1121:) and a monastery named Galad were first mentioned in 1308 and 1333, respectively, and an Ottoman document from 1579 referred to two villages named Gladeš and a settlement named Kladova. Silviu Oța writes that the theory of a connection between Glad and the name of those settlements is "considerably weak", because neither the origins nor the chronology of those place names have so far been thoroughly studied. Oţa also says, "the historical geography of the Banat is reflected quite accurately in the chronicle", which suggests that Anonymus knew the geographical features of the region, but does not prove that Glad was a real person. According to Györffy and Kordé, Anonymus who invented all local rulers in the
801:
1037:
33:
931:, according to Sălăgean. This theory is not accepted by historian Ioan-Aurel Pop, who writes that it is only an "attractive" scholarly hypothesis which has not been proven. Madgearu says that the Banat, which had been an integral part of Bulgaria since the late 820s, became an independent state under Glad's rule after the death of Simeon I in 927. Pop also says Anonymus's reference to Glad's arrival from Vidin suggest that Glad was either Bulgarian or Romanian, because the
819:
1018:. Vajta returned to Árpád, taking with him the hostages and the booty, while Zovárd and Kadocsa sent an envoy to Árpád to ask permission to invade the Byzantine Empire. Ioan-Aurel Pop writes that Glad must have survived his defeat and recovered at least parts of his duchy in exchange for paying a tribute to the Magyars, because his descendant, Ahtum, ruled the territory some decades later, according to Anonymus. In the words of
997:" where they wanted to cross the river. However, Glad and his large army awaited them on the other bank. A day later, Zovárd "enjoined his brother, Kadocsa, to go lower down with half his army and try to cross in any way in order to attack the enemy", and Kadocsa obeyed this command. Both divisions crossed the river and stormed the enemy camp. In the battle, "two dukes of the Cumans and three
1072:
which was first published in 1746. Anonymus's reference to the Cumans, Bulgarians and Vlachs supporting Glad is one of the key points in the scholarly debate, because the Cumans did not arrive in Europe before the 1050s. Vlad
Georgescu, Victor Spinei, Ioan-Aurel Pop and many other Romanian historians
911:
did not write of the peoples inhabiting Glad's duchy. On the other hand, it stated that Glad commanded "a great army of horsemen and foot soldiers" and his army was "supported by Cumans, Bulgarians and Vlachs". According to Tudor Sălăgean and other
Romanian historians, the list of the peoples
335:
and chronicles, but wrote of a dozen persons, including Glad, who are unknown from other primary sources of the
Hungarian Conquest. Therefore, modern historians debate whether Glad was an actual enemy of the conquerors or only a "fictitious person" made up by Anonymus. In
1112:
who ruled territories inhabited by
Romanians at the time of the Hungarian Conquest. Madgearu and Pop list almost a dozen place-names from the Banat and its wider region which suggest that settlements were named after Glad. For instance, a village named
993:. In the next two weeks, they forced the inhabitants of the region between the Mureș and Someș to yield and to give their sons as hostages. Thereafter, Anonymus continued, the Magyar army marched towards the Timiș and "encamped beside the ford of
880:, also informed the Magyar leaders of the polities among which the territory was divided and their rulers. Among these local rulers, the Rus' prince listed Glad who had "taken possession of the land from the river Mureș up to the castle" of
614:
settled along the Mureș River in Banat soon after their conquest of the
Carpathian Basin in the late 560s. However, most archaeological finds in the lands south of the Mureș that had been attributed to the Avars are dated to the
704:
is the last source which contains contemporaneous information of the eastern regions of the
Carpathian Basin in the 9th century. According to this source, which is actually a list of the tribes inhabiting the lands east of the
1133:. Deletant, Macartney and other scholars also say that Anonymus seems to have borrowed many episodes of his narrative of Glad (including his connection with Vidin) from the story of his alleged descendant, Ahtum, in the
658:, who reigned between around 802 and 814, soon tried to take advantage of the fall of the Avars and invaded former Avar territories, but no contemporaneous report mentioned his conquest in the Carpathian Basin. The
2782:
Opreanu, Coriolan Horaţiu (2005). "The North-Danube
Regions from the Roman Province of Dacia to the Emergence of the Romanian Language (2nd–8th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.).
762:
writes that archaeological research has proven the existence of about 60 settlements in Glad's duchy. Other historians, including Sălăgean and Pop, say that the earth-and-wooden or stone fortresses unearthed at
1385:"From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the period of the Great Migrations (271–896); Transylvania in the period of the Hungarian Conquest and foundation of state; Written and archaeological sources"
731:
and
Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus's report of "great Moravia, the unbaptized", Banat was the center of this early medieval polity, which was annihilated by the conquering Magyars. Archaeologist
2191:
985:, and his chieftains decided to send an army to invade Glad's duchy. They dispatched three commanders—named "Zovárd, Kadocsa, and Vajta"—with the task. The three commanders crossed the Tisza at
2906:
Bakó, Géza (1975). "The relations of the principality of the Banat with the
Hungarians and the Pechenegs in the tenth century". In Constantinescu, Miron; Pascu, Ștefan; Diaconu, Petre (eds.).
