768:
1534:
719:
1422:
625:
1606:. Their results showed that eggshell porosity indicates that the eggs of almost certainly all oviraptorosaurs were exposed in the nest without an external covering. Though most oviraptorosaur nests have eggs arranged in a circular fashion, the morphology of the nest is different in smaller and larger species in that the center of the nest is highly reduced in the former species, and becomes significantly larger in the latter species. This nest configuration suggest that whereas smallest oviraptorosaurs probably sat directly on the eggs, a large,
819:
1619:
3596:
3601:
145:
1310:
759:
3624:
914:
669:
2809:
426:
1369:(LAGs, or growth rings) as preserved. As several LAGs were missing, the team used inverse calculations to determine them, resulting in a total of 11. The amount of LAGs indicate the holotype was around 11 years old at the time of death and had an average growth of 128–140 kg (282–309 lb) per year. The performed histology also suggests that this individual was an adult, as there was extensive development of the secondary
120:
2795:
1491:, an adaptation that could have been useful in the variable environmental settings of the Iren Dabasu Formation. The team based this hypothesis on comparisons with several herbivorous animals, including other dinosaurs. Whereas sharply developed and narrow rostra are more correlated with a selective diet, such as the case of some
1509:. Ma and colleagues also pointed out that its large size, and therefore greater energy requirements, could have influenced its dietary habits as larger animals tend to consume lower-quality food since it is available in larger amounts on the surroundings, and has a more stable supply. However, it is not known whether the
734:(horny beak). Compared to the right side, the left side of the jaws is well-preserved with an almost intact shape. The dentary bones are very deep and toothless, and have a pair of sharply-developed shelves on the top edges. These structures are relatively flat. The anterior end of the dentary is rounded, more similar to
1381:
in the outer circumferential layer, which indicates a relatively sloppy growth rate. However, given that the fourth to seventh sets of LAGs were not very tightly packed, Xu and colleagues inferred that the individual reached its young adulthood at the age of 7. Moreover, the specimen was found to
406:
with a shearing bite as indicated by the preserved mandible. The shape of its beak indicates a generalist diet with a potentially occasional carnivory. The holotype—and only known specimen—has been determined to represent a young adult that died at the age of 11, and it reached a young adulthood
842:
is very short and carries a strongly diverging thumb. The hindlimbs are well-developed and highly elongated: the femur is slender with a distinct head and neck, measuring 1.1 m (3.6 ft); the tibia has similar top and bottom borders and measures 1.10 m (3.6 ft) long; and the
692:
has been estimated at 8 m (26 ft) long with a height of 3.5 m (11 ft) at the hips, and a ponderous weight of 1.4 metric tons (1.5 short tons). Other studies have estimated its body mass at approximately or more than 2 t (2.2 short tons).
1610:-sized animal likely sat on the area devoid of eggs. Tanaka and colleagues pointed out that this adaption was beneficial to avoid egg-crushing and could have allowed some body contact during incubation in these giant oviraptorosaurs.
652:
and MPC-D 107/17, and their close relationships, Tsuihiji and team regarded it as
Caenagnathidae indet. due to its fragmentary nature. Authors Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi in 2019 assigned this partial dentary as
470:
in April 2005 for a
Japanese documentary. Xu obliged them by digging out a thighbone. As he wiped the bone clean, he suddenly realized it was not from a sauropod, but from an unidentified theropod in the size class of
355:
was the largest-known oviraptorosaur, reaching 8 metres (26 ft) in length and 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons) in body mass. It had an extensively pneumatized vertebral column and elongated arms and legs. Both
618:
644:, discovered in 2008 by the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences-Mongolian Paleontological Center Joint Expedition, at the Tsagaan Teg locality. As preserved, the dentary is virtually similar to that of
1448:. The articular region in this reptile enables propalinal jaw movement (a forward and backward movement) during feeding, and based on the similarities between their jaws, Ma and colleagues suggested that
1401:
are the elongated hindlimbs. Xu and colleagues pointed out the larger the theropod becomes, the shorter and stockier the legs become in order to withstand the increasing mass. This is contrasted by
1405:
with both femur and tibia being over 1 m (3.3 ft), a combination that is not usually found in theropods of this size. The elongation of these limbs indicates that it was one of the most
810:. The coronoid process prominence is low and distinctively rounded. On the posterior end of the mandibles the articular glenoid can be located. It is relatively large, convex, and bowl-shaped.
786:
and articular-surangular-coronoid (ASC) complex are comparatively smaller than the dentary. The angular is firmly fused to the ASC complex and gives form to the lower margin of the external
2002:
Tsuihiji, T.; Watabe, M.; Barsbold, R.; Tsogtbaatar, K. (2015). "A gigantic caenagnathid oviraptorosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper
Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia".
682:
is the largest known oviraptorosaur for which skeletal material is available. Approximately three times as long and 35 times heavier than the largest earlier-discovered oviraptorosaur
2773:
Xing, H.; He, Y.; Li, L.; Xi, D. (2012). "A review on the study of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleontology of the Iren Dabasu
Formation, Inner Mongolia". In Wei, D. (ed.).
1664:
analyses. A 2022 study describing new ornithomimosaurian material, however, suggested that while the vertebrate faunal assemblage indicates that the age of the formation is likely
2746:
Currie, P. J.; Eberth, D. A. (1993). "Palaeontology, sedimentology and palaeoecology of the Iren Dabasu
Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China".
