254:
conserved residues. The mutated proteins carrying the duplications displayed a non-wild-type subcellular distribution, with a marked enrichment at the plasma membrane, leading to a strong activation of AKT1. Analysis by RNA-Seq pinpointed a series of differentially expressed genes that are involved in cytokine and hormone signaling and cell division-related processes. Further analyses pointed to a possible dedifferentiation process, and suggested that most of the transcriptomic dysregulations might be mediated by a limited set of transcription factors perturbed by AKT1 activation. These results incriminate somatic mutations of AKT1 as probable driver events in the pathogenesis of juvenile granulosa cell tumours.
54:
296:
212:
101:
137:). These tumours should be considered malignant and treated in the same way as other malignant tumours of ovary. The ovarian disease has two forms, juvenile and adult, both characterized by indolent growth, and therefore has high recovery rates. The staging system for these tumours is the same as for epithelial tumours and most present as stage I. The peak age at which they occur is 50–55 years, but they may occur at any age.
253:
is involved in juvenile granulosa cell tumours. In-frame duplications in the pleckstrin-homology domain of the protein were found in more than 60% of juvenile granulosa cell tumours occurring in girls under 15 years of age. The tumours without duplications carried point mutations affecting highly
143:
is a similar but histologically distinct rare tumour. It too occurs in both the ovary and testis. In the testis it is extremely rare, and has not been reported to be malignant. Although this tumour usually occurs in children (hence its name), it has been reported in adults.
241:. This is a somatic mutation, meaning it is not usually transmitted to descendants. Mutation c.402C>G in the sequence of FOXL2 leads to the amino acid substitution p. C134W. It is believed that this mutation may be the cause of granulosa cell tumours.
785:
Zuckerman, Andrea L.; Pourvaziri, Ali; Ebb, David H.; Boyraz, Baris (2023-08-24). Cabot, Richard C.; Rosenberg, Eric S.; Dudzinski, David M.; Baggett, Meridale V.; Tran, Kathy M.; Sgroi, Dennis C.; Shepard, Jo-Anne O.; McDonald, Emily K.; Corpuz, Tara (eds.).
267:
Tumours vary in size, from tiny spots to large masses, with an average of 10 cm in diameter. Tumours are oval and soft in consistency. On cut-section, histology reveals reticular, trabecular areas with interstitial haemorrhage and
299:
Histopathology of adult granulosa cell tumor, from a testis. It forms nest and cord composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm and typical grooved, coffee bean-like nuclei, resembling its ovarian counterpart. (H&E
953:
938:
643:
Auguste A, Bessière L, Todeschini AL, Caburet S, Sarnacki S, Prat J, D'angelo E, De La Grange P, Ariste O, Lemoine F, Legois B, Sultan C, Zider A, Galmiche L, Kalfa N, Veitia RA (Dec 2015).
1078:
363:
Young RH, Dickersin GR, Scully RE (1984). "Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. A clinic pathological analysis of 125 cases. Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Boston".
320:(Saimiri sciureus), clusters of granulosa cells occur that resemble granulosa cell tumours in humans. These appear to be a normal change with age in this species.
968:
429:
Dudani R, Giordano L, Sultania P, Jha K, Florens A, Joseph T (April 2008). "Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of testis: case report and review of literature".
825:
Young, R. H.; Dickersin, G. R.; Scully, R. E. (August 1984). "Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. A clinicopathological analysis of 125 cases".
1039:
768:
1403:
645:"Molecular analyses of juvenile granulosa cell tumors bearing AKT1 mutations provide insights into tumor biology and therapeutic leads"
719:"Adult type granulosa cell tumor of the testis with a heterologous sarcomatous component: case report and review of the literature"
1479:
1388:
1032:
594:
Bessière L, Todeschini AL, Auguste A, Sarnacki S, Flatters D, Legois B, Sultan C, Kalfa N, Galmiche L, Veitia RA (March 2015).
