374:"I have the honor to put the following questions on the Bureau of the Assembly from now on - not so much to get an answer, which I have every reason not to think close - but especially to draw the attention of Parliament and public opinion to particularly worrying circumstances. When I criticized three months ago the issue of commitments made by the Romanian Government for the possible transit on its territory of Soviet military formations and war materials, I was opposed from the ministerial bench by the most categorical denials, accompanied by the most insulting qualifications. Despite all these denials and assessments, on whose authority I no longer insist, the worrying rumors have not stopped spreading. However, I read the other day, in the interview that Mr. Beneš, the President of the Czechoslovak Republic, gave to a French journalist, after the Conference of the Heads of State of the Small Agreement, which took place in Bucharest, the following information, whose importance can’t be omitted: But if France and England were so blind that they did not understand their mission, the three states provided all the hypotheses. I know that in any case, the East will send people and weapons to help them. If we add to these words the assertions of total identities of views on all issues the question is logical: Where will the "East" send our people and weapons and whether the Pact of Military Assistance concluded between Czechoslovakia and the USSR includes obligations of this nature for Romania?"
452:. In the spring of 1945 he returned from the front to the Higher War School, where he gave four lectures, later summarized as "Formulas for Organizing Peace in Universal History", but only the number 1 lecture is known at present. In his introductory study to the 1980 edition of Gheorghe I. Brătianu's book The Historical Tradition on the Establishment of the Romanian States, published by Eminescu Publishing House, Valeriu Râpeanu states that that course Formulas for Organizing Peace in Universal History was taught by Gh. I. Brătianu at the Faculty of Letters in Bucharest, from this course being published two parts in
108:. Although his parents separated shortly after the marriage, just before his birth, Ionel Brătianu recognized him as a legitimate son and took care to supervise the intellectual formation of the young George. The relationship between father and son had an occasional character, because his mother did not allow contacts between the two. The two had divorced the day after the religious wedding, only to recognize the future historian as a legitimate son. Only after 1918, Gheorghe I. Brătianu will visit I. I. C. Brătianu, asking for his advice and support. He married in 1925 Hélène
350:, while offering a complete rearmament of the army, demanding in return that Romania oppose with all its might any attempt to cross Soviet troops into the national territory. Nicolae Titulescu, who supposedly had already promised his French and Czechoslovak partners that they had already concluded mutual assistance treaties with the Soviet Union in the event of a European conflict, that he would also conclude a similar treaty, which would have allowed Soviet troops to pass through Romania to "support"
410:. The electoral score of the party led by Gheorghe I. Brătianu was 3.89% (119,361 votes). In these conditions, Gheorghe Brătianu decided to return to the NLP, and on 10 January the merger between the two formations took place. After only three months, the political parties were dissolved, and the liberals were forced to work illegally. On 14 February 1938, a "decree-law" was issued by which any kind of political activity became illegal, thus establishing the royal dictatorship.
448:, on 22 June 1941, Gheorghe I. Brătianu was mobilized in the 7th Infantry Division, with the rank of reserve captain, until 12 July 1941. At this date he was attached to the Command of the Cavalry Corps, as a German-language translator, until his demobilization, on 30 November 1941. In March 1942 he obtained the rank of major, with which he was mobilized again, at the Cavalry Corps, between 16 July – 24 September 1942, during which he took part in the fighting in the
544:
22:
366:, the foreign minister Nazi, supposedly confirms the offer made to Romania. Subsequently, the offer was allegedly renewed, following talks with the same officials, on 7 November 1936 and on 16 November 1936. Nicolae Titulescu's "Combinations" were the subject of several interpellations in parliament by Gheorghe I. Brătianu, who was called a fascist leader by the newspaper "Pravda" on 15 December 1936.
