6385:, which can have glide ratios almost 60 to 1 (60 units of distance forward for each unit of descent) in the best cases, but with 30:1 being considered good performance for general recreational use. Achieving a glider's best L/D in practice requires precise control of airspeed and smooth and restrained operation of the controls to reduce drag from deflected control surfaces. In zero wind conditions, L/D will equal distance traveled divided by altitude lost. Achieving the maximum distance for altitude lost in wind conditions requires further modification of the best airspeed, as does alternating cruising and thermaling. To achieve high speed across country, glider pilots anticipating strong thermals often load their gliders (sailplanes) with
11749:β (OBSS), was a 50-foot (15.24 m) boom carried on board NASA's Space Shuttles. The boom was grappled by the Canadarm and served as an extension of the arm, doubling its length to a combined total of 100 feet (30 m). At the far end of the boom was an instrumentation package of cameras and lasers used to scan the leading edges of the wings, the nose cap, and the crew compartment after each lift-off and before each landing. If flight engineers suspected potential damage to other areas, as evidenced in imagery captured during lift-off or the rendezvous pitch maneuver, then additional regions could be scanned.
11387:β In astrodynamics, orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's true anomaly. Orbital phasing is primarily used in scenarios where a spacecraft in a given orbit must be moved to a different location within the same orbit. The change in position within the orbit is usually defined as the phase angle, Ο, and is the change in true anomaly required between the spacecraft's current position to the final position.
14466:
14427:
14388:
12446:
20605:
20475:
20635:
20625:
20615:
2769:β The total momentum of objects involved in a collision remains constant regardless of friction and permanent deformation that may occur during the collision. The law of conservation of momentum can be used to analyse the interactions between objects, even in the presence of friction and other non-conservative forces. Conservation of momentum is a consequence of Newton's laws of motion.
2322:
gravitational field between closer-to (stronger) and further-from (weaker) the planet can lead to a torque that will tend to align the satellite such that its long axis is vertical. In such a case, it is important to make the distinction between the center-of-gravity and the mass-center. Any horizontal offset between the two will result in an applied torque.
5993:, a body in free fall has no force acting on it. An object in the technical sense of the term "free fall" may not necessarily be falling down in the usual sense of the term. An object moving upwards might not normally be considered to be falling, but if it is subject to only the force of gravity, it is said to be in free fall. The
6345:). The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on Earth's surface, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same position in the sky after a period of one sidereal day. Over the course of a day, the object's position in the sky may remain still or trace out a path,
16555:
Hoover, A. (June 16, 2003). "UF Astronomers: Universe
Slightly Simpler Than Expected". Hubble News Desk. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2011. Based upon: Graham, A. W.; Guzman, R. (2003). "HST Photometry of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in Coma, and an Explanation for the
6393:
means optimum glide ratio at greater airspeed, but at the cost of climbing more slowly in thermals. The maximum L/D is not dependent on weight or wing loading, but with greater wing loading the maximum L/D occurs at a faster airspeed. Also, the faster airspeed means the aircraft will fly at greater
5596:
angle ("beta"). A sideslip angle will arise if an aircraft yaws about its centre of gravity and if the aircraft sideslips bodily, i.e. the centre of gravity moves sideways. These angles are important because they are the principal source of changes in the aerodynamic forces and moments applied to the
3343:
of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz). Line-of-visibility between the aircraft and ground station is required. An interrogator (airborne) initiates an exchange by transmitting a pulse pair, on an assigned βchannelβ, to the transponder ground station. The
2194:
of an immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of the overlying fluid. Thus the pressure at the bottom of a column of fluid is greater than at the top of the column. Similarly, the pressure at the bottom of an object submerged in a fluid is
2321:
due to gravity forces vanishes. Where a gravity field can be considered to be uniform, the mass-center and the center-of-gravity will be the same. However, for satellites in orbit around a planet, in the absence of other torques being applied to a satellite, the slight variation (gradient) in
10341:
comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this
7333:) occur at different speeds; these effects collectively become important around Mach 5β10. The hypersonic regime can also be alternatively defined as speeds where specific heat capacity changes with the temperature of the flow as kinetic energy of the moving object is converted into heat.
5313:. In this cycle, the fuel is used to cool the engine's combustion chamber, picking up heat and changing phase. The now heated and gaseous fuel then powers the turbine that drives the engine's fuel and oxidizer pumps before being injected into the combustion chamber and burned for thrust.
2350:
of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating. The distribution of mass is balanced around the center of mass and the average of the weighted position coordinates of the distributed mass defines its
9702:
must be launched in order to reach its intended target. If the rocket is not launched within a given window, it has to wait for the window on the next day of the period. Launch periods and launch windows are very dependent on both the rocket's capability and the orbit to which it is
871:
purposes. These uses often require exceptional performance, strength or heat resistance, even at the cost of considerable expense in their production or machining. Others are chosen for their long-term reliability in this safety-conscious field, particularly for their resistance to
7900:, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits. The second law helps to establish that when a planet is closer to the Sun, it travels faster. The third law expresses that the farther a planet is from the Sun, the slower its orbital speed, and vice versa.
2931:β is a property of a structure relating to its ability to sustain defects safely until repair can be effected. The approach to engineering design to account for damage tolerance is based on the assumption that flaws can exist in any structure and such flaws propagate with usage.
9455:
3344:
channel assignment specifies the carrier frequency and the spacing between the pulses. After a known delay, the transponder replies by transmitting a pulse pair on a frequency that is offset from the interrogation frequency by 63 MHz and having specified separation.
3264:. Digital DATCOM requires an input file containing a geometric description of an aircraft, and outputs its corresponding dimensionless stability derivatives according to the specified flight conditions. The values obtained can be used to calculate meaningful aspects of
5597:
aircraft. Spacecraft flight dynamics involve three main forces: propulsive (rocket engine), gravitational, and atmospheric resistance. Propulsive force and atmospheric resistance have significantly less influence over a given spacecraft compared to gravitational forces.
10005:
from the tanks into the combustion chamber, which means that the propellants can be kept under low pressure. This permits the use of low-mass propellant tanks that do not need to resist the high pressures needed to store significant amounts of gases, resulting in a low
5131:
4050:
parameters, eccentricity zero (circular orbit) corresponds to a singularity. The magnitude of the eccentricity vector represents the eccentricity of the orbit. Note that the velocity and position vectors need to be relative to the inertial frame of the central
1784:
to command the actuators based on (1) sensor measurements of the current attitude and (2) specification of a desired attitude. The integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called "Guidance, Navigation and
Control"
4897:
1965:
refers to the angle between the craft's forward direction, and the location of another object. For example, an object relative bearing of 0 degrees would be dead ahead; an object relative bearing 180 degrees would be behind. Bearings can be measured in
797:
design of non-habitable and habitable structures and living and working environments in aerospace-related facilities, habitats, and vehicles. These environments include, but are not limited to: science platform aircraft and aircraft-deployable systems;
8162:
In fluid flow around a body with a sharp corner, the Kutta condition refers to the flow pattern in which fluid approaches the corner from above and below, meets at the corner, and then flows away from the body. None of the fluid flows around the sharp
19641:(2013), p. 3. The name "Cavendish gravitational constant", sometimes "NewtonβCavendish gravitational constant", appears to have been common in the 1970s to 1980s, especially in (translations from) Soviet-era Russian literature, e.g. Sagitov (1970 ),
18970:
9664:β (LCS), is short-range, high precision autosynchronous triangulation scanner. The camera uses a laser to measure the distance between itself and points on a target and is able to create a three-dimensional representation of the area it has scanned.
9067:
10708:
stage is attached alongside another stage. The result is effectively two or more rockets stacked on top of or attached next to each other. Two-stage rockets are quite common, but rockets with as many as five separate stages have been successfully
14233:β are large tubes with air blowing through them which are used to replicate the interaction between air and an object flying through the air or moving along the ground. Researchers use wind tunnels to learn more about how an aircraft will fly.
7278:
6837:β A heat shield is designed to protect an object from overheating by dissipating, reflecting, absorbing heat, or simply gradually burn and fall away from the aircraft, pulling the excess heat with it. The term is most often used in reference to
810:
bases; and Earth-based control, experiment, launch, logistics, payload, simulation and test facilities. Earth analogs to space applications may include
Antarctic, desert, high altitude, underground, undersea environments and closed ecological
8099:
can have a single attachment point. A kite may have fixed or moving anchors that can balance the kite. One technical definition is that a kite is βa collection of tether-coupled wing setsβ. The name derives from its resemblance to a hovering
5004:
19645:
30 (1987), Issues 1β6, p. 342 . "Cavendish constant" and "Cavendish gravitational constant" is also used in
Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, "Gravitation", (1973), 1126f. Colloquial use of "Big G", as opposed to
4623:
16991:
Das, K. K., Honnutagi, R., Mullur, L., Reddy, R. C., Das, S., Majid, D. S. A., & Biradar, M. S. (2019). "Heavy metals and low-oxygen microenvironment – its impact on liver metabolism and dietary supplementation". In
6381:, which is the ratio of an (unpowered) aircraft's forward motion to its descent, is (when flown at constant speed) numerically equal to the aircraft's L/D. This is especially of interest in the design and operation of high performance
5196:
of time. More specifically, the equations of motion describe the behavior of a physical system as a set of mathematical functions in terms of dynamic variables. These variables are usually spatial coordinates and time, but may include
14205:β is a mathematical device used when performing a sum, integral, or average to give some elements more "weight" or influence on the result than other elements in the same set. The result of this application of a weight function is a
2955:
than the lower wing, and negative when the lower wing's incidence is greater than that of the upper wing. Positive decalage results in greater lift from the upper wing than the lower wing, the difference increasing with the amount of
11300:). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.
8314:. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. Also, for aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with
5539:
transmit mechanically to the rotor, producing aerodynamic effects on the rotor blades that make the helicopter move in a deliberate way. To tilt forward and back (pitch) or sideways (roll) requires that the controls alter the
6761:
and caused the stars to group together into galaxies, so gravity is responsible for many of the large-scale structures in the
Universe. Gravity has an infinite range, although its effects become weaker as objects get further
8194:
and any two-dimensional bodies including circular cylinders translating into a uniform fluid at a constant speed large enough so that the flow seen in the body-fixed frame is steady and unseparated. The theorem relates the
11899:
of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the lamina about the two axes at right angles to each other, in its own plane intersecting each other at the point where the perpendicular axis passes through
4506:
4077:. This corresponds in general to the fastest and most efficient way to reach the desired target orientation as there is only one acceleration phase and one braking phase for the angular rate. If this fixed axis is not a
5657:. It consists of a closed tube rising from the bottom of the fuel tank. Surrounding the tube is a ring-shaped float, and inside it is a graduated rod indicating fuel capacity. The float and the top of the rod contain
16545:
Uson, J. M.; Boughn, S. P.; Kuhn, J. R. (1990). "The central galaxy in Abell 2029 β An old supergiant". Science. 250 (4980): 539β540. Bibcode:1990Sci...250..539U. doi:10.1126/science.250.4980.539. PMID 17751483. S2CID
18376:
The main relationships comprising the NS equations are the basic conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy. To have a complete equation set we also need an equation of state relating temperature, pressure, and
15524:
2657:
2195:
greater than at the top of the object. This pressure difference results in a net upwards force on the object. The magnitude of that force exerted is proportional to that pressure difference, and (as explained by
15941:
It is interesting to note that there has always been a strong intuitive association of rotary-wing aircraft with low disc loading which is reflected in the commonly accepted name of rotor given to their lifting
5332:, fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads. It is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading. The nominal maximum
1628:. It is equal to the square of the wingspan divided by the wing area. Thus, a long, narrow wing has a high aspect ratio, whereas a short, wide wing has a low aspect ratio. Aspect ratio and other features of the
16556:
Alleged
Structural Dichotomy between Dwarf and Bright Elliptical Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (6): 2936β2950. arXiv:astro-ph/0303391. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.2936G. doi:10.1086/374992. S2CID 13284968.
2785:
that takes an input shaft rotating at a wide range of speeds, delivering this power to an output shaft that rotates at a constant speed, despite the varying input. They are used to drive mechanisms, typically
3638:
1524:). This imparts additional energy to the propellant, so that one can extract more work out of each kilogram of propellant, at the expense of increased power consumption and (usually) higher cost. Also, the
9334:
956:
attached to its tail, then ignited once the carrier aircraft has passed it. It is ignited before it is pointing fully vertically, however it will turn to do so, and accelerates to pass behind the carrier
16526:
Sparke, L. S.; Gallagher, J. S. III (2000). Galaxies in the
Universe: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59740-1. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved July 25,
13998:(m/s or mβ
s). For example, "5 metres per second" is a scalar, whereas "5 metres per second east" is a vector. If there is a change in speed, direction or both, then the object is said to be undergoing an
8718:
2675:
of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. t is also known as reciprocal of bulk modulus(k) of elasticity of a fluid.
13805:
17299:
6357:. A circular geosynchronous orbit has a constant altitude of 35,786 km (22,236 mi), and all geosynchronous orbits share that semi-major axis. A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the
4042:. For Kepler orbits the eccentricity vector is a constant of motion. Its main use is in the analysis of almost circular orbits, as perturbing (non-Keplerian) forces on an actual orbit will cause the
4693:
10657:
to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame with change in time. The branch of physics describing the motion of objects without reference to its cause is
6422:
have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off
1369:
relative to the origin (i.e. in layman's terms: how quickly an object goes around something over a period of time β e.g. how fast the earth orbits the sun). It is measured in angle per unit time,
5025:
19625:(1930), in what is apparently the first use of that term. Use of "Newton's constant" (without specifying "gravitation" or "gravity") is more recent, as "Newton's constant" was also used for the
15212:
13029:
14241:
of aircraft and spacecraft. Some wind tunnels are large enough to contain full-size versions of vehicles. The wind tunnel moves air around an object, making it seem as if the object is flying.
5609:. An FMS is a specialized computer system that automates a wide variety of in-flight tasks, reducing the workload on the flight crew to the point that modern civilian aircraft no longer carry
4358:
13440:
11339:
around a planet. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. To a close approximation, planets and satellites follow
4416:
1961:
refers to the angle between the magnetic North (magnetic bearing) or true North (true bearing) and an object. For example, an object to the East would have an absolute bearing of 90 degrees.
18216:
11116:
3518:
3486:
3454:
1817:. Avionic systems include communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems, and the hundreds of systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions.
9656:, a theoretical runaway cascade of collision events between orbiting objects. Space-based laser broom systems using a laser mounted on a satellite or space station have also been proposed.
3906:β is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.
9326:
1412:'s glossary as "a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere".
17604:
Dr Claude Phipps (2011). "Removing
Orbital Debris with Lasers". Advances in Space Research. 49 (9): 1283β1300. arXiv:1110.3835. Bibcode:2012AdSpR..49.1283P. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.02.003.
14086:. VGs may also be attached to some part of an aerodynamic vehicle such as an aircraft fuselage or a car. When the airfoil or the body is in motion relative to the air, the VG creates a
10552:
4787:
8095:
forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail to guide the face of the kite so the wind can lift it. Some kite designs don't need a bridle;
19498:
7423:
atmospheric density when calculating airspeed. Since the actual density will vary considerably from this assumed value as the aircraft changes altitude, IAS varies considerably from
4825:
1748:; and controlled entry (or reentry) of a spacecraft capable of being navigated or following a predetermined course. Technologies and procedures allowing the controlled atmospheric
9942:; they also must take the shape of their container. It is the fumes of liquid fuels that are flammable instead of the fluid. Most liquid fuels in widespread use are derived from
6466:
anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings can block the relatively weak
18613:
12269:
10273:(the force on a charged particle by an electromagnetic field) to generate thrust. It is sometimes referred to as Lorentz Force Accelerator (LFA) or (mostly in Japan) MPD arcjet.
20671:
4812:
4740:
1321:
representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving. Angle of attack is the angle between the body's reference line and the oncoming flow.
19680:
Scientific, medical, and technical books published in the United States of
America: a selected list of titles in print with annotations: supplement of books published 1945β1948
12124:
9525:
8931:
8054:
7998:, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest. In
2266:, is still used in some modern applications since it does not create obstructions along the length of the cable, avoiding the handling problems of cables groomed by plastic or
16592:(1) "GPS: Global Positioning System (or Navstar Global Positioning System)" Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) Performance Standard, Section B.3, Abbreviations and Acronyms.
14225:. Weight functions can be employed in both discrete and continuous settings. They can be used to construct systems of calculus called "weighted calculus" and "meta-calculus".
9122:
6274:(or preburner) and the resulting hot gas is used to power the propellant pumps before being exhausted overboard, and lost. Because of this loss, this type of engine is termed
5592:
with respect to the local air flow is represented by two critical angles, the angle of attack of the wing ("alpha") and the angle of attack of the vertical tail, known as the
6377:
and control surfaces will also add drag and possibly some lift, it is fair to consider the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) of the aircraft as a whole. As it turns out, the
2077:
based on the premise that it is cheaper to operate large rockets of simple design than it is to operate smaller, more complex ones regardless of the lower payload efficiency.
1797:) is a marine or aircraft radio-navigation instrument that automatically and continuously displays the relative bearing from the ship or aircraft to a suitable radio station.
15528:
9652:. It would heat one side of an object enough to change its orbit and make it hit the atmosphere sooner. Space researchers have proposed that a laser broom may help mitigate
18868:
16162:
14374:
in 1899. In 1911 Orville conducted tests with a much more sophisticated glider. Neither the kite nor any of the gliders were preserved, but replicas of all have been built.
8760:
7185:
6677:
a spacecraft, that is, to increase or decrease its speed or redirect its path. The "assist" is provided by the motion of the gravitating body as it pulls on the spacecraft.
17429:
11227:), first published in 1687. Newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and systems, which laid the foundation for Newtonian mechanics.
8886:
14521:
13566:
9488:
9229:
8455:
8322:
needed to operate from snow/ice/water and skids for vertical operation on land. Faster aircraft have retractable undercarriages, which fold away during flight to reduce
4922:
16536:
Hupp, E.; Roy, S.; Watzke, M. (August 12, 2006). "NASA Finds Direct Proof of Dark Matter". NASA. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2007.
10058:β is a landing technique used by uncrewed space vehicles to safely reach the surface of a celestial body while reducing landing speed by impact with the body's surface.
3388:
acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. This can exist between two fluid layers (or surfaces) or a fluid and a
14506:
12344:
which includes a centerbody or plug around which the working fluid flows. Plug nozzles have applications in aircraft, rockets, and numerous other fluid flow devices.
8571:
3229:
measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are a fundamental tool of
1298:
9152:
8821:
8494:
2597:
16565:
Jarrett, T. H. "Near-Infrared Galaxy
Morphology Atlas". California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
15151:
13514:
13481:
12201:
12174:
9256:
9205:
9178:
8913:
8791:
8385:
7419:. The dynamic pressure includes terms for both density and airspeed. Since the airspeed indicator cannot know the density, it is by design calibrated to assume the
4519:
3823:
3777:
3692:
3666:
2717:β is a diagram showing significant performance parameters for a rotating compressor, and how they vary with changing ambient conditions of pressure and temperature.
2055:
9609:
bodies. Normally, the two objects exert an unbalanced gravitational force at a point, altering the orbit of whatever is at that point. At the Lagrange points, the
5162:
3052:(the deformation energy, in this case, is transferred through work) or a change in temperature (the deformation energy, in this case, is transferred through heat).
8659:
7158:
641:. Aerobraking is used when a spacecraft requires a low orbit after arriving at a body with an atmosphere, and it requires less fuel than does the direct use of a
18101:
16577:
12006:
11474:. There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes, each consisting of a set of six parameters, are commonly used in
10182:, is a proposed transportation system for moving a mechanical climbing vehicle up and down a ribbon-shaped tethered cable that is set between the surface of the
8633:
16373:
Depending on the vehicle's mass distribution, the effects of gravitational force may also be affected by attitude (and vice versa), but to a much lesser extent.
13536:
12026:
11983:
11963:
11943:
11923:
9093:
8611:
8591:
8534:
8514:
8408:
7124:
7094:, the study of fluids in motion. Hydrostatics is a subcategory of fluid statics, which is the study of all fluids, both compressible or incompressible, at rest.
3744:
3718:
10170:. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in the airless vacuum of space, and remains the only crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth.
7958:
that increases the likelihood of further collisions. One implication is that the distribution of debris in orbit could render space activities and the use of
8203:
around the airfoil. The circulation is defined as the line integral around a closed-loop enclosing the airfoil of the component of the velocity of the fluid
1428:
as their power source. There are several designs that attempt to accomplish this goal. The advantage to this class of rocket is that a large fraction of the
17310:
17166:
20829:
20824:
13854:
9958:, which are also categorized as a liquid fuel. Many liquid fuels play a primary role in transportation and the economy. Liquid fuels are contrasted with
20664:
9621:
are needed to maintain the desired orbit. Small objects placed in orbit at Lagrange points are in equilibrium in at least two directions relative to the
5629:) to determine the aircraft's position, the FMS can guide the aircraft along the flight plan. From the cockpit, the FMS is normally controlled through a
7086:
and the pressure in a fluid, or exerted by a fluid, on an immersed body". It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in
597:
forces interacting with surfaces. Noise generation can also be associated with periodically varying flows. A notable example of this phenomenon is the
20786:
20580:
15238:
14532:
13780:β An unidentified flying object is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are
7691:
15219:
14805:
6155:, with its crew, payload, fuel, and equipment housed inside the main wing structure. A flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods,
4433:
19303:
15471:
11550:(i.e. the point where the initial and desired orbits intersect, the line of orbital nodes is defined by the intersection of the two orbital planes).
9895:
7609:. Because of the vastness of those distances, practical interstellar travel based on known physics would need to occur at a high percentage of the
10458:. It depends on the body's mass distribution and the axis chosen, with larger moments requiring more torque to change the body's rate of rotation.
10374:. Sequential firing of a row of electromagnets accelerates the payload along a path. After leaving the path, the payload continues to move due to
19566:
17841:
16596:
13609:
mounted on the surface of the aircraft. The probe is designed to bring the air to rest relative to the aircraft. As the air is brought to rest,
7726:
and development of related technologies. It is one of six government space agencies in the world which possess full launch capabilities, deploy
1191:
or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from large gas bags filled with a
20657:
16743:
16627:
13873:
7483:
at night or in bad weather. In its original form, it allows an aircraft to approach until it is 200 feet (61 m) over the ground, within a
5665:
until the magnets stick, the distance it is withdrawn indicating the level of the fuel. When not in use, the stick is secured within the tube.
11219:
10998:
7415:. It uses the difference between total pressure and static pressure, provided by the system, to either mechanically or electronically measure
20816:
18482:
17143:
17030:
5508:, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight.
1092:, the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, and the necessary operating mechanisms to control an aircraft's direction in flight.
350:. For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of β3 is also 3. The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its
17873:
2745:. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the free-stream flow of the fluid, and the interaction of the fluid (
2693:
is the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or
2606:
2226:, in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes. For aircraft, this air is usually
19800:
18461:
1365:, the angular velocity of a particle is the rate at which it rotates around a chosen center point: that is, the time rate of change of its
717:
flow. Although historical studies have been focused on aeronautical applications, recent research has found applications in fields such as
17079:
18443:
16837:
16475:
15084:
10720:
7395:
uses fuel. For engines whose reaction mass is only the fuel they carry, specific impulse is exactly proportional to exhaust gas velocity.
2238:
tanks. The air is cooled, humidified, and mixed with recirculated air if necessary, before it is distributed to the cabin by one or more
16188:
15497:
3999:. The eccentric anomaly is one of three angular parameters ("anomalies") that define a position along an orbit, the other two being the
18617:
17816:
14648:
13913:
11726:
10941:
A newton is defined as 1 kgβ
m/s, which is the force which gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second, per second.
10266:
9450:{\displaystyle \delta {\cal {S}}\ {\stackrel {\text{def}}{=}}\ {\frac {d}{d\varepsilon }}{\Biggl |}_{\varepsilon =0}{\cal {S}}\left=0.}
7630:
7325:
at which a craft can be said to be flying at hypersonic speed varies, since individual physical changes in the airflow (like molecular
7172:
are hyperbolic, and so the study of hyperbolic equations is of substantial contemporary interest. The model hyperbolic equation is the
4098:
3569:
1513:
18460:
Isaac Newton: "In philosophy particular propositions are inferred from the phenomena and afterwards rendered general by induction": "
10249:
wind, and thus impart momentum to accelerate the spacecraft. A magnetic sail could also thrust directly against planetary and solar
9894:. Only certain lighter than air gases are suitable as lifting gases. Dry air has a density of about 1.29 g/L (gram per liter) at
7537:
around them, despite lacking an object to orbit. While it would use little energy, transport along the network would take a long time.
16088:
Applications of Space Developments: Selected Papers from the XXXI International Astronautical Congress, Tokyo, 21 β 28 September 1980
10964:
952:β is an alternate flight path for a rocket. The rocket's rotation (induced by the deployment from the aircraft) is slowed by a small
19521:
19127:
15857:
10960:
5637:(EFIS), Navigation Display (ND), or Multifunction Display (MFD). The FMS can be summarised as being a dual system consisting of the
19554:
16692:
11611:
11356:
10947:
7913:
7098:
6548:
900:
engines. A vehicle with an aerospike engine uses 25β30% less fuel at low altitudes, where most missions have the greatest need for
19059:
18865:
17361:
Kessler, Donald J.; Cour-Palais, Burton G. (1978). "Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: The Creation of a Debris Belt".
15993:
15769:
Ferdinand Pierre Beer, Elwood Russell Johnston, John T. DeWolf (1992), "Mechanics of Materials". (Book) McGraw-Hill Professional,
11292:. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross-sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (
8668:
20521:
20383:
18791:
16662:
16166:
14527:
14262:
13307:
12868:
6869:, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where
3858:
by raising the test vehicle to a specific altitude and then releasing it. Test flights involving powered aircraft, particularly
2239:
16859:
Hofer, Richard R. (June 2004). Development and Characterization of High-Efficiency, High-Specific Impulse Xenon Hall Thrusters.
16790:
16423:
14034:
is used. Thus, a rheometer can be considered as a special type of viscometer. Viscometers only measure under one flow condition.
1789:
20987:
20921:
17769:
14589:
10933:
9851:
5141:
The quantity in parentheses on the left is the energy in the flow, so the result says that energy declines proportional to the
4153:
3072:
configuration. A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body. A deformation may be caused by
1957:, bearing is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north.
725:. The study of aeroelasticity may be broadly classified into two fields: static aeroelasticity, which deals with the static or
250:(HAAT). In other words, these expressions (AGL, AMSL, HAAT) indicate where the "zero level" or "reference altitude" is located.
3396:, which are nearly independent of velocity, drag forces depend on velocity. Drag force is proportional to the velocity for a
20844:
20839:
19482:
19251:
19224:
19022:
18993:
18964:
18929:
18898:
18850:
18755:
18427:
18400:
18279:
18246:
17407:
17202:
16919:
16297:
16096:
16029:
15839:
15638:
15618:
15409:
15379:
15232:
14972:
14951:
14744:
14713:
14682:
14661:
14538:
10818:. They were developed over several decades of progressively building the theories, from 1822 (Navier) to 1842β1850 (Stokes).
10406:
6579:, it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum tensor (also referred to as the
5126:{\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dt}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}\int _{\Omega }|\mathbf {u} |^{2}\right)=-\nu {\mathcal {E}}(\mathbf {u} )}
4631:
4262:
an arrow". Most aircraft feature an empennage incorporating vertical and horizontal stabilising surfaces which stabilise the
1145:
19257:
19166:
17413:
17208:
15264:
15002:
10971:", as it marked the unification of the previously described phenomena of gravity on Earth with known astronomical behaviors.
7722:
acts as executive of DOS as well. ISRO is the primary agency in India to perform tasks related to space based applications,
3213:
which enables it to remain in controlled flight and resist entering potentially dangerous less-controlled maneuvers such as
20305:
19943:
18779:
16721:
16361:
14622:
11348:
7820:
2355:
2065:
at the radius of the final desired orbit, where a third burn is performed, injecting the spacecraft into the desired orbit.
9997:. This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low. It is also possible to use lightweight centrifugal
4246:, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an
20761:
20716:
15134:
14549:
10894:
and therefore have better analytic properties, at the expense of having less mathematical structure (e.g. they are never
6829:
s) space propulsion technology and has benefited from considerable theoretical and experimental research since the 1960s.
5634:
2754:
14476:
14437:
14398:
12456:
2152:
is the air layer near the ground affected by diurnal heat, moisture or momentum transfer to or from the surface. On an
20946:
20886:
20859:
20590:
20585:
17795:
Sergeyevsky, Andrey (September 15, 1983). Interplanetary Mission Design Handbook, Volume I, Part 2 (Report). NASA JPL.
17508:
A.M. Kuethe and J.D. Schetzer (1959) Foundations of Aerodynamics, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-50952-3
16976:
16882:
16831:
14594:
14579:
7493:
mile (800 m) of the runway. At that point the runway should be visible to the pilot; if it is not, they perform a
6029:, a condition that also occurs when the gravitational field is weak (such as when far away from any source of gravity).
5348:
4328:
19189:
17265:
16574:
13379:
5633:(CDU) which incorporates a small screen and keyboard or touchscreen. The FMS sends the flight plan for display to the
4363:
1925:
that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a
20992:
20811:
20771:
20628:
19531:
19508:
19353:
19289:
19160:
18823:
18730:
18638:
18522:
18501:
18494:
18369:
18315:
17931:
17910:
17527:
17465:
17275:
17241:
17017:
16514:
16229:
16146:
16123:
16053:
15934:
15909:
15774:
15678:
15662:
15440:
15352:
15174:
14789:
11630:
11056:
9870:
is a gas that has a lower density than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result. It is required for
7813:
7420:
6439:
3491:
3459:
3427:
3257:
2952:
2026:. From the initial orbit, a first burn expends delta-v to boost the spacecraft into the first transfer orbit with an
19543:
15673:
Houghton, E. L.; Carpenter, P.W. (2003). Butterworth Heinmann, ed. Aerodynamics for Engineering Students (5th ed.).
14090:, which, by removing some part of the slow-moving boundary layer in contact with the airfoil surface, delays local
11863:
that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid. Parasitic drag is a combination of form drag and
3020:, dead reckoning is the process of calculating one's current position by using a previously determined position, or
20977:
20881:
20799:
20794:
20563:
20558:
19793:
17543:
Liu, L. Q.; Zhu, J. Y.; Wu, J. Z. (2015). "Lift and drag in two-dimensional steady viscous and compressible flow".
14637:
Wyer, S.S., "A treatise on producer-gas and gas-producers", (1906) The Engineering and Mining Journal, London, p.23
14544:
13172:
10883:
9824:
9261:
7505:
6017:, in the absence of any other forces, gravitation acts on each part of the body roughly equally. When there is no
1893:
994:
18935:
18168:
13191:
13180:
10370:
up to high speeds. All existing and contemplated mass drivers use coils of wire energized by electricity to make
7361:
condition, variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during
6881:
6232:
20051:
18950:
16261:
14099:
14050:
to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example,
12356:
10521:
8267:
5934:
4758:
1982:, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in
1077:
17231:
16621:"Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard : 4th Edition, September 2008"
9819:, the energy source powering the craft being external. It was conceptualized by aerospace engineering professor
2411:
through a diffuser. The pressure rise in the impeller is in most cases almost equal to the rise in the diffuser.
20982:
20972:
20098:
19918:
18687:
13781:
11188:. A body continues in its state of rest, or in uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force.
10815:
7882:
6306:
5536:
5493:
807:
14161:, and tends to present itself as a sudden and dramatic increase in drag as the vehicle increases speed to the
12709:, and for possible use in other spacecraft landings, but the idea was dropped from Gemini in 1964 in favor of
11006:"), first published on 5 July 1687. When Newton presented Book 1 of the unpublished text in April 1686 to the
7497:. Bringing the aircraft this close to the runway dramatically improves the weather conditions in which a safe
5014:
In the context of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, enstrophy appears in the following useful result
4892:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}({\boldsymbol {\omega }})\equiv \int _{\Omega }|{\boldsymbol {\omega }}|^{2}\,dx}
1389:). By convention, positive angular velocity indicates counter-clockwise rotation, while negative is clockwise.
20941:
20931:
20756:
20751:
20575:
20300:
20179:
20144:
19621:
by Boys (1894). Use of the term by T.E. Stern (1928) was misquoted as "Newton's constant of gravitation" in
14569:
13987:
11035:
10913:
10803:
10561:
10367:
10257:
9839:
9660:
8388:
8212:
7127:
3973:
383:
16019:
10967:
to the square of the distance between their centers. The publication of the theory has become known as the "
7908:
showed in 1687 that relationships like Kepler's would apply in the Solar System as a consequence of his own
7533:
can be redirected using little or no energy. These points have the peculiar property of allowing objects to
5552:
at different points in the cycle. To increase or decrease overall lift requires that the controls alter the
5205:
which can be any convenient variables characteristic of the physical system. The functions are defined in a
1908:
This stabilizes the ballute as it decelerates through different flow regimes (from supersonic to subsonic).
1676:-rich surfaces similar to comets. As a result, they were often distinguished from objects found in the main
1432:
of a matter/antimatter mixture may be converted to energy, allowing antimatter rockets to have a far higher
258:β describes the water content of air and is expressed in either grams per cubic meter or grams per kilogram.
20806:
20766:
19830:
14809:
13625:
is higher than the static (or ambient) air temperature. Total air temperature is an essential input to an
12388:
11368:
11272:
geometrical shape for optimum performance. For many applications, such a task requires the definition of a
9847:
9828:
8200:
8173:
8148:
7797:
6365:. A satellite in a geostationary orbit remains in the same position in the sky to observers on the surface.
