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Glossary of mereology

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A principle in mereology stating that if an object is not part of another, then there must be a part of the latter that does not overlap with the object, emphasizing the distinctness and separability of parts within
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A position in mereology that holds any collection of entities, regardless of how disparate, can constitute a whole, leading to the possibility of any entities forming a composite object. Also called "
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A principle often discussed in the context of mereology, stating that no two distinct objects have exactly the same properties, thus differentiating even similar wholes by their specific parts.
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of something else, which means objects are composable into further objects indefinitely, never forming a complete "world". (Short for "worldless junk"; coined as the converse of "atomless
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In mereology, a simple is an object that has no parts other than itself, often considered in discussions of mereological nihilism and the debate over the existence of composite objects.
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A principle in mereology allowing for the existence of a composite object consisting of any collection of parts, regardless of how dispersed or unrelated those parts may be.
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represents the status of being a basic actual concrete object, i.e., an object that is concrete and does not depend on anything concrete. Not to be confused with senses of "
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The principle in mereology that suggests wholes are continuously divisible into smaller and smaller parts, with no abrupt discontinuities in the structure of the objects.
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A branch of mereology that focuses on the relations of parts to wholes based on the extensions of the parts, without regard to the nature or properties of the parts.
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In mereology, a principle stating that if A is part of B and B is part of A, then A and B are identical, reinforcing the notion of precise part-whole relationships.
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An approach to mereology where parts and wholes can form circular or self-referential structures, challenging traditional, well-founded notions of parthood.
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Because mereology applies to individuals, it is called the calculus of individuals, in contrast to set theory, which is called the calculus of classes.
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The principle that an object x is part of an object y if, and only if, the region in space occupied by x is part of the region in space occupied by y.
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that deals with wholes that are ultimately composed of indivisible parts, or atoms, focusing on how such atomic parts combine to form larger wholes.
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The view in mereology that parts are essential to the wholes they constitute; that is, a whole cannot exist without having precisely those parts.
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The relation that connects many things to a single thing that includes whatever is in the many things, and nothing extraneous to them.
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The view that two objects always compose a third, which is to say, that mereological composition is unrestricted. Also called "
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The philosophical position that denies the existence of composite objects, asserting that only basic, partless entities exist.
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An object that is composed of all and only the entities in a given collection, according to the principles of mereology.
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The property where if A is part of B, and B is part of C, then A is part of C, emphasizing the chain-like nature of
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The study of the relationships between parts and wholes, and the principles governing the composition of objects.
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General extensional mereology is the mereological theory obtained by assuming that the parthood relation is a
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A relation between two entities where one is a part of the other but not equivalent to it, indicating a
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Minimal mereology is the mereological theory obtained by assuming that the parthood relation is a
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Ground mereology is the mereological theory obtained by assuming that the parthood relation is a
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is the philosophical study of part-whole relationships, also called parthood relationships.
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and that the strong supplementation principle, and the unrestricted fusion principle, hold.
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The relation between an entity and a composite object of which it is a part, central to
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The principle in mereology stating that two objects are identical if they have the same
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The principle in mereology stating that two objects are identical if they have the same
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A concept in mereology where two objects do not share any parts in common, opposite of
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Champollion, Lucas; Krifka, Manfred (2016), Aloni, Maria; Dekker, Paul (eds.),
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Classical mereology is the mereological theory obtained by assuming that the
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In mereology, the relation between objects or sets that share at least one
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indefinitely, with no simplest parts or atoms. (Short for "atomless gunk".)
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Kleinschmidt, Shieva, ed. (2014-01-09). "Mereology and Modality".
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Gruszczyński, R. (2013). "Mereological Fusion as an Upper Bound".
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The view that there is only one fundamental object, which is the
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Cotnoir, A. J.; Varzi, Achille C. (2021). "What is Mereology?".
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The view there are more than one fundamental object; opposed to
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Adjective describing entities, or worlds, made out of atomless
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Term coined by John Parsons for what is more commonly called "
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The property according to which everything is part of itself.
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The view that, in a large and significant domain of things,
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List of definitions of terms and concepts used in mereology
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Giberman, Daniel; Philosophy Documentation Center (2020).
