Grand Canyon - Knowledge

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years old (San Francisco Peaks) to nearly 20,000 years old (Bar Four well, Blue Spring). Groundwater age in the South Rim groundwater system also correlates to longitude, with age increasing from east to west from Red Canyon to Boucher springs. Surprisingly, the Canyon Mine Observation well is more similar to Redwall-Muav aquifer wells (R-aquifer) than to the Coconino C-aquifer. This suggests the possibility of a hydrologic connection or similar recharge sources for that hydrologic position. Old groundwater from Havasupai well may have a similar source to the Havasu Spring upwelling from the Redwall-Muav aquifer. Sites with younger estimated mean ages tend to be associated with the unconfined Coconino aquifer. They may recharge quickly as a result of snowmelt, run-off and local precipitation. It is likely that the deeper confined R-aquifer relies primarily on snowmelt from the San Francisco Peaks to recharge.

1241: 1090: 1178: 459: 2295: 677: 2816: 728:. Discharge from the R-aquifer appears as springs and seeps in both the Grand Canyon and tributary canyons. Springs discharge to the Grand Canyon in areas of lower Paleozoic carbonates, and are associated with geologic faults and fractures. Fractures are believed to provide dominant pathways both for vertical circulation in the Paleozoic section, and for lateral collection and transport of water to springs deep in the canyons. The largest springs discharge from the R-aquifer. A smaller number of springs discharge at lower rates from the C-aquifer. Much of the water that could potentially recharge the aquifers is likely released as springs rather than reaching the aquifers. 139: 2844: 49: 1550:, which delivers waves of moisture from the southeast, causing dramatic, localized thunderstorms fueled by the heat of the day). Average annual precipitation on the South Rim is less than 16 inches (41 cm), with 60 inches (150 cm) of snow; the higher North Rim usually receives 27 inches (69 cm) of moisture, with a typical snowfall of 144 inches (370 cm); and Phantom Ranch, far below the canyon's rims along the Colorado River at 2,500 feet (760 m) gets just 8 inches (200 mm) of rain, and snow is a rarity. 73: 106: 2676: 391: 1743:'s "Climate Action Plan," goals were set to reduce greenhouse gases 30 percent below 2008 levels by 2020 and plan and implement measures that best allow the park to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Strategies to accomplish these goals included: "reduce emissions resulting from activities within and by the park, developing and implementing a plan to adapt to current and future impacts of climate change, increase climate change education and outreach, and monitor progress and identify areas for improvement". 2741: 2549: 1344: 2520: 1599: 1400: 2626:. North Rim campsites are only open seasonally due to road closures from weather and winter snowpack. All overnight camping below the rim requires a backcountry permit from the Backcountry Office (BCO). Each year Grand Canyon National Park receives approximately 30,000 requests for backcountry permits. The park issues 13,000 permits, and close to 40,000 people camp overnight. The earliest a permit application is accepted is the first of the month, four months before the proposed start month. 1834: 920: 2557: 1720: 2236: 1924: 1107:, in a series of articles run in 1853, Captain Joseph R. Walker in January 1851 with his nephew James T. Walker and six men, traveled up the Colorado River to a point where it joined the Virgin River and continued east into Arizona, traveling along the Grand Canyon and making short exploratory side trips along the way. Walker is reported to have said he wanted to visit the "Moqui" (Hopi) Indians. who he had met briefly before and found exceptionally interesting. 1554: 383: 372: 12089: 8751: 1475: 2303: 10190: 1669: 10184: 10172: 10027: 2802: 10178: 1369:(formerly Canyon Uranium Mine). Activity at the mine had ceased in 1992, ten years prior to the moratorium on new development in 2012. Appellants challenged the U.S. Forest Service's consultation process for approving reopening of the mine. As of February 22, 2022, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the arguments in No. 20-16401, concluding that the Forest Service had not acted arbitrarily in making its decision. 1732:

early as 1926. Early on, water for human use was brought in by tankers, and pumped up from a spring deeper in the canyon. In the 1960s, the Transcanyon Pipeline was built to carry water from the North Rim down into the canyon and back up to the South Rim. Every day 500,000 gallons of water are pumped from underground springs on the North Rim through the pipeline to supply the more heavily developed South Rim with water.

1781: 957:, along with Hopi guides and a small group of Spanish soldiers, traveled to the south rim of the Grand Canyon between Desert View and Moran Point. Pablo de Melgrossa, Juan Galeras, and a third soldier descended some one third of the way into the canyon until they were forced to return because of lack of water. In their report, they noted that some of the rocks in the canyon were "bigger than the great tower of Seville, 1517:, one of Mary Colter's best-known works, was built in 1932. Situated at the far eastern end of the South Rim, 27 miles (43 km) from Grand Canyon Village, the tower stands 70 feet (21 m) tall. The top of the tower is 7,522 feet (2,293 m) above sea level, the highest point on the South Rim. It offers one of the few full views of the bottom of the canyon and the Colorado River. It was designed to mimic 1340:"People from all over the country and around the world come to visit the Grand Canyon. Numerous American Indian tribes regard this magnificent icon as a sacred place and millions of people in the Colorado River Basin depend on the river for drinking water, irrigation, industrial and environmental use." However, Salazar's 20-year moratorium on new mines still allows mines with previous authorization to operate. 2652:(seven miles from the South Rim) for canyon flyovers. Scenic flights are no longer allowed to fly within 1,500 feet (460 m) of the rim within the national park because of a late 1990s crash. The last aerial video footage from below the rim was filmed in 1984. However, some helicopter flights land on the Havasupai and Hualapai Indian Reservations within Grand Canyon (outside of the park boundaries). 8715: 10166: 146: 113: 80: 467: 348:. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. 751: 8312: 8260: 8216: 8170: 8122: 8083: 8039: 8000: 7936: 7876: 3571: 2540:(5%), Florida (3%) and New York (4%) represented the top domestic visitors. Seventeen percent of visitors were from outside the United States; the most prominently represented nations were the United Kingdom (3%), Canada (4%), Japan (2%), Germany (2%) and the Netherlands (1%). The South Rim is open all year, weather permitting. The North Rim is generally open mid-May to mid-October. 1736:

Reclamation, recommended that the park drill a well into the Redwall-Muav aquifer to meet the increasing water consumption. However, the aquifer's recharge rate stands to decline over time due to decreases in precipitation and snowpack. Some effects of over pumping aquifers include land subsidence, reduction in rivers and lakes, disrupted riparian systems, and poor water quality.

2830: 2662:. On 420 acres (170 ha) there would be shops, an IMAX theater, hotels and an RV park. A gondola would enable easy visits to the canyon floor where a "riverwalk" of "connected walkways, an eatery, a tramway station, a seating area and a wastewater package plant" would be situated. On October 31, 2017, the Navajo Nation Council voted against the project. 712:

Formation and Supai Group provide a dense barrier. Groundwater from the C-acquifer can flow laterally, appearing as seeps along the canyon walls at the base of the Coconino Sandstone but can also descend vertically through fault zones to recharge the underlying confined R-aquifer. The R-aquifer, also known as the Red Wall Muav aquifer, is a

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He chose to smoke a peace pipe with them. Powell went on to become the first Director of the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution (1879–1902) and the second Director of the US Geological Survey (1881–1894). He was the first to use the term "Grand Canyon", in 1871; previously it had been called the "Big Canyon".

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16.5%, in spite of a slight increase of +1.4% in annual precipitation over the same period. Increases in temperature correlate to increased evaporation, loss of reflective snow, and decreases in snowpack, reducing available water in the Colorado River by an estimated 9.3% per degree Celsius of warming.

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and three of the four desert types in North America. The five life zones represented are the Lower Sonoran, Upper Sonoran, Transition, Canadian, and Hudsonian. This is equivalent to traveling from Mexico to Canada. Differences in elevation and the resulting variations in climate are the major factors

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The aspect, or direction a slope faces, also plays a major role in adding diversity to the Grand Canyon. North-facing slopes receive about one-third the normal amount of sunlight, so plants growing there are similar to plants found at higher elevations, or in more northern latitudes. The south-facing

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Differences in visibility tend to be seasonal: best during the winter and poorest during the summer. Winter cold fronts tend to carry clean, crisp air from the northwest, a less populated area. However they can also carry pollution from nearby mines and power plants. The average visibility during the

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The National Weather Service has had a cooperative station on the South Rim since 1903. The record high temperature on the South Rim was 105 °F (41 °C) on June 26, 1974, and the record low temperature was −20 °F (−29 °C) on January 1, 1919, February 1, 1985, and December 23, 1990.

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Between 2003 and 2011, 2,215 mining claims had been requested that are adjacent to the canyon, including claims for uranium mines. Critics of uranium mining are concerned that uranium will leach into the aquifers feeding the Colorado River and contaminate the water supply for up to 18 million people.

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that the Grand Canyon bisects is over one thousand feet (300 m) higher at the North Rim than at the South Rim. Almost all runoff from the North Rim (which also gets more rain and snow) flows toward the Grand Canyon, while much of the runoff on the plateau behind the South Rim flows away from the

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in Nepal is much deeper), the Grand Canyon is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape. Geologically, it is significant because of the thick sequence of ancient rocks that are well preserved and exposed in the walls of the canyon. These rock layers record much

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There are approximately 41 reptile species in Grand Canyon National Park. Ten are considered common along the river corridor and include lizards and snakes. Lizard density tends to be highest along the stretch of land between the water's edge and the beginning of the upland desert community. The two

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As of 1999 the Grand Canyon area had some of the cleanest air in the United States. However, air quality in the area can be affected by air pollution from coal-fired power plants, mining, oil and gas, vehicles, and urban and industrial pollution from nearby states, California and Mexico. Events such

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Weather conditions can greatly affect hiking and canyon exploration, and visitors should obtain accurate forecasts because of hazards posed by exposure to extreme temperatures, winter storms and late summer monsoons. While the park service posts weather information at gates and visitor centers, this

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On August 28, 1869, faced with what some felt to be impassable rapids, three men left the expedition on foot in an attempt to reach a settlement 75 miles (121 km) away. Ironically, the remaining members went safely through the rapids on August 29, 1869, while Seneca Howland, Oramel Howland, and

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aquifer. It involves an area of substantial fracturing through the Redwall Limestone, Temple Butte Formation and Cambrian Muav Limestone of the Tonto Group. Five individual systems flow through the R-aquifer and compose the regional groundwater-flow system which drains into the Grand Canyon: Kaibab,

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Grand Canyon National Park is one of the world's premier natural attractions, attracting about five million visitors per year. According to a survey conducted of visitors to the canyon between September 2003 through August 2004, 83% were from the United States: California (12%), Arizona (9%), Texas

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Due to the increase of greenhouse gases, temperatures have steadily risen making recent years the warmest in the century-long record. Temperatures have increased in Arizona by 2.1 degrees Fahrenheit since 1895. From 1916 to 2014, naturalized streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin decreased by

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Temperatures vary wildly throughout the year, with summer highs within the Inner Gorge commonly exceeding 100 °F (38 °C) and winter minimum temperatures sometimes falling below zero degrees Fahrenheit (−18 °C) along the canyon's rims. Visitors are often surprised by these potentially

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settlers. Which group was responsible for killing the three men has been hotly debated. Powell himself visited the area the following year, and was told (through a Mormon interpreter) that the Shivwits had mistakenly killed the men, believing them to be prospectors who had murdered an Indian woman.

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is a 78-mile (126 km) race over 24 hours. The floor of the valley is accessible by foot, muleback, or by boat or raft from upriver. Hiking down to the river and back up to the rim in one day is discouraged by park officials because of the distance, steep and rocky trails, change in elevation,

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are very rare in the Colorado River corridor; they have undergone major declines and have not been seen in the Canyon in several years. There are 33 crustacean species found in the Colorado River and its tributaries within Grand Canyon National Park. Of these 33, 16 are considered true zooplankton

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Natural seeps and springs percolating out of the canyon walls are home to 11% of all the plant species found in the Grand Canyon. The canyon itself can act as a connection between the east and the west by providing corridors of appropriate habitat along its length. The canyon can also be a genetic

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are typically conducted in the spring and fall in the forests adjacent to the canyon to reduce the potential for severe forest fires and resulting smoke conditions. Although prescribed fires also affect air quality, the controlled conditions allow the use of management techniques to minimize their

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was built in 1905 as a luxury hotel for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway, on the South Rim near the railway's main line. It was designed by Charles Whittlesley, a staff architect for the railway. The hotel is reminiscent of a Swiss chalet or Norwegian villa, combined with local materials

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A study examining samples of groundwater from 180 spring sites and 26 wells in the Grand Canyon region has assessed the presence of uranium in groundwater from September 1, 1981, to October 7, 2020. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline assessment of groundwater conditions in the Grand

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published a Notice of Intent to suspend approvals for new uranium mining in the area. In 2012, Salazar established a 20-year moratorium (known as the "Northern Arizona Withdrawal") withdrawing 1 million acres (4,000 km) from the permitting process for uranium and hardrock mining, stating

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Uplift associated with mountain formation later moved these sediments thousands of feet upward and created the Colorado Plateau. The higher elevation has also resulted in greater precipitation in the Colorado River drainage area, but not enough to change the Grand Canyon area from being semi-arid.

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About 770 deaths have occurred between the mid-1800s and 2015. Of the fatalities that occurred from 1869 to 2001, some were as follows: 53 resulted from falls; 65 were attributable to environmental causes, including heat stroke, cardiac arrest, dehydration, and hypothermia; 7 were caught in flash

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Over the last 30 years, the South Rim of the Grand Canyon has averaged 13.4 inches of rainfall per year, while the North Rim has averaged 24 inches. The first dual distribution water system in the United States was built on the South Rim, treating and reclaiming wastewater for nonpotable reuse as

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Other research has tried to relate groundwater flow paths to possible levels of risk for contamination and identify vulnerability regions for the underlying aquifers. Almost half of the Kaibab plateau's surface was associated with high to very high vulnerability of the unconfined Coconino aquifer

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affected visibility in the canyon, mainly in the winter. As a result, scrubbers were added to the plant's three units in 1997 through 1999 to reduce SO2 emissions by 90% on an annual average. Before and after observations showed a wintertime decrease of 33% for particulate sulfur (Sp), improving

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Weather in the Grand Canyon varies according to elevation. The forested rims are high enough to receive winter snowfall, but along the Colorado River in the Inner Gorge, temperatures are similar to those found in Tucson and other low elevation desert locations in Arizona. Conditions in the Grand

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U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt visited the Grand Canyon in 1903. An avid outdoorsman and staunch conservationist, Roosevelt established the Grand Canyon Game Preserve on November 28, 1906. Livestock grazing was reduced, but predators such as mountain lions, eagles, and wolves were eradicated.