6259:
6124:
5473:. Flaps are used to reduce the take-off distance and the landing distance. Flaps also cause an increase in
3348:
3331:
3304:, such as an airscrew. Airscrews with a relatively low disk loading are typically called rotors, including
3116:
2721:
897:
557:
450:
247:
17664:
17426:
11208:. If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
9062:{\displaystyle {\cal {S}}\,{\stackrel {\text{def}}{=}}\,\int _{t_{1}}^{t_{2}}L(x(t),{\dot {x}}(t),t)\,dt.}
8215:(or Joukowski) who first developed its key ideas in the early 20th century. KuttaβJoukowski theorem is an
7018:(the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating
5745:(the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating
2761:, better solutions can be achieved, and are often required to solve the largest and most complex problems.
2199:) is equivalent to the weight of the fluid that would otherwise occupy the volume of the object, i.e. the
20854:
20849:
20746:
20731:
20378:
20353:
20149:
20088:
19786:
19300:
15475:
14564:
14347:
13745:
12991:
12972:
12308:
stripped (or an extra electron attached) and, thus, an electric charge. It is the most abundant form of
12297:
12215:
10748:
9649:
8182:
8169:
7731:
6463:
6386:
5581:
5336:
values that cause such damage may be much less than the strength of the material typically quoted as the
5244:
4419:
3870:
3226:
3170:
2093:
that is taken from the compressor stage of those engines, which is upstream of the fuel-burning sections.
1765:
1760:
1235:
that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation).
566:
18342:
8199:
generated by an airfoil to the speed of the airfoil through the fluid, the density of the fluid and the
6813:
to limit the electrons' axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the
4795:
4702:
3256:
Stability and Control Digital DATCOM is a computer program that implements the methods contained in the
3185:
shaped in the form of a triangle. It is named for its similarity in shape to the Greek uppercase letter
1900:
burble fence fitted around its widest point. A burble fence is an inflated structure intended to ensure
20906:
20876:
20293:
20288:
19938:
19630:
18956:
18464:", Book 3, General Scholium, at p.392 in Volume 2 of Andrew Motte's English translation published 1729.
16356:
Flightwise - Volume 2 - Aircraft Stability And Control, Chris Carpenter 1997, Airlife Publishing Ltd.,
12076:
11883:
11745:
11607:
11522:
11160:
10630:
10186:"at the bottom" and a docking port suspended tens of thousands of kilometers above in space at the top.
9503:
7954:
is high enough that collisions between objects could cause a cascade in which each collision generates
7909:
7590:
7501:
can be made. Later versions of the system, or "categories", have further reduced the minimum altitudes.
6414:
that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose
6399:
5622:
5516:
4311:
4093:
4078:
2149:
1608:
549:
19682:, Committee on American Scientific and Technical Bibliography National Research Council, 1950, p. 26).
19574:
9098:
8019:
7860:
with elliptical trajectories, and explaining how planetary velocities vary. The three laws state that:
7605:(AU), the distances between stars are typically hundreds of thousands of AU, and usually expressed in
7273:{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial t^{2}}}=c^{2}{\frac {\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}}}
3123:
that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launch from, or landing on a planet or moon, or in-space
847:. It has two major and overlapping branches: Aeronautical engineering and Astronautical Engineering.
561:β The Advanced Space Vision System (also known as the Space Vision System or by its acronym SVS) is a
19993:
19983:
19881:
19861:
19626:
18648:
17848:
16603:
16280:, G.L. Trigg, VHC Publishers, 1991, ISBN (Verlagsgesellschaft) 3-527-26954-1 (VHC Inc.) 0-89573-752-3
16158:
15265:"Operational Notes on Non-Directional Beacons (NDB) and Associated Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)"
14833:"Enhanced aeroelastic energy harvesting by exploiting combined nonlinearities: theory and experiment"
13331:
13013:
12590:
12412:
11875:. Parasitic drag is so named because it is not useful, whereas lift-induced drag is the result of an
11542:
as the plane of the orbit is tipped. This maneuver requires a change in the orbital velocity vector (
8347:
7463:
6722:
6698:
6447:
6430:
4081:
a time varying torque must be applied to force the spacecraft to rotate as desired, though. Also the
3404:. Even though the ultimate cause of a drag is viscous friction, the turbulent drag is independent of
3040:
2791:
2492:
1405:
1100:
729:
response of an elastic body to a fluid flow; and dynamic aeroelasticity, which deals with the body's
206:
17801:
16620:
20741:
20711:
20253:
19903:
19871:
14880:
Ellis, P. D. M. (1994). "Laser palatoplasty for snoring due to palatal flutter: a further report".
14265:
13909:
13838:
13821:
13339:
13225:
11778:
11734:
11483:
10824:
10214:
10031:
10014:
9983:
9970:
8723:
7845:
7362:
7326:
6971:
6583:). The measured value of the constant is known with some certainty to four significant digits. In
6580:
6576:
6443:
6136:. The communications include air traffic control clearances, pilot requests and position reporting.
6113:
5889:
5601:
5509:
4999:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}(\mathbf {u} )\equiv \int _{S}|\nabla \times \mathbf {u} |^{2}\,dS\,.}
3028:
2852:
2782:
2765:
2196:
2141:
1974:
1664:
that did not resemble a planet-like disc and was not observed to have characteristics of an active
1637:
1409:
1093:
502:
438:
387:
19419:
Igal Galili (2001). "Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives".
19284:, page 23. Aviation Publishers Co. Limited, Ottawa Ontario, Twenty Seventh Revised Edition, 1996.
18125:
17139:
17055:
16424:"Fluid Mechanics/Fluid Statics/mentals of Fluid Statics - Wikibooks, open books for an open world"
15886:
15126:
John, R. R., Bennett, S., and Connors, J. P., "Arcjet Engine Performance: Experiment and Theory,"
11379:, provides a more accurate calculation and understanding of the exact mechanics of orbital motion.
7874:
A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
20896:
20871:
20706:
20701:
20491:
20450:
20373:
20333:
20127:
20116:
15156:
NASA Technical note TN D-2868, NASA Lewis Research Center, June 1965 (accessed September 8, 2014)
14516:
13979:
12812:
12556:
12542:
12404:
11701:
10886:
is that NavierβStokes equations take viscosity into account while the Euler equations model only
9906:
9836:
9816:
9676:
parallel to the directrix and passing through a focus; its half-length is the semi-latus rectum (
9637:
9618:
8826:
8080:
7727:
7715:
7699:
7083:
6967:
6838:
6742:
6617:
6109:
5882:
5505:
5481:
5302:
5202:
4126:
3859:
3253:
3056:
2664:
2520:
1942:
1913:
1673:
1129:
1089:
948:
465:, or relay satellite (or, in some cases, for visual sighting). The beginning of a pass is termed
398:
38:
19768:
It was shown separately that separated spherically symmetrical masses attract and are attracted
13547:
13352:
9464:
9210:
8413:
8176:
of the flow around the airfoil must be that value that would cause the Kutta condition to exist.
6346:
5617:. A primary function is in-flight management of the flight plan. Using various sensors (such as
3024:, and advancing that position based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time and course.
2806:. On modern aircraft, the CSD is often combined with a generator into a single unit known as an
1528:
levels available from typically used arcjet engines are very low compared with chemical engines.
521:
as its result. Generally, the action takes different values for different paths. Action has the
20926:
20911:
20368:
20348:
20343:
20328:
20268:
20263:
20122:
20068:
20033:
19978:
19968:
19960:
19933:
19898:
19886:
19876:
19825:
19820:
17796:
17587:
17083:
16482:
15956:; International Civil Aviation Organization; International Standards and Recommended Practices.
15365:
14107:
14095:
13602:
13344:
12748:
12732:
12606:
12501:
12420:
12289:
11490:. A Kepler orbit is an idealized, mathematical approximation of the orbit at a particular time.
11404:
11151:
10852:
10626:
10355:
10206:
9827:
in 1976, who developed the concept further with working prototypes, funded in the 1980s by the
9759:
9736:
9617:
balance each other. This can make Lagrange points an excellent location for satellites, as few
7801:
7087:
6889:
6510:
6378:
6240:
6133:
5830:
5818:
5589:
5560:
by equal amounts at the same time, resulting in ascent, descent, acceleration and deceleration.
5275:
5259:
5226:
5193:
4275:
4121:
3521:
3272:
3173:, determines how much propellant is required for a vehicle of given mass and propulsion system.
2839:
2672:
2371:
2267:
2019:
1629:
974:
852:
789:
379:
18271:
17665:"Impacts of orbital elements of space-based laser station on small scale space debris removal"
17332:
17192:
16813:
16086:
15829:
15550:
15399:
15080:
14705:
14699:
10338:
9934:β Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create
4618:{\displaystyle |\nabla \mathbf {u} |^{2}=\sum _{i,j=1}^{n}\left|\partial _{i}u^{j}\right|^{2}}
1653:
20781:
20721:
20483:
20420:
20390:
20363:
20217:
20207:
20169:
20159:
20073:
20041:
19973:
19908:
19738:
19463:
19086:
18643:
18390:
18357:
18294:
D. G. Andrews and R. Zubrin, "Magnetic Sails and Interstellar Travel", Paper IAF-88-553, 1988
16685:
16196:
16065:
15719:
15501:
14736:
14730:
14574:
14554:
14501:
14222:
14218:
13878:
13713:
13666:
13662:
13597:
13569:
13202:
13166:
13094:
13036:
13021:
13007:
13000:
12996:
12980:
12964:
12948:
12820:
12788:
12772:
12622:
12548:
12329:
12133:
11825:
11800:
11782:
11718:
11567:
11039:
10981:
10968:
10895:
10593:
10290:
10234:
10043:
9919:
9911:
9645:
8547:
8335:
8147:
A body with a sharp trailing edge which is moving through a fluid will create about itself a
7634:
7541:
7131:
7055:
6778:
6754:
6626:
5922:
5686:
5294:
4146:
4102:
4047:
3883:
3875:
3848:
3323:
3163:
3085:
2681:
2560:
2305:
2277:
2145:
1922:
1836:
1560:
1283:
831:
658:
425:
374:
of an object with respect to time. An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all
243:
25:
18915:
18417:
18263:
17820:
16309:
15954:
Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Volume I β Radio Navigation Aids
15878:
11860:
11765:, the osculating orbit of an object in space at a given moment in time is the gravitational
9127:
8796:
8464:
2951:
of the wings in question. Decalage is said to be positive when the upper wing has a higher
2582:
20951:
20936:
20901:
20891:
20736:
20608:
20516:
20511:
20445:
20440:
20415:
20405:
20358:
20278:
20232:
20108:
20046:
19923:
19891:
19428:
19393:
18193:
Sampaio, Jarbas; Wnuk, Edwin; Vilhena de Moraes, Rodolpho; Fernandes, Sandro (2014-01-01).
17997:
17736:
17676:
17627:
17552:
17458:
The Magnificent Book of Kites: Explorations in Design, Construction, Enjoyment & Flight
17370:
16819:
15744:
14943:
14844:
14162:
13737:
13492:
13459:
13157:
13048:
12892:
12646:
12574:
12487:
12396:
12179:
12152:
11391:
10828:
10662:
10443:
10174:
10091:
10062:
9496:
9234:
9183:
9156:
8891:
8769:
8358:
8330:
8219:, but it is a good approximation for real viscous flow in typical aerodynamic applications.
6943:
6773:
6610:
6451:
6354:
6325:
6298:
5990:
5826:
5630:
5222:
5218:
4039:
3942:
3801:
3787:
3784:
3755:
3677:
3644:
3528:
or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the
3316:
3280:. "Anhedral angle" is the name given to negative dihedral angle, that is, when there is a
3205:
3128:
3001:
2916:; that is, which remains unchanged if the stressed object is rotated about some fixed axis.
2787:
2773:
2706:
2285:
2263:
2214:
2200:
2033:
1998:
1949:
1810:
1669:
1366:
1228:
1005:
916:
aircraft that gains its lift through the use of a buoyant gas. Aerostats include unpowered
730:
706:
522:
402:
239:
215:
19152:
16450:
13343:β In physics, Torricelli's equation, or Torricelli's formula, is an equation created by
6821:, and neutralize the ions in the plume. The Hall-effect thruster is classed as a moderate
6749:
of the oceans. The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the
5930:
5147:
3408:. Drag forces always decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's
3097:
2293:
arrangement wherein a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a
1736:. There are two main types of atmospheric entry: uncontrolled entry, such as the entry of
8:
20916:
20866:
20776:
20726:
20618:
20496:
20460:
20455:
20425:
20410:
20338:
20322:
20312:
20237:
20227:
20202:
20174:
20132:
20078:
20058:
20018:
20008:
19948:
19866:
19844:
19384:
19124:
18577:
16657:
15879:
15854:
15066:
14584:
14559:
13956:
13947:
13698:
13658:
12924:
12900:
12876:
12844:
12582:
12566:
12325:
11833:
11774:
11658:
11595:
11494:
11463:
11400:
11352:
11273:
11169:
10993:
10989:
10929:
10811:
10565:
10467:
10382:
10106:
9763:
9555:
8638:
8343:
8279:
8230:
7999:
7849:
7809:
7711:
7573:
7554:
7448:
7428:
7412:
7137:
7043:
6870:
6658:
6654:
6560:
6491:
6411:
6358:
6350:
6338:
6310:
6282:
6264:
6191:
6160:
6148:
6097:
6014:
5970:
5770:
5593:
5585:
5498:
5470:
5433:
5421:
5376:
5307:
5210:
5172:
4752:
4016:
4011:
3917:
3879:
3277:
3261:
3061:
2940:
2913:
2818:
2444:
2439:
2415:
2294:
2061:. At this point a second burn sends the spacecraft into the second elliptical orbit with
1737:
1697:
1537:
1497:
1082:
986:
867:, that have either been developed for, or have come to prominence through, their use for
859:
746:
577:, or on the ISS along with cooperative targets to calculate the 3D position of an object.
498:
20649:
19432:
19397:
19382:
Richard C. Morrison (1999). "Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions".
18542:
18001:
17680:
17663:
Wen, Quan; Yang, Liwei; Zhao, Shanghong; Fang, Yingwu; Wang, Yi; Hou, Rui (2018-02-01).
17631:
17556:
17374:
17194:
Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America
16823:
14857:
14848:
14832:
11988:
8615:
7613:; even so, travel times would be long, at least decades and perhaps millennia or longer.
3048:, deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object due to an applied
1349:βthe total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted on by an external
20638:
20501:
20435:
20430:
20137:
20013:
20003:
19998:
19988:
19913:
19474:
19444:
19063:
17568:
17119:
17038:
16652:
16410:
White, Frank M. (2011). Fluid Mechanics (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-352934-9.
16069:
15997:
15692:
14893:
14862:
14289:
14281:
14142:
14103:
13933:
13761:
13521:
13130:
12011:
11968:
11948:
11928:
11908:
11864:
11813:
11638:
11634:
11507:
11487:
11360:
11249:
11031:
10891:
10860:
10654:
9883:
9541:
9532:
9078:
8596:
8576:
8519:
8499:
8393:
8287:
8057:
7578:
7408:
7399:
7109:
7051:
7039:
6963:
6866:
6568:
6556:
6010:
5986:
5938:
5778:
5766:
5485:β are aerodynamic devices allowing a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight
5450:
5405:
5324:
5283:
5271:
4027:
3729:
3703:
2734:
2705:
forces, directed so as to displace layers of the material parallel to each other. The
2298:
2097:
1633:
1516:, in which an electrical discharge (arc) is created in a flow of propellant (typically
1370:
1204:
961:
917:
873:
490:
462:
367:
298:
235:
18236:
15456:
13936:, and is a function of time. Velocity is equivalent to a specification of an object's
11288:
flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or
11276:
shape that experiences minimal resistance to rapid motion through such a fluid medium.
11196:. A body acted upon by a force moves in such a manner that the time rate of change of
8262:
returns to the ground. When the flying object returns to water, the process is called
2988:
speed in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the heat energy of the flow into
2559:(also known as the coefficient of compressibility or isothermal compressibility) is a
685:. Many aspects and principles of aerodynamics theory are common to these three fields.
20634:
20283:
20189:
20164:
20093:
20083:
19928:
19853:
19527:
19504:
19478:
19349:
19285:
19247:
19220:
19156:
19018:
18989:
18960:
18925:
18894:
18846:
18840:
18819:
18775:
18751:
18726:
18683:
18679:
18518:
18497:
18490:
18423:
18396:
18365:
18311:
18275:
18264:
18242:
18194:
17927:
17906:
17744:
17692:
17645:
17572:
17523:
17461:
17403:
17271:
17237:
17198:
17013:
16972:
16915:
16827:
16786:
16597:"GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (WAAS) PERFORMANCE STANDARD"
16510:
16357:
16293:
16257:
16235:
16225:
16142:
16119:
16092:
16073:
16049:
16025:
15930:
15905:
15835:
15790:"Systems & Control Engineering FAQ | Electrical Engineering and Computer Science"
15770:
15674:
15658:
15634:
15614:
15562:
15436:
15405:
15375:
15348:
15228:
15170:
14947:
14897:
14785:
14740:
14709:
14678:
14657:
14618:
14363:
14269:
14027:
13995:
13968:
13965:
13929:
13893:
13834:
13626:
13618:
13606:
13299:
13241:
13086:
12976:
12852:
12598:
12380:
11888:
11879:
generating lift. Parasitic drag comprises all types of drag except lift-induced drag.
11872:
11837:
11821:
11615:
11582:
11479:
11336:
10836:
10693:
10669:
10414:
10282:
10002:
9935:
9614:
8172:
to calculate the lift created by an airfoil with a sharp trailing edge. The value of
7943:
7723:
7602:
7550:
7337:
7078:
that studies the condition of the equilibrium of a floating body and submerged body "
6894:
6622:
6536:
6495:
6406:
6362:
6244:
6145:
6105:
6006:
5877:
that studies the condition of the equilibrium of a floating body and submerged body "
5822:
5605:β A flight management system (FMS) is a fundamental component of a modern airliner's
5486:
5369:
5329:
5267:
4295:
4065:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3961:
3950:
3340:
3260:
to calculate the static stability, control and dynamic derivative characteristics of
3140:
3120:
3045:
2831:
2698:
2347:
2313:
2255:
2106:
1733:
1712:
1660:. These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the
1416:
1318:
1306:
1216:
1066:
815:
750:
718:
710:
406:
254:
19654:, 1967, p. 436; note use of "Big G's" vs. "little g's" as early as the 1940s of the
19448:
18473:
Proposition 75, Theorem 35: p. 956 β I.Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman, translators:
15016:
14866:
13861:
rocket also became the first artificial object to travel into space by crossing the
12698:. NASA considered Rogallo's flexible wing as an alternative recovery system for the
8270:" as well. A normal aircraft flight would include several parts of flight including
7341:β is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate
3276:β Dihedral angle is the upward angle from horizontal of the wings or tailplane of a
2976:), is a tube that is pinched in the middle, making a carefully balanced, asymmetric
20154:
20063:
19436:
19401:
19096:
18206:
18035:
18005:
17684:
17635:
17560:
17378:
17104:
17047:
16964:
16864:
16383:
16308:
Novi Commentarii academiae scientiarum Petropolitanae 20, 1776, pp. 189β207 (E478)
15395:
14889:
14852:
14763:
14335:
14210:
14138:
14062:
13972:
13941:
13901:
13890:
13862:
13842:
13831:
13784:
as known objects or atmospheric phenomena, while a small number remain unexplained.
13650:
13138:
13062:
12756:
12687:
12348:
12284:
11896:
11753:
11729:
forces, i.e. the deviations of the gravitational force of the Earth from that of a
11714:
11554:
11527:
11515:
11450:
11443:
11233:
11043:
10759:
10572:
10491:
10398:
10246:
10238:
10124:
10083:
10019:
9987:
9858:
9793:
9731:
9673:
9653:
9561:
9550:
8920:
8541:
8152:
7983:
7922:
7719:
7667:
7586:
7566:
7472:
7416:
7376:
7346:
7305:
7295:(with sufficient smoothness properties), then there exists a solution for all time
7023:
6935:
6927:
6900:
6862:
6822:
6730:
6605:. The first implicit measurement with an accuracy within about 1% is attributed to
6544:
6487:
6321:, and so to ground observers it appears motionless, in a fixed position in the sky.
6252:
6044:
5906:
5810:
5750:
5626:
5455:
5413:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5189:
4206:
4168:
4055:
4043:
3934:
3780:
3672:, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity,
3416:
3308:
3166:
3124:
2948:
2927:
2909:
2838:
environments. The discipline of controls overlaps and is usually taught along with
2697:
directed so as to reduce its size in one or more directions. It is contrasted with
2576:
2472:
2404:
2259:
2234:
at the compressor stage, and for spacecraft, it is carried in high-pressure, often
2113:
2069:
2003:
1991:
1769:
1625:
1437:
1357:
1346:
1325:
1310:
1133:
1113:
913:
880:
654:
614:
481:
418:
394:
19324:
14964:
9719:
is its foremost edge and is therefore the part which first meets the oncoming air.
3241:: this measures how quickly the position of the object changes when time advances.
3233:. For example, the derivative of the position of a moving object with respect to
20317:
19696:
19655:
19307:
19241:
19145:
19131:
19014:
18921:
18872:
18444:"Physics: Fundamental Forces and the Synthesis of Theory | Encyclopedia.com"
18076:
17433:
17397:
16968:
16935:
16909:
16764:
16581:
16384:"Fluid | Definition, Models, Newtonian Fluids, Non-Newtonian Fluids, & Facts"
15966:
15861:
15426:
15369:
15271:
15138:
14994:
14359:
14343:
14285:
14201:
14165:. It is the sudden and dramatic rise of wave drag that leads to the concept of a
14091:
13925:
13809:
13729:
13622:
13614:
13070:
12860:
12699:
12679:
12614:
12517:
11722:
11467:
11364:
11320:
11289:
10917:
10832:
10390:
10078:
10047:
9923:
9789:
9774:
8283:
8108:
7951:
7947:
7833:
7750:
7522:
7494:
7288:
and its first time derivative are arbitrarily specified initial data on the line
7075:
6995:
6738:
6606:
6552:
6474:
6395:
6187:
6093:
6074:
5910:
5874:
5785:
5722:
5610:
5564:
5553:
5541:
5287:
5206:
5185:
4263:
4251:
4138:
4134:
4086:
3957:
3891:
3826:
3265:
3073:
3049:
2960:
2896:
2795:
2730:
2552:
2543:
2532:
2504:
2479:
2343:
2318:
2133:
1901:
1772:, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc. Controlling vehicle attitude requires
1577:
1342:
1267:
1248:
1212:
1157:
1121:
1070:
990:
742:
738:
562:
494:
332:
313:
19147:
The Rocket and the Reich: PeenemΓΌnde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era
19038:
18237:
Young, Donald F.; Bruce R. Munson; Theodore H. Okiishi; Wade W. Huebsch (2010).
17688:
17481:
16735:
16717:
16335:
13877:β (VASIMR), is an electrothermal thruster under development for possible use in
13245:β is the maximum velocity (speed) attainable by an object as it falls through a
11446:, but extensions exist for objects following a rosette orbit through the galaxy.
10333:, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a
7892:
The elliptical orbits of planets were indicated by calculations of the orbit of
7792:) is the result of the sideforce-generating surfaces being above (or below) the
7427:(TAS), the relative velocity between the aircraft and the surrounding air mass.
5929:. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both
4063:, the eigenvector slew is a method to calculate a steering correction (called a
3189:(Ξ). Although long studied, it did not find significant applications until the
2281:β the asymmetric curves on the top and bottom, or front and back, of an aerofoil
1780:
to apply the torques needed to re-orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and
16:
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
20273:
20258:
20222:
16277:
15297:
15109:
14652:(8th Edition), Section 12, Psychrometry, Evaporative Cooling and Solids Drying
14293:
14158:
14047:
13975:
13897:
13753:
13610:
13315:
13254:
13196:
13185:
13146:
12940:
12932:
12829:
12703:
12309:
11851:
11770:
11738:
11649:
11420:
11416:
11340:
11165:
11143:
11020:
10856:
10678:
10585:
10218:
10202:
10167:
10087:
9939:
9887:
9755:
9622:
8662:
8537:
8323:
8239:
8113:
8092:
8065:
7987:
7966:
7878:
7793:
7762:
7610:
7432:
7318:
7314:
7161:
7091:
7031:
6931:
6810:
6790:
6758:
6686:
6415:
6334:
6314:
6295:
6236:
6132:
system which provides direct data link communication between the pilot and the
6026:
5858:
5758:
5709:
5474:
5459:
5255:
4501:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}(u):=\int _{\Omega }|\nabla \mathbf {u} |^{2}\,dx}
4299:
4287:
4271:
4267:
3553:
3549:
3540:
drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area.
3525:
3421:
3401:
3377:
3372:
3293:
3245:
3186:
3147:
3021:
3012:
2997:
2989:
2881:
2835:
2742:
2738:
2713:
2548:
2499:, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates. A perfectly collimated
2408:
2388:
2384:
2326:
2219:
2124:
2109:
2090:
2074:
2023:
1979:
1934:
1933:
beam and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to
1853:
1589:
1532:
1467:
1433:
1272:
997:), which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the
770:
758:
754:
702:
689:
682:
673:, particularly with respect to its interaction with a solid object, such as an
634:
458:
262:
19440:
18810:
Paul A. Tipler (1976). "Ch. 12: Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis".
18328:
17640:
17615:
17103:
Interplanetary Flight: an introduction to astronautics. London: Temple Press,
15323:
14916:
11867:. It affects all objects regardless of whether they are capable of generating
10050:
make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.
7164:
can be locally solved for arbitrary initial data along any non-characteristic
2701:
or traction, the application of balanced outward ("pulling") forces; and with
2419:β is the imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an
20966:
19769:
19667:
18303:
17961:
17748:
17696:
17649:
15789:
15566:
15131:
15042:
14354:
14166:
13991:
13705:
13642:
13630:
13355:
along an axis (for example, the x axis) without having a known time interval.
13043:
12916:
12706:
12662:
12638:
12533:
11892:
11841:
11817:
11762:
11730:
11706:
11547:
11511:
11435:
11396:
11383:
11328:
11007:
10904:
10887:
10807:
10741:
10725:
10689:
10576:
10371:
10286:
10270:
10250:
10225:
10210:
10164:
10074:, loiter is the phase of flight consisting of flying over some small region.
10039:
9986:. Liquids are desirable because they have a reasonably high density and high
9979:
9947:
9751:
9686:
8216:
8132:
8121:
7456:
7424:
7388:
7173:
6978:
6950:
6540:
6459:
6271:
6267:
6248:
6203:
6002:
5974:
5946:
5865:
5854:
5694:
5469:
at a given weight. Flaps are usually mounted on the wing trailing edges of a
5437:
4908:
4696:
4024:
3895:
3863:
3791:
3721:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3301:
3250:
3214:
3159:
2860:
2790:, that require a constant input speed. The term is most commonly applied to
2758:
2428:
2251:
2235:
2117:
1888:) is a parachute-like braking device optimized for use at high altitudes and
1684:
1677:
1504:
1453:
1169:
978:
928:
885:
803:
799:
642:
598:
581:
570:
18812:
17711:
17518:
Anderson, J. D. Jr. (1989). "Pressure, Temperature, and Density Altitudes".
17382:
16886:
16868:
16239:
13587:
This equation is valid along any axis on which the acceleration is constant.
2447:
when its external equipment is retracted to minimize drag and thus maximize
473:. The point at which a spacecraft comes closest to a ground observer is the
20400:
19193:
18474:
18023:
Myrabo, Leik N.; Messitt, Donald G.; Mead Jr., Franklin B. (January 1998).
17337:
15650:
14304:
14277:
14254:
14083:
14000:
13846:
13539:
13284:
13210:
13107:
12908:
12710:
12670:
12146:
12137:
11868:
11766:
11622:
11471:
11439:
11427:
11214:
11011:
10985:
10977:
10925:
10642:
10455:
10363:
10359:
10334:
10318:
10298:
10153:
10099:
10054:
9963:
9943:
9747:
9743:
9723:
9707:
9668:
9641:
8294:
8208:
8196:
8187:
8136:
8117:
8088:
7995:
7955:
7905:
7897:
7617:
7598:
7526:
7514:
7358:
7310:
7165:
7062:
7011:
6959:
6854:
6782:
6423:
6419:
6418:
does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although
6390:
6342:
6318:
6224:
6117:
6018:
5846:
5838:
5738:
5690:
5549:
5397:
5353:
5352:β (FEEP), is an advanced electrostatic space propulsion concept, a form of
5250:
5214:
4020:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3946:
3695:
3533:
3397:
3288:
3088:), or changes in temperature, moisture content, or chemical reactions, etc.
2865:
2702:
2496:
2432:
2246:
2058:
1821:
1741:
1729:
1649:
1632:
are often used to predict the aerodynamic efficiency of a wing because the
1042:
1034:
998:
794:
726:
678:
665:
410:
358:
290:
231:
219:
18652:
18211:
16322:
Helicopters and Autogiros: a History of Rotating-Wing and V/STOL Aviation.
14901:
6025:
in orbit) and its surrounding objects, it will result in the sensation of
2507:, would not disperse with distance. Such a beam cannot be created, due to
20685:
20197:
19809:
18588:
18554:
17978:
17564:
16219:
14653:
14511:
14238:
14229:
14182:
14134:
14067:
13291:
13233:
13119:
13115:
12654:
12560:
12491:
12336:
11694:
11642:
11559:
11531:
11238:
10844:
10346:
10314:
10197:
10160:
10095:
10067:
9930:
9914:
engine that attempts to increase its efficiency by gathering part of its
9820:
9778:
9739:
9691:
9629:
9610:
8101:
7781:
7776:
7754:
7646:
7530:
7510:
7440:
7322:
7103:
6987:
6833:
6806:
6467:
6455:
6369:
6199:
6195:
6179:
6140:
6038:
5885:
and the pressure in a fluid, or exerted by a fluid, on an immersed body".
5842:
5718:
5702:
5573:
5429:
5417:
4303:
4114:
3954:
3887:
3336:
3284:
angle from horizontal of the wings or tailplane of a fixed-wing aircraft.
3005:
2877:
2827:
2799:
2508:
2290:
2231:
2086:
1967:
1873:
1841:
1806:
1717:
1613:
1393:
1260:
1192:
889:
836:
765:
698:
649:
610:
605:
594:
518:
434:
282:
267:
34:
20474:
19721:
19716:
18917:
Plasma Physics: An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas
18039:
17051:
15865:
The Distribution of Loads Between the Wings of a Biplane Having Decalage
15169:, Chapter 3, (p.103, eighth edition), Pitman Publishing Limited, London
14465:
14426:
14387:
14296:
on the wing. A high lift-to-drag ratio requires a significantly smaller
12445:
11284:β is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a
7812:, keel effect is one of the four main design considerations in aircraft
5817:
on them. It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including
5428:). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites,
3384:, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a
3193:, when it proved suitable for high-speed subsonic and supersonic flight.
2112:, or else a shorter-burning rocket used in parallel with longer-burning
1156:β is a device which permits the passage of people and objects between a
20212:
19650:" for gravitational acceleration dates to the 1960s (R.W. Fairbridge,
19544:
Smithsonian Air and Space museum collection (click on Long Description)
18164:
17495:
17482:"What is a kite? A kite is ________. Definition of "kite" in the world"
16787:"dict.cc dictionary :: gravitas :: English-Latin translation"
14784:
McGraw Hill Encyclopaedia of Physics (2nd Edition), C.B. Parker, 1994,
14214:
14154:
14150:
14010:
13952:
13886:
13882:
13795:
13674:
13637:
13629:
in order to enable the computation of static air temperature and hence
13123:
13102:
13078:
13054:
13032:
12960:
12956:
12884:
12825:
12796:
12552:
12428:
12364:
11829:
11710:
11686:
11603:
11591:
11575:
11482:. A real orbit and its elements change over time due to gravitational
11344:
11324:
10658:
10610:
10435:
10156:
10007:
9959:
9951:
9899:
9805:
9800:
8303:
8259:
8235:
7745:
7606:
7392:
7330:
6939:
6850:
6845:
6794:
6786:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6602:
5926:
5834:
5645:
5521:
5409:
5263:
4315:
4307:
4060:
3855:
3312:
3305:
3221:
3177:
3077:
3017:
2985:
2803:
2536:
2528:
2500:
2468:
2223:
2007:
1954:
1938:
1889:
1814:
1781:
1721:
1705:
1693:
1425:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1054:
1046:
844:
827:
systems including commercial, private, military, or space applications.
782:
638:
622:
506:
446:
18054:
18024:
13106:β vehicle capable of both atmospheric flight according to the laws of
11781:
were absent. That is, it is the orbit that coincides with the current
11014:
made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him.
7946:
in 1978, is a theoretical scenario in which the density of objects in
7435:. An aircraft's indicated airspeed in knots is typically abbreviated
6559:. In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the
5576:. It is concerned with how forces acting on the vehicle determine its
5568:β is the study of the performance, stability, and control of vehicles
4789:, the enstrophy can be described as the integral of the square of the
3532:
in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less
2709:
of materials and structures is an important engineering consideration.
2652:{\displaystyle \beta =-{\frac {1}{V}}{\frac {\partial V}{\partial p}}}
2297:. The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the
2136:, a boundary layer is an important concept and refers to the layer of
44:
20506:
20023:
19750:
19712:
19405:
19092:
18750:(Eighth ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education. p. 242.