927:" and occupied his duchy "with the help of the Cumans". This report, together with Anonymus's reference to the Bulgarians' assistance against the Magyars, suggests that Glad was subjected to
1014:. Zovárd, Kadocsa and Vajta laid siege to Kovin, forcing Glad to surrender it three days later. In short, they also seized Orșova where they lived "for a whole month", according to the
904:", showing that he identified Glad's duchy with the territory that is now known as Banat. Anonymus explicitly referred to Glad as "the prince of that country" in the same chapter.
533:
and the invading
Magyars' other opponents who had been mentioned in works written in earlier centuries. Neither did he refer to the Magyars' fights with the Moravians,
1019:
1435:"From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the period of the Great Migrations (271–896); The period of the Avar rule; Gepidia's destruction, Gepidic traces"
2956:
695:
in 863 and 883, suggesting that they controlled at least the crossing-points across the rivers Mureș and Tisza, according to the historian István Bóna.
920:
writes that Anonymus's reference to the "Cumans" supporting Glad's army shows that Glad sought the Pechenegs' assistance against the invading Magyars.
1011:
868:
gave a short description of the Carpathian Basin to the Magyar commanders before they decided to invade the territory. The princes told them that "
2840:
Sălăgean, Tudor (2005). "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.).
631:
wrote of "three Gepid settlements" which were destroyed by an invading Byzantine army in 599 or 600. A rich burial yielding weapons unearthed at
732:
2991:
112:
2941:
2633:
Deletant, Dennis (1992). "Ethnos and Mythos in the History of Transylvania: the case of the chronicler Anonymus". In Péter, László (ed.).
2434:(Greek text edited by Gyula Moravcsik, English translation b Romillyi J. H. Jenkins) (1967). Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.
2416:(Edited, Translated and Annotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy) (2010). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010);
2966:
755:—also inhabited the Banat in the Early Middle Ages, but those rivers may have received their names only in the 11th and 12th centuries.
340:
historiography, based on the mention by Anonymus some 300 years later, Glad is described as one of the three Romanian dukes who ruled a
1045:
496:
399:
302:
241:
2951:
677:
in 824, complaining "about vicious aggression by the Bulgars" and seeking the emperor's assistance against them, according to the
2908:
Relations Between the Autochthonous Population and the Migratory Populations on the Territory of Romania: A Collection of Studies
215:
2996:
2986:
1599:"From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the period of the Great Migrations (271–896); Southern Transylvania under Bulgar rule"
367:(or Romanians), supported Glad against the invading Magyars, but the latter annihilated their united army in a battle near the
2961:
2981:
2868:
2849:
2811:
2792:
2749:
2661:
2623:
2600:
2541:
2483:
2425:
3006:
2946:
916:(Pechenegs, Avars or Kabars), Bulgarians and Vlachs, or Romanians, inhabited the region in the late 9th century. Historian
719:, or fortified centers, lived along the southernmost parts of the empire's eastern frontiers. Their land also bordered on
122:
2924:
2887:
2830:
2772:
2726:
2705:
2684:
2642:
2579:
2560:
2522:
2497:
2457:
2439:
969:, the Magyars conquered the lands between the Danube and the Tisza, Transylvania, the western regions of present-day
92:
3021:
831:
683:. The Abodrites inhabited the lands along either the Timiș or the Tisza. According to a memorial inscription from
518:
316:
3016:
530:
990:
978:
234:
639:
show that an important center of power existed in Banat in the "Late Avar" period, according to archaeologist
636:
341:
735:
identifies the Merehani with the Abodrites, adding that they were obviously a Slavic tribe. The name of the
464:
in alliance with the Byzantine Empire in 894. In retaliation, the Bulgars entered into an alliance with the
82:
1148:
2861:
The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth century
2823:
Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th Century: The Genesis of the Transylvanian Medieval State
1069:
480:, the Magyars "roamed in the wildernesses of the Pannonians and Avars" before attacking "the lands of the
444:
210:
724:
174:
62:
2492:(An English Translation with Introduction and Notes: Michael and Mary Whitby) (1986). Clarendon Press.
107:
319:
in the second half of the 12th century or in the early 13th century, is the earliest extant Hungarian
3011:
3001:
1135:
953:
943:. In connection with Glad, Anonymus also emphasized that "from his line was born" a chieftain, named
380:
227:
158:
2182:
1090:
1031:
586:
47:
1098:
873:
102:
2351:
148:
1056:
936:
865:
720:
526:
461:
356:
189:
2452:(Translated by Bernhard Walter Scholz with Barbara Rogers); The University of Michigan Press;
1085:
originally dubbed any Turkic tribe. According to other historians, including Dennis Deletant,
853:
506:
932:
679:
628:
179:
1003:
of the Bulgarians were slain" before Glad decided to retreat, but his army was annihilated.