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set out to explore the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon in the first expedition down the canyon. Powell ordered a shipwright to build four reinforced Whitewall rowboats from Chicago and had them shipped west on the newly completed Continental railroad. He hired nine men, including his brother

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Studies of the chemical composition of groundwater at sites across the Grand Canyon region indicate that groundwater contains a fraction of modern water (post-1950), and that many springs have a mix of modern water and older groundwater. Estimated mean ages for South Rim groundwater range from 6

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million years. For more than 150 years, scientists have gathered data, proposed new ideas, and debated sometimes contentious theories about the geologic origins of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River. Formation of the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River may involve a complex history in which

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Temperatures on the North Rim are generally lower than those on the South Rim because of the greater elevation (averaging 8,000 feet or 2,400 meters above sea level). Heavy rains are common on both rims during the summer months. Access to the North Rim via the primary route leading to the canyon

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found in Grand Canyon National Park. This variety is largely due to the 8,000 foot (2,400 m) elevation change from the Colorado River up to the highest point on the North Rim. Grand Canyon boasts a dozen endemic plants (known only within the Park's boundaries) while only ten percent of the

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near the canyon's south rim. On September 19, near present-day National Canyon, they came upon what May Humphreys Stacey described in his journal as "a wonderful canyon; four thousand feet deep. Everybody in the party admitted that he never before saw anything to match or equal this astonishing

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As water consumption continues to soar due to increasing visitation in the park, both the sustainability of the water supply and the condition of the pipeline are in question. As of 2019, plans to replace the aging 16-mile aluminum pipeline were proposed. Another proposal, from the Bureau of

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The different geologic levels of the Grand Canyon have created two major aquifers where groundwater collects. The higher C-aquifer is an unconfined aquifer. It collects groundwater that seeps through the Kaibab and Toroweap Formations into the Coconino Sandstone. Below it, the Permian Hermit

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was completed in 1910 and contains 2 levels. Gordon Chappell, Regional Historian for the Park Service, claims that this depot building is one of only three log-cabin-style train stations currently standing, out of fourteen ever built in the U.S. The depot is the northern terminus of the

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Approximately 30 bird species breed primarily in the desert uplands and cliffs of the inner canyon. Virtually all bird species present breed in other suitable habitats throughout the Sonoran and Mohave deserts. The abundance of bats, swifts, and riparian birds provides ample food for

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winter is 160 miles, with the potential to reach 210 miles under ideal conditions. In the summer, prevailing winds from the southwest carry pollution from major urban and industrial centers, and visibility on average is only 100 miles. Within the canyon itself, smog can be trapped.

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in 1963. Average flood levels dropped from 85,000 to 8,000 cubic ft/sec. In the absence of natural flooding, sandbars and beaches eroded and invasive species began to displace native species. Federal officials started releasing floods in the Grand Canyon in hopes of restoring its

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beginning with 1996, 2004, and 2008. In 2018, the Department of Interior started experimenting with “adaptive management” of the Glen Canyon Dam, using a High-Flow Experiment (HFE) water release to shift volumes of sand and monitoring effects such as the dispersal of invasive

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established a goal of restoring visibility in national parks and wilderness areas (Class 1 areas), such as the Grand Canyon, to natural background levels by 2064. Subsequent revisions to the rule provide specific requirements for making reasonable progress toward that goal.

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floods; 79 were drowned in the Colorado River; 242 perished in airplane and helicopter crashes (128 of them in the 1956 disaster mentioned below); 25 died in freak errors and accidents, including lightning strikes and rock falls; and 23 were the victims of homicides.

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Multiple challenges have been brought into court both against the moratorium and against the operation of uranium mines in the area. The federal government's 2012 moratorium was upheld by the U.S. District Court for Arizona in 2014, but appealed in November 2014 as

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The emerging scientific consensus is that the canyon is made up of multiple segments which formed at different times and eventually connected to become the waterway now traversed by the Colorado River. Of the three central segments, the "Hurricane" was formed

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departed Los Angeles International Airport within three minutes of one another on eastbound transcontinental flights. Approximately 90 minutes later, the two propeller-driven airliners collided above the canyon while both were flying in unmonitored airspace.

2259:, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. Elevations of 3,500 to 4,000 feet (1,100 to 1,200 m) are in the Mojave Desert Scrub community of the Upper Sonoran. This community is dominated by the four-winged saltbush and creosote bush; other important plants include 1383:

On August 8, 2023, it was announced that U.S. President Joe Biden will designate Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument, a move aimed at conserving nearly 1 million acres of greater Grand Canyon landscape.

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struck a rock. Ives led his party east into the canyon – they may have been the first Europeans to travel the Diamond Creek drainage. In his "Report Upon the Colorado River of the West" to the Senate in 1861 Ives states that "The marvellous story of

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that form the various life zones and communities in and around the canyon. Grand Canyon National Park contains 129 vegetation communities, and the composition and distribution of plant species are influenced by climate, geomorphology and geology.

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Camping on the North and South rims is generally restricted to established campgrounds and reservations are highly recommended, especially at the busier South Rim. There is at large camping available along many parts of the North Rim managed by

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century, newer cultures had evolved. The Hualapai inhabit a 100-mile (160 km) stretch along the pine-clad southern side of the Grand Canyon. The Havasupai have been living in the area near Cataract Canyon since the beginning of the

3506: 1657:. The GCVTC released its final report in 1996 and initiated the Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), a partnership of state, tribal and federal agencies to help coordinate the implementation of the commission's recommendations. 2380:

Ponderosa pine forests grow at elevations between 6,500 and 8,200 feet (2,000 and 2,500 m), on both North and South rims in the Transition life zone. The South Rim includes species such as gray fox, mule deer, bighorn sheep,

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The great depth of the Grand Canyon and especially the height of its strata (most of which formed below sea level) can be attributed to 5,000–10,000 feet (1,500–3,000 m) of uplift of the Colorado Plateau, starting about

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is the third major area with tourist services, about 125 mi (201 km) driving from Las Vegas and about 250 miles (400 km) by road from Grand Canyon Village at the South Rim. The tribe opened the glass-bottomed

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in 1905. He sold arts and crafts as well as souvenirs. Until September 2008, it was run by his descendants; in November 2008, the building reopened as a visitor center focusing on the history of the Grand Canyon Village

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area of the United States. They were the first people known to live in the Grand Canyon area. The cultural group has often been referred to in archaeology as the Anasazi, although the term is not preferred by the modern

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were deposited in warm shallow seas, near-shore environments (such as beaches), and swamps as the seashore repeatedly advanced and retreated over the edge of a proto-North America. Major exceptions include the Permian

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are two amphibians that are common in the rim forests. Of the approximately 90 bird species that breed in the coniferous forests, 51 are summer residents and at least 15 of these are known to be neotropical migrants.

961:". It is speculated that their Hopi guides likely knew routes to the canyon floor, but may have been reluctant to lead the Spanish to the river. No Europeans visited the canyon again for more than two hundred years. 1086:, that had formed for so long a time the only record concerning this rather mythical locality, was rather magnified than detracted from by the accounts of one or two trappers, who professed to have seen the cañon". 2633: 5101: 1981:, are mostly omnivorous, using many different vegetation types. Grand Canyon bats typically roost in desert uplands but forage on the abundance of insects along the river and its tributaries. In addition to bats, 1545:

occurs twice annually, during seasonal pattern shifts in winter (when Pacific storms usually deliver widespread, moderate rain and high-elevation snow to the region from the west) and in late summer (due to the

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Also in 1776, Fray Francisco Garces, a Franciscan missionary, spent a week near Havasupai unsuccessfully attempting to convert a band of Native Americans to Christianity. He described the canyon as "profound".

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from the much higher temperatures at the bottom. Rescues are required annually of unsuccessful rim-to-river-to-rim travelers. Nevertheless, hundreds of fit and experienced hikers complete the trip every year.

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seeds. However, as of 2022, extreme drought has caused water levels in Lake Powell to drop so much that a planned release of water has been delayed, to ensure that the Glen Canyon Dam can continue to generate

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asked Lieutenant Joseph Ives to lead an expedition to assess the feasibility of an up-river navigation from the Gulf of California. On December 31, 1857, Ives embarked from the mouth of the Colorado in the

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in the early 1980s, bighorn sheep numbers have rebounded. Mule deer are generally not permanent residents along the river but travel down from the rim when food and water resources there become scarce.

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Montane meadows and subalpine grassland communities of the Hudsonian life zone are rare and located only on the North Rim. Both are typified by many grass species. Some of these grasses include

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Air quality and visibility in the canyon are affected mainly by sulfates, soils, and organics. The sulfates largely result from urban emissions in southern California, borne on the prevailing

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s Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water, 30 μg/L. At 86% of sites, uranium concentrations were below the Canadian level for protection of freshwater aquatic life, 15 μg/L.

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Karlstrom, Karl E.; Lee, John P.; Kelley, Shari A.; Crow, Ryan S.; et al. (2014). "Formation of the Grand Canyon 5 to 6 million years ago through integration of older palaeocanyons".

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The Upper Sonoran Life Zone includes most of the inner canyon and South Rim at elevations from 3,500 to 7,000 feet (1,100 to 2,100 m). This zone is generally dominated by blackbrush,

4213: 3903: 1511:, another Mary Colter design, was built in 1914. Photography, artwork, books, souvenirs, and rock and fossil specimens are sold here. A great view of Bright Angel Trail can be seen here. 6120: 11117: 1305:

The federal government administrators who manage park resources face many challenges. These include issues related to the recent reintroduction into the wild of the highly endangered

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is shown by clicking the canyon's location on the map and selecting 'Fine Mass' from dropdown box above the map. Visibility is shown by selecting 'Deciview' from the dropdown box.

6182: 7820: 7347:"Revision of the Visibility FIP (Federal Implementation Plan) for Nevada (to include emissions reduction requirements for the Mohave Generating Station): Final Rule Fact Sheet" 6050: 4179: 1874:

The Lower Sonoran life zone spans from the Colorado River up to 3,500 feet (1,100 m). Along the Colorado River and its perennial tributaries, a riparian community exists.

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In 2016, skydiving at the Grand Canyon become possible with the first Grand Canyon Skydiving operation opening up at the Grand Canyon National Park Airport, on the South Rim.

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was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound on a canyon trail. He was under investigation for the murder of his ex-girlfriend which had taken place the day before in

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canyon (following the general tilt). The result is deeper and longer tributary washes and canyons on the north side and shorter and steeper side canyons on the south side.

2172:, which seems to be distributed only near water along the Colorado River, all of the reptiles found near the river also appear in the uplands, but in lower densities. The 5994: 5095: 7410: 7311:

Hurlbut, David J.; Haase, Scott; Brinkman, Gregory; Funk, Kip; Gelman, Rachel; Lantz, Eric; Larney, Christina; Peterson, David; Worley, Christopher; Liebsch, Ed (2012).

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million years ago. In contrast, the "Marble Canyon" and "Westernmost Grand Canyon" segments at the ends of the canyon were carved in the last five to six million years.

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Above the desert scrub and up to 6,200 feet (1,900 m) is a pinyon pine forest and one seed juniper woodland. Within this woodland one can find big sagebrush,

6089: 3927: 1359:(No. 14-17350). The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals again upheld the moratorium in 2017, stating that the Secretary of the Interior held valid withdrawal authority. 4879: 11698: 11035: 7089:"Recommendations for Improving Western Vistas, Report of the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency" 4902: 708:. An area of water bounded by two aquitards is called a confined aquifer, while water below the surface and above an aquitard is called an unconfined aquifer. 490:

million years. The research has aroused considerable controversy because it suggests a substantial departure from prior widely supported scientific consensus.

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strata, and it is also one of the six distinct physiographic sections of the Colorado Plateau province. Even though it is not the deepest canyon in the world (

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also increased the amount of water in the Colorado River drainage system. The ancestral Colorado River responded by cutting its channel faster and deeper.

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Leydsman McGinty, Ellie I.; McGinty, Christopher M. (2009). "Physiography of Utah". In Banner, R. E.; Baldwin, B. D.; Leydsman McGinty, Ellie I. (eds.).

1436:. Emery Kolb showed this movie regularly in his studio until 1976 when he died at the age of 95. Today the building serves as an art gallery and exhibit. 1366: 1365:

was also argued at multiple court levels based on multiple grounds. The Havasupai people and the Grand Canyon Trust sought to block the reopening of the

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In the most recent round of "old river" vs. "young river" controversy, researchers have challenged estimates that had placed the age of the canyon at 5–6

5903: 3366: 1030:, before his second expedition to the Grand Canyon, serving as a diplomat between Powell and the local native tribes to ensure the safety of his party. 11008: 10870: 9478: 7056: 5262: 5189: 2118:. Many snake species, which are not directly dependent on surface water, may be found both within the inner gorge and the Colorado River corridor. Six 8649:

Over the edge : death in Grand Canyon : gripping accounts of all known fatal mishaps in the most famous of the world's seven natural wonders

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For thousands of years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The

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Uncle Sam's camels; the journal of May Humphreys Stacey supplemented by the report of Edward Fitzgerald Beale (1857–1858) edited by Lewis Burt Lesley

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grow in this community. The mammalian fauna in the woodland scrub community consists of 50 species, mostly rodents and bats. Three of the five Park

1158:, and 14 others started to explore the Grand Canyon in poorly designed cedar wood boats, with no life preservers. Brown drowned in an accident near 668:

activity deposited ash and lava over the area, which at times completely obstructed the river. These volcanic rocks are the youngest in the canyon.

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for 11 years. Grand Canyon National Park was finally established as the 17th U.S. National Park by an Act of Congress signed into law by President

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in the 1850s to locate suitable river crossing sites in the canyon. Building good relations with local Hualapai and white settlers, he reached the

736:(C-aquifer), while about a fifth of the Kaibab Plateau was estimated to be an area of high vulnerability for the Redwall-Muav aquifer (R-aquifer). 7183: 6143: 5785: 4278:"Rethinking groundwater flow on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, USA: characterizing recharge sources and flow paths with environmental tracers" 3380: 10562: 10063: 5004: 3796: 3472: 1033: 7289: 5818: 5610: 4202: 4152: 3895: 12138: 11900: 7385: 7353: 1638:

emitted by vegetation in the surrounding forests. Nitrates, carried in from urban areas, stationary sources, and vehicle emissions; as well as

800:. Beginning with the earliest explorations and excavations, researchers have believed that the Ancestral Puebloans are ancestors of the modern 6358: 2727:, near the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado rivers. The disaster killed all 128 passengers and crew members aboard both planes. 1578:

is a rough approximation only, and should not be relied upon for trip planning. For accurate weather in the canyon, hikers should consult the

1077:. His party reached the lower end of Black Canyon on March 8, 1858, then continued on by rowboat past the mouth of the Virgin River after the 11890: 8721: 6963: 6112: 1650: 1462:, located on the Third Mesa in eastern Arizona. It served as a residence for the Hopi Indians who sold arts and crafts to South Rim visitors. 1424:

was built in 1904 by brothers Ellsworth and Emery Kolb. They were photographers who made a living by photographing visitors walking down the

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Tourists wishing for a more vertical perspective can go skydiving, board helicopters and small airplanes in Boulder, Las Vegas, Phoenix and

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Only 48 bird species regularly nest along the river, while others use the river as a migration corridor or as an overwintering habitat. The

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Conceptual models of groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2022–5037

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Yanawant Paiute Places and Landscapes in the Arizona Strip: Volume Two of the Arizona Strip Landscapes and Place Name Study, Part 2, p. 69

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James Ohio Pattie, along with a group of American trappers and mountain men, may have been the next European to reach the canyon, in 1826.

