476:. For amounts less than one, the quantity is written as a fraction, or for one half, ss (or variations such as ss., ṡṡ, or s̅s̅). Therefore, a prescription for tablets containing 325 mg of aspirin and 30 mg of codeine can be written "ASA gr. v c̄ cod. gr. ss tablets" (using the medical abbreviations ASA for acetylsalicylic acid , c̄ for "with", and cod. for codeine). The apothecaries' system has gradually been replaced by the metric system, and the use of the grain in prescriptions is now rare.
47:
395:
437:
698:
The division of the carat into four grains survives in both senses well into the early twentieth century. For pearls and diamonds, weight is quoted in carats, divided into four grains. The carat was eventually set to 205 milligrams (1877), and later 200 milligrams. For touch or fineness of gold, the
248:
grains were part of the legal definitions of units of mass. Expressions such as "thirty-two grains of wheat, taken from the middle of the ear" appear to have been ritualistic formulas. Another source states that it was defined such that 252.458 units would balance 1 cubic inch (16 cm) of
560:(the mass of a carob seed) was equivalent to the weight of four wheat grains or three barleycorns. Since the weights of these seeds are highly variable, especially that of the cereals as a function of moisture, this is a convention more than an absolute law.
627:, and was in full use in 1284 (Assize of Weights and Measures, King Edward I), but was restricted to currency (the pound of pennies) until it was abolished in 1527. This pound was progressively replaced by a new pound, based on the weight of 120 silver
638:. The original mercantile pound of 25 shillings or 15 (Tower) ounces was displaced by, variously, the pound of the Hanseatic League (16 tower ounces) and by the pound of the then-important wool trade (16 ounces of 437 grains). A new pound of
483:
levels, used to monitor and regulate pollution, are sometimes measured in grains per cubic foot instead of the more usual ppm by volume. This is the same unit commonly used to measure the amount of moisture in the air, also known as the
616:
Physical grain weights were made and sold commercially at least as late as the early 1900s, and took various forms, from squares of sheet metal to manufactured wire shapes and coin-like weights.
260:, and is the only unit that is equal throughout the troy, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems of mass. The unit was based on the weight of a single grain of barley which was equal to about
472:, depending on the medication and manufacturer. The apothecaries' system has its own system of notation, in which the unit's symbol or abbreviation is followed by the quantity in lower case
583:, which is called the Sterling, round without clipping, shall weigh Thirty-two Grains of Wheat dry in the midst of the Ear; Twenty pennies make an Ounce; and Twelve Ounces make a Pound.
249:
distilled water at an ambient air-water pressure and temperature of 30 inches of mercury (100 kPa) and 62 °F (17 °C) respectively. Another book states that
Captain
2730:
2138:
1954:
3251:
51:
The small golden disc close to the 5 cm marker is a piece of pure gold weighing one grain. Shown for comparison is a tape measure and coins of major world currencies.
2712:
563:
The history of the modern
British grain can be traced back to a royal decree in thirteenth century England, re-iterating decrees that go back as far as
386:
or apothecaries' pound. It is obsolete in the United
Kingdom and, like most other non-SI units, it has no basis in law and cannot be used in commerce.
634:
Avoirdupois (goods of weight) refers to those things measured by the lesser but quicker balances: the bismar or auncel, the Roman balance, and the
2072:
1229:
915:
1067:
642:
grains was inadvertently created as 16 troy ounces, referring to the new troy rather than the old troy. Eventually, the wool pound won out.
2705:
972:
1018:(2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
3220:
2120:
1958:
1171:. NBS Special Publication. Vol. 447. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 20.
588:
2698:
1912:
1866:
1813:
1762:
1709:
1660:
1599:
1549:
1490:
1442:
1385:
1327:
1277:
869:
1159:
1019:
619:
The troy pound was only "the pound of Pence, Spices, Confections, as of
Electuaries", as such goods might be measured by a
429:(ppm), numerically equivalent to concentration measured in milligrams per litre. One grain per US gallon is approximately
549:
1946:
2013:
1135:
829:
1004:
National
Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds.
