31:
1816:, which houses the vocal folds (vocal cords) with the related controlling nerves, muscles, and cartilage. Typically, this surgery is considered to improve the position or tension of the vocal folds which can improve vocal volume and production. This is also known as laryngeal framework surgery. The most common technique may be to insert small blocks of custom-shaped
1318:
Group of inherited disorders in which noncancerous tumors grow on several nerves that usually include the hearing nerve. The symptoms of NF-2 include tumors on the hearing nerve which can affect hearing and balance. NF-2 may occur in the teenage years with hearing loss. Also see acoustic
473:
Disruption in the labyrinth, the inner ear organ that controls the balance system, which allows individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment. The labyrinth works with other systems in the body, such as the visual and skeletal systems, to maintain
462:
Biological system that enables individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment and to maintain a desired position. Normal balance depends on information from the labyrinth in the inner ear, from other senses such as sight and touch, and from muscle
2094:
Hereditary disorder that is characterized by hearing impairment, a white shock of hair and/or distinctive blue color to one or both eyes, and wide-set inner corners of the eyes. Balance problems are also associated with some types of
Waardenburg
602:
Method of communication that combines speech reading with a system of hand-shapes placed near the mouth to help deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals differentiate words that look similar on the lips (e.g., bunch vs. punch) or are hidden (e.g.,
906:
Disruption in the normal hearing process that may occur in outer, middle, or inner ear, whereby sound waves are not conducted to the inner ear, converted to electrical signals and/or nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain to be
355:
A test for brain functioning in comatose, unresponsive, etc., patients, and for hearing in infants and young children; involves attaching electrodes to the head to record electrical activity from the hearing nerve and other parts of the
2036:
Muscularized folds of mucous membrane that extend from the larynx (voice box) wall. The folds are enclosed in elastic vocal ligament and muscle that control the tension and rate of vibration of the cords as air passes through
1690:
Any defect or abnormality that prevents an individual from communicating by means of spoken words. Speech disorders may develop from nerve injury to the brain, muscular paralysis, structural defects, hysteria, or mental
1339:
Hearing loss caused by exposure to harmful sounds, either very loud impulse sound(s) or repeated exposure to sounds over 90-decibel level over an extended period of time that damage the sensitive structures of the inner
1306:
Group of inherited disorders in which noncancerous tumors grow on several nerves that may include the hearing nerve. The symptoms of NF-1 include coffee-colored spots on the skin, enlargement, deformation of bones, and
1994:
System in the body that is responsible for maintaining balance, posture, and the body's orientation in space. This system also regulates locomotion and other movements and keeps objects in visual focus as the body
1012:
Disorder that can include several characteristics such as absence of the sense of smell and decreased functional activity of the gonads (organs that produce sex cells), affecting growth and sexual development.
1457:
Abnormal growth of bone of the inner ear. This bone prevents structures within the ear from working properly and causes hearing loss. For some people with otosclerosis, the hearing loss may become severe.
396:
Tools that help individuals with limited or absent speech to communicate, such as communication boards, pictographs (symbols that look like the things they represent), or ideographs (symbols representing
326:
Technical tools and devices such as alphabet boards, text telephones, or text-to-speech conversion software used to aid individuals who have communication disorders perform actions, tasks, and activities.
614:
One group of herpes viruses that infects humans and can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, including deafness or hearing impairment; infection with the virus may be either before or after birth.
931:
505:
Auditory prosthesis that bypasses the cochlea and auditory nerve. This type of implant helps individuals who cannot benefit from a cochlear implant because the auditory nerves are not working.
1964:
Inherited disorder characterized by cleft palate (opening in the roof of the mouth), heart defects, characteristic facial appearance, minor learning problems, and speech and feeding problems.
1890:
Surgical opening into the trachea (windpipe) to help someone breathe who has an obstruction or swelling in the larynx (voice box) or upper throat or who has had the larynx surgically removed.