18419:
Symmetries of Nature: A Handbook for Philosophy of Nature and Science
18192:
17982:
15186:
14146:
14129:
14038:
14031:
14019:
13850:
13814:
13721:
13678:
13280:
12764:
12740:
12490:
to detect the distance and rough shape of an object, working even in
12304: – atoms or molecules which have at least one orbital
12206:
then the perpendicular axes theorem provides the useful relationship:
11758:
11713:
at a fixed distance from another spacecraft. It requires a series of
11666:
11475:
11455:
11431:
11372:
11351:. For most situations, orbital motion is adequately approximated by
11269:
11245:
10867:
10864:
10506:
is its velocity (also a vector quantity), then the object's momentum
10306:
10090:
of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an
9998:
9955:
9871:
8238:
designed to soft-land intact or almost undamaged on the surface of a
8120:, that is applicable to solid bodies with sharp corners, such as the
7959:
7857:
7825:
7805:
7707:
7169:
7035:
6974:. The hybrid rocket concept can be traced back to at least the 1930s.
6630:
6533:
6382:
6220:
6207:
6101:
6022:
5794:
5762:
5614:
5279:
5142:
4790:
4282:
4259:
4161:
4142:
4082:
4046:
eccentricity vector to change continuously. For the eccentricity and
4035:
3902:
3894:
and more dense hydrocarbon fuels, like RP, which are all burned with
3844:
3839:
3795:
3405:
2977:
2901:
2686:
2270:
2227:
2160:
2081:
2062:
1926:
1884:
1777:
1593:
1517:
1429:
953:
868:
824:
734:
630:
590:
586:
442:
19468:
Standardization of Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice β
18009:
16476:"An Assessment of Flight Crew Experiences with FANS-1 ATC Data Link"
14071:
10098:
are in LEO, with an altitude never more than about one-third of the
7990:
needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated
6305:(42,164 kilometers in radius from Earth's center) and following the
2159:
the boundary layer is the part of the flow close to the wing, where
1470:
about a larger body, there are two apsides, named with the prefixes
20547:
20537:
20395:
19647:
18205:: Figure 1: Histogram of the mean motion of the cataloged objects.
15633:
Shepard, Dennis G. (1956). Principles of Turbomachinery. McMillan.
15432:
14339:
14079:
13920:
13866:
13690:
13670:
13484:
13348:
13265:
13111:
12968:
12780:
12372:
12313:
12305:
11844:
11786:
11721:
to keep the active craft in the same orbit as its target. For many
11674:
11424:
11376:
11257:
11197:
10952:
10875:
10871:
10840:
10638:
10634:
10606:
10569:
10487:
10462:
10375:
10322:
10302:
10071:
9915:
9891:
9879:
9875:
9809:
8319:
8299:
8255:
8096:
7991:
7589:
in a galaxy. Interstellar travel would be much more difficult than
7476:
7468:
7404:
7027:
6750:
6584:
6572:
6483:
6374:
6152:
6129:
6081:
6033:
5965:
5918:
5754:
5654:
5606:
5577:
5463:
5401:
5385:
5381:
5198:
5181:
4626:
4130:
4031:
3851:
3556:
experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing
3409:
3393:
3381:
3297:
3238:
3230:
3210:
3101:
3032:β is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a
2935:
2873:
2572:
2464:
2448:
2420:
2400:
2392:
2360:
2170:
2153:
2027:
1983:
1918:
1861:
1849:
1845:
1801:
1644:
1621:
1208:
1188:
1161:
1050:
1030:
1013:
937:
933:
908:
893:
848:
840:
820:
778:
674:
618:
574:
532:
371:
351:
211:
30:
16509:, third edition, p. 224. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
15784:
15782:
13986:, being a coherent derived unit whose quantity is measured in the
6498:
in his 1919 publication, "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes".
4141:
and the lift of the wing. The elevators are usually hinged to the
3866:
of the aircraft's rockets after release from its carrier aircraft.
3339:(distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the
20681:
19125:"Long-range" in the context of the time. See NASA history article
18392:
From Paradox to Reality: Our Basic Concepts of the Physical World
14273:
14194:
14178:
14111:
14075:
13568:
is the object's change in position along the x axis, also called
13269:
12509:
11876:
11543:
11316:
11261:
10848:
10753:
10622:
10326:
10294:
9812:
9712:
8311:
8307:
8275:
8271:
8246:
8204:
8191:
8129:
8125:
7971:
7868:
7562:
7498:
6983:
6865:. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to
6681:
6646:
6302:
6228:
6156:
6085:
5978:
5942:
5905:, a force is any influence that, when unopposed, will change the
5902:
5850:
5790:
5714:
5674:
5524:
5361:
5177:
3993:
3965:
3633:{\displaystyle F_{D}\,=\,{\tfrac {1}{2}}\,\rho \,u^{2}\,C_{D}\,A}
3356:
3197:
3190:
3152:
3092:
3081:
2944:
2880:
at which the airflow over some point of the aircraft reaches the
2455:
2431:
and the point on the leading edge where the chord intersects the
2331:
2175:
2129:
2015:
1878:
1868:
1857:
1773:
1764:β is controlling the orientation of an object with respect to an
1600:
1521:
1457:
1402:
1398:
1362:
1330:
1314:
1179:
1152:
1137:
1108:
1058:
1038:
1018:
969:
921:
722:
694:
538:
486:
363:
19500:
The First Systems of Weighted Differential and Integral Calculus
18195:"Resonant Orbital Dynamics in LEO Region: Space Debris in Focus"
17847:. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Oct 29, 2014. Archived from
8888:
describes the time evolution of the given system if and only if
8334:β Introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer
6938:. The Hohmann transfer often uses the lowest possible amount of
4306:
effects in the fluid. It is particularly useful in the study of
4059:β In aerospace engineering, especially those areas dealing with
3552:, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of
19623:
Pure Science Reviewed for Profound and Unsophisticated Students
19617:"Newtonian constant of gravitation" is the name introduced for
17444:
17125:. Published for the American Astronautical Society by Univelt.
15779:
15613:(3rd ed.), Aviation Supplies & Academics, p. 86,
15262:
15210:
14367:
14297:
14173:
14115:
14087:
13905:
13686:
13323:
12717:
12630:
12525:
12341:
11670:
11599:
11412:
11347:
being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by
11332:
11293:
11280:
11265:
11253:
11241:
11173:
10682:
10617:
10602:
10439:
10330:
9902:, and so lighter than air gases have a density lower than this.
9699:
8251:
8077:
7979:
7837:
7758:
7638:
7594:
7518:
7480:
7342:
7047:
7003:
6955:
6858:
6818:
6734:
6718:
6710:
6706:
6650:
6479:
6174:
6120:, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.
5802:
5774:
5730:
5698:
5678:
5658:
5569:
5532:
5389:
5365:
5310:
4106:
4074:
3364:
2993:
2943:
is the angle difference between the upper and lower wings of a
2746:
2694:
2191:
2102:
1941:, whereas a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and
1897:
1896:
in 1958, the original ballute was a cone-shaped balloon with a
1825:β a normal stress parallel to the axis of cylindrical symmetry.
1745:
1725:
1701:
1525:
1421:
1350:
1220:
1199:
1022:
901:
774:
535:
526:
19778:
18102:"Laser-Powered Lightcraft 'At the Cusp of Commercial Reality'"
18034:. 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, NV.
15298:
Development of Ballute / for Retardation of ARCAS Rocketsondes
13853:" and assigned to attack Allied cities as retaliation for the
11871:. Total drag on an aircraft is made up of parasitic drag and
8355:
Lagrangian mechanics defines a mechanical system to be a pair
7357:, affecting a region of the body. Although hypoxia is often a
6104:
attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating
6065:
6059:
5225:
of a system is known, the equations are the solutions for the
4195:
3790:
related to the object's geometry and taking into account both
3162:. It is calculated as the sum of the delta-v required for the
1864:
that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner.
1001:. Movement around this axis is called 'rolling' or 'banking'.
15924:
14258:
14190:
14055:
14051:
14043:
14023:
13937:
13694:
13682:
13654:
13246:
12984:
12833:
12495:
12482:
12067:
respectively. Then the perpendicular axis theorem states that
11682:
11662:
11627:
11571:
11535:
11503:
11499:
11459:
11408:
11311:
11285:
11177:
11027:
10956:
10921:
10646:
10451:
10310:
9634:
9606:
9579:
8010:
7853:
7703:
7558:
7534:
7079:
7019:
6999:
6662:
6330:
6214:
6089:
6062:
5998:
5982:
5897:
5878:
5814:
5798:
5746:
5726:
5669:
5357:
4247:
4192:
4174:
3969:
3930:
3669:
3557:
3389:
3385:
3132:
3033:
2568:
2564:
2515:
2488:
2396:
2364:
2187:
2183:
2163:
2137:
2011:
1987:
1930:
1665:
1581:
1553:
1449:
1444:
1378:
1302:
1224:
1062:
864:
714:
626:
542:
454:
414:
375:
19294:
17080:"The Interplanetary Superhighway; Shane Ross; Virginia Tech"
13971:; both magnitude and direction are needed to define it. The
10042:. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories;
9698:
is the time period on a given day during which a particular
8713:{\displaystyle L:TM\times \mathbb {R} _{t}\to \mathbb {R} ,}
8266:, although it is commonly called "landing", "touchdown" or "
6053:
5512:
are also considered as flight controls as they change speed.
4298:; or, more concretely, the quantity directly related to the
3992:
that defines the position of a body that is moving along an
3335:β (DME), is a radio navigation technology that measures the
1259:, and is used to describe any wind speed instrument used in
1096:
are also considered as flight controls as they change speed.
19746:
19742:
19734:
18891:
Low Temperature Plasma Technology: Methods and Applications
18358:"Continuum Fluid Mechanics and the Navier-Stokes Equations"
17951:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Sections 4.15 & 5.4.
16939:
16292:, L.N. Hand, J.D. Finch, Cambridge University Press, 2008,
14522:
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
14371:
14245:
14234:
13646:
13253:
is the most common example). It occurs when the sum of the
13026:
13004:
12953:
12837:
12683:
12675:
12317:
11832:
about any axis, given the body's moment of inertia about a
11690:
11051:
The equation for universal gravitation thus takes the form:
11023:
10788:
10777:
10736:
10729:
10661:; the branch studying forces and their effect on motion is
10650:
10483:
10447:
10277:
10183:
10133:
9843:
9792:
foil section, with the reference area replaced by the foil
9716:
9567:
8084:
8072:
8003:
7939:
7893:
7682:
7653:
7582:
6915:
6909:
6874:
6746:
6714:
6702:
6641:
is the use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the
6564:
6486:
of a rocket, ascending vertically, and taking into account
6301:
35,786 kilometres (22,236 miles) in altitude above Earth's
6183:
5994:
5914:
5662:
5650:
5466:
5425:
5393:
5282:
linear algebra. Alternative forms were later introduced by
4212:
3938:
3747:
3234:
3182:
2339:
2317:β A body's center of gravity is the point around which the
2218:β is a process in which conditioned air is pumped into the
2156:
1617:
1549:
1462:
1256:
1172:
1141:
1125:
982:
941:
529:
19753:(Russia) are space agencies with full launch capabilities.
19348:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 492, 573.
18489:, by I.Bernard Cohen. University of California Press 1999
17460:. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 18.
14507:
List of aviation, aerospace and aeronautical abbreviations
13669:; hence, a complete trajectory is defined by position and
12690:, invented a self-inflating flexible wing they called the
10625:, motion is the phenomenon in which an object changes its
9585:
8144:
Kuethe and Schetzer state the Kutta condition as follows:
7962:
in specific orbital ranges difficult for many generations.
7521:
for an object to follow. The ITN makes particular use of
4230:
3843:β is a method of testing the in-flight characteristics of
2888:, airflow around the entire aircraft is subsonic. At the
2403:. This kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in
1917:β also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of
661:
to an elliptical orbit around the targeted celestial body.
569:(ISS) assembly. The system uses regular 2D cameras in the
20679:
19652:
The encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences and astrogeology
19633:, but has by now become quite common, e.g. Calmet et al,
18362:
Understanding Aerodynamics: Arguing from the Real Physics
17737:"The Mad Plan to Clean Up Space Junk With a Laser Cannon"
17522:(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 100β103.
17304:
16283:
16224:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 28β29.
16157:
14250:
14141:
on aircraft wings and fuselage, propeller blade tips and
13776:
13250:
12321:
12301:
12140:
to find polar moments of inertia for a variety of shapes.
11678:
11606:. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from
11442:
is a conic section. It is normally used for the isolated
11297:
11248:
section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a
10774:
10765:
10728:
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, replaced by
10242:
9573:
8315:
7841:
7673:
7642:
7007:
6814:
6642:
6502:
5806:
5734:
5682:
5618:
5233:
4418:
which represents a fluid flow, such as a solution to the
4227:
4221:
4183:
4110:
3922:
2981:
2750:
2671:
is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the
2524:
2383:, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing
1661:
1345:. It is an important quantity in physics because it is a
1165:
1026:
757:
is known as aerothermoelasticity, and its synthesis with
670:
18181:
LEO: Mean Motion > 11.25 & Eccentricity < 0.25
18077:"Laser-powered aircraft are the future of flight. Maybe"
17197:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 144β.
12840:)'s surface to its orbit without using external boosters
9773:
is a function of the angle of the body to the flow, its
9540:
Lagrangian mechanics has been extended to allow for non-
6092:. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an
2022:
maneuver. The bi-elliptic transfer consists of two half-
2014:
to another and may, in certain situations, require less
1168:
from it. The lock consists of a small chamber with two
989:. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in
19770:
as if all their mass were concentrated at their centers
18046:
17616:"Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system"
16815:
Discovering the Universe: From the Stars to the Planets
16740:
The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
16406:
16404:
14300:
to propel the wings through the air at sufficient lift.
13605:
is known as total air temperature and is measured by a
13487:
along the x axis on which the acceleration is constant.
12804:
11180:
acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows:
11124:
is the gravitational force acting between two objects,
6877:(Vertical TakeOff and Landing) aircraft cannot perform.
6841:
and to systems for dissipation of heat due to friction.
6673:
and reduce expense. Gravity assistance can be used to
5270:. They can also represent the orientation of a mobile
4688:{\displaystyle |\mathbf {u} |_{H^{1}(\Omega )^{n}}^{2}}
2242:. The cabin pressure is regulated by the outflow valve.
2144:
where the effects of viscosity are significant. In the
1374:
713:
forces that occur when an elastic body is exposed to a
19219:(5. impr. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 12.
18739:
18025:"Ground and flight tests of a laser propelled vehicle"
17191:
Harvey, Brian; Smid, Henk H. F.; Pirard, Theo (2011).
16736:"2022 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation"
14366:
in 1900β1902 as they worked towards achieving powered
10882:. The difference between them and the closely related
10810:
substances, named after French engineer and physicist
9758:
and an associated reference area. A lifting body is a
8022:
7896:. From this, Kepler inferred that other bodies in the
7106:, a hyperbolic partial differential equation of order
6361:, which is a circular geosynchronous orbit in Earth's
6349:, whose precise characteristics depend on the orbit's
6341:
on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one
6239:. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual
3589:
3495:
3463:
3431:
2527:, warms and begins to release gases, a process called
18022:
17905:, page 305. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
17614:
Shen, Shuangyan; Jin, Xing; Hao, Chang (2014-08-01).
16907:
14808:. National Research Council of Canada. Archived from
13550:
13524:
13495:
13462:
13382:
12959:
used between 1981 and 2011, consisting of a reusable
12218:
12182:
12155:
12079:
12028:
axis is perpendicular to the plane of the body. Let
12014:
11991:
11971:
11951:
11931:
11911:
11059:
11042:
of the two masses, and inversely proportional to the
10955:
attracts every other particle in the universe with a
10794:
10791:
10782:
10762:
10524:
10494:
quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. If
9582:
9506:
9467:
9337:
9264:
9237:
9213:
9186:
9159:
9130:
9101:
9081:
8934:
8894:
8829:
8799:
8772:
8726:
8671:
8641:
8618:
8599:
8579:
8550:
8522:
8502:
8467:
8416:
8396:
8361:
7676:
7313:, a hypersonic speed is one that greatly exceeds the
7188:
7140:
7112:
6934:
of different radii around a central body in the same
6918:
6056:
6050:
5150:
5028:
4925:
4828:
4798:
4761:
4705:
4634:
4522:
4436:
4366:
4331:
4224:
4189:
4171:
3804:
3758:
3732:
3706:
3680:
3647:
3572:
3494:
3462:
3430:
2609:
2585:
2036:
1286:
16445:
16443:
16401:
15867:(November 1927), p.18. Retrieved on 9 February 2009.
13951:
to the north). Velocity is a fundamental concept in
11371:, which accounts for gravity as due to curvature of
11268:), an important problem is the determination of the
10785:
10768:
10130:
9576:
9564:
7679:
6329:β (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an Earth-centered
5861:, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion.
4218:
4180:
3392:
surface. Unlike other resistive forces, such as dry
1251:
instrument. The term is derived from the Greek word
1160:
and its surroundings while minimizing the change of
29:, its sub-disciplines, and related fields including
19381:
19214:
19187:
18308:
Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization
16936:"Specific Heat Capacity, Calorically Imperfect Gas"
16418:
16416:
16118:, p. 194. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997.
15796:. Case Western Reserve University. 20 November 2015
15325:
Progress in beamed energy propulsion | Kevin Parkin
14806:"Space Vision System Helps Astronauts See in Space"
14098:, thereby improving the effectiveness of wings and
13819:, "Retribution Weapon 2"), with the technical name
11895:(i.e. 2-D body) about an axis perpendicular to the
11598:to the practical problems concerning the motion of
11434:. The term derives its name from the parameters of
10823:The NavierβStokes equations mathematically express
10771:
10237:which would use a static magnetic field to deflect
10136:
10127:
9570:
8823:Lagrangian mechanics postulates that a smooth path
7670:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6793:. Hall-effect thrusters (based on the discovery by
6047:
4215:
4209:
4186:
4177:
3380:, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of
2980:shape. It is used to accelerate a hot, pressurized
2892:, airflow around the entire aircraft is supersonic.
2834:theory to design systems with desired behaviors in
1700:to the practical problems concerning the motion of
1231:and measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a
1029:. It counters the force of gravity by using either
819:β Aerospace bearings are the bearings installed in
657:used to reduce the velocity of a spacecraft from a
19322:
19215:Barnes, H. A.; Hutton, J. F.; Walters, K. (1989).
19144:
18811:
18578:orbit (astronomy) β Britannica Online Encyclopedia
17360:
17118:
17012:, Section 3.9, Pitman Publishing Limited, London.
16163:"ATA Airline Handbook Chapter 5: How Aircraft Fly"
15657:, Section 5.2, Pitman Publishing Limited, London.
14533:Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination
14362:designed, built and flew a series of three manned
13560:
13530:
13516:is the object's initial velocity along the x axis.
13508:
13475:
13434:
12694:, also known after them as the "Rogallo Wing" and
12263:
12195:
12168:
12118:
12020:
12000:
11977:
11957:
11937:
11917:
11773:or other conic one) that it would have around its
11110:
10653:. The motion of a body is observed by attaching a
10546:
10094:less than 0.25. Most of the artificial objects in
9898:(STP) and an average molecular mass of 28.97
9519:
9482:
9449:
9320:
9250:
9223:
9199:
9172:
9146:
9116:
9087:
9061:
8907:
8880:
8815:
8785:
8754:
8712:
8653:
8627:
8605:
8585:
8565:
8528:
8508:
8488:
8449:
8402:
8379:
8168:The Kutta condition is significant when using the
8048:
7734:and operate large fleets of artificial satellites.
7272:
7152:
7118:
5156:
5125:
4998:
4891:
4806:
4781:
4734:
4687:
4617:
4500:
4410:
4352:
3817:
3771:
3738:
3712:
3686:
3660:
3632:
3512:
3480:
3448:
2651:
2591:
2579:) change. In its simple form, the compressibility
2049:
1852:. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or
1672:were discovered they were typically found to have
1292:
777:capable machines, and the techniques of operating
18799:. FAA. p. Chapter 5, Aerodynamics of flight.
18702:
18241:(5 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 95.
17983:"MHD propulsion by absorption of laser radiation"
16858:
16765:"Section 1: Environment, Chapter 4: Trajectories"
16440:
16337:Aircraft Flight Dynamics (MAE 331) course summary
15918:
15821:
15571:Every lineman should know how to sew these knots.
14284:. The lift a wing generates at a given speed and
11502:around a celestial body. It is expressed as the
10629:. Motion is mathematically described in terms of
10309:is applied. An object's mass also determines the
9388:
8002:, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of
7881:is proportional to the cube of the length of the
7014:(the study of air and other gases in motion) and
6595:. The modern notation of Newton's law involving
6270:. Part of the unburned propellant is burned in a
5741:(the study of air and other gases in motion) and
4353:{\displaystyle \Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
3862:, may be referred to as drop launches due to the
936:'s airframe. This may include all or part of the
769:β is the science or art involved with the study,
737:) response. Aeroelasticity draws on the study of
20964:
19084:
18016:
17190:
16413:
16256:, p. 11, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
16084:
16048:. p. 24, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York,
15827:
13435:{\displaystyle v_{f}^{2}=v_{i}^{2}+2a\Delta x\,}
11614:. Orbital mechanics is a core discipline within
9896:standard conditions for temperature and pressure
9788:refers to the dynamic lift characteristics of a
6514:β The gravitational constant (also known as the
5290:intended for use in aeronautics and engineering.
4411:{\displaystyle u\in H^{1}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})^{n}}
1377:units, and is usually represented by the symbol
417:is equal to the product of the object's mass (a
18977:
18513:Thornton, Stephen T.; Marion, Jerry B. (2004).
17903:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition
17662:
17167:"ISRO on cloud nine as India joins "cryo club""
16254:Applied Analysis of the Navier-Stokes Equations
16181:
16116:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition
16046:Aerodynamics, Aeronautics, and Flight Mechanics
16021:Fluid Mechanics (A short course for physicists)
15720:"Coefficient of compressibility - AMS Glossary"
15522:
14987:
14026:. For liquids with viscosities which vary with
13542:along the x axis, which is given as a constant.
12486:β system using the reflection from transmitted
11111:{\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}},}
11019:In today's language, the law states that every
7130:(PDE) that, roughly speaking, has a well-posed
5661:. The rod is withdrawn from the bottom of the
5548:during rotation, creating differing amounts of
5531:to achieve and maintain controlled aerodynamic
4038:and with magnitude equal to the orbit's scalar
3513:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle C_{\mathrm {w} }\,}
3481:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle C_{\mathrm {x} }\,}
3449:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle C_{\mathrm {d} }\,}
2258:, naval, and aerospace applications. This old
1552:is swept out by a particle as it moves along a
1496: 'away from') added to a reference to the
19639:Beyond Standard Model Phenomenology at the LHC
19497:Jane Grossman, Michael Grossman, Robert Katz.
19181:
18809:
18512:
18388:
17263:
16958:
16812:Comins, Neil F.; Kaufmann, William J. (2008).
16811:
16757:
16078:
14965:"Aircraft - Define Aircraft at Dictionary.com"
14334:) made the first sustained flight by a manned
14221:, and are closely related to the concept of a
13874:Variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket
11213:The three laws of motion were first stated by
10744:National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
9694:, launch period is the collection of days and
8087:surfaces that react against the air to create
7836:between 1609 and 1619, describe the orbits of
7577:β refers to the currently theoretical idea of
7431:(CAS) is the IAS corrected for instrument and
6482:, the Goddard problem is to optimize the peak
6227:with just a few hundred million (10) stars to
4625:. This is quantity is the same as the squared
4360:and a once-weakly differentiable vector field
3960:, warming the surface through heat retention (
3296:, disk loading or disc loading is the average
20665:
19794:
19608:are used somewhat interchangeably in sources.
19078:
19008:
18942:
18483:Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
18415:
17300:"Scientist: Space weapons pose debris threat"
17223:
17164:
17132:
17022:
15876:
15388:
12760:β A quantity with magnitude but no direction.
11225:Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
9321:{\displaystyle \delta :\to \mathbb {R} ^{n},}
7475:system that provides short-range guidance to
6563:between two bodies with the product of their
3964:), and reducing temperature extremes between
3424:, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as:
2947:, i.e. the acute angle contained between the
1456:. The word comes via Latin from Greek and is
19318:
19316:
19062:. NASA Glenn Research Center. Archived from
18986:Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction
18882:
18716:
18714:
18395:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 28β.
18230:
17977:
17971:
16267:
16017:
15464:
15321:
14617:. UK Civil Aviation Authority. 28 May 2015.
14342:βon 17 December 1903. Invented and flown by
11562:, an orbital maneuver (otherwise known as a
11411:around another body deviates from a perfect
10814:and Anglo-Irish physicist and mathematician
10704:stage is mounted on top of another stage; a
10034:). They can consist of a single chemical (a
9946:; however, there are several types, such as
7010:. It has several subdisciplines, including
6781:, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of
6317:equal to the Earth's rotational period, one
5737:. It has several subdisciplines, including
5416:mounted on a spinning shaft or "mast"), and
2463:, is the area, usually near the front of an
1195:that is less dense than the surrounding air.
601:produced by wind blowing over fixed objects.
19464:"The weight of mass and the mess of weight"
19418:
19276:
19274:
18589:The Space Place :: What's a Barycenter
18515:Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems
18148:
17356:
17354:
16911:Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century
16728:
16715:
16133:
16131:
15929:. New York: Dover Publications. p. 3.
15543:
13617:. The air is compressed and experiences an
13283:on the object is zero, the object has zero
11220:Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
11172:that describe the relationship between the
10999:Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
10547:{\displaystyle \mathbf {p} =m\mathbf {v} .}
10086:close to the planet, often specified as an
7471:, the instrument landing system (ILS) is a
7349:level. Hypoxia may be classified as either
6108:. The fuselage also serves to position the
5274:in physics or the orientation of a general
4782:{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {u} =0}
2741:to analyze and solve problems that involve
2105:(or engine) is either the first stage of a
1848:, which remains aloft or floats due to its
1175:in series which do not open simultaneously.
851:engineering is similar, but deals with the
613:maneuver that reduces the high point of an
238:. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation
37:. For a broad overview of engineering, see
20672:
20658:
19801:
19787:
19421:International Journal of Science Education
18983:
18793:Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
18531:
17794:
17613:
17267:Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
17004:
17002:
16885:. Encyclopedia Astronautix. Archived from
15881:The non-linear field theories of mechanics
15428:Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
15358:
15295:
15221:Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
15132:http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/3.2103
14370:. They also made preliminary tests with a
14074:usually attached to a lifting surface (or
13621:increase in temperature. Therefore, total
12296: 'moldable substance') is one of the
11034:intersecting the two points. The force is
10267:electrically powered spacecraft propulsion
9831:organization, and the decade after by the
9762:or a complete foil-bearing body such as a
6398:and this will usually bring about a lower
4310:, and is often identified in the study of
3921:β The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of
1514:electrically powered spacecraft propulsion
701:that studies the interactions between the
517:, of the system as its argument and has a
19695:indirectly, by reporting a value for the
19571:Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
19375:
19313:
19192:. Ad Astra Rocket Company. Archived from
19002:
18907:
18711:
18517:(5th ed.). Brooke Cole. p. 49.
18506:
18364:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 13β78.
18210:
18074:
17800:
17709:
17639:
17264:Administration, Federal Aviation (2017).
16252:Doering, C. R. and Gibbon, J. D. (1995).
16068:, the air density can be found using the
15870:
15525:"How Airplane Cabin Pressurization Works"
15394:
15270:. Government of Australia. Archived from
15149:Wallner, Lewis E. and Czika, Joseph, Jr,
14995:"Different Kinds & Types of Aircraft"
14856:
13557:
13431:
12971:-like landing) attached to an expendable
11458:required to uniquely identify a specific
10261:β A magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster (
9305:
9104:
9049:
8968:
8951:
8703:
8689:
8544:energy of the system, respectively. Here
8060:, this is a good approximation only when
6219:), literally "milky", a reference to the
4992:
4985:
4882:
4491:
4388:
4340:
3626:
3615:
3604:
3600:
3587:
3583:
3508:
3476:
3444:
3036:. It may refer to an angle or a distance.
2387:. They achieve a pressure rise by adding
2166:distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.
2120:'s takeoff thrust and payload capability.
1856:to a fixed point. It is distinct from an
1752:of spacecraft are collectively termed as
1656:. Larger asteroids have also been called
1397:β An anticyclone (that is, opposite to a
589:that studies noise generation via either
19523:Meta-Calculus: Differential and Integral
19362:
19343:
19271:
18948:
18745:
18720:
18467:
18255:
17542:
17517:
17399:Textbook of Engineering Physics (Part I)
17351:
17257:
17229:
17110:
16724:from the original on September 27, 2021.
16151:
16128:
16110:
16108:
15986:
15925:Keys, C. N.; Stepniewski, W. Z. (1984).
15458:Minimum Cost Design for Space Operations
15347:, University of Minnesota Press (2000),
15263:Civil Aviation Safety Authority (2005).
15211:Federal Aviation Administration (2008).
14735:. Barron's Educational Series. pp.
13900:to confine and accelerate the expanding
11407:that determines the amount by which its
10859:, together with the assumption that the
8151:of sufficient strength to hold the rear
7714:(DOS) which is directly overseen by the
7380:β Specific impulse (usually abbreviated
7317:, often stated as starting at speeds of
7099:Hyperbolic partial differential equation
5721:, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of
5440:are all examples of fixed-wing aircraft.
5408:. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from
5201:components. The most general choice are
3169:during the mission, and as input to the
2531:. This produces a visible atmosphere or
2359:β is the point where the total sum of a
1440:than any other proposed class of rocket.
234:measured with respect to the underlying
19718:BhΔratΔ«ya AntarikαΉ£ AnusandhΔn SaαΉ
gaαΉhan
19412:
19142:
18859:
18838:
18725:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
18673:
18261:
18239:A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
18093:
17940:
17895:
17297:
17158:
17116:
16999:
16963:. New York: Springer. pp. 391β94.
16333:
15745:"Isothermal compressibility of gases -"
15644:
15159:
14728:
14704:. Courier Dover Publications. pp.
14528:Fundamentals of Engineering Examination
14257:while moving through air or some other
14213:. Weight functions occur frequently in
14018:) is an instrument used to measure the
13673:, simultaneously. The mass might be a
11709:, orbital station-keeping is keeping a
11626:β is either of the two points where an
10890:. As a result, the NavierβStokes are a
10835:. They are sometimes accompanied by an
9613:forces of the two large bodies and the
8190:used for the calculation of lift of an
7994:. Having gained this energy during its
7284:The equation has the property that, if
6942:in traveling between these orbits, but
6235:(10) stars, each orbiting its galaxy's
5921:(which includes to begin moving from a
4866:
4840:
3882:with the reliability and simplicity of
3878:systems combine the high efficiency of
3064:is the transformation of a body from a
2342:in space is the unique point where the
2254:and cable looms, traditionally used in
1692:or astrodynamics is the application of
1670:minor planets in the outer Solar System
1636:increases with aspect ratio, improving
1049:. Common examples of aircraft include
753:. The synthesis of aeroelasticity with
20965:
20787:Electrical and electronics engineering
20772:Developmental and reproductive biology
20581:Electrical and electronics engineering
19723:BhΔratΔ«ya AntrikαΉ£ AnusandhΔn SaαΉ
gaαΉhan
19699:, or the average density of Earth, as
19039:"Rogallo Wing -the story told by NASA"
18875:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
18774:, Sub-section 5.9. Pitman Publishing.
18547:
18355:
18310:. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam.
18068:
17946:
17915:
17734:
17728:
17703:
17656:
17607:
17324:
17291:
17140:"ISRO β Vision and Mission Statements"
17031:"The Interplanetary Transport Network"
16994:Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease
16959:Samuel, Jacob; Franklin, Cory (2008).
16908:Galison, P.; Roland, A., eds. (2000).
16805:
16683:
16221:Navier-Stokes equations and turbulence
15834:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 278.
15561:(5), Hearst Magazines: 550, May 1905,
15424:
15418:
15364:
15005:from the original on 21 November 2016.
14799:
14797:
14778:
14758:
14756:
14590:Glossary of probability and statistics
13641:β or flight path, is the path that an
11733:, gravitational forces from Sun/Moon,
11665:around another object, and applies in
9852:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
9231:if all its directional derivatives at
7696:BhΔratΔ«ya AntrikαΉ£ AnusandhΔn SaαΉ
gaαΉhan
6861:are supplied by horizontally-spinning
6263:β is a power cycle of a pumped liquid
5685:, or other material that continuously
5477:so they are retracted when not needed.
5229:describing the motion of the dynamics.
4302:in the flow model that corresponds to
4294:can be interpreted as another type of
4154:Elliptic partial differential equation
2842:at many institutions around the world.
1596:, measured in the direction of motion.
501:of the system can be derived. It is a
378:acting on the object, as described by
20653:
19782:
19559:
19239:
19151:. New York: The Free Press. pp.
18973:from the original on 15 January 2018.
18888:
18784:
18153:. Boston: Kluver Academic Publishers.
17955:
17924:An Illustrated Dictionary of Aviation
17921:
17883:. European Space Agency. 16 July 2007
17585:
17330:
17146:from the original on 4 September 2015
16665:from the original on January 31, 2018
16499:
16302:
16217:
16195:. Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from
16105:
15828:E. Rathakrishnan (3 September 2013).
15608:
15152:ARC-Jet Thrustor for Space Propulsion
15104:
15102:
14940:Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering
14879:
14830:
14766:. Northern Lights Software Associates
14697:
14607:
14539:Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
13912:, one of several types of spacecraft
12145:If a planar object (or prism, by the
11645:in the reference plane, has no nodes.