156:, on 15 August 1916, Gheorghe I. Brătianu, aged 18, was enrolled voluntarily and incorporated into the 2nd Artillery Regiment. Between 10 October 1916 - 31 March 1917, he attended the school of artillery reserve officers in Iași, and on 1 June 1917, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. In the summer of 1917, participating in the heavy fighting in
513:, is obviously a dominant position throughout the maritime complex. Whoever has the Crimea can rule the Black Sea. He who does not have it does not master it. It is obvious that this problem is related to our issues, because, in the end, what are the straits other than the extension of the mouths of the
443:
agreed, but with the condition not to request the ministries targeted by the legionaries, internal, external, education and religious affairs. Horia Sima states that
Gheorghe I. Brătianu asked too much, respectively the Vice-Presidency of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
382:
A year earlier, on 5 October and 26 November 1935, Gheorghe I. Brătianu, in his speeches in
Parliament warned about the danger of Soviet troops entering Romania, as well as the impossibility of forcing them to leave Romanian territory, as long as the Soviet Union he had claims on Bessarabia, claiming
463:
At the same time, university activity continues. In the years 1941-1942 and 1942-1943 he will give the course entitled The Black Sea
Question at the University of Bucharest. On 15 December 1941, in the opening lesson of the course on the history of the Black Sea, Gheorghe I. Brătianu spoke about the
120:
He spent his childhood and adolescence with his mother, in
Ruginoasa, in the Royal Palace of Alexandru Ioan Cuza - built in 1811 in neo-Gothic style, which had originally belonged to the Sturza family - now is a museum, and on his mother's property in Iași, Casa Pogor. In 1916 he got his bachelor's
551:
In 1947, during the repressions carried out by the communist authorities, he was removed from the university and from the management of the history institute. In
September he was forced into home lockdown and his external contacts were forbidden. On 9 June 1948, with the reorganization of the
267:
Gheorghe I. Brătianu has joined the
National Liberal Party in 1926 and on 12 October 1927 he became the head of the Iași organization of NLP. In 1930, he was disappointed with the NLP policy, which fiercely opposed the return to the country of Carol Caraiman, the future
234:
in
Bucharest (1941 - 1947). In the 1930s, he was the leader of a dissident fraction of the National Liberal Party, which he had set up. As early as the third decade of the twentieth century, Gheorghe Brătianu was elected a corresponding member of
531:. The course on the Black Sea Question will be lithographed, for the use of students, by the editor Ioan Vernescu. The book about the Black Sea will be printed posthumously. In 1988, a Romanian translation of Gh. Brătianu's book entitled
276:), in the period 1930–1938. He will be expelled from the NLP due to his attitude. Along with Gheorghe I. Brătianu, a series of prominent personalities of the Romanian interwar culture and politics left NLP, such as
272:, the politician Gheorghe I. Brătianu, who was one of the supporters of the future king, has followed his suggestions, and left the NLP unity and created a dissident liberal group: NLP Gheorghe Brătianu (
361:
A month later, on 20 November, informed by Mihail
Sturdza about this fact, Gheorghe I. Brătianu, travels to Berlin , where Hermann Göring and Adolf Hitler, with whom he had conversations, but also baron
575:
On one of the days between 23 and 27 April 1953, he died in prison, at the age of 55, under circumstances that are still unexplained. He was buried in a common grave at the Pauper's
Cemetery in
919:
Gheorghe I.Brătianu, Tradiția istorică despre întemeierea statelor românești, Ediție îngrijită, studiu introductiv și note de
Valeriu Râpeanu, Editura Eminescu, București,1980, p. XXXV
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The historian Gheorghe I. Brătianu identified two “key positions”, respectively decisive geopolitical positions that Romania had to include in its strategic calculations:
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525:"the notion of security space means that we cannot remain indifferent to what is happening in these two key positions of a sea so closely linked to our existence."
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556:(which now took the name of the R.P.R. Academy), his academic status was withdrawn, as was done with 97 other Romanian scientific and cultural personalities.
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141:, representing the historiographical debut of the young Gheorghe I. Brătianu, aged 16. At the age of 17, Gheorghe Brătianu founded the magazine-manuscript
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210:), obtaining the title of doctor (state) in letters. The actual thesis was printed in Paris, right in the year when he got his PhD in Sorbonne in 1929.