522:
948:
928:
473:
449:
194:
184:
57:
8:
1158:
1086:
849:
772:
700:
688:
611:
545:
and chronicles. On the other hand, Anonymus wrote of local polities and rulers—including
505:, which is the earliest extant Hungarian chronicle. Most scholars agree that a notary of
153:
2738:
2673:
2612:
2589:
Curta, Florin (2001). "Transylvania around A.D. 1000". In Urbańczyk, Przemysław (ed.).
1078:
780:
706:
671:
481:
454:
266:
258:
138:
607:
87:
77:
2920:
2883:
2864:
2845:
2826:
2807:
2788:
2768:
2745:
2722:
2701:
2680:
2657:
2638:
2619:
2596:
2575:
2556:
2537:
2518:
2493:
2479:
2453:
2435:
2421:
2363:
2200:
752:
441:
274:
97:
52:
2844:. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 133–207.
1010:", while the Magyars marched to "the borders of the Bulgarians" and encamped at the
489:
2787:. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 59–132.
1050:
1041:
901:
877:
840:
806:
740:
655:
538:
501:
477:
433:
417:
395:
307:
282:
2715:
Kordé, Zoltán (1994). "Galád". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
67:
1153:
876:" inhabited the territory. In short, Anonymus continued, one of the princes, the
748:
674:
363:" before the arrival of the Magyars. Anonymus wrote that Cumans, Bulgarians, and
2553:
History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness (Translated by James Christian Brown)
2354:[Anonymus on the 9th century Bulgarian princes of the Carpathian basin]
2347:
1126:
1022:, "after Glad submitted to them, he was left as their vassal in his territory".
143:
913:
759:
651:
603:
469:
117:
1598:
1434:
1384:
691:'s attempts to expand his rule in the region in the 820s. The Bulgars invaded
624:
566:
562:
513:
after the king's death. According to an alternative theory, the author of the
368:
2975:
2367:
2204:
940:
917:
900:, Anonymus wrote that Glad "held power from the Mureș River to the castle of
845:
800:
744:
692:
485:
453:
states that the Magyars launched their first military expedition against the
424:
in an attempt to return to their homeland around 837 AD. They dwelled in the
525:
before starting to complete his work around 1150. Anonymus did not write of
974:
784:
687:, a Bulgar military commander, Onegavonais, drowned in the Tisza, implying
640:
554:
421:
72:
32:
2880:
Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365
2572:
Franks, Moravians and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788–907
2478:(Translated and annotated by Simon MacLean); Manchester University Press;
2185:[History of “Délvidék” (South-Hungary) from Glad-country to 1308]
1114:
1094:
599:
1104:
In Romanian historiography, Glad is presented as one of the three local
1036:
982:
409:
2534:
Moravia's History Reconsidered: A Reinterpretation of Medieval Sources
986:
912:
reflects the one-time ethnic composition of the Banat, showing that a
632:
2515:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
2450:
Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories
827:
811:
659:
616:
595:
558:
468:. They jointly invaded the Magyars' lands, forcing them to leave the
465:
429:
337:
320:
2910:. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. pp. 241–248.
2740:
The Medieval Hungarian Historians: A Critical & Analytical Guide
1129:
states that the name was created by the chronicler from the toponym
885:
970:
711:
684:
643:. However, "Late Avar" cemeteries did not survive the 8th century.
2590:
889:
736:
2767:. Romanian Cultural Institute, Center for Transylvanian Studies.
2472:
History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The
1107:
989:
and halted at the Csesztreg River before advancing as far as the
951:
defeated in the first half of the 11th century, according to the
804:
The first page of the sole manuscript preserving the text of the
776:
667:
591:
425:
413:
405:
328:
294:
315:, which was written by an author known in modern scholarship as
2196:
1439:
History of Transylvania, Volume I.: From the Beginnings to 1606
1163:
1130:
893:
818:
647:
620:
574:
550:
542:
534:
437:
364:
360:
332:
298:
1064:
Glad is one of the local rulers who are mentioned only in the
379:, who ruled Banat in the early 11th century, according to the
327:
did not refer to the enemies of the conquering Hungarians (or
2133:
1007:
999:
994:
944:
924:
869:
835:
823:
768:
764:
663:
580:
570:
546:
376:
352:
290:
24:
2825:. Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Fundaţia Culturală Română.
2306:
2304:
1125:
named Glad after the village where the monastery was built.