11026:attracts every other point mass by a
10948:Newton's law of universal gravitation
10575:(kgβ
m/s), which is equivalent to the
10446:about a rotational axis, akin to how
10407:Mini-magnetospheric plasma propulsion
7784:, the keel effect (also known as the
6313:. An object in such an orbit has an
5949:. Force is represented by the symbol
3319:typically have a higher disk loading.
677:wing. Aerodynamics is a sub-field of
20614:
19455:
19169:from the original on 28 October 2019
18938:from the original on 5 January 2016.
18913:
18631:
18199:Mathematical Problems in Engineering
18052:
17455:
17395:
17211:from the original on 12 October 2017
17028:
16840:from the original on 25 January 2020
16367:
16085:L. G. Napolitano (22 October 2013).
15947:
15763:
15691:"Introduction to Laser Technology".
15059:
15040:
14914:
14803:
14672:
14649:Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
14460:
14421:
14382:
13959:that describes the motion of bodies.
13830:), was the world's first long-range
12440:
12149:) has rotational symmetry such that
11538:. This maneuver is also known as an
11518:of direction of the orbiting object.
11486:by other objects and the effects of
10996:and was formulated in Newton's work
10038:) or a mix of two chemicals, called
7871:with the Sun at one of the two foci.
7593:. Whereas the distances between the
7581:or crewed spacecraft moving between
7411:(ASI) on an aircraft, driven by the
7387:) is a measure of how efficiently a
7176:. In one spatial dimension, this is
5989:, where gravitation is reduced to a
5693:, or external force. They have zero
4069:) by rotating the spacecraft around
2262:technique, taught to generations of
1716:β is the movement of an object from
1124:) is the cross-sectional shape of a
621:) by flying the vehicle through the
20624:
19461:
18705:Introduction to theoretical physics
18676:Introduction to Celestial Mechanics
18099:
18075:Demerjian, Ave (20 February 2009).
18053:Pope, Gregory T. (September 1995).
17874:"Document Requirements Description"
17842:"Introduction to the GMAT Software"
16793:from the original on 13 August 2021
16633:from the original on April 27, 2017
16091:. Elsevier Science. pp. 134β.
15449:
14794:
14753:
14646:Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W, (2007)
14550:Glossary of artificial intelligence
14338:powered and controlled aircraftβan
13924:β The velocity of an object is the
12264:{\displaystyle I_{z}=2I_{x}=2I_{y}}
11498:β measures the tilt of an object's
10963:to the product of their masses and
7056:modelling fission weapon detonation
6452:global navigation satellite systems
5985:acting upon it. In the context of
5913:. A force can cause an object with
5857:, the study of fluids at rest; and
5635:Electronic Flight Instrument System
3937:. The atmosphere of Earth protects
2563:of the relative volume change of a
2443:β is the flight configuration of a
993:(or movement around the aircraft's
13:
19691:Cavendish determined the value of
19466:. In Richard Alan Strehlow (ed.).
18422:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 8β.
18171:from the original on June 26, 2018
18149:Larson, W.J.; Wertz, J.R. (1992).
17712:"Is China's space laser for real?"
17333:"The Danger of Space Junk β 98.07"
16072:. Air is 1.293 kg/m at 0Β°C and 1
15902:Continuum Mechanics and Plasticity
15899:
15893:
15885:(3rd ed.). Springer. p.
15523:Brain, Marshall (April 12, 2011).
15296:Graham, Jr, J.J. (December 1965).
15099:
15087:from the original on June 29, 2011
14975:from the original on 28 March 2015
14894:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1994.tb01245.x
14595:Glossary of structural engineering
14580:Glossary of mechanical engineering
14137:, wave drag is a component of the
13551:
13425:
13279:) acting on the object. Since the
13268:is equal to the downward force of
12132:This rule can be applied with the
11466:these elements are considered in
10951:β is usually stated as that every
10438:is a quantity that determines the
10163:and the Moon's surface during the
9512:
9407:
9343:
9216:
8937:
7659:Indian Space Research Organisation
7254:
7240:
7207:
7193:
6954:β A hybrid-propellant rocket is a
6100:the single engine is mounted on a
5517:Flight control system (helicopter)
5349:Field-emission electric propulsion
5107:
5064:
4962:
4928:
4855:
4831:
4807:{\displaystyle \mathbf {\omega } }
4762:
4735:{\displaystyle H^{1}(\Omega )^{n}}
4719:
4665:
4585:
4528:
4471:
4461:
4439:
4332:
3886:. It is based upon the use of two
3502:
3470:
3438:
2640:
2632:
1341:) is the rotational equivalent of
892:efficiency across a wide range of
839:concerned with the development of
793:β is broadly defined to encompass
681:, which in turn is a sub-field of
14:
21004:
20817:Genetics and evolutionary biology
19741:(most of Europe), ISRO, (India),
19606:Geosynchronous (equatorial) orbit
19109:
18416:Klaus Mainzer (2 December 2013).
18389:Fritz Rohrlich (25 August 1989).
18151:Space Mission Analysis and Design
17990:Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets
17770:"Launch Period vs. Launch Window"
17767:
17735:Venton, Danielle (May 12, 2015).
17710:Lin; Singer (February 15, 2018).
17592:Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
17121:Prospects for interstellar travel
16718:A Solution of the Goddard Problem
16602:. January 3, 2012. Archived from
16137:Aviation Publishers Co. Limited,
15700:. Melles Griot. n.d. p. 36.6
15584:Historical Dictionary of Aviation
15527:. How Stuff Works. Archived from
15401:An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
14677:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 43.
14346:, it marked the beginning of the
13841:engine, was developed during the
12555:maneuvers over the craft's three
12298:four fundamental states of matter
12119:{\displaystyle I_{z}=I_{x}+I_{y}}
12055:be moments of inertia about axis
11419:, values between 0 and 1 form an
11399:, the orbital eccentricity of an
11349:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
10688:, each of which contains its own
10317:attraction to other bodies. The
10046:, which ignite when the fuel and
9922:. A liquid air cycle engine uses
9640:system whose purpose is to sweep
9520:{\displaystyle \delta {\cal {S}}}
9490:on the right-hand side is called
9180:are finite, then the smooth path
8049:{\textstyle {\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}}
7830:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
7821:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
7160:derivatives. More precisely, the
6520:Newtonian constant of gravitation
5941:quantity. It is measured in the
5424:in a manner similar to that of a
5400:caused by the aircraft's forward
5360:as a propellant β usually either
5254:β are three angles introduced by
3258:USAF Stability and Control DATCOM
3135:. As used in this context, it is
3004:. It also sees use in supersonic
2884:, but does not exceed it. At the
2870:critical Mach number (Mcr or M* )
1720:into and through the gases of an
1243:β is a device used for measuring
20633:
20623:
20613:
20604:
20603:
20473:
19762:
19728:
19706:
19548:
19537:
19514:
19491:
19337:
19246:(3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
19233:
19208:
19136:
19118:
19103:
19052:
19031:
19009:Chiuderi, C.; Velli, M. (2015).
18832:
18803:
18764:
18696:
18667:
18606:
18593:
18582:
18571:
18454:
18436:
18409:
18382:
18349:
18335:
18321:
18297:
18288:
18270:. Taylor & Francis. p.
18186:
18157:
18142:
18118:
17866:
17834:
17809:
17788:
17761:
17598:
17579:
17536:
17511:
17502:
17488:
17474:
17449:
17438:
17389:
17233:The Encyclopedia of Aerodynamics
17184:
17097:
17072:
16985:
16952:
16928:
16901:
16875:
16852:
16507:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms
15877:Truesdell, C.; Noll, W. (2004).
15611:Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms
15586:, History Press (2008), Page 79.
15191:NASA β Jet Propulsion Laboratory
14545:Glossary of areas of mathematics
14464:
14425:
14386:
13173:Staged combustion cycle (rocket)
12995:β external tank attached to the
12987:'s atmosphere and splash-landed)
12444:
10758:
10537:
10526:
10123:
9825:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
9560:
9117:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
8112:β is a principle in steady-flow
7666:
7549:or interplanetary travel is the
7513:determined pathways through the
7506:Interplanetary Transport Network
6899:
6524:Cavendish gravitational constant
6516:universal gravitational constant
6043:
6021:exerted between a body (e.g. an
5997:is thus in free fall around the
5639:Flight Management Computer (FMC)
5494:Flight control system (aircraft)
5436:aircraft and airplanes that use
5184:that describe the behavior of a
5116:
5075:
4969:
4937:
4769:
4641:
4532:
4475:
4205:
4167:
2996:is widely used in some types of
2523:that, when passing close to the
2407:/static pressure by slowing the
2363:field acts on a body, causing a
1776:to measure vehicle orientation,
761:is known as aeroservoelasticity.
669:β is the study of the motion of
489:, action is an attribute of the
457:communication with a particular
20821:Cellular and molecular biology
19808:
19685:
19611:
19595:
19260:from the original on 2020-03-11
18219:from the original on 2021-10-01
17964:, and Doenhoff, Albert E. von:
17416:from the original on 2020-08-04
17402:. PHI Learning Pvt. p. 9.
17363:Journal of Geophysical Research
17298:Stenger, Richard (2002-05-03).
16779:
16709:
16698:from the original on 2010-06-24
16677:
16645:
16613:
16586:
16568:
16559:
16549:
16539:
16530:
16520:
16468:
16376:
16350:
16327:
16314:
16246:
16211:
16141:, p. 10 (27th revised edition)
16058:
16038:
16011:
15983:French (1970), p. 211, Eq. 7-20
15977:
15959:
15848:
15808:
15737:
15712:
15684:
15667:
15627:
15602:
15589:
15576:
15516:
15490:
15404:. Cambridge: University Press.
15337:
15315:
15289:
15256:
15204:
15179:
15143:
15120:
15073:
15034:
15009:
14957:
14933:
14908:
14873:
14824:
14280:efficiency is expressed as its
14153:speeds, due to the presence of
12316:, being mostly associated with
11985:) so that the body lies in the
11820:, can be used to determine the
11138:are the masses of the objects,
9258:vanish, i.e., for every smooth
8242:and eventually take-off from it
8207:to the loop. It is named after
8083:or lighter-than-air craft with
7365:or strenuous physical exercise.
7353:, affecting the whole body, or
6797:) are sometimes referred to as
6601:was introduced in the 1890s by
6539:involved in the calculation of
6440:satellite-based radionavigation
6288:geosynchronous equatorial orbit
6202:. The word is derived from the
6084:'s main body section. It holds
5973:, free fall is any motion of a
4133:, which control the aircraft's
4019:, the eccentricity vector of a
3400:and the squared velocity for a
3352:β distance measuring equipment.
2984:passing through it to a higher
2140:in the immediate vicinity of a
2073:β (BDB), is a general class of
1078:Aircraft flight control systems
421:quantity) and its acceleration.
189:
47:
19637:(2013), p. 93; P. de Aquino,
19344:Anderson, John D. Jr. (1991).
19301:Wind Turbine Vortex Generators
18889:Chu, P.K.; Lu, XinPel (2013).
18746:Anderson, John D. Jr. (2016).
18721:Anderson, John D. Jr. (1991).
17620:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
16767:. Basics of Space Flight. NASA
16024:. Cambridge University Press.
15227:. US Dept. of Transportation.
15067:"NASA aeronautics guided tour"
14837:Smart Materials and Structures
14722:
14691:
14666:
14640:
14631:
14157:. Wave drag is independent of
14070:device, consisting of a small
12324:. It extends to the rarefied
11331:, such as the trajectory of a
10928:in recognition of his work on
10804:partial differential equations
10756:, the NavierβStokes equations(
9926:(LH2) fuel to liquefy the air.
9477:
9471:
9300:
9297:
9271:
9046:
9037:
9031:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8948:
8942:
8872:
8869:
8843:
8746:
8699:
8645:
8619:
8444:
8426:
8374:
8362:
8186:β is a fundamental theorem in
6897:, the Hohmann transfer orbit (
6223:. Galaxies range in size from
5537:aircraft flight control system
5502:aircraft flight control system
5120:
5112:
5081:
5070:
4975:
4958:
4941:
4933:
4872:
4861:
4844:
4836:
4723:
4716:
4669:
4662:
4647:
4636:
4538:
4524:
4481:
4467:
4450:
4444:
4399:
4383:
3988:, the eccentric anomaly is an
3151:β is an estimate of the total
1540:, areal velocity (also called
1086:aircraft flight control system
855:side of aerospace engineering.
808:planetary surface construction
565:system designed primarily for
469:; the end of a pass is termed
1:
20988:Indexes of engineering topics
19011:Basics of Plasma Astrophysics
18487:A Guide to Newton's Principia
17117:Mauldin, John H. (May 1992).
16996:. pp. 315β32. Academic Press.
16044:McCormick, Barnes W. (1979):
14858:10.1088/0964-1726/20/9/094007
14600:
14570:Glossary of civil engineering
13661:, a trajectory is defined by
11806:Huygens–Steiner theorem
11046:of the distance between them.
10934:Newton's second law of motion
10914:International System of Units
10863:in the fluid is the sum of a
10806:which describe the motion of
10562:International System of Units
10305:with respect to time) when a
10258:Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
10144:), originally designated the
9633:β is a proposed ground-based
9500:. The directional derivative
8755:{\displaystyle v\in T_{q}M).}
8298:β is the undercarriage of an
7982:that it possesses due to its
7800:) in an aircraft. Along with
7128:partial differential equation
6930:used to transfer between two
6587:, its value is approximately
6116:in specific relationships to
5584:with respect to time. For a
5338:ultimate tensile stress limit
5245:(Space Shuttle) external tank
4751:In the case that the flow is
4030:with direction pointing from
3974:diurnal temperature variation
3524:that is used to quantify the
2240:environmental control systems
1588:is the angle from the body's
1448:β is an extreme point in the
1408:defined by the United States
944:, or flight control surfaces.
896:. It belongs to the class of
184:
19831:List of engineering branches
19346:Fundamentals of aerodynamics
19143:Neufeld, Michael J. (1995).
18723:Fundamentals of aerodynamics
18674:Moulton, Forest R. (1970) .
18100:Hsu, Jeremy (29 July 2009).
17347:– via TheAtlantic.com.
17270:. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
17165:TE Narasimhan (2014-01-07).
16969:10.1007/978-0-387-75246-4_97
16863:(Report). NASA STI Program.
15855:NACA technical report No.269
15083:. National Weather Service.
14193:acting on the object due to
14054:has a higher viscosity than
13865:with the vertical launch of
13837:. The missile, powered by a
13681:. For example, it can be an
12975:(which disintegrated during
11612:law of universal gravitation
11369:general theory of relativity
11142:is the distance between the
9829:Strategic Defense Initiative
9605:) are points near two large
7914:law of universal gravitation
7867:The orbit of a planet is an
7479:to allow them to approach a
7168:. Many of the equations of
6970:and the other either gas or
6557:general theory of relativity
6549:law of universal gravitation
6347:typically in a figure-8 form
6260:Gas-generator cycle (rocket)
6208:
6125:Future Air Navigation System
6096:, as well, although in some
5697:, or, in simpler terms, are
4422:, its enstrophy is given by:
4250:. The term derives from the
4129:, usually at the rear of an
3929:, that surrounds the planet
3332:Distance measuring equipment
2722:Computational fluid dynamics
2427:is the distance between the
1844:, a balloon is an unpowered
1333:, angular momentum (rarely,
1025:by gaining support from the
977:usually forming part of the
898:altitude compensating nozzle
863:β are materials, frequently
558:Advanced Space Vision System
553:β Automatic direction finder
248:height above average terrain
46:
7:
19722:
19717:
19323:Micro AeroDynamics (2003).
19217:An introduction to rheology
18949:Phillips, K. J. H. (1995).
18555:"Axioms, or Laws of Motion"
18266:Engineering Fluid Mechanics
17689:10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.008
16334:Stengel, Robert F. (2010),
16320:Gablehouse, Charles (1969)
15599:, Halsted (1975), Page 293.
15345:The Wilderness Route Finder
15322:Breakthrough (2018-05-29),
14917:"Definition of Aeronautics"
14729:Lehrman, Robert L. (1998).
14701:Relativity and Common Sense
14675:The Principles of Mechanics
14495:
13896:, forming a plasma, then a
13857:against German cities. The
13746:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
13351:of an object moving with a
12992:Space Shuttle external tank
12357:PrandtlβGlauert singularity
11725:satellites, the effects of
11637:to which it is inclined. A
11237:β Given the problem of the
10851:. They arise from applying
9650:International Space Station
8881:{\displaystyle x_{0}:\to M}
8348:stationary action principle
8306:and may be used for either
7509:β (ITN) is a collection of
7443:-Indicated Air Speed" (vs.
7044:predicting weather patterns
6998:that describes the flow of
6946:can use less in some cases.
6506:β Global Positioning System
5893:β Flight management system.
5771:predicting weather patterns
5725:that describes the flow of
5641:, CDU and a cross talk bus.
5412:(in which the wings form a
3871:Dual mode propulsion rocket
3227:function of a real variable
3171:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
3141:physical change in velocity
2966:convergent-divergent nozzle
2824:control systems engineering
2753:) with surfaces defined by
1768:or another entity like the
1766:inertial frame of reference
773:, and manufacturing of air
567:International Space Station
441:, is the period in which a
405:) and add according to the
21:aerospace engineering terms
10:
21009:
20922:Probability and statistics
18984:Aschwanden, M. J. (2004).
18957:Cambridge University Press
18703:Arthur Erich Haas (1928).
18682:: Dover. pp. 322β23.
18647:(6th ed.). New York:
18343:"Brief History of Rockets"
18130:www.engineeringtoolbox.com
17817:"What is a launch window?"
17545:Journal of Fluid Mechanics
17331:Olson, Steve (July 1998).
16818:. MacMillan. p. 347.
16686:"Goddard Problem (slides)"
16193:Oxford Dictionaries Online
15500:. US: NASA. Archived from
15474:. US: NASA. Archived from
15043:"Definition of Anemometer"
14261:. Accordingly, wings have
14237:uses wind tunnels to test
13657:as a function of time. In
13561:{\displaystyle \Delta x\,}
12300:. It consists of a gas of
11905:Define perpendicular axes
11884:Perpendicular axes theorem
11836:axis through the object's
11746:Orbiter Boom Sensor System
11523:Orbital inclination change
11430:, and greater than 1 is a
10870:term (proportional to the
10354:, is a proposed method of
10329:, mass is not the same as
10233:, is a proposed method of
10209:representing the ratio of
9483:{\displaystyle \delta (t)}
9224:{\displaystyle {\cal {S}}}
8593:is the velocity vector at
8450:{\displaystyle L=L(q,v,t)}
7796:(which coincides with the
7753:discharging a fast-moving
7591:interplanetary spaceflight
7565:, usually within a single
7547:Interplanetary spaceflight
7321:5 and above. The precise
6494:. This was first posed by
6400:zero-lift drag coefficient
6215:
5853:. It can be divided into
5529:helicopter flight controls
5180:, equations of motion are
4094:Electrostatic ion thruster
3117:spacecraft flight dynamics
2890:upper critical Mach number
2886:lower critical Mach number
2808:integrated drive generator
2802:engines, such as aircraft
2451:for a given power setting.
2367:to act through that point.
2150:atmospheric boundary layer
1809:systems used on aircraft,
1790:Automatic direction finder
1750:entry, descent and landing
1609:Aspect ratio (aeronautics)
1164:in the vessel and loss of
835:β is the primary field of
20692:
20599:
20546:
20530:
20482:
20471:
20246:
20188:
20107:
20032:
19959:
19852:
19839:
19816:
19627:heat transfer coefficient
19441:10.1080/09500690110038585
19188:Ad Astra Rocket Company.
19112:The Principles of Physics
19085:Leandro Bertoldo (2008).
18839:Obregon, Joaquin (2012).
18649:Columbia University Press
18601:The Copernican Revolution
17926:. New York: McGraw Hill.
17641:10.1016/j.cja.2014.05.002
16159:Air Transport Association
15110:"the definition of apsis"
14344:Orville and Wilbur Wright
14030:, an instrument called a
13308:Thermal protection system
13014:Space Shuttle main engine
12591:Remote Manipulator System
12413:Pulsed inductive thruster
10853:Isaac Newton's second law
10418:β otherwise known as the
10032:liquid-propellant rockets
9880:lighter-than-air aircraft
9833:Advanced Concept Division
9711:β The leading edge of an
9644:out of the path of other
9207:is a stationary point of
8661:(For those familiar with
7877:The square of a planet's
7852:, replacing its circular
7732:extraterrestrial missions
7517:that require very little
7464:Instrument landing system
6966:in two different phases:
6701:by which all things with
6526:), denoted by the letter
6448:United States Space Force
6431:Global Positioning System
5689:(flows) under an applied
5649:β is a device to measure
5544:of the main rotor blades
3041:Deformation (engineering)
2493:electromagnetic radiation
1937:, photonic thrusters and
1420:β is a proposed class of
1101:Aircraft flight mechanics
806:, habitats and lunar and
655:orbital transfer maneuver
386:unit for acceleration is
224:height above ground level
23:pertains specifically to
20993:Glossaries of technology
19240:Symon, Keith R. (1971).
19088:Fundamentos do Dinamismo
18893:. CRC Press. p. 3.
18818:. Worth Publishers Inc.
18678:(2nd revised ed.).
18543:Andrew Motte Translation
18329:"The definition of mass"
18126:"Air - Molecular Weight"
17396:Jain, Mahesh C. (2009).
17230:Hitchens, Frank (2015).
16961:Common Surgical Diseases
16914:. Springer. p. 90.
16274:Encyclopaedia of Physics
15927:Rotary-wing aerodynamics
15213:"Chapter 15: Navigation"
14082:) or a rotor blade of a
13982:) of velocity is called
13910:plasma propulsion engine
13839:liquid-propellant rocket
12674:β is a flexible type of
11735:solar radiation pressure
11590:, is the application of
11375:, with orbits following
10825:conservation of momentum
10500:is an object's mass and
10352:electromagnetic catapult
10015:Liquid rocket propellant
9971:Liquid-propellant rocket
9527:on the left is known as
8766:Given the time instants
8250:β is the last part of a
7986:. It is defined as the
7844:. The laws modified the
7710:. It operates under the
7363:hypoventilation training
6577:Einstein field equations
6444:United States government
6286:β also referred to as a
6080:"spindle-shaped") is an
6013:. In a roughly uniform
5701:which cannot resist any
5602:Flight management system
5510:Aircraft engine controls
5380:β is a heavier-than-air
5306:β is a power cycle of a
5266:with respect to a fixed
4314:as well as the field of
4089:must be compensated for.
3949:to exist on the Earth's
2853:Crew Exploration Vehicle
2830:discipline that applies
2766:Conservation of momentum
2395:to a continuous flow of
2250:β is a method for tying
1943:pulse detonation engines
1892:velocities. Invented by
1638:fuel economy in aircraft
1616:, the aspect ratio of a
1410:National Weather Service
1203:β is the measure of the
1094:Aircraft engine controls
1041:, or in a few cases the
625:at the low point of the
475:time of closest approach
439:satellite communications
388:metre per second squared
270:, the absolute value or
20978:Engineering disciplines
20717:Artificial intelligence
20492:Bachelor of Engineering
20334:Engineering mathematics
19643:Soviet Physics: Uspekhi
19631:Newton's law of cooling
18877:A Greek English Lexicon
18165:"Current Catalog Files"
17966:Theory of Wing Sections
17383:10.1029/JA083iA06p02637
16388:Encyclopedia Britannica
16218:FoiaΕ, Ciprian (2001).
15971:www.merriam-webster.com
15498:"Solid Rocket Boosters"
15455:Schnitt, Arthur (1998)
15425:Curtis, Howard (2005).
15081:"Glossary: Anticyclone"
15047:www.spacedictionary.com
15017:"Definition of AIRSHIP"
14999:www.wingsoverkansas.com
14921:www.spacedictionary.com
14882:Clinical Otolaryngology
14698:Bondi, Hermann (1980).
14517:Glossary of engineering
14292:greater than the total
13964:Velocity is a physical
13697:as it travels around a
13364:The equation itself is:
12813:Single point of failure
12711:conventional parachutes
12686:engineer, and his wife
12543:Reaction control system
12405:Proper orbital elements
11761:, and in particular in
11741:, must be counteracted.
11702:Orbital station-keeping
11657:), is the time a given
11608:Newton's laws of motion
11405:dimensionless parameter
11161:Newton's laws of motion
11144:centers of their masses
10969:first great unification
10749:NavierβStokes equations
10205:, the Mach number is a
10159:that was flown between
9910:β (LACE), is a type of
9907:Liquid air cycle engine
9817:beam-powered propulsion
9781:. The lift coefficient
9638:beam-powered propulsion
8566:{\displaystyle q\in M,}
8183:KuttaβJoukowski theorem
8170:KuttaβJoukowski theorem
7716:Prime Minister of India
7407:read directly from the
7084:hydrostatic equilibrium
6839:exhaust heat management
6635:gravity assist maneuver
6618:Gravitational slingshot
5883:hydrostatic equilibrium
5653:levels in modern large
5506:flight control surfaces
5482:Flight control surfaces
5303:Expander cycle (rocket)
5237:β European Space Agency
5203:generalized coordinates
4755:, or equivalently that
4695:of the solution in the
4420:Navier-Stokes equations
3860:rocket-powered aircraft
3724:relative to the object,
3057:Deformation (mechanics)
2992:. Because of this, the
2792:hydraulic transmissions
2535:, and sometimes also a
2521:small Solar System body
2377:Centrifugal compressors
1914:Beam-powered propulsion
1584:body. Parametrically,
1548:) is the rate at which
1293:{\displaystyle \alpha }
1247:, and is also a common
1090:flight control surfaces
949:Aft-crossing trajectory
932:β is a component of an
781:and rockets within the
503:mathematical functional
39:glossary of engineering
20947:Structural engineering
20887:Mechanical engineering
20860:Western and South Asia
20591:Structural engineering
20586:Mechanical engineering
20329:Engineering management
19130:7 January 2009 at the
18748:Introduction to flight
18651:. 2004. Archived from
18262:Graebel, W.P. (2001).
17947:Clancy, L. J. (1975).
17922:Kumar, Bharat (2005).
17520:Introduction to Flight
17456:Eden, Maxwell (2002).
17236:. Andrews UK Limited.
15165:Kermode, A.C. (1972),
14473:This section is empty.
14434:This section is empty.
14395:This section is empty.
13813:
13603:stagnation temperature
13562:
13532:
13510:
13483:is the object's final
13477:
13436:
13345:Evangelista Torricelli
12983:(which re-entered the
12979:) and two recoverable
12749:Saturn (rocket family)
12607:Reusable launch system
12502:Radio direction finder
12453:This section is empty.
12421:Pulsed plasma thruster
12265:
12197:
12170:
12120:
12022:
12002:
11979:
11965:(which meet at origin
11959:
11939:
11919:
11661:takes to complete one
11570:systems to change the
11534:of an orbiting body's
11530:aimed at changing the
11359:as a force obeying an
11152:gravitational constant
11112:
10982:empirical observations
10965:inversely proportional
10908:β The newton (symbol:
10878:termβhence describing
10681:that uses two or more
10548:
10490:of an object. It is a
10482:is the product of the
10476:translational momentum
10430:, or most accurately,
10420:mass moment of inertia
10356:non-rocket spacelaunch
10207:dimensionless quantity
10146:Lunar Excursion Module
10044:hypergolic propellants
9804:β The Lightcraft is a
9558:, the Lagrange points
9521:
9484:
9451:
9322:
9252:
9225:
9201:
9174:
9148:
9147:{\displaystyle t_{1},}
9118:
9089:
9063:
8909:
8882:
8817:
8816:{\displaystyle t_{2},}
8787:
8756:
8714:
8655:
8629:
8607:
8587:
8567:
8530:
8510:
8490:
8489:{\displaystyle L=T-V,}
8451:
8410:and a smooth function
8404:
8381:
8346:and is founded on the
8064:is much less than the
8058:relativistic mechanics
8050:
7274:
7154:
7120:
6994:is a subdiscipline of
6890:Hohmann transfer orbit
6803:Hall-current thrusters
6729:toward) one another.
6725:βare attracted to (or
6511:Gravitational constant
6159:, blisters, booms, or
6134:air traffic controller
6114:stabilization surfaces
5831:biomedical engineering
5572:through the air or in
5388:, which is capable of
5227:differential equations
5213:, but are replaced by
5158:
5127:
5000:
4893:
4808:
4783:
4736:
4689:
4619:
4577:
4502:
4412:
4354:
4127:flight control surface
3884:monopropellant rockets
3819:
3773:
3740:
3714:
3688:
3662:
3634:
3522:dimensionless quantity
3514:
3482:
3450:
3225:β The derivative of a
3131:that has the units of
3119:, is a measure of the
3086:electromagnetic forces
2840:electrical engineering
2653:
2593:
2592:{\displaystyle \beta }
2475:controls the aircraft.
2372:Centrifugal compressor
2051:
1570:argument of pericenter
1294:
975:flight control surface
790:Aerospace architecture
397:quantities (they have
366:, acceleration is the
297:without regard to its
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
20983:Glossaries of science
20973:Aerospace engineering
20812:Environmental science
20697:Aerospace engineering
20571:Aerospace engineering
20484:Engineering education
19701:5.448 g⋅cm
19368:Clancy, L.J. (1975),
18988:. Praxis Publishing.
18770:Clancy, L.J. (1975).
18644:Columbia Encyclopedia
18356:McLean, Doug (2012).
17008:Clancy, L.J. (1975),
16018:G. Falkovich (2011).
15128:AIAA Journal, Vol. 1,
14944:John Wiley & Sons
14831:Sousa, V. C. (2011).
14615:Radiotelephony Manual
14575:Glossary of economics
14565:Glossary of chemistry
14555:Glossary of astronomy
14502:Aerospace engineering
14042:β The viscosity of a
13879:spacecraft propulsion
13714:Trans Lunar Injection
13667:canonical coordinates
13663:Hamiltonian mechanics
13598:Total air temperature
13563:
13533:
13511:
13509:{\displaystyle v_{i}}
13478:
13476:{\displaystyle v_{f}}
13437:
13353:constant acceleration
13340:Torricelli's equation
13203:Surface of revolution
13167:single-stage-to-orbit
13095:Spacecraft propulsion
13037:Space Shuttle program
13022:Space Shuttle orbiter
13008:Space Shuttle program
13001:solid rocket boosters
12981:solid rocket boosters
12965:Space Shuttle orbiter
12821:Single-stage-to-orbit
12789:Second moment of area
12773:Schlieren photography
12623:RL-10 (rocket engine)
12488:electromagnetic waves
12330:intergalactic regions
12266:
12198:
12196:{\displaystyle I_{y}}
12171:
12169:{\displaystyle I_{x}}
12134:parallel axis theorem
12121:
12023:
12003:
11980:
11960:
11940:
11920:
11826:second moment of area
11801:Parallel axis theorem
11783:orbital state vectors
11176:of an object and the
11113:
10961:directly proportional
10896:completely integrable
10816:George Gabriel Stokes
10594:Monopropellant rocket
10549:
10454:needed for a desired
10442:needed for a desired
10428:second moment of mass
10235:spacecraft propulsion
9912:spacecraft propulsion
9754:around the body, the
9646:artificial satellites
9522:
9485:
9452:
9323:
9253:
9251:{\displaystyle x_{0}}
9226:
9202:
9200:{\displaystyle x_{0}}
9175:
9173:{\displaystyle t_{2}}
9149:
9119:
9095:is an open subset of
9090:
9064:
8910:
8908:{\displaystyle x_{0}}
8883:
8818:
8788:
8786:{\displaystyle t_{1}}
8757:
8715:
8656:
8630:
8608:
8588:
8568:
8531:
8511:
8491:
8452:
8405:
8382:
8380:{\displaystyle (M,L)}
8336:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
8155:at the trailing edge.
8051:
7932:collisional cascading
7700:national space agency
7635:spacecraft propulsion
7542:Interplanetary travel
7391:uses propellant or a
7275:
7155:
7132:initial value problem
7121:
6944:bi-elliptic transfers
6789:is accelerated by an
6779:spacecraft propulsion
6627:aerospace engineering
6454:(GNSS) that provides
6151:that has no definite
5356:, that uses a liquid
5295:European Space Agency
5159:
5128:
5001:
4894:
4809:
4784:
4737:
4690:
4620:
4551:
4503:
4413:
4355:
4274:, as well as housing
4238:), also known as the
4103:spacecraft propulsion
4048:argument of periapsis
3941:on Earth by creating
3820:
3818:{\displaystyle C_{D}}
3774:
3772:{\displaystyle C_{D}}
3741:
3715:
3689:
3687:{\displaystyle \rho }
3663:
3661:{\displaystyle F_{D}}
3635:
3515:
3483:
3451:
3324:Displacement (vector)
3209:β is a quality of an
3002:rocket engine nozzles
2788:electrical generators
2654:
2594:
2399:through the rotor or
2338:of a distribution of
2306:Centennial challenges
2197:Archimedes' principle
2052:
2050:{\displaystyle r_{b}}
1986:or a decrease in the
1975:Bernoulli's principle
1923:spacecraft propulsion
1860:, which is a powered
1811:artificial satellites
1566:argument of perifocus
1561:Argument of periapsis
1309:on a body (often the
1295:
832:Aerospace engineering
659:hyperbolic trajectory
467:acquisition of signal
426:Acquisition of signal
413:, the calculated net
244:broadcast engineering
26:aerospace engineering
20512:Graduate certificate
19749:(United States) and
19577:on 29 September 2021
19325:"How Micro VGs Work"
19110:Metha, Rohit. "11".
19066:on February 23, 2009
18871:18 June 2013 at the
18448:www.encyclopedia.com
17565:10.1017/jfm.2015.584
17127:Interstellar travel.
17029:Ross, S. D. (2006).