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Canavotto, Ilaria; Giordani, Alessandro (2022-10-01).
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Oxford University Press. pp. 199–224. 1322: 922: 580:in it, i.e., a world where every object is a 527: 331: 46:Please help adding a more precise page range. 1990: 1858: 1720: 1630: 1558: 1510: 1472: 1451: 762: 657: 449:An object or substance whose parts all have 245: 1997:. Oxford University Press. pp. 33–56. 1813: 1811: 1596: 1392: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1073: 473:– that is, objects all of whose parts have 455:, which means the object is divisible into 2045: 2031: 1308:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. p. 424. 1207:The Cambridge Handbook of Formal Semantics 1032: 721: 649: 293: 2003:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199593828.003.0003 1948: 1925: 1884: 1835: 1580:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199603039.001.0001 1447: 1445: 980:relationship in the context of mereology. 550:A state of affairs where all objects are 62:Learn how and when to remove this message 1808: 1639: 1401: 1373: 1303: 1278: 1236: 908: 856:{\displaystyle (\exists !x)Bx~\&~Bu} 746: 716: 621:A proposed term for structures that are 359: 1678: 1571:Oxford Studies in Metaphysics: volume 6 1498:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1256:Mereology: a philosophical introduction 695: 4121: 1442: 1108: 709: 681: 301: 3784: 2526: 2064: 2026: 1820:"Monism, Emergence, and Plural Logic" 1491: 1458:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1304:Bunnin, Nicholas; Yu, Jiyuan (2004). 1297: 1253: 1000: 994:. Not to be confused with senses of " 688: 395: 1817: 1739: 1605: 1376:This is metaphysics: an introduction 1335: 784: 674: 581: 551: 474: 450: 374: 18: 1786: 1642:"Monism: The Priority of the Whole" 1339:A Dictionary of Philosophical Logic 754: 425: 253: 32:This article cites its sources but 13: 1818:Bohn, Einar Duenger (2012-03-01). 1693:10.1093/oso/9780199218394.003.0007 1606:Bohn, Einar Duenger (April 2009). 970: 841: 820: 14: 4140: 1640:Schaffer, Jonathan (2010-01-01). 1130: 1016:to wholes, although wholes exist. 367: 4102: 4101: 4088: 1957:, De Gruyter, pp. 161–182, 1949:Johansson, Ingvar (2013-05-02), 1723:Bulletin of the Section of Logic 1532:Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 1059:strong supplementation principle 968:, the study of parts and wholes. 907:" outside of mereology, or with 733: 265: 23: 1984: 1942: 1901: 1852: 1780: 1733: 1714: 1672: 230: 88: 2052: 1624:10.1111/j.1467-9213.2008.573.x 1272: 1007: 829: 817: 726:is the only correct theory of 323: 1: 4129:Philosophy-related glossaries 3785: 1685:Oxford Studies In Metaphysics 1496:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 1184: 1080: 944: 727: 456: 411:general extensional mereology 308: 225: 3574:Ordinary language philosophy 2065: 1865:The Review of Symbolic Logic 1792:Metaphysics: an introduction 1679:Parsons, Josh (2007-05-31), 1608:"Must There be a Top Level?" 1215:10.1017/cbo9781139236157.014 1101: 982: 776: 702: 87: 7: 3624:Contemporary utilitarianism 3539:Internalism and externalism 1861:"Non-Wellfounded Mereology" 1612:The Philosophical Quarterly 1528:"What it takes to be hunky" 1402:Contessa, Gabriele (2012). 1336:Cook, Roy T. (2009-03-20). 1167: 1094: 989: 958: 883:represents the cosmos, and 739: 669:mereological extensionality 10: 4145: 2888:Svatantrika and Prasangika 2527: 1927:10.1007/s10670-020-00305-5 1742:"Compounds and Aggregates" 1279:Koslicki, Kathrin (2008). 