2352:"Anonymus a 9. századi Kárpát-medence bolgár fejedelmeiről"
1537:
1489:
2414:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
2267:
2265:
2169:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
2057:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1902:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1843:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1790:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1722:
1720:
1718:
838:'s duchy in the map is lesser than it is described in the
2942:
The "Gesta Hungarorum" and the Romanian continuity theory
2328:
2301:
2216:
2214:
2145:
2037:
2035:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1773:
1771:
1525:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1349:
1312:
1310:
1006:
Anonymus writes that Glad took shelter in "the castle of
573:, and Salanus, the Bulgar ruler of the lands between the
1187:
2289:
2262:
2094:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1942:
1824:
1732:
1715:
1669:
1667:
1618:
1616:
1573:
1269:
1267:
2374:
2250:
2226:
2211:
2032:
2003:
1919:
1807:
1768:
1477:
1411:
1361:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1307:
1254:
1252:
1250:
933:
region of that town was densely populated by Romanians
923:
Anonymus wrote that Glad had come "from the castle of
739:
and other rivers implies that a population speaking a
2432:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
2386:
2277:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2084:
2082:
1993:
1991:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1756:
1686:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio
1295:
2316:
2062:
2015:
1876:
1874:
1744:
1703:
1664:
1640:
1628:
1613:
1561:
1513:
1501:
1264:
1235:
822:
Glad's duchy: the map presents the duchies of Glad,
1465:
1322:
1247:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1175:
2737:
2672:
2611:
2106:
2079:
1988:
1961:
1907:
1848:
1652:
1093:, Anonymus's reference to the three peoples is an
787:says that the dating of these sites is uncertain.
577:and the Tisza—unknown from other primary sources.
344:of present-day Romania in the early 10th century.
2238:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2052:
2050:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1871:
1795:
1691:
1077:, as Pechenegs, Avars or Kabars, saying that the
1048:": a map based primarily on the narration of the
2973:
2614:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
1592:
1590:
1588:
1025:
2952:A critical analysis of the theory of continuity
1378:
1376:
1097:, which reflects the ethnic composition of the
619:" period. Written sources show the survival of
488:and Bulgars", according to the contemporaneous
2721:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 229.
2717:Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század)
2157:
2047:
1886:
2947:The Romanians in the work of anonymous notary
2183:"A Délvidék története Glad-országtól 1323-ig"
1585:
725:alternative theory of the location of Moravia
650:launched a series of expeditions against the
561:, the lord of the regions between the rivers
509:, who ruled between 1173 and 1196, wrote the
235:
113:Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
1373:
359:. He occupied Banat with the assistance of "
2476:of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg
623:under Avar rule in the wider region of the
2804:The Mortuary Archaeology of Medieval Banat
2635:Historians and the History of Transylvania
1070:debated the reliability of Anonymus's work
581:Banat on the eve of the Hungarian Conquest
497:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
412:) is connected to their alliance with the
400:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
303:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
242:
228:
2735:
2670:
2271:
2199:: Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására: 39.
1830:
1726:
1081:word that Anonymus translated as "Cuman"
420:prisoners who were planning to cross the
2839:
2758:
2696:Anonymus: Rejtély vagy történeti forrás
2632:
2380:
2310:
2232:
2220:
2151:
2100:
2041:
1955:
1936:
1818:
1777:
1738:
1579:
1543:
1405:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1316:
1035:
960:
817:
799:
627:. For instance, the Byzantine historian
432:. A group of rebellious subjects of the
2781:
2693:
2651:
2512:
2392:
2334:
2283:
2127:
1762:
1646:
1483:
1420:
935:. The name of Glad is most probably of
790:
216:Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic
2974:
2917:Romanians and Romania: A Brief History
2877:
2858:
2569:
2346:
2026:
1673:
1634:
1301:
1273:
1241:
1229:
1193:
1181:
16:Legendary ruler of Banat around 900 AD
2992:Medieval Bulgarian military personnel
2714:
2609:
2588:
2139:
2073:
1750:
1622:
1567:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1471:
1331:
1258:
1217:
795:
654:in 790s, causing its disintegration.
331:), who had been mentioned in earlier
2905:
2574:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2550:
2531:
2505:
2490:The History of Theophylact Simocatta
2295:
1658:
1596:
1460:The History of Theophylact Simocatta
1432:
1382:
541:which had been described in earlier
476:in search of a new homeland. In the
2914:
2820:
2801:
2322:
2256:
2244:
2115:
2088:
2009:
1997:
1982:
1913:
1880:
1865:
1801:
1709:
1697:
1205:
856:which are not mentioned by Anonymus
13:
2898:
2406:
2180:
727:, which is primarily based on the
666:on the Danube as neighbors of the
14:
3033:
2935:
2700:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó.
2595:. Wydawn. DiG. pp. 141–165.
440:, joined them, according to the
1060:("Great Encyclopedia of Pallas")
499:is the principal subject of the
305:around 900 AD, according to the
31:
2679:. Ohio State University Press.
2360:Acta Universitatis Szegediensis
2340:
2174:
1836:
1783:
1679:
1549:
1453:
1426:
1068:. Historians have continuously
531:Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia
2882:. Cambridge University Press.
2842:History of Romania: Compendium
2785:History of Romania: Compendium
2761:The Romanians in the Anonymous
2744:. Cambridge University Press.
2654:A Concise History of Romanians
2618:. Cambridge University Press.
