50:
2291:β a type of argument that is grounded in assumed commonalities between a rhetor and the audience. (For example: Claim 1: Bob is a person. Therefore, Claim 3: Bob is mortal. The assumption (unstated Claim 2) is that People are mortal). In Aristotelian rhetoric, an enthymeme is known as a "rhetorical syllogism": it mirrors the form of a syllogism, but it is based on opinion rather than fact.
2707:β rhetoric involving "an invitation to understanding as a means to create a relationship rooted in quality, immanent value, and self-determination" (Foss and Griffin, 1995); it emphasizes the relationship between the speaker and freedoms of the audience to make decisions for themselves in order to promote equality.
3408:; it describes the scenario that contains a speech act, including the considerations (purpose, audience, author/speaker, constraints to name a few) that play a role in how the act is produced and perceived by its audience; the counterargument regarding Bitzer's situation-rhetoric relationship was made by
2610:), "When he reminded you of your old friendship, were you moved? No, you killed him nevertheless, and with even greater eagerness. And then when his children grovelled at your feet, were you moved to pity? No, in your extreme cruelty you even prevented their father's burial."
3150:β a figure of speech that gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, or represents an absent person as being present. For example, "But if this invincible city should now give utterance to her voice, would she not speak as follows?" (
3412:, who argued for a salience-meaning (or now, agenda-framing-spin) model of persuasion, which emphasized rhetoric as a creative act with increased agent or persuader responsibility for the situation his or her rhetoric creates.
1367:. This page explains commonly used rhetorical terms in alphabetical order. The brief definitions here are intended to serve as a quick reference rather than an in-depth discussion. For more information, click the terms.
2640:β a rhetorical device in which the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word; the goal is to call attention to the more important idea by placing it first.
2885:β a figure of speech where a word that normally applies to one thing is used to designate another for the sake of creating a mental picture, for example, "he lightly breathed a favoring breath". (from
3583:
argument that states if the first two claims are true, then the conclusion is true. (For example: Claim 1: People are mortal. Claim 2: Bob is a person. Therefore, Claim 3: Bob is mortal.) Coined by
3503:β a figure of speech that compares unlike things, implying a resemblance between them, for example, "He entered the combat in body like the strongest bull, in impetuosity like the fiercest lion." (
2397:β an innocuous, inoffensive or circumlocutory term or phrase for something unpleasant or obsceneβe.g., in advertising for female hygiene products any liquid shown is never red, it's usually blue.
2011:β a figure of speech consisting of the contrasting of two structurally parallel syntactic phrases arranged "cross-wise", i.e., in such a way that the second is in reverse order from the first.
1545:β canon #5 in Cicero's list of rhetorical canons; traditionally linked to oral rhetoric, referring to how a speech is given (including tone of voice and nonverbal gestures, among others).
3459:β rhetorical era in Rome that dealt primarily with rhetorical style through some of the Greek Sophists' concepts, while neglecting its political and social uses because of censorship.
3376:β the study and practice of good effective expression; also a type of discourse, focusing on goals of the speech or piece of writing that attempts to sway the mind of the audience.
2112:β analyzing communication artifacts by scrutinizing their meaning and related assumptions, with the goal of determining the social and systemic connotations behind their structure.
2544:β a figure of speech where adjacent or parallel words have similar endings inside a verse, a sentence. Authors often use it to evoke music or to give a rhythm to their phrase.
3670:β use of technical terms or jargon to try to win a point by confusing the opposition or by attempting to intimidate by suppressing admission of ignorance by the opposition.
1719:), "Since the time when from our state concord disappeared, liberty disappeared, good faith disappeared, friendship disappeared, the common weal disappeared." Also see:
3825:β a figure of speech in which one word applies to two others in different senses of that word, and in some cases only logically applies to one of the other two words.
1969:β a term often used to discuss significant literary works in a specific field, used by Cicero to outline five significant parts of the rhetorical composition process.
2606:β when a speaker asks aloud what his/her adversaries have to say for themselves or against the speaker, and then proceeds to answer the question. For example (from
3384:β analysis of the symbolic artifacts of discourseβthe words, phrases, images, gestures, performances, texts, films, etc. that people use to communicate; there are
3720:β the pattern of three phrases in parallel, found commonly in Western writing after Ciceroβfor example, the kitten had white fur, blue eyes, and a pink tongue.
1589:β the act and the means of extending thoughts or statements to increase rhetorical effect, to add importance, or to make the most of a thought or circumstance.
1555:β rebutting an argument by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making it rather than the substance of the argument itself.
1731:β the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, or grammatical structures; the second stage of the dialectic process.