310: 8499: 6716: 5542: 4402: 4090: 3225: 1898:(saltcedar) are the predominant species. Hanging gardens, seeps and springs often contain rare plants such as the white-flowering western 11848: 11578: 11540: 11443: 10865: 9473: 8600: 7153: 7030: 6316: 4786: 4366:"Modeling intrinsic vulnerability of complex karst aquifers: modifying the COP method to account for sinkhole density and fault location" 3137: 2125:

Above the river corridor a desert scrub community, composed of North American desert flora, thrives. Typical warm desert species such as

1645:

A number of actions have been taken to preserve and further improve air quality and visibility at the canyon. In 1990, amendments to the

8400: 7147:"Federal Register 40 CFR Part 51: Regional Haze Regulations and Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Determinations" 6445: 5072: 5033: 10962: 10875: 8534: 7475: 7237:"The Effects of Scrubber Installation at the Navajo Generating Station on Particulate Sulfur and Visibility Levels in the Grand Canyon" 4433: 2892: 619:

of the Colorado River and its tributaries, which in turn has increased their speed and thus their ability to cut through rock (see the

333:

was a major proponent of the preservation of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and enjoy the scenery.

7650: 6174: 3728:"Western U.S. Tectonics: The Origin of the Grand Canyon – Controversy and Tectonic Implications – SYNTHESIS AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS" 1626:

throughout much of the year, and emissions from Arizona's copper smelter region, borne on southerly or southeasterly winds during the

11552: 10988: 10979: 10544: 10498: 10425: 8456: 7812: 4175: 5451: 5325: 4808: 3101: 11866: 11859: 11792: 11782: 11219: 11030: 10918: 10522: 6594: 6467: 4652: 4121: 2291:

have made the eastern part of the Park their home, having been re-introduced to the Colorado Plateau on the Arizona Strip earlier.

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of 1906 which gave Roosevelt the power to create national monuments. Once the act was passed, Roosevelt immediately added adjacent

138: 6822: 3308:

Spencer, J.E.; Patchett, P.J.; Pearthree, P.A.; House, P.K.; Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M.; Wan, E.; Roskowski, J.A.; Faulds, J.E. (2013).

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The Park contains several major ecosystems. Its great biological diversity can be attributed to the presence of five of the seven

1240: 12053: 11718: 11018: 11013: 10939: 10503: 9510: 4251: 1774: 1279: 11703: 8048: 7095: 5228: 2601:, which features a narrow peninsula surrounded on all sides by steep dropoffs. On the north side of the canyon to the west, the 1142:

William H. Dunn were murdered. The area through which the three men traveled was marked by tensions between farming and hunting

980:

to California in 1776. They eventually found a crossing, formerly known as the "Crossing of the Fathers", that today lies under

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Elevations of 8,200 to 9,000 feet (2,500 to 2,700 m) are in the Canadian Life Zone, which includes the North Rim and the

2251:, 2008. Wild condors are numbered to aid wildlife researchers. As of April 2009, there were 172 wild California condors known. 1089: 11585: 10998: 8824: 8379: 8131: 5132: 4973: 4489: 3183: 3131: 1562:

extreme conditions, and this, along with the high altitude of the canyon's rims, can lead to unpleasant side effects such as

336:

Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their

105: 17: 4629: 1973:

cut willows, cottonwoods, and shrubs for food, and can significantly affect the riparian vegetation. Other rodents, such as

1634:. Organic particles result from vehicle emissions, long-range transport from urban areas, and forest fires, as well as from 973: 11403: 11157: 10993: 10807: 10390: 9252: 7547: 6577: 4849: 1374: 786:

Archaeologists still debate when this distinct culture emerged. The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the

8269: 7784: 7439: 6784:"US Annual Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of PM2.5, Light Extinction and Contributions of Major Aerosol Types, 1996 – 1998" 6513: 3310:"Review and analysis of the age and origin of the Pliocene Bouse Formation, lower Colorado River Valley, southwestern USA" 12153: 12118: 11805: 11787: 11777: 11764: 11681: 10880: 10056: 9814: 9257: 8225: 7672:

Okun, Daniel A. (May 2000). "Water Reclamation and Unrestricted Nonpotable Reuse: A New Tool in Urban Water Management".

7321: 6755: 5376: 2693: 2526: 7180:"RA BART (Reasonably Attributable Best Available Retrofit Technology) Case Study, Navajo Generating Station, Appendix C" 5287: 4931: 11506: 11397: 10845: 10817: 8656: 8631: 7314:

Navajo Generating Station and Air Visibility Regulations: Alternatives and Impacts: Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-53024

7234:

Green, Mark; Farber, Rob; Lien, Nghi; Gebhart, Kristi; Molenar, John; Iyer, Hari; Eatough, Delbert (November 1, 2005).

6439: 6352: 6310: 6081: 5922:"On-going experiment in high-volume CO River releases from Glen Canyon Dam set | Arizona Department of Water Resources" 5760: 5726: 5692: 5066: 4714: 4666: 4609: 4531: 3928:"Unroofing, incision, and uplift history of the southwestern Colorado Plateau from apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry" 3636: 3360: 3251: 2747: 2649: 1661: 1177: 458: 72: 11723: 11686: 11562: 11517: 11273: 11214: 11111: 10752: 10410: 9965: 9463: 9390: 4871: 2597:

in 2007, which has since attracted "thousands of visitors a year, most from Las Vegas". Also at Grand Canyon West is

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on January 11, 1908. Opponents such as land and mining claim holders blocked efforts to reclassify the monument as a

797: 645:(its lowest point). This increased the rate of erosion and cut nearly all of the Grand Canyon's current depth by 1.2 9980: 9344: 9278: 9244: 8935: 7206: 5841: 5661: 4751: 745: 453: 5872: 1154:

In 1889, Frank M. Brown wanted to build a railroad along the Colorado River to carry coal. He, his chief engineer

954: 946: 935: 931: 882:

eastwards towards the Four Corners. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests the Navajo descended from the

360: 12148: 11926: 11341: 11162: 11147: 11123: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 10950: 10291: 9337: 2730:

This accident led to the institution of high-altitude airways and direct radar observation of aircraft (known as

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to the west were similarly found to affect visibility in the canyon. The plant was required to have installed SO

969: 965: 807:

In addition to the Ancestral Puebloans, a number of distinct cultures have inhabited the Grand Canyon area. The

11814: 11420: 11353: 10942: 10757: 10049: 10012: 9945: 9351: 9262: 8774: 8350: 5429: 4658: 11260: 3499:"A geological journey through the deepest gorge on Earth: the Kali Gandaki valley section, west-central Nepal" 11935: 11381: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11204: 11187: 9505: 9495: 8905: 5907: 3697:"Western U.S. Tectonics: The Origin of the Grand Canyon – Controversy and Tectonic Implications – Intro page" 3528:

Marlatt, William; Riehl, Herbert (December 15, 1963). "Precipitation regimes over the upper Colorado River".

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In 1956, the Grand Canyon was the site of the deadliest commercial aviation disaster in history at the time.

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Jones, Natalie A.; Hansen, Jered; Springer, Abraham E.; Valle, Cynthia; Tobin, Benjamin W. (December 2019).

3350: 11535: 11471: 11415: 10974: 10911: 10822: 10320: 10296: 9995: 9684: 9451: 9129: 6787: 6383: 5154: 3727: 3696: 2705: 2370: 1445: 1429: 318: 231: 11025: 6616: 6543: 6011: 11995: 11693: 11661: 11656: 11546: 11426: 11230: 11128: 10802: 10360: 10007: 10000: 9985: 9726: 9500: 8983: 2902: 2882: 2609: 2374: 1542: 1354: 1037: 376: 7062:. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University. Archived from 6051:"Secretary Salazar Announces Decision to Withdraw Public Lands near Grand Canyon from New Mining Claims" 5346: 1825:

slopes receive the full amount of sunlight and are covered in vegetation typical of the Sonoran Desert.

522:

results suggesting that parts of the Grand Canyon had reached a depth near to the modern depth around 20

11466: 11461: 10812: 10797: 10567: 9794: 9596: 9485: 8895: 8850: 7785:"Climate Change, Development, and Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in Grand Canyon National Park" 7179: 6339: 5777: 3388: 2870: 2584:. Grand Canyon National Park also has a visitor center in an easterly area known as the North Rim, via 2565: 1962: 1612: 302: 7124: 4996: 3788: 3463: 1309:, air tour overflight noise levels, water rights and management disputes, and forest fire management. 12128: 12019: 11824: 11624: 11567: 11437: 11105: 11045: 10792: 9990: 9872: 9716: 9679: 9674: 9536: 9515: 9456: 7378: 6270:"Biden designates new national monument surrounding the Grand Canyon, blocking mining | CNN Politics" 5810: 5602: 4462: 4144: 1684: 1635: 1482: 493:

In a 2008 study, Victor Polyak examined caves near the Grand Canyon and placed their origins about 17

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There are many viewing points on all sides of the canyon, with the most accessible locations inside

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and traveled along the north rim of the canyon in Glen and Marble Canyons in search of a route from

11853: 11713: 11649: 11500: 11408: 11323: 11241: 10345: 9769: 9759: 9744: 9312: 9293: 6754:. Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). March 19, 1999. Archived from 4582: 2973: 1579: 1083: 8819: 7346: 6910: 6204:

Tillman, Fred D.; Beisner, Kimberly R.; Anderson, Jessica R.; Unema, Joel A. (November 16, 2021).

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In 2014, a developer announced plans to build a multimedia complex on the canyon's rim called the

1138:, on July 17. Continuing on down the Colorado River, the party encountered more rapids and falls. 12133: 12092: 12058: 12007: 11989: 11879: 11598: 11299: 11209: 11199: 11135: 11003: 10904: 10716: 10706: 10678: 10638: 10458: 9950: 9799: 9739: 9706: 9586: 9551: 9446: 9114: 8993: 8880: 8674:"Former MLB player suspected of killing ex-girlfriend found dead of self-inflicted gunshot wound" 4467: 4333: 3602: 1411: 1275: 1155: 1072: 1048: 1019: 1011: 620: 583: 30:

This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. For other Grand Canyons, see

6985: 5398: 4551: 4526:(Third ed.). North Palm Beach, Florida: National Photographic Collections. pp. 12–13. 11431: 11348: 10953: 10850: 10747: 10453: 9832: 9779: 9774: 9764: 9754: 9734: 9576: 9431: 9077: 8830: 8491: 7146: 4365: 3820:"Age and evolution of the Grand Canyon revealed by U-Pb dating of water table-type speleothems" 3222: 2623: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2090:

have been identified in and around Grand Canyon National Park. Of the aquatic species, two are

1627: 1547: 1514: 1403: 1291: 1052: 950: 441: 306: 8802: 7579:"Colorado River flow dwindles as warming-driven loss of reflective snow energizes evaporation" 7054: 7019: 6300: 4774: 3121: 1392:

There are several historic buildings located along the South Rim with most in the vicinity of

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multiple factors and geologic processes have interacted over time and in different locations.

462:

Diagram showing the placement, age and thickness of the rock units exposed in the Grand Canyon

12113: 12013: 12001: 11885: 11819: 11557: 11523: 11482: 11449: 11194: 10839: 10483: 10433: 10340: 9975: 9907: 9789: 9654: 9441: 9383: 9357: 9321: 9177: 8890: 8843: 8781: – bibliography of the Grand Canyon. 37,462 items produced between 1540 and the present. 8729: 8393: 8329: 8277: 8233: 8187: 8139: 8100: 8056: 8017: 7953: 7893: 6911:"Source Contributions to Visibility Impairment in the Southeastern and Western United States" 6429: 5056: 5027: 4706: 4475: 3588: 2911: 2821: 2779: 2659: 2641: 2418: 2204: 2076: 1883: 1740: 1673: 927: 835: 627: 8531: 7467: 4575: 4425: 1773:

Park's flora is exotic. Sixty-three plants found here have been given special status by the

1527:

was built of logs and stone in 1935. Mary Colter designed the lodge and it was built by the

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in 1905. It is based on structures that were built in an ancient Hopi settlement called Old

704:. More permeable areas of rock that hold and transport groundwater underground are known as 551:

The major geologic exposures in the Grand Canyon range in age from the two-billion-year-old

12031: 11835: 11636: 11630: 11608: 11572: 11511: 11254: 11225: 10787: 10633: 10612: 10405: 10330: 9837: 9804: 9784: 9749: 9609: 9566: 9561: 9436: 9155: 8978: 8968: 8900: 7642: 7590: 7510: 7249: 6923: 6217: 4378: 4289: 4030: 3940: 3834: 3653: 3537: 3426: 3321: 3280: 3012: 2594: 2502: 2463: 2169: 2150: 2138: 2080: 2020: 1993:

are the most numerous riparian predators and prey on invertebrates, rodents, and reptiles.

1908: 1697: 1498: 1393: 1249: 1169:

The Grand Canyon became an official national monument in 1908 and a national park in 1919.

1123: 1111: 1103: 977: 899: 839: 787: 654: 4276:

Solder, John E.; Beisner, Kimberly R.; Anderson, Jessica; Bills, Don J. (August 1, 2020).

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were a cultural group occupying an area to the southeast of the Grand Canyon, between the

478:

The Grand Canyon is part of the Colorado River basin, which has developed over the past 70

8: 12072: 12025: 11603: 11530: 11336: 11304: 10643: 10552: 9897: 9699: 9581: 9571: 9531: 9328: 9119: 9008: 9003: 8973: 6717:"Grand Canyon News Release – Fire Managers Prepare to Implement Several Prescribed Fires" 5317: 3471:. Logan, Utah, USA: Utah State University Cooperative Extension Service. pp. 24–28. 3098: 2887: 2787: 2731: 2377:, is a particularly abundant inhabitant of the piñon-juniper and ponderosa pine forests. 2335: 2331: 2158: 1944: 1899: 1887: 1818: 1696:, a nitrate precursor, by 40% The plant shut down completely in 2019. Emissions from the 1528: 1521:

watchtowers, though, with four levels, it is significantly taller than historical towers.