1279:
872:, Bulgarians, Vlachs, and the
123:French administration of Banat
93:Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes
1:
2997:Medieval history of Vojvodina
2987:10th-century Bulgarian people
2919:. Columbia University Press.
1169:
1026:Glad in modern historiography
939:origin, according to Pop and
389:
2982:9th-century Bulgarian people
2759:Madgearu, Alexandru (2005).
2517:. Cornell University Press.
896:. In another chapter of the
7:
3007:Medieval Bulgarian nobility
2637:. Boulder. pp. 67–85.
2592:Europe around the year 1000
2570:Bowlus, Charles R. (1994).
1601:. Columbia University Press
1441:. Columbia University Press
1387:. Columbia University Press
1142:
1054:from the late 19th-century
637:Treasure of Sânnicolau Mare
445:Constantine Porphyrogenitus
428:north and northwest of the
404:The earliest record of the
10:
3038:
2401:
1099:late 13th-century Bulgaria
1073:identify the "Cumans", or
1029:
584:
393:
108:District of Velika Kikinda
2736:Macartney, C. A. (1953).
2418:Anonymus and Master Roger
2192:Közép-Európai Közlemények
1136:Long Life of Saint Gerard
954:Long Life of Saint Gerard
286:
262:
2915:Pop, Ioan Aurel (1999).
2863:. Koninklijke Brill NV.
2821:Pop, Ioan Aurel (1996).
2694:Györffy, György (1988).
2675:The Romanians: A History
2671:Georgescu, Vlad (1991).
2142:, pp. 141–142, 144.
1149:Bulgarian–Hungarian Wars
1091:Carlile Aylmer Macartney
1032:Daco-Romanian continuity
844:; the map also depicts "
587:Banat in the Middle Ages
386:, as Glad's descendant.
175:Banat, Bačka and Baranja
63:Csanád County (medieval)
48:Banat in the Middle Ages
3022:10th century in Romania
2878:Vásáry, István (2005).
2859:Spinei, Victor (2009).
2652:Djuvara, Neagu (2012).
2513:Barford, P. M. (2001).
892:) with the help of the
874:shepherds of the Romans
159:Vest development region
103:Banat Military Frontier
3017:9th century in Romania
2610:Curta, Florin (2006).
1498:, pp. 93–94, 133.
1462:(viii. 3.11.), p. 213.
1061:
857:
815:
527:Svatopluk I of Moravia
517:, who is now known as
381:longer version of the
278:
270:
211:Csongrád-Csanád County
203:Modern Hungarian Banat
190:Central Banat District
2551:Boia, Lucian (2001).
2446:Royal Frankish Annals
1845:(ch. 11.), pp. 32–33.
1597:Bóna, István (2001).
1556:Royal Frankish Annals
1433:Bóna, István (2001).
1383:Bóna, István (2001).
1039:
961:The conquest of Banat
821:
803:
698:Bóna writes that the
680:Royal Frankish Annals
629:Theophylact Simocatta
585:Further information:
394:Further information:
301:) at the time of the
131:Modern Romanian Banat
83:Krassó-Szörény County
2802:Oța, Silviu (2014).
2536:. Martinus Nijhoff.
1534:, pp. 149, 153.
1057:Pallas Nagy Lexikona
949:Stephen I of Hungary
929:Simeon I of Bulgaria
791:Anonymus's narration
474:Carpathian Mountains
460:The Magyars invaded
450:Annals of St. Bertin
195:South Banat District
185:North Banat District
167:Modern Serbian Banat
149:Caraș-Severin County
58:Arad County (former)
2967:Duchy of Glad (map)
2962:Duchy of Glad (map)
2957:Duchy of Glad (map)
2765:: Truth and Fiction
2532:Boba, Imre (1971).
2298:, pp. 124–125.
2259:, pp. 126–127.
2012:, pp. 125–126.
1558:(year 824), p. 116.
1546:, pp. 133–134.
1292:(year 889), p. 205.
1196:, pp. 236–237.
1159:Rulers of Vojvodina
1044:on the eve of the "
830:in accordance with
814:which mentions Glad
783:were Glad's forts.
729:Bavarian Geographer
701:Bavarian Geographer
689:Omurtag of Bulgaria
507:Béla III of Hungary
416:against a group of
289:) was the ruler of
2656:. Cross Meridian.
2337:, pp. 85, 94.
1062:
1046:Hungarian Conquest
979:their supreme head
858:
816:
796:Glad and his duchy
723:. According to an
707:Carolingian Empire
523:Béla II of Hungary
455:Carolingian Empire
88:Eyalet of Temeşvar
2870:978-90-04-17536-5
2851:978-973-7784-12-4
2813:978-90-04-21438-5
2794:978-973-7784-12-4
2751:978-0-521-08051-4
2663:978-1-4781-3204-2
2625:978-0-521-89452-4
2602:978-83-7181-211-8
2543:978-90-247-5041-2
2506:Secondary sources
2484:978-0-7190-7135-5
2468:of Regino of Prüm
2426:978-963-9776-95-1
2325:, pp. 19–20.