3549:β the ability to appear that there is seemingly little effort used to attain success; the art of being able to show that one is able to deceive. (
2839:β "A saying drawn from life, which shows concisely either what happens or ought to happen in life, for example: 'Every beginning is difficult.'" (
2897:β a figure of speech that substitutes one word or phrase for another with which it is closely associated. For example, in UK, people speak of "
2812:β Study of the specific theological terms used, not to find the truth or falseness of the statement, but why that particular word was chosen. (
3264:β approach based on practical consideration and immediate perception to the exclusion of moral (in the sense of 'should') and ethic arguments.
3435:β rhetorical study of Christianity that was intellectually prominent in 11thβ15th-century Western Europe, emphasizing rhetorical concepts by
2921:β reasoning employed in rhetoric that determines a conclusion based on evidence; used in issues of ethics, religion, economics, and politics.
2170:β the stage of planning the structure and sequence of ideas; often referred to as arrangement, the second of Cicero's five rhetorical canons.
1147:
3757:, in which something is represented as less than it really is, with the intent of drawing attention to and emphasizing the opposite meaning.
3320:β the delivery of an oration or an argument in a manner befitting the subject matter and style, while maintaining control of voice and body.
1908:β use of a non-standard word, expression or pronunciation in a language, particularly one prescriptively regarded as an error in morphology.
1565:β a phrase carrying two meanings: an obvious meaning and a second, more subtle and ingenious one (more commonly known as double entendre).
3972:
968:
1779:β an abrupt stop in the middle of a sentence; used by a speaker to convey unwillingness or inability to complete a thought or statement.
888:
17:
3894:
1058:
3808:β a theoretical framework describing how visual images, typography, and texts communicate, as opposed to aural or verbal messages.
2699:β described by Cicero as the process of determining "valid or seemingly valid arguments," the first of his five rhetorical canons.
2857:
figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is.
3495:β applying a general truth to a situation by quoting a maxim or other wise saying as a conclusion or summary of that situation.
3104:β an explanatory or qualifying word, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage that is not essential to the literal meaning.
1979:β any literary or oral device that seeks to secure the goodwill of the recipient or hearer, as in a letter or in a discussion.
2592:β a figure of speech where emphasis is achieved through exaggeration, independently or through comparison; for example (from
1261:
1787:β a figure of speech consisting of a sudden turn in a text towards an exclamatory address to an imaginary person or a thing.
1689:β two ideas about the same topic that can be worked out to a logical conclusion, but the conclusions contradict each other.
3062:
when a rhetor introduces a subject by denying it should be discussed. To speak of someone or something by claiming not to.
2085:
1859:β real, imagined, invoked, or ignored, this concept is at the very center of the intersections of composing and rhetoric.
3539:β the deliberate or involuntary switching of sounds or morphemes between two words of a phrase, rendering a new meaning.
1675:β repetition of two words or short phrases, but in reversed order to establish a contrast. It is a specialized form of
1334:
2786:β stating a positive by negating the negative; a form of understatement as in "I am not unaware of your difficulties."
2381:β the act of putting oneself into the character of another to convey that person's feelings and thoughts more vividly.
49:
3690:β separating the parts of a compound word by a different word (or words) to create emphasis or other similar effects.
3427:β intellectual assembly in an aristocratic setting; primarily associated with France in the 17th and 18th centuries.
687:
513:
3300:β a series of preliminary rhetorical exercises that began in ancient Greece and continued during the Roman Empire.
3965:
3248:β the repeated use of conjunctions within a sentence, particularly where they do not necessarily have to be used.
3142:β the substitution of many or several words where one would suffice; usually to avoid using that particular word.
1989:β the inexact use of a similar word in place of the proper one to create an unlikely metaphor; for example (from
1177:
1142:
4351:
3356:
2867:β described by Cicero as the "firm mental grasp of matter and words," the fourth of his five rhetorical canons.
2301:β a figure of speech in which the same word or phrase appears both at the beginning and at the end of a clause.
1904:
3793:
2981:β words that imitate the sounds, objects, or actions they refer to, for example "buzz", "hullabaloo", "bling".
4341:
4182:
1783:
1231:
3571:β humanistic studies deemed indispensable in Renaissance-era education; rhetoric, poetics, ethics, politics.
2065:β a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.
1797:β virtue, excellence of character, qualities that would be inherent in a "natural leader", a component of
1942:
1068:
3621:β a rhetorical device where one part of an object is used to represent the wholeβe.g., "There are fifty
2499:β a style of rhetoric, notable for its use of figurative language and for its ability to evoke emotion.
4229:
3958:
3172:β a fiery, damning speech, delivered to condemn a particular political actor; the term is derived from
2848:
2261:
1880:
1599:β a speaker asks his or her audience or opponents for their opinion or answer to the point in question.
3096:β using juxtaposition of short, simple sentences to connect ideas, as opposed to explicit conjunction.
3844:
3523:β considered the first professional teachers of oratory and rhetoric (ancient Greece 4th century BC).