16889:on December 21, 2016
16290:Analytical Mechanics
16161:(10 November 2011).
15967:"Definition of DRAG"
15794:engineering.case.edu
15724:Glossary.AMetSoc.org
15694:Melles Griot Catalog
15609:Crane, Dale (1997),
15551:"Cable Sewing Knots"
14732:Physics the Easy Way
14673:Crew, Henry (2008).
14456:
14417:
14378:
14268:that are subject to
14189:of an object is the
14163:Critical Mach number
14122:
14096:aerodynamic stalling
14046:is a measure of its
13788:
13769:
13738:Tripropellant rocket
13548:
13522:
13493:
13460:
13380:
13226:TaitβBryan rotations
13218:
13158:solid rocket booster
13049:artificial satellite
12893:Solar thermal rocket
12725:
12647:Rocket engine nozzle
12475:
12436:
12216:
12180:
12153:
12077:
12012:
11989:
11969:
11949:
11929:
11909:
11793:
11540:orbital plane change
11415:. A value of 0 is a
11392:Orbital eccentricity
11304:
11057:
10924:. It is named after
10829:conservation of mass
10713:
10522:
10444:angular acceleration
10190:
10175:Lunar space elevator
10084:Earth-centered orbit
9954:uses), ethanol, and
9938:, usually producing
9868:lighter than air gas
9690:β In the context of
9625:of the large bodies.
9504:
9497:virtual displacement
9465:
9335:
9262:
9235:
9211:
9184:
9157:
9128:
9099:
9079:
8932:
8892:
8827:
8797:
8770:
8724:
8669:
8639:
8616:
8597:
8577:
8548:
8520:
8500:
8465:
8414:
8394:
8359:
8342:is a formulation of
8340:Lagrangian mechanics
8331:Lagrangian mechanics
8223:
8020:
7978:of an object is the
7769:
7738:
7369:
7186:
7138:
7110:
6774:Hall effect thruster
6766:
6693: 'weight'), or
6669:, typically to save
6581:stressβenergy tensor
6446:and operated by the
6442:system owned by the
6434:β (GPS), originally
6326:Geosynchronous orbit
6299:geosynchronous orbit
6167:
6161:vertical stabilizers
5991:space-time curvature
5773:, and understanding
5631:Control Display Unit
5420:(in which the wings
5410:rotary-wing aircraft
5317:
5164:times the enstrophy.
5157:{\displaystyle \nu }
5148:
5026:
4923:
4907:or, in terms of the
4826:
4796:
4759:
4703:
4632:
4520:
4434:
4364:
4329:
4137:, and therefore the
3925:, commonly known as
3910:
3880:bipropellant rockets
3802:
3756:
3730:
3704:
3678:
3645:
3570:
3492:
3460:
3428:
3206:Departure resistance
2920:
2774:Constant speed drive
2707:compressive strength
2607:
2583:
2215:Cabin pressurization
2207:
2034:
1999:Bi-elliptic transfer
1829:
1738:astronomical objects
1652:, especially of the
1620:is the ratio of its
1367:angular displacement
1284:
1006:Air-augmented rocket
965:β Above ground level
240:above mean sea level
216:atmospheric sciences
199:
20497:Bachelor of Science
20339:Engineering physics
20323:Engineering drawing
19845:Interdisciplinarity
19635:Quantum Black Holes
19602:Geostationary orbit
19555:Orville Wright note
19433:2001IJSEd..23.1073G
19398:1999PhTea..37...51M
19385:The Physics Teacher
19310:, UpWind Solutions.
19060:"Terminal Velocity"
18842:Mechanical Simmetry
18614:"Orbital Mechanics"
18559:gravitee.tripod.com
18212:10.1155/2014/929810
18055:"Fly by microwaves"
18040:10.2514/6.1998-1001
18002:1976JSpRo..13..466M
17681:2018Optik.154...83W
17632:2014ChJAn..27..805S
17557:2015JFM...784..304L
17375:1978JGR....83.2637K
17052:10.1511/2006.59.994
16824:2009dufs.book.....C
16658:Library of Congress
16575:FAA Glider handbook
16169:on 10 November 2011
15531:on January 15, 2013
15167:Mechanics of Flight
15130:No. 11, Nov. 1963.
15021:merriam-webster.com
14849:2011SMaS...20i4007S
14764:"AOS, TCA, and LOS"
14585:Glossary of physics
14560:Glossary of biology
14290:orders of magnitude
13957:classical mechanics
13914:electric propulsion
13659:classical mechanics
13415:
13397:
12925:Space activity suit
12901:Solid of revolution
12845:Skyhook (structure)
12828:able to fly from a
12583:Relativistic rocket
12389:Pressure-fed engine
12326:intracluster medium
11659:astronomical object
11618:design and control.
11596:celestial mechanics
11495:Orbital inclination
11464:celestial mechanics
11401:astronomical object
11353:Newtonian mechanics
11335:around a star or a
11274:solid of revolution
11170:classical mechanics
10994:classical mechanics
10990:inductive reasoning
10930:classical mechanics
10874:of velocity) and a
10812:Claude-Louis Navier
10605:that uses a single
10599:monochemical rocket
10568:of momentum is the
10566:unit of measurement
10468:Newtonian mechanics
10383:Mechanics of fluids
10301:(rate of change of
10112:Apollo Lunar Module
10100:radius of the Earth
9764:fixed-wing aircraft
9661:Laser Camera System
9556:celestial mechanics
8997:
8654:{\displaystyle M).}
8389:configuration space
8344:classical mechanics
8135:and aerodynamicist
8128:. It is named for
8000:classical mechanics
7926:β (also called the
7850:Nicolaus Copernicus
7846:heliocentric theory
7810:weight distribution
7712:Department of Space
7706:, headquartered in
7631:electric propulsion
7621:β An ion thruster,
7579:interstellar probes
7574:Interstellar travel
7525:as locations where
7449:calibrated airspeed
7429:Calibrated airspeed
7413:pitot-static system
7153:{\displaystyle n-1}
6871:fixed-wing aircraft
6753:caused it to begin
6655:astronomical object
6561:gravitational force
6492:gravitational field
6450:. It is one of the
6412:fixed-wing aircraft
6359:geostationary orbit
6283:Geostationary orbit
6265:bipropellant rocket
6149:fixed-wing aircraft
6098:amphibious aircraft
6015:gravitational field
5873:, is the branch of
5793:concerned with the
5789:β is the branch of
5625:often backed up by
5586:fixed-wing aircraft
5471:fixed-wing aircraft
5458:used to reduce the
5434:variable-sweep wing
5377:Fixed-wing aircraft
5308:bipropellant rocket
5211:classical mechanics
5173:Equations of motion
5143:kinematic viscosity
4684:
4099:electric propulsion
4017:celestial mechanics
4012:Eccentricity vector
3933:and is retained by
3278:fixed-wing aircraft
3262:fixed-wing aircraft
3068:configuration to a
3062:continuum mechanics
2941:fixed-wing aircraft
2914:rotational symmetry
2819:Control engineering
2755:boundary conditions
2599:may be expressed as
2571:as a response to a
2445:fixed-wing aircraft
2440:Clean configuration
2379:, sometimes called
2295:fixed-wing aircraft
2232:gas turbine engines
1698:celestial mechanics
1668:such as a tail. As
1538:classical mechanics
1339:rotational momentum
1275:, angle of attack (
987:fixed-wing aircraft
888:that maintains its
860:Aerospace materials
747:structural dynamics
693:β is the branch of
499:equations of motion
380:Newton's Second Law
48:Contents:
20099:Telecommunications
20004:Naval architecture
19477:. pp. 45β48.
19475:ASTM International
19306:2015-03-23 at the
19282:From The Ground Up
19041:. History.nasa.gov
18603:, pp. 238, 246β252
17496:"Etymology online"
17432:2020-08-04 at the
17039:American Scientist
16861:NASA/CRβ2004-21309
16609:on April 27, 2017.
16580:2009-02-06 at the
16276:(second Edition),
16139:From the Ground Up
16070:barometric formula
16066:Earth's atmosphere
16064:Note that for the
15900:Wu, H.-C. (2005).
15860:2011-07-16 at the
15137:2018-11-29 at the
14288:can be one to two
14282:lift-to-drag ratio
14270:aerodynamic forces
13934:frame of reference
13932:with respect to a
13762:Two-stage-to-orbit
13558:
13528:
13506:
13473:
13432:
13401:
13383:
13347:to find the final
13195:β superior to the
13184:β inferior to the
13131:Special relativity
12261:
12193:
12166:
12116:
12018:
12001:{\displaystyle xy}
11998:
11975:
11955:
11935:
11915:
11887:β states that the
11865:skin friction drag
11814:Christiaan Huygens
11731:homogeneous sphere
11685:orbiting planets,
11639:non-inclined orbit
11635:plane of reference
11488:general relativity
11361:inverse-square law
11319:, an orbit is the
11252:medium (such as a
11250:compressible fluid
11108:
10992:. It is a part of
10976:This is a general
10892:parabolic equation
10655:frame of reference
10544:
10432:rotational inertia
10358:which would use a
10028:liquid propellants
9988:specific impulse (
9984:liquid propellants
9878:, particularly in
9715:surface such as a
9533:Gateaux derivative
9517:
9480:
9447:
9318:
9248:
9221:
9197:
9170:
9144:
9114:
9085:
9059:
8969:
8905:
8878:
8813:
8783:
8752:
8710:
8651:
8628:{\displaystyle (v}
8625:
8603:
8583:
8563:
8526:
8506:
8486:
8447:
8400:
8377:
8046:
7790:pendulum stability
7603:astronomical units
7421:sea level standard
7409:airspeed indicator
7400:Indicated airspeed
7270:
7150:
7116:
7088:stable equilibrium
7052:interstellar space
7030:, determining the
6964:rocket propellants
6873:and many forms of
6699:natural phenomenon
6629:, a gravitational
6373:β As the aircraft
5987:general relativity
5779:interstellar space
5757:, determining the
5406:shape of the wings
5342:yield stress limit
5284:Peter Guthrie Tait
5272:frame of reference
5154:
5123:
4996:
4889:
4804:
4779:
4732:
4685:
4645:
4615:
4498:
4408:
4350:
3918:Earth's atmosphere
3815:
3769:
3736:
3710:
3684:
3658:
3630:
3598:
3560:. The equation is:
3510:
3509:
3478:
3477:
3446:
3445:
3104:"), symbolised as
2953:angle of incidence
2912:distribution with
2757:. With high-speed
2735:numerical analysis
2729:), is a branch of
2649:
2589:
2381:radial compressors
2356:Center of pressure
2299:wing configuration
2222:of an aircraft or
2146:Earth's atmosphere
2047:
1654:inner Solar System
1634:lift-to-drag ratio
1546:sectorial velocity
1498:body being orbited
1481: 'near') and
1371:radians per second
1347:conserved quantity
1335:moment of momentum
1290:
1205:diffuse reflection
721:and understanding
463:satellite receiver
453:and available for
393:Accelerations are
346:is positive), and
207:Above ground level
20960:
20959:
20942:Scientific naming
20932:Quantum computing
20762:Computer hardware
20757:Clinical research
20752:Civil engineering
20647:
20646:
20576:Civil engineering
20522:Licensed engineer
20517:Engineer's degree
20469:
20468:
20301:Building services
20284:Health technology
20145:Chemical reaction
20094:Signal processing
19567:"Wright Brothers"
19484:978-0-8031-1183-7
19462:Gat, Uri (1988).
19253:978-0-201-07392-8
19226:978-0-444-87140-4
19099:. pp. 41β42.
19091:(in Portuguese).
19024:978-88-470-5280-2
18995:978-3-540-22321-4
18966:978-0-521-39788-9
18931:978-3-642-10491-6
18914:Piel, A. (2010).
18900:978-1-4665-0990-0
18852:978-1-4772-3372-6
18757:978-0-07-802767-3
18680:Mineola, New York
18429:978-3-11-088693-1
18402:978-0-521-37605-1
18281:978-1-56032-733-2
18248:978-0-470-59679-1
18064:. pp. 44β45.
18062:Popular Mechanics
17588:"Lagrange Points"
17586:Weisstein, Eric.
17409:978-81-203-3862-3
17369:(A6): 2637β2646.
17204:978-1-4419-0874-2
17171:Business Standard
16921:978-94-011-4379-0
16716:Boris Garfinkel.
16324:Lippincott. p.206
16298:978-0-521-57572-0
16098:978-1-4831-5976-8
16031:978-1-107-00575-4
15841:978-81-203-4839-4
15639:978-0-471-85546-0
15620:978-1-56027-287-8
15555:Popular Mechanics
15411:978-0-521-66396-0
15381:978-0-470-15837-1
15234:978-1-56027-783-5
14952:978-0-470-75440-5
14746:978-0-7641-0236-3
14715:978-0-486-24021-3
14684:978-0-559-36871-4
14662:978-0-07-151135-3
14493:
14492:
14454:
14453:
14415:
14414:
13996:metres per second
13940:and direction of
13835:ballistic missile
13627:air data computer
13607:temperature probe
13531:{\displaystyle a}
13300:Tether propulsion
13242:Terminal velocity
13087:Spacecraft design
12599:Resistojet rocket
12473:
12472:
12381:Pressure altitude
12021:{\displaystyle z}
11978:{\displaystyle O}
11958:{\displaystyle z}
11938:{\displaystyle y}
11918:{\displaystyle x}
11889:moment of inertia
11873:lift-induced drag
11847:between the axes.
11838:center of gravity
11822:moment of inertia
11810:Steiner's theorem
11715:orbital maneuvers
11655:revolution period
11583:Orbital mechanics
11480:orbital mechanics
11355:, which explains
11337:natural satellite
11200:equals the force.
11103:
11030:acting along the
10837:equation of state
10670:Multistage rocket
10415:Moment of inertia
10239:charged particles
10003:rocket propellant
9936:mechanical energy
9742:that relates the
9619:orbit corrections
9615:centrifugal force
9595:Lagrangian points
9383:
9369:
9364:
9362:
9350:
9088:{\displaystyle M}
9028:
8965:
8963:
8921:action functional
8635:is tangential to
8606:{\displaystyle q}
8586:{\displaystyle v}
8529:{\displaystyle V}
8509:{\displaystyle T}
8461:. By convention,
8403:{\displaystyle M}
8213:Nikolai Zhukovsky
8031:
7944:Donald J. Kessler
7814:lateral stability
7798:center of gravity
7728:cryogenic engines
7724:space exploration
7601:are less than 30
7587:planetary systems
7268:
7221:
7119:{\displaystyle n}
7074:is the branch of
6895:orbital mechanics
6623:orbital mechanics
6537:physical constant
6496:Robert H. Goddard
6231:with one hundred
6088:, passengers, or
5971:Newtonian physics
5535:. Changes to the
5497:β A conventional
5330:materials science
5268:coordinate system
5057:
5042:
4296:potential density
4165:β The empennage (
4073:fixed axis, or a
3990:angular parameter
3986:orbital mechanics
3981:Eccentric anomaly
3962:greenhouse effect
3746:is the reference
3739:{\displaystyle A}
3713:{\displaystyle u}
3597:
3341:propagation delay
3300:change across an
3046:materials science
2832:automatic control
2647:
2627:
2314:Center of gravity
2301:or the foreplane.
2256:telecommunication
2190:that opposes the
2114:sustainer rockets
1734:natural satellite
1713:Atmospheric entry
1690:Orbital mechanics
1572:), symbolized as
1417:Antimatter rocket
1217:astronomical body
1211:out of the total
1185:dirigible balloon
1081:β A conventional
995:longitudinal axis
816:Aerospace bearing
751:dynamical systems
719:energy harvesting
633:). The resulting
585:β is a branch of
407:parallelogram law
255:Absolute humidity
19:This glossary of
21000:
20767:Computer science
20674:
20667:
20660:
20651:
20650:
20637:
20627:
20626:
20617:
20616:
20607:
20606:
20477:
20064:Electromechanics
19850:
19849:
19803:
19796:
19789:
19780:
19779:
19773:
19766:
19754:
19732:
19726:
19725:
19720:
19710:
19704:
19702:
19689:
19683:
19615:
19609:
19599:
19587:
19586:
19584:
19582:
19573:. Archived from
19563:
19557:
19552:
19546:
19541:
19535:
19518:
19512:
19495:
19489:
19488:
19459:
19453:
19452:
19416:
19410:
19409:
19406:10.1119/1.880152
19379:
19373:
19366:
19360:
19359:
19341:
19335:
19334:
19332:
19331:
19320:
19311:
19298:
19292:
19278:
19269:
19268:
19266:
19265:
19237:
19231:
19230:
19212:
19206:
19205:
19203:
19201:
19185:
19179:
19178:
19176:
19174:
19155:, 160β162, 190.
19150:
19140:
19134:
19122:
19116:
19115:
19107:
19101:
19100:
19097:Clube de Autores
19082:
19076:
19075:
19073:
19071:
19056:
19050:
19049:
19047:
19046:
19035:
19029:
19028:
19006:
19000:
18999:
18981:
18975:
18974:
18952:Guide to the Sun
18946:
18940:
18939:
18924:. pp. 4β5.
18911:
18905:
18904:
18886:
18880:
18863:
18857:
18856:
18836:
18830:
18829:
18817:
18807:
18801:
18800:
18798:
18788:
18782:
18768:
18762:
18761:
18743:
18737:
18736:
18718:
18709:
18708:
18700:
18694:
18693:
18671:
18665:
18664:
18662:
18660:
18655:on March 9, 2007
18635:
18629:
18628:
18626:
18625:
18616:. Archived from
18610:
18604:
18597:
18591:
18586:
18580:
18575:
18569:
18568:
18566:
18565:
18551:
18545:
18535:
18529:
18528:
18510:
18504:
18471:
18465:
18458:
18452:
18451:
18440:
18434:
18433:
18413:
18407:
18406:
18386:
18380:
18379:
18353:
18347:
18346:
18339:
18333:
18332:
18325:
18319:
18301:
18295:
18292:
18286:
18285:
18269:
18259:
18253:
18252:
18234:
18228:
18227:
18225:
18224:
18214:
18190:
18184:
18183:
18178:
18176:
18161:
18155:
18154:
18146:
18140:
18139:
18137:
18136:
18122:
18116:
18115:
18113:
18112:
18097:
18091:
18090:
18088:
18087:
18072:
18066:
18065:
18059:
18050:
18044:
18043:
18029:
18020:
18014:
18013:
17987:
17975:
17969:
17959:
17953:
17952:
17944:
17938:
17937:
17919:
17913:
17899:
17893:
17892:
17890:
17888:
17878:
17870:
17864:
17863:
17861:
17859:
17853:
17846:
17838:
17832:
17831:
17829:
17828:
17819:. Archived from
17813:
17807:
17806:
17804:
17792:
17786:
17785:
17783:
17781:
17765:
17759:
17758:
17756:
17755:
17732:
17726:
17725:
17723:
17722:
17707:
17701:
17700:
17660:
17654:
17653:
17643:
17611:
17605:
17602:
17596:
17595:
17583:
17577:
17576:
17540:
17534:
17533:
17515:
17509:
17506:
17500:
17499:
17492:
17486:
17485:
17478:
17472:
17471:
17453:
17447:
17442:
17436:
17424:
17422:
17421:
17393:
17387:
17386:
17358:
17349:
17348:
17346:
17345:
17328:
17322:
17321:
17319:
17318:
17309:. Archived from
17295:
17289:
17288:
17286:
17284:
17261:
17255:
17254:
17252:
17250:
17227:
17221:
17220:
17218:
17216:
17188:
17182:
17181:
17179:
17178:
17162:
17156:
17155:
17153:
17151:
17136:
17130:
17129:
17124:
17114:
17108:
17105:Arthur C. Clarke
17101:
17095:
17094:
17092:
17091:
17082:. Archived from
17076:
17070:
17069:
17067:
17066:
17060:
17054:. Archived from
17035:
17026:
17020:
17006:
16997:
16989:
16983:
16982:
16956:
16950:
16949:
16947:
16946:
16932:
16926:
16925:
16905:
16899:
16898:
16896:
16894:
16879:
16873:
16872:
16869:2060/20040084644
16856:
16850:
16849:
16847:
16845:
16809:
16803:
16802:
16800:
16798:
16783:
16777:
16776:
16774:
16772:
16761:
16755:
16754:
16752:
16751:
16732:
16726:
16725:
16713:
16707:
16706:
16704:
16703:
16697:
16690:
16681:
16675:
16674:
16672:
16670:
16653:"What is a GPS?"
16649:
16643:
16642:
16640:
16638:
16632:
16625:
16617:
16611:
16610:
16608:
16601:
16590:
16584:
16572:
16566:
16563:
16557:
16553:
16547:
16543:
16537:
16534:
16528:
16524:
16518:
16503:
16497:
16496:
16494:
16493:
16487:
16481:. Archived from
16480:
16472:
16466:
16465:
16463:
16461:
16447:
16438:
16437:
16435:
16434:
16428:en.wikibooks.org
16420:
16411:
16408:
16399:
16398:
16396:
16394:
16380:
16374:
16371:
16365:
16354:
16348:
16347:
16346:
16344:
16331:
16325:
16318:
16312:
16306:
16300:
16287:
16281:
16271:
16265:
16250:
16244:
16243:
16215:
16209:
16208:
16206:
16204:
16199:on July 22, 2012
16185:
16179:
16178:
16176:
16174:
16165:. Archived from
16155:
16149:
16135:
16126:
16112:
16103:
16102:
16082:
16076:
16062:
16056:
16042:
16036:
16035:
16015:
16009:
16008:
16006:
16005:
15996:. Archived from
15990:
15984:
15981:
15975:
15974:
15963:
15957:
15951:
15945:
15944:
15922:
15916:
15915:
15897:
15891:
15890:
15884:
15874:
15868:
15852:
15846:
15845:
15825:
15819:
15812:
15806:
15805:
15803:
15801:
15786:
15777:
15767:
15761:
15760:
15758:
15756:
15741:
15735:
15734:
15732:
15730:
15716:
15710:
15709:
15707:
15705:
15699:
15688:
15682:
15671:
15665:
15648:
15642:
15641:. LCCN 56002849.
15631:
15625:
15623:
15606:
15600:
15593:
15587:
15580:
15574:
15573:
15547:
15541:
15540:
15538:
15536:
15520:
15514:
15513:
15511:
15509:
15504:on July 27, 2020
15494:
15488:
15487:
15485:
15483:
15472:"Rocket Staging"
15468:
15462:
15453:
15447:
15446:
15422:
15416:
15415:
15396:Batchelor, G. K.
15392:
15386:
15385:
15362:
15356:
15343:Rutstrum, Carl,
15341:
15335:
15334:
15333:
15332:
15319:
15313:
15312:
15310:
15308:
15302:
15293:
15287:
15286:
15284:
15282:
15276:
15269:
15260:
15254:
15253:
15251:
15249:
15243:
15237:. Archived from
15226:
15217:
15208:
15202:
15201:
15199:
15197:
15183:
15177:
15163:
15157:
15147:
15141:
15124:
15118:
15117:
15106:
15097:
15096:
15094:
15092:
15077:
15071:
15070:
15063:
15057:
15056:
15054:
15053:
15038:
15032:
15031:
15029:
15027:
15013:
15007:
15006:
14991:
14985:
14984:
14982:
14980:
14961:
14955:
14937:
14931:
14930:
14928:
14927:
14912:
14906:
14905:
14877:
14871:
14870:
14860:
14828:
14822:
14821:
14819:
14817:
14801:
14792:
14782:
14776:
14775:
14773:
14771:
14760:
14751:
14750:
14726:
14720:
14719:
14695:
14689:
14688:
14670:
14664:
14644:
14638:
14635:
14629:
14628:
14624:9780-11792-893-0
14611:
14488:
14485:
14475:You can help by
14468:
14461:
14449:
14446:
14436:You can help by
14429:
14422:
14410:
14407:
14397:You can help by
14390:
14383:
14336:heavier-than-air
14320:, also known as
14211:weighted average
14139:aerodynamic drag
14100:control surfaces
14063:Vortex generator
13955:, the branch of
13950:
13869:on 20 June 1944.
13860:
13851:vengeance weapon
13843:Second World War
13815:Vergeltungswaffe
13808:
13685:β the path of a
13653:follows through
13613:is converted to
13567:
13565:
13564:
13559:
13538:is the object's
13537:
13535:
13534:
13529:
13515:
13513:
13512:
13507:
13505:
13504:
13482:
13480:
13479:
13474:
13472:
13471:
13441:
13439:
13438:
13433:
13414:
13409:
13396:
13391:
13139:Specific impulse
13063:Space technology
13035:used during the
12757:Scalar (physics)
12688:Gertrude Rogallo
12549:rocket thrusters
12468:
12465:
12455:You can help by
12448:
12441:
12349:Pogo oscillation
12328:and possibly to
12320:, including the
12285:Plasma (physics)
12270:
12268:
12267:
12262:
12260:
12259:
12244:
12243:
12228:
12227:
12202:
12200:
12199:
12194:
12192:
12191:
12175:
12173:
12172:
12167:
12165:
12164:
12125:
12123:
12122:
12117:
12115:
12114:
12102:
12101:
12089:
12088:
12027:
12025:
12024:
12019:
12007:
12005:
12004:
11999:
11984:
11982:
11981:
11976:
11964:
11962:
11961:
11956:
11944:
11942:
11941:
11936:
11924:
11922:
11921:
11916:
11861:aerodynamic drag
11855:β also known as
11804:β also known as
11754:Osculating orbit
11566:) is the use of
11555:Orbital maneuver
11528:orbital maneuver
11468:two-body systems
11451:Orbital elements
11444:two-body problem
11234:Nose cone design
11117:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11102:
11101:
11092:
11091:
11090:
11081:
11080:
11070:
10833:Newtonian fluids
10801:
10800:
10797:
10796:
10793:
10790:
10787:
10784:
10780:
10779:
10776:
10773:
10770:
10767:
10764:
10573:metre per second
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10529:
10511:
10505:
10499:
10399:Metre per second
10241:radiated by the
10143:
10142:
10139:
10138:
10135:
10132:
10129:
10020:specific impulse
9882:, which include
9859:Lighter than air
9732:Lift coefficient
9681:
9654:Kessler syndrome
9603:libration points
9592:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9581:
9578:
9575:
9572:
9569:
9566:
9551:Lagrangian point
9526:
9524:
9523:
9518:
9516:
9515:
9489:
9487:
9486:
9481:
9456:
9454:
9453:
9448:
9440:
9436:
9426:
9425:
9411:
9410:
9404:
9403:
9392:
9391:
9384:
9382:
9371:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9313:
9308:
9296:
9295:
9283:
9282:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9222:
9220:
9219:
9206:
9204:
9203:
9198:
9196:
9195:
9179:
9177:
9176:
9171:
9169:
9168:
9153:
9151:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9139:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9115:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9094:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9060:
9030:
9029:
9021:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8984:
8983:
8982:
8967:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8954:
8941:
8940:
8917:stationary point
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8868:
8867:
8855:
8854:
8839:
8838:
8822:
8820:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8808:
8792:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8782:
8781:
8761:
8759:
8758:
8753:
8742:
8741:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8652:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8612:
8610:
8609:
8604:
8592:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8572:
8570:
8569:
8564:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8495:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8448:
8409:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8386:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8153:stagnation point
8081:heavier-than-air
8055:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8032:
8024:
7936:ablation cascade
7923:Kessler syndrome
7720:Chairman of ISRO
7689:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7641:by accelerating
7567:planetary system
7492:
7491:
7487:
7473:radio navigation
7417:dynamic pressure
7403:β (IAS), is the
7306:Hypersonic speed
7294:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7252:
7248:
7247:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7190:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7117:
7046:, understanding
6928:elliptical orbit
6925:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6828:
6823:specific impulse
6809:thrusters use a
6739:physical objects
6733:, gravity gives
6600:
6594:
6592:
6545:Sir Isaac Newton
6531:
6488:atmospheric drag
6460:time information
6389:: the increased
6363:equatorial plane
6339:Earth's rotation
6311:Earth's rotation
6218:
6217:
6211:
6192:interstellar gas
6188:stellar remnants
6182:bound system of
6128:β (FANS), is an
6118:lifting surfaces
6072:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6041:, the fuselage (
5960:
5954:
5705:applied to them.
5627:radio navigation
5611:flight engineers
5527:manipulates the
5456:high-lift device
5258:to describe the
5188:in terms of its
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5110:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5058:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5030:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4940:
4932:
4931:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4772:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4715:
4714:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4661:
4660:
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4644:
4639:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4593:
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4571:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4527:
4507:
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4499:
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4397:
4396:
4391:
4382:
4381:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4293:
4290:, the enstrophy
4276:control surfaces
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4109:by accelerating
4056:Eigenvector slew
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3781:drag coefficient
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3745:
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3742:
3737:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3693:
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3667:
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3659:
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3656:
3639:
3637:
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3631:
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3599:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3519:
3517:
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3511:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3417:Drag coefficient
3237:is the object's
3139:the same as the
3125:orbital maneuver
2939:β Decalage on a
2928:Damage tolerance
2796:accessory drives
2781:), is a type of
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2405:potential energy
2319:resultant torque
2260:cable management
2252:wiring harnesses
2142:bounding surface
2070:Big dumb booster
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2020:Hohmann transfer
2004:orbital maneuver
1992:potential energy
1963:Relative bearing
1959:Absolute bearing
1770:celestial sphere
1761:Attitude control
1648:β Asteroids are
1578:orbital elements
1576:, is one of the
1438:specific impulse
1358:Angular velocity
1326:Angular momentum
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1183:β An airship or
1114:American English
1071:hot air balloons
1033:or by using the
1021:that is able to
914:lighter than air
881:Aerospike engine
615:elliptical orbit
593:fluid motion or
505:which takes the
392:
349:
345:
338:
330:
319:
311:
296:
288:
280:
49:
21008:
21007:
21003:
21002:
21001:
20999:
20998:
20997:
20963:
20962:
20961:
20956:
20855:Hebrew toponyms
20850:Arabic toponyms
20688:
20678:
20648:
20643:
20595:
20542:
20526:
20502:Master's degree
20478:
20465:
20379:Instrumentation
20242:
20184:
20150:Electrochemical
20103:
20089:Radio frequency
20028:
19955:
19919:Municipal/Urban
19843:
19841:
19835:
19812:
19807:
19777:
19776:
19767:
19763:
19758:
19757:
19733:
19729:
19711:
19707:
19700:
19690:
19686:
19677:
19665:
19656:Einstein tensor
19616:
19612:
19600:
19596:
19591:
19590:
19580:
19578:
19565:
19564:
19560:
19553:
19549:
19542:
19538:
19519:
19515:
19496:
19492:
19485:
19460:
19456:
19417:
19413:
19380:
19376:
19367:
19363:
19356:
19342:
19338:
19329:
19327:
19321:
19314:
19308:Wayback Machine
19299:
19295:
19280:Peppler, I.L.:
19279:
19272:
19263:
19261:
19254:
19238:
19234:
19227:
19213:
19209:
19199:
19197:
19196:on July 7, 2019
19186:
19182:
19172:
19170:
19163:
19141:
19137:
19132:Wayback Machine
19123:
19119:
19108:
19104:
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19042:
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19025:
19007:
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18996:
18982:
18978:
18967:
18959:. p. 295.
18947:
18943:
18932:
18912:
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18887:
18883:
18873:Wayback Machine
18864:
18860:
18853:
18845:. AuthorHouse.
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18249:
18235:
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18191:
18187:
18174:
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18163:
18162:
18158:
18147:
18143:
18134:
18132:
18124:
18123:
18119:
18110:
18108:
18106:Popular Science
18098:
18094:
18085:
18083:
18073:
18069:
18057:
18051:
18047:
18027:
18021:
18017:
18010:10.2514/3.27919
17985:
17976:
17972:
17960:
17956:
17945:
17941:
17934:
17920:
17916:
17900:
17896:
17886:
17884:
17881:ExoMars Project
17876:
17872:
17871:
17867:
17857:
17855:
17851:
17844:
17840:
17839:
17835:
17826:
17824:
17815:
17814:
17810:
17802:10.1.1.693.6602
17793:
17789:
17779:
17777:
17774:Genesis Mission
17766:
17762:
17753:
17751:
17733:
17729:
17720:
17718:
17716:Popular Science
17708:
17704:
17661:
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17503:
17494:
17493:
17489:
17480:
17479:
17475:
17468:
17454:
17450:
17443:
17439:
17434:Wayback Machine
17427:Chapter 1, p. 9
17419:
17417:
17410:
17394:
17390:
17359:
17352:
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17062:
17058:
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17007:
17000:
16990:
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16979:
16957:
16953:
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16857:
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16695:
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16678:
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16646:
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16606:
16599:
16595:
16593:
16591:
16587:
16582:Wayback Machine
16573:
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16521:
16504:
16500:
16491:
16489:
16485:
16478:
16474:
16473:
16469:
16459:
16457:
16455:Merriam-Webster
16449:
16448:
16441:
16432:
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16422:
16421:
16414:
16409:
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16390:
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16368:
16355:
16351:
16342:
16340:
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16328:
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16315:
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16288:
16284:
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16251:
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16200:
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16186:
16182:
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16170:
16156:
16152:
16136:
16129:
16113:
16106:
16099:
16083:
16079:
16063:
16059:
16043:
16039:
16032:
16016:
16012:
16003:
16001:
15994:"What is Drag?"