838:(73.5 cm (2.41 ft) long) and slender manus. The humerus is bowed outwards to an exceptionally large extent and has a very rounded head, similar to some birds. The first
499:
2459:"Giant Dinosaur (Theropod) eggs of the Oogenus Macroelongatoolithus (Elongaroolithidae) from Southeastern Idaho: Taxonimic, Paleobiogeographic, and Reproductive implications"
1573:
in North
America indicates that gigantic oviraptorosaurs were present there as well, though no fossil skeletal remains have been found. The 2017 description and naming of
1440:
and found that it had the deepest beak among caenagnathids and a relatively different diet from other oviraptorosaurs. For instance, the articular region of the jaws of
407:
around 7 years of life. Such development indicates an accelerated growth compared to other larger theropods. The discovery and examination of large oviraptorosaur eggs,
2458:
2412:"A new caenagnathid (Dinosauria: Oviraptorosauria) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada, and a reevaluation of the relationships of Caenagnathidae"
2267:
Lü, J.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. (2013). "Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications".
1790:
formations have been correlated on the basis of their similar vertebrate fossil record. This correlation may be further supported by the presence of a giant,
1910:
730:. This element fused into a broad shovel-like shape, indicating that the unknown skull was over half a metre long and also toothless, likely equipped with a
806:. This complex extends forwards to articulate with the posterior upper process of the dentary and gives form to the upper margin of the external mandibular
387:
The genus is classified as an oviraptorosaurian dinosaur, a group of generally small feathered animals. Though it was originally found to represent a basal
2253:
2717:"Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the dinosaur-bearing Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabasu Formation, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China"
2619:"Inversion of the Erlian Basin (NE China) in the early Late Cretaceous: Implications for the collision of the Okhotomorsk Block with East Asia"
2618:
495:
434:
2906:
1942:"Functional anatomy of a giant toothless mandible from a bird-like dinosaur: Gigantoraptor and the evolution of the oviraptorosaurian jaw"
834:. The caudal vertebrae are heavily pneumatized with a spongeous-like bone filling. The forelimbs are rather long because of an elongated
3758:
2885:
790:. The angular has a bowed shape and is mainly forwards extended with a large lateral depression that joints with the posterior lower
3704:
2850:
3768:
2167:"Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage"
2566:
Tanaka, K.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; DeBuhr, C. L.; Yi, L.; Jia, S.; Ding, F.; Xia, M.; Liu, D.; Shen, C.; Chen, R. (2018).
1464:). This is comparable to other caenagnathids and contrasting with the jaws of oviraptorids, whose jaws seem better suited for
1382:
still be a relatively young adult and thereby it would have grown larger when it reached the adult stage. This indicates that
2668:"New ornithomimosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda) pelvis from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation of Nei Mongol, North China"
2465:
1333:, leading to the loss of insulating coverings found on their smaller relatives. However, they suggested that at least arm
3617:
1823:
2100:
2048:
1802:
in fluvial-based sedimentation formations like the Iren Dabasu and Bayan Shireh formations suggest a preference over
1488:
376:, as seen in other oviraptorosaurs. Though several oviraptorosaur species are known to have developed a full coat of
2165:
Benson, R. B. J.; Campione, N. E.; Carrano, M. T.; Mannion, P. D.; Sullivan, C.; Upchurch, P.; Evans, D. C. (2014).
746:(bone union) region at the front of the dentary is U-shaped. Along the lateral surfaces of this bone, some nutrient
803:
557:, consists of the incomplete and disassociated remains of a single adult individual, preserving a nearly complete
3773:
2878:
2799:
3595:
2118:"Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions"
1555:, explains several earlier Asian finds of very large, up to ~50 cm (20 in) long, oviraptorosaurian
1409:—an animal adapted to run or maintain certain speed for a large amount of time—large theropods. Furthermore,
2361:"A New Large-Bodied Oviraptorosaurian Theropod Dinosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of Western North America"
3778:
1811:
1472:, which could have assisted the animal in food processing, and possibly improving the feeding efficiency.
144:
3600:
1687:
The environments around this formation were highly humid, existing as a large braided river valley with
1533:
1921:
Pickrell, N. (2014). Flying
Dinosaurs: How fearsome reptiles became birds. NewSouth Publishing. 256 pp.
1452:
could have employed propalinal jaw movement as well. This movement aided with the sharp shelves of the
2320:"A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia"
2871:
767:
2641:
2497:
1718:
remains that were found in both the river channel and the floodplain sediments. A rich diversity of
3783:
3627:
2982:
1162:
826:
The anterior caudal vertebrae have very long neural spines and are heavily pneumaticised with deep
463:
261:
1525:
diet as the strong beak together with a propalinal jaw movement may have allowed meat processing.
3682:
2813:
2515:; Xu, L.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Jia, S.; Xiao, L.; Chuang, H.; Li, T.; Kundrát, M.; Shen, C. (2017).
1657:
538:
3735:
827:
710:
was likely feathered as well, however, given its massive size it may have been partially naked.