572:
Medical device that bypasses damaged structures in the inner ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve, allowing some deaf individuals to learn to hear and interpret sounds and speech.
431:
a psychiatric syndrome featuring restricted and repetitive behaviors, and impaired social interaction and communication; or the group of syndromes to which autistic disorder belongs - the
1820:
just inside of the tracheal wall, pushing the vocal fold muscle inward (medialization). This typically strengthens the output of a weaker voice but it also reduces the exchange volume of
1711:
Health professional trained to evaluate and treat people who have voice, speech, language, or swallowing disorders (including hearing impairment) that affect their ability to communicate.
1258:
Group of disorders caused by the inability to accurately produce speech sounds (phonemes) because of muscle weakness or incoordination or difficulty performing voluntary muscle movements.
1927:
Taste of substances such as L-glutamate salts (MSG) that are found in foods like bouillon and other stocks. (reference:Yamaguchi S, Ninomiya K. J Nutr. 2000 Apr:130(4S Suppl):921S-926S.)
522:
Text display of spoken words, presented on a television or a movie screen, that allows a deaf or hard-of-hearing viewer to follow the dialogue and the action of a program simultaneously.
1323:
1974:
Illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around an individual (objective vertigo) or as if the individual were revolving in space (subjective vertigo).
348:
46:
In particular, it has problems with needing capitalization of first letter of definitions and decapitalization of first letter of term entries except where they contain proper names.
2119:
911:
1639:
Method of communication for people who are deaf or hard of hearing in which hand movements, gestures, and facial expressions convey grammatical structure and meaning. rhinitis.
1759:
1391:
1059:
Childhood disorder of unknown origin which often extends into adulthood and can be identified by gradual or sudden loss of the ability to understand and use spoken language.
1670:
Difficulty with language or the organized-symbol system used for communication in the absence of problems such as mental retardation, hearing loss, or emotional disorders.
927:
Abnormally rough or harsh-sounding voice caused by vocal abuse and other disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux, thyroid problems, or trauma to the larynx (voice box).
1494:
Group of viruses that can cause noncancerous wart-like tumors to grow on the surface of skin and internal organs such as the respiratory tract; can be life-threatening.
1701:
Part of a cochlear implant that converts speech sounds into electrical impulses to stimulate the auditory nerve, allowing an individual to understand sound and speech.
1467:
Drugs such as a special class of antibiotics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, that can damage the hearing and balance organs located in the inner ear for some individuals.
671:
Group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in the strength or coordination of the muscles of the speech mechanism as a result of damage to the brain or nerves.
316:
Inability to correctly produce speech sounds (phonemes) because of imprecise placement, timing, pressure, speed, or flow of movement of the lips, tongue, or throat.
1559:
1204:
Movement disorder that can involve excessive eye blinking (blepharospasm) with involuntary movements of the jaw muscles, lips, and tongue (oromandibular dystonia).
1725:(CVA); caused by a lack of blood to the brain, resulting in the sudden loss of speech, language, or the ability to move a body part, and, if severe enough, death.
1569:
1329:
Inability to exchange information with others because of hearing, speech, and/or language problems caused by impairment of the nervous system (brain or nerves).
886:
Series of events in which sound waves in the air are converted to electrical signals, which are sent as nerve impulses to the brain, where they are interpreted.
1033:
1856:
Large muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing. It is the main organ of taste, and assists in forming speech sounds.
411:
390:
380:
1643:
1289:
344:
uses a variety of tests and procedures to assess hearing and balance function and to fit and dispense hearing aids and other assistive devices for hearing.
1525:
Leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear that occurs without apparent cause or that is associated with head trauma, physical exertion, or barotrauma.
499:
249:
2009:
1695:
1093:
1796:
1242:
1188:
1786:
1461:
711:
Learning disability characterized by reading difficulties. Some individuals may also have difficulty writing, spelling, or working with numbers.