1518: 1263: 883: 879: 767: 754: 633:

The base level and course of the Colorado River (or its ancestral equivalent) changed 5.3

587: 504: 8784: 7685: 7594: 7514: 7253: 6993:(2nd ed.). Lakewood, Colorado: National Park Service Air Resources Division. 2002. 6927: 6598: 6221: 4997:"Rim to River and Inner Canyon Trails – Nature, Culture and History at the Grand Canyon" 4382: 4293: 4113: 4034: 3944: 3838: 3657: 3541: 3430: 3325: 3284: 3016: 2608:

Rafting, hiking, running, and helicopter tours are also popular in the canyon area. The

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Rafters in the Grand Canyon pass one of the rapids of the (mud-)"colored" Colorado River

1051:

was superintendent of an expedition to survey a wagon road along the 35th parallel from

11977: 11918: 11493: 11488: 11391: 11386: 11317: 10885: 10721: 10711: 10673: 10493: 10415: 9932: 9847: 9556: 9541: 9423: 9299: 9182: 9134: 9102: 8943: 8461: 8092: 7624: 7528: 7281: 6955: 6814: 6246: 6205: 5653: 4743: 4598: 4394: 4315: 4064: 3866: 2876: 2770:, Thomas M. Myers, a journalist and author, documents every death in the Grand Canyon. 2494: 2490: 2176:, a threatened species, inhabits the desert scrublands in the western end of the park. 2146: 2142: 2098:(snails). Twenty-six species of terrestrial gastropods have been identified, primarily 1903: 1524: 1493: 1486: 1425: 1373:

Canyon region. At 95% of sites, maximum observed uranium concentrations were below the

1295: 1163: 1118: 1027: 681: 642: 638: 592: 423: 330: 327:

Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument

8521: 7177: 5483:"Louis Boucher: Canadian Guide of the Grand Canyon | Canadian Cowboy Country Magazine" 5220: 4732:"The Route of James O. Pattie on the Colorado in 1826: A Reappraisal by A. L. Kroeber" 4242: 3819: 2287:

sites are plentiful along the steep canyon walls. Also, several critically endangered

1448:." It consists of 4 stories, with a gift shop and restaurant located inside the hotel. 532:

in 2012, she suggested that the western part of the Grand Canyon could be as old as 70

12079: 11643: 11280: 11267: 10438: 10375: 9940: 9902: 9892: 9862: 9857: 9842: 9822: 9659: 9306: 9082: 9052: 9023: 8915: 8885: 8652: 8627: 8526: 8321: 7697: 7689: 7628: 7616: 7608: 7532: 7273: 7265: 7088: 6947: 6939: 6435: 6348: 6306: 6251: 6233: 5756: 5722: 5688: 5645: 5190:"Oramel G. Howland (1833–1869) Seneca B. Howland (1843–1869) William Dunn (? – 1869)" 5062: 4710: 4699: 4662: 4605: 4527: 4398: 4319: 4307: 4056: 4048: 3956: 3870: 3858: 3850: 3669: 3632: 3498: 3444: 3356: 3247: 3127: 3028: 2589: 2435: 2398: 2394: 2288: 2240: 2200: 2126: 1974: 1891: 1602:

Smoke from prescribed fires on the South Rim, as seen from Yavapai Point, April 2007.

1502: 1415: 1306: 1162:: Stanton made new boats and proceeded to explore the Colorado all of the way to the 792: 720:

The flow of groundwater in the Grand Canyon region is influenced in multiple ways by

596: 528: 499: 8425: 8009: 7945: 7548:"Climate Change Threatens Colorado River And the Water Supply for 40 Million People" 7285: 7236: 6959: 6844: 6690: 6664: 6638: 6573: 5953:"Lake Powell water level: Feds announce measures to help Glen Canyon Dam hydropower" 5572: 4068: 2588:; the center and the road are closed in winter months. On the Hualapai reservation, 1704:

scrubbers, but was instead shut down in 2005, completely eliminating its emissions.

11040: 10762: 10335: 10235: 9887: 9867: 9852: 9827: 9694: 9669: 9664: 9634: 9619: 9614: 9546: 9490: 9413: 9376: 9047: 7885: 7681: 7598: 7518: 7261: 7257: 6931: 6786:. Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE). Archived from 6241: 6225: 5921: 5512: 5155:"Powell's 1869 Journey Down the Green and Colorado Rivers – Utah Geological Survey" 4456: 4386: 4297: 4038: 3948: 3842: 3677: 3661: 3545: 3434: 3329: 3288: 3191: 3020: 2957: 2924: 2918: 2835: 2751: 2483: 2414: 2406: 2362: 2280: 2216: 2196: 2134: 1940: 1936: 1917: 1654: 1649:

established the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission (GCVTC) to advise the

1479: 1455: 1225: 1056: 887: 776: 612: 556: 519: 411: 352: 341: 8375: 8179: 7720:"Grand Canyon National Park Settles On Plan To Replace Transcanyon Water Pipeline" 6879:"Will power plant's closure help clear the air, restore the view of Grand Canyon?" 5375:. United States Geological Survey. Geological Survey Bulletin 1508. Archived from 5124: 4965: 4497: 3580: 2921:– gorge in northeastern Pennsylvania also known as the "Pennsylvania Grand Canyon" 2675: 2373:. There are a variety of snakes and lizards here, but one species of reptile, the 12048: 11751: 11310: 11291: 11172: 11167: 10731: 10683: 10577: 10448: 10400: 10380: 10325: 10240: 10222: 10217: 10145: 9917: 9882: 9649: 9198: 9032: 8958: 8778: 8725: 8538: 5355: 4625: 3229: 3105: 2965: 2709: 2614: 2350: 2327: 2260: 2212: 2179:

Some of the common insects found at elevations above 2,000 feet (610 m) are

2130: 1879: 1806: 1707: 1313: 1283: 1212: 867: 780: 721: 616: 345: 48: 8755: 6935: 4841: 2548: 10927: 10860: 10602: 10517: 10473: 10350: 10301: 10072: 10031: 9912: 9689: 9629: 9203: 9150: 9109: 9018: 8551:"Navajo Nation Votes Down Controversial Hotel and Tram Project at Grand Canyon" 7312: 6229: 4390: 4302: 4277: 2807: 2783: 2498: 2447: 2431: 2188: 1802: 1757: 1508: 1440: 1433: 1343: 1299: 1245: 1208: 1069: 1041: 898:

Hopi communities, the Grand Canyon was the location humankind arose out of the

725: 650: 432: 337: 291: 274: 54: 5422:"Quest for the pillar of gold : The mines and miners of the Grand Canyon" 3196: 1598: 1399: 12107: 11950: 11873: 11591: 11248: 10507: 10443: 10370: 10365: 10355: 10259: 9922: 9877: 9644: 9604: 9087: 9062: 9042: 8963: 8953: 8948: 8925: 8759: 8718: 8316: 8264: 8220: 8174: 8126: 8087: 8043: 8004: 7940: 7880: 7693: 7612: 7269: 6943: 6237: 5649: 4311: 4052: 3960: 3925:

Flowers, R. M.; Wernicke, B. P.; Farley, K. A. (May 1, 2008).

3854: 3673: 3575: 3448: 3032: 2949: 2858: 2849: 2479: 2382: 2248: 2244: 1990: 1978: 1928: 1913: 1838: 1833: 1798: 1642:

from forest fires and vehicle emissions, also contribute to a lesser extent.

1312:

The canyon's ecosystem was permanently changed after the construction of the

1267: 1197: 1159: 1094: 1055:

to the Colorado River. He led a small party of men in search of water on the

1023: 1007: 999: 875: 801: 552: 322: 253: 240: 7603: 7578: 4730:

Kroeber, A. L.; Kroeber, Clifton B.; Euler, R. C.; Schreoder, A. H. (1964).

4426:"LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)" 4043: 4018: 3846: 3549: 2719:

The wreckage of both planes fell into the eastern portion of the canyon, on

2556: 2031:

The insect species commonly found in the river corridor and tributaries are

1719: 919: 11983: 11100: 10855: 10767: 10607: 10512: 10204: 9955: 9711: 9639: 9289:

National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Canyon National Park

9165: 9160: 9124: 9092: 9067: 9037: 8920: 8582:"How Many People Die in the Grand Canyon and is it Becoming Too Dangerous?" 7701: 7643:"Park Statistics – Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service)" 7620: 7277: 7055:

William C. Malm, Air Resources Division, National Park Service (May 1999).

6951: 6255: 4060: 3862: 2864: 2720: 2712: 2386: 2323: 2264: 2235: 2192: 2111: 1948: 1875: 1639: 1466: 943: 771: 568: 471: 3681: 27:

Steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States

11708: 11455: 11177: 11141: 10726: 10701: 10668: 10663: 10653: 10648: 10617: 10527: 10488: 10478: 10385: 10248: 10230: 10209: 9208: 9172: 9097: 9072: 9057: 9013: 8998: 8910: 8744: 7523: 7498: 3355:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Albuquerque, NM: UNM Press. p. 11. 2724: 2598: 2482:, grow in this sub-alpine climate. Mountain lions, Kaibab squirrels, and 2443: 2439: 2346: 2220: 2119: 1810: 1571: 1563: 1421: 1336: 1229: 1219: 1201: 981: 693: 689: 415: 395: 10041: 5657: 5633: 4747: 4731: 3349:

Mitchell, Douglas R.; Lippert, Dorothy; Brunson-Hadley, Judy L. (2004).

1923: 1553: 688:

Groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region is an active area of study.

390: 382: 371: 11618: 11375: 10592: 10582: 10557: 10463: 10395: 10119: 10098: 9970: 9960: 9399: 9213: 6144:"Uranium mine near Grand Canyon permitted by court, despite mining ban" 3439: 3415:"A pre–21st century history of ideas on the origin of the Grand Canyon" 3414: 3334: 3309: 3293: 3268: 2475: 2467: 2402: 2390: 2115: 2099: 2095: 2044: 1956: 1935:

The three most common amphibians in these riparian communities are the

1623: 1608: 1474: 1451: 1328: 1193: 1135: 1131: 1015: 403: 356: 10189: 6749:"Project MOHAVE (Measurement of Haze and Visual Effects) Final Report" 4626:"Discovery of the Athabascan Origin of the Apache and Navajo Language" 2302: 1668: 11330: 10658: 10587: 10183: 10171: 9229: 7754:"Grand Canyon restricts water use after water pipeline damaged again" 3952: 3665: 3024: 2459: 2358: 2315: 2284: 2256: 2224: 2208: 2184: 2154: 2060: 2048: 2036: 2016: 1862: 1318: 820: 419: 399: 8771: 6302:

The Grand Canyon: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture

6206:"An assessment of uranium in groundwater in the Grand Canyon region" 5543:"Charles Spencer collection, 1910–1920 Spencer (Charles) collection" 5421: 4019:"Apatite 4He/3He and (U-Th)/He Evidence for an Ancient Grand Canyon" 1465:

Verkamp's Curios, which stands next to the Hopi House, was built by

359:

to it. The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was

10177: 10105: 9368: 9234: 7497:

Xiao, Mu; Udall, Bradley; Lettenmaier, Dennis P. (September 2018).

6113:"Arizona continues to push for new uranium mines near Grand Canyon" 6012:"United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit No. 14-17350" 4145:"Debate over the origins of the Grand Canyon - Albuquerque Journal" 2572:

Indian Reservation. About 90% of tourists visit the South Rim from

2569: 2506: 2366: 2268: 2180: 2173: 2162: 2091: 2087: 2072: 2068: 2008: 1986: 1323: 1143: 1122:

Walter, and collected provisions for ten months. They set out from

863: 824: 808: 705: 701: 314: 4496:. Hewit Institute, University of Northern Colorado. Archived from 1274:

Roosevelt along with other members of his conservation group, the

526:

million years ago. In a subsequent study published in the journal

386:

The Grand Canyon from an airplane, with the Colorado River visible

10896: 10133: 10091: 9403: 8827: – view looking southwesterly, showing North Rim and Canyon. 6415:

National Park Service Rustic: Historic Architecture of California

6341:

Architecture in the Parks: National Historic Landmark Theme Study

5607:

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)

4966:"The Colorado Exploring Expedition (Ives Expedition) (1857–1858)" 4524:

Secrets in The Grand Canyon, Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks

2471: 2342:

are found at the park's higher elevations on the Kaibab Plateau.

1996: 1966: 1965:

may have disappeared from the park in the late 20th century, and

1959:

is one species that uses the river corridor as a winter habitat.

1895: 1631: 1567: 1235: 958: 831: 811:

lived to the west of the Grand Canyon, between 500 and 1200

515: 511:

deposits found on the walls of nine caves throughout the canyon.

508: 497:

million years ago. The study, which was published in the journal

295: 216: 58: 1586:

weather radio or the official National Weather Service website.

1040:'s photograph of the Grand Canyon, taken in 1872 as part of the 972:

were two Spanish priests who, with a group of Spanish soldiers,

559:

on the Rim. There is a gap of about a billion years between 1.75

10152: 10112: 8835: 7352:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. June 6, 2001. 7152:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 6, 2005. 6801: 6612: 3269:"Geomorphic constraints on the age of the western Grand Canyon" 2410: 2272: 2056: 2040: 2024: 2012: 2004: 2000: 1982: 1970: 1850: 1846: 1769: 1761: 1459: 1147: 1114:

became probably the first geologist to visit the Grand Canyon.

1003: 903: 544:

million years ago, and the "Eastern Grand Canyon" was cut 15–25

427:

of the early geologic history of the North American continent.

287: 10165: 8601:"This Grim Map Shows How People Have Died at the Grand Canyon" 6347:(1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior. 3818:

Polyak, Victor; Hill, Carol; Asmerom, Yemane (March 7, 2008).

2015:

are also present but are much rarer. Ungulate species such as

696:. The composition of the earth in a given area determines its 375:

Image of the Grand Canyon and surrounding area taken from the

11959: 8797: 4017:

Flowers, R. M.; Farley, K. A. (December 21, 2012).

3348: 3307: 3047:"Pueblos join forces to oppose Grand Canyon Escalade Project" 2455: 2451: 2354: 2319: 2032: 816: 713: 555:

at the bottom of the Inner Gorge to the 270-million-year-old

466: 8376:"Operating Hours & Seasons – Grand Canyon National Park" 7813:"Groundwater Decline and Depletion | U.S. Geological Survey" 7178:

Mike Sundblom, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.

6741: 4729: 750: 582:

million years ago, intermittent sediments began to form the

444:) is limited during the winter season due to road closures. 10126: 8739: 7171: 7120: 6203: 4809:"Canyon Club hosts presentation on Crossing of the Fathers" 3637:"The California River and its role in carving Grand Canyon" 2928: 2510: 2314:

The conifer forests provide habitat for 52 mammal species.

2103: 2064: 2052: 1765: 1583: 1428:. In 1911, the Kolb brothers filmed their journey down the 1253: 871: 847: 770:

were a Native American culture centered on the present-day

717:

Uinkaret-Kanab, Marble-Shinumo, Cataract, and Blue Spring.

571:

indicates a long period for which no deposits are present.

4275: 4250:. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. 1679:

In the early 1990s, studies indicated that emissions of SO

692:

forms when rain soaks down into the earth and reaches the

11844:

Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs

2702: 2339: 2310:

searching for water at Grand Canyon National Park in 2018

2307: 7413:. U.S. National Park Service. March 2012. Archived from 7310: 5987:"Demand for uranium threatens Grand Canyon biodiversity" 5904:"Three-Day Grand Canyon Flood Aims to Restore Ecosystem" 4362: 2227:

can be found in the desert scrub and higher elevations.

1849:

species found along the Colorado River corridor, 18 are

7499:"On the Causes of Declining Colorado River Streamflows" 6499:

Statements on Architectural and Historical Significance

6468:"Verkamp's building reopens with exhibits on community" 3461: 2298:

Red-tailed Hawk flying at the south rim of Grand Canyon

1653:

on strategies for protecting visual air quality on the

7233: 6384:"National Park Service: Rustic Architecture 1916–1942" 5420:

Billingsley, George; Spamer, Earle (January 1, 1997).