3763:
3644:
1787:
1510:
1495:, wide and rounded rostra are more linked with a generalist diet, as seen on the morphology of
1330:
696:
Oviraptorosaurs are fairly known to have developed feathers, as seen on feathered specimens of
641:
477:. He then stopped the filming to secure the serendipitous find. This way, the discovery of the
2834:
2776:
Proceedings of the
Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
2517:"Perinate and eggs of a giant caenagnathid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of central China"
3730:
3722:
3267:
2484:
2247:
2030:
1645:
1358:
1323:
might have been partially "naked" because it is 300 times as heavy as feathered species like
794:(bony projection/extension) of the dentary. The ASC complex is composed by the fusion of the
438:
342:
364:
measured over 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, an unusual trait among giant theropods. The
3691:
3036:
2679:
2423:
2331:
2276:
2129:
1953:
1877:
1564:
1539:
726:
As preserved, the total length of the lower jaws is 46 cm (460 mm), and they are
409:
8:
3158:
1366:
787:
684:
2683:
2427:
2335:
2280:
2133:
1957:
1881:
3009:
2858:
2697:
2594:
2567:
2543:
2516:
2439:
2387:
2360:
2300:
2201:
2166:
2062:
2054:
1976:
1941:
1901:
1743:
1669:
1628:
879:
dinosaurs, such as a forelimb/hindlimb ratio of 60%, a lack of expansion of the distal
718:
624:
139:
1421:
1413:
had an extensively pneumatized vertebral column, which may have aided in weight loss.
3717:
3186:
3151:
2843:
2774:
2701:
2599:
2548:
2512:
2443:
2392:
2344:
2319:
2304:
2292:
2206:
2096:
2066:
2044:
1981:
1893:
1653:
1569:. These were laid in enormous rings with a diameter of three metres. The presence of
1476:
1342:
884:
818:
791:
598:
562:
446:
3371:
3104:
3082:
3048:
2894:
2755:
2728:
2687:
2633:
2589:
2579:
2538:
2528:
2431:
2382:
2372:
2339:
2284:
2233:
2196:
2188:
2178:
2147:
2137:
2088:
2036:
2011:
1971:
1961:
1905:
1885:
1865:
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1037:
847:
is 58.3 cm (1.91 ft) long with the metatarsal III being the largest. The
570:
566:
2732:
2692:
2667:
2617:
Guo, Z. X.; Shi, Y. P.; Yang, Y. T.; Jiang, S. Q.; Li, L. B.; Zhao, Z. G. (2018).
2435:
2015:
1618:
891:
would thus have been more bird-like than its smaller oviraptorosaurian relatives.
3296:
3209:
3193:
2967:
2854:
2637:
2411:
2377:
2183:
2080:
1798:
in the Bayan Shireh
Formation. The presence of the Bayan Shireh caenagnathid and
1739:
590:
338:
228:
30:
830:. The middle section of the relatively short tail is somewhat stiffened by long
3564:
3550:
3357:
3334:
3219:
3144:
3129:
2821:
1966:
1782:
1758:
1730:
1649:
1603:
1501:
1391:
1114:
944:
899:
872:
795:
450:
346:
327:
241:
2288:
2092:
3752:
3667:
3536:
3514:
3455:
3439:
3386:
3246:
3170:
1803:
1772:
1734:
1681:
1661:
1634:
1579:—based on an embryonic individual associated with eggs—further supports that
1378:
1138:
876:
864:
848:
735:
727:
614:
582:
473:
369:
70:
2568:"Incubation behaviours of oviraptorosaur dinosaurs in relation to body size"
2142:
2117:
1309:
3507:
3463:
3421:
3364:
3307:
3281:
2951:
2759:
2603:
2584:
2552:
2396:
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2210:
2058:
1985:
1897:
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1595:
1506:
1100:
1087:
958:
930:
831:
783:
739:
731:
637:
594:
488:
458:
417:
built their nests with the center lacking eggs in order to avoid crushing.
392:
273:
2238:
2225:
2040:
1940:
Ma, W.; Wang, J.; Pittman, M.; Tan, Q.; Tan., L.; Guo, B.; Xu, X. (2017).
758:
3676:
3557:
3490:
3428:
3350:
3343:
3179:
3021:
2715:
Van
Itterbeeck, J.; Horne, D. J.; Bultynck, P.; Vandenberghe, N. (2005).
1719:
1712:
1522:
1325:
1186:
1054:
698:
388:
45:
2533:
1889:
3709:
3571:
3522:
3399:
3323:
3253:
3239:
3232:
2933:
2924:
2714:
2192:
2151:
1700:
1688:
1673:
1575:
1492:
1480:
1373:, tightly packed LAGs close to the periphery of the bone, and a poorly
1203:
913:
902:
rather than an oviraptorid. Phylogenetic analysis conducted by Lamanna
844:
839:
799:
743:
503:
202:
90:
55:
668:
3529:
3478:
3471:
3406:
3274:
3136:
2994:
2942:
1807:
1692:
1677:
1560:
1544:
1518:
1465:
1425:
1406:
1006:
926:
703:
425:
403:
365:
215:
156:
95:
39:
3638:
2835:"Scientists Discover 3,000-Pound Gigantoraptor Dinosaur in Mongolia"
2359:
Lamanna, M. C.; Sues, H. D.; Schachner, E. R.; Lyson, T. R. (2014).
2116:
Campione, N. E.; Evans, D. C.; Brown, C. M.; Carrano, M. T. (2014).