2313:, pp. 34–35.
2171:(ch. 44.), p. 97.
2154:, pp. 21–22.
2059:(ch. 11.), p. 33.
1904:(ch. 44.), p. 95.
1712:, pp. 18–19.
1688:(ch. 40), p. 177.
1408:, pp. 72–73.
1358:, pp. 73–74.
1290:of Regino of Prüm
1208:, pp. 56–57.
965:According to the
860:According to the
670:" sent envoys to
610:suggest that the
604:inhumation graves
442:Byzantine Emperor
383:Life of St Gerard
351:, Glad came from
347:According to the
342:historical region
252:
251:
180:Banat (1941–1944)
98:Banat of Temeswar
53:Banate of Severin
3029:
3012:History of Banat
3002:Gesta Hungarorum
2930:
2911:
2893:
2874:
2855:
2836:
2817:
2798:
2778:
2763:Gesta Hungarorum
2755:
2743:
2732:
2711:
2690:
2678:
2667:
2648:
2629:
2617:
2606:
2585:
2566:
2547:
2528:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2357:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2195:(in Hungarian).
2188:
2181:Gulyás, László.
2178:
2172:
2166:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1986:
1980:
1959:
1953:
1940:
1934:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:(ch. 9.), p. 27.
1787:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1320:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1066:Gesta Hungarorum
1051:Gesta Hungarorum
1042:Carpathian Basin
967:Gesta Hungarorum
878:Prince of Halych
862:Gesta Hungarorum
841:Gesta Hungarorum
807:Gesta Hungarorum
709:around 840, the
656:Krum of Bulgaria
502:Gesta Hungarorum
478:Carpathian Basin
434:Khazar Khaganate
396:Gesta Hungarorum
308:Gesta Hungarorum
293:(in present-day
288:
264:
244:
237:
230:
154:Mehedinți County
40:Historical Banat
35:
25:History of Banat
21:
20:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
2972:
2971:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2901:
2899:Further reading
2896:
2890:
2871:
2852:
2833:
2814:
2795:
2775:
2752:
2729:
2708:
2687:
2664:
2645:
2626:
2603:
2582:
2563:
2544:
2525:
2508:
2503:
2409:
2407:Primary sources
2404:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2355:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2063:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1962:
1954:
1943:
1935:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1887:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1323:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1154:Laborec (ruler)
1145:
1034:
1028:
1012:Ponjavica River
963:
834:'s report, but
798:
793:
741:Turkic language
675:Louis the Pious
608:Sânpetru German
589:
583:
402:
392:
248:
78:Torontál County
17:
12:
11:
5:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2937:
2936:External links
2934:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2875:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2837:
2831:
2818:
2812:
2799:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2733:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2668:
2662:
2649:
2643:
2630:
2624:
2607:
2601:
2586:
2580:
2567:
2561:
2548:
2542:
2529:
2523:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2487:
2461:
2443:
2429:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2272:Macartney 1953
2261:
2249:
2237:
2225:
2210:
2173:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2118:, p. 128.
2105:
2103:, p. 126.
2093:
2091:, p. 127.
2078:
2076:, p. 229.
2061:
2046:
2031:
2014:
2002:
2000:, p. 125.
1987:
1985:, p. 122.
1960:
1958:, p. 141.
1941:
1918:
1916:, p. 121.
1906:
1885:
1870:
1868:, p. 123.
1847:
1835:
1831:Macartney 1953
1823:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1767:
1755:
1753:, p. 149.
1743:
1741:, p. 139.
1731:
1727:Georgescu 1991
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1625:, p. 159.
1612:
1584:
1582:, p. 134.
1572:
1570:, p. 153.
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1522:, p. 130.
1512:
1510:, p. 133.
1500:
1488:
1486:, p. 124.
1476:
1464:
1452:
1425:
1423:, p. 123.
1410:
1398:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1321:
1306:
1304:, p. 239.
1294:
1278:
1276:, p. 241.
1263:
1261:, p. 178.
1246:
1244:, p. 236.
1234:
1222:
1220:, p. 123.
1210:
1198:
1186:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1087:György Györffy
1027:
1024:
962:
959:
854:Lower Pannonia
797:
794:
792:
789:
760:Vlad Georgescu
662:who lived in "
652:Avar Khaganate
582:
579:
490:Regino of Prüm
472:and cross the
470:Pontic steppes
391:
388:
250:
249:
247:
246:
239:
232:
224:
221:
220:
219:
218:
213:
205:
204:
200:
199:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
169:
168:
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
133:
132:
128:
127:
126:
125:
120:
118:Banat Republic
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3034:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2926:0-88033-440-1
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2889:0-521-83756-1
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2832:973-577-037-7
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2774:973-7784-01-4
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2730:
2728:963-05-6722-9
2724:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2707:963-05-4868-2
2703:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2686:0-8142-0511-9
2682:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2644:0-88033-229-8
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2581:0-8122-3276-3
2577:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2562:963-9116-96-3
2558:
2555:. CEU Press.