3002: 2023:

frequent the river corridor. Since the removal of 500

431:

The uplift of the Colorado Plateau is uneven, and the

8457:"Where 2 Rivers Meet, Visions for Grand Canyon Clash" 7242:

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

6916:

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

3988:"New research revives debate over Grand Canyon's age" 3924: 3595: 3244:

Carving Grand Canyon: Evidence, Theories, and Mystery

2071:. Numerous species of spiders and several species of 1630:. Airborne soils originate with windy conditions and 11944:

Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century

7496: 4907:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 100. 4775:"New light on Pattie and the southwestern fur trade" 3120:

Kiver, Eugene P.; Harris, David V. (June 15, 1999).

2797: 2640:

A 6-minute video of a flight over the Grand Canyon (

7094:. Western Regional Air Partnership. June 10, 1996. 6175:"Court greenlights uranium mine in national forest" 6082:"Grand Canyon Uranium Decisions Loom Large in 2017" 4939:. El Centro, Calif.: Imperial Irrigation District. 3075:

University of Utah Press. Salt Lake City, UT: 2000.

2458:, along with several species of perennial grasses, 1692:

SOFA burners in 2009–2011, reducing emissions of NO

1215:(17th of John Lee's 19 wives), James Simpson Emmett 878:, or Diné, live in a wide area stretching from the 853:

By the time of the arrival of Europeans in the 16th

514:In another 2008 study, Rebecca Flowers reported on 10871:Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 8573: 8543: 7747: 7745: 7235: 7208:2019 Visibility Protection Under the Clean Air Act 6909: 6778: 6776: 6434:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. 5061:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 236–238. 4698: 4597: 4574: 4455: 4364: 3926: 3889: 3887: 3352:Ancient Burial Practices in the American Southwest 1172: 909: 355:considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made 7411:"Grand Canyon National Park Fire Management Plan" 7211:. SJ Quinney College of Law, University of Utah. 6501:. National Park Service, Western Regional Office. 6431:Visiting the Grand Canyon: Views of Early Tourism 5419: 4454: 4203:"The Pressure on Groundwater in the Grand Canyon" 3817: 3232:National Park Service Retrieved November 17, 2009 1541:Canyon region are generally dry, but substantial 846:. The Sinagua may have been ancestors of several 595:, which contains abundant geological evidence of 301:The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within 12105: 11830:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 8622:Ghiglieri, Michael P.; Myers, Thomas M. (2001). 8579: 7577:Milly, P. C. D.; Dunne, K. A. (March 13, 2020). 7440:"Grand Canyon National Park Climate Action Plan" 6845:"Park Air Profiles – Grand Canyon National Park" 5373:The Geologic Story of Colorado National Monument 4650: 4604:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. 3455: 790:, suggests their emergence was around 1200 603:also were deposited in non-marine environments. 8486: 8484: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8114: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7930: 7742: 6908:Brewer, Patricia; Moore, Tom (September 2009). 6773: 4628:. Watkins, Thayer – San Jose State University. 3884: 3609:. National Park Service; US Dept. of Interior. 2230: 1801:influences the western sections of the canyon, 1756:There are approximately 1,737 known species of 1672:Natural fog sometimes fills the canyon, during 623:of the Colorado River for present conditions). 325:. The surrounding area is contained within the 11901:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill 8621: 8592: 8454: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7751: 5631: 3896:"60-Million-Year Debate on Grand Canyon's Age" 3266: 3088:Jeffrey Norton Publishers. Guilford, CT: 1995. 1236:Federal protection: National Monument and Park 684:, represents ground water reaching the surface 11891:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation 10912: 10057: 9384: 8851: 8349:. Northern Arizona University. Archived from 8077: 8075: 8073: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7713: 7711: 7379:"Kaibab National Forest Fire Management Plan" 6589: 6587: 6110: 5778:"The Man Who Tried to Claim the Grand Canyon" 4692: 4690: 4240: 4016: 2086:Eleven aquatic and 26 terrestrial species of 1856: 9284:List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park 8481: 8291: 8247: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8156: 6691:"Grand Canyon National Park Climate Summary" 6665:"Grand Canyon National Park Climate Summary" 6639:"Grand Canyon National Park Climate Summary" 5687:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. 5573:"The Tunnels In Mooney Falls, Havasu Canyon" 4577:The Cohonina culture of northwestern Arizona 4566: 4241:Knight, Jacob E.; Huntoon, Peter W. (2022). 3759:"Study Says Grand Canyon Older Than Thought" 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3527: 3184:"A deeper understanding of the Grand Canyon" 2898:List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park 2605:has no paved roads and no visitor services. 2165:species live in the desert scrub community. 1805:vegetation covers the eastern sections, and 783:for "enemy ancestors" or "alien ancestors". 470:Rockfalls in recent times, along with other 406:true-color satellite image. Scale 1:450,000. 340:through layer after layer of rock while the 11579:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education 11444:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 10866:International Boundary and Water Commission 8798:Grand Canyon Chamber & Visitor's Bureau 8344:"Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism" 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 7967: 7907: 6907: 5721:. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. 5426:Grand Canyon Association (Monograph No. 10) 5403:National Geographic Visitor Center, Arizona 4651:Courlander, Harold; Harmon, Daniel (1971). 3631: 3119: 2998: 2996: 2413:have been identified in these forests. The 1912:. Endangered fish in the river include the 1688:visibility. The plant also installed low-NO 599:sand dune deposition. Several parts of the 10919: 10905: 10064: 10050: 9391: 9377: 8858: 8844: 8226:"Insects, Spiders, Centipedes, Millipedes" 8070: 7835: 7708: 7576: 7048: 6584: 6427: 6045: 6043: 6019:United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit 5755:. Grand Canyon, Arizona: Northland Press. 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5029:Report Upon the Colorado River of the West 4687: 3073:Navajo Places. History, Legend, Landscape. 2893:List of Colorado River rapids and features 2665: 2580:. Further east along the South Rim is the 1444:for a rustic appearance sometimes called " 1134:with the Colorado River, near present-day 410:The Grand Canyon is a river valley in the 11553:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916 10071: 8728: (archived August 30, 2010) from the 8646: 8153: 7782: 7717: 7602: 7522: 7384:. U.S. Forest Service. January 31, 2011. 6872: 6870: 6511: 6331: 6299:Moore, Randy; Witt, Kara Felicia (2018). 6298: 6245: 5870: 5864: 4581:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 4301: 4236: 4234: 4194: 4042: 3985: 3979: 3894:Wilford, John Noble (November 29, 2012). 3750: 3556: 3438: 3408: 3406: 3333: 3292: 3235: 3195: 3039: 2425: 1014:, crossed the location that would become 942:In September 1540, under orders from the 938:can be seen overlooking the Grand Canyon. 12159:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites 11860:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial 8989:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument 8831:Grand Canyon – Street View – Google Maps 8745:Grand Canyon Backcountry Use Areas – Map 8418: 8201: 8031: 7304: 6496: 6337: 6172: 6166: 6055:United States Department of the Interior 6006: 6004: 5980: 5978: 5842:"History of the Boone and Crockett Club" 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5243: 5125:"Shipping a boat over land west in 1869" 5058:Westering Man: The Life of Joseph Walker 4572: 4517: 4515: 4334:"Mystery of Grand Canyon's water supply" 4176:"The Hypothesis of Differential Erosion" 3719: 3688: 3267:Darling, Andrew; Whipple, Kelin (2015). 3177: 3175: 3086:Navajo Place Names. An observer's guide. 2993: 2931:, one of the largest in the Solar System 2674: 2628: 2603:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument 2555: 2547: 2301: 2293: 2234: 2122:species have been recorded in the park. 1922: 1832: 1779: 1723:Grand Canyon Climate Summary Chart (NPS) 1718: 1667: 1597: 1552: 1473: 1398: 1342: 1258: 1239: 1176: 1088: 1032: 918: 749: 675: 465: 457: 389: 381: 370: 311:Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument 12054:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society 11019:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination 8785:Grand Canyon Explorer: History timeline 8598: 8588:from the original on February 19, 2017. 7801:from the original on February 27, 2022. 7539: 7327:from the original on September 25, 2012 7198: 6978: 6901: 6580:from the original on February 10, 2016. 6197: 6173:Grzincic, Barbara (February 23, 2022). 6040: 5997:from the original on February 26, 2017. 5846:University of Montana Mansfield Library 5805: 5803: 5775: 5753:Mary Colter, builder upon the red earth 5750: 5735: 5719:Mary Colter, architect of the Southwest 5682: 5409:from the original on February 19, 2016. 5268:from the original on September 26, 2020 5212: 5177: 5093: 5054: 5048: 4696: 4595: 4589: 4436:from the original on September 20, 2020 4083:"Grand Canyon as old as the dinosaurs?" 3918: 3893: 3781: 3756: 3725: 3694: 3223:Geologic Formations of the Grand Canyon 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3115: 3113: 2534: 2509:. The wettest areas support sedges and 991: 862:century, occupying an area the size of 14: 12106: 11773:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election 11183:American Commission to Negotiate Peace 8671: 8502:from the original on December 18, 2010 8448: 8406:from the original on November 23, 2023 7653:from the original on February 28, 2015 7570: 7545: 7434: 7432: 7227: 7204: 6867: 6815:"Air Quality at Grand Canyon National" 6671:from the original on September 2, 2012 6645:from the original on September 2, 2012 6478:from the original on February 13, 2023 6406: 5852:from the original on February 25, 2017 5685:Dave Rust : a life in the canyons 5432:from the original on February 13, 2023 5122: 5116: 5075:from the original on February 13, 2023 5007:from the original on September 4, 2022 4900: 4836: 4834: 4632:from the original on November 12, 2014 4269: 4231: 4210:UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences 3811: 3738:from the original on February 13, 2023 3707:from the original on February 13, 2023 3645:Geological Society of America Bulletin 3603:"Winter on the North Rim (off-season)" 3412: 3403: 3241: 3216: 3182:Witze, Alexandra (February 26, 2019). 2434:. Spruce-fir forests characterized by 1841:perched on a cliff in the Grand Canyon 1746: 1387: 1347:View of Grand Canyon from Mather Point 1290:lands and redesignated the preserve a 1204:, Charles Spencer, D.W. "James" Mooney 12139:Landforms of Coconino County, Arizona 11586:United States Railroad Administration 10900: 10045: 9372: 8839: 8611:from the original on August 20, 2017. 7764:from the original on December 9, 2022 7665: 7546:Childs, Jan Wesner (March 17, 2020). 7490: 7359:from the original on January 18, 2017 7000:from the original on January 16, 2019 6876: 6574:"Grand Canyon Desert View Watchtower" 6544:"History of the Grand Canyon Railway" 6412: 6364:from the original on January 13, 2017 6141: 6135: 6079: 6073: 6001: 5985:Carus, Felicity (February 17, 2011). 5984: 5975: 5950: 5944: 5926:Arizona Department of Water Resources 5901: 5716: 5701: 5135:from the original on December 3, 2022 4929: 4911:from the original on November 5, 2023 4550:. USDA Forest Service. Archived from 4521: 4512: 4356: 4200: 3906:from the original on January 21, 2013 3181: 2978:Gran Cañón or Gran Cañón del Colorado 890:, Canada, who migrated after the 11th 842:, between approximately 500 and 1425 815:. The Cohonina were ancestors of the 190:4 to 18 mi (6.4 to 29.0 km) 11404:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 11118:Occupation of the Dominican Republic 10808:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 9398: 9253:Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869 8672:Ackley, Madeline (October 3, 2020). 8624:Over the Edge: Death in Grand Canyon 7671: 7182:. Western Regional Air Partnership. 7159:from the original on August 26, 2014 6800:Note: Air quality as represented by 6619:from the original on January 2, 2007 6595:"Grand Canyon National Park Weather" 6514:"Ride the Train to the Grand Canyon" 6512:Wadzinski, Gloria (August 2, 2021). 6111:Curtis Spicer (September 24, 2015). 5800: 5634:"Zane Grey and James Simpson Emmett" 5480: 5249: 5165:from the original on August 13, 2022 5147: 5025: 4994: 4946:from the original on August 26, 2022 4772: 4482: 4476:participating institution membership 4423: 4219:from the original on August 26, 2022 4142: 4111: 3998:from the original on October 4, 2022 3986:Achenbach, Joel (January 26, 2014). 3496: 3478:from the original on August 26, 2022 3152: 3110: 3049:. Navajo Times. September 11, 2014. 2768:Over the Edge: Death in Grand Canyon 2687: 2679:Grand Canyon rescue helicopter, 1978 2670: 2353:, Utah agave, banana and narrowleaf 1266:postcard, The Towering Cliffs above 914: 827:peoples who inhabit the area today. 145: 112: 79: 57:flowing through the Grand Canyon in 12144:Landforms of Mohave County, Arizona 11788:1916 Democratic National Convention 11778:1912 Democratic National Convention 11682:Birthplace and Presidential Library 11477:Federal Employees' Compensation Act 11324:Board of Mediation and Conciliation 9258:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision 8647:Ghiglieri, Michael Patrick (2001). 8580:The Active Times (August 9, 2016). 8561:from the original on April 25, 2021 8455:Adam Nagourney (December 3, 2014). 8382:from the original on March 3, 2011. 7823:from the original on March 25, 2022 7752:O'Sullivan, Serena (May 23, 2019). 7686:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.223 7456:from the original on June 11, 2019. 7429: 7391:from the original on March 27, 2014 7186:from the original on March 31, 2012 6693:. Western Regional Climate Center. 6667:. Western Regional Climate Center. 6641:. Western Regional Climate Center. 6613:"Flagstaff Weather Forecast Office" 6280:from the original on August 9, 2023 5815:Northern Arizona University Library 5553:from the original on April 19, 2022 5481:Drew, Dr Daryl (February 1, 2016). 5288:"John Wesley Powell's Undertakings" 5218: 5032:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 4831: 4754:from the original on March 12, 2022 4257:from the original on April 19, 2022 4173: 4112:Amos, Jonathan (January 26, 2014). 2750:South Kaibab Trail at Cedar Ridge. 2701:On the morning of June 30, 1956, a 2694:1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision 1022:(later operated by, and named for, 761: 24: 11507:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916 11398:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act 10926: 10846:Colorado River Board of California 10818:Lake Mead National Recreation Area 8740:Grand Canyon National Park Service 8469:from the original on April 3, 2015 8436:from the original on March 8, 2013 7649:. Grand Canyon National Park, AZ. 7558:from the original on June 24, 2022 7478:from the original on March 6, 2022 7121:"Western Regional Air Partnership" 7036:from the original on June 24, 2022 6966:from the original on June 24, 2022 6877:Nicla, Andrew (October 18, 2019). 6855:from the original on June 24, 2022 6825:from the original on June 24, 2022 6697:from the original on July 26, 2010 6338:Harrison, Laura Soulliere (1986). 6185:from the original on June 30, 2022 6142:Crane, Steve (February 23, 2022). 6061:from the original on June 30, 2022 6028:from the original on July 28, 2018 5906:. Associated Press. Archived from 5871:Denetclaw, Pauly (March 1, 2022). 5776:Sowards, Adam M. (July 31, 2019). 5328:from the original on June 21, 2022 5231:from the original on March 8, 2022 4882:from the original on June 30, 2022 4789:from the original on June 21, 2022 4182:from the original on June 22, 2011 4155:from the original on July 11, 2022 4124:from the original on July 11, 2022 4089:. December 3, 2012. Archived from 3967:from the original on June 23, 2022 3799:from the original on June 23, 2022 3757:Wilford, John (February 6, 2008). 3613:from the original on March 3, 2011 3369:from the original on May 17, 2016. 3204:from the original on June 23, 2022 3140:from the original on June 23, 2022 2734:) by en route ground controllers. 2650:Grand Canyon National Park Airport 2110:largest lizards in the canyon are 1817:barrier to some species, like the 1793:Grand Canyon Clouds time lapse VP8 1026:). He also acted as an advisor to 894:century. In the mythology of some 174:Approx. 2,600 ft (800 m) 25: 12170: 11563:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916 11518:National Park Service Organic Act 11416:Glacier National Park Act of 1914 11215:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 10963:President of Princeton University 8700: 8684:from the original on May 30, 2024 7730:from the original on July 1, 2022 7292:from the original on May 30, 2024 7215:from the original on May 27, 2022 7101:from the original on May 17, 2012 7020:"Grand Canyon Breathtaking views" 6987:Air Quality in the National Parks 6889:from the original on July 2, 2022 6729:from the original on May 29, 2010 6554:from the original on July 8, 2022 6524:from the original on July 3, 2022 6448:from the original on July 8, 2022 6394:from the original on July 2, 2022 6319:from the original on July 8, 2022 6154:from the original on July 4, 2022 6123:from the original on May 30, 2024 6092:from the original on July 2, 2022 5963:from the original on June 6, 2022 5932:from the original on July 2, 2022 5883:from the original on July 1, 2022 5821:from the original on July 8, 2022 5788:from the original on July 8, 2022 5664:from the original on July 8, 2022 5613:from the original on July 8, 2022 5583:from the original on July 8, 2022 5523:from the original on July 8, 2022 5493:from the original on May 24, 2022 5462:from the original on July 8, 2022 5452:"William Wallace Bass Collection" 5298:from the original on May 30, 2024 5123:Stojka, Andre (October 7, 2015). 5104:from the original on May 30, 2024 5036:from the original on July 8, 2022 4976:from the original on July 8, 2022 4852:from the original on May 19, 2022 4819:from the original on May 28, 2022 4779:Southwestern Historical Quarterly 4675:from the original on May 30, 2024 4405:from the original on July 1, 2022 4344:from the original on July 1, 2022 3769:from the original on May 17, 2013 3509:from the original on May 30, 2024 3381:"History of the Colorado Plateau" 3084:Wilson, Alan with Gene Dennison. 3053:from the original on June 1, 2016 2773: 1714: 1335:In 2009, U.S. Interior Secretary 615:). This uplift has steepened the 474:, have further widened the canyon 363:from Spain, who arrived in 1540. 125:Location within the United States 12088: 12087: 11609:Acadia National Park Act of 1919 10416:Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez 10188: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10164: 10025: 9345:Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets 9279:Grand Canyon Backcountry Camping 8865: 8749: 8713: 8665: 8640: 8615: 8514: 8386: 8368: 8336: 8315: This article incorporates 8310: 8263: This article incorporates 8258: 8219: This article incorporates 8214: 8173: This article incorporates 8168: 8125: This article incorporates 8120: 8086: This article incorporates 8081: 8042: This article incorporates 8037: 8003: This article incorporates 7998: 7939: This article incorporates 7934: 7879: This article incorporates 7874: 7805: 7776: 7635: 7460: 7403: 7371: 7339: 7139: 7127:from the original on May 1, 2012 7113: 7081: 7012: 6837: 6807: 6709: 6683: 6657: 6631: 6605: 6597:. April 27, 2016. Archived from 6566: 6536: 6518:Grand Canyon National Park Trips 6505: 6490: 6460: 6421: 6376: 6080:Clark, Roger (January 6, 2017). 5638:Brigham Young University Studies 4114:"Grand Canyon 'formed recently'" 3574: This article incorporates 3569: 2842: 2828: 2814: 2800: 2759: 2739: 2518: 1869: 1683:, a sulfate precursor, from the 1615:can have a considerable impact. 1282:, which in turn lobbied for the 1097:, second Powell Expedition, 1872 746:History of the Grand Canyon area 454:Geology of the Grand Canyon area 144: 137: 111: 104: 78: 71: 47: 11793:1916 U.S. presidential election 11783:1912 U.S. presidential election 11709:Summer White House (Harlakenden 11163:Committee on Public Information 11124:Army Appropriations Act of 1916 11053:State of the Union Address 1913 9946:Aztec Land & Cattle Company 9338:The Man Who Walked Through Time 7792:University of California, Davis 7718:Repanshek, Kurt (May 9, 2019). 7468:"State of the Earth in Numbers" 6292: 6262: 6104: 5914: 5895: 5873:"Colorado River, stolen by law" 5833: 5769: 5676: 5632:St. John Stott, Graham (1978). 5625: 5595: 5565: 5535: 5505: 5474: 5444: 5413: 5391: 5361: 5340: 5310: 5280: 5087: 5019: 4988: 4958: 4923: 4894: 4864: 4801: 4766: 4723: 4644: 4618: 4573:McGregor, John Charles (1951). 4540: 4448: 4417: 4326: 4167: 4143:Bush, Mike (February 3, 2014). 4136: 4105: 4075: 4010: 3625: 3530:Journal of Geophysical Research 3521: 3490: 3373: 3342: 3301: 3260: 1173:Settlers in and near the canyon 910:European arrival and settlement 394:Grand Canyon, Arizona, Nevada, 11704:Princeton University president 11699:Boyhood home in South Carolina 10943:President of the United States 10758:Colorado River Storage Project 9352:Grand Canyon: A Different View 9263:Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6 8787:from 10,000 years ago to 1994. 7674:Annual Review of Public Health 7262:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464759 7205:Reitze, Arnold W. Jr. (2019). 5839: 5683:Swanson, Frederick H. (2007). 4901:Stacey, May Humphreys (1929). 4522:Tufts, Lorraine Salem (1998). 3789:"How Old Is the Grand Canyon?" 3091: 3078: 3065: 2943: 2271:, catclaw acacia, and various 1775:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1593: 1557:Grand Canyon covered with snow 1414:was built during the 1890s by 653:of the canyon were created by 643:lowered the river's base level 626:Weather conditions during the 611:million years ago (during the 567:billion years ago. This large 13: 1: 12124:Canyons and gorges of Arizona 11992:(daughter, acting first lady) 11936:Backstairs at the White House 11854:Woodrow Wilson Junior College 11614:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919 11421:Legislative Reference Service 11382:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 11205:Selective Service Act of 1917 11188:Armistice of 11 November 1918 10753:Colorado–Big Thompson Project 8906:Grand Canyon Village, Arizona 8651:. Flagstaff, AZ: Puma Press. 7724:www.nationalparkstraveler.org 7320:. U.S. Department of Energy. 6428:Stampoulos, Linda L. (2004). 5902:Myers, A.L. (March 6, 2008). 5751:Grattan, Virginia L. (1992). 4701:Grand Canyon, The Great Abyss 4654:The Fourth World of the Hopis 3607:Operating Hours & Seasons 2986: 2543: 2389:. Additional species such as 2243:in flight, photographed from 2083:, inhabit the riparian zone. 1416:William Owen "Buckey" O'Neill 1182: 947:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 932:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 870:live in what is now southern 158:Location within North America 128:Show map of the United States 32:Grand Canyon (disambiguation) 11536:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916 11472:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 10823:Rocky Mountain National Park 9685:San Francisco Volcanic Field 8825:Grand Canyon 3-D perspective 8803:36 Hours at the Grand Canyon 7057:"Introduction to Visibility" 6615:. National Weather Service. 