2051:
1039:
Excessive fluid in the organ of balance (labyrinth); can cause pressure or fullness in the ears, hearing loss, dizziness, and loss of balance.
1545:
Chemical substances secreted by an animal that elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response in another animal of the same species.
870:
1238:
Part of the ear that includes the eardrum and three tiny bones of the middle ear, ending at the round window that leads to the inner ear.
1792:
Mechanical instruments that make use of touch to help individuals who have certain disabilities, such as deaf-blindness, to communicate.
1817:
1344:
1167:
Childhood disorders characterized by difficulty with certain skills such as reading or writing in individuals with normal intelligence.
1838:
Sensation of a ringing, roaring, or buzzing sound in the ears or head. It is often associated with many forms of hearing impairment.
336:
Health care professional who is trained to evaluate hearing loss and related disorders, including balance (vestibular) disorders and
1900:
Hereditary disease with multiorgan manifestation. Typical symptoms are epileptic seizures, autism, skin disorders, and renal tumors.
1049:
Viral or bacterial infection or inflammation of the inner ear that can cause dizziness, loss of balance, and temporary hearing loss.
798:
Fluid in the labyrinth (the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule).
651:
In individuals with normal muscle tone and speech muscle coordination, partial loss of the ability to consistently pronounce words.
896:
Electronic device that brings amplified sound to the ear. A hearing aid usually consists of a microphone, amplifier, and receiver.
92:
that could have the potential to affect the ways in which individuals can hear, listen, understand, speak and respond to others.
1427:
Low-intensity sounds produced by the inner ear that can be quickly measured with a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal.
1157:
Valve structure between the trachea (windpipe) and the pharynx (the upper throat) that is the primary organ of voice production.
1099:
Noncancerous, callous-like growths on the inner parts of the vocal folds (vocal cords); usually caused by vocal abuse or misuse.
1765:
Hearing loss or deafness that, along with other characteristics, is inherited or passed down through generations of a family.
1079:
Any of a number of problems with verbal communication and the ability to use or understand a symbol system for communication.
1228:
Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that envelop the brain and the spinal cord; may cause hearing loss or deafness.
526:
488:
41:
778:
Yellow secretion from glands in the outer ear (cerumen) that keeps the skin of the ear dry and protected from infection.
286:
Total or partial loss of the ability to use or understand language; usually caused by stroke, brain disease, or injury.
1585:
Loss of hearing that gradually occurs because of changes in the inner or middle ear in individuals as they grow older.
1109:
Loss of function or feeling of one or both of the vocal folds caused by injury or disease to the nerves of the larynx.
1602:
Any of a group of problems characterized by difficulty using or understanding the symbol system for written language.
67:
2146:
2015:
Mechanical instruments that help individuals who are deaf to detect and interpret sound through the sense of touch.
1535:
Disorders characterized by delays in several areas of development that may include socialization and communication.
1529:
641:
A neurodevelopmental disorder, causing persistent difficulty with language, affecting about 7–9% of the population.
2141:
2077:
Group of problems involving abnormal pitch, loudness, or quality of the sound produced by the larynx (voice box).
1745:
Loss of hearing that occurs quickly due to such causes as explosion, a viral infection, or the use of some drugs.
1504:
Any disease or perversion of the sense of smell, especially the subjective perception of odors that do not exist.
1029:
Organ of balance located in the inner ear. The labyrinth consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule.
635:
1659:
Momentary disruption of voice caused by involuntary movements of one or more muscles of the larynx or voice box.
1350:
Hearing loss or deafness that is inherited and is not associated with other inherited clinical characteristics.
985:
Part of the ear that contains both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and the organ of balance (the labyrinth).
645:
237:
Tumor, usually benign, which may develop on the hearing and balance nerves and can cause gradual hearing loss,
1275:
Ability of the brain and/or certain parts of the nervous system to adapt to new conditions, such as an injury.