2674:
1652:
1541:
1434:
440:
A five-grain aspirin. The usage guidance label on a bottle of aspirin indicates that the dosage is "325 mg (5 gr)".
1058:
17:
1026:
433:. Soft water contains 1–4 gpg of calcium carbonate equivalents, while hard water contains 11–20 gpg.
360:
62:
2721:
670:
658:
375:
319:
273:
the weight of a single grain of wheat. The fundamental unit of the pre-1527 English weight system, known as
2113:
1482:
307:
892:
2679:
2087:
444:
Though no longer recommended, in the U.S., grains are still used occasionally in medicine as part of the
341:. The unit formerly used by jewellers to measure pearls, diamonds, and other precious stones, called the
613:(≈6%) lighter. The weight of the original sterling pennies was 22½ troy grains, or 32 "Tower grains".
3215:
2669:
2029:
1005:
936:
3246:
2106:
445:
225:
75:
861:
3241:
3108:
2545:
1011:
Specifications, Tolerances, and Other
Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices
31:
1848:
1695:
1581:
1527:
1367:
1259:
2744:
2157:
1898:
1648:
1638:
1537:
1422:
1309:
699:
fraction of gold was given as a weight, the total being a solidus of 24 carats or 96 grains.
674:
480:
1472:
1205:
274:
3184:
3134:
2561:
2052:
1754:
1377:
418:
8:
3256:
3200:
3174:
3159:
2662:
2616:
2586:
2056:
1639:"Chapter 3: Metric, Apothecary, and Household Systems of Measurement — Apothecary System"
1121:
537:
2073:"Pound (Avoirdupois, pound-mass) to grain (Avoirdupois) conversion | Units of Mass"
930:
3210:
3205:
2657:
2647:
2058:
British
Weights and Measures as described in the laws of England from Anglo-Saxon times
1858:
1103:
1087:
909:
854:
673:
authorised Miller's new standards to replace those lost in the fire that destroyed the
257:
71:
2207:
2162:
2009:
1918:
1908:
1872:
1862:
1819:
1809:
1768:
1758:
1715:
1705:
1666:
1656:
1605:
1595:
1555:
1545:
1496:
1486:
1448:
1438:
1426:
1391:
1381:
1333:
1323:
1283:
1273:
1172:
1131:
1107:
1095:
1079:
1054:"Metrological Notes: III.- Had the People of Pre-historic Mycenae a Weight Standard?"
1029:
865:
825:
646:
635:
485:
426:
422:
414:
379:
1582:"Chapter 12: Multiple Comparisons Among Treatment Means — 12.10 Trend Analysis"
1373:
Water
Softening with Potassium Chloride: Process, Health, and Environmental Benefits
1591:
1071:
1049:
3103:
3003:
2601:
1902:
1852:
1799:
1748:
1699:
1642:
1585:
1531:
1476:
1371:
1319:
1313:
1263:
1127:
British weights & measures: a history from antiquity to the sixteenth century
1125:
819:
631:
of 48 grains. The new pound used a barley-corn grain, rather than a wheat grain.
2690:
1163:
425:
equivalents. Otherwise, water hardness is measured in the dimensionless unit of
3179:
3139:
3008:
2631:
2606:
2566:
2499:
2458:
2408:
2129:
1180:
1009:
964:
564:
473:
371:
359:
carat (50 mg; 0.77 gr). The grain was also the name of a traditional
277:, was based on the wheat grain. The tower "wheat" grain was defined as exactly
1228:
3235:
3082:
3044:
2978:
2652:
2611:
2576:
2514:
2428:
2232:
2227:
1922:
1876:
1772:
1719:
1670:
1609:
1559:
1500:
1452:
1395:
1337:
1287:
1239:. Ontario, Canada: International Practical Shooting Confederation. p. 40
1176:
1083:
453:
253:, of the British Standards Commission, arrived at this value experimentally.