2041:
978:
110:
1535:β the emphasis or summary of previously made points or inferences by excessive praise or accusation.
3682:
to explain the way in which the world is viewed when taking languages and words into consideration.
3290:β in argumentation, the speaker answers the opponent's possible objections before they can be made.
2584:
in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect.
1585:
1132:
380:
2675:β the practice of emulating, adapting, reworking and enriching a source text by an earlier author.
2491:β the fear of public speaking, commonly referred to as speech anxiety in non-psychiatric contexts.
2333:β a term used as a descriptive and qualifying substitute for the name of a person, place or thing.
2325:β a succession of clauses, phrases or sentences that all end with the same word or group of words.
2160:, among others; generally, it means using verbal communication to come to an agreement on a topic.
1965:
918:
271:
100:
4047:
2552:β the application of the general principles of rhetoric to the specific art of public preaching.
2089:β the contextual circumstances that do not allow an issue to be settled with complete certainty.
2057:β a rhetorical figure consisting of a clause that is grammatically, but not logically, complete.
4109:
3550:
3256:β a field of inquiry concerned with the ideological underpinnings of commonly held assumptions.
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3066:
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1974:
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1038:
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2731:β a deliberate contrast between indirect and direct meaning to draw attention to the opposite.
3561:β an argument that is a logical fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position.
2703:
2228:β a term with negative associations for something in reality fairly innocuous or inoffensive.
1848:
1814:
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1206:
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3603:β a figure of speech in which several successive clauses have the same first and last words.
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4139:
3898:
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3467:β philosophical study of language that deals with its connection to perceptions of reality.
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1112:
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898:
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3712:
that identifies such components as backing, claim, data, qualifier, rebuttal, and warrant.
3345:β the major subjects taught in medieval times: geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music.
2265:β the suppression of ancillary words to render an expression more lively or more forceful.
8:
4305:
4054:
4007:
3734:
3725:
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2808:
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2412:
2389:β a speech or writing in praise of a person, especially one who recently died or retired.
2130:
2097:β the circumstances surrounding an issue that should be considered during its discussion.
1928:β written works considered to be of high quality because they are pleasing to the senses.
1622:
1577:
1211:
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2946:β story telling, involving the elements of time, place, actor, action, cause and manner.
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3385:
3280:β a series of compared alternatives which serve as foils to the true subject of a poem.
3225:
2463:
2217:
2216:, according to which the world is a stage where all the people present are actors; the
1829:β the art of writing letters, introduced and taught during the Medieval rhetorical era.
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3132:β the emotional appeal to an audience in an argument; one of Aristotle's three proofs.
2134:β moving from an overall hypothesis to infer something specific about that hypothesis.
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4099:
4042:
3989:
3527:
3448:
3423:
3177:
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2685:β educational and rhetorical principles as described and prescribed in a treatise by
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2635:
2524:β the theoretical underpinnings of interpreting texts, usually religious or literary.
2472:
2450:
2246:
2077:
2069:
1657:, consisting of the repeated use of the same word, each time with different meanings.
1581:β a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure.
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2275:β the stage of elaborating the wording of a text, using correct grammar and diction.
1946:β theory of argument giving the obligation of proving a case to the asserting party.
802:
3981:
3784:
3580:
3475:β branch of semantics concerning language and communication as a system of symbols.
3455:
3030:β argument created by a list of examples that leads to a probable generalized idea.
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1291:
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3070:β the correspondence, in sense or construction, of successive clauses or passages.
1893:β the point where scientific reasoning starts; principles that are not questioned.
68:
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2877:β the repetition of a word or group of words in the middle of successive clauses.
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3531:β the act of competing to infuse meaning into agenda items for chosen audiences.
3447:β applying scientific assumptions to subjects that are not completely natural. (
3368:β a person who is in the course of presenting or preparing rhetorical discourse.
3749:
3695:
3083:
2835:
2626:
2534:β the use of a variety of voices or styles within one literary work or context.
2371:β a rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility.
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1755:, mentioning something by saying that you will not mention it; the opposite of
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that reverses the syntactic relation of two words (as in "her beauty's face").
2446:β the improvising of effective oral or written language to suit any situation.
2361:β rhetorical question; a question is asked to which an answer is not expected.
1617:β the use of a similar or parallel case or example to reason or argue a point.
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2309:β ceremonial rhetoric, such as might be found in a funeral or victory speech.
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3730:β grammar, rhetoric, and logic taught in schools during the medieval period.
2021:β an anecdote (a deed, a saying, a situation) involving a well-known figure.
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2516:β using two nouns linked by a conjunction to express a single complex idea.
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2257:β fluent, elegant, persuasive, and forceful speech, persuading an audience.
2220: centers around five concepts: act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose.