1214:
Inner ear disorder that can affect both hearing and balance. It can cause episodes of vertigo, hearing loss,
586:
366:
Eighth cranial nerve that connects the inner ear to the brainstem and is responsible for hearing and balance.
49:
1285:
Devices that substitute for an injured or diseased part of the nervous system, such as the cochlear implant.
582:
Thinking skills that include perception, memory, awareness, reasoning, judgment, intellect, and imagination.
265:
Hereditary condition characterized by kidney disease, sensorineural hearing loss, and sometimes eye defects.
1663:
1575:
Individual who is either born deaf or who lost their hearing early in childhood, before acquiring language.
370:
2057:
Trembling or shaking of one or more of the muscles of the larynx, resulting in an unsteady-sounding voice.
1705:
1824:, as the tracheal opening has been permanently reduced. This surgery is named for its proximity to the
1623:
1333:
407:
Techniques used with people who are hearing impaired to improve their ability to speak and communicate.
1129:
Hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords).
495:
Balance disorder that results in sudden onset of dizziness, spinning, or vertigo when moving the head.
417:
Individual's immune system produces abnormal antibodies that react against the body's healthy tissues.
1958:
1208:
2025:
Inability of one or both vocal folds (vocal cords) to move because of damage to the brain or nerves.
1755:
Any of a group of problems that interferes with the transfer of food from the mouth to the stomach.
1722:
1311:
1299:
1053:
432:
306:
Inability to execute a voluntary movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function.
242:
1812:
Surgical technique(s) to improve the human voice by altering single or multiple structures of the
255:
Loss of hearing that occurs or develops some time during the lifespan but is not present at birth.
532:
Inability to differentiate, recognize, or understand sounds; hearing and intelligence are normal.
81:
1252:
1006:
269:
1978:
1023:
788:
Repeating what one has already said or heard; often associated with Autism
Spectrum Disorder.
536:
310:
19:
2088:
2019:
1999:
1860:
1674:
1437:
Physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ears, nose, throat, and head and neck.
1421:
401:
1866:
Tactile sense; the sense by which contact with the skin or mucous membrane is experienced.
8:
1749:
1653:
1161:
1103:
989:
815:
System of rules used by speakers of a language to produce and understand spoken language.
1629:
Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells and/or nerve fibers of the inner ear.
661:
Physical unsteadiness, imbalance, and lightheadedness associated with balance disorders.
1894:
1821:
1735:
Frequent repetition of words or parts of words that disrupts the smooth flow of speech.
1147:
is created and an implant is inserted into the para-glottic space via an open approach.
1083:
900:
552:
Accumulation of dead cells in the middle ear, caused by repeated middle ear infections.
276:
Manual language with its own syntax and grammar, used primarily by people who are deaf.
1988:
1968:
1870:
1519:
1279:
1144:
1073:
456:
1477:
External portion of the ear, consisting of the pinna, or auricle, and the ear canal.
1069:
System for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs, or marks.
1596:
1431:
566:
467:
320:
231:
1846:
are but two predisposing conditions which can lead to the development of tinnitus.
2071:
2067:
Sound produced by air passing out through the larynx and upper respiratory tract.
1739:
1684:
1269:
1089:
Abnormal growths in the larynx (voice box) that can be cancerous or noncancerous.
880:
607:
452:
Prelinguistic sound play by infants; characterized by labial consonants(/b/p/m/).
259:
85:
1947:
Long bone in the arm on the pinky side that goes from the humerus to the carpal.
852:
Sensory cells of the inner ear, which are topped with hair-like structures, the
1931:
1843:
1839:
1488:
1401:
1198:
856:, and which transform the mechanical energy of sound waves into nerve impulses.
675:
360:
1910:
Surgical repair of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) or bones of the middle ear.
1876:
Neurological disorder characterized by recurring movements and sounds (called
542:
Diseases or problems associated with the sense of smell or the sense of taste.