209:
46:
1099:
3154:
3129:
3039:
2958:
2794:
2779:
2591:
2509:
2494:
2489:
2433:
2398:
2372:
2263:
2217:
2202:
1962:
1233:
815:
708:
624:
580:
572:
557:
1823:
1533:
Math for Nurses: A Pocket Guide to Dosage
Calculation and Drug Preparation
1420:
3169:
3149:
3029:
2963:
2937:
2896:
2832:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2626:
2581:
2504:
2479:
2413:
2403:
2352:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2182:
2177:
2172:
1907:. Western Regional Biomass Energy Program. DIANE Publishing. p. 40.
1033:
1022:
596:
568:
552:
to define units of mass; along with other seeds, especially those of the
493:
399:
250:
221:
217:
67:
1694:
Pickar, Gloria D.; Swart, Beth; Graham, Hope; Swedish, Margaret (2012).
821:
The origins of metrology: collected papers of Dr. Daniel McLean McDonald
3164:
3144:
3113:
3087:
2932:
2901:
2891:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2774:
2596:
2571:
2540:
2357:
2347:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2301:
2197:
1805:
492:
unit used to measure particulate emissions and absolute humidity is mg/
407:
394:
383:
1091:
579:
By consent of the whole Realm the King's
Measure was made, so that an
3059:
2983:
2942:
2519:
1269:
329:
1704:(2nd Canadian ed.). Toronto: Nelson Education. pp. 527–8.
1644:
Henke's Med-Math: Dosage Calculation, Preparation and Administration
1165:
Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A brief history
1053:
677:. The standard was an avoirdupois pound, the grain being defined as
3054:
2886:
2524:
2438:
2393:
2342:
1075:
662:
410:. In archery, the grain is the standard unit used to weigh arrows.
436:
240:. From the Bronze Age into the Renaissance, the average masses of
236:. It is nominally based upon the mass of a single ideal seed of a
3077:
2784:
2621:
2212:
2098:
449:
402:(9.1 mm) cartridges that have 148-grain (9.6 g) bullets
2973:
2916:
2423:
2377:
2311:
2192:
628:
623:
or small balance. The old troy standard was set by King Offa's
545:
245:
237:
3034:
2911:
2484:
2367:
2326:
1955:
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement
1433:. Food Science Text Series (3rd ed.). New York; London:
600:
553:
541:
241:
406:
Grains are commonly used to measure the mass of bullets and
318:) measure has been defined in terms of units of mass in the
2968:
2906:
2827:
2789:
2769:
2749:
2418:
2362:
2273:
2222:
2187:
2167:
2152:
213:
448:, especially in prescriptions for older medicines such as
3049:
1988:
1693:
489:
1849:"15 Continuous Particulate Monitoring — 15.1 Overview"
599:. The Tower pound, abolished in 1527, consisted of 12
1473:"Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Math — Apothecary System"
1421:
Vaclavik, Vickie A.; Christian, Elizabeth W. (2008).
1368:"Chapter 8: Comparison of KCl and NaCl as Regenerant"
1006:"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"
1366:
Wist, William; McEachern, Rod; Lehr, Jay H. (2009).
1258:
Meyer, Rudolf; Köhler, Josef; Homburg, Axel (2007).
809:
807:
3252:
Customary units of measurement in the United States
1854:
Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook
1528:"UNIT 2 Measurement Systems: The Apothecary System"
1416:
1414:
1412:
932:
A Manual of Weights, Measures, and Specific Gravity
1423:"Chapter 2: Water — Water Hardness and Treatments"
1257:
853:
824:. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
2720:
1689:
1687:
1365:
804:
556:tree. According to a longstanding tradition, one
3233:
2008:. Madison: University of Wisconsin. p. 11.
1842:
1840:
1409:
1268:(Sixth, completely revised ed.). Weinheim:
1160:"8. Refinement of values for the yard and pound"
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1361:
1359:
1357:
762:The exact value of one grain per cubic foot is
665:. c. 74), the avoirdupois pound was defined as
468:, though the grain can also be approximated to
464:. In that example the grain is approximated to
333:. One gram is thus approximately equivalent to
2092:. London: Crosby Lockwood and Son. p. 33.
1696:"Appendix B: Apothecary System of Measurement"
1684:
1234:"Handgun Competition Rules (January 2012 ed.)"