937: 924:non-well-founded mereology 771:compositional universalism 738:. Not to be confused with 628: 627:and all their members are 622: 530:identity of indiscernibles 513: 507: 488: 333:compositional universalism 4082: 4034: 3934: 3896: 3843: 3810: 3801: 3797: 3780: 3730: 3642: 3480: 3471: 3404: 3187: 3178: 3156: 3111: 3053: 3005: 2959: 2950: 2913: 2784: 2649: 2596: 2587: 2537: 2533: 2522: 2461: 2433: 2390: 2342: 2299: 2252: 2224: 2176: 2148: 2110:Philosophy of mathematics 2100:Philosophy of information 2075: 2071: 2060: 1963:10.1515/9783110326857.161 1877:10.1017/s1755020311000293 1837:10.1007/s10670-011-9280-4 1658:10.1215/00318108-2009-025 1137: 1047: 800: 764:mereological universalism 660:mereological essentialism 608: 602: 575: 557: 388: 340:mereological universalism 272: 247:anti-symmetry of parthood 1955:Relations and Predicates 1646:The Philosophical Review 1281:The structure of objects 1082:part-whole relationships 1075:transitivity of parthood 615: 564: 496: 463: 3579:Postanalytic philosophy 3520:Experimental philosophy 1492:Varzi, Achille (2019), 1374:McDaniel, Kris (2020). 1254:Lando, Giorgio (2017). 1034:reflexivity of parthood 998:" outside of mereology. 651:mereological continuity 595: 570:Adjective describing a 544: 502:Adjective describing a 441: 295:calculus of individuals 3712:Social constructionism 2724:Hellenistic philosophy 2140:Theoretical philosophy 2115:Philosophy of religion 2105:Philosophy of language 1994:Mereology and Location 1681:"Theories of Location" 1174:Glossary of set theory 897: 877: 857: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 4095:Philosophy portal 3614:Scientific skepticism 3594:Reformed epistemology 2120:Philosophy of science 1420:10.1093/analys/ans071 1348:10.1515/9780748631971 898: 878: 858: 748:mereological nihilism 723:extensional mereology 361:extensional mereology 76:glossary of mereology 3515:Critical rationalism 3222:Edo neo-Confucianism 3066:Acintya bheda abheda 3045:Renaissance humanism 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3902: 3900: 3898:Middle Eastern 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3814: 3805: 3795: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3662:Existentialism 3659: 3657:Deconstruction 3654: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3490:Applied ethics 3486: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3454:Nietzscheanism 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3396:Utilitarianism 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3297: 3296: 3294:Transcendental 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3232:Existentialism 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3020:Augustinianism 3017: 3011: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2963: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2933:Zoroastrianism 2930: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2790: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2776:Church Fathers 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2658: 2656: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2531: 2530: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2467: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2291:Libertarianism 2288: 2287: 2286: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2095:Metaphilosophy 2092: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2069: 2068: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2019: 2018: 2011: 1983: 1971: 1941: 1900: 1871:(2): 187–204. 1851: 1830:(2): 211–223. 1807: 1800: 1779: 1752:(2): 137–158. 1732: 1713: 1701: 1671: 1629: 1595: 1588: 1557: 1509: 1471: 1464: 1441: 1414:(3): 455–457. 1391: 1384: 1363: 1356: 1321: 1314: 1296: 1289: 1271: 1264: 1235: 1223: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1134: 1132:worldless junk 1131: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1004: 1001: 999: 986: 983: 981: 974: 971: 969: 962: 959: 955: 952: 951: 950: 941: 938: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926: 923: 919: 916: 915: 914: 892: 872: 852: 849: 843: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 804: 801: 799: 788: 785: 783: 780: 777: 775: 766: 763: 761: 758: 755: 753: 750: 747: 745: 713: 710: 708: 699: 696: 694: 685: 682: 680: 671: 668: 666: 663: 658: 656: 653: 650: 646: 643: 642: 639: 636: 635: 634: 619: 616: 614: 599: 596: 592: 589: 588: 587: 572:possible world 568: 565: 563: 548: 545: 