3661:
3448:
3413:
3288:
3122:
2918:
2863:
2808:
2716:
2032:
Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Theropods and Other Dinosauriformes
1763:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1665:
1433:
1387:
1374:
1346:
1334:
1313:
875:. However, it also includes several features found in more derived
807:
747:
558:
550:
481:
454:
399:
330:
189:
176:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2224:
Persons, W. Scott, IV; Currie, Philip J.; Norell, Mark A. (2014).
1729:
The dinosaurian fauna of this formation includes the fast-running
776:
Holotype mandible in lateral, dorsal, anterior and posterior views
3696:
3316:
2001:
1866:"A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China"
1704:
1696:
1676:, the invertebrate faunal assemblage indicates a much later age (
1453:
1445:
880:
835:
636:
In 2015 Takanobu Tsuihiji with team reported a partial—and large—
578:
574:
546:
507:
442:
396:
377:
100:
75:
2665:
1602:, in order to correlate the nest configuration and body size to
1598:
of numerous oviraptorosaur specimens, including egg clutches of
1365:
by Xu and colleagues in 2007 showed that the specimen had seven
933:
analysis conducted by Funston & Currie in 2016, which found
675:
size (holotype) compared to a 1.8-metre-tall (5.9 ft) human
119:
2912:
2794:
1483:
is related to dietary habits, the strongly U-shaped dentary of
1469:
1468:. The depth of the lower jaw indicates the presence of a large
1457:
1370:
1362:
822:
Skeletal reconstruction of the holotype, known remains in white
610:
166:
1699:-based sedimentation. The Iren Dabasu Formation had extensive
3543:
3499:
660:, suggesting that it could represent an additional specimen.
606:
602:
530:
519:
511:
361:
357:
323:
132:
2164:
1432:
In 2017, Waisum Ma and colleagues re-examined the preserved
384:, due to its size, could have lost some of this integument.
1584:
1461:
648:
in both morphology and size. Despite shared traits between
586:
373:
334:
2358:
2115:
1587:
belong to colossal caenagnathid oviraptorosaurs, such as
1556:
1390:
much faster than most large non-avian theropods, such as
654:
2779:(in Chinese). Beijing: China Ocean Press. pp. 1−44.
2565:
1456:
may indicate a shearing bite capable of cutting through
851:
is robust with large and strongly curved pedal unguals.
1864:
Xing, X.; Tan, Q.; Wang, J.; Zhao, X.; Tan, L. (2007).
1329:, and large animals tend to rely more on body mass for
462:
have been uncovered since 2001. Chinese paleontologist
2317:
2087:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 152.
2028:
2318:
Longrich, N. R.; Currie, P. J.; Zhi-Ming, D. (2010).
2035:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 54.
750:
can be found, which likely supported a rhamphotheca.
2510:
280:
2223:
1551:The existence of giant oviraptorosaurians, such as
2511:Pu, H.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Lü, J.; Currie, P. J.;
1547:, featuring the large center region devoid of eggs
1487:may suggest that this oviraptorosaur was a highly
1349:, are not related to the regulation of body heat.
867:, in a basal (primitive) position. The anatomy of
632:(top) compared to dentary of MPC-D 107/17 (bottom)
3750:
1939:
3102:
2666:Yao, X.; Sullivan, C.; Tan, Q.; Xu, X. (2022).
2616:
2266:
1863:
738:and different from the chin-shaped one of some
706:of several oviraptorids. As an oviraptorosaur,
2966:
2708:
1997:
1995:
1652:. This formation has been dated to 95.8 ± 6.2
349:, where the first remains were found in 2005.
2879:
2409:
1859:
1521:. The team could not disregard an occasional
898:relationships found it to be a member of the
619:Longhao Institute of Geology and Paleontology
2745:
2252:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1594:In 2018, Kohei Tanaka and team examined the
391:, subsequent analyses have shown it to be a
1992:
1352:
307:
2886:
2872:
2772:
118:
2691:
2593:
2583:
2542:
2532:
2386:
2376:
2343:
2237:
2226:"Oviraptorosaur tail forms and functions"
2200:
2182:
2141:
2029:Molina-Pérez, R.; Larramendi, A. (2019).
1975:
1965:
1836:
1341:, since their primary functions, such as
640:dentary (specimen MPC-D 107/17) from the
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1617:
1532:
1517:was specialized to process this greater
1444:show convergence to those of the modern
1420:
1308:
912:
871:includes the diagnostic features of the
817:
717:
667:
623:
424:
813:
722:Holotype mandible in right lateral view
420:
413:, indicates that large species such as
3751:
2659:
2085:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
466:was asked to reenact the discovery of
3643:
3642:
2905:
2867:
2456:
1924:
2893:
2079:
1810:oviraptorosaur species, rather than
1626:pair protecting their nest from two
2410:Funston, G.; Currie, P. J. (2016).
1824:Timeline of oviraptorosaur research
1613:
1319:Xu and team in 2007 suggested that
13:
2416:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1726:inhabited the floodplain systems.
395:. It was a giant, ground-dwelling
127:Mounted reconstructed skeleton of
14:
3795:
3759:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
2787:
854:
3623:
3622:
3599:
3594:
2822:"Giant bird-like dinosaur found"
2807:
2793:
2345:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x
2122:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
917:Comparison between the manus of
887:on the femur. Despite its size,
804:coronoid process of the mandible
766:
757:
617:. It is currently housed at the
143:
43:
2766:
2739:
2626:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
2610:
2559:
2504:
2450:
2403:
2352:
2311:
2260:
1668:based on its similarity to the
1528:
1397:Another unusual development in
1337:were probably still present on
1299:
494:was named and described by Xu,
484:fossil was documented on film.