1230:International Practical Shooting Confederation
1044:
1042:
969:How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement
813:
725:The exact value of one grain per US gallon is
2706:
2114:
2089:Measures, Weights and Measures of all Nations
2047:
2045:
1941:
1939:
1837:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1636:
1251:
1130:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 11.
1068:Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
958:
956:
954:
952:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1623:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1354:
894:Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures
851:
496:. One grain per cubic foot is approximately
1039:
973:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2713:
2699:
2121:
2107:
2042:
1936:
1851:. In Down, Randy D.; Lehr, Jay H. (eds.).
1733:
1573:
949:
914:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
45:
2085:
2079:
1989:Connor, R.D.; Simpson, A.D.C. (c. 2004).
1846:
1786:
1514:
1459:
845:
1959:United States Department of the Interior
1590:(7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
1307:
1048:
460:tablet of aspirin is sometimes given as
456:. For example, the dosage of a standard
435:
393:
1951:Offshore Energy and Minerals Management
1315:Beginner's Guide to Traditional Archery
962:
928:
571:was one of many monetary pounds of 240
378:, there are precisely 7,000 grains per
310:agreement of 1 July 1959, the grain or
14:
3234:
2061:. London: John Murray. pp. 32–34.
2051:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1746:
1637:Buchholz, Susan; Henke, Grace (2009).
1579:
1157:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
256:The grain was the legal foundation of
2694:
2102:
2003:
1896:
1797:
1525:
1470:
1151:
1120:
2731:Comparison with imperial unit system
2139:Comparison with US customary system
1977:
1961:. 17 September 2010. Archived from
1904:Biomass Energy: A Glossary of Terms
1318:(1st ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA:
987:
963:Rowlett, Russ (13 September 2001).
856:The weights and measures of England
649:was defined in prototype, rated as
589:Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris
24:
2128:
1804:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
1647:(6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
1587:Statistical Methods for Psychology
1536:(7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA:
1349:Arrow weight is measured in grains
258:traditional English weight systems
25:
3268:
3221:Foot–pound–second system of units
1747:Biblis, Margaret M., ed. (1992).
1653:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
1542:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
758:
1991:Weights and Measures in Scotland
1158:Judson, Lewis V. (March 1976) .
721:
389:
306:Since the implementation of the
2065:
2022:
1997:
1890:
1750:Dorland's Medical Abbreviations
1301:
1222:
1206:"Weights and measures: the law"
1198:
1059:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
971:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
2675:Foot–pound–second system (FPS)
1847:Averdieck, William J. (2005).
1114:
1066:. London: The Council for the
922:
885:
507:
303:) of the troy "barley" grain.
13:
1:
2722:United States customary units
2004:Zupko, Ronald Edward (1977).
1897:Chase, Craig L., ed. (1998).
1483:Jones & Bartlett Learning
1478:Math for Pharmacy Technicians
798:
671:Weights and Measures Act 1855
659:Weights and Measures Act 1824
603:like the troy pound, but was
595:The pound in question is the
376:United States customary units
320:International System of Units
2086:Woolhouse, W. S. B. (1890).
2006:British Weights and Measures
1798:Steen, Edwin Benzel (1971).
935:. Chicago: author . p.
308:international yard and pound
7:
2680:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
1471:Zentz, Lorraine C. (2010).
1308:Sorrells, Brian J. (2004).
702:
10:
3273:
3114:Kilopounds per square inch
1431:Essentials of Food Science
503:
29:
3216:English Engineering Units
3193:
3122:
3096:
3070:
3017:
2996:
2951:
2925:
2879:
2848:
2841:
2805:
2737:
2728:
2670:English Engineering units
2640:
2554:
2533:
2467:
2451:
2386:
2335:
2294:
2287:
2241:
2145:
2136:
1580:Howell, David C. (2010).
1036:. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
814:McDonald, Daniel McLean;
188:
165:
142:
119:
115:
97:
89:
81:
61:
56:
44:
39:
3123:Other units and measures
2555:Other units and measures
714:
657:grains. In the Imperial
2030:"The Grains of History"
1899:"Particulate Emissions"
1526:Boyer, Mary Jo (2009).