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474:"includes those regions and points without that a nation can fulfill neither its historical mission nor the possibilities that make up its destiny."
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296:, etc. ... Without having a notable electoral influence, the new political party, in the first years of its establishment, supported the policy of
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Sturdza, Mihail - Romania și sfârșitul Europei, Amintiri din țara pierdută. România anilor 1917-1947, 499 p. 20 cm, CRITERION PUBLISHING (2004)
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and Northern Bukovina were ceded, but only in the one meeting held in the night of 30 to 31 August 1940, convened to accept or reject the
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300:, but later stayed apart itself from it, as he continued the policy of fragmenting the parties and strengthening his personal power.
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In 1924, he became a university professor at the department of universal history of the University of Iași, and in 1940, of the
175:, which he graduated in 1919, when he got a law degree. Attracted by history, he abandoned his legal career and enrolled at the
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results - but it could, however, overcome it. The assertion of security space does not mean the will and desire to capture a
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At the elections of December 1937, the last multi-party elections in interwar Romania, he signed the non-electoral pact with
720:
Stoenescu, Alex-Mihai : Istoria loviturilor de stat în România, vol.2, Eșecul democrației române, Ed. RAO Books, 2010,
504:"1. The entrance of the Bosphorus and, in general, the system of straits that leads navigation beyond this closed sea; and
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all the economic ministries, so that no agreement was reached. At the beginning of Romania's military operations in the
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BOLD, Emilian, SEFTIUC, Ilie : România sub lupa diplomației sovietice (1917-1938), Iași, Editura Junimea, 1998.
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After the coup d'état of 6 September, when King Carol II was dethroned and determined to go into exile by General
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would be a good thing for Romania. King Carol II notes in his diary that the historian Gheorghe I. Brătianu was
379:(Presidency of the Assembly of Deputies, registered at no. 2340 of 16 June 1936 and no. 33 569 of 18 June 1936)
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112:(1901–1971), sister of Prince Mihai Gr. Sturdza, in Bucharest on 27 January 1922 and they had three children.
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435:, he will be asked by the latter to participate in the government, in a tripartite formula, together with the
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Ciucanu, Corneliu : Dreapta românească interbelică. Politică și ideologie, Ed. TIPO Moldova, Iași, 2009.
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Les Vénitiens dans la mer Noire au 14e siècle: la politique du sénat en 1332-33 et la notion de la latinité
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Carol al II-lea. Între datorie și pasiune. Însemnări zilnice, vol. I (1904-1939), ed. Curtea Veche, 2004,
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2. Crimea, which, through its natural harbors, its ancient cities, the advanced maritime bastion in the
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342:, a German offer to Romania, respectively the full guarantee of borders, especially the border with the
579:. In 1971, the family was allowed to dig up his remains and bury him in the tomb of the Brătianus from
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He will make a distinction between security space, ethnic space and living space. The ethnic space was
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degree in Iași, and in the summer of the same year he visited for the first time the historian
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Trad.de Michaela Spinei. ediție îngrijită de Victor Spinei. Editura Meridiane București, 1988
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In terms of foreign policy, Gheorghe I. Brătianu categorically opposed the policy pursued by
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640:"Ion I.C. Brătianu şi Gheorghe I. Brătianu - Aspecte ale relaţiilor dintre tată şi fiu"
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The history of the 19th and 20th centuries was synthesized by Gheorghe I. Brătianu as
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Mamina, Ion: Consilii de Coroană, București, Editura Enciclopedică, 1997, p. 262-268.
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Buzatu, Gh.; Acatrinei, Stela; Acatrinei, Gh.: Românii din arhive, Ed. Mica Valahie,
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and a full member in 1942. Between 1935 and 1947 he held the position of director of
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Neagoe, Stelian : Oameni politici români, Editura Machiavelli, București, 2007.