340:, and to rehabilitate individuals with hearing loss and related disorders. An
2135:
1904:
1825:
1633:
1133:
1043:
762:
546:
1884:
1606:
1451:
1411:
1381:
1113:
860:
562:
Snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of hearing.
1407:
Inflammation of the outer part of the ear extending to the auditory canal.
974:
Alterations in the pitch and prosody of spoken language to convey meaning.
2061:
2041:
2029:
1937:
Hereditary disease that affects hearing and vision and sometimes balance.
1806:
1579:
890:
853:
596:
341:
330:
1802:
Disorders or diseases of the larynx (voice box), pharynx, or esophagus.
1729:
1508:
1232:
1222:
1140:
1123:
968:
941:
921:
835:
Disease related to eyes due to increase in IOP(intraorbicular pressure)
685:
665:
516:
478:
241:, and/or dizziness. (sometimes called vestibular schwannoma). Also see
95:
2113:
1549:
1539:
1471:
1441:
1371:
846:
819:
792:
782:
735:
725:
695:
655:
576:
1832:
1498:
1215:
1063:
951:
829:
745:
715:
705:
446:
337:
238:
1515:
Process of knowing or being aware of information through the ear.
1361:
1178:
809:
625:
556:
300:
290:
280:
89:
2120:
National
Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
1850:
1813:
1715:
1151:
772:
484:
Injury to the middle ear caused by a reduction of air pressure.
428:
421:
1184:
Back portion of the temporal bone that contains the inner ear.
592:
Hearing loss caused by dysfunction of the outer or middle ear.
1921:
1776:
1342:
1194:
Surgical procedure to remove infection from the mastoid bone.
376:
Ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound.
1941:
1565:
Individual who becomes deaf after having acquired language.
1397:
Understanding speech without visual clues (speech reading).
1295:
To activate or energize a nerve through an external source.
1387:
Device for estimating the intensity of the sense of smell.
1877:
1447:
Physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ear.
979:
917:
Hearing loss passed down through generations of a family.
1119:
Surgery to remove part or all of the larynx (voice box).
929:
386:
Device that substitutes or enhances the ability to hear.
1248:
Innacurately produced speech sound (phoneme) or sounds.
524:
486:
768:
Presence and growth of bacteria or viruses in the ear.
691:
Disruption in the smooth flow or expression of speech.
631:
Unit that measures the intensity or loudness of sound.
1527:
1321:
995:
Refers to the energy flow per unit area (audiology).
1417:
Inflammation of the middle ear caused by infection.
346:
633:
1612:Membrane separating the middle ear and inner ear.
2133:
909:
741:Any impairment of the voice or speaking ability.
584:
1757:
1661:
1143:to help strengthen the voice - a window in the
80:This is a glossary of medical terms related to
1703:
1389:
876:Instrument for measuring sensitivity to touch.
1621:
1367:Substance that stimulates the sense of smell.
1331:
1956:
751:Abnormal muscle tone of one or more muscles.
721:Distortion or absence of the sense of smell.
701:Distortion or absence of the sense of taste.
1309:
1297:
1218:, and the sensation of fullness in the ear.
1139:Laryngeal framework surgery of a paralysed
1051:
1345:Nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment
1004:
1557:
1250:
534:
267:
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1976:
1567:
1419:
1206:
1159:
308:
2086:
2017:
1782:Related to touch or the sense of touch.
1747:
1031:
399:
388:
2134:
1651:
1101:
1081:
643:
409:
378:
368:
1892:
1641:
1287:
1071:
932:Hyper neurotic diafragma contractions
2007:
1986:
1868:
1594:
1517:
1277:
1091:
527:Central auditory processing disorder
497:
489:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
318:
247:
24:
1794:
1693:
1429:
898:
866:Sense of physical contact or touch.
564:
465:
229:
13:
2069:
1984:Infection at the vestibular nerve.