929:Oldberg, Oscar (1885).
382:, and 5,760 grains per
3109:Pounds per square inch
2546:Pounds per square inch
593:
567:(eighth century). The
441:
413:In North America, the
403:
372:British Imperial units
32:Grain (disambiguation)
2745:Thousandth of an inch
2158:Thousandth of an inch
1801:Medical Abbreviations
1649:Wolters Kluwer Health
1538:Wolters Kluwer Health
1378:John Wiley & Sons
1310:"The Right Equipment"
852:R. D. Connor (1987).
577:
550:Mediterranean traders
439:
417:is often measured in
397:
226:apothecaries' systems
3185:Ton of refrigeration
3135:British thermal unit
2562:British thermal unit
1953:. Washington, D.C.:
1753:. Philadelphia, PA:
1122:Zupko, Ronald Edward
675:Houses of Parliament
669:grains exactly. The
481:particulate emission
446:apothecaries' system
419:grains per US gallon
76:apothecaries' weight
30:For other uses, see
3201:American wire gauge
3175:Pound-foot (torque)
3160:Foot-pound (energy)
1701:Dosage Calculations
860:. H.M.S.O. p.
816:Scarre, Christopher
228:, equal to exactly
184:apothecaries' pound
110:... is equal to ...
57:General information
3211:Body jewelry sizes
3206:Avoirdupois system
2648:Avoirdupois system
1859:Wiley-Interscience
1544:. pp. 108–9.
1427:Heldman, Dennis R.
442:
404:
212:of measurement of
196:
190:
173:
167:
150:
144:
127:
121:
72:avoirdupois weight
3229:
3228:
2992:
2991:
2688:
2687:
2447:
2446:
1947:"Glossary: AA–AB"
1914:978-0-7881-7256-4
1868:978-0-471-46354-2
1815:978-0-7020-0360-8
1764:978-0-7216-3751-8
1711:978-0-17-650259-1
1662:978-0-7817-7628-8
1655:. pp. 55–6.
1601:978-0-495-59784-1
1551:978-0-7817-6335-6
1492:978-0-7637-5961-2
1444:978-0-387-69939-4
1387:978-0-470-08713-8
1329:978-0-8117-3133-1
1279:978-3-527-31656-4
1050:Ridgeway, William
1014:. NIST Handbook.
897:. Baltimore. 1850
871:978-0-11-290435-9
754: mg/L (ppm).
647:avoirdupois pound
534:
533:
486:absolute humidity
427:parts per million
423:calcium carbonate
415:hardness of water
380:avoirdupois pound
202:
201:
98:Conversions
16:(Redirected from
3264:
2846:
2845:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2292:
2291:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1744:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1592:Cengage Learning
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1485:. pp. 7–8.
1468:
1457:
1456:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1179:. Archived from
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1046:
1037:
1002:
985:
984:
982:
980:
960:
947:
946:
944:
943:
926:
920:
919:
913:
905:
903:
902:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
859:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
811:
793:
791:
790:
789:
788:
785:
782:
776:
773:
772:
771:
761:
753:
751:
750:
749:
748:
745:
739:
736:
735:
734:
724:
694:
692:
691:
690:
686:
683:
668:
656:
652:
641:
612:
611:
607:
591:
508:
499:
471:
467:
463:
459:
432:
366:
358:
357:
353:
343:jeweller's grain
340:
338:
332:
327:
302:
301:
297:
294:
289:
288:
284:
281:
272:
271:
267:
264:
235:
234: milligrams
233:
198:64.79891 mg
197:
191:
183:
182:
178:
174:
168:
160:
159:
155:
151:
145:
137:
136:
132:
128:
122:
49:
37:
36:
21:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3194:Related systems
3189:
3118:
3104:Inch of mercury
3092:
3066:
3013:
3004:Feet per second
2988:
2947:
2921:
2875:
2837:
2801:
2733:
2724:
2719:
2689:
2684:
2641:Related systems
2636:
2602:Horsepower-hour
2550:
2529:
2463:
2443:
2382:
2331:
2283:
2237:
2141:
2132:
2127:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:on 29 July 2012
1945:
1944:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1861:. p. 330.