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1627:β a succession of sentences beginning with the same word or group of words.
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2317:β philosophical study directed at understanding how people gain knowledge.
1665:β a bathetic collapse from an elevated subject to a mundane or vulgar one.
1573:β the use of a series of two or more words beginning with the same letter.
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2351:β communicating with the aim of winning the argument regardless of truth.
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1751:β pretending to deny something as a means of implicitly affirming it; as
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3396:β a question asked to make a point instead of to elicit a direct answer.
3020:β a formal public speech, delivered in high praise of a person or thing.
2951:
2931:β to persuade; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.
2245:β a sentence consisting of a single word or short phrase ending with an
1769:β a declaration of doubt, made for rhetorical purpose and often feigned.
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2144:β to delight; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.
2037:β a revival in the interest of classical antiquity languages and texts.
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3048:β an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition.
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3738:β a figure of speech that uses a word aside from its literal meaning.
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2190:β to teach; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.
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1918:β an emotional appeal that inadvertently evokes laughter or ridicule.
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1809:β discourse characterized by reasons advanced to support conclusions.
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1885:β to place words or phrases in a certain order for climactic effect.
1609:β repeating the last word of one clause or phrase to begin the next.
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3240:β the capacity of a word or phrase to render more than one meaning.
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property" meaning property belonging to the State. Similarly: "The
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2045:β an arrangement of phrases or topics in increasing order, as with
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1715:β repeating the last word in successive phrases, for example (from
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88:
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2739:β a string of phrases of corresponding structure and equal length.
2560:β a statement that purports to be modest while delivering a boast.
2122:β the appropriateness of style to subject, often divided into the
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3595:β a visual or metaphorical representation of an idea or concept.
2001:β an attribute that allows a speaker's words to become powerful.
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4134:
3895:"Figurative Language and Rhetorical Devices [Overview]"
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3088:β a sentence in which the latter half takes an unexpected turn.
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2966:β a statement bearing no relationship to the preceding context.
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2750:
2615:
2385:
2283:β the switching of grammatical forms for an expressive purpose.
2185:
2016:
1993:), "The power of man is short" or "the long wisdom in the man".
1954:β a word or phrase used to impress, or one that is fashionable.
1913:
1764:
1643:β a brief narrative describing an interesting or amusing event.
1251:
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3773:β statement that could contain meaning about one's own person.
3176:'s speeches in 351 BC denouncing the imperialist ambitions of
3005:β opposed or markedly contradictory terms joined for emphasis.
2997:β a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.
2596:), "His body was as white as snow, his face burned like fire."
2198:β a common belief or popular opinion, usually contrasted with
4241:
3640:
2799:
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2432:
2366:
1889:
1540:
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812:
367:
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2989:β first part of discourse; should gain audiences' attention.
2831:β false notion concerning the subject matter of an argument.
2407:β the citation of an example, either truthful or fictitious.
2712:
2194:
1216:
3214:β the use of more words than necessary to express an idea.
4293:
3117:
2073:β arguments and approaches useful in rhetorical settings.
1654:
2655:β a way of understanding one's external surroundings.
3629:!" (naval command to get out of bed = show yourself)
3122:β a pun, a play on words, often for humorous effect.
3164:β in a letter, an announcement, demand, or request.
2754:β highly technical language used by specific group.
1741:β the substitution of an epithet for a proper name.
3892:
3788:β apprehension over the structure of an argument.
3515:β ignorantly misusing tenses, cases, and genders.
2804:β rhetorical appeals based on logic or reasoning.
2794:β misconceptions resulting from faulty reasoning.
2468:β repetition of two etymologically related terms.
2343:β emphasizing an idea by repeating a single word.
4333:
3912:
2956:β speech that is deliberately subtle or obscure.
3708:β a method of diagramming arguments created by
3202:β the elements to induce true judgment through
1355:, English rhetorical theory frequently employs
2152:β a term that has been defined differently by
3966:
3328:β the potential to persuade through language.
1328:
3931:
3753:β a form of irony, sometimes in the form of
3652:β the same idea repeated in different words.
3644:β a learned admiration for things of beauty.
3272:β delivering criticism together with praise.
3078:β repetition of similar sentence structures.
2620:β great or worthy writing, sometimes called
1819:β settling a question by appealing to force.
3112:β comic imitation of something or somebody.
3040:β redescription, usually in a better light.
969:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
3973:
3959:
3765:β an audience consisting of all humankind.
1335:
1321:
3938:The Forest of Rhetoric / silva rhetoricae
3613:β word order confusion within a sentence.
2029:β use of many words where a few would do.
1837:β words that repeat the same vowel sound.
3798:β the good man skilled at speaking well.
2771:β "timing" or "the right circumstances".
1059:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
3485:β a society's basic beliefs and values.