541: 538: 537: 536: 533: 528: 524: 521: 520: 519: 504:possible world 500: 497: 495: 492: 489: 485: 482: 481: 480: 467: 464: 462: 447: 442: 440: 429: 426: 424: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 401: 392: 389: 385: 382: 381: 380: 371: 369:extensionality 368: 366: 363: 360: 356: 353: 352: 349: 346: 345: 344: 335: 332: 330: 327: 324: 322: 313:relation is a 305: 302: 300: 297: 294: 290: 287: 286: 283: 280: 279: 278: 269: 266: 264: 257: 254: 252: 249: 246: 242: 239: 234: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 92: 86: 84: 70: 69: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4141: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4109: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4085: 4084: 4081: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035:Miscellaneous 4033: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731:Miscellaneous 3729: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3717:Structuralism 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702:Postmodernism 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692:Phenomenology 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3629:Vienna Circle 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Moral realism 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3361:Phenomenology 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3301:Individualism 3299: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3166:Judeo-Islamic 3164: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3142:ʿIlm al-Kalām 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3091:Shuddhadvaita 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3025:Scholasticism 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2525: 2521: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476:Conceptualism 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2405:Particularism 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2372:Functionalism 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2357:Eliminativism 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2262:Compatibilism 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2201:Particularism 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2014: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1987: 1974: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1812: 1803: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1675: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1636: 1634: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1602: 1600: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1467: 1465:9780191811647 1461: 1457: 1456: 1448: 1446: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1317: 1311: 1307: 1300: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1226: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1190: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1122: 1113: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1084: 1078: 1072: 1062: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1037: 1031: 1024: 1015: 1011: 1005: 997: 993: 987: 979: 978:strict subset 975: 967: 963: 957: 948: 942: 936: 927: 921: 912: 906: 890: 870: 850: 847: 835: 832: 826: 823: 809: 805: 796: 789: 781: 773: 767: 759: 751: 743: 737: 731: 725: 720: 714: 706: 700: 692: 687:Synonym for " 686: 678: 672: 664: 661: 654: 648: 641: 632: 626: 620: 612: 606: 600: 594: 585: 579: 573: 569: 561: 555: 549: 543: 534: 531: 526: 517: 511: 506:that is both 505: 501: 493: 487: 478: 472: 468: 460: 454: 448: 445: 437: 430: 421: 414: 408: 399: 394:Synonym for " 393: 387: 378: 372: 364: 358: 351: 342: 336: 328: 319: 312: 306: 298: 292: 285: 276: 270: 267:atomless gunk 262: 258: 250: 244: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 83: 81: 77: 66: 63: 55: 43: 39: 37: 30: 26: 21: 20: 4100: 4086: 3757: 3748:Postcritique 3738:Kyoto School 3697:Posthumanism 3677:Hermeneutics 3532: / 3473:Contemporary 3449:Newtonianism 3412:Cartesianism 3371:Reductionism 3207:Conservatism 3202:Collectivism 3140: 2868:Sarvāstivadā 2846:Anekantavada 2771:Neoplatonism 2739:Epicureanism 2672:Pythagoreans 2611:Confucianism 2577:Contemporary 2567:Early modern 2471:Anti-realism 2425:Universalism 2382:Subjectivism 2178:Epistemology 1993: 1986: 1976:, retrieved 1954: 1944: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1868: 1864: 1854: 1827: 1823: 1791: 1782: 1749: 1745: 1735: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1706:, retrieved 1684: 1674: 1652:(1): 31–76. 