1857:. Hoboken, NJ:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1796:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1745:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1692:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1635:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1602:
1594:. p. 402.
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1524:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1493:
1481:. Sudbury, MA:
1469:
1460:
1445:
1419:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1380:. p. 116.
1376:. Hoboken, NJ:
1364:
1355:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1320:Stackpole Books
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1280:
1272:. p. 152.
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1168:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1119:
1115:
1047:
1040:
1003:
988:
978:
976:
961:
950:
941:
939:
927:
923:
907:
906:
900:
898:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
872:
850:
846:
836:
834:
832:
812:
805:
801:
786:
783:
780:
778:
777:
774:
769:
767:
766:
765:
763:
746:
743:
741:
740:
737:
732:
730:
729:
728:
726:
717:
705:
688:
687:
684:
681:
680:
678:
666:
654:
650:
639:
625:currency reform
609:
605:
604:
592:
587:
536:At least since
506:
497:
469:
465:
461:
457:
430:
392:
364:
355:
351:
350:
336:
334:
325:
323:
299:
295:
292:
291:
286:
282:
279:
278:
269:
265:
262:
261:
231:
229:
195:
189:
180:
176:
175:
172:
166:
157:
153:
152:
149:
143:
134:
130:
129:
126:
120:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Grain (measure)
15:
12:
11:
5:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:Imperial units
3244:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3180:Spinning count
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Degree (angle)
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3009:Miles per hour
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2632:Spinning count
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2459:Miles per hour
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Gunter's chain
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:Imperial units
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2078:
2064:
2041:
2021:
2014:
1996:
1993:. East Linton.
1976:
1935:
1913:
1889:
1867:
1836:
1814:
1785:
1763:
1732:
1710:
1683:
1661:
1622:
1600:
1572:
1550:
1513:
1491:
1458:
1443:
1437:. p. 29.
1408:
1386:
1353:
1328:
1322:. p. 23.
1300:
1278:
1250:
1221:
1197:
1186:on 3 June 2011
1150:
1136:
1113:
1076:10.2307/623588
1038:
986:
948:
921:
884:
870:
844:
830:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
755:
716:
713:
712:
711:
704:
701:
585:
573:silver pennies
532:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
505:
502:
498:2288 mg/m
474:Roman numerals
391:
388:
365:53.115 mg
349:, is equal to
200:
199:
193:
186:
185:
170:
163:
162:
147:
140:
139:
124:
117:
116:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
65:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3269:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Units of mass
3240:
3239:
3237:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Hundredweight
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:English units
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Pound (force)
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Hundredweight
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Fluid Scruple
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:Nautical mile
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:Watson, C. M.
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2015:0-299-07340-8
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1211:
1210:UK Government
1207:
1201:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1139:
1137:9780299073404
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
975:. grain (gr)
974:
970:
966:
959:
957:
955:
953:
938:
934:
933:
925:
917:
911:
896:
895:
888:
873:
867:
863:
858:
857:
848:
833:
831:9780951942000
827:
823:
822:
817:
810:
808:
803:
760:
756:
723:
719:
718:
710:
707:
706:
700:
696:
676:
672:
664:
660:
648:
643:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
617:
614:
602:
598:
590:
584:
582:
581:English Penny
576:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
548:were used by
547:
543:
539:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
517:
514:≈200 mg
513:
510:
509:
501:
495:
491:
487:
482:
479:In the U.S.,
477:
475:
462:5 grains
455:
454:phenobarbital
451:
447:
438:
434:
431:17.1 ppm
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
401:
396:
390:Current usage
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
362:
348:
344:
331:
322:as precisely
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
276:
275:Tower weights
259:
254:
252:
247:
243:
239:
227:
223:
219:
216:, and in the
215:
211:
207:
194:
187:
171:
169:Apothecaries'
164:
148:
141:
125:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
66:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3155:Foot-lambert
3130:Bolt (cloth)
3024:
2592:Foot-poundal
2510:Long hundred
2490:Pound (mass)
2474:
2414:Fluid Drachm
2373:Trade gallon
2088:
2081:
2067:
2057:
2033:. Retrieved
2024:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1950:
1926:. Retrieved
1903:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1853:
1827:. Retrieved
1800:
1776:. Retrieved
1749:
1723:. Retrieved
1700:
1674:. Retrieved
1643:
1613:. Retrieved
1586:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1532:
1504:. Retrieved
1477:
1430:
1399:. Retrieved
1372:
1348:
1341:. Retrieved
1314:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1264:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1164:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1126:
1116:
1063:
1057:
1015:
1010:
977:. Retrieved
968:
940:. Retrieved
931:
924:
899:. Retrieved
893:
887:
875:. Retrieved
855:
847:
837:15 September
835:. Retrieved
820:
759:
722:
709:English unit
697:
644:
633:
620:
618:
615:
594:
578:
562:
540:, grains of
535:
530:≈50 mg
522:≈65 mg
519:barley grain
478:
443:
412:
405:
369:
346:
342:
339: grains
315:
311:
305:
255:
205:
203:
109:
104:
82:Unit of
27:Unit of mass
3150:Foot-candle
3083:Pound-force
2897:Fluid ounce
2833:Square mile
2823:Square yard
2818:Square foot
2813:Square inch
2582:Foot-candle
2353:Fluid ounce
2279:Square mile
2259:Square yard
2254:Square foot
2249:Square inch
1143:18 December
794: mg/m.
597:Tower pound
569:Tower pound
527:wheat grain
458:325 mg
408:propellants
400:.38 Special
361:French unit
347:pearl grain
251:Henry Kater
222:avoirdupois
218:troy weight
146:Avoirdupois
68:Troy weight
63:Unit system
3257:Ammunition
3236:Categories
3165:Horsepower
3145:Fahrenheit
2933:Board foot
2892:Tablespoon
2871:Cubic mile
2866:Cubic yard
2861:Cubic foot
2856:Cubic inch
2658:Winchester
2617:Pound-foot
2597:Horsepower
2587:Foot-pound
2572:Fahrenheit
2348:Tablespoon
2322:Cubic mile
2317:Cubic yard
2307:Cubic foot
2302:Cubic inch
2163:Barleycorn
2035:2016-09-21
1806:F.A. Davis
1265:Explosives
1215:2021-11-11
942:2016-09-24
901:2016-09-23
877:2 February
799:References
511:carob seed
470:60 mg
466:65 mg
384:troy pound
330:milligrams
312:troy grain
138:troy pound
103:1 gr
2984:Acre-foot
2943:Face cord
2663:Exchequer
2520:Ship load
1923:256903828
1877:469979932
1773:246565261
1720:693657704
1671:181600929
1610:689547756
1560:181600928
1501:421360709
1453:230744052
1396:496960317
1338:474105699
1288:255797039
1270:Wiley-VCH
1177:610190761
1108:164030519
1084:0075-4269
1070:: 90–97.
1023:0271-4027
910:cite book
636:steelyard
565:King Offa
538:antiquity
421:(gpg) of
398:A box of
363:equal to
314:(symbol:
3097:Pressure
2887:Teaspoon
2534:Pressure
2439:Hogshead
2394:Chaldron
2343:Teaspoon
2055:(1910).
1755:Saunders
1435:Springer
1232:(2011).
1124:(1977).
1100:51205085
1052:(1889).
1034:58927093
818:(1992).
703:See also
663:5 Geo. 4
586:—
370:In both
192:SI units
3078:Poundal
2880:Cooking
2849:Derived
2795:statute
2785:Furlong
2622:Poundal
2607:Kenning
2577:Rankine
2500:Quarter
2336:Cooking
2295:Derived
2213:Furlong
1651:|
1540:|
1429:(ed.).
1260:"Grain"
1190:30 June
1008:(PDF).
792:
764:
752:
727:
695:of it.