3360:β the repeating of a word for emphasis.
3310:β speaking as another person or object.
14:
4334:
3842:
3700:β a line or specific type of argument.
2458:and its critique of social structures.
2126:, the middle style, and the low style.
1635:β inversion of the natural word order.
3980:
3954:
3913:Robert A. Harris (January 19, 2013).
3206:, hence to give proof of a statement.
1262:Rhetoric of social intervention model
2454:β rhetorical theory concerned with
24:
3934:"Recommended Readings in Rhetoric"
3915:"A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices"
3180:, which later came to be known as
2665:β a conclusion that is irrelevant.
25:
4363:
3886:
3877:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
3439:and a search for universal truth.
3192:β practical wisdom; common sense.
2417:β the introductory portion of an
1653:β a figure of speech involving a
48:
1373:
3862:
3843:Zimmer, John (28 March 2012).
3836:
3224:β the repetition of a word or
13:
1:
3845:"Rhetorical Devices: Erotema"
3829:
1847:β the deliberate omission of
1232:List of feminist rhetoricians
2436:β a short allegorical story.
1851:that would normally be used.
1372:
1222:Glossary of rhetorical terms
7:
2913:β statement in an argument.
1707:is substituted for another.
1069:Language as Symbolic Action
10:
4368:
2476:β speaking in a courtroom.
2180:β contradictory arguments.
1867:β the use of Latinate and
18:Glossary of rhetoric terms
4148:
3988:
3875:Oxford English Dictionary
3794:Vir bonus dicendi peritus
3404:β a term made popular by
3232:within the same sentence.
979:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
3893:Dr. Debora B. Schwartz.
3388:of rhetorical criticism.
2905:had no comment to make."
2723:and his theory of humor.
2212:β a theory developed by
2081:β substance commonality.
1380:
3625:of cattle." or "Show a
1347:Owing to its origin in
919:De Sophisticis Elenchis
3551:Baldessare Castiglione
3505:Rhetorica ad Herennium
3228:in different cases or
3152:Rhetorica ad Herennium
2887:Rhetorica ad Herennium
2841:Rhetorica ad Herennium
2717:β humor; see Cicero's
2624:; Longinus's theme in
2608:Rhetorica ad Herennium
2594:Rhetorica ad Herennium
1991:Rhetorica ad Herennium
1975:Captatio benevolentiae
1717:Rhetorica ad Herennium
1676:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1039:De doctrina Christiana
1029:Dialogus de oratoribus
949:Rhetorica ad Herennium
175:Captatio benevolentiae
4352:Rhetorical techniques
2704:Invitational rhetoric
1938:β concise expression.
1815:Argumentum ad baculum
1207:Communication studies
1049:De vulgari eloquentia
909:Rhetoric to Alexander
4342:Knowledge glossaries
3812:
3777:
3742:
3633:
3416:
3401:Rhetorical situation
3386:many different forms
3381:Rhetorical criticism
3349:
3332:
3009:
2970:
2935:
2820:
2775:
2758:
2743:
2644:
2503:
2480:
2425:
2232:
2101:
1958:
1897:
1871:terms to "heighten"
1522:
4306:Rhetorical question
3678:β a term coined by
3675:Terministic screens
3393:Rhetorical question
2681:Institutio Oratoria
1374:Contents:
1212:Composition studies
1143:Health and medicine
1009:Institutio Oratoria
216:Eloquentia perfecta
3932:Gideon O. Burton.
3849:Manner Of Speaking
3762:Universal audience
3567:Studia humanitatis
2464:Figura etymologica
2218:dramatistic pentad
2047:good, better, best
1297:Terministic screen
1079:A General Rhetoric
609:Resignation speech
146:Studia humanitatis
128:Byzantine rhetoric
4329:
4328:
4100:Hysteron proteron
3982:Figures of speech
3449:Richard M. Weaver
3178:Philip of Macedon
2986:Opening statement
2661:Ignoratio elenchi
2636:Hysteron proteron
2473:Forensic rhetoric
2451:Feminist rhetoric
2247:exclamation point
2078:Consubstantiality
1345:
1344:
1272:Rogerian argument
1019:Panegyrici Latini
111:The age of Cicero
16:(Redirected from
4359:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3897:. Archived from
3880:
3878:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3456:Second Sophistic
2828:Material fallacy
2582:figure of speech
1705:grammatical case
1375:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1237:List of speeches
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
894:
884:
688:Neo-Aristotelian
255:Figure of speech
116:Second Sophistic
52:
29:
28:
21:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4279:Personification
4144:
3984:
3979:
3942:
3940:
3923:
3921:
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3902:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3815:
3805:Visual rhetoric
3780:
3745:
3710:Stephen Toulmin
3636:
3481:Sensus communis
3419:
3352:
3335:
3269:Praise sandwich
3147:Personification
3075:Parallel syntax
3012:
2973:
2938:
2918:Moral reasoning
2823:
2791:Logical fallacy
2778:
2761:
2746:
2647:
2570:literary device
2506:
2483:
2428:
2235:
2104:
1961:
1943:Burden of proof
1900:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1376:
1341:
1312:
1311:
1257:Public rhetoric
1195:
1194:
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1133:Native American
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514:Funeral oration
504:Farewell speech
461:Socratic method
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3887:External links
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3750:Understatement
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3182:The Philippics
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3084:Paraprosdokian
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2627:On the Sublime
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2205:
2204:('knowledge').