1784:
1737:
1682:
1267:
1240:
1186:
605:
257:
14:
2158:
1929:
1530:Pervasive developmental disorders
1486:
1459:
1399:
1324:Neurogenic communication disorder
1196:
673:
358:
1902:
1631:
1131:
1041:
957:Diminished sensitivity to smell.
947:Diminished sensitivity to taste.
760:
544:
349:Auditory Brainstem Response test
29:
2049:
1882:
1604:
1449:
1409:
1379:
1111:
858:
636:Developmental language disorder
214:
98:
2106:
2039:
2027:
1804:
1577:
888:
646:Developmental verbal dyspraxia
594:
328:
38:This article needs editing to
1:
2099:
2005:Bony cavity of the inner ear.
1727:
1537:
1506:
1230:
1220:
1121:
966:
939:
919:
912:Hereditary hearing impairment
868:
844:
683:
663:
587:Conductive hearing impairment
514:
476:
1997:
1760:Syndromic hearing impairment
1664:Specific language impairment
1547:
1469:
1439:
1369:
1302:(NF-1 von Recklinghausen's)
1021:
987:
976:
825:Act or sensation of tasting.
817:
790:
780:
733:
723:
693:
653:
574:
97:
7:
1830:
1706:Speech-language pathologist
1496:
1392:Open-set speech recognition
1061:
949:
827:
743:
713:
703:
681:Any disturbance of balance.
444:
10:
2163:
1966:
1774:
1624:Sensorineural hearing loss
1359:
1334:Noise-induced hearing loss
1176:
878:
807:
623:
554:
454:
298:
288:
278:
42:Manual of Style/Glossaries
17:
1959:Velocardiofacial syndrome
1848:
1713:
1672:
1649:Ability to produce voice.
1149:
770:
433:autism spectrum disorders
419:
2059:
1919:
1858:
1723:cerebrovascular accident
1312:Neurofibromatosis Type 2
1300:Neurofibromatosis Type 1
1054:Landau-Kleffner syndrome
243:Neurofibromatosis Type 2
105:
40:comply with Knowledge's
18:Not to be confused with
2147:Communication disorders
1939:
1555:Study of speech sounds.
296:Complete loss of voice.
82:communication disorders
2142:Glossaries of medicine
1560:Postlingually deafened
1253:Motor speech disorders
731:Difficulty swallowing.
537:Chemosensory disorders
270:American Sign Language
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
1979:Vestibular Neuronitis
1680:Spoken communication.
1570:Prelingually deafened
1422:Otoacoustic emissions
1162:Learning disabilities
311:Articulation disorder
20:Communicable diseases
2089:Waardenburg syndrome
2081:
2020:Vocal cord paralysis
1951:
1914:
1769:
1750:Swallowing disorders
1616:
1589:
1481:
1377:The act of smelling.
1354:
1262:
1171:
1034:Labyrinthine hydrops
1016:
999:
961:
839:
802:
755:
618:
509:
439:
402:Aural rehabilitation
391:Augmentative devices
224:
1654:Spasmodic dysphonia
1104:Laryngeal paralysis
1084:Laryngeal neoplasms
1007:Kallmann's syndrome
412:Autoimmune deafness
381:Auditory prosthesis
371:Auditory perception
50:improve the content
1895:Tuberous Sclerosis
1822:pulmonary function
1644:Sound vocalization
1290:Neural stimulation
1074:Language disorders
90:medical conditions
2010:Vibrotactile aids
1989:Vestibular system
1871:Tourette syndrome
1597:Reading disorders
1520:Perilymph fistula
1280:Neural prostheses
1209:Ménière's disease
1145:thyroid cartilage
1094:Laryngeal nodules
500:Brainstem implant
429:autistic disorder
321:Assistive devices
250:Acquired deafness
78:
77:
70:
2154:
2126:
2125:
2124:. 12 April 2023.
2110:
2047:See Vocal cords.