1469:
1360:
308:
by their abundant, eosinophilic cytoplasm; primitive, highly mitotic nuclei in polygonal cells; and disorganized follicles.
1197:
17:
1398:
1159:
1115:
122:
684:
Richard E. Lappöhn; Henry G. Burger; Joke Bouma; Mohan Bangah; Mindert Krans; Henk W.A. De Bruijn (September 21, 1989).
1383:
1484:
1426:
1025:
1527:
1393:
1083:
121:. They are estrogen secreting tumours and present as large, complex, ovarian masses. These tumours are part of the
1558:
1522:
1553:
1177:
1365:
1140:
1573:
1100:
86:
596:"A Hot-spot of In-frame Duplications Activates the Oncoprotein AKT1 in Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumors"
537:"Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report"
1532:
171:
464:
Lin KH, Lin SE, Lee LM (July 2008). "Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of adult testis: a case report".
1355:
976:
219:
100:
1447:
1220:
1507:
53:
716:
1230:
295:
211:
1568:
1517:
1283:
762:
269:
685:
406:
1105:
775:- "This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"
82:
8:
1225:
1172:
1017:
957:
284:
239:
234:, 97% of adult granulosa cell tumours were found to contain an identical mutation in the
125:
or non-epithelial group of tumours. Although granulosa cells normally occur only in the
304:
Juvenile granulosa cell tumors can be distinguished from adult granulosa cell tumors on
1563:
1474:
1350:
1342:
1269:
1167:
1135:
1110:
896:
869:
745:
718:
683:
620:
595:
571:
536:
407:"Program in Gynecologic Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston"
388:
1291:
1052:
901:
850:
842:
838:
807:
750:
666:
625:
576:
558:
523:
481:
446:
380:
376:
349:
273:
134:
77:
962:
533:- Minor adjustment for mature cystic teratomas (0.17 to 2% risk of ovarian cancer):
392:
1122:
1060:
891:
881:
834:
799:
740:
730:
699:
656:
615:
607:
566:
548:
513:
473:
438:
372:
317:
182:
1005:
477:
1442:
1421:
1375:
1322:
1261:
1249:
1207:
981:
787:
703:
611:
1461:
1327:
1305:
1235:
1145:
1069:
231:
223:
215:
167:
130:
118:
1547:
1499:
1489:
1244:
846:
811:
562:
527:
159:
tumours, and the clinical presentation depends on the patient's age and sex.
94:
947:
735:
1215:
905:
803:
754:
690:
670:
629:
580:
518:
501:
485:
450:
442:
178:
69:
854:
788:"Case 26-2023: A 15-Year-Old Girl with Abdominal Pain and an Ovarian Mass"
553:
384:
717:
Schubert TE, Stoehr R, Hartmann A, Schöne S, Löbelenz M, Mikuz G (2014).
661:
644:
886:
1332:
1314:
61:
930:
1000:
305:
287:, a hormone, has been used as biomarker for granulosa cell tumours.
1512:
1413:
1240:
152:
90:
129:, granulosa cell tumours occur in both ovaries and testicles (see
1192:
1182:
593:
195:
these tumours tend to have late recurrences (even after 30 years)
189:
642:
942:
419:
Gynaecology. 3rd Ed. 2003. Churchill
Livingstone, pp. 690-691.
1048:
235:
126:
114:
784:
502:"Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal"
867:
329:
250:
185:. However, in some cases she may stop ovulating altogether.
1047:
428:
870:"Ovarian aging in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)"
868:
Walker ML, Anderson DC, Herndon JG, Walker LC (2009).
920:
824:
499:
362:
244:
1545:
500:Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014).
686:"Inhibin as a Marker for Granulosa-Cell Tumors"
206:
272:-small cyst like spaces interspersed within a
1033:
767:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
535:Mandal, Shramana; Badhe, Bhawana A. (2012).