2554:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2524:0-8014-3977-9
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2499:
2498:0-19-822799-X
2495:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:0-472-06186-0
2455:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:0-88402-021-5
2437:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:; CEU Press;
2419:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2395:, p. 85.
2394:
2389:
2383:, p. 83.
2382:
2381:Deletant 1992
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2348:Kristó, Gyula
2343:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2311:Madgearu 2005
2307:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2286:, p. 86.
2285:
2280:
2274:, p. 79.
2273:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2247:, p. 15.
2246:
2241:
2235:, p. 59.
2234:
2233:Madgearu 2005
2229:
2223:, p. 73.
2222:
2221:Deletant 1992
2217:
2215:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:Madgearu 2005
2148:
2141:
2136:
2130:, p. 21.
2129:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:Madgearu 2005
2097:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2044:, p. 34.
2043:
2042:Madgearu 2005
2038:
2036:
2029:, p. 90.
2028:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:Sălăgean 2005
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1939:, p. 33.
1938:
1937:Madgearu 2005
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1883:, p. 20.
1882:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1833:, p. 70.
1832:
1827:
1821:, p. 32.
1820:
1819:Madgearu 2005
1815:
1813:
1811:
1804:, p. 82.
1803:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1780:, p. 45.
1779:
1778:Madgearu 2005
1774:
1772:
1765:, p. 71.
1764:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1739:Sălăgean 2005
1735:
1729:, p. 15.
1728:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1700:, p. 19.
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1676:, p. 11.
1675:
1670:
1668:
1661:, p. 32.
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1637:, p. 57.
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:Sălăgean 2005
1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1544:Sălăgean 2005
1540:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1474:, p. 62.
1473:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:Deletant 1992
1402:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1370:, p. 74.
1369:
1368:Deletant 1992
1364:
1357:
1356:Deletant 1992
1352:
1346:, p. 20.
1345:
1344:Madgearu 2005
1340:
1334:, p. 15.
1333:
1328:
1326:
1319:, p. 72.
1318:
1317:Deletant 1992
1313:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1232:, p. 51.
1231:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1184:, p. 25.
1183:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1020:László Gulyás
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
958:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
941:Neagu Djuvara
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
918:Victor Spinei
915:
914:Turkic people
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
855:
851:
847:
846:Great Moravia
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
813:
809:
808:
802:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
715:, who had 30
714:
713:
708:
703:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
609:
606:unearthed at
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:, had served
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
401:
397:
387:
385:
384:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
256:
245:
240:
238:
233:
231:
226:
225:
223:
222:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
207:
206:
202:
201:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Ținutul Timiș
137:
136:
135:
134:
130:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
68:Csanád County
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
19:
2916:
2907:
2879:
2860:
2841:
2822:
2803:
2784:
2764:
2760:
2739:
2719:
2716:
2698:
2695:
2674:
2653:
2634:
2613:
2591:
2571:
2552:
2533:
2514:
2489:
2475:
2471:
2470:(2009). In:
2467:
2463:
2449:
2448:(1972). In:
2445:
2431:
2417:
2413:
2393:Györffy 1988
2388:
2376:
2359:
2342:
2335:Györffy 1988
2330:
2318:
2291:
2284:Györffy 1988
2279:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2190:
2176:
2168:
2147:
2135:
2128:Djuvara 2012
2123:
2096:
2056:
2005:
1909:
1901:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1763:Györffy 1988
1758:
1746:
1734:
1705:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1654:
1649:, p. 7.
1647:Barford 2001
1642:
1630:
1603:. Retrieved
1575:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1484:Opreanu 2005
1479:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1438:
1428:
1421:Opreanu 2005
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1363:
1351:
1339:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1134:
1127:Gyula Kristó
1122:
1118:
1105:
1103:
1082:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1049:
1015:
1005:
998:
975:Transdanubia
966:
964:
952:
937:South Slavic
922:
908:
906:
897:
881:
866:Rus' princes
861:
859:
852:'s duchy in
839:
805:
785:Florin Curta
781:Vladimirescu
757:
728:
716:
710:
699:
697:
678:
645:
641:Florin Curta
600:spear points
590:
555:Transylvania
514:
510:
500:
494:
459:
448:
422:Lower Danube
403:
382:
372:
348:
346:
324:
312:
306:
254:
253:
144:Timiș County
73:Temes County
18:
2027:Spinei 2009
1674:Bowlus 1994
1635:Spinei 2009
1605:11 November
1445:11 November
1391:12 November
1302:Bowlus 1994
1274:Bowlus 1994
1242:Bowlus 1994
1230:Spinei 2009
1194:Bowlus 1994
1182:Vásáry 2005
1095:anachronism
810:, the only
625:Timiș River
482:Carinthians
436:, known as
369:Timiș River
2976:Categories
2474:Chronicle
2466:Chronicle
2140:Curta 2001
2074:Kordé 1994
1751:Curta 2001
1623:Curta 2006
1568:Curta 2006
1532:Curta 2006
1520:Curta 2006
1508:Curta 2006
1496:Curta 2006
1472:Curta 2006
1332:Curta 2006
1288:Chronicle
1259:Curta 2006
1218:Curta 2006
1170:References
1117:(formerly
1030:See also:
991:Bega River
775:, Orșova,
758:Historian
733:Silviu Oța
596:horse bits
410:Hungarians
390:Background
2806:. Brill.