15992:
15991:
15987:
15982:
15978:
15965:
15964:
15960:
15952:
15948:
15937:
15923:
15919:
15912:
15898:
15894:
15875:
15871:
15862:Wayback Machine
15853:
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15809:
15799:
15797:
15788:
15787:
15780:
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15754:
15752:
15743:
15742:
15738:
15728:
15726:
15718:
15717:
15713:
15703:
15701:
15697:
15690:
15689:
15685:
15672:
15668:
15649:
15645:
15632:
15628:
15621:
15607:
15603:
15594:
15590:
15581:
15577:
15549:
15548:
15544:
15534:
15532:
15521:
15517:
15507:
15505:
15496:
15495:
15491:
15481:
15479:
15478:on June 2, 2016
15470:
15469:
15465:
15454:
15450:
15443:
15435:. p. 264.
15423:
15419:
15412:
15393:
15389:
15382:
15363:
15359:
15342:
15338:
15330:
15328:
15320:
15316:
15306:
15304:
15300:
15294:
15290:
15280:
15278:
15274:
15267:
15261:
15257:
15247:
15245:
15244:on 18 June 2015
15241:
15235:
15224:
15215:
15209:
15205:
15195:
15193:
15185:
15184:
15180:
15164:
15160:
15148:
15144:
15139:Wayback Machine
15125:
15121:
15108:
15107:
15100:
15090:
15088:
15079:
15078:
15074:
15065:
15064:
15060:
15051:
15049:
15039:
15035:
15025:
15023:
15015:
15014:
15010:
14993:
14992:
14988:
14978:
14976:
14963:
14962:
14958:
14938:
14934:
14925:
14923:
14913:
14909:
14878:
14874:
14829:
14825:
14815:
14813:
14812:on June 3, 2008
14802:
14795:
14783:
14779:
14769:
14767:
14762:
14761:
14754:
14747:
14727:
14723:
14716:
14696:
14692:
14685:
14671:
14667:
14645:
14641:
14636:
14632:
14625:
14613:
14612:
14608:
14603:
14498:
14489:
14483:
14480:
14459:
14450:
14444:
14441:
14420:
14411:
14405:
14402:
14381:
14360:Wright brothers
14286:angle of attack
14249:β is a type of
14202:Weight function
14159:viscous effects
14125:
14092:flow separation
14028:flow conditions
14014:β (also called
13945:
13858:
13855:Allied bombings
13804:
13791:
13772:
13730:Transverse wave
13623:air temperature
13615:internal energy
13601:β In aviation,
13549:
13546:
13545:
13523:
13520:
13519:
13500:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13490:
13467:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13457:
13410:
13405:
13392:
13387:
13381:
13378:
13377:
13277:
13262:
13221:
13071:Space transport
12861:Stream function
12728:
12680:Francis Rogallo
12615:Reynolds number
12518:Ram accelerator
12478:
12469:
12463:
12460:
12439:
12340:β is a type of
12310:ordinary matter
12255:
12251:
12239:
12235:
12223:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12213:
12187:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12177:
12160:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12150:
12110:
12106:
12097:
12093:
12084:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12074:
12054:
12045:
12036:
12013:
12010:
12009:
12008:plane, and the
11990:
11987:
11986:
11970:
11967:
11966:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11859:, is a type of
11796:
11723:low Earth orbit
11689:orbiting other
11508:reference plane
11365:Albert Einstein
11341:elliptic orbits
11321:gravitationally
11307:
11136:
11129:
11097:
11093:
11086:
11082:
11076:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11058:
11055:
11054:
10932:, specifically
10884:Euler equations
10781:
10761:
10757:
10716:
10536:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10507:
10501:
10495:
10472:linear momentum
10450:determines the
10391:Membrane mirror
10321:of mass is the
10269:which uses the
10265:) is a form of
10193:
10180:lunar spacelift
10126:
10122:
10082:β (LEO), is an
10079:Low Earth orbit
10010:for the rocket.
9994:
9924:liquid hydrogen
9888:moored balloons
9790:two-dimensional
9787:
9775:Reynolds number
9772:
9746:generated by a
9677:
9563:
9559:
9535:in mathematics.
9531:in physics and
9511:
9510:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9421:
9417:
9416:
9412:
9406:
9405:
9393:
9387:
9386:
9385:
9375:
9370:
9359:
9354:
9352:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9333:
9332:
9309:
9304:
9303:
9291:
9287:
9278:
9274:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9242:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9191:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9164:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9154:
9135:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9108:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9020:
9019:
8990:
8986:
8985:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8960:
8955:
8953:
8952:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8899:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8863:
8859:
8850:
8846:
8834:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8804:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8794:
8777:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8767:
8737:
8733:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8702:
8693:
8688:
8687:
8670:
8667:
8666:
8663:tangent bundles
8640:
8637:
8636:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8521:
8518:
8517:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8395:
8392:
8391:
8360:
8357:
8356:
8226:
8217:inviscid theory
8109:Kutta condition
8040:
8036:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8009:traveling at a
7952:space pollution
7948:low Earth orbit
7938:), proposed by
7883:semi-major axis
7834:Johannes Kepler
7832:, published by
7786:pendulum effect
7772:
7757:that generates
7751:reaction engine
7749:β is a type of
7741:
7669:
7665:
7557:travel between
7523:Lagrange points
7511:gravitationally
7495:missed approach
7489:
7485:
7484:
7386:
7372:
7289:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7243:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7230:
7226:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7196:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7076:fluid mechanics
6996:fluid mechanics
6932:circular orbits
6902:
6898:
6882:High-hypersonic
6849:β is a type of
6826:
6769:
6611:1798 experiment
6607:Henry Cavendish
6596:
6590:
6588:
6553:Albert Einstein
6527:
6475:Goddard problem
6396:Reynolds number
6180:gravitationally
6170:
6046:
6042:
6011:Earth's surface
5956:
5950:
5875:fluid mechanics
5786:Fluid mechanics
5723:fluid mechanics
5677:, a fluid is a
5588:, its changing
5565:Flight dynamics
5556:for all blades
5554:angle of attack
5542:angle of attack
5320:
5288:George H. Bryan
5207:Euclidean space
5186:physical system
5149:
5146:
5145:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4957:
4951:
4947:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4850:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4768:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4726:
4722:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4679:
4672:
4668:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4609:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4555:
4542:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4485:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4456:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:Given a domain
4308:turbulent flows
4291:
4264:flight dynamics
4252:French language
4208:
4204:
4170:
4166:
4139:angle of attack
4097:β is a form of
4087:momentum wheels
3958:solar radiation
3935:Earth's gravity
3913:
3892:liquid hydrogen
3827:Reynolds number
3825:depends on the
3809:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3605:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3266:flight dynamics
3158:required for a
3143:of the vehicle.
3111:and pronounced
2961:De Laval nozzle
2923:
2906:cylinder stress
2897:Cylinder stress
2846:Controllability
2739:data structures
2731:fluid mechanics
2639:
2631:
2629:
2619:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2557:compressibility
2553:fluid mechanics
2544:Compressibility
2485:collimated beam
2480:Collimated beam
2471:, from which a
2210:
2182:, is an upward
2134:fluid mechanics
2116:to augment the
2041:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2024:elliptic orbits
1935:thermal rockets
1902:flow separation
1832:
1564:β (also called
1542:sector velocity
1510:arcjet thruster
1468:elliptic orbits
1343:linear momentum
1285:
1282:
1281:
1268:Angle of attack
1249:weather station
1215:received by an
1213:solar radiation
1209:solar radiation
1158:pressure vessel
1122:British English
1043:downward thrust
884:β is a type of
743:solid mechanics
739:fluid mechanics
563:computer vision
497:from which the
495:physical system
390:
347:
340:
339:(in which case
336:
321:
317:
302:
294:
286:
274:
242:(AMSL), or (in
202:
197:
196:
195:
194:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
21006:
20996:
20995:
20990:
20985:
20980:
20975:
20958:
20957:
20955:
20954:
20949:
20944:
20939:
20934:
20929:
20924:
20919:
20914:
20909:
20907:Nanotechnology
20904:
20899:
20894:
20889:
20884:
20879:
20877:Machine vision
20874:
20869:
20864:
20863:
20862:
20857:
20852:
20847:
20842:
20834:
20833:
20832:
20827:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20803:
20802:
20797:
20789:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20764:
20759:
20754:
20749:
20744:
20739:
20734:
20729:
20724:
20719:
20714:
20709:
20704:
20699:
20693:
20690:
20689:
20680:Glossaries of
20677:
20676:
20669:
20662:
20654:
20645:
20644:
20642:
20641:
20631:
20621:
20611:
20600:
20597:
20596:
20594:
20593:
20588:
20583:
20578:
20573:
20568:
20567:
20566:
20561:
20552:
20550:
20544:
20543:
20541:
20540:
20534:
20532:
20531:Related topics
20528:
20527:
20525:
20524:
20519:
20514:
20509:
20504:
20499:
20494:
20488:
20486:
20480:
20479:
20472:
20470:
20467:
20466:
20464:
20463:
20458:
20453:
20451:Sustainability
20448:
20443:
20438:
20433:
20428:
20423:
20418:
20413:
20408:
20403:
20398:
20393:
20388:
20387:
20386:
20376:
20371:
20366:
20361:
20356:
20351:
20346:
20341:
20336:
20331:
20326:
20320:
20315:
20313:Geoengineering
20310:
20309:
20308:
20298:
20297:
20296:
20294:Rehabilitation
20291:
20289:Pharmaceutical
20286:
20281:
20276:
20274:Bioinformatics
20266:
20261:
20256:
20250:
20248:
20244:
20243:
20241:
20240:
20235:
20233:Semiconductors
20230:
20225:
20223:Nanotechnology
20220:
20215:
20210:
20205:
20200:
20194:
20192:
20186:
20185:
20183:
20182:
20177:
20172:
20167:
20162:
20157:
20152:
20147:
20142:
20141:
20140:
20135:
20130:
20120:
20113:
20111:
20105:
20104:
20102:
20101:
20096:
20091:
20086:
20081:
20076:
20071:
20066:
20061:
20056:
20055:
20054:
20044:
20038:
20036:
20030:
20029:
20027:
20026:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20006:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19986:
19981:
19976:
19971:
19965:
19963:
19957:
19956:
19954:
19953:
19952:
19951:
19946:
19939:Transportation
19936:
19931:
19926:
19921:
19916:
19911:
19906:
19901:
19896:
19895:
19894:
19889:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19864:
19858:
19856:
19847:
19837:
19836:
19834:
19833:
19828:
19823:
19817:
19814:
19813:
19806:
19805:
19798:
19791:
19783:
19775:
19774:
19760:
19759:
19756:
19755:
19727:
19705:
19684:
19673:
19661:
19610:
19593:
19592:
19589:
19588:
19558:
19547:
19536:
19520:Jane Grossman.
19513:
19490:
19483:
19454:
19411:
19374:
19372:, Section 11.7
19361:
19354:
19336:
19312:
19293:
19270:
19252:
19232:
19225:
19207:
19180:
19161:
19135:
19117:
19114:. p. 378.
19102:
19077:
19051:
19030:
19023:
19017:. p. 17.
19001:
18994:
18976:
18965:
18941:
18930:
18906:
18899:
18881:
18858:
18851:
18831:
18824:
18802:
18783:
18763:
18756:
18738:
18731:
18710:
18695:
18688:
18666:
18630:
18605:
18592:
18581:
18570:
18546:
18530:
18523:
18505:
18485:. Preceded by
18466:
18453:
18435:
18428:
18408:
18401:
18381:
18370:
18348:
18334:
18320:
18296:
18287:
18280:
18254:
18247:
18229:
18185:
18156:
18141:
18117:
18092:
18067:
18045:
18015:
17996:(8): 466β472.
17970:
17962:Abbott, Ira H.
17954:
17939:
17932:
17914:
17894:
17865:
17833:
17808:
17787:
17760:
17727:
17702:
17655:
17626:(4): 805β811.
17606:
17597:
17578:
17535:
17528:
17510:
17501:
17487:
17473:
17466:
17448:
17437:
17408:
17388:
17350:
17323:
17290:
17276:
17256:
17242:
17222:
17203:
17183:
17157:
17131:
17109:
17096:
17071:
17046:(3): 230β237.
17021:
16998:
16984:
16978:978-0387752457
16977:
16951:
16927:
16920:
16900:
16874:
16851:
16833:978-1429230421
16832:
16804:
16778:
16756:
16727:
16708:
16676:
16644:
16612:
16585:
16567:
16558:
16548:
16538:
16529:
16519:
16498:
16467:
16451:"Hydrostatics"
16439:
16412:
16400:
16375:
16366:
16349:
16326:
16313:
16301:
16282:
16266:
16245:
16230:
16210:
16180:
16150:
16127:
16104:
16097:
16077:
16057:
16037:
16030:
16010:
15985:
15976:
15973:. 19 May 2023.
15958:
15946:
15935:
15917:
15910:
15892:
15869:
15847:
15840:
15820:
15818:, Section 11.6
15807:
15778:
15762:
15736:
15711:
15683:
15666:
15643:
15626:
15619:
15601:
15588:
15575:
15542:
15515:
15489:
15463:
15448:
15441:
15417:
15410:
15387:
15380:
15357:
15336:
15314:
15288:
15277:on 30 May 2009
15255:
15233:
15203:
15178:
15158:
15142:
15119:
15114:Dictionary.com
15098:
15072:
15058:
15033:
15008:
14986:
14969:Dictionary.com
14956:
14932:
14907:
14872:
14823:
14793:
14777:
14752:
14745:
14721:
14714:
14690:
14683:
14665:
14639:
14630:
14623:
14605:
14604:
14602:
14599:
14598:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14572:
14567:
14562:
14557:
14552:
14547:
14542:
14536:
14530:
14525:
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14497:
14494:
14491:
14490:
14471:
14469:
14458:
14455:
14452:
14451:
14432:
14430:
14419:
14416:
14413:
14412:
14393:
14391:
14380:
14377:
14376:
14375:
14351:
14301:
14266:cross-sections
14253:that produces
14242:
14226:
14198:
14170:
14124:
14121:
14120:
14119:
14066:β (VG), is an
14059:
14035:
14006:
14005:
13985:
13976:absolute value
13961:
13960:
13926:rate of change
13917:
13898:magnetic field
13870:
13790:
13787:
13786:
13785:
13771:
13768:
13767:
13766:
13758:
13754:Turbomachinery
13750:
13742:
13734:
13726:
13718:
13710:
13702:
13634:
13611:kinetic energy
13593:
13592:
13591:
13590:
13589:
13588:
13580:
13579:
13578:
13577:
13576:
13575:
13574:
13573:
13556:
13553:
13543:
13527:
13517:
13503:
13499:
13488:
13470:
13466:
13447:
13446:
13445:
13444:
13443:
13442:
13430:
13427:
13424:
13421:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13404:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13386:
13370:
13369:
13368:
13367:
13366:
13365:
13357:
13356:
13336:
13328:
13320:
13316:Thermodynamics
13312:
13304:
13296:
13288:
13275:
13260:
13238:
13230:
13220:
13217:
13216:
13215:
13207:
13199:
13197:speed of sound
13188:
13186:speed of sound
13177:
13169:
13160:
13151:
13147:Speed of sound
13143:
13135:
13127:
13099:
13091:
13083:
13075:
13067:
13059:
13051:
13040:
13018:
13010:
12988:
12945:
12941:Space fountain
12937:
12933:Space elevator
12929:
12921:
12913:
12905:
12897:
12889:
12881:
12873:
12865:
12857:
12849:
12841:
12830:celestial body
12817:
12809:
12801:
12793:
12785:
12777:
12769:
12761:
12753:
12745:
12737:
12727:
12724:
12723:
12722:
12714:
12707:space capsules
12667:
12659:
12651:
12643:
12635:
12627:
12619:
12611:
12603:
12595:
12587:
12579:
12571:
12563:
12538:
12530:
12522:
12514:
12506:
12498:
12477:
12474:
12471:
12470:
12451:
12449:
12438:
12435:
12434:
12433:
12425:
12417:
12409:
12401:
12393:
12385:
12377:
12369:
12361:
12353:
12345:
12333:
12281:
12274:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12258:
12254:
12250:
12247:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12231:
12226:
12222:
12208:
12207:
12204:
12190:
12186:
12163:
12159:
12142:
12141:
12129:
12128:
12127:
12126:
12113:
12109:
12105:
12100:
12096:
12092:
12087:
12083:
12069:
12068:
12050:
12041:
12032:
12017:
11997:
11994:
11974:
11954:
11934:
11914:
11902:
11901:
11880:
11852:Parasitic drag
11848:
11812:, named after
11795:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11785:(position and
11750:
11742:
11719:thruster burns
11698:
11650:Orbital period
11646:
11619:
11579:
11551:
11519:
11491:
11447:
11436:conic sections
11421:elliptic orbit
11417:circular orbit
11388:
11380:
11345:center of mass
11306:
11303:
11302:
11301:
11277:
11229:
11228:
11210:
11209:
11202:
11201:
11190:
11189:
11182:
11181:
11156:
11155:
11134:
11127:
11118:
11107:
11100:
11096:
11089:
11085:
11079:
11075:
11068:
11065:
11062:
11052:
11048:
11047:
11016:
11015:
10973:
10972:
10943:
10942:
10938:
10937:
10900:
10899:
10820:
10819:
10802:) are certain
10745:
10733:
10715:
10712:
10711:
10710:
10679:launch vehicle
10666:
10614:
10590:
10586:Momentum wheel
10581:
10580:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10554:
10543:
10539:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10514:
10513:
10459:
10411:
10403:
10395:
10387:
10379:
10372:electromagnets
10343:
10337:, rather than
10274:
10254:
10251:magnetospheres
10222:
10219:speed of sound
10203:fluid dynamics
10192:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10171:
10168:Apollo program
10165:United States'
10103:
10088:orbital period
10075:
10059:
10051:
10036:monopropellant
10018:β The highest
10011:
9992:
9967:
9940:kinetic energy
9927:
9903:
9855:
9797:
9785:
9770:
9756:fluid velocity
9728:
9720:
9704:
9683:
9665:
9657:
9626:
9623:center of mass
9546:
9545:
9537:
9536:
9514:
9509:
9479:
9476:
9473:
9470:
9458:
9457:
9446:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9432:
9429:
9424:
9420:
9415:
9409:
9402:
9399:
9396:
9390:
9381:
9378:
9374:
9357:
9345:
9340:
9329:
9328:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9299:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9281:
9277:
9273:
9270:
9267:
9245:
9241:
9218:
9194:
9190:
9167:
9163:
9143:
9138:
9134:
9111:
9106:
9084:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9069:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9033:
9027:
9024:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8993:
8989:
8981:
8977:
8972:
8958:
8950:
8947:
8944:
8939:
8924:
8923:
8902:
8898:
8877:
8874:
8871:
8866:
8862:
8858:
8853:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8837:
8833:
8812:
8807:
8803:
8780:
8776:
8763:
8762:
8751:
8748:
8745:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8729:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8683:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8650:
8647:
8644:
8624:
8621:
8602:
8582:
8562:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8525:
8505:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8476:
8473:
8470:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8399:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8352:
8351:
8327:
8291:
8243:
8240:celestial body
8225:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8178:
8177:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8141:
8140:
8122:trailing edges
8114:fluid dynamics
8105:
8069:
8066:speed of light
8043:
8039:
8035:
8030:
8027:
7976:kinetic energy
7967:Kinetic energy
7963:
7928:Kessler effect
7918:
7917:
7910:laws of motion
7902:
7901:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7879:orbital period
7875:
7872:
7862:
7861:
7817:
7794:center of mass
7771:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7763:jet propulsion
7740:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7650:
7614:
7611:speed of light
7570:
7538:
7502:
7460:
7433:position error
7396:
7384:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7345:supply at the
7334:
7315:speed of sound
7301:
7300:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7242:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7195:
7178:
7177:
7162:Cauchy problem
7149:
7146:
7143:
7134:for the first
7115:
7095:
7092:fluid dynamics
7090:as opposed to
7059:
7032:mass flow rate
6992:fluid dynamics
6975:
6947:
6886:
6878:
6842:
6830:
6811:magnetic field
6799:Hall thrusters
6791:electric field
6768:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6743:Moon's gravity
6678:
6614:
6593:10 mβ
kgβ
s
6569:inverse square
6507:
6499:
6471:
6427:
6403:
6366:
6335:orbital period
6322:
6315:orbital period
6279:
6256:
6237:center of mass
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6137:
6121:
6030:
6027:weightlessness
6007:very far orbit
5962:
5937:, making it a
5917:to change its
5894:
5886:
5862:
5859:fluid dynamics
5782:
5759:mass flow rate
5710:Fluid dynamics
5706:
5666:
5642:
5598:
5561:
5513:
5490:
5478:
5460:stalling speed
5447:
5441:
5396:that generate
5382:flying machine
5373:
5345:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5299:
5291:
5256:Leonhard Euler
5247:
5238:
5230:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5006:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4888:
4885:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4802:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4753:incompressible
4746:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4638:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4575:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4441:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4320:
4319:
4300:kinetic energy
4288:fluid dynamics
4279:
4158:
4150:
4145:or horizontal
4118:
4090:
4079:principal axis
4052:
4008:
3977:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3899:
3867:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3812:
3808:
3798:. In general,
3766:
3762:
3751:
3735:
3725:
3709:
3699:
3683:
3673:
3655:
3651:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3562:
3561:
3550:fluid dynamics
3541:
3504:
3499:
3472:
3467:
3440:
3435:
3422:fluid dynamics
3413:
3402:turbulent flow
3378:fluid dynamics
3373:Drag (physics)
3369:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3328:
3320:
3294:fluid dynamics
3285:
3269:
3246:Digital Datcom
3242:
3218:
3202:
3194:
3174:
3148:Delta-v budget
3144:
3096:β (literally "
3089:
3074:external loads
3053:
3037:
3025:
3013:Dead reckoning
3009:
2998:steam turbines
2990:kinetic energy
2957:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2893:
2882:speed of sound
2876:is the lowest
2857:
2849:
2843:
2815:
2770:
2762:
2759:supercomputers
2718:
2714:Compressor map
2710:
2677:
2676:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2634:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2588:
2549:thermodynamics
2540:
2512:
2476:
2452:
2436:
2412:
2389:kinetic energy
2385:turbomachinery
2368:
2352:
2336:center of mass
2327:Center of mass
2323:
2310:
2302:
2282:
2274:
2243:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2178:, buoyancy or
2167:
2125:Boundary layer
2121:
2110:launch vehicle
2094:
2091:compressed air
2085:β produced by
2078:
2075:launch vehicle
2066:
2057:away from the
2044:
2040:
2030:at some point
1995:
1980:fluid dynamics
1971:
1946:
1906:
1905:
1865:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1798:
1786:
1757:
1709:
1681:
1641:
1605:
1597:
1590:ascending node
1557:
1533:Areal velocity
1529:
1501:
1441:
1434:energy density
1413:
1390:
1354:
1322:
1307:reference line
1289:
1273:fluid dynamics
1264:
1255:, which means
1236:
1196:
1176:
1149:
1128:, blade (of a
1112:β An airfoil (
1105:
1097:
1074:
1010:
1002:
973:β is a hinged
966:
958:
945:
925:
905:
877:
856:
828:
812:
804:space stations
800:space vehicles
786:
762:
759:control theory
755:thermodynamics
690:Aeroelasticity
686:
683:fluid dynamics
662:
646:
602:
578:
554:
546:
509:, also called
478:
471:loss of signal
459:ground station
422:
355:
293:value of
263:Absolute value
259:
251:
236:ground surface
201:
198:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
51:
45:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
21005:
20994:
20991:
20989:
20986:
20984:
20981:
20979:
20976:
20974:
20971:
20970:
20968:
20953:
20950:
20948:
20945:
20943:
20940:
20938:
20935:
20933:
20930:
20928:
20925:
20923:
20920:
20918:
20915:
20913:
20910:
20908:
20905:
20903:
20900:
20898:
20895:
20893:
20890:
20888:
20885:
20883:
20880:
20878:
20875:
20873:
20870:
20868:
20865:
20861:
20858:
20856:
20853:
20851:
20848:
20846:
20843:
20841:
20838:
20837:
20835:
20831:
20828:
20826:
20823:
20822:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20805:
20801:
20798:
20796:
20793:
20792:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20708:
20705:
20703:
20700:
20698:
20695:
20694:
20691:
20687:
20683:
20675:
20670:
20668:
20663:
20661:
20656:
20655:
20652:
20640:
20636:
20632:
20630:
20622:
20620:
20612:
20610:
20602:
20601:
20598:
20592:
20589:
20587:
20584:
20582:
20579:
20577:
20574:
20572:
20569:
20565:
20562:
20560:
20557:
20556:
20554:
20553:
20551:
20549:
20545:
20539:
20536:
20535:
20533:
20529:
20523:
20520:
20518:
20515:
20513:
20510:
20508:
20505:
20503:
20500:
20498:
20495:
20493:
20490:
20489:
20487:
20485:
20481:
20476:
20462:
20459:
20457:
20454:
20452:
20449:
20447:
20444:
20442:
20439:
20437:
20434:
20432:
20429:
20427:
20424:
20422:
20419:
20417:
20414:
20412:
20409:
20407:
20404:
20402:
20399:
20397:
20394:
20392:
20389:
20385:
20382:
20381:
20380:
20377:
20375:
20372:
20370:
20367:
20365:
20362:
20360:
20357:
20355:
20352:
20350:
20347:
20345:
20342:
20340:
20337:
20335:
20332:
20330:
20327:
20324:
20321:
20319:
20316:
20314:
20311:
20307:
20304:
20303:
20302:
20299:
20295:
20292:
20290:
20287:
20285:
20282:
20280:
20277:
20275:
20272:
20271:
20270:
20267:
20265:
20262:
20260:
20257:
20255:
20252:
20251:
20249:
20245:
20239:
20236:
20234:
20231:
20229:
20226:
20224:
20221:
20219:
20216:
20214:
20211:
20209:
20206:
20204:
20201:
20199:
20196:
20195:
20193:
20191:
20187:
20181:
20178:
20176:
20173:
20171:
20168:
20166:
20163:
20161:
20158:
20156:
20153:
20151:
20148:
20146:
20143:
20139:
20136:
20134:
20131:
20129:
20126:
20125:
20124:
20121:
20118:
20115:
20114:
20112:
20110:
20106:
20100:
20097:
20095:
20092:
20090:
20087:
20085:
20082:
20080:
20077:
20075:
20072:
20070:
20067:
20065:
20062:
20060:
20057:
20053:
20050:
20049:
20048:
20045:
20043:
20040:
20039:
20037:
20035:
20031:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19994:Manufacturing
19992:
19990:
19987:
19985:
19984:Biomechanical
19982:
19980:
19977:
19975:
19972:
19970:
19967:
19966:
19964:
19962:
19958:
19950:
19947:
19945:
19942:
19941:
19940:
19937:
19935:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19925:
19922:
19920:
19917:
19915:
19912:
19910:
19907:
19905:
19902:
19900:
19897:
19893:
19890:
19888:
19885:
19884:
19883:
19882:Environmental
19880:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19863:
19862:Architectural
19860:
19859:
19857:
19855:
19851:
19848:
19846:
19838:
19832:
19829:
19827:
19824:
19822:
19819:
19818:
19815:
19811:
19804:
19799:
19797:
19792:
19790:
19785:
19784:
19781:
19771:
19765:
19761:
19752:
19748:
19744:
19740:
19736:
19731:
19724:
19719:
19714:
19709:
19698:
19694:
19688:
19681:
19676:
19672:
19669:
19668:metric tensor
19664:
19660:
19657:
19653:
19649:
19644:
19640:
19636:
19632:
19628:
19624:
19620:
19614:
19607:
19603:
19598:
19594:
19576:
19572:
19568:
19562:
19556:
19551:
19545:
19540:
19533:
19532:0-9771170-2-2
19529:
19525:
19524:
19517:
19510:
19509:0-9771170-1-4
19506:
19502:
19501:
19494:
19486:
19480:
19476:
19472:
19470:second volume
19469:
19465:
19458:
19450:
19446:
19442:
19438:
19434:
19430:
19426:
19422:
19415:
19407:
19403:
19399:
19395:
19391:
19387:
19386:
19378:
19371:
19365:
19357:
19355:0-07-001679-8
19351:
19347:
19340:
19326:
19319:
19317:
19309:
19305:
19302:
19297:
19291:
19290:0-9690054-9-0
19287:
19283:
19277:
19275:
19259:
19255:
19249:
19245:
19244:
19236:
19228:
19222:
19218:
19211:
19195:
19191:
19184:
19168:
19164:
19162:9780029228951
19158:
19154:
19149:
19148:
19139:
19133:
19129:
19126:
19121:
19113:
19106:
19098:
19094:
19090:
19089:
19081:
19065:
19061:
19055:
19040:
19034:
19026:
19020:
19016:
19012:
19005:
18997:
18991:
18987:
18980:
18972:
18968:
18962:
18958:
18954:
18953:
18945:
18937:
18933:
18927:
18923:
18919:
18918:
18910:
18902:
18896:
18892:
18885:
18878:
18874:
18870:
18867:
18862:
18854:
18848:
18844:
18843:
18835:
18827:
18825:0-87901-041-X
18821:
18816:
18815:
18806:
18795:
18794:
18787:
18781:
18780:0 273 01120 0
18777:
18773:
18767:
18759:
18753:
18749:
18742:
18734:
18732:0-07-001679-8
18728:
18724:
18717:
18715:
18706:
18699:
18691:
18685:
18681:
18677:
18670:
18654:
18650:
18646:
18645:
18640:
18634:
18620:on 2013-12-16
18619:
18615:
18609:
18602:
18596:
18590:
18585:
18579:
18574:
18560:
18556:
18550:
18544:
18540:
18534:
18526:
18524:0-534-40896-6
18520:
18516:
18509:
18503:
18502:0-520-08817-4
18499:
18496:
18495:0-520-08816-6
18492:
18488:
18484:
18480:
18479:The Principia
18476:
18470:
18463:
18457:
18449:
18445:
18439:
18431:
18425:
18421:
18420:
18412:
18404:
18398:
18394:
18393:
18385:
18378:
18373:
18371:9781119967514
18367:
18363:
18359:
18352:
18344:
18338:
18330:
18324:
18317:
18316:0-87477-975-8
18313:
18309:
18305:
18300:
18291:
18283:
18277:
18273:
18268:
18267:
18258:
18250:
18244:
18240:
18233:
18218:
18213:
18208:
18204:
18200:
18196:
18189:
18182:
18170:
18166:
18160:
18152:
18145:
18131:
18127:
18121:
18107:
18103:
18096:
18082:
18078:
18071:
18063:
18056:
18049:
18041:
18037:
18033:
18026:
18019:
18011:
18007:
18003:
17999:
17995:
17991:
17984:
17980:
17974:
17968:. Section 1.2
17967:
17963:
17958:
17950:
17943:
17935:
17933:0-07-139606-3
17929:
17925:
17918:
17912:
17911:1-56027-287-2
17908:
17904:
17901:Crane, Dale:
17898:
17882:
17875:
17869:
17854:on 3 May 2018
17850:
17843:
17837:
17823:on 2023-04-11
17822:
17818:
17812:
17803:
17798:
17791:
17775:
17771:
17768:Walsh, Kris.
17764:
17750:
17746:
17742:
17738:
17731:
17717:
17713:
17706:
17698:
17694:
17690:
17686:
17682:
17678:
17674:
17670:
17666:
17659:
17651:
17647:
17642:
17637:
17633:
17629:
17625:
17621:
17617:
17610:
17601:
17593:
17589:
17582:
17574:
17570:
17566:
17562:
17558:
17554:
17550:
17546:
17539:
17531:
17529:0-07-001641-0
17525:
17521:
17514:
17505:
17497:
17491:
17483:
17477:
17469:
17467:9781402700941
17463:
17459:
17452:
17446:
17441:
17435:
17431:
17428:
17415:
17411:
17405:
17401:
17400:
17392:
17384:
17380:
17376:
17372:
17368:
17364:
17357:
17355:
17340:
17339:
17334:
17327:
17313:on 2012-09-30
17312:
17308:
17306:
17301:
17294:
17279:
17277:9781510726185
17273:
17269:
17268:
17260:
17245:
17243:9781785383250
17239:
17235:
17234:
17226:
17210:
17206:
17200:
17196:
17195:
17187:
17172:
17168:
17161:
17145:
17141:
17135:
17128:
17123:
17122:
17113:
17106:
17100:
17086:on 2019-06-15
17085:
17081:
17075:
17061:on 2013-10-20
17057:
17053:
17049:
17045:
17041:
17040:
17032:
17025:
17019:
17018:0-273-01120-0
17015:
17011:
17005:
17003:
16995:
16988:
16980:
16974:
16970:
16966:
16962:
16955:
16941:
16937:
16931:
16923:
16917:
16913:
16912:
16904:
16888:
16884:
16878:
16870:
16866:
16862:
16855:
16839:
16835:
16829:
16825:
16821:
16817:
16816:
16808:
16792:
16788:
16782:
16766:
16760:
16745:
16741:
16737:
16731:
16723:
16719:
16712:
16694:
16687:
16680:
16664:
16660:
16659:
16654:
16648:
16629:
16622:
16616:
16605:
16598:
16589:
16583:
16579:
16576:
16571:
16562:
16552:
16542:
16533:
16523:
16516:
16515:1-56027-287-2
16512:
16508:
16505:Crane, Dale:
16502:
16488:on 2021-10-17
16484:
16477:
16471:
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16429:
16425:
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16407:
16405:
16389:
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16370:
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16362:1 85310 870 7
16359:
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16311:
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16231:0-511-03936-0
16227:
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16222:
16214:
16198:
16194:
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16184:
16168:
16164:
16160:
16154:
16148:
16147:0-9690054-9-0
16144:
16140:
16134:
16132:
16125:
16124:1-56027-287-2
16121:
16117:
16114:Crane, Dale:
16111:
16109:
16100:
16094:
16090:
16089:
16081:
16075:
16071:
16067:
16061:
16055:
16054:0-471-03032-5
16051:
16047:
16041:
16033:
16027:
16023:
16022:
16014:
16000:on 2010-05-24
15999:
15995:
15989:
15980:
15972:
15968:
15962:
15955:
15950:
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15938:
15936:0-486-64647-5
15932:
15928:
15921:
15913:
15911:1-58488-363-4
15907:
15904:. CRC Press.