646:"Evocarea figurii academicianului Gheorghe I. Brătianu, la 100 de ani de la naştere"
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that opening borders means in fact an invitation to the Bolsheviks in the country.
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883:Țiu, Ilarion : Mișcarea Legionară după Corneliu Codreanu, Ed. Vremea, 2007.
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406:, NLP prime minister, but without the support of the elders of the party led by
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Gheorghe I. Brătianu stated in the plenary of the parliament, on 16 June 1936:
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against Germany, also allegedly hid the government's Petrescu-Comnen report.
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861:"Istoria ultimelor alegeri libere din România de până la revoluţia din 1989"
572:, being detained for almost three years, without being judged or convicted.
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of Romania, a geopolitical term that he will later define as the space that
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488:. The security space could coincide with the ethnic space - from which a
486:"the space over which the expansion of a force extends at a given moment"
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The Black Sea appeared. From the origins to the Ottoman conquest. Vol. I
311:, rejecting any alliance with it, being convinced that an alliance with
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427:"collapse, collapse through demoralization, helplessness and anarchy."
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Sima, Horia : Era Libertății, vol.1, Ed. Gorjan, Timișoara, 1995.
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201:"Recherches sur le commerce génois dans la Mer Noire au XIIIe siècle"
160:, he was wounded, and after recovering he reached the front again, in
957:"Gheorghe I. Brătianu în timpul domiciliului obligatoriu (1947–1950)"
932:, Societas Academica Dacoromana, "Acta Historica", IX, Monachi , 1969
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Vd. Ieromonah Dr. Silvestru A. Prunduș OSBM & Clemente Plăianu,
478:"the space inhabited by the same people, in the sense of the nation"
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Recherches sur le Commerce Génois dans le Mer Noire au XIIIe Siècle
273:
183:, where he attended the courses of prestigious historians, such as
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Romanian politician and historian Gheorghe I. Brătianu in his youth
195:( 1923). In 1929 he got his French(state) PhD at the Sorbonne in
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Gheorghe I. Brătianu did not participate at the meetings of the
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425:. He insisted on military resistance, as surrender would bring
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Gheorghe (George) I. Brătianu was born on 28 January 1898, in
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Marea Neagră. De la origini până la cucerirea otomană. Vol.I.
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966:, National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives
605:, Paris, P. Geuthner; Bucharest, "Cultura naţională", 1936.
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Privilèges et franchises municipales dans l'Empire Byzantin
754:, (1993), vol. I, A - C, Editura Enciclopedică, București.
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Vol.II, Boian -Buzescu. Editura Simetria, București, p.448
326:, on 22 October 1934, the German Minister of Air, Marshal
129:. Nicolae Iorga was the one who published his first study
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La Mer Noire. Des origines à la conquête Ottomane. Vol. I
44:, he broke away from the movement to create and lead the
538:
529:"a struggle for the Black Sea between Russia and Europe"
164:. He presented his experience on the front in the book
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On the night of 5/6 May 1950, he was arrested by the
496:, so it is not the expression of an expanding force.
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Exclusivitate. O dilemă istorică rezolvată de arhive
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In 1917 he was enrolled at the Faculty of Lawat the
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Familiile boierești din Moldova și Țara Românească.
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257:the International Committee of Historical Sciences
232:the Institute of Universal History "Nicolae Iorga"
222:. In 1928 he became a corresponding member of the
930:La Mer Noire. Des origines à la conquête ottomane
317:"the great apostle of the agreement with Germany"
32:(28 January 1898 – 23–27 April 1953) was a
1069:Academic staff of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
995:
765:"Partidul Național Liberal (Gheorghe Brătianu)"
693:"Viaţa şi activitatea lui Gheorghe I. Brătianu"
322:According to the claims of fascist politician
1064:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
48:. A history professor at the universities of
1039:National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
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1044:National Liberal Party-Brătianu politicians
460:and some incursions into the third decade.