429:A manual ungual of the holotype
2217:
2158:
2109:
2073:
2022:
1915:
894:In 2010, a second analysis of
859:In 2007, Xu and team assigned
663:
601:and hindlimbs, including both
1:
3769:Fossil taxa described in 2007
2844:Fleshed-out restoration of a
2733:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.03.004
2693:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105234
2436:10.1080/02724634.2016.1160910
2230:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2016:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.03.007
1829:
1695:climate is also indicated by
1475:As the shape and size of the
341:period. It is known from the
2638:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.12.007
2378:10.1371/journal.pone.0092022
2184:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
1345:and covering the eggs while
921:(D) and other caenagnathoids
7:
1817:
1304:
453:), numerous remains of the
10:
3800:
1967:10.1038/s41598-017-15709-7
1711:development, the numerous
1416:
1361:performed on the holotype
910:was a basal caenagnathid.
372:and ended in a keratinous
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3651:
3612:
3592:
3489:
3438:
3394:
3385:
3333:
3306:
3227:
3218:
3207:
3169:
3117:
3113:
3098:
3079:
3047:
3029:
3020:
3002:
2993:
2975:
2962:
2901:
2846:Gigantoraptor erlianensis
2289:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0
2093:10.1515/9781400836154.67b
1911:Supplementary Information
1200:
1183:
1176:
1159:
1152:
1135:
1128:
1111:
1104:
1084:
1077:
1051:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1003:
996:
979:
972:
955:
948:
658:Gigantoraptor erlianensis
492:Gigantoraptor erlianensis
285:Gigantoraptor erlianensis
279:
272:
140:Scientific classification
138:
126:
117:
23:
2853:6 September 2007 at the
1367:lines of arrested growth
1353:Ontogeny and development
713:
589:, nearly complete right
537:, meaning "seizer". The
2826:(subscription required)
2143:10.1111/2041-210X.12226
1786:. Both Iren Dabasu and
906:(2014), supported that
742:. From a top view, the
597:with a nearly complete
2760:10.1006/cres.1993.1011
2585:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0135
2492:Cite journal requires
1638:
1548:
1429:
1331:temperature regulation
1316:
937:to be a caenagnathid.
922:
823:
723:
676:
642:Bayan Shireh Formation
633:
628:Holotype lower jaw of
518:, is derived from the
430:
3774:Taxa named by Xu Xing
3731:Paleobiology Database
2521:Nature Communications
2457:Simon, D. J. (2014).
2239:10.4202/app.2012.0093
2083:(2010). "Theropods".
2041:10.1515/9780691190594
1646:Iren Dabasu Formation
1621:
1536:
1424:
1359:histological analysis
1312:
916:
821:
721:
671:
627:
613:with a very complete
561:, a partial isolated
439:Iren Dabasu Formation
428:
343:Iren Dabasu Formation
2804:at Wikimedia Commons
2647:on 19 September 2020
1604:incubation behaviour
1600:Macroelongatoolithus
1581:Macroelongatoolithus
1571:Macroelongatoolithus
1565:Macroelongatoolithus
1540:Macroelongatoolithus
1489:non-selective feeder
814:Postcranial skeleton
421:History of discovery
410:Macroelongatoolithus
3779:Feathered dinosaurs
3159:Scansoriopterygidae
2748:Cretaceous Research
2721:Cretaceous Research
2684:2022CrRes.13705234Y
2672:Cretaceous Research
2534:10.1038/ncomms14952
2428:2016JVPal..36E0910F
2336:2010Palgy..53..945L
2281:2013NW....100..165L
2269:Naturwissenschaften
2134:2014MEcEv...5..913C
2004:Cretaceous Research
1958:2017NatSR...716247M
1890:10.1038/nature05849
1882:2007Natur.447..844X
1707:, evidenced in the
788:mandibular fenestra
2859:Julius T. Csotonyi
1946:Scientific Reports
1744:Archaeornithomimus
1670:Bissekty Formation
1644:is known from the
1639:
1629:Archaeornithomimus
1559:, assigned to the
1549:
1430:
1317:
929:below follows the
923:
883:and the lack of a
824:
724:
688:, the holotype of
677:
634:
431:
3746:
3745:
3718:Open Tree of Life
3645:Taxon identifiers
3636:
3635:
3608:
3607:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3381:
3380:
3203:
3202:
3187:Similicaudipteryx
3152:Protarchaeopteryx
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
2798:Media related to
1876:(7146): 844−847.
1654:million years ago
1622:Restoration of a
1460:(and potentially
1343:display behaviour
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1066:
1065:
885:fourth trochanter
563:cervical vertebra
447:Sonid Left Banner
299:
298:
268:
3791:
3739:
3738:
3726:
3725:
3713:
3712:
3700:
3699:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3640:
3639:
3626:
3625:
3603:
3598:
3392:
3391:
3372:Epichirostenotes
3225:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3105:Oviraptorosauria
3100:
3099:
3083:Oviraptorosauria
3049:Oviraptorosauria
3027:
3026:
3000:
2999:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2903:
2902:
2895:Oviraptorosauria
2888:
2881:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2827:
2812:Data related to
2811:
2797:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2640:. Archived from
2623:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2587:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2527:(14952): 14952.