1797:Throat disorders
1721:Also known as a
1696:Speech processor
1432:Otolaryngologist
901:Hearing disorder
567:Cochlear implant
468:Balance disorder
232:Acoustic neuroma
100:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
33:
32:
25:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
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2152:
2151:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2091:
2084:
2074:
2072:Voice disorders
2064:
2054:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1835:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1787:Tactile devices
1779:
1772:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1740:Sudden deafness
1732:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1687:
1685:Speech disorder
1677:
1667:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1501:
1491:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1357:
1347:
1336:
1326:
1315:
1303:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1270:Neuroplasticity
1265:
1255:
1245:
1243:Misarticulation
1235:
1225:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1189:Mastoid surgery
1181:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1019:
1009:
1002:
992:
982:
971:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
849:
842:
832:
822:
812:
805:
795:
785:
775:
765:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
708:
698:
688:
678:
668:
658:
648:
638:
628:
621:
611:
608:Cytomegalovirus
599:
589:
579:
569:
559:
549:
539:
529:
519:
512:
502:
492:
481:
470:
459:
449:
442:
424:
414:
404:
393:
383:
373:
363:
352:
333:
323:
313:
303:
293:
283:
273:
262:
260:Alport syndrome
252:
234:
227:
222:
221:
220:
219:
101:
74:
63:
57:
54:
47:
34:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2160:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2128:
2127:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:Usher syndrome
1930:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1844:ear infections
1840:Noise exposure
1836:
1831:
1829:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:Papillomavirus
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:Ototoxic drugs
1460:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1402:Otitis externa
1400:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1307:neurofibromas.
1304:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:Meige syndrome
1197:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
988:
986:
983:
977:
975:
972:
967:
963:
960:
959:
958:
955:
950:
948:
945:
940:
938:
935:
930:
928:
925:
920:
918:
915:
910:
908:
904:
899:
897:
894:
889:
887:
884:
879:
877:
874:
869:
867:
864:
859:
857:
850:
845:
841:
838:
837:
836:
833:
828:
826:
823:
818:
816:
813:
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
791:
789:
786:
781:
779:
776:
771:
769:
766:
761:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
744:
742:
739:
734:
732:
729:
724:
722:
719:
714:
712:
709:
704:
702:
699:
694:
692:
689:
684:
682:
679:
676:Dysequilibrium
674:
672:
669:
664:
662:
659:
654:
652:
649:
644:
642:
639:
634:
632:
629:
624:
620:
617:
616:
615:
612:
606:
604:
600:
595:
593:
590:
585:
583:
580:
575:
573:
570:
565:
563:
560:
555:
553:
550:
545:
543:
540:
535:
533:
530:
525:
523:
520:
515:
511:
508:
507:
506:
503:
498:
496:
493:
487:
485:
482:
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
450:
445:
441:
438:
437:
436:
425:
420:
418:
415:
410:
408:
405:
400:
398:
394:
389:
387:
384:
379:
377:
374:
369:
367:
364:
361:Auditory nerve
359:
357:
353:
347:
345:
334:
329:
327:
324:
319:
317:
314:
309:
307:
304:
299:
297:
294:
289:
287:
284:
279:
277:
274:
268:
266:
263:
258:
256:
253:
248:
246:
235:
230:
226:
223:
218:
217:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
102:
96:
94:
76:
75:
37:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2159:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2032:(Vocal folds)
2031:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1906:
1905:Tympanoplasty
1899:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1827:
1826:thyroid gland
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1634:Sign language
1628:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1257:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:Laryngoplasty
1128:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1044:Labyrinthitis
1038:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1003:
994:
991:
984:
981:
973:
970:
965:
956:
953:
946:
943:
936:
933:
926:
923:
916:
913:
905:
902:
895:
892:
885:
882:
875:
872:
865:
862:
855:
851:
848:
843:
834:
831:
824:
821:
814:
811:
806:
797:
794:
787:
784:
777:
774:
767:
764:
763:Ear infection
759:
750:
747:
740:
737:
730:
727:
720:
717:
710:
707:
700:
697:
690:
687:
680:
677:
670:
667:
660:
657:
650:
647:
640:
637:
630:
627:
622:
613:
609:
601:
598:
591:
588:
581:
578:
571:
568:
561:
558:
551:
548:
547:Cholesteatoma
541:
538:
531:
528:
521:
518:
513:
504:
501:
494:
490:
483:
480:
472:
469:
461:
458:
451:
448:
443:
434:
430:
427:Can refer to
426:
423:
416:
413:
406:
403:
395:
392:
385:
382:
375:
372:
365:
362:
354:
350:
343:
339:
335:
332:
325:
322:
315:
312:
305:
302:
295:
292:
285:
282:
275:
271:
264:
261:
254:
251:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
216:
213:
212:
211:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
93:
91:
87:
86:psychological
83:
72:
69:
61:
51:
45:
43:
36:
27:
26:
21:
16:
2117:
2108:
2052:Vocal tremor
1885:Tracheostomy
1691:retardation.