454:Revue historique du Sud-Est Europėen, XXIII
1089:Romanian people who died in prison custody
1079:Romanian military personnel of World War I
334:, presented to the Romanian Ambassador to
36:politician and historian. A member of the
1094:Prisoners who died in Securitate custody
987:. La 80 de ani (1912-1992), 1992, p. 30.
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1074:Titular members of the Romanian Academy
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255:. In 1926 he was appointed a member of
135:O oaste moldovenească acum trei veacuri
1114:Children of prime ministers of Romania
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239:in Genoa (1925), in 1935 a member of
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1029:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
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539:The beginning of communist repression
237:the Ligurian Society of Storia Patria
131:"A Moldovan army three centuries ago"
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249:the Society of Sciences and Letters
166:"Broken Files from the Book of War"
13:
955:Pentelescu, Aurel; Țăranu, Liviu,
230:in Iași (1935 - 1940) and then of
228:the Institute of Universal History
68:in 1950, he died at the notorious
40:and initially affiliated with the
14:
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648:, Nicolae Ionescu, speech at the
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205:Research on Genoese trade in the
16:Romanian politician and historian
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402:, against the government led by
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628:National Liberal Party-Brătianu
560:Arrest, imprisonment, and death
46:National Liberal Party-Brătianu
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985:Cardinalul Dr. Alexandru Todea
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611:, Bucharest: Impr. Nat., 1939.
547:Gheorghe I. Brătianu in prison
398:, who represented the fascist
1:
1099:Scholars of Byzantine history
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599:, Paris, Paul Gauthier, 1929.
480:, and the living space was a
30:Gheorghe (George) I. Brătianu
1024:Chernivtsi University alumni
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199:, with the thesis entitled
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1034:University of Paris alumni
617:(München 1969; posthumous)
417:of 27 June 1940, in which
280:, Constantin C. Giurescu,
96:and of the princess Maria
94:Ion (Ionel) I. C. Brătianu
1084:Inmates of Sighet prison
330:, speaking on behalf of
1014:People from Iași County
396:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
340:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen
220:University of Bucharest
102:Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza
752:Dicționar Enciclopedic
568:and imprisoned in the
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364:Konstantin von Neurath
241:the Kondakov Institute
193:University of Cernăuți
100:(1863-1921) (widow of
42:National Liberal Party
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1059:Romanian Byzantinists
772:Doctorate.ulbsibiu.ro
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152:After Romania joined
92:). He was the son of
66:Communist authorities
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928:Georges I.Brătianu,
437:Legionnaire movement
346:and the border with
104:) and the nephew of
941:Gheorghe Brătianu.
737:Mihai Dim Sturdza.
282:Petre P. Panaitescu
214:Professional career
177:Sorbonne University
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423:Vienna Arbitration
404:Gheorghe Tătărescu
173:University of Iași
139:"Revista istorică"
64:. Arrested by the
27:
796:978-973-7858-78-8
652:, 3 February 1998
577:Sighetu Marmației
490:"strong position"
482:"ratio of forces"
305:Nicolae Titulescu
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1009:1953 deaths
1004:1898 births
388:Iuliu Maniu
154:World War I
90:Iași County
86:Baia County
998:Categories
697:archive.vn
657:References
581:Ștefănești
566:Securitate
441:Horia Sima
419:Bessarabia
400:Iron Guard
970:27 August
511:Black Sea
207:Black Sea
158:Cireșoaia
147:Încercări
116:Education
82:Ruginoasa
76:Biography
54:Bucharest
865:Historia
622:See also
298:Carol II
274:Georgist
162:Bucovina
34:Romanian
348:Hungary
253:Bohemia
110:Sturdza
60:of the
870:12 May
828:
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678:12 May
515:Danube
450:Crimea
394:) and
352:France
336:Berlin
245:Prague
197:France
137:), in
98:Moruzi
960:(PDF)
768:(PDF)
181:Paris
125:, in
972:2022
872:2020
826:ISBN
809:ISBN
792:ISBN
779:2020
750:Vd.
722:ISBN
709:2020
680:2020
354:and
187:and
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392:NPP
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