2508:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2464:. Archived from
2463:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2186:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2081:Paul, Gregory S.
2077:
2071:
2070:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1937:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1861:
1749:therizinosaurids
1614:Paleoenvironment
1314:Life restoration
1179:
1178:
1155:
1154:
1131:
1130:
1107:
1106:
1080:
1079:
1038:Epichirostenotes
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
999:
998:
975:
974:
951:
950:
941:
940:
770:
761:
571:caudal vertebrae
567:dorsal vertebrae
545:, refers to the
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
282:
260:
253:
240:
227:
148:
147:
122:
112:
42:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3784:Turonian genera
3749:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3604:
3578:
3485:
3434:
3377:
3329:
3302:
3297:Ojoraptorsaurus
3212:
3210:Caenagnathoidea
3199:
3194:Xingtianosaurus
3165:
3107:
3086:
3063:
3043:
3016:
2989:
2983:Avemetatarsalia
2968:Avemetatarsalia
2958:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2855:Wayback Machine
2825:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2744:
2740:
2713:
2709:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2578:(5): 20180135.
2572:Biology Letters
2564:
2560:
2509:
2505:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2472:
2471:on 15 July 2023
2468:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2422:(4): e1160910.
2408:
2404:
2371:(4): e0125843.
2357:
2353:
2316:
2312:
2265:
2261:
2245:
2244:
2222:
2218:
2177:(6): e1001896.
2163:
2159:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2078:
2074:
2051:
2027:
2023:
2000:
1993:
1938:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1862:
1837:
1832:
1820:
1740:ornithomimosaur
1616:
1531:
1428:of the holotype
1419:
1355:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1067:
873:Oviraptorosaurs
857:
832:prezygapophyses
816:
802:bones with the
780:
779:
778:
777:
773:
772:
771:
763:
762:
716:
666:
433:In a quarry at
423:
339:Late Cretaceous
319:
316:
313:
310:
295:
288:
259:
251:
238:
229:Caenagnathoidea
225:
142:
113:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3727:
3714:
3701:
3688:
3673:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3551:Machairasaurus
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3358:Caenagnathasia
3354:
3347:
3339:
3337:
3335:Caenagnathinae
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3222:
3220:Caenagnathidae
3213:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3155:
3148:
3145:Ningyuansaurus
3141:
3133:
3130:Incisivosaurus
3126:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2841:
2832:
2819:
2818:at Wikispecies
2805:
2789:
2788:External links
2786:
2783:
2782:
2765:
2754:(2): 127−144.
2738:
2727:(4): 699−725.
2707:
2658:
2609:
2558:
2503:
2494:|journal=
2449:
2402:
2351:
2330:(5): 945–960.
2310:
2275:(2): 165−175.
2259:
2216:
2157:
2128:(9): 913−923.
2108:
2101:
2072:
2049:
2021:
1991:
1923:
1914:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1812:xeric habitats
1804:mesic habitats
1783:Gilmoreosaurus
1759:Neimongosaurus
1731:tyrannosauroid
1650:Inner Mongolia
1615:
1612:
1530:
1527:
1502:Euoplocephalus
1418:
1415:
1392:tyrannosaurids
1354:
1351:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:Caenagnathasia
1110:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
978:
973:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
954:
949:
947:
945:Caenagnathidae
939:
900:Caenagnathidae
877:eumaniraptoran
856:
855:Classification
853:
815:
812:
775:
774:
765:
764:
756:
755:
754:
753:
752:
715:
712:
665:
662:
451:Inner Mongolia
422:
419:
347:Inner Mongolia
333:that lived in
328:oviraptorosaur
297:
296:
289:
277:
276:
270:
269:
249:
245:
244:
242:Caenagnathidae
236:
232:
231:
223:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
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187:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
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160:
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154:
150:
149:
136:
135:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3796:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Caenagnathids
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3683:Gigantoraptor
3678:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3653:Gigantoraptor
3650:
3646:
3641:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3602:
3597:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:Jiangxisaurus
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:Ganzhousaurus
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:Corythoraptor
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3440:Oviraptorinae
3437:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Oviraptoridae
3384:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:Leptorhynchos
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:Gigantoraptor
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:Chirostenotes
3244:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3171:Caudipteridae
3168:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2839:Wired Science
2836:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:Gigantoraptor
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:Gigantoraptor
2796:
2792:
2791:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2734:
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2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:Carpenter, K.