636:
587:
534:
457:
422:
226:, with adult granulosa cell tumour at right
1040:
1026:
827:The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
99:
52:
895:
885:
861:
744:
734:
660:
619:
570:
552:
517:
463:
294:
249:Two recent studies show that the enzyme
210:
1480:Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
350:"Prognostic factors in adult granulosa"
14:
1546:
365:American Journal of Surgical Pathology
1470:Squamous-cell carcinoma of the vagina
1361:Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia
1021:
192:, early onset of puberty may be seen.
1198:Sex cord tumour with annular tubules
1116:Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
1093:
262:
174:, and in some cases hemoperitoneum.
24:
1384:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
1356:Uterine papillary serous carcinoma
25:
1585:
1485:Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
1427:Gestational trophoblastic disease
916:
188:If the patient has not undergone
1528:Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
839:10.1097/00000478-198408000-00002
431:American Journal of Perinatology
377:10.1097/00000478-198408000-00002
279:
818:
792:New England Journal of Medicine
778:
710:
677:
245:Juvenile granulosa cell tumours
147:
123:sex cord–gonadal stromal tumour
492:
413:
399:
356:
342:
141:Juvenile granulosa cell tumour
66:juvenile granulosa cell tumour
13:
1:
1404:Villoglandular adenocarcinoma
506:Journal of Pathology of Nepal
478:10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.126
335:
311:
1523:Extramammary Paget's disease
1366:Uterine clear-cell carcinoma
1141:Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma
290:
257:
207:Adult granulosa cell tumours
181:age, she would present with
170:, she usually presents with
42:Granulosa-theca cell tumours
7:
704:10.1056/NEJM198909213211204
612:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.03.002
323:
201:
10:
1590:
1323:Uterine fibroids/leiomyoma
1178:Sertoli–Leydig cell tumour
1101:Ovarian serous cystadenoma
87:obstetrics and gynaecology
1533:Bartholin gland carcinoma
1498:
1475:Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma
1460:
1435:
1412:
1374:
1341:
1313:
1304:
1282:
1260:
1206:
1158:
1131:
1077:
1068:
1059:
991:
924:
541:Case Reports in Pathology
172:abnormal uterine bleeding
76:
60:
51:
37:
32:
1160:Sex cord–gonadal stromal
1079:Glandular and epithelial
649:Human Molecular Genetics
316:In the ovaries of aging
736:10.1186/1746-1596-9-107
68:with hyaline globules.
1559:Male genital neoplasia
1231:Endodermal sinus tumor
804:10.1056/NEJMcpc2211422
519:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295
443:10.1055/s-2008-1066878
301:
230:Using next generation
227:
111:Granulosa cell tumours
1554:Gynaecological cancer
1518:Papillary hidradenoma
1448:Mixed MĂĽllerian tumor
1399:Glassy-cell carcinoma
1188:Granulosa cell tumour
298:
214:
177:If the patient is of
33:Granulosa cell tumour
1389:Clear-cell carcinoma
1106:Mucinous cystadenoma
83:Gynecologic oncology
18:Granulosa cell tumor
1226:Embryonal carcinoma
1173:Sertoli cell tumour
1084:surface epithelial-
887:10.1530/REP-08-0449
554:10.1155/2012/568062
1351:Endometrioid tumor
1168:Leydig cell tumour
1136:Endometrioid tumor
1111:Cystadenocarcinoma
992:External resources
662:10.1093/hmg/ddv373
302:
228:
166:If the patient is
1574:Pediatric cancers
1541:
1540:
1456:
1455:
1300:
1299:
1292:Adenomatoid tumor
1278:
1277:
1154:
1153:
1053:urogenital system
1015:
1014:
655:(23): 6687–6698.
274:Graafian follicle
270:Call–Exner bodies
135:testicular cancer
108:
107:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1581:
1311:
1310:
1221:Nongerminomatous
1123:Krukenberg tumor
1091:
1090:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1018:
922:
921:
910:
909:
899:
889:
865:
859:
858:
822:
816:
815:
782:
776:
772:
766:
758:
748:
738:
714:
708:
707:
681:
675:
674:
664:
640:
634:
633:
623:
591:
585:
584:
574:
556:
531:
521:
496:
490:
489:
472:(1): 230.e11–3.
