85:
97:
193:), and DNA can sustain substantial glycation over time. Damage by glycation results in stiffening of the collagen in the blood vessel walls, leading to high blood pressure, especially in diabetes. Glycations also cause weakening of the collagen in the blood vessel walls, which may lead to micro- or macro-aneurysm; this may cause strokes if in the brain.
876:
Richarme G, Liu C, Mihoub M, Abdallah J, Leger T, Joly N, Liebart JC, Jurkunas UV, Nadal M, Bouloc P, Dairou J, Lamouri A. Guanine glycation repair by DJ-1/Park7 and its bacterial homologs. Science. 2017 Jul 14;357(6347):208-211. doi: 10.1126/science.aag1095. Epub 2017 Jun 8. PMID
560:
Yan, S. F.; D'Agati, V.; Schmidt, A. M.; Ramasamy, R. (2007). "Receptor for
Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE): a formidable force in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes & aging".
631:
Bellier, Justine; Nokin, Marie-Julie; Lardé, Eva; Karoyan, Philippe; Peulen, Olivier; Castronovo, Vincent; Bellahcène, Akeila (2019). "Methylglyoxal, a Potent
Inducer of AGEs, Connects between Diabetes and Cancer".
225:
in DNA is the base most susceptible to glycation. Glycated DNA, as a form of damage, appears to be as frequent as the more well studied oxidative DNA damage. A protein, designated DJ-1 (also known as
745:
Munch, G; Deuther-Conrad W; Gasic-Milenkovic J. (2002). "Glycoxidative stress creates a vicious cycle of neurodegeneration in
Alzheimer's disease--a target for neuroprotective treatment strategies?".
596:
Yaylayan, Varoujan A.; Huyghues-Despointes, Alexis (1994). "Chemistry of
Amadori Rearrangement Products: Analysis, Synthesis, Kinetics, Reactions, and Spectroscopic Properties".
710:
Münch, Gerald; et al. (27 February 1997). "Influence of advanced glycation end-products and AGE-inhibitors on nucleation-dependent polymerization of β-amyloid peptide".
72:
is the enzyme-mediated ATP-dependent attachment of sugars to protein or lipid. Glycosylation occurs at defined sites on the target molecule. It is a common form of
61:
and is implicated in some diseases and in aging. Glycation end products are believed to play a causative role in the vascular complications of
131:. It appears that fructose has approximately ten times the glycation activity of glucose, the primary body fuel. Glycation can occur through
464:"Advanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors predict cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling women"
825:"Advanced glycation end-product cross-linking inhibits biomechanical plasticity and characteristic failure morphology of native tendon"
57:, and their derivatives. Glycation is the non-enzymatic process responsible for many (e.g. micro and macrovascular) complications in
902:
513:"Serum carboxymethyl-lysine, an advanced glycation end product, is associated with increased aortic pulse wave velocity in adults"
230:), is employed in the repair of glycated DNA bases in humans, and homologs of this protein have also been identified in bacteria.
406:
462:
Semba, R. D.; Ferrucci, L.; Sun, K.; Beck, J.; Dalal, M.; Varadhan, R.; Walston, J.; Guralnik, J. M.; Fried, L. P. (2009).
111:
OH) are typical glycation products. They arise by the condensation of 3-deoxyglucosone with the guanidine group of an
202:
675:
McPherson JD, Shilton BH, Walton DJ (March 1988). "Role of fructose in glycation and cross-linking of proteins".
73:
239:
144:
780:
Soldatos, G.; Cooper ME (Dec 2006). "Advanced glycation end products and vascular structure and function".
427:
Glenn, J.; Stitt, A. (2009). "The role of advanced glycation end products in retinal ageing and disease".
907:
386:
163:—the predominant form of glycated hemoglobin—enables medium-term blood sugar control to be monitored in
892:
322:
Vlassara H (June 2005). "Advanced glycation in health and disease: role of the modern environment".
181:
Long-lived cells (such as nerves and different types of brain cell), long-lasting proteins (such as
274:
119:
Glycations occur mainly in the bloodstream to a small proportion of the absorbed simple sugars:
897:
175:
171:
155:
Red blood cells have a consistent lifespan of 120 days and are accessible for measurement of
89:
213:) that are present in cells as by-products of sugar metabolism. Glycation of DNA can cause
331:
8:
269:
156:
335:
849:
824:
805:
657:
537:
512:
488:
463:
398:
355:
170:
Some glycation products are implicated in many age-related chronic diseases, including
723:
854:
797:
762:
727:
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649:
613:
578:
542:
493:
444:
402:
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310:
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62:
58:
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836:
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719:
684:
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206:
69:
34:
20:
343:
858:
801:
766:
653:
582:
546:
497:
448:
351:
218:
178:(amyloid proteins are side-products of the reactions progressing to AGEs).
46:
731:
696:
617:
314:
84:
528:
136:
100:
744:
688:
479:
244:
182:
76:
of proteins and is required for the functioning of the mature protein.
96:
254:
128:
289:"Failure of common glycation assays to detect glycation by fructose"
249:
214:
164:
124:
112:
54:
511:
Semba, R.; Najjar, S.; Sun, K.; Lakatta, E.; Ferrucci, L. (2009).
259:
222:
210:
120:
50:
38:
712:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
190:
559:
227:
160:
42:
174:(the endothelium, fibrinogen, and collagen are damaged) and
49:
molecule. Typical sugars that participate in glycation are
630:
674:
429:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
510:
391:
Encyclopedia of
Biological Chemistry (Second Edition)
461:
822:
389:, in Lennarz, William J.; Lane, M. Daniel (eds.),
779:
884:
872:
870:
868:
823:Lee, J. Michael; Samuel P. Veres (2019-04-02).
598:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
393:, Waltham: Academic Press, pp. 405–411,
865:
92:(in HbA1c, R is typically N-terminal valine)
205:induced by reactive carbonyls (principally
16:Attachment of a sugar to a protein or lipid
426:
384:
324:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
321:
286:
150:
848:
536:
487:
304:
468:Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
95:
83:
634:Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
885:
385:Lima, M.; Baynes, J. W. (2013-01-01),
709:
280:
380:
378:
376:
624:
13:
399:10.1016/b978-0-12-378630-2.00120-1
201:The term DNA glycation applies to
14:
919:
373:
517:American Journal of Hypertension
196:
903:Post-translational modification
841:10.1152/japplphysiol.00430.2018
816:
773:
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287:Ahmed N, Furth AJ (July 1992).
145:advanced glycation end products
79:
74:post-translational modification
703:
668:
589:
553:
504:
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240:Advanced glycation end-product
1:
829:Journal of Applied Physiology
724:10.1016/S0925-4439(96)00062-2
646:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.002
367:
759:10.1007/978-3-7091-6139-5_28
441:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.04.016
68:In contrast with glycation,
7:
233:
37:attachment of a sugar to a
31:non-enzymatic glycosylation
10:
924:
575:10.2174/156652407783220732
563:Current Molecular Medicine
306:10.1093/clinchem/38.7.1301
18:
794:10.1007/s11906-006-0025-8
610:10.1080/10408399409527667
19:Not to be confused with
344:10.1196/annals.1333.051
275:List of aging processes
172:cardiovascular diseases
151:Biomedical implications
116:
93:
88:Glycation pathway via
747:J Neural Transm Suppl
137:Schiff base reactions
99:
90:Amadori rearrangement
87:
529:10.1038/ajh.2008.320
217:, breaks in DNA and
689:10.1021/bi00406a016
336:2005NYASA1043..452V
270:Glycated hemoglobin
176:Alzheimer's disease
157:glycated hemoglobin
908:Protein metabolism
782:Curr Hypertens Rep
480:10.1007/BF03325227
281:Additional reading
141:Maillard reactions
117:
94:
435:(10): 1109–1116.
408:978-0-12-378631-9
159:. Measurement of
133:Amadori reactions
63:diabetes mellitus
59:diabetes mellitus
915:
893:Ageing processes
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143:; which lead to
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753:(62): 303–307.
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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905:
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864:
835:(4): 832–841.
815:
788:(6): 472–478.
772:
737:
702:
667:
623:
588:
569:(8): 699–710.
552:
503:
474:(2): 182–190.
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107:CH(OH)CH(OH)CH
104:
81:
78:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
920:
909:
906:
904:
901:
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898:Carbohydrates
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748:
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683:(6): 1901–7.
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663:
659:
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651:
647:
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639:
635:
627:
619:
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611:
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604:(4): 321–69.
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341:
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333:
330:(1): 452–60.
329:
325:
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316:
312:
307:
302:
299:(7): 1301–3.
298:
294:
290:
285:
284:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Glycosylation
263:
261:
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246:
243:
241:
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237:
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207:methylglyoxal
204:
197:DNA glycation
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70:glycosylation
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36:
32:
28:
22:
21:Glycosylation
832:
828:
818:
785:
781:
775:
750:
746:
740:
718:(1): 17–29.
715:
711:
705:
680:
677:Biochemistry
676:
670:
637:
633:
626:
601:
597:
591:
566:
562:
555:
523:(1): 74–79.
520:
516:
506:
471:
467:
457:
432:
428:
422:
412:, retrieved
390:
327:
323:
296:
292:
219:cytotoxicity
200:
180:
169:
154:
118:
101:Imidazolones
80:Biochemistry
67:
47:nucleic acid
30:
26:
25:
640:: 200–211.
387:"Glycation"
183:crystallins
887:Categories
414:2020-12-16
368:References
293:Clin. Chem
245:Alagebrium
203:DNA damage
255:Galactose
129:galactose
33:) is the
27:Glycation
877:28596309
859:30653412
810:31239347
802:17087858
767:12456073
662:58631777
654:30664892
583:18331228
547:19023277
498:19448391
449:19409449
360:20952378
352:16037266
250:Fructose
234:See also
215:mutation
165:diabetes
147:(AGEs).
125:fructose
115:residue.
113:arginine
55:fructose
35:covalent
850:6485690
732:9061036
697:3132203
618:7945894
538:2637811
489:2684987
332:Bibcode
315:1623595
260:Glucose
223:Guanine
211:glyoxal
185:of the
121:glucose
103:(R = CH
51:glucose
39:protein
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847:
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800:
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191:cornea
139:, and
127:, and
806:S2CID
658:S2CID
356:S2CID
228:PARK7
161:HbA1c
43:lipid
855:PMID
798:PMID
763:PMID
728:PMID
716:1360
693:PMID
650:PMID
614:PMID
579:PMID
543:PMID
494:PMID
445:PMID
433:1790
403:ISBN
348:PMID
328:1043
311:PMID
209:and
189:and
187:lens
845:PMC
837:doi
833:126
790:doi
755:doi
720:doi
685:doi
642:doi
638:148
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533:PMC
525:doi
484:PMC
476:doi
437:doi
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340:doi
301:doi
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