2507:
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2324:Palaeontology
2321:
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2168:
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2149:
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2139:
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2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2102:9781400836154
2098:
2094:
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2060:
2056:
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2050:9788416641154
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2025:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
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1951:
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1936:
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1842:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:Gigantoraptor
1797:
1793:
1792:Gigantoraptor
1789:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:hadrosauroids
1770:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:Alectrosaurus
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:Maastrichtian
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:stratigraphic
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Gigantoraptor
1637:
1636:
1635:Alectrosaurus
1631:
1630:
1625:
1624:Gigantoraptor
1620:
1611:
1609:
1608:Gigantoraptor
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1589:Gigantoraptor
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Gigantoraptor
1546:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:Gigantoraptor
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:Gigantoraptor
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Gigantoraptor
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:crushing food
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:Gigantoraptor
1447:
1443:
1442:Gigantoraptor
1439:
1438:Gigantoraptor
1435:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1411:Gigantoraptor
1408:
1404:
1403:Gigantoraptor
1400:
1399:Gigantoraptor
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Gigantoraptor
1380:
1379:lamellar bone
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:Gigantoraptor
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:Gigantoraptor
1315:
1311:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1198:
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1190:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
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1165:
1164:
1163:Leptorhynchos
1157:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:Chirostenotes
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1099:
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1094:
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1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
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1062:
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1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
984:
983:Gigantoraptor
977:
976:
970:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
960:
953:
952:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:Gigantoraptor
932:
928:
920:
919:Gigantoraptor
915:
911:
909:
908:Gigantoraptor
905:
901:
897:
896:Gigantoraptor
892:
890:
889:Gigantoraptor
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:Gigantoraptor
866:
865:Oviraptoridae
862:
861:Gigantoraptor
852:
850:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
820:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
769:
760:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:caenagnathids
733:
729:
720:
711:
709:
708:Gigantoraptor
705:
701:
700:
694:
691:
690:Gigantoraptor
687:
686:
681:
680:Gigantoraptor
674:
673:Gigantoraptor
670:
661:
659:
656:
651:
650:Gigantoraptor
647:
646:Gigantoraptor
643:
639:
631:
630:Gigantoraptor
626:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:specific name
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
516:Gigantoraptor
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
490:
487:In 2007, the
485:
483:
480:
479:Gigantoraptor
476:
475:
474:Albertosaurus
469:
465:
461:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
418:
416:
415:Gigantoraptor
412:
411:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
382:Gigantoraptor
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
353:Gigantoraptor
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
325:
305:
304:
303:Gigantoraptor
293:
287:
286:
278:
275:
271:
266:
263:
258:
257:
256:Gigantoraptor
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
222:Superfamily:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
146:
141:
137:
134:
130:
129:Gigantoraptor
125:
121:
116:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
32:
26:
25:Gigantoraptor
22:
19:
3652:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3508:Conchoraptor
3506:
3498:
3477:
3470:
3464:Huanansaurus
3462:
3454:
3447:
3427:
3422:Tongtianlong
3420:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3370:
3365:Caenagnathus
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3322:
3315:
3308:Elmisaurinae
3295:
3287:
3282:Microvenator
3280:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3081:
2952:Pennaraptora
2947:
2938:
2929:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2814:
2800:
2775:
2768:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2642:the original
2629:
2625:
2612:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2524:
2520:
2506:
2485:cite journal
2473:. Retrieved
2466:the original
2452:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2248:cite journal
2229:
2219:
2174:
2171:PLOS Biology
2170:
2160:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2084:
2075:
2031:
2024:
2007:
2003:
1952:(1): 16247.
1949:
1945:
1917:
1873:
1869:
1799:
1796:caenagnathid
1791:
1788:Bayan Shireh
1781:
1777:Bactrosaurus
1775:
1768:Sonidosaurus
1766:
1757:
1753:Erliansaurus
1751:
1742:
1733:
1728:
1686:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1607:
1599:
1596:egg clutches
1593:
1588:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1552:
1550:
1538:
1529:Reproduction
1514:
1507:hadrosaurids
1500:
1496:
1493:ceratopsians
1484:
1474:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1383:
1375:vascularized
1356:
1338:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1300:Paleobiology
1202:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1161:
1160:
1137:
1136:
1113:
1112:
1101:Elmisaurinae
1088:Caenagnathus
1086:
1085:
1053:
1052:
1036:
1035:
1005:
1004:
982:
981:
980:
959:Microvenator
957:
956:
934:
931:phylogenetic
924:
918:
907:
903:
895:
893:
888:
868:
860:
858:
825:
781:
740:oviraptorids
732:rhamphotheca
725:
707:
697:
695:
689:
683:
679:
678:
672:
657:
649:
645:
638:caenagnathid
635:
629:
554:
542:
534:
526:
522:
515:
512:generic name
500:Wang Jianmin
491:
489:type species
486:
478:
472:
468:Sonidosaurus
467:
459:Sonidosaurus
457:
432:
414:
408:
393:caenagnathid
386:
381:
352:
351:
302:
301:
300:
291:
284:
283:
274:Type species
264:
255:
254:
209:
196:
183:
128:
24:
18:
3677:Wikispecies
3558:Nemegtomaia
3491:Heyuanninae
3351:Apatoraptor
3180:Caudipteryx
3037:Maniraptora
3022:Maniraptora
2475:27 November
2193:10088/25994
2152:10088/25281
2059:j.cdb2hnszb
1720:charophytes
1713:herbivorous
1689:floodplains
1567:carlylensis
1537:Fossilized
1523:carnivorous
1388:growth rate
1326:Caudipteryx
1187:Apatoraptor
828:pleurocoels
699:Caudipteryx
664:Description
549:basin. The
543:erlianensis
529:, meaning "
496:Tan Qingwei
435:Saihangaobi
389:oviraptorid
337:during the
317:giant thief
3753:Categories
3616:See also:
3572:Shixinggia
3523:Gobiraptor
3400:Luoyanggia
3324:Elmisaurus
3254:Eoneophron
3240:Beibeilong
3233:Anomalipes
3058:see below↓
2934:Dinosauria
2925:Sauropsida
2678:. 105234.