5094:Chorley, Richard J. (1984). 5003:. Arizona State University. 3465:Rangelands resources of Utah 3413:Ranney, Wayne (April 2014). 3246:. Grand Canyon Association. 2706:Lockheed Super Constellation 2375:mountain short-horned lizard 2231:Upper Sonoran and Transition 1446:National Park Service rustic 1363:Havasupai Tribe v. Provencio 970:Silvestre Vélez de Escalante 966:Francisco Atanasio Domínguez 757:granaries at Nankoweap Creek 671: 366: 319:Havasupai Indian Reservation 7: 11746:When a Man Comes to Himself 11662:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 11657:Merchant Marine Act of 1920 11547:Stock-Raising Homestead Act 11231:Wartime Measure Act of 1918 11129:Council of National Defense 10803:Dead Horse Point State Park 10361:Lower Colorado River Valley 8984:Grand Canyon Forest Reserve 8754:Geographic data related to 6936:10.3155/1047-3289.59.9.1070 6148:Cronkite News – Arizona PBS 5957:Cronkite News – Arizona PBS 5951:Hager, Alex (May 4, 2022). 5848:. Boone and Crockett Club. 5487:Cowboy Country Magazine.com 5252:"Seeking Hard Desert Truth" 4933:The Ives Expedition of 1858 4842:"Lee's Ferry Historic Site" 2883:Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon 2793: 2778:On October 3, 2020, former 2610:Grand Canyon Ultra Marathon 2081:giant desert hairy scorpion 1813:forests grow on both rims. 1355:National Mining Association 1218:Phantom Ranch: David Rust, 637:million years ago when the 377:International Space Station 315:Hualapai Indian Reservation 10: 12175: 12154:Southwestern United States 12119:Grand Canyon National Park 11467:Cotton Futures Act of 1916 11462:Brush Disposal Act of 1916 11387:Cotton Futures Act of 1914 11300:Federal racial segregation 10881:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 10813:Grand Canyon National Park 10798:Colorado National Monument 8896:Grand Canyon National Park 8692:– via azcentral.com. 8537:February 20, 2015, at the 8496:Grand Canyon National Park 8430:Grand Canyon National Park 8326:Grand Canyon National Park 8274:Grand Canyon National Park 8230:Grand Canyon National Park 8184:Grand Canyon National Park 8136:Grand Canyon National Park 8097:Grand Canyon National Park 8053:Grand Canyon National Park 8014:Grand Canyon National Park 7950:Grand Canyon National Park 7890:Grand Canyon National Park 6230:10.1038/s41598-021-01621-8 5456:Arizona Historical Society 5097:Geomorphology before Davis 4424:Congress, The Library of. 4391:10.1007/s10040-019-02056-2 4303:10.1007/s10040-020-02193-z 3585:Grand Canyon National Park 2871:Grand Canyon National Park 2691: 2566:Grand Canyon National Park 2419:Great Basin spadefoot toad 2145:, western honey mesquite, 1857:Life zones and communities 1828: 1535: 1494:Grand Canyon Railway Depot 1280:National Parks Association 1230:Emery & Ellsworth Kolb 874:and northern Arizona. The 743: 739: 451: 447: 303:Grand Canyon National Park 29: 12067: 12041: 11970: 11909: 11825:Woodrow Wilson Foundation 11801: 11763: 11732: 11674: 11625:Wheat Price Guarantee Act 11568:Flood Control Act of 1917 11438:Locomotive Inspection Act 11290: 11091: 11046:Woman Suffrage Procession 10973: 10934: 10831: 10793:Canyonlands National Park 10780: 10740: 10692: 10626: 10543: 10536: 10424: 10313: 10197: 10162: 10080: 10021: 9931: 9813: 9725: 9675:Phoenix Metropolitan Area 9595: 9524: 9469:Congressional Delegations 9422: 9410: 9271: 9243: 9222: 9191: 9143: 8934: 8873: 8777:January 17, 2016, at the 8772:Grand Canyon Bibliography 8712: 8707: 7783:Markovich, Katie (2015). 6497:Chappell, Gordon (1985). 6119:. Cronkite News Service. 4876:Western River Expeditions 4705:. HarperCollins. p. 4463:Oxford English Dictionary 3385:Utah History Encyclopedia 3197:10.1146/knowable-022619-1 3126:. John Wiley & Sons. 3123:Geology of U.S. Parklands 3104:January 29, 2022, at the 2552:Grand Canyon regional map 1931:at the Grand Canyon, 2008 1751: 1698:Mohave Generating Station 1685:Navajo Generating Station 949:to search for the fabled 934:'s 1540–1542 expedition. 924:La conquista del Colorado 270: 230: 222: 212: 207: 199: 194: 186: 182:277 mi (446 km) 178: 170: 161:Show map of North America 65: 46: 41: 11980:(wife, 1885–1914, death) 11740:Congressional Government 11650:Federal Power Commission 11409:Federal Trade Commission 11242:Racial Equality Proposal 11220:National War Labor Board 9294:Grand Canyon Conservancy 8599:Citylab (May 26, 2015). 7503:Water Resources Research 6413:Glick, Marshall (2015). 5026:Ives, Joseph C. (1861). 4846:The Page-Lake Powell Hub 4773:Hill, Joseph J. (1923). 4548:"Kaibab National Forest" 3726:Johnson, Joshua (2013). 3695:Johnson, Joshua (2013). 2974:Southern Paiute language 2970:Bidááʼ Haʼaztʼiʼ Tsékooh 2936: 1580:National Weather Service 1006:missionary, was sent by 955:García López de Cárdenas 936:García López de Cárdenas 779:. The word "Anasazi" is 361:García López de Cárdenas 12059:Woodrow Wilson and race 11880:Woodrow Wilson Monument 11694:Boyhood home in Georgia 11599:War Revenue Act of 1917 11494:Federal Farm Loan Board 11427:Smith–Lever Act of 1914 11349:Rivers and Harbors Acts 11210:Immigration Act of 1918 11200:Immigration Act of 1917 11136:Philippine Autonomy Act 10717:Central Arizona Project 10707:Colorado River Aqueduct 10679:Theodore Roosevelt Lake 10639:Flaming Gorge Reservoir 9951:Battle of Ambos Nogales 9115:Uinkaret volcanic field 8994:Grand Canyon Supergroup 8881:Black Suspension Bridge 8394:"Grand Canyon Area Map" 7604:10.1126/science.aay9187 5547:Arizona Archives Online 5221:"The Powell Expedition" 4970:Smithsonian Institution 4494:The Ancestral Puebloans 4468:Oxford University Press 4044:10.1126/science.1229390 3847:10.1126/science.1151248 3550:10.1029/JZ068i024p06447 2961: 2953: 2927:– A gigantic canyon on 2666:Grand Canyon fatalities 2529:View from the South Rim 2205:swallowtail butterflies 1276:Boone and Crockett Club 1156:Robert Brewster Stanton 1070:stern wheeler steamboat 1063:Also in 1857, the U.S. 1049:Edward Fitzgerald Beale 1012:Crossing of the Fathers 680:Ribbon Falls, near the 649:million years ago. The 584:Grand Canyon Supergroup 92:Location within Arizona 12149:Physiographic sections 11687:papers and manuscripts 11432:War Risk Insurance Act 11236:Paris Peace Conference 11031:1919 Nobel Peace Prize 11014:Supreme Court nominees 10954:Governor of New Jersey 10851:Colorado River Compact 10748:Boulder Canyon Project 9332:(2017 children's book) 8317:public domain material 8265:public domain material 8221:public domain material 8175:public domain material 8127:public domain material 8088:public domain material 8044:public domain material 8005:public domain material 7941:public domain material 7881:public domain material 5717:Berke, Arnold (2002). 5354:March 4, 2016, at the 5322:U.S. Geological Survey 5159:Utah Geological Survey 4697:Stegner, Page (1994). 4596:Whiting, A.F. (1985). 4201:Wesoloski, Catherine. 3576:public domain material 3242:Ranney, Wayne (2005). 3228:April 3, 2007, at the 2977: 2976:: Paxa’uipi, Spanish: 2969: 2680: 2645: 2624:Kaibab National Forest 2586:Arizona State Route 67 2582:Desert View Watchtower 2574:Arizona State Route 64 2561: 2553: 2426:Canadian and Hudsonian 2311: 2299: 2252: 2174:desert gopher tortoise 1932: 1888:western honey mesquite 1842: 1794: 1724: 1676: 1674:temperature inversions 1603: 1558: 1548:North American Monsoon 1515:Desert View Watchtower 1489: 1407: 1404:Desert View Watchtower 1348: 1302:on February 26, 1919. 1292:U.S. National Monument 1270: 1256: 1224:Grand Canyon Village: 1188: 1098: 1053:Fort Defiance, Arizona 1044: 1018:on a raft in 1858 and 974:explored southern Utah 951:Seven Cities of Cibola 939: 758: 685: 475: 463: 414:that exposes uplifted 407: 387: 379: 307:Kaibab National Forest 12073:← William Howard Taft 12014:Joseph Ruggles Wilson 12002:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo 11886:Woodrow Wilson Bridge 11820:Woodrow Wilson Awards 11558:Warehouse Act of 1916 11524:National Park Service 11483:Federal Farm Loan Act 11450:Occupancy Permits Act 11195:Espionage Act of 1917 11106:Bryan–Chamorro Treaty 11009:Judicial appointments 10840:Arizona v. California 10484:Little Colorado River 9981:Territorial evolution 9976:Sitgreaves Expedition 9655:North Central Arizona 9358:Grand Canyon Escalade 9322:A Bigger Grand Canyon 9178:Little Colorado River 8891:Grand Canyon Escalade 8730:National Park Service 8356:on September 28, 2010 8330:National Park Service 8278:National Park Service 8234:National Park Service 8188:National Park Service 8140:National Park Service 8101:National Park Service 8057:National Park Service 8018:National Park Service 7954:National Park Service 7894:National Park Service 7447:National Park Service 7027:National Park Service 6849:National Park Service 6819:National Park Service 6761:on September 19, 2006 6474:. November 25, 2008. 6388:National Park Service 5225:Grand Canyon Explorer 5196:. PBS. Archived from 5055:Gilbert, Bil (1985). 4995:Anderson, Michael F. 4813:Lake Powell Chronicle 3589:National Park Service 3071:Linford, Laurence D. 2912:A Bigger Grand Canyon 2822:Earth sciences portal 2780:Major League Baseball 2678: 2660:Grand Canyon Escalade 2639: 2559: 2551: 2415:Utah tiger salamander 2305: 2297: 2238: 2094:(clams) and nine are 1926: 1836: 1819:tassel-eared squirrel 1792: 1768:, and 195 species of 1741:National Park Service 1722: 1671: 1601: 1556: 1477: 1402: 1346: 1262: 1243: 1180: 1092: 1036: 928:Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau 922: 836:Little Colorado River 753: 679: 660:Between 100,000 and 3 469: 461: 393: 385: 374: 18:Grand Canyon, Arizona 11984:Edith Bolling Wilson 11836:The Wilson Quarterly 11719:Woodrow Wilson House 11637:Railroad Labor Board 11255:Treaty of Versailles 11226:Sedition Act of 1918 10788:Arches National Park 10634:Fontenelle Reservoir 10331:Colorado River Basin 10271:Middle Granite Gorge 9610:Arizona Sun Corridor 8979:Grand Canyon Caverns 8969:Ericameria arizonica 8901:Grand Canyon Skywalk 8557:. November 1, 2017. 8520:Moorman, Robert W. " 8492:"Backcountry Permit" 7758:The Arizona Republic 7524:10.1029/2018WR023153 7069:on February 11, 2012 6883:The Arizona Republic 6117:The Arizona Republic 5928:. November 1, 2018. 5603:"Lees Ferry History" 5399:"Grand Canyon Facts" 5318:"John Wesley Powell" 5259:jonathanwaterman.com 5250:Waterman, Jonathan. 5001:Grand Canyon History 4736:Arizona and the West 4554:on February 10, 2009 4371:Hydrogeology Journal 4340:. January 23, 2020. 4282:Hydrogeology Journal 3635:(January 26, 2011). 3581:"Nature and Science" 2904:Making North America 2642:view in high quality 2595:Grand Canyon Skywalk 2578:Grand Canyon Village 2535:Grand Canyon tourism 2170:western banded gecko 2147:four-winged saltbush 2021:desert bighorn sheep 1969:are extremely rare. 1909:Flaveria mcdougallii 1607:as forest fires and 1499:Grand Canyon Railway 1412:Buckey O'Neill Cabin 1394:Grand Canyon Village 1250:Grand Canyon Village 1244:Railway Station and 1124:Green River, Wyoming 1112:John Strong Newberry 1104:San Francisco Herald 1060:natural curiosity." 992:American exploration 788:Pecos Classification 655:differential erosion 12080:Warren G. Harding → 12028:(cousin, secretary) 12026:Helen Woodrow Bones 11996:Jessie Wilson Sayre 11928:Profiles in Courage 11896:U.S. Postage stamps 11604:Revenue Act of 1918 11531:Revenue Act of 1916 11337:Revenue Act of 1913 11305:Federal Reserve Act 11112:Occupation of Haiti 10876:Rapids and features 10644:Blue Mesa Reservoir 10276:Lower Granite Gorge 9700:Traditional Arizona 9511:Tourist attractions 9009:Sixtymile Formation 9004:Nankoweap Formation 8974:Esplanade Sandstone 7595:2020Sci...367.1252M 7589:(6483): 1252–1255. 7552:The Weather Channel 7515:2018WRR....54.6739X 7254:2005JAWMA..55.1675G 6928:2009JAWMA..59.1070B 6601:on October 5, 2012. 6222:2021NatSR..1122157T 6057:. January 9, 2012. 5811:"The Kolb Brothers" 5379:on November 6, 2012 5292:American Experience 5194:American Experience 5161:. August 29, 2019. 4930:Tabor, C C (1968). 4466:(Online ed.). 4383:2019HydJ...27.2857J 4294:2020HydJ...28.1593S 4093:on October 31, 2013 4035:2012Sci...338.1616F 4029:(6114): 1616–1619. 3945:2008GSAB..120..571F 3839:2008Sci...319.1377P 3833:(5868): 1377–1380. 3732:cires1.colorado.edu 3701:cires1.colorado.edu 3658:2011GSAB..123.1288W 3542:1963JGR....68.6447M 3431:2014Geosp..10..233R 3326:2013Geosp...9..444S 3285:2015Geosp..11..958D 3017:2014NatGe...7..239K 2888:Jacob Lake, Arizona 2385:, pinyon pine, and 2328:tassel-eared Kaibab 2265:narrowleaf mesquite 2221:black widow spiders 1945:Rocky Mountain toad 1747:Biology and ecology 1529:Fred Harvey Company 1519:Ancestral Puebloans 1388:South Rim buildings 1196:, William W. Bass, 880:San Francisco Peaks 768:Ancestral Puebloans 664:million years ago, 505:uranium-lead dating 250: / 95:Show map of Arizona 11978:Ellen Axson Wilson 11947:(2002 documentary) 11489:Farm Credit System 11392:Cutter Service Act 11342:Federal income tax 11318:Newlands Labor Act 10886:William Mulholland 10722:All-American Canal 10712:San Diego Aqueduct 10674:Imperial Reservoir 10494:Roaring Fork River 10032:Arizona portal 9300:Grand Canyon Suite 9183:Bright Angel Creek 9103:Bright Angel Shale 8944:Agave phillipsiana 8807:The New York Times 8522:Noise in the Parks 8462:The New York Times 6276:. August 8, 2023. 6210:Scientific Reports 6086:Grand Canyon Trust 5840:Sheldon, Charles. 4815:. April 20, 2022. 4149:www.abqjournal.com 3652:(7–8): 1288–1316. 3440:10.1130/GES00960.1 3391:on January 9, 2013 3335:10.1130/ges00896.1 3294:10.1130/ges01131.1 2877:Grand Canyon Suite 2681: 2646: 2562: 2554: 2312: 2300: 2289:California condors 2253: 2181:orange paper wasps 2159:rubber rabbitbrush 2137:, catclaw acacia, 1975:antelope squirrels 1943:, and Woodhouse's 1933: 1843: 1795: 1725: 1677: 1662:Regional Haze Rule 1604: 1559: 1525:Bright Angel Lodge 1490: 1487:Grand Canyon Depot 1426:Bright Angel Trail 1408: 1349: 1296:U.S. National Park 1271: 1257: 1192:Miners: "Captain" 1189: 1164:Gulf of California 1119:John Wesley Powell 1099: 1045: 1042:Wheeler expedition 1028:John Wesley Powell 940: 798:Basketmaker II Era 759: 755:Ancestral Puebloan 686: 682:North Kaibab Trail 639:Gulf of California 593:Coconino Sandstone 574:Then, between 1.25 476: 464: 424:Kali Gandaki Gorge 408: 388: 380: 331:Theodore Roosevelt 12101: 12100: 12008:Francis Sayre Jr. 11986:(wife, 1915–1924) 11939:(1979 miniseries) 11670: 11669: 11644:Federal Power Act 11281:Wilsonian Armenia 11268:League of Nations 10999:1917 inauguration 10994:1913 inauguration 10894: 10893: 10776: 10775: 10439:Dirty Devil River 10376:Palo Verde Valley 10282:Grand Wash Canyon 10227:Horsethief Canyon 10039: 10038: 9941:Arizona Territory 9660:Northeast Arizona 9366: 9365: 9307:Desert Wonderland 9083:Redwall Limestone 9053:Hyaloclastite Dam 9024:Shinumo Quartzite 8916:Marble Canyon Dam 8886:Bridge Canyon Dam 8736: 8735: 8527:AHS International 8049:"Endangered Fish" 7248:(11): 1675–1682. 6790:on August 1, 2010 6722:. March 8, 2007. 6472:Grand Canyon News 5910:on March 4, 2016. 5877:High Country News 4600:Havasupai Habitat 4490:"Getting Started" 4474:(Subscription or 3795:. March 7, 2008. 3536:(24): 6447–6458. 3188:Knowable Magazine 3133:978-0-471-33218-3 3005:Nature Geoscience 2688:1956 air disaster 2671:Mid-1800s to 2015 2637: 2590:Grand Canyon West 2484:American goshawks 2399:mountain mahogany 2395:New Mexico locust 2338:, mule deer, and 2332:Abert's squirrels 2241:California condor 1853:and 22 are bats. 1790: 1760:, 167 species of 1503:Williams, Arizona 1367:Pinyon Plain Mine 1307:California condor 1101:According to the 915:Spanish explorers 621:elevation summary 520:thermochronometry 402:, June 27, 2017, 286:is a steep-sided 280: 279: 203:5–6 million years 16:(Redirected from 12166: 12129:Colorado Plateau 12091: 12090: 11631:Esch–Cummins Act 11573:Smith–Hughes Act 11512:Keating–Owen Act 11089: 11088: 11041:Silent Sentinels 10966: 10957: 10946: 10921: 10914: 10907: 10898: 10897: 10781:Designated areas 10763:Grand Valley AVA 10627:Major reservoirs 10541: 10540: 10336:Colorado Plateau 10314:Natural features 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10236:Westwater Canyon 10192: 10186: 10180: 10174: 10168: 10155: 10148: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10115: 10108: 10101: 10094: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10043: 10042: 10030: 10029: 10028: 10013:Women's suffrage 9873:Lake Havasu City 9695:Southern Arizona 9670:Oak Creek Canyon 9665:Northern Arizona 9635:Mogollon Plateau 9620:Colorado Plateau 9615:Coconino Plateau 9496:Native Americans 9393: 9386: 9379: 9370: 9369: 9120:Vasey's Paradise 9048:Hermit Formation 8860: 8853: 8846: 8837: 8836: 8792:Travel and sites 8753: 8752: 8717: 8716: 8705: 8704: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8678:Arizona Republic 8669: 8663: 8662: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8547: 8541: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8488: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8405: 8398: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8355: 8348: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8262: 8261: 8256: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8218: 8217: 8212: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8146: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7878: 7877: 7872: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7789: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7715: 7706: 7705: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7606: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7526: 7509:(9): 6739–6756. 7494: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7483: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7444: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7417:on March 1, 2013 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7351: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7326: 7319: 7308: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7239: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7100: 7093: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7068: 7061: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7035: 7024: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6999: 6992: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6922:(9): 1070–1081. 6913: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6874: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6728: 6721: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6591: 6582: 6581: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6363: 6346: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6249: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6077: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6027: 6016: 6008: 5999: 5998: 5982: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5807: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5748: 5733: 5732: 5714: 5699: 5698: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5365: 5359: 5358:, Etymonline.com 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5267: 5256: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5186: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4945: 4938: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4838: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4704: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4603: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4580: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4519: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4471: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4377:(8): 2857–2868. 4368: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4305: 4288:(5): 1593–1613. 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4256: 4249: 4238: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4218: 4207: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4174:Leveson, David. 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4046: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3953:10.1130/B26231.1 3939:(5–6): 571–587. 