15903:
15896:
15888:
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15882:
15873:
15866:
15863:
15859:
15856:
15851:
15843:
15837:
15833:
15832:
15824:
15817:
15814:Clancy, L.J.
15811:
15795:
15791:
15785:
15783:
15776:
15775:0-07-112939-1
15772:
15766:
15751:. 3 June 2015
15750:
15749:Petrowiki.org
15746:
15740:
15725:
15721:
15715:
15696:
15695:
15687:
15680:
15679:0-7506-5111-3
15676:
15670:
15664:
15663:0-273-01120-0
15660:
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15640:
15636:
15630:
15622:
15616:
15612:
15605:
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15568:
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15556:
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15530:
15526:
15519:
15503:
15499:
15493:
15477:
15473:
15467:
15461:
15459:
15452:
15444:
15442:0-7506-6169-0
15438:
15434:
15430:
15429:
15421:
15413:
15407:
15403:
15402:
15397:
15391:
15383:
15377:
15373:
15372:
15367:
15366:Clancy, L. J.
15361:
15354:
15353:0-8166-3661-3
15350:
15346:
15340:
15327:
15326:
15318:
15299:
15292:
15273:
15266:
15259:
15240:
15236:
15230:
15223:
15222:
15214:
15207:
15192:
15188:
15182:
15176:
15175:0-273-31623-0
15172:
15168:
15162:
15155:
15153:
15146:
15140:
15136:
15133:
15129:
15123:
15115:
15111:
15105:
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15086:
15082:
15076:
15068:
15062:
15048:
15044:
15037:
15022:
15018:
15012:
15004:
15000:
14996:
14990:
14974:
14970:
14966:
14960:
14953:
14949:
14945:
14941:
14936:
14922:
14918:
14911:
14903:
14899:
14895:
14891:
14887:
14883:
14876:
14868:
14864:
14859:
14854:
14850:
14846:
14843:(9): 094007.
14842:
14838:
14834:
14827:
14811:
14807:
14804:NRCC (2008).
14800:
14798:
14791:
14790:0-07-051400-3
14787:
14781:
14765:
14759:
14757:
14748:
14742:
14738:
14734:
14733:
14725:
14717:
14711:
14707:
14703:
14702:
14694:
14686:
14680:
14676:
14669:
14663:
14659:
14655:
14651:
14650:
14643:
14634:
14626:
14620:
14616:
14610:
14606:
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14591:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14581:
14578:
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14571:
14568:
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14563:
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14540:
14537:
14534:
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14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14499:
14487:
14478:
14474:
14470:
14467:
14463:
14462:
14448:
14439:
14435:
14431:
14428:
14424:
14423:
14409:
14400:
14396:
14392:
14389:
14385:
14384:
14373:
14369:
14365:
14361:
14357:
14356:
14355:Wright Glider
14352:
14349:
14348:"pioneer era"
14345:
14341:
14337:
14333:
14332:
14326:
14324:
14319:
14318:
14313:
14312:
14307:
14306:
14302:
14299:
14295:
14291:
14287:
14283:
14279:
14275:
14271:
14267:
14264:
14260:
14256:
14252:
14248:
14247:
14243:
14240:
14236:
14232:
14231:
14227:
14224:
14220:
14216:
14212:
14208:
14204:
14203:
14199:
14196:
14192:
14188:
14184:
14180:
14176:
14175:
14171:
14168:
14167:sound barrier
14164:
14160:
14156:
14152:
14148:
14144:
14140:
14136:
14132:
14131:
14127:
14126:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14101:
14097:
14093:
14089:
14085:
14081:
14080:aircraft wing
14078:, such as an
14077:
14073:
14069:
14065:
14064:
14060:
14057:
14053:
14049:
14045:
14041:
14040:
14036:
14033:
14029:
14025:
14021:
14017:
14013:
14012:
14008:
14007:
14003:
14002:
13997:
13993:
13992:metric system
13989:
13983:
13981:
13977:
13974:
13970:
13967:
13963:
13962:
13958:
13954:
13949:
13943:
13939:
13935:
13931:
13927:
13923:
13922:
13918:
13915:
13911:
13907:
13904:, generating
13903:
13899:
13895:
13892:
13888:
13884:
13880:
13876:
13875:
13871:
13868:
13864:
13856:
13852:
13848:
13844:
13840:
13836:
13833:
13829:
13825:
13823:
13818:
13816:
13811:
13807:
13802:
13798:
13797:
13793:
13792:
13783:
13779:
13778:
13774:
13773:
13764:
13763:
13759:
13756:
13755:
13751:
13748:
13747:
13743:
13740:
13739:
13735:
13732:
13731:
13727:
13724:
13723:
13719:
13716:
13715:
13711:
13708:
13707:
13706:Trailing edge
13703:
13700:
13696:
13692:
13688:
13684:
13680:
13676:
13672:
13668:
13664:
13660:
13656:
13652:
13648:
13644:
13640:
13639:
13635:
13632:
13631:true airspeed
13628:
13624:
13620:
13616:
13612:
13608:
13604:
13600:
13599:
13595:
13594:
13586:
13585:
13584:
13583:
13582:
13581:
13571:
13554:
13544:
13541:
13525:
13518:
13501:
13497:
13489:
13486:
13468:
13464:
13456:
13455:
13453:
13452:
13451:
13450:
13449:
13448:
13428:
13422:
13419:
13416:
13411:
13406:
13402:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13384:
13376:
13375:
13374:
13373:
13372:
13371:
13363:
13362:
13361:
13360:
13359:
13358:
13354:
13350:
13346:
13342:
13341:
13337:
13334:
13333:
13329:
13326:
13325:
13321:
13318:
13317:
13313:
13310:
13309:
13305:
13302:
13301:
13297:
13294:
13293:
13289:
13286:
13282:
13278:
13271:
13267:
13263:
13256:
13252:
13248:
13244:
13243:
13239:
13236:
13235:
13231:
13228:
13227:
13223:
13222:
13213:
13212:
13208:
13205:
13204:
13200:
13198:
13194:
13193:
13189:
13187:
13183:
13182:
13178:
13175:
13174:
13170:
13168:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13155:
13152:
13149:
13148:
13144:
13141:
13140:
13136:
13133:
13132:
13128:
13125:
13121:
13117:
13113:
13109:
13105:
13104:
13100:
13097:
13096:
13092:
13089:
13088:
13084:
13081:
13080:
13076:
13073:
13072:
13068:
13065:
13064:
13060:
13057:
13056:
13052:
13050:
13046:
13045:
13044:Space station
13041:
13038:
13034:
13031:
13028:
13024:
13023:
13019:
13016:
13015:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13002:
12998:
12994:
12993:
12989:
12986:
12982:
12978:
12974:
12973:external tank
12970:
12967:, capable of
12966:
12962:
12958:
12955:
12951:
12950:
12949:Space Shuttle
12946:
12943:
12942:
12938:
12935:
12934:
12930:
12927:
12926:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12917:Sound barrier
12914:
12911:
12910:
12906:
12903:
12902:
12898:
12895:
12894:
12890:
12887:
12886:
12882:
12879:
12878:
12874:
12871:
12870:
12866:
12863:
12862:
12858:
12855:
12854:
12850:
12847:
12846:
12842:
12839:
12835:
12832:(usually the
12831:
12827:
12823:
12822:
12818:
12815:
12814:
12810:
12807:
12806:
12802:
12799:
12798:
12794:
12791:
12790:
12786:
12783:
12782:
12778:
12775:
12774:
12770:
12767:
12766:
12762:
12759:
12758:
12754:
12751:
12750:
12746:
12743:
12742:
12738:
12735:
12734:
12730:
12729:
12720:
12719:
12715:
12712:
12708:
12705:
12701:
12697:
12696:flexible wing
12693:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12677:
12673:
12672:
12668:
12665:
12664:
12663:Rocket launch
12660:
12657:
12656:
12652:
12649:
12648:
12644:
12641:
12640:
12639:Rocket engine
12636:
12633:
12632:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12620:
12617:
12616:
12612:
12609:
12608:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12596:
12593:
12592:
12588:
12585:
12584:
12580:
12577:
12576:
12572:
12569:
12568:
12564:
12562:
12558:
12557:rotation axes
12554:
12550:
12546:
12544:
12539:
12536:
12535:
12534:Rate of climb
12531:
12528:
12527:
12523:
12520:
12519:
12515:
12512:
12511:
12507:
12504:
12503:
12499:
12497:
12493:
12489:
12485:
12484:
12480:
12479:
12467:
12458:
12454:
12450:
12447:
12443:
12442:
12431:
12430:
12426:
12423:
12422:
12418:
12415:
12414:
12410:
12407:
12406:
12402:
12399:
12398:
12394:
12391:
12390:
12386:
12383:
12382:
12378:
12375:
12374:
12370:
12367:
12366:
12362:
12359:
12358:
12354:
12351:
12350:
12346:
12343:
12339:
12338:
12334:
12331:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12315:
12311:
12307:
12303:
12299:
12295:
12291:
12290:Ancient Greek
12287:
12286:
12282:
12279:
12276:
12275:
12256:
12252:
12248:
12245:
12240:
12236:
12232:
12229:
12224:
12220:
12212:
12211:
12210:
12209:
12205:
12188:
12184:
12161:
12157:
12148:
12144:
12143:
12139:
12135:
12131:
12130:
12111:
12107:
12103:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12085:
12081:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12053:
12049:
12044:
12040:
12035:
12031:
12015:
11995:
11992:
11972:
11952:
11932:
11912:
11904:
11903:
11898:
11894:
11893:planar lamina
11890:
11886:
11885:
11881:
11878:
11874:
11870:
11866:
11862:
11858:
11854:
11853:
11849:
11846:
11843:
11842:perpendicular
11839:
11835:
11831:
11827:
11823:
11819:
11818:Jakob Steiner
11815:
11811:
11808:, or just as
11807:
11803:
11802:
11798:
11797:
11788:
11784:
11780:
11779:perturbations
11776:
11772:
11768:
11764:
11763:astrodynamics
11760:
11756:
11755:
11751:
11748:
11747:
11743:
11740:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11727:non-Keplerian
11724:
11720:
11716:
11712:
11708:
11707:astrodynamics
11704:
11703:
11699:
11696:
11692:
11688:
11684:
11680:
11677:orbiting the
11676:
11672:
11668:
11664:
11660:
11656:
11652:
11651:
11647:
11644:
11640:
11636:
11632:
11629:
11625:
11624:
11620:
11617:
11616:space-mission
11613:
11609:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11593:
11589:
11588:astrodynamics
11585:
11584:
11580:
11577:
11573:
11569:
11565:
11561:
11557:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11548:orbital nodes
11545:
11541:
11537:
11533:
11529:
11525:
11524:
11520:
11517:
11513:
11512:orbital plane
11509:
11505:
11501:
11497:
11496:
11492:
11489:
11485:
11484:perturbations
11481:
11477:
11473:
11469:
11465:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11452:
11448:
11445:
11441:
11437:
11433:
11429:
11426:
11422:
11418:
11414:
11410:
11406:
11402:
11398:
11397:astrodynamics
11394:
11393:
11389:
11386:
11385:
11384:Orbit phasing
11381:
11378:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11358:
11354:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11330:
11326:
11322:
11318:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11308:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11287:
11283:
11282:
11278:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11259:
11255:
11251:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11236:
11235:
11231:
11230:
11226:
11222:
11221:
11216:
11212:
11211:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11199:
11195:
11192:
11191:
11187:
11184:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11162:
11158:
11157:
11153:
11149:
11145:
11141:
11137:
11130:
11123:
11119:
11105:
11098:
11094:
11087:
11083:
11077:
11073:
11066:
11063:
11060:
11053:
11050:
11049:
11045:
11041:
11037:
11033:
11029:
11025:
11022:
11018:
11017:
11013:
11009:
11008:Royal Society
11005:
11001:
11000:
10995:
10991:
10987:
10983:
10980:derived from
10979:
10975:
10974:
10970:
10966:
10962:
10958:
10954:
10950:
10949:
10945:
10944:
10940:
10939:
10935:
10931:
10927:
10923:
10919:
10915:
10911:
10907:
10906:
10905:Newton (unit)
10902:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10889:
10888:inviscid flow
10885:
10881:
10877:
10873:
10869:
10866:
10862:
10858:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10834:
10830:
10826:
10822:
10821:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10808:viscous fluid
10805:
10799:
10755:
10751:
10750:
10746:
10743:
10742:United States
10739:
10738:
10734:
10731:
10727:
10726:United States
10723:
10722:
10718:
10717:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10691:
10687:
10684:
10680:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10667:
10664:
10660:
10656:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10620:
10619:
10615:
10612:
10608:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10595:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10583:
10582:
10578:
10577:newton-second
10574:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10558:
10541:
10533:
10530:
10518:
10517:
10516:
10515:
10510:
10504:
10498:
10493:
10489:
10485:
10481:
10477:
10473:
10469:
10465:
10464:
10460:
10457:
10453:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10421:
10417:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10408:
10404:
10401:
10400:
10396:
10393:
10392:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10380:
10377:
10373:
10369:
10366:and catapult
10365:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10348:
10344:
10340:
10339:balance scale
10336:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10316:
10315:gravitational
10312:
10308:
10304:
10300:
10296:
10292:
10288:
10287:physical body
10284:
10280:
10279:
10275:
10272:
10271:Lorentz force
10268:
10264:
10260:
10259:
10255:
10252:
10248:
10244:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10227:
10226:Magnetic sail
10223:
10220:
10217:to the local
10216:
10212:
10211:flow velocity
10208:
10204:
10200:
10199:
10195:
10194:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10169:
10166:
10162:
10158:
10155:
10151:
10147:
10141:
10121:
10117:
10113:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10081:
10080:
10076:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10060:
10057:
10056:
10052:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10040:bipropellants
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10016:
10012:
10009:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9991:
9985:
9981:
9980:rocket engine
9978:, utilizes a
9977:
9976:liquid rocket
9973:
9972:
9968:
9965:
9964:gaseous fuels
9961:
9957:
9953:
9949:
9948:hydrogen fuel
9945:
9941:
9937:
9933:
9932:
9928:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9908:
9904:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9889:
9885:
9884:free balloons
9881:
9877:
9873:
9869:
9865:
9861:
9860:
9856:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9838:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9811:
9807:
9803:
9802:
9798:
9795:
9791:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9769:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9752:fluid density
9749:
9745:
9741:
9738:
9737:dimensionless
9734:
9733:
9729:
9726:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9714:
9710:
9709:
9705:
9701:
9697:
9696:launch window
9693:
9689:
9688:
9687:Launch window
9684:
9680:
9675:
9671:
9670:
9666:
9663:
9662:
9658:
9655:
9651:
9647:
9643:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9631:
9627:
9624:
9620:
9616:
9612:
9611:gravitational
9608:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9590:
9557:
9553:
9552:
9548:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9507:
9499:
9498:
9493:
9474:
9468:
9461:The function
9460:
9459:
9444:
9441:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9427:
9422:
9418:
9413:
9400:
9397:
9394:
9379:
9376:
9372:
9355:
9338:
9331:
9330:
9315:
9310:
9292:
9288:
9284:
9279:
9275:
9268:
9265:
9243:
9239:
9192:
9188:
9165:
9161:
9141:
9136:
9132:
9109:
9082:
9074:
9073:
9056:
9053:
9050:
9043:
9040:
9034:
9025:
9022:
9016:
9010:
9004:
8998:
8991:
8987:
8979:
8975:
8970:
8956:
8945:
8928:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8900:
8896:
8875:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8851:
8847:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8810:
8805:
8801:
8778:
8774:
8765:
8764:
8749:
8743:
8738:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8707:
8694:
8684:
8681:
8678:
8675:
8672:
8664:
8648:
8642:
8622:
8600:
8580:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8543:
8539:
8523:
8503:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8460:
8441:
8438:
8435:
8432:
8429:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8397:
8390:
8371:
8368:
8365:
8354:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8332:
8328:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8248:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8198:
8193:
8189:
8185:
8184:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8166:
8161:
8160:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8133:mathematician
8131:
8127:
8123:
8119:
8116:, especially
8115:
8111:
8110:
8106:
8103:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8025:
8015:
8012:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7950:(LEO) due to
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7899:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7885:of its orbit.
7884:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7822:
7818:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7743:
7742:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7721:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7687:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7655:
7651:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7637:. It creates
7636:
7632:
7629:is a form of
7628:
7624:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7457:true airspeed
7454:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7425:true airspeed
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7373:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7302:
7298:
7292:
7287:
7283:
7262:
7258:
7249:
7244:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7215:
7211:
7202:
7197:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7179:
7175:
7174:wave equation
7171:
7167:
7163:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7133:
7129:
7113:
7105:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7068:Fluid statics
7065:
7064:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7016:hydrodynamics
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6980:
6979:Hydrodynamics
6976:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6951:Hybrid rocket
6948:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6836:
6835:
6831:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6785:in which the
6784:
6780:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6759:forming stars
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6657:to alter the
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6599:
6586:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6541:gravitational
6538:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6421:
6420:motor-gliders
6417:
6413:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6387:water ballast
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6337:that matches
6336:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6272:gas generator
6269:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6003:orbital speed
6001:, though its
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5923:state of rest
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5866:Fluid statics
5863:
5860:
5856:
5855:fluid statics
5852:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5743:hydrodynamics
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5695:shear modulus
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5438:wing morphing
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5384:, such as an
5383:
5379:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5280:3-dimensional
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5215:curved spaces
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5151:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4965:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4910:
4909:flow velocity
4906:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4886:
4883:
4877:
4851:
4847:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4800:
4792:
4776:
4773:
4765:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4698:
4697:Sobolev space
4680:
4673:
4657:
4653:
4628:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4580:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4495:
4492:
4486:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4403:
4393:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4345:
4335:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4258:which means "
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4244:tail assembly
4241:
4235:
4200:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4105:. It creates
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:dimensionless
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3945:allowing for
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:liquid oxygen
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3793:
3792:skin friction
3789:
3786:
3785:dimensionless
3782:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3749:
3733:
3726:
3723:
3722:flow velocity
3707:
3700:
3698:of the fluid,
3697:
3681:
3674:
3671:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3591:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:Drag equation
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3530:drag equation
3527:
3523:
3497:
3465:
3433:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:actuator disk
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3251:United States
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:space mission
3157:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:, as used in
3114:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2974:con-di nozzle
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2861:Critical mach
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:found on the
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2643:
2635:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2519:β is an icy,
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:has parallel
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:trailing edge
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:hook-and-loop
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2186:exerted by a
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:space vehicle
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:that moves a
2005:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1685:Astrodynamics
1682:
1679:
1678:asteroid belt
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:minor planets
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:is a form of
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:Arcjet rocket
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:dimensionless
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:is a type of
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1146:cross-section
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:trailing edge
976:
972:
971:
967:
964:
963:
959:
955:
951:
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:
929:Aerostructure
926:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:
906:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:rocket engine
883:
882:
878:
875:
870:
866:
862:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:
829:
826:
822:
818:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
795:architectural
792:
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
663:
660:
656:
652:
651:
647:
644:
643:rocket engine
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
603:
600:
599:Aeolian tones
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
582:Aeroacoustics
579:
576:
572:
571:Space Shuttle
568:
564:
560:
559:
555:
552:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:local horizon
449:is above the
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:of change of
369:
365:
361:
360:
356:
353:
344:
334:
329:
325:
315:
310:
306:
300:
292:
284:
278:
273:
269:
265:
264:
260:
257:
256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:
204:
203:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
42:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
20791:Engineering
20742:Cell biology
20712:Architecture
20696:
20570:
20555:Engineering
20401:Mechatronics
20254:Agricultural
19904:Geotechnical
19872:Construction
19764:
19730:
19708:
19697:Earth's mass
19692:
19687:
19679:
19674:
19670:
19662:
19658:
19651:
19642:
19638:
19634:
19622:
19618:
19613:
19605:
19601:
19597:
19581:29 September
19579:. Retrieved
19575:the original
19570:
19561:
19550:
19539:
19522:
19516:
19499:
19493:
19471:
19467:
19457:
19427:(10): 1073.
19424:
19420:
19414:
19389:
19383:
19377:
19370:Aerodynamics
19369:
19364:
19345:
19339:
19328:. Retrieved
19296:
19281:
19262:. Retrieved
19242:
19235:
19216:
19210:
19198:. Retrieved
19194:the original
19183:
19171:. Retrieved
19146:
19138:
19120:
19111:
19105:
19087:
19080:
19068:. Retrieved
19064:the original
19054:
19043:. Retrieved
19033:
19010:
19004:
18985:
18979:
18951:
18944:
18916:
18909:
18890:
18884:
18879:, on Perseus
18876:
18861:
18841:
18834:
18813:
18805:
18792:
18786:
18772:Aerodynamics
18771:
18766:
18747:
18741:
18722:
18704:
18698:
18675:
18669:
18657:. Retrieved
18653:the original
18642:
18633:
18622:. Retrieved
18618:the original
18608:
18600:
18595:
18584:
18573:
18562:. Retrieved
18558:
18549:
18538:
18533:
18514:
18508:
18486:
18478:
18475:Isaac Newton
18469:
18456:
18447:
18438:
18418:
18411:
18391:
18384:
18375:
18361:
18351:
18337:
18323:
18307:
18299:
18290:
18265:
18257:
18238:
18232:
18221:. Retrieved
18202:
18198:
18188:
18180:
18173:. Retrieved
18159:
18150:
18144:
18133:. Retrieved
18129:
18120:
18109:. Retrieved
18105:
18095:
18084:. Retrieved
18080:
18070:
18061:
18048:
18032:AIAA-98-1001
18031:
18018:
17993:
17989:
17979:Myrabo, L.N.
17973:
17965:
17957:
17949:Aerodynamics
17948:
17942:
17923:
17917:
17902:
17897:
17885:. Retrieved
17880:
17868:
17856:. Retrieved
17849:the original
17836:
17825:. Retrieved
17821:the original
17811:
17790:
17778:. Retrieved
17773:
17763:
17752:. Retrieved
17740:
17730:
17719:. Retrieved
17715:
17705:
17672:
17668:
17658:
17623:
17619:
17609:
17600:
17591:
17581:
17548:
17544:
17538:
17519:
17513:
17504:
17490:
17476:
17457:
17451:
17440:
17418:. Retrieved
17398:
17391:
17366:
17362:
17342:. Retrieved
17338:The Atlantic
17336:
17326:
17315:. Retrieved
17311:the original
17303:
17293:
17283:13 September
17281:. Retrieved
17266:
17259:
17249:13 September
17247:. Retrieved
17232:
17225:
17213:. Retrieved
17193:
17186:
17175:. Retrieved
17170:
17160:
17148:. Retrieved
17134:
17126:
17120:
17112:
17099:
17088:. Retrieved
17084:the original
17074:
17063:. Retrieved
17056:the original
17043:
17037:
17024:
17010:Aerodynamics
17009:
16993:
16987:
16960:
16954:
16943:. Retrieved
16930:
16910:
16903:
16891:. Retrieved
16887:the original
16877:
16860:
16854:
16842:. Retrieved
16814:
16807:
16797:11 September
16795:. Retrieved
16781:
16769:. Retrieved
16759:
16748:. Retrieved
16739:
16730:
16711:
16700:. Retrieved
16684:E.M. Cliff.
16679:
16667:. Retrieved
16656:
16647:
16635:. Retrieved
16615:
16604:the original
16588:
16570:
16561:
16551:
16541:
16532:
16522:
16506:
16501:
16490:. Retrieved
16483:the original
16470:
16460:11 September
16458:. Retrieved
16454:
16431:. Retrieved
16427:
16391:. Retrieved
16387:
16378:
16369:
16352:
16343:November 16,
16341:, retrieved
16336:
16329:
16321:
16316:
16304:
16289:
16285:
16273:
16269:
16253:
16248:
16220:
16213:
16201:. Retrieved
16197:the original
16192:
16183:
16171:. Retrieved
16167:the original
16153:
16138:
16115:
16087:
16080:
16060:
16045:
16040:
16020:
16013:
16002:. Retrieved
15998:the original
15988:
15979:
15970:
15961:
15953:
15949:
15940:
15926:
15920:
15901:
15895:
15880:
15872:
15864:
15850:
15831:Gas Dynamics
15830:
15823:
15816:Aerodynamics
15815:
15810:
15798:. Retrieved
15793:
15765:
15753:. Retrieved
15748:
15739:
15727:. Retrieved
15723:
15714:
15702:. Retrieved
15693:
15686:
15669:
15655:Aerodynamics
15654:
15651:L. J. Clancy
15646:
15629:
15610:
15604:
15597:Aerodynamics
15596:
15595:Clancy, L.;
15591:
15583:
15578:
15570:
15558:
15554:
15545:
15535:December 31,
15533:. Retrieved
15529:the original
15518:
15506:. Retrieved
15502:the original
15492:
15480:. Retrieved
15476:the original
15466:
15457:
15451:
15427:
15420:
15400:
15390:
15371:Aerodynamics
15370:
15360:
15344:
15339:
15329:, retrieved
15324:
15317:
15307:November 16,
15305:. Retrieved
15291:
15279:. Retrieved
15272:the original
15258:
15248:14 September
15246:. Retrieved
15239:the original
15220:
15206:
15196:13 September
15194:. Retrieved
15190:
15181:
15166:
15161:
15150:
15145:
15127:
15122:
15113:
15089:. Retrieved
15075:
15061:
15050:. Retrieved
15046:
15036:
15024:. Retrieved
15020:
15011:
14998:
14989:
14977:. Retrieved
14968:
14959:
14939:
14935:
14924:. Retrieved
14920:
14910:
14888:(4): 350β1.
14885:
14881:
14875:
14840:
14836:
14826:
14816:February 13,
14814:. Retrieved
14810:the original
14780:
14768:. Retrieved
14731:
14724:
14700:
14693:
14674:
14668:
14647:
14642:
14633:
14614:
14609:
14481:
14477:adding to it
14472:
14442:
14438:adding to it
14433:
14403:
14399:adding to it
14394:
14353:
14350:of aviation.
14330:
14328:
14322:
14321:
14316:
14315:
14311:Wright Flyer
14310:
14309:
14305:Wright Flyer
14303:
14244:
14239:scale models
14230:Wind tunnels
14228:
14207:weighted sum
14206:
14200:
14186:
14172:
14128:
14084:wind turbine
14061:
14037:
14016:viscosimeter
14015:
14009:
14001:acceleration
13999:
13919:
13889:and heat an
13872:
13827:
13820:
13800:
13794:
13775:
13760:
13752:
13744:
13736:
13728:
13720:
13712:
13704:
13699:central mass
13636:
13596:
13570:displacement
13540:acceleration
13338:
13330:
13322:
13314:
13306:
13298:
13290:
13285:acceleration
13273:
13258:
13240:
13232:
13224:
13211:Sweep theory
13209:
13201:
13190:
13179:
13171:
13162:
13153:
13145:
13137:
13129:
13108:aerodynamics
13101:
13093:
13085:
13077:
13069:
13061:
13053:
13047:β habitable
13042:
13020:
13012:
12990:
12947:
12939:
12931:
12923:
12915:
12909:Solid rocket
12907:
12899:
12891:
12883:
12875:
12867:
12859:
12851:
12843:
12819:
12811:
12803:
12795:
12787:
12779:
12771:
12763:
12755:
12747:
12739:
12731:
12716:
12695:
12691:
12671:Rogallo wing
12669:
12661:
12653:
12645:
12637:
12629:
12621:
12613:
12605:
12597:
12589:
12581:
12573:
12565:
12540:
12532:
12524:
12516:
12508:
12500:
12481:
12461:
12457:adding to it
12452:
12427:
12419:
12411:
12403:
12395:
12387:
12379:
12371:
12363:
12355:
12347:
12335:
12293:
12288:β (from
12283:
12277:
12147:stretch rule
12138:stretch rule
12064:
12060:
12056:
12051:
12047:
12042:
12038:
12033:
12029:
11882:
11857:profile drag
11856:
11850:
11809:
11805:
11799:
11775:central body
11767:Kepler orbit
11752:
11744:
11700:
11695:binary stars
11654:
11648:
11623:Orbital node
11621:
11587:
11581:
11563:
11553:
11539:
11521:
11493:
11472:Kepler orbit
11449:
11440:Kepler orbit
11428:escape orbit
11390:
11382:
11310:
11279:
11232:
11224:
11218:
11215:Isaac Newton
11205:
11193:
11185:
11164:β are three
11159:
11147:
11139:
11132:
11125:
11121:
11036:proportional
11012:Robert Hooke
11003:
10997:
10986:Isaac Newton
10978:physical law
10946:
10926:Isaac Newton
10918:derived unit
10909:
10903:
10880:viscous flow
10879:
10857:fluid motion
10747:
10735:
10719:
10705:
10701:
10697:
10685:
10674:
10668:
10643:acceleration
10631:displacement
10616:
10598:
10592:
10584:
10508:
10502:
10496:
10479:
10478:, or simply
10475:
10471:
10461:
10456:acceleration
10431:
10427:
10424:angular mass
10423:
10419:
10413:
10405:
10397:
10389:
10381:
10360:linear motor
10351:
10345:
10335:spring scale
10319:SI base unit
10299:acceleration
10281:β is both a
10276:
10262:
10256:
10230:
10224:
10196:
10179:
10173:
10154:Lunar lander
10149:
10145:
10119:
10116:Lunar Module
10115:
10114:, or simply
10111:
10107:Lunar Module
10105:
10092:eccentricity
10077:
10061:
10055:Lithobraking
10053:
10035:
10027:
10023:
10013:
10001:to pump the
9989:
9975:
9969:
9944:fossil fuels
9929:
9905:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9837:US Air Force
9832:
9799:
9782:
9767:
9748:lifting body
9730:
9722:
9708:Leading edge
9706:
9695:
9685:
9678:
9669:Latus rectum
9667:
9659:
9648:such as the
9642:space debris
9628:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9549:
9542:conservative
9528:
9495:
9492:perturbation
9491:
8916:
8458:
8339:
8329:
8295:Landing gear
8293:
8290:and landing.
8263:
8245:
8229:
8209:Martin Kutta
8188:aerodynamics
8181:
8137:Martin Kutta
8118:aerodynamics
8107:
8071:
8061:
8013:
8006:
7996:acceleration
7975:
7965:
7956:space debris
7935:
7931:
7927:
7921:
7906:Isaac Newton
7898:Solar System
7829:
7819:
7789:
7785:
7775:
7744:
7695:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7626:
7622:
7618:Ion thruster
7616:
7599:Solar System
7572:
7546:
7540:
7527:trajectories
7515:Solar System
7504:
7462:
7452:
7444:
7436:
7398:
7381:
7375:
7359:pathological
7354:
7350:
7336:
7327:dissociation
7311:aerodynamics
7304:
7296:
7290:
7285:
7166:hypersurface
7097:
7072:hydrostatics
7071:
7067:
7063:Hydrostatics
7061:
7015:
7012:aerodynamics
6991:
6977:
6960:rocket motor
6949:
6888:
6880:
6844:
6832:
6802:
6798:
6783:ion thruster
6772:
6726:
6694:
6690:
6685:β (from
6680:
6638:
6634:
6616:
6597:
6528:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6501:
6473:
6464:GPS receiver
6435:
6429:
6405:
6391:wing loading
6368:
6355:eccentricity
6343:sidereal day
6324:
6319:sidereal day
6291:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6258:
6206:
6173:
6139:
6123:
6077:
6032:
6019:normal force
6005:keeps it in
5981:is the only
5964:
5957:
5951:
5925:), i.e., to
5896:
5888:
5871:hydrostatics
5870:
5864:
5847:astrophysics
5839:oceanography
5784:
5742:
5739:aerodynamics
5708:
5691:shear stress
5668:
5644:
5638:
5600:
5563:
5558:collectively
5557:
5550:lift (force)
5545:
5528:
5515:
5504:consists of
5501:
5492:
5480:
5449:
5443:
5430:hang gliders
5418:ornithopters
5375:
5354:ion thruster
5347:
5323:
5301:
5293:
5251:Euler angles
5249:
5240:
5232:
5171:
4281:
4255:
4243:
4239:
4160:
4152:
4120:
4092:
4070:
4064:
4054:
4040:eccentricity
4021:Kepler orbit
4010:
4005:mean anomaly
4001:true anomaly
3997:Kepler orbit
3979:
3953:, absorbing
3947:liquid water
3926:
3916:
3901:
3888:rocket fuels
3874:β Dual mode
3869:
3849:experimental
3838:
3696:mass density
3668:is the drag
3543:
3538:hydrodynamic
3415:
3398:laminar flow
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3330:
3322:
3289:Disk loading
3287:
3281:
3271:
3244:
3220:
3204:
3196:
3176:
3154:
3146:
3136:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3039:
3027:
3011:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2934:
2926:
2905:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2869:
2866:aerodynamics
2859:
2851:
2845:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2807:
2783:transmission
2778:
2772:
2764:
2726:
2720:
2712:
2690:
2680:
2668:
2660:
2556:
2542:
2514:
2484:
2478:
2460:
2454:
2438:
2433:leading edge
2425:chord length
2424:
2414:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2354:
2351:coordinates.