1830:References
1701:vegetation
1674:Uzbekistan
1576:Beibeilong
1543:nest from
1481:herbivores
1204:Elmisaurus
845:metatarsus
840:metacarpal
800:surangular
744:symphyseal
593:, partial
504:Zhao Xijin
366:lower jaws
203:Saurischia
190:Dinosauria
3530:Heyuannia
3479:Rinchenia
3472:Oviraptor
3407:Nankangia
3275:Hagryphus
3010:Theropoda
2995:Theropoda
2943:Theropoda
2911:Kingdom:
2702:248351038
2632:: 49−66.
2444:131090028
2305:206871470
2067:198839986
2010:: 60−65.
1724:ostracods
1716:dinosaurs
1693:semi-arid
1678:Campanian
1656:based on
1583:eggs and
1561:oospecies
1545:Zhengzhou
1519:ingestion
1479:in large
1426:Lower jaw
1407:cursorial
1377:layer of
1007:Hagryphus
927:cladogram
796:articular
728:toothless
704:pygostyle
404:herbivore
370:toothless
326:of large
216:Theropoda
163:Kingdom:
157:Eukaryota
3697:52570725
3662:Wikidata
3628:Category
3618:Timeline
3449:Citipati
3414:Nomingia
3289:Nomingia
3123:Avimimus
2919:Chordata
2917:Phylum:
2913:Animalia
2857:Credit:
2851:Archived
2604:29769301
2553:28486442
2397:24647078
2365:PLOS ONE
2297:23314810
2211:24802911
1986:29176627
1898:17565365
1818:See also
1764:sauropod
1709:paleosol
1666:Turonian
1347:brooding
1335:feathers
1305:Feathers
808:fenestra
748:foramina
702:and the
685:Citipati
581:, right
577:, right
573:, right
559:mandible
555:LH V0011
551:holotype
527:gigantis
482:holotype
455:sauropod
400:omnivore
378:feathers
331:dinosaur
235:Family:
177:Chordata
173:Phylum:
167:Animalia
153:Domain:
38:90
3723:4143384
3710:4966283
3668:Q310496
3317:Citipes
2923:Class:
2680:Bibcode
2595:6012691
2544:5477524
2424:Bibcode
2388:3960162
2332:Bibcode
2277:Bibcode
2202:4011683
2130:Bibcode
1977:5701234
1954:Bibcode
1906:6649123
1878:Bibcode
1794:-sized
1705:foliage
1697:caliche
1632:and an
1477:rostrum
1454:dentary
1446:tuatara
1417:Feeding
1371:osteons
881:scapula
863:to the
836:humerus
792:process
784:angular
579:humerus
575:scapula
508:Tan Lin
464:Xu Xing
445:basin,
397:bipedal
322:) is a
311:
248:Genus:
107:↓
3736:103707
3565:Oksoko
3429:Yulong
2830:Nature
2700:
2602:
2592:
2551:
2541:
2442:
2395:
2385:
2303:
2295:
2209:
2199:
2099:
2065:
2057:
2047:
1984:
1974:
1904:
1896:
1870:Nature
1771:, and
1762:, the
1747:, the
1738:, the
1470:tongue
1458:plants
1386:had a
1363:fibula
904:et al.
611:fibula
583:radius
547:Erlian
535:raptor
533:" and
510:. The
443:Erlian
294:, 2007
292:et al.
267:, 2007
265:et al.
3544:Khaan
3500:Banji
2948:Clade
2939:Clade
2930:Clade
2698:S2CID
2651:1 May
2645:(PDF)
2622:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2462:(PDF)
2440:S2CID
2301:S2CID
2063:S2CID
2055:JSTOR
1902:S2CID
1808:giant
1585:nests
782:Both
714:Skull
607:tibia
603:femur
599:pubis
595:ilium
591:manus
531:giant
523:gigas
520:Latin
368:were
362:tibia
358:femur
324:genus
210:Clade
197:Clade
184:Clade
133:Japan
3705:GBIF
3344:Anzu
3035:see
3008:see
2981:see
2653:2020
2600:PMID
2549:PMID
2498:help
2477:2019
2393:PMID
2293:PMID
2254:link
2207:PMID
2097:ISBN
2045:ISBN
1982:PMID
1894:PMID
1780:and
1756:and
1722:and
1703:and
1691:. A
1660:and
1658:U–Pb
1557:eggs
1505:and
1462:meat
1434:jaws
1055:Anzu
925:The
798:and
609:and
587:ulna
585:and
506:and
374:beak
360:and
335:Asia
308:lit.
46:PreꞒ
3692:EoL
3137:Kol
2756:doi
2729:doi
2688:doi
2676:137
2634:doi
2630:154
2590:PMC
2580:doi
2539:PMC
2529:doi
2432:doi
2383:PMC
2373:doi
2340:doi
2285:doi
2273:100
2234:doi
2197:PMC
2189:hdl
2179:doi
2148:hdl
2138:doi
2089:doi
2037:doi
2012:doi
1972:PMC
1962:doi
1886:doi
1874:447
1806:in
1684:).
1672:of
1648:of
1513:of
1511:gut
1436:of
849:pes
655:cf.
615:pes
402:or
345:of
290:Xu
131:in
3755::
3733::
3720::
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1926:^
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