1649: 1645: 1615: 1611: 1570: 1538:(1): 51–57. 1535: 1531: 1502:, retrieved 1497: 1454: 1411: 1407: 1375: 1338: 1305: 1299: 1280: 1274: 1255: 1228:, retrieved 1206: 1013: 676:proper parts 553:proper parts 476:proper parts 452:proper parts 376:proper parts 259:A branch of 75: 73: 58: 49: 41: 33: 3743:Objectivism 3682:Neo-Marxism 3644:Continental 3554:Meta-ethics 3534:Coherentism 3439:Hegelianism 3376:Rationalism 3336:Natural law 3316:Materialism 3242:Historicism 3212:Determinism 3103:Navya-Nyāya 2878:Sautrāntika 2873:Pudgalavada 2809:Vaisheshika 2662:Presocratic 2562:Renaissance 2501:Physicalism 2486:Materialism 2392:Normativity 2377:Objectivism 2362:Emergentism 2352:Behaviorism 2301:Metaphysics 2267:Determinism 2206:Rationalism 1788:Ney, Alyssa 1494:"Mereology" 1203:"Mereology" 735:composition 583:proper part 325:composition 4042:Amerindian 3949:Australian 3888:Vietnamese 3868:Indonesian 3417:Kantianism 3366:Positivism 3356:Pragmatism 3331:Naturalism 3311:Liberalism 3289:Subjective 3227:Empiricism 3131:Avicennism 3076:Bhedabheda 2960:East Asian 2883:Madhyamaka 2863:Abhidharma 2729:Pyrrhonism 2496:Nominalism 2491:Naturalism 2420:Skepticism 2410:Relativism 2400:Absolutism 2329:Naturalism 2239:Deontology 2211:Skepticism 2196:Naturalism 2186:Empiricism 2150:Aesthetics 2054:Philosophy 1978:2024-04-21 1914:Erkenntnis 1886:10023/3157 1824:Erkenntnis 1729:: 135–150. 1708:2024-04-22 1504:2024-04-21 1230:2024-04-21 1185:References 949:in common. 231:References 74:This is a 52:April 2024 3921:Pakistani 3883:Taiwanese 3830:Ethiopian 3803:By region 3789:By region 3604:Scientism 3599:Systemics 3459:Spinozism 3386:Socialism 3321:Modernism 3284:Objective 3192:Anarchism 3126:Averroism 3015:Christian 2967:Neotaoism 2938:Zurvanism 2928:Mithraism 2923:Mazdakism 2694:Cyrenaics 2621:Logicians 2254:Free will 2216:Solipsism 2163:Formalism 1936:1572-8420 1895:1755-0203 1846:1572-8420 1766:0029-4624 1666:0031-8108 1552:2161-2234 1455:Mereology 1428:0003-2638 1179:Mereology 1009:pluralism 996:pluralism 984:pluralism 966:mereology 842:& 821:∃ 778:mereology 718:classical 261:mereology 80:Mereology 42:incorrect 4123:Category 4107:Category 4062:Yugoslav 4052:Romanian 3959:Scottish 3944:American 3873:Japanese 3853:Buddhist 3835:Africana 3825:Egyptian 3667:Feminist 3589:Rawlsian 3584:Quietism 3482:Analytic 3434:Krausism 3341:Nihilism 3306:Kokugaku 3269:Absolute 3264:Idealism 3252:Humanism 3040:Occamism 3007:European 2952:Medieval 2898:Yogacara 2858:Buddhist 2851:Syādvāda 2734:Stoicism 2699:Cynicism 2687:Sophists 2682:Atomists 2677:Eleatics 2616:Legalism 2557:Medieval 2481:Idealism 2435:Ontology 2415:Nihilism 2319:Idealism 2077:Branches 2066:Branches 1790:(2023). 1436:23250552 1408:Analysis 1168:See also 1096:underlap 960:parthood 863:, where 729:parthood 310:parthood 226:See also 4057:Russian 4026:Spanish 4021:Slovene 4011:Maltese 4006:Italian 3986:Finland 3954:British 3936:Western 3926:Turkish 3911:Islamic 3906:Iranian 3858:Chinese 3845:Eastern 3812:African 3759:more... 3444:Marxism 3274:British 3217:Dualism 3113:Islamic 3071:Advaita 3061:Vedanta 3035:Scotism 3030:Thomism 2972:Tiantai 2915:Persian 2903:Tibetan 2893:Śūnyatā 2834:Cārvāka 2824:Ājīvika 2819:Mīmāṃsā 2799:Samkhya 2714:Academy 2667:Ionians 2641:Yangism 2598:Chinese 2589:Ancient 2552:Western 2547:Ancient 2506:Realism 2463:Reality 2453:Process 2334:Realism 2314:Dualism 2309:Atomism 2191:Fideism 1774:2216046 1103:overlap 1064:wholes. 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