1607:Round window
1452:Otosclerosis
1412:Otitis media
1382:Olfactometer
1114:Laryngectomy
907:interpreted.
861:Haptic sense
610:(Congenital)
210:
79:
64:
55:
48:Please help
39:
15:
2042:Vocal folds
2030:Vocal cords
1807:Thyroplasty
1580:Presbycusis
937:The hiccups
891:Hearing aid
854:stereocilia
597:Cued speech
351:(ABR test)
342:audiologist
331:Audiologist
2136:Categories
2114:"Glossary"
2100:References
1842:and inner
1730:Stuttering
1540:Pheromones
1511:(Hearing)
1509:Perception
1319:neurinoma.
1233:Middle ear
1223:Meningitis
1141:vocal cord
1124:Laryngitis
969:Inflection
942:Hypogeusia
922:Hoarseness
871:Haptometer
847:Hair cells
686:Dysfluency
666:Dysarthria
517:Captioning
479:Barotrauma
215:References
84:which are
2095:syndrome.
2000:Vestibule
1550:Phonology
1472:Outer ear
1442:Otologist
1372:Olfaction
1024:Labyrinth
990:Intensity
820:Gustation
793:Endolymph
783:Echolalia
736:Dysphonia
726:Dysphagia
696:Dysgeusia
656:Dizziness
577:Cognition
463:movement.
1833:Tinnitus
1818:silastin
1499:Parosmia
1216:tinnitus
1064:Language
952:Hyposmia
830:Glaucoma
746:Dystonia
716:Dysosmia
706:Dyslexia
474:posture.
447:Babbling
338:tinnitus
239:tinnitus
99:Contents
58:May 2014
2122:(NIDCD)
1969:Vertigo
1777:Tactile
1362:Odorant
1314:(NF-2)
1179:Mastoid
881:Hearing
810:Grammar
626:Decibel
557:Cochlea
491:(BPPV)
457:Balance
397:ideas).
301:Apraxia
291:Aphonia
281:Aphasia
1995:moves.
1851:Tongue
1814:larynx
1716:Stroke
1675:Speech
1666:(SLI)
1152:Larynx
978:Inner
773:Earwax
422:Autism
356:brain.
272:(ASL)
2062:Voice
2037:them.
1922:Umami
1861:Touch
603:gag).
1942:Ulna
1878:tics
1340:ear.
2118:US
980:ear
106:Top
88:or
2138::
2116:.
1880:).
2082:W
1952:V
1915:U
1828:.
1770:T
1617:S
1590:R
1482:P
1355:O
1263:N
1172:M
1017:L
1000:K
962:I
840:H
803:G
756:E
619:D
510:C
440:B
435:.
245:.
225:A
206:W
201:V
196:U
191:T
186:S
181:R
176:P
171:O
166:N
161:M
156:L
151:K
146:I
141:H
136:G
131:E
126:D
121:C
116:B
111:A
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
52:.
44:.
22:.
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