461:
455:
454:
426:
420:
417:
411:
410:
403:
397:
396:
360:
354:
353:
346:
318:squirrel monkeys
263:Gross appearance
183:menometrorrhagia
155:are produced by
117:that arise from
104:
103:
56:
30:
29:
21:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1494:
1452:
1443:Uterine sarcoma
1431:
1422:Choriocarcinoma
1408:
1370:
1337:
1296:
1274:
1270:Meigs' syndrome
1256:
1250:Choriocarcinoma
1202:
1150:
1127:
1085:
1082:
1055:
1046:
1016:
1011:
1010:
987:
986:
963:236.2 183 236.2
933:
919:
914:
913:
866:
862:
823:
819:
783:
779:
774:
760:
759:
715:
711:
698:(12): 790–793.
682:
678:
641:
637:
592:
588:
532:
497:
493:
462:
458:
427:
423:
418:
414:
405:
404:
400:
361:
357:
348:
347:
343:
338:
326:
314:
293:
282:
265:
260:
247:
216:Ovarian tumours
209:
204:
150:
119:granulosa cells
98:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1328:Leiomyosarcoma
1325:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1284:Fallopian tube
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1236:Gonadoblastoma
1233:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1146:Brenner tumour
1143:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1051:of the female
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
996:
995:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
973:
965:
950:
934:
929:
928:
926:
925:Classification
918:
917:External links
915:
912:
911:
880:(4): 793–799.
860:
833:(8): 575–596.
817:
798:(8): 750–758.
777:
709:
676:
635:
606:(5): 421–431.
586:
512:(7): 539–543.
491:
456:
437:(4): 229–231.
421:
412:
398:
371:(8): 575–596.
355:
340:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
330:Inhibin, alpha
325:
322:
313:
310:
292:
289:
281:
278:
264:
261:
259:
256:
246:
243:
232:DNA sequencing
224:ovarian cancer
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
197:
196:
193:
186:
175:
168:postmenopausal
149:
146:
131:ovarian cancer
106:
105:
80:
74:
73:
58:
57:
49:
48:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1586:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1490:Vaginal cysts
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1449:
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1444:
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1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
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1411:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
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1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Struma ovarii
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:stromal tumor
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1007:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
990:
983:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
966:
964:
960:
959:
955:
951:
949:
945:
944:
940:
936:
935:
932:
927:
923:
907:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
821:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
770:
764:
756:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
687:
680:
672:
668:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
631:
627:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
582:
578:
573:
568:
564:
560:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
529:
525:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
416:
408:
402:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
351:
345:
341:
331:
328:
327:
321:
319:
309:
307:
297:
288:
286:
280:Tumour marker
277:
275:
271:
255:
252:
242:
240:
237:
233:
225:
221:
217:
213:
194:
191:
187:
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165:
164:
162:
161:
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158:
154:
145:
142:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
102:
96:
95:endocrinology
92:
88:
84:
81:
79:
75:
71:
70:H&E stain
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1569:Rare cancers
1216:Dysgerminoma
1187:
999:
975:
967:
952:
937:
877:
874:Reproduction
873:
863:
830:
826:
820:
795:
791:
780:
763:cite journal
726:
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157:functioning
46:Folliculoma
38:Other names
1548:Categories
1333:Adenomyoma
1315:Myometrium
773:- Figure 2
336:References
312:In animals
62:Micrograph
1564:Andrology
1208:Germ cell
1001:eMedicine
847:0147-5185
812:0028-4793
563:2090-6781
528:2091-0908
306:histology
291:Histology
258:Diagnosis
220:incidence
153:Estrogens
78:Specialty
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1414:Placenta
1241:Teratoma
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324:See also
202:Genetics
91:oncology
1436:General
1262:Fibroma
1193:Luteoma
1183:Thecoma
1070:Ovaries
1006:med/928
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