2368:0324-6965
2296:Boia 2001
2205:1789-6339
1659:Boba 1971
1079:Hungarian
828:Menumorut
812:chronicle
717:civitates
660:Abodrites
617:Late Avar
559:Menumorut
539:Bavarians
486:Moravians
466:Pechenegs
430:Black Sea
418:Byzantine
375:presents
321:chronicle
267:Hungarian
259:Bulgarian
2350:(2001).
2323:Oța 2014
2257:Pop 1996
2245:Pop 1996
2116:Pop 1996
2089:Pop 1996
2010:Pop 1996
1998:Pop 1996
1983:Pop 1996
1914:Pop 1996
1881:Oța 2014
1866:Pop 1996
1802:Pop 1996
1710:Oța 2014
1698:Oța 2014
1206:Pop 1996
1143:See also
1108:voivodes
971:Slovakia
832:Anonymus
753:Pecheneg
721:Bulgaria
712:Merehani
685:Provadia
635:and the
592:Stirrups
553:duke of
519:Anonymus
462:Bulgaria
457:in 861.
357:Bulgaria
338:Romanian
317:Anonymus
275:Romanian
2402:Sources
1119:Galadua
1115:Cladova
987:Kanjiža
977:before
947:, whom
902:Palanka
850:Braslav
777:Pescari
693:Moravia
672:Emperor
668:Bulgars
633:Pančevo
426:steppes
414:Bulgars
406:Magyars
329:Magyars
295:Romania
283:Serbian
2923:
2886:
2867:
2848:
2829:
2810:
2791:
2771:
2748:
2725:
2704:
2683:
2660:
2641:
2622:
2599:
2578:
2559:
2540:
2521:
2496:
2482:
2456:
2438:
2424:
2366:
2362:: 19.
2203:
2197:Szeged
1164:Ghilad
1131:Ghilad
1075:Cumani
1000:kneses
894:Cumans
886:Orşova
848:" and
779:, and
773:Ilidia
749:Bulgar
648:Franks
621:Gepids
575:Danube
549:, the
543:annals
535:Franks
447:. The
438:Kabars
371:. The
365:Vlachs
361:Cumans
333:annals
323:. The
311:. The
299:Serbia
2356:(PDF)
2187:(PDF)
1123:Gesta
1083:(kun)
1016:Gesta
1008:Kovin
995:Foeni
983:Árpád
945:Ahtum
925:Vidin
909:Gesta
898:Gesta
890:Vršac
882:Ursua
870:Slavs
836:Salan
824:Gelou
769:Cenad
765:Bulci
751:, or
737:Karaš
664:Dacia
612:Avars
602:from
571:Tisza
567:Someș
563:Mureș
551:Vlach
547:Gelou
515:Gesta
511:Gesta
377:Ahtum
373:Gesta
353:Vidin
349:Gesta
325:Gesta
313:Gesta
291:Banat
271:Galád
2921:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2808:ISBN
2789:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2639:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2597:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2557:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2494:ISBN
2480:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2436:ISBN
2422:ISBN
2364:ISSN
2201:ISSN
1607:2014
1447:2014
1393:2014
1089:and
1040:The
973:and
907:The
826:and
745:Avar
646:The
598:and
569:and
537:and
495:The
408:(or
398:and
297:and
287:Глад
279:Glad
263:Глад
255:Glad
2464:The
1286:The
888:or
355:in
2978::
2358:.
2303:^
2264:^
2213:^
2189:.
2159:^
2108:^
2081:^
2064:^
2049:^
2034:^
2017:^
1990:^
1963:^
1944:^
1921:^
1888:^
1873:^
1850:^
1809:^
1770:^
1717:^
1666:^
1615:^
1587:^
1437:.
1413:^
1375:^
1324:^
1309:^
1266:^
1249:^
1139:.
1101:.
981:,
957:.
864:,
771:,
767:,
747:,
594:,
565:,
557:,
529:,
492:.
484:,
285::
281:,
277::
273:,
269::
265:,
261::
2929:.
2892:.
2873:.
2854:.
2835:.
2816:.
2797:.
2777:.
2754:.
2731:.
2710:.
2689:.
2666:.
2647:.
2628:.
2605:.
2584:.
2565:.
2546:.
2527:.
2500:.
2486:.
2460:.
2442:.
2428:.
2370:.
2207:.
1609:.
1449:.
1395:.
1110:"
1106:"
884:(
743:—
615:"
257:(
243:e
236:t
229:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