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2109:Deconstruction
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2026:Circumlocution
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1924:Belles lettres
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1371:
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1349:ancient Greece
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1201:Ars dictaminis
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999:On the Sublime
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548:Lightning talk
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4289:Procatalepsis
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4085:Homeoteleuton
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3969:
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3957:
3956:
3953:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3901:on 2015-03-08
3900:
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3707:
3706:
3705:Toulmin model
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:Kenneth Burke
3677:
3676:
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3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:β a true art.
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3432:Scholasticism
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3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3296:Progymnasmata
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:Procatalepsis
3282:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
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3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:Postmodernism
3250:
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3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:Minor premise
2907:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2815:
2814:Kenneth Burke
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2540:Homeoteleuton
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:Heteroglossia
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:Kenneth Burke
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:Common topics
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:Colloquialism
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1703:in which one
1702:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:Amplification
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Toulmin model
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Talking point
1285:
1283:
1282:Speechwriting
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:Argumentation
1101:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
986:
981:
980:
976:
971:
970:
966:
961:
960:
956:
951:
950:
946:
941:
940:
939:De Inventione
936:
931:
930:
926:
921:
920:
916:
911:
910:
906:
901:
900:
896:
891:
890:
886:
881:
880:
876:
875:
867:
866:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
697:
696:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
652:
649:
648:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
628:
627:
620:
619:War-mongering
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
591:
588:
587:
586:
585:Progymnasmata
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
553:Maiden speech
551:
549:
546:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
532:
529:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:
490:
488:
487:
483:
482:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:
466:
462:
459:
458:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
440:
439:
435:
434:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
411:
410:
403:
402:
398:
396:
395:
391:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
370:
369:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:
351:
350:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:
324:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
308:
307:
303:
301:
300:
296:
294:
293:
289:
287:
286:
282:
280:
279:
275:
274:
273:
270:
266:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
238:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
200:
196:
194:
193:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:
172:
171:
163:
162:
155:
154:Modern period
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
138:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
102:
101:Ancient India
99:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
84:Attic orators
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
62:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4299:Antanaclasis