693:
679:
629:dirhems
608:⁄
504:History
450:aspirin
354:⁄
298:⁄
285:⁄
268:⁄
179:⁄
156:⁄
133:⁄
2979:Barrel
2974:Bushel
2917:Gallon
2842:Volume
2738:Length
2567:Degree
2480:Drachm
2429:Barrel
2424:Bushel
2378:Gallon
2312:Hoppus
2288:Volume
2233:League
2193:Fathom
2146:Length
2012:
1969:5 July
1928:5 July
1921:
1911:
1882:5 July
1875:
1865:
1829:5 July
1824:165344
1822:
1812:
1778:5 July
1771:
1761:
1725:5 July
1718:
1708:
1676:5 July
1669:
1659:
1615:5 July
1608:
1598:
1565:2 July
1558:
1548:
1506:5 July
1499:
1489:
1451:
1441:
1401:4 July
1394:
1384:
1343:4 July
1336:
1326:
1293:4 July
1286:
1276:
1243:4 July
1175:
1134:
1106:
1098:
1092:623588
1090:
1082:
1032:
979:4 July
868:
828:
768:64.798
731:64.798
601:ounces
546:barley
488:. The
335:15.432
328:
324:64.798
246:barley
238:cereal
230:64.798
224:, and
105:in ...
90:Symbol
3071:Force
3060:Short
3040:Pound
3035:Ounce
3025:Grain
2997:Speed
2959:Minim
2952:Other
2912:Quart
2780:Chain
2495:Stone
2485:Ounce
2475:Grain
2452:Speed
2434:Stuck
2399:Minim
2387:Other
2368:Quart
2327:Tmcft
2264:Perch
2218:Cable
2203:Chain
1425:. In
1237:(PDF)
1184:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1104:S2CID
1088:JSTOR
779:0.028
742:3.785
715:Notes
667:7,000
655:7,004
651:6,992
640:7,680
558:carat
554:carob
542:wheat
242:wheat
208:is a
206:grain
161:pound
40:Grain
3170:Perm
3055:Long
3030:Dram
3018:Mass
2969:Peck
2964:Gill
2938:Cord
2926:Wood
2907:Pint
2828:Acre
2806:Area
2790:Mile
2770:Yard
2765:Foot
2760:Link
2755:Hand
2750:Inch
2627:Span
2505:Slug
2468:Mass
2419:Peck
2404:Gill
2363:Pint
2274:Acre
2269:Rood
2242:Area
2223:Mile
2188:Yard
2183:Foot
2178:Link
2173:Hand
2168:Inch
2153:Twip
2010:ISBN
1971:2012
1930:2012
1919:OCLC
1909:ISBN
1884:2012
1873:OCLC
1863:ISBN
1831:2012
1820:OCLC
1810:ISBN
1780:2012
1769:OCLC
1759:ISBN
1727:2012
1716:OCLC
1706:ISBN
1678:2012
1667:OCLC
1657:ISBN
1617:2012
1606:OCLC
1596:ISBN
1567:2012
1556:OCLC
1546:ISBN
1508:2012
1497:OCLC
1487:ISBN
1449:OCLC
1439:ISBN
1403:2012
1392:OCLC
1382:ISBN
1345:2012
1334:OCLC
1324:ISBN
1295:2012
1284:OCLC
1274:ISBN
1245:2012
1192:2012
1173:OCLC
1145:2011
1132:ISBN
1096:OCLC
1080:ISSN
1030:OCLC
1027:OCLC
1020:ISSN
981:2012
916:link
879:2012
866:ISBN
839:2012
826:ISBN
689:7000
645:The
621:troi
374:and
244:and
214:mass
210:unit
181:5760
158:7000
135:5760
123:Troy
85:Mass
3088:Kip
3050:Ton
2902:Cup
2775:Rod
2541:Ksi
2525:Ton
2358:Cup
2198:Rod
1072:doi
965:"G"
862:124
787:592
784:846
781:316
747:784
744:411
653:to
544:or
452:or
345:or
3238::
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1957:,
1949:.
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912:}}
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770:91
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720:1.
610:16
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490:SI
367:.
337:36
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316:gr
290:(≈
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232:91
220:,
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2700:v
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2108:v
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