3930: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3824: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3666:10.1130/B30274.1 3641: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3503:ResearchGate.net 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3477: 3470: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3442: 3410: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3387:. Archived from 3377: 3371: 3370: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3239: 3233: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3199: 3179: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3117: 3108: 3095: 3089: 3082: 3076: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3025:10.1038/ngeo2065 3000: 2980: 2947: 2925:Valles Marineris 2919:Pine Creek Gorge 2852: 2847: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2836:Geography portal 2833: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2743: 2732:positive control 2638: 2522: 2503:Indian ricegrass 2486:are found here. 2436:Engelmann spruce 2407:creeping mahonia 2363:Indian ricegrass 2075:, including the 1941:red-spotted toad 1937:canyon tree frog 1918:razorback sucker 1791: 1764:, 64 species of 1708:Prescribed fires 1655:Colorado Plateau 1501:which begins in 1480:steam locomotive 1456:Mary Jane Colter 1379: 1278:helped form the 1226:Ralph H. Cameron 1187: 1184: 1057:Coconino Plateau 893: 888:Great Slave Lake 861: 856: 845: 814: 795: 777:Puebloan peoples 762:Native Americans 663: 648: 636: 613:Laramide orogeny 610: 581: 577: 566: 563:billion and 1.25 562: 557:Kaibab Limestone 547: 543: 535: 525: 496: 489: 481: 412:Colorado Plateau 342:Colorado Plateau 265: 264: 262: 261: 260: 255: 251: 248: 247: 246: 243: 162: 148: 147: 141: 129: 115: 114: 108: 96: 82: 81: 75: 51: 39: 38: 21: 12174: 12173: 12169: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12164: 12163: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12097: 12063: 12049:Progressive Era 12037: 11990:Margaret Wilson 11966: 11911: 11905: 11870:(Austin statue) 11803: 11797: 11759: 11753:The New Freedom 11728: 11666: 11311:Federal Reserve 11286: 11173:Fourteen Points 11168:Four Minute Men 11087: 10977: 10969: 10960: 10949: 10938: 10930: 10925: 10895: 10890: 10827: 10772: 10736: 10732:Coachella Canal 10694: 10688: 10684:San Carlos Lake 10622: 10553:Shadow Mountain 10532: 10449:Escalante River 10420: 10411:Montague Island 10401:Imperial Valley 10381:Colorado Desert 10326:Rocky Mountains 10309: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10258: 10241:Cataract Canyon 10223:De Beque Canyon 10218:Glenwood Canyon 10193: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10160: 10151: 10146:Baja California 10144: 10132: 10125: 10118: 10111: 10104: 10097: 10090: 10076: 10070: 10040: 10035: 10026: 10024: 10017: 9927: 9809: 9721: 9717:White Mountains 9707:Transition zone 9650:Monument Valley 9591: 9520: 9479:Representatives 9418: 9406: 9397: 9367: 9362: 9325:(1998 painting) 9267: 9239: 9218: 9199:Harvey Butchart 9187: 9144:Bodies of water 9139: 9135:Vulcan's Throne 9033:Grand Staircase 8959:Cardenas Basalt 8930: 8869: 8864: 8820:NPS Photographs 8779:Wayback Machine 8750: 8726:Wayback Machine 8714: 8703: 8698: 8697: 8687: 8685: 8670: 8666: 8659: 8645: 8641: 8634: 8620: 8616: 8597: 8593: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8539:Wayback Machine 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8490: 8489: 8482: 8472: 8470: 8453: 8449: 8439: 8437: 8424: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8387: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8353: 8346: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8320: 8311: 8309: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8268: 8259: 8257: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8224: 8215: 8213: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8178: 8169: 8167: 8154: 8144: 8142: 8130: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8091: 8082: 8080: 8071: 8061: 8059: 8047: 8038: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8008: 7999: 7997: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7944: 7935: 7933: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7884: 7875: 7873: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7767: 7765: 7750: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7716: 7709: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7575: 7571: 7561: 7559: 7544: 7540: 7495: 7491: 7481: 7479: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7324: 7317: 7309: 7305: 7295: 7293: 7232: 7228: 7218: 7216: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7187: 7176: 7172: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7059: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6906: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6875: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6793: 6791: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6764: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6557: 6555: 6550:. May 4, 2018. 6542: 6541: 6537: 6527: 6525: 6510: 6506: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6451: 6449: 6442: 6426: 6422: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6322: 6320: 6313: 6297: 6293: 6283: 6281: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6202: 6198: 6188: 6186: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6140: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6109: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6014: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5983: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5809: 5808: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5749: 5736: 5729: 5715: 5702: 5695: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5554: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5418: 5414: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5369:"Late Arrivals" 5367: 5366: 5362: 5356:Wayback Machine 5345: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5254: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5200:on May 18, 2022 5188: 5187: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5069: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4840: 4839: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4695: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4669: 4661:. p. 214. 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4594: 4590: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4520: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4500:on July 9, 2010 4488: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4361: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4205: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3992:Washington Post 3984: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3892: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3822: 3816: 3812: 3802: 3800: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3693: 3689: 3639: 3630: 3626: 3616: 3614: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3579: 3570: 3568: 3557: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3411: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3363: 3347: 3343: 3306: 3302: 3265: 3261: 3254: 3240: 3236: 3230:Wayback Machine 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3180: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3134: 3118: 3111: 3106:Wayback Machine 3096: 3092: 3083: 3079: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3001: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2915:, 1998 painting 2906:(2015 PBS film) 2848: 2843: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2776: 2764: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2744: 2710:United Airlines 2696: 2690: 2673: 2668: 2629: 2615:heat exhaustion 2546: 2537: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2428: 2283:, and suitable 2233: 2189:tarantula hawks 2187:, black flies, 2168:Except for the 1872: 1859: 1831: 1780: 1758:vascular plants 1754: 1749: 1717: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1682: 1596: 1538: 1434:Colorado Rivers 1390: 1377: 1314:Glen Canyon Dam 1288:national forest 1284:Antiquities Act 1238: 1213:Emma Lee French 1185: 1175: 1130:, reaching its 1117:In 1869, Major 1024:Harrison Pearce 994: 917: 912: 891: 866:. The Southern 859: 854: 843: 812: 791: 764: 748: 742: 722:geologic faults 674: 661: 646: 634: 617:stream gradient 608: 579: 578:billion and 730 575: 564: 560: 545: 541: 536:million years. 533: 523: 494: 487: 479: 456: 450: 369: 258: 256: 254:36.3°N 112.75°W 252: 249: 244: 241: 239: 237: 236: 171:Floor elevation 166: 165: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 154: 153: 149: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 121: 120: 116: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 89: 88: 87: 83: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12172: 12162: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12134:Colorado River 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12084: 12083: 12076: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12038: 12036: 12035: 12032:William McAdoo 12029: 12023: 12017: 12011: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11987: 11981: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11964: 11963:(2022 musical) 11956: 11948: 11940: 11932: 11924: 11915: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11877: 11871: 11867:Woodrow Wilson 11863: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11811: 11809: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11769: 11767: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11749: 11743: 11736: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11690: 11689: 11678: 11676: 11672: 11671: 11668: 11667: 11665: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11628: 11622: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11544: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11515: 11509: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11491: 11480: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11424: 11418: 11413: 11412: 11411: 11401: 11395: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11346: 11345: 11344: 11334: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11315: 11314: 11313: 11302: 11296: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11121: 11115: 11109: 11103: 11097: 11095: 11093:Foreign policy 11086: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11049: 11048: 11043: 11036:19th Amendment 11033: 11028: 11023: 11022: 11021: 11016: 11006: 11004:Roosevelt desk 11001: 10996: 10991: 10985: 10983: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10967: 10958: 10947: 10935: 10932: 10931: 10928:Woodrow Wilson 10924: 10923: 10916: 10909: 10901: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10835: 10833: 10832:Related topics 10829: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10744: 10742: 10741:Water projects 10738: 10737: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10698: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10630: 10628: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10549: 10547: 10538: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10518:Las Vegas Wash 10515: 10510: 10501: 10499:San Juan River 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10474:Gunnison River 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10430: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10351:Sonoran Desert 10348: 10346:Horseshoe Bend 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10304: 10302:Pyramid Canyon 10299: 10294: 10292:Boulder Canyon 10289: 10286: 10285:Iceberg Canyon 10283: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10251: 10246: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10212: 10207: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10194: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10156: 10149: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10130: 10123: 10116: 10109: 10102: 10095: 10087:United States 10084: 10082: 10078: 10077: 10073:Colorado River 10069: 10068: 10061: 10054: 10046: 10037: 10036: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10004: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9966:Pah-Ute County 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9692: 9690:Sonoran Desert 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9630:Kaibab Plateau 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9601: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9537:Climate change 9534: 9528: 9526: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9518: 9516:Transportation 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9466: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9439: 9434: 9428: 9426: 9420: 9419: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9396: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9373: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9326: 9318: 9310: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9249: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9204:Colin Fletcher 9201: 9195: 9193: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9158: 9153: 9151:Colorado River 9147: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9110:Toroweap Fault 9107: 9106: 9105: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9019:Bass Formation 9011: 9006: 9001: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8940: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8870: 8863: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8822: 8811: 8810: 8809:, May 31, 2009 8800: 8789: 8788: 8782: 8763: 8762: 8747: 8742: 8734: 8733: 8710: 8709: 8708:External image 8702: 8701:External links 8699: 8696: 8695: 8664: 8658:978-0970097316 8657: 8639: 8633:978-0970097316 8632: 8626:. Puma Press. 8614: 8591: 8572: 8542: 8513: 8480: 8447: 8417: 8385: 8367: 8335: 8290: 8246: 8200: 8152: 8113: 8069: 8030: 7966: 7906: 7834: 7804: 7775: 7741: 7707: 7680:(1): 223–245. 7664: 7634: 7569: 7538: 7489: 7459: 7428: 7402: 7370: 7338: 7303: 7226: 7197: 7170: 7138: 7112: 7080: 7047: 7011: 6977: 6900: 6866: 6836: 6806: 6772: 6740: 6708: 6682: 6656: 6630: 6604: 6583: 6565: 6535: 6504: 6489: 6459: 6441:978-1439649886 6440: 6420: 6405: 6375: 6354:978-0365027799 6353: 6330: 6312:978-1610698405 6311: 6291: 6261: 6196: 6165: 6134: 6103: 6072: 6039: 6000: 5974: 5943: 5913: 5894: 5863: 5832: 5799: 5768: 5762:978-0938216452 5761: 5734: 5728:978-1568983455 5727: 5700: 5694:978-0874809152 5693: 5675: 5644:(4): 491–503. 5624: 5594: 5564: 5534: 5504: 5473: 5443: 5412: 5390: 5360: 5339: 5309: 5279: 5242: 5219:Ribokas, Bob. 5211: 5176: 5146: 5115: 5086: 5068:978-0806119342 5067: 5047: 5018: 4987: 4957: 4922: 4893: 4872:"Pearce Ferry" 4863: 4830: 4800: 4765: 4742:(2): 119–136. 4722: 4716:978-0062585646 4715: 4686: 4668:978-0826310118 4667: 4643: 4617: 4611:978-0816508662 4610: 4588: 4565: 4539: 4533:978-0962025532 4532: 4511: 4481: 4447: 4416: 4355: 4325: 4268: 4230: 4193: 4166: 4135: 4104: 4074: 4009: 3978: 3917: 3900:New York Times 3883: 3810: 3780: 3763:New York Times 3749: 3718: 3687: 3624: 3594: 3555: 3520: 3489: 3454: 3425:(2): 233–242. 3402: 3372: 3362:978-0826334619 3361: 3341: 3320:(3): 444–459. 3300: 3279:(4): 958–976. 3259: 3253:978-0938216827 3252: 3234: 3215: 3151: 3132: 3109: 3090: 3077: 3064: 3038: 3011:(3): 239–244. 2991: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2922: 2916: 2908: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2839: 2825: 2811: 2808:Arizona portal 2795: 2792: 2784:Charlie Haeger 2775: 2774:Charlie Haeger 2772: 2763: 2758: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2692:Main article: 2689: 2686: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2613:and danger of 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2525: 2524: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2432:Kaibab Plateau 2427: 2424: 2383:rock squirrels 2232: 2229: 2217:garden spiders 2013:mountain lions 1991:spotted skunks 1892:catclaw acacia 1871: 1868: 1858: 1855: 1830: 1827: 1803:Sonoran Desert 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1716: 1715:Climate change 1713: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1680: 1624:westerly winds 1595: 1592: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1522: 1512: 1509:Lookout Studio 1506: 1472: 1471: 1463: 1449: 1441:El Tovar Hotel 1437: 1419: 1389: 1386: 1300:Woodrow Wilson 1252:. 1994 photo, 1248:, Facing WNW, 1246:El Tovar Hotel 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1222: 1216: 1209:John Doyle Lee 1205: 1200:"The Hermit", 1174: 1171: 1065:War Department 993: 990: 916: 913: 911: 908: 802:Pueblo peoples 763: 760: 744:Main article: 741: 738: 673: 670: 651:terraced walls 586:. Many of the 503:in 2008, used 452:Main article: 449: 446: 442:State Route 67 433:Kaibab Plateau 368: 365: 292:Colorado River 290:carved by the 278: 277: 275:Colorado River 272: 268: 267: 234: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 157: 151: 150: 143: 142: 136: 135: 134: 133: 124: 118: 117: 110: 109: 103: 102: 101: 100: 91: 85: 84: 77: 76: 70: 69: 68: 67: 66: 63: 62: 55:Colorado River 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12171: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12094: 12086: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12077: 12075: 12074: 12070: 12069: 12066: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12040: 12033: 12030: 12027: 12024: 12022:(grandfather) 12021: 12018: 12015: 12012: 12009: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11997: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11985: 11982: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11969: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11954: 11953: 11949: 11946: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11933: 11931:(1965 series) 11930: 11929: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11917: 11916: 11914: 11908: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11881: 11878: 11875: 11874:Wilson Square 11872: 11869: 11868: 11864: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11837: 11833: 11832: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11800: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11754: 11750: 11747: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11731: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11673: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11629: 11626: 11623: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11592:USRA standard 11589: 11588: 11587: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11575: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11548: 11545: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11502: 11499: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11457: 11454: 11451: 11448: 11445: 11442: 11439: 11436: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11399: 11396: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11377: 11374: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11350: 11347: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11338: 11335: 11332: 11329: 11325: 11321: 11320: 11319: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11307: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11289: 11282: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11262: 11258: 11257: 11256: 11253: 11250: 11249:Pueblo speech 11247: 11243: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11140: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11119: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10976: 10972: 10964: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10941: 10937: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10922: 10917: 10915: 10910: 10908: 10903: 10902: 10899: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10841: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10779: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10699: 10697: 10693:Aqueducts and 10691: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10598:Headgate Rock 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10545:Mainstem dams 10542: 10539: 10535: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10523:Williams Fork 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10508:Tapeats Creek 10505: 10504:Thunder River 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10444:Dolores River 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10371:Parker Valley 10369: 10367: 10366:Mohave Valley 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10356:Mojave Desert 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10306:Mohave Canyon 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288:Virgin Canyon 10287: 10284: 10281: 10274: 10269: 10266:Granite Gorge 10264: 10261: 10260:Marble Canyon 10257: 10256: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245:Narrow Canyon 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10196: 10191: 10185: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10135: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10121: 10117: 10114: 10110: 10107: 10103: 10100: 10096: 10093: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10085: 10083: 10081:Jurisdictions 10079: 10074: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10034: 10033: 10020: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9930: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9833:Bullhead City 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9724: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9645:Mojave Desert 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9605:Arizona Strip 9603: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9527: 9523: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9415: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9394: 9389: 9387: 9382: 9380: 9375: 9374: 9371: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9323: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9309: 9308: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9242: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9130:Vishnu Temple 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9101: 9100: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9088:Tanner Graben 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9063:Kanab Plateau 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9043:Hakatai Shale 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8964:Dox Formation 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8954:Bat Cave mine 8952: 8950: 8949:Apollo Temple 8947: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8926:Phantom Ranch 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8861: 8856: 8854: 8849: 8847: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8808: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8786: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8768: 8767: 8761: 8760:OpenStreetMap 8757: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8719:Public domain 8711: 8706: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8668: 8660: 8654: 8650: 8643: 8635: 8629: 8625: 8618: 8610: 8606: 8605:Bloomberg.com 8602: 8595: 8587: 8583: 8576: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8533: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8517: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8487: 8485: 8468: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8402: 8395: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8371: 8352: 8345: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8318: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8266: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8235: 8231: 8227: 8222: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8176: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8132:"Crustaceans" 8128: 8117: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8089: 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1675: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1660:In 1999, the 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647:Clean Air Act 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1543:precipitation 1530: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1454:was built by 1453: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198:Louis Boucher 1195: 1191: 1190: 1179: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1160:Marble Canyon 1157: 1152: 1149: 1146:and incoming 1145: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1096: 1095:Marble Canyon 1093:Noon rest in 1091: 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