4203:Epanorthosis
4120:Polysyndeton
4013:Antimetabole
3998:Alliteration
3941:. Retrieved
3937:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3903:. Retrieved
3899:the original
3874:
3870:
3864:
3854:30 September
3852:. Retrieved
3848:
3838:
3819:
3818:
3803:
3792:
3791:
3783:
3768:
3760:
3748:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3685:
3673:
3667:Technobabble
3665:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3579:β a type of
3574:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3543:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3442:
3430:
3422:
3410:Richard Vatz
3406:Lloyd Bitzer
3399:
3391:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3339:
3338:
3323:
3316:Pronuntiatio
3314:
3313:
3306:Prosopopoeia
3304:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3245:Polysyndeton
3243:
3235:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3065:
3058:β a form of
3052:
3051:
3043:
3036:Paradiastole
3034:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2978:Onomatopoeia
2976:
2962:Non sequitur
2960:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2925:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2873:Mesodiplosis
2871:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2826:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2749:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2521:Hermeneutics
2519:
2510:
2509:
2494:
2488:Glossophobia
2486:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2411:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2314:Epistemology
2312:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2223:
2207:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2176:Dissoi logoi
2174:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2158:Petrus Ramus
2147:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1869:polysyllabic
1862:
1854:
1849:conjunctions
1841:
1840:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1716:
1710:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1671:Antimetabole
1669:
1668:
1660:
1649:Antanaclasis
1647:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1570:Alliteration
1568:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1515:
1365:terms of art
1346:
1227:Glossophobia
1221:
1199:
1118:Constitutive
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
887:
877:
701:Rhetoricians
614:Stump speech
531:Invitational
484:
469:Dissoi logoi
467:
446:Deliberative
438:Controversia
436:
399:
392:
366:
359:
352:
325:
318:
306:Pronuntiatio
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
235:
223:
214:
197:
190:
173:
144:
106:Ancient Rome
26:
4188:Catachresis
4173:Antonomasia
4168:Antiphrasis
4110:Parallelism
4060:Epanalepsis
4023:Aposiopesis
4003:Anadiplosis
3919:VirtualSalt
3869:"oxymoron,
3545:Sprezzatura
3230:inflections
3174:Demosthenes
3138:Periphrasis
3118:Paronomasia
3101:Parenthesis
3067:Parallelism
2903:White House
2855:euphemistic
2687:Quintillian
2496:Grand style
2297:Epanalepsis
2124:grand style
2086:Contingency
1985:Catachresis
1775:Aposiopesis
1737:Antonomasia
1712:Antistrophe
1605:Anadiplosis
1595:Anacoenosis
1531:Accumulatio
1307:Wooden iron
1267:Rhetrickery
1242:Oral skills
1178:Composition
1113:Contrastive
933:(c. 350 BC)
923:(c. 350 BC)
913:(c. 350 BC)
903:(c. 350 BC)
893:(c. 370 BC)
753:Demosthenes
733:Brueggemann
668:Ideological
519:Homileticsβ
432:Declamation
422:Apologetics
272:Five canons
140:Renaissance
123:Middle Ages
4336:Categories
4316:Synecdoche
4220:Dysphemism
4193:Ecphonesis
4183:Apostrophe
4125:Spoonerism
4115:Polyptoton
4095:Hyperbaton
4070:Epistrophe
4055:Consonance
4018:Antithesis
3943:2015-03-11
3924:2015-03-11
3905:2015-03-11
3830:References
3618:Synecdoche
3536:Spoonerism
3357:Repetition
3341:Quadrivium
3325:Protreptic
3261:Pragmatism
3220:Polyptoton
3204:enthymemes
3054:Paralipsis
3026:Paradeigma
2720:De Oratore
2577:Hyperbaton
2557:Humblebrag
2549:Homiletics
2322:Epistrophe
2306:Epideictic
2241:Ecphonesis
2225:Dysphemism
2166:Dispositio
2034:Classicism
1784:Apostrophe
1753:paralipsis
1728:Antithesis
1699:β type of
1695:Antiptosis
1662:Anticlimax
1632:Anastrophe
1551:Ad hominem
1163:Technology
1153:Procedural
973:(c. 50 BC)
959:De Oratore
823:Quintilian
818:Protagoras
673:Metaphoric
597:Propaganda
480:Epideictic
394:Sotto voce
348:Persuasion
343:Operations
285:Dispositio
181:Chironomia
4321:Tautology
4247:Apophasis
4225:Euphemism
4208:Hyperbole
4198:Ekphrasis
4090:Hypallage
4080:Hendiadys
4075:Epizeuxis