2335:
2325:
2312:
2304:
2291:aeronautical
2284:
2276:
2247:Cable lacing
2245:
2213:
2179:
2169:
2123:
2101:β A booster
2096:
2080:
2068:
2059:central body
1997:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1912:
1907:
1883:
1877:
1867:
1835:
1822:Axial stress
1820:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1742:space debris
1730:dwarf planet
1711:
1689:
1683:
1657:
1643:
1624:to its mean
1607:
1599:
1585:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1509:
1503:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1443:
1415:
1392:
1386:
1385:, sometimes
1382:
1356:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1252:
1238:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1151:
1144:(as seen in
1117:
1107:
1099:
1088:consists of
1085:
1076:
1035:dynamic lift
1012:
1004:
968:
960:
947:
927:
920:and powered
907:
879:
865:metal alloys
858:
830:
814:
788:
764:
688:
679:gas dynamics
666:Aerodynamics
664:
648:
604:
580:
573:bay, on the
556:
548:
514:
510:
480:
474:
470:
466:
430:
424:
359:Acceleration
357:
342:
327:
323:
308:
304:
291:non-negative
276:
271:
261:
253:
227:
223:
220:broadcasting
205:
24:
20:
18:
20912:Ornithology
20897:Meteorology
20882:Mathematics
20872:Ichthyology
20707:Archaeology
20702:Agriculture
20686:engineering
20629:Wikiproject
20384:and Control
20374:Information
20198:Biomaterial
20128:Bioresource
20119:/Bioprocess
20117:Biochemical
20069:Electronics
19840:Specialties
19810:Engineering
19173:15 November
18541:on line at
17551:: 304β341.
16669:January 28,
16278:R.G. Lerner
16262:052144568-X
16189:"Empennage"
15582:Wragg, D.;
15508:October 12,
15482:October 12,
15281:11 February
15187:"Asteroids"
15091:January 19,
14770:17 November
14654:McGraw-Hill
14512:Engineering
14278:aerodynamic
14276:. A wing's
14272:and act as
14263:streamlined
14183:engineering
14155:shock waves
14143:projectiles
14135:aeronautics
14068:aerodynamic
13883:radio waves
13863:KΓ‘rmΓ‘n line
13292:Test target
13234:Temperature
13120:outer space
13116:spaceflight
13039:(1981β2011)
13025:β reusable
12877:Solar panel
12678:. In 1948,
12655:Rocket fuel
12561:outer space
12492:outer space
12337:Plug nozzle
12278:Pitch Angle
11669:usually to
11641:, which is
11560:spaceflight
11532:inclination
11438:, as every
11363:. However,
11343:, with the
11239:aerodynamic
10845:temperature
10675:step rocket
10347:Mass driver
10198:Mach number
10161:lunar orbit
10152:), was the
10096:outer space
10068:aeronautics
9960:solid fuels
9931:Liquid fuel
9864:lifting gas
9821:Leik Myrabo
9779:Mach number
9740:coefficient
9692:spaceflight
9630:Laser broom
8254:, where an
8201:circulation
8174:circulation
8149:circulation
7840:around the
7782:aeronautics
7777:Keel effect
7647:electricity
7607:light-years
7351:generalized
7323:Mach number
7104:mathematics
6988:engineering
6834:Heat shield
6817:to produce
6807:Hall-effect
6745:causes the
6721:, and even
6709:βincluding
6695:gravitation
6543:effects in
6468:GPS signals
6456:geolocation
6436:Navstar GPS
6424:self-launch
6416:free flight
6379:glide ratio
6370:Glide ratio
6351:inclination
6200:dark matter
6141:Flying wing
6073:; from the
6039:aeronautics
5843:meteorology
5719:engineering
5703:shear force
5590:orientation
5574:outer space
5260:orientation
4304:dissipation
4115:electricity
3955:ultraviolet
3788:coefficient
3534:aerodynamic
3337:slant range
3313:tail rotors
3309:main rotors
3078:body forces
3006:jet engines
2878:Mach number
2828:engineering
2804:jet engines
2800:gas turbine
2743:fluid flows
2691:compression
2682:Compression
2509:diffraction
2461:flight deck
2089:engines is
2087:gas turbine
1970:or degrees.
1939:light sails
1874:portmanteau
1842:aeronautics
1718:outer space
1614:aeronautics
1394:Anticyclone
1261:meteorology
1193:lifting gas
1061:(including
1055:helicopters
1047:jet engines
1031:static lift
999:lift vector
890:aerodynamic
853:electronics
837:engineering
766:Aeronautics
735:vibrational
733:(typically
711:aerodynamic
699:engineering
650:Aerocapture
611:spaceflight
606:Aerobraking
595:aerodynamic
519:real number
435:spaceflight
283:real number
268:mathematics
35:aeronautics
20967:Categories
20927:Psychiatry
20836:Geography
20807:Entomology
20548:Glossaries
20369:Industrial
20349:Facilities
20344:Explosives
20269:Biomedical
20264:Automation
20213:Metallurgy
20123:Biological
20074:Microwaves
20034:Electrical
19979:Automotive
19961:Mechanical
19934:Structural
19899:Geological
19887:Ecological
19877:Earthquake
19330:2008-03-15
19264:2019-09-18
19045:2012-12-23
18689:0486646874
18624:2013-12-13
18564:2021-02-14
18377:density...
18223:2018-07-13
18135:2018-01-16
18111:2018-04-05
18086:2018-04-05
17827:2021-10-08
17776:. NASA JPL
17754:2021-04-10
17721:2021-04-10
17420:2018-06-21
17344:2020-06-18
17317:2011-03-17
17177:2021-03-12
17090:2021-09-30
17065:2021-09-30
16945:2019-12-27
16750:2024-05-18
16746:. May 2024
16720:(Report).
16702:2010-04-29
16492:2021-09-23
16433:2021-04-01
16074:atmosphere
16004:2019-08-26
15942:airscrews.
15331:2018-06-07
15052:2023-06-24
15041:Entropol.
14926:2023-06-24
14915:Entropol.
14601:References
14484:March 2022
14445:March 2022
14406:March 2022
14317:Kitty Hawk
14215:statistics
14151:supersonic
14145:moving at
14102:, such as
14048:resistance
14011:Viscometer
13953:kinematics
13908:. It is a
13894:propellant
13881:. It uses
13796:V-2 rocket
13782:identified
13675:projectile
13638:Trajectory
13264:) and the
13192:Supersonic
13124:spacecraft
13103:Spaceplane
13079:Spacecraft
13055:Space suit
13033:spaceplane
12961:spaceplane
12957:spacecraft
12885:Solar sail
12869:Streamline
12826:spacecraft
12797:Shock wave
12575:Reflection
12553:spacecraft
12464:March 2022
12429:Propulsion
12365:Precession
12203:are equal,
11830:rigid body
11717:made with
11711:spacecraft
11687:exoplanets
11631:intersects
11604:spacecraft
11602:and other
11592:ballistics
11576:spacecraft
11568:propulsion
11506:between a
11456:parameters
11454:β are the
11325:trajectory
10694:propellant
10659:kinematics
10611:propellant
10564:(SI), the
10436:rigid body
10364:accelerate
10295:resistance
10157:spacecraft
10008:mass ratio
9999:turbopumps
9982:that uses
9952:automotive
9920:atmosphere
9874:to create
9815:driven by
9801:Lightcraft
8459:Lagrangian
8304:spacecraft
8268:splashdown
8260:spacecraft
8236:spacecraft
7960:satellites
7942:scientist
7746:Jet engine
7627:ion engine
7393:jet engine
7331:ionization
6962:that uses
6940:propellant
6851:rotorcraft
6846:Helicopter
6795:Edwin Hall
6787:propellant
6755:coalescing
6741:, and the
6675:accelerate
6671:propellant
6667:spacecraft
6603:C. V. Boys
6383:sailplanes
6276:open cycle
6245:elliptical
6241:morphology
5955:(formerly
5947:newton (N)
5927:accelerate
5835:geophysics
5819:mechanical
5813:) and the
5699:substances
5646:Floatstick
5615:navigators
5546:cyclically
5522:helicopter
5499:fixed-wing
5264:rigid body
5219:relativity
4699: ::::
4316:combustion
4260:to feather
4147:stabilizer
4085:effect of
4083:gyroscopic
4061:spacecraft
4044:osculating
3876:propulsion
3856:spacecraft
3317:propellers
3306:helicopter
3222:Derivative
3178:Delta wing
3164:propulsive
3127:. It is a
3029:Deflection
3018:navigation
2986:supersonic
2733:that uses
2529:outgassing
2505:divergence
2503:, with no
2501:light beam
2469:spacecraft
2271:cable ties
2224:spacecraft
2107:multistage
2008:spacecraft
1955:navigation
1890:supersonic
1815:spacecraft
1807:electronic
1805:β are the
1782:algorithms
1722:atmosphere
1706:spacecraft
1704:and other
1694:ballistics
1658:planetoids
1489:(from
1474:(from
1426:antimatter
1406:phenomenon
1317:) and the
1311:chord line
1305:between a
1245:wind speed
1240:Anemometer
1233:black body
1083:fixed-wing
845:spacecraft
783:atmosphere
639:spacecraft
637:slows the
623:atmosphere
537:, and its
523:dimensions
507:trajectory
447:spacecraft
354:from zero.
301:. Namely,
190:References
20782:Economics
20747:Chemistry
20722:Astronomy
20507:Doctorate
20421:Packaging
20391:Logistics
20364:Geomatics
20325:/graphics
20218:Molecular
20208:Corrosion
20190:Materials
20170:Petroleum
20160:Molecular
20042:Broadcast
20024:Tribology
19974:Aerospace
19909:Hydraulic
19751:Roscosmos
19745:(Japan),
19737:(China),
19713:ISO 15919
19392:(1): 51.
19243:Mechanics
19093:Joinville
18539:Principia
18462:Principia
18306:. (1999)
18304:R. Zubrin
17797:CiteSeerX
17749:1059-1028
17697:0030-4026
17675:: 83β92.
17650:1000-9361
17573:125643946
17173:. Chennai
17150:27 August
16883:"GIRD-09"
16637:April 21,
16546:23362384.
15704:25 August
15567:0032-4558
15374:. Wiley.
15026:4 October
14627:. CAP413.
14535:(PE exam)
14147:transonic
14130:Wave drag
14108:elevators
14039:Viscosity
14032:rheometer
14020:viscosity
13980:magnitude
13806:βΉSee TfdβΊ
13722:Transonic
13679:satellite
13619:adiabatic
13552:Δ
13426:Δ
13281:net force
13110:(like an
12952:β crewed
12765:Schlieren
12741:Satellite
12551:used for
12547:β set of
12494:, unlike
12397:Propeller
11769:(i.e. an
11759:astronomy
11675:asteroids
11667:astronomy
11643:contained
11546:) at the
11476:astronomy
11432:hyperbola
11425:parabolic
11423:, 1 is a
11377:geodesics
11373:spacetime
11270:nose cone
11246:nose cone
11004:Principia
10912:) is the
10865:diffusing
10839:relating
10709:launched.
10325:(kg). In
10307:net force
10022:chemical
9956:biodiesel
9918:from the
9872:aerostats
9672:β is the
9529:variation
9508:δ
9469:δ
9434:δ
9431:ε
9395:ε
9380:ε
9339:δ
9301:→
9266:δ
9026:˙
8971:∫
8873:→
8731:∈
8700:→
8685:×
8555:∈
8542:potential
8478:−
8338:in 1788,
8264:alighting
8097:box kites
7858:epicycles
7826:astronomy
7806:sweepback
7730:, launch
7708:Bengaluru
7698:) is the
7633:used for
7623:ion drive
7255:∂
7241:∂
7208:∂
7194:∂
7170:mechanics
7145:−
7040:pipelines
7036:petroleum
6968:one solid
6853:in which
6727:gravitate
6653:or other
6631:slingshot
6575:. In the
6571:of their
6534:empirical
6522:, or the
6307:direction
6253:irregular
6221:Milky Way
6023:astronaut
6009:from the
5935:direction
5931:magnitude
5795:mechanics
5767:pipelines
5763:petroleum
5340:, or the
5221:. If the
5182:equations
5152:ν
5103:ν
5100:−
5065:Ω
5061:∫
4966:×
4963:∇
4949:∫
4945:≡
4867:ω
4856:Ω
4852:∫
4848:≡
4841:ω
4801:ω
4791:vorticity
4766:⋅
4763:∇
4720:Ω
4666:Ω
4586:∂
4553:∑
4529:∇
4472:∇
4462:Ω
4458:∫
4371:∈
4336:⊆
4333:Ω
4312:thrusters
4283:Enstrophy
4162:Empennage
4143:tailplane
4101:used for
4036:periapsis
3903:Ductility
3845:prototype
3840:Drop test
3796:form drag
3682:ρ
3602:ρ
3406:viscosity
3254:Air Force
3167:maneuvers
3113:delta-vee
3080:(such as
3066:reference
2978:hourglass
2970:CD nozzle
2956:decalage.
2902:mechanics
2687:mechanics
2641:∂
2633:∂
2617:−
2611:β
2587:β
2575:(or mean
2491:or other
2346:relative
2236:cryogenic
2230:from the
2201:displaced
2082:Bleed air
2063:periapsis
2010:from one
1927:microwave
1885:parachute
1778:actuators
1594:periapsis
1518:hydrazine
1430:rest mass
1424:that use
1301:) is the
1288:α
1227:). It is
1130:propeller
1051:airplanes
957:aircraft.
954:parachute
894:altitudes
869:aerospace
825:aerospace
631:periapsis
591:turbulent
587:acoustics
445:or other
443:satellite
403:direction
399:magnitude
20952:Virology
20937:Robotics
20902:Mycology
20892:Medicine
20737:Calculus
20609:Category
20538:Engineer
20446:Software
20441:Security
20416:Ontology
20406:Military
20396:Robotics
20359:Forensic
20279:Clinical
20238:Surfaces
20228:Polymers
20203:Ceramics
20180:Reaction
20109:Chemical
20047:Computer
19969:Acoustic
19924:Offshore
19892:Sanitary
19666:vs. the
19648:little g
19449:11110675
19304:Archived
19258:Archived
19190:"VASIMR"
19167:Archived
19128:Archived
19070:March 4,
19015:Springer
18971:Archived
18936:Archived
18922:Springer
18869:Archived
18537:See the
18217:Archived
18175:July 13,
18169:Archived
17981:(1976).
17430:Archived
17414:Archived
17215:14 April
17209:Archived
17144:Archived
17142:. ISRO.
16893:June 25,
16838:Archived
16791:Archived
16722:Archived
16693:Archived
16663:Archived
16628:Archived
16578:Archived
16240:56416088
15858:Archived
15653:(1975),
15433:Elsevier
15398:(2000).
15368:(1975).
15355:, p. 194
15303:(Report)
15135:Archived
15085:Archived
15003:Archived
14973:Archived
14946:, 2010.
14867:67767510
14496:See also
14340:airplane
14274:airfoils
14219:analysis
14112:ailerons
13969:quantity
13946:60
13930:position
13921:Velocity
13916:systems.
13867:MW 18014
13822:Aggregat
13691:asteroid
13671:momentum
13485:velocity
13349:velocity
13332:Thruster
13266:buoyancy
13181:Subsonic
13122:(like a
13112:aircraft
12999:and the
12977:re-entry
12969:airplane
12781:Scramjet
12692:Parawing
12373:Pressure
12314:universe
12306:electron
12136:and the
11845:distance
11840:and the
11834:parallel
11787:velocity
11771:elliptic
11737:and air
11653:β (also
11526:β is an
11510:and the
11470:using a
11258:aircraft
11198:momentum
10984:by what
10959:that is
10953:particle
10876:pressure
10872:gradient
10841:pressure
10732:in 1958.
10706:parallel
10663:dynamics
10639:velocity
10635:distance
10627:position
10607:chemical
10570:kilogram
10488:velocity
10480:momentum
10463:Momentum
10376:momentum
10368:payloads
10323:kilogram
10311:strength
10303:velocity
10283:property
10215:boundary
10072:aviation
10048:oxidizer
9916:oxidizer
9892:airships
9876:buoyancy
9850:and the
9777:and its
9607:orbiting
9599:L-points
8536:are the
8300:aircraft
8256:aircraft
8126:airfoils
8078:tethered
7992:velocity
7802:dihedral
7718:, while
7694: :
7555:uncrewed
7529:through
7477:aircraft
7469:aviation
7405:airspeed
7038:through
7028:aircraft
6926:) is an
6751:Universe
6731:On Earth
6719:galaxies
6691:gravitas
6639:swing-by
6585:SI units
6573:distance
6567:and the
6532:, is an
6490:and the
6484:altitude
6480:rocketry
6375:fuselage
6333:with an
6296:circular
6294:), is a
6233:trillion
6216:γαλαξίαΟ
6209:galaxias
6157:nacelles
6153:fuselage
6146:tailless
6130:avionics
6082:aircraft
6034:Fuselage
5966:Freefall
5919:velocity
5827:chemical
5765:through
5755:aircraft
5655:aircraft
5607:avionics
5594:sideslip
5582:attitude
5578:velocity
5487:attitude
5464:aircraft
5404:and the
5402:airspeed
5386:airplane
5223:dynamics
5199:momentum
5194:function
4627:seminorm
4256:empenner
4131:aircraft
4122:Elevator
4032:apoapsis
4003:and the
3994:elliptic
3943:pressure
3852:aircraft
3394:friction
3382:friction
3298:pressure
3282:downward
3273:Dihedral
3239:velocity
3231:calculus
3211:aircraft
3102:velocity
2936:Decalage
2874:aircraft
2826:, is an
2703:shearing
2673:opposite
2659:, where
2573:pressure
2465:aircraft
2449:airspeed
2421:aerofoil
2401:impeller
2393:velocity
2361:pressure
2348:position
2344:weighted
2289:β is an
2228:bled off
2180:upthrust
2171:Buoyancy
2154:aircraft
2028:apoapsis
2002:β is an
1984:pressure
1919:aircraft
1898:toroidal
1894:Goodyear
1862:aerostat
1854:tethered
1850:buoyancy
1846:aerostat
1802:Avionics
1674:volatile
1645:Asteroid
1630:planform
1582:orbiting
1219:(e.g. a
1189:aerostat
1170:airtight
1162:pressure
1118:aerofoil
1059:airships
1014:Aircraft
981:of each
938:fuselage
934:aircraft
922:airships
918:balloons
909:Aerostat
849:Avionics
841:aircraft
821:aircraft
811:systems.
779:aircraft
703:inertial
675:airplane
653:β is an
619:apoapsis
575:Canadarm
545:-second.
491:dynamics
372:velocity
352:distance
333:negative
314:positive
212:aviation
185:See also
31:aviation
20917:Physics
20867:Geology
20777:Ecology
20727:Biology
20682:science
20619:Commons
20461:Textile
20456:Systems
20426:Privacy
20411:Nuclear
20175:Process
20133:Genetic
20079:Optical
20059:Control
20052:outline
20019:Thermal
20009:Railway
19949:Railway
19944:Traffic
19867:Coastal
19826:Outline
19821:History
19534:, 1981.
19511:, 1980.
19429:Bibcode
19394:Bibcode
19200:July 9,
18814:Physics
18659:May 17,
17998:Bibcode
17677:Bibcode
17628:Bibcode
17553:Bibcode
17371:Bibcode
16820:Bibcode
16771:21 July
16364:, p.145
16203:5 March
16173:5 March
15800:27 June
14979:1 April
14902:7994895
14845:Bibcode
14524:(NCEES)
14364:gliders
14223:measure
14195:gravity
14179:science
14116:rudders
14076:airfoil
13928:of its
13847:Germany
13270:gravity
13257:force (
13003:in the
12997:orbiter
12836:or the
12700:Mercury
12567:Reentry
12510:Railgun
12312:in the
11877:airfoil
11824:or the
11671:planets
11600:rockets
11544:delta v
11357:gravity
11323:curved
11317:physics
11262:missile
11244:of the
11217:in his
11150:is the
11040:product
11038:to the
10988:called
10868:viscous
10849:density
10754:physics
10690:engines
10623:physics
10609:as its
10601:, is a
10560:In the
10434:, of a
10327:physics
10313:of its
10293:of its
10291:measure
10231:magsail
10213:past a
10024:rockets
9835:of the
9813:vehicle
9750:to the
9735:β is a
9713:airfoil
9544:forces.
8919:of the
8538:kinetic
8457:called
8312:landing
8308:takeoff
8288:descent
8276:takeoff
8247:Landing
8205:tangent
8192:airfoil
8163:corner.
8076:β is a
7972:physics
7869:ellipse
7838:planets
7597:in the
7595:planets
7563:planets
7499:landing
7488:⁄
7377:Impulse
7338:Hypoxia
7048:nebulae
7024:moments
7004:liquids
6984:physics
6958:with a
6711:planets
6697:, is a
6682:Gravity
6647:gravity
6551:and in
6438:, is a
6410:β is a
6303:equator
6178:β is a
6144:β is a
6110:control
5979:gravity
5943:SI unit
5903:physics
5851:biology
5811:plasmas
5803:liquids
5791:physics
5775:nebulae
5751:moments
5731:liquids
5715:physics
5687:deforms
5675:physics
5659:magnets
5454:β is a
5370:mercury
5362:caesium
5325:Fatigue
5178:physics
4318:theory.
4125:β is a
4023:is the
3951:surface
3779:is the
3720:is the
3694:is the
3520:) is a
3357:DO-178B
3198:Density
3191:jet age
3181:β is a
3121:impulse
3093:Delta-v
3082:gravity
3070:current
2945:biplane
2836:control
2747:liquids
2699:tension
2561:measure
2456:Cockpit
2423:. The
2332:physics
2264:linemen
2176:physics
2161:viscous
2130:physics
2098:Booster
2018:than a
2016:delta-v
1950:Bearing
1879:balloon
1869:Ballute
1858:airship
1837:Balloon
1774:sensors
1746:bolides
1702:rockets
1601:ARP4761
1592:to its
1522:ammonia
1494:(ap(Γ³))
1458:cognate
1422:rockets
1403:weather
1401:) is a
1399:cyclone
1363:physics
1331:physics
1315:airfoil
1180:Airship
1153:Airlock
1138:turbine
1109:Airfoil
1067:gliders
1039:airfoil
1019:machine
1017:β is a
970:Aileron
912:β is a
874:fatigue
731:dynamic
723:snoring
707:elastic
695:physics
609:β is a
539:SI unit
534:⋅
528:⋅
515:history
487:physics
409:. As a
364:physics
348:|0| = 0
289:is the
272:modulus
230:) is a
20732:Botany
20639:Portal
20436:Survey
20431:Safety
20318:Design
20138:Tissue
20014:Sports
19999:Marine
19989:Energy
19914:Mining
19530:
19507:
19481:
19447:
19352:
19288:
19250:
19223:
19159:
19021:
18992:
18963:
18928:
18897:
18866:ΟλάΟΞΌΞ±
18849:
18822:
18778:
18754:
18729:
18686:
18639:"node"
18599:Kuhn,
18521:
18500:
18493:
18426:
18399:
18368:
18314:
18278:
18245:
17930:
17909:
17799:
17747:
17695:
17648:
17571:
17526:
17464:
17445:Kytoon
17406:
17274:
17240:
17201:
17107:, 1950
17016:
16975:
16918:
16830:
16513:
16393:2 June
16360:
16296:
16260:
16238:
16228:
16145:
16122:
16095:
16052:
16028:
15933:
15908:
15838:
15773:
15681:. p.18
15677:
15661:
15637:
15617:
15565:
15439:
15408:
15378:
15351:
15231:
15173:
14950:
14900:
14865:
14788:
14743:
14712:
14681:
14660:
14621:
14541:(GATE)
14368:flight
14358:β The
14308:β The
14298:thrust
14187:weight
14185:, the
14174:Weight
14114:, and
14088:vortex
13973:scalar
13966:vector
13944:(e.g.
13942:motion
13906:thrust
13902:plasma
13887:ionize
13849:as a "
13832:guided
13810:German
13799:β The
13687:planet
13651:motion
13643:object
13454:where
13324:Thrust
13114:) and
12718:Rudder
12704:Gemini
12631:Rocket
12526:Ramjet
12342:nozzle
12294:ΟλάΟΞΌΞ±
11945:, and
11413:circle
11333:planet
11329:object
11327:of an
11294:liquid
11281:Nozzle
11266:bullet
11254:rocket
11242:design
11178:forces
11174:motion
11146:, and
11120:where
11044:square
11002:("the
10861:stress
10702:serial
10698:tandem
10686:stages
10683:rocket
10649:, and
10618:Motion
10603:rocket
10492:vector
10440:torque
10342:force.
10331:weight
10289:and a
10247:plasma
10110:β The
10063:Loiter
9890:, and
9806:space-
9703:going.
9700:rocket
9593:(also
9368:
9349:
8496:where
8320:floats
8284:cruise
8252:flight
8231:Lander
8130:German
7984:motion
7980:energy
7974:, the
7854:orbits
7808:, and
7759:thrust
7690:) or (
7657:β The
7645:using
7639:thrust
7551:crewed
7519:energy
7481:runway
7389:rocket
7347:tissue
7343:oxygen
7080:fluids
7020:forces
7000:fluids
6972:liquid
6956:rocket
6863:rotors
6859:thrust
6827:
6825:(1,600
6819:thrust
6735:weight
6707:energy
6651:planet
6645:) and
6565:masses
6518:, the
6407:Glider
6268:engine
6249:spiral
6229:giants
6225:dwarfs
6198:, and
6175:Galaxy
6094:engine
6078:fuselΓ©
6075:French
5977:where
5939:vector
5911:object
5909:of an
5907:motion
5879:fluids
5849:, and
5815:forces
5809:, and
5799:fluids
5747:forces
5727:fluids
5679:liquid
5570:flying
5533:flight
5462:of an
5444:Flange
5392:using
5390:flight
5366:indium
5334:stress
5311:engine
5190:motion
4516:Where
4113:using
4107:thrust
4075:gimbal
4028:vector
3864:launch
3365:DO-254
3249:β The
3153:delta-
3129:scalar
3098:change
2994:nozzle
2964:β (or
2949:chords
2910:stress
2872:of an
2868:, the
2695:torque
2665:volume
2577:stress
2334:, the
2286:Canard
2278:Camber
2203:fluid.
2192:weight
2164:forces
2148:, the
2103:rocket
1813:, and
1785:(GNC).
1726:planet
1580:of an
1526:thrust
1479:(peri)
1466:. For
1454:object
1452:of an
1351:torque
1319:vector
1313:of an
1253:anemos
1221:planet
1200:Albedo
1140:), or
1069:, and
1063:blimps
1037:of an
902:thrust
775:flight
771:design
727:steady
709:, and
482:Action
419:scalar
411:vector
395:vector
391:(m s).
382:. The
376:forces
335:
331:for a
316:
312:for a
285:
232:height
20259:Audio
20247:Other
20165:Paper
20084:Power
19929:River
19854:Civil
19445:S2CID
18797:(PDF)
18081:Wired
18058:(PDF)
18028:(PDF)
17986:(PDF)
17887:3 May
17877:(PDF)
17858:3 May
17852:(PDF)
17845:(PDF)
17780:3 May
17741:Wired
17669:Optik
17569:S2CID
17059:(PDF)
17034:(PDF)
16844:8 May
16696:(PDF)
16689:(PDF)
16631:(PDF)
16624:(PDF)
16607:(PDF)
16600:(PDF)
16527:2018.
16486:(PDF)
16479:(PDF)
15755:3 May
15729:3 May
15698:(PDF)
15301:(PDF)
15275:(PDF)
15268:(PDF)
15242:(PDF)
15225:(PDF)
15216:(PDF)
14863:S2CID
14331:Flyer
14329:1903
14323:Flyer
14314:(the
14259:fluid
14191:force
14177:β In
14133:β In
14104:flaps
14056:water
14052:syrup
14044:fluid
14024:fluid
14022:of a
13994:) as
13984:speed
13938:speed
13891:inert
13695:comet
13693:, or
13683:orbit
13677:or a
13655:space
13645:with
13247:fluid
12985:Earth
12963:(the
12834:Earth
12733:SABRE
12541:RCS (
12496:sonar
12483:Radar
12318:stars
12292:
11897:plane
11891:of a
11828:of a
11757:β In
11705:β In
11693:, or
11691:stars
11683:moons
11663:orbit
11628:orbit
11586:β or
11574:of a
11572:orbit
11558:β In
11536:orbit
11504:angle
11500:orbit
11462:. In
11460:orbit
11409:orbit
11403:is a
11395:β In
11315:β In
11312:Orbit
11286:fluid
11206:Law 3
11194:Law 2
11186:Law 1
11028:force
11021:point
10957:force
10922:force
10916:(SI)
10752:β In
10677:is a
10673:β or
10647:speed
10621:β In
10597:β or
10466:β In
10452:force
10350:β or
10285:of a
10245:as a
10229:β or
10201:β In
10178:β or
10066:β In
9974:β or
9950:(for
9900:g/mol
9794:chord
9674:chord
9635:laser
9601:, or
9554:β In
8915:is a
8387:of a
8280:climb
8258:, or
8056:. In
8011:speed
7970:β In
7934:, or
7824:β In
7780:β In
7704:India
7625:, or
7583:stars
7559:stars
7535:orbit
7531:space
7467:β In
7441:Knots
7439:for "
7355:local
7309:β In
7126:is a
7102:β In
7008:gases
6982:β In
6936:plane
6893:β In
6867:hover
6777:β In
6762:away.
6747:tides
6723:light
6715:stars
6689:
6687:Latin
6665:of a
6663:speed
6649:of a
6637:, or
6621:β In
6609:in a
6589:6.674
6478:β In
6462:to a
6331:orbit
6251:, or
6204:Greek
6184:stars
6102:pylon
6090:cargo
6037:β In
5999:Earth
5983:force
5969:β In
5901:β In
5898:Force
5869:β or
5823:civil
5807:gases
5735:gases
5713:β In
5673:β In
5670:Fluid
5525:pilot
5414:rotor
5394:wings
5368:, or
5358:metal
5328:β In
5276:basis
5262:of a
5192:as a
5176:β In
4286:β In
4272:pitch
4254:verb
4248:arrow
4135:pitch
4051:body.
4015:β In
3984:β In
3972:(the
3970:night
3931:Earth
3923:gases
3750:, and
3670:force
3558:fluid
3548:β In
3420:β In
3390:solid
3386:force
3376:β In
3292:β In
3187:delta
3133:speed
3060:β in
3050:force
3044:β In
3016:β In
2908:is a
2900:β In
2864:β In
2822:β or
2751:gases
2685:β In
2569:solid
2565:fluid
2547:β In
2516:Comet
2489:light
2473:pilot
2459:β or
2416:Chord
2397:fluid
2365:force
2330:β In
2220:cabin
2188:fluid
2184:force
2174:β In
2138:fluid
2128:β In
2012:orbit
1988:fluid
1978:β In
1953:β In
1931:laser
1929:or a
1872:β (a
1840:β In
1724:of a
1666:comet
1626:chord
1612:β In
1554:curve
1536:β In
1508:β or
1492:αΌΟ(Ο)
1472:peri-
1460:with
1450:orbit
1445:Apsis
1379:omega
1361:β In
1329:β In
1303:angle
1279:, or
1271:β In
1225:Earth
1223:like
1173:doors
1136:, or
1134:rotor
1116:) or
1045:from
985:of a
942:wings
715:fluid
627:orbit
543:joule
493:of a
485:β In
455:radio
433:, in
415:force
362:β In
326:| = β
281:of a
266:β In
210:β In
20684:and
20354:Fire
20155:Food
19747:NASA
19743:JAXA
19735:CNSA
19604:and
19583:2021
19528:ISBN
19505:ISBN
19479:ISBN
19350:ISBN
19286:ISBN
19248:ISBN
19221:ISBN
19202:2019
19175:2019
19157:ISBN
19072:2009
19019:ISBN
18990:ISBN
18961:ISBN
18926:ISBN
18895:ISBN
18847:ISBN
18820:ISBN
18776:ISBN
18752:ISBN
18727:ISBN
18684:ISBN
18661:2007
18519:ISBN
18498:ISBN
18491:ISBN
18424:ISBN
18397:ISBN
18366:ISBN
18312:ISBN
18276:ISBN
18243:ISBN
18203:2014
18177:2018
17928:ISBN
17907:ISBN
17889:2018
17860:2018
17782:2018
17745:ISSN
17693:ISSN
17646:ISSN
17524:ISBN
17462:ISBN
17404:ISBN
17307:.com
17285:2017
17272:ISBN
17251:2017
17238:ISBN
17217:2019
17199:ISBN
17152:2015
17014:ISBN
16973:ISBN
16940:NASA
16916:ISBN
16895:2017
16846:2018
16828:ISBN
16799:2018
16773:2018
16744:NIST
16671:2018
16639:2017
16594:(2)
16511:ISBN
16462:2018
16395:2021
16358:ISBN
16345:2011
16294:ISBN
16258:ISBN
16236:OCLC
16226:ISBN
16205:2013
16175:2013
16143:ISBN
16120:ISBN
16093:ISBN
16050:ISBN
16026:ISBN
15931:ISBN
15906:ISBN
15836:ISBN
15802:2017
15771:ISBN
15757:2017
15731:2017
15706:2018
15675:ISBN
15659:ISBN
15635:ISBN
15615:ISBN
15563:ISSN
15537:2012
15510:2018
15484:2018
15437:ISBN
15406:ISBN
15376:ISBN
15349:ISBN
15309:2022
15283:2011
15250:2015
15229:ISBN
15198:2010
15171:ISBN
15093:2010
15028:2016
14981:2015
14948:ISBN
14898:PMID
14818:2008
14786:ISBN
14772:2015
14741:ISBN
14710:ISBN
14679:ISBN
14658:ISBN
14619:ISBN
14372:kite
14294:drag
14255:lift
14246:Wing
14235:NASA
14217:and
14181:and
14149:and
14094:and
14072:vane
13948:km/h
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