4065:Epiphrase
4033:Asyndeton
4028:Assonance
3770:Utterance
3649:Tautology
3609:Synchysis
3585:Aristotle
3576:Syllogism
3558:Straw man
3491:Sententia
3472:Semiotics
3464:Semantics
3444:Scientism
3437:Aristotle
3189:Phronesis
3169:Philippic
3093:Parataxis
3060:apophasis
3017:Panegyric
2943:Narration
2602:Hypophora
2589:Hyperbole
2565:Hypallage
2512:Hendiadys
2442:Facilitas
2394:Euphemism
2377:Ethopoeia
2339:Epizeuxis
2288:Enthymeme
2254:Eloquence
2209:Dramatism
2154:Aristotle
2149:Dialectic
2140:Delectare
2131:Deduction
1905:Barbarism
1864:Aureation
1843:Asyndeton
1834:Assonance
1757:occupatio
1747:Apophasis
1578:Amphiboly
1561:Adianoeta
1363:words as
1277:Seduction
1108:Cognitive
1096:Subfields
1023:(100β400)
778:Isocrates
718:Augustine
708:Aristotle
683:Narrative
633:Criticism
578:Philippic
492:Panegyric
475:Elocution
456:Dialectic
376:Situation
237:Facilitas
231:Enthymeme
210:Eloquence
192:Delectare
4347:Rhetoric
4284:Pleonasm
4274:Oxymoron
4269:Metonymy
4264:Metaphor
4237:Innuendo
4213:Adynaton
4178:Aphorism
4163:Allusion
4158:Allegory
4130:Symploce
4105:Isocolon
4038:Chiasmus
4008:Anaphora
3785:Validity
3717:Tricolon
3600:Symploce
3520:Sophists
3512:Solecism
3373:Rhetoric
3237:Polysemy
3211:Pleonasm
3002:Oxymoron
2894:Metonymy
2882:Metaphor
2809:Logology
2736:Isocolon
2695:Inventio
2671:Imitatio
2652:Ideology
2456:feminism
2413:Exordium
2403:Exemplum
2280:Enallage
2271:Elocutio
2201:episteme
2007:Chiasmus
1998:Charisma
1951:Buzzword
1934:Brevitas
1856:Audience
1806:Argument
1721:epiphora
1701:enallage
1685:Antinomy
1677:chiasmus
1640:Anecdote
1623:Anaphora
1148:Pedagogy
1128:Feminist
899:Rhetoric
889:Phaedrus
883:(380 BC)
833:Richards
803:Perelman
651:Pentadic
646:Dramatic
590:Suasoria
568:Diatribe
509:Forensic
486:Encomium
451:Demagogy
320:Imitatio
292:Elocutio
278:Inventio
248:Informal
167:Concepts
94:Sophists
89:Calliope
79:Atticism
74:Asianism
42:Rhetoric
34:a series
32:Part of
4259:Litotes
4252:Sarcasm
4230:Meiosis
3990:Schemes
3755:litotes
3726:Trivium
3277:Priamel
3160:Petitio
3045:Paradox
2863:Memoria
2849:Meiosis
2783:Litotes
2622:sublime
2419:oration
2357:Erotema
2348:Eristic
2330:Epithet
2262:Ellipse
2118:Decorum
2094:Context
1881:Auxesis
1873:diction
1614:Analogy
1193:Related
1168:Therapy
1158:Science
1123:Digital
1003:(c. 50)
993:(46 BC)
983:(46 BC)
963:(55 BC)
953:(80 BC)
943:(84 BC)
879:Gorgias
848:Toulmin
843:Tacitus
793:McLuhan
768:Gorgias
763:Erasmus
758:Derrida
723:Bakhtin
713:Aspasia
678:Mimesis
641:Cluster
573:Eristic
563:Polemic
558:Oratory
536:Lecture
299:Memoria
243:Fallacy
186:Decorum
133:Trivium
61:History
4311:Simile
4150:Tropes
4140:Zeugma
4135:Tmesis
4043:Climax
3821:Zeugma
3735:Tropes
3687:Tmesis
3658:Techne
3592:Symbol
3500:Simile
3365:Rhetor
3198:Pistis
3128:Pathos
3109:Parody
2994:Orator
2927:Movere
2767:Kairos
2751:Jargon
2616:Hypsos
2386:Eulogy
2186:Docere
2042:Climax
2017:Chreia
1914:Bathos
1890:Axioms
1765:Aporia
1252:Pistis
1247:Orator
1173:Visual
1083:(1970)
1073:(1966)
1063:(1521)
1053:(1305)
989:Orator
929:Topics
858:Weaver
788:Lysias
783:Lucian
773:Hobbes
748:de Man
743:Cicero
541:Public
524:Sermon
499:Eulogy
427:Debate
415:Genres
361:Pathos
327:Kairos
314:Hypsos
260:Scheme
225:Eunoia
205:Device
199:Docere
4242:Irony
3696:Topos
3641:Taste
3581:valid
3424:Salon
2952:Noema
2899:Crown
2836:Maxim
2800:Logos
2728:Irony
2433:Fable
2367:Ethos
2054:Colon
1966:Canon
1799:ethos
1793:Arete
1541:Actio
1361:Latin
1357:Greek
1043:(426)
1033:(102)
871:Works
838:Smith
828:Ramus
813:Plato
808:Pizan
738:Burke
728:Booth
663:Genre
658:Frame
401:Topos
386:Grand
381:Style
368:Logos
354:Ethos
338:Modes
265:Trope
4048:Anti
3856:2014
3623:head
3528:Spin
3226:root
2853:β a
2713:Ioci
2580:β a
2568:β a
2195:Doxa
2156:and
1359:and
1353:Rome
1351:and
1217:Doxa
1013:(95)
853:Vico
602:Spin
4294:Pun
3873:",
3627:leg
1655:pun
1381:Top
1292:TED
1138:New
798:Ong
4338::
3936:.
3917:.
3871:n.
3847:.
36:on
3974:e
3967:t
3960:v
3946:.
3927:.
3908:.
3879:.
3858:.
3813:Z
3778:V
3743:U
3634:T
3587:.
3553:)
3507:)
3451:)
3417:S
3350:R
3333:Q
3184:.
3154:)
3010:P
2971:O
2936:N
2889:)
2843:)
2821:M
2816:)
2776:L
2759:K
2744:J
2689:.
2645:I
2630:.
2504:H
2481:G
2426:F
2421:.
2249:.
2233:E
2102:D
2049:.
1959:C
1898:B
1875:.
1801:.
1759:.
1723:.
1679:.
1523:A
1511:Z
1506:Y
1501:X
1496:W
1491:V
1486:U
1481:T
1476:S
1471:R
1466:Q
1461:P
1456:O
1451:N
1446:M
1441:L
1436:K
1431:J
1426:I
1421:H
1416:G
1411:F
1406:E
1401:D
1396:C
1391:B
1386:A
1336:e
1329:t
1322:v
20:)
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