164:
567:
354:
1465:
38:
366:
1370:
277:
680:
of the armed forces march on the parade route as the massed bands play music led by its senior director. A historical segment of servicemen in First World War uniforms usually forms part of the march past. The march past is composed first of all active formations followed by those of the military
474:
Resolution 903 of the
Council of Ministers on 18 August 1949 had marked 23 August as the national holiday. Law 10/1990, declared on 1 August 1990, moved the national holiday to 1 December. The law does not specify the significance of this day as the national holiday. It was adopted in 1990 by a
407:
The
Resolution voted by the National Assembly stipulated also the "fundamental principles for the foundation of the new Romanian State". It was conditional, and demanded the preservation of a democratic local autonomy, the equality of all nationalities and religions. Later, the
1674:
423:
428:
163:
1925:
905:
1336:
1578:
653:
before heading back to the grandstand. After this, the parade commander, who is a general-ranked officer of the Armed Forces, then orders the start of the parade in the following manner:
940:
1440:
409:
883:
1657:
633:
upon their arrival on the square to a bugle call fanfare being played by a lone trumpeter. After receiving the salute, the president walks to salute the color guard provided by the
684:
After this, the ground mobile column, which are composed of tanks, APCs, IFVs, the field and air defense artillery and logistics vehicles of the Armed Forces, police vehicles, and
1622:
1917:
1667:
1264:
1366:
1775:
1181:
1736:
456:
The lands named in the resolution of the Alba-Iulia
National Assembly of the 18th of November 1918 are and remain forever united with the Kingdom of Romania.
330:
154:
1935:
1751:
377:
1072:
Formarea și activitatea
Consiliului Dirigent al Transilvaniei, Banatului și ținuturilor românești din Ungaria: 2 decembrie 1918–10 aprilie 1920
932:
851:
495:, associated with 10 May, but also disappointed the anti-communist opposition, who wished for the national holiday to be moved to 22 December.
2003:
908:[24 January 1859: 'Little Union', the first step towards Romania. The Union of the Romanian Principalities under the rule of Cuza].
237:
Prior to 1948, until the abolition of the monarchy, the national holiday was on 10 May, which had a double meaning: it was the day on which
1607:
1077:
The
Formation and Activity of the Directing Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Lands in Hungary: 2 December 1918-10 April 1920
873:
1891:
1155:
776:
348:
1968:
1861:
1612:
414:
284:
1918–1919. Note the unusual shape of
Romania's western borders as pictured on the map (the country is supposed to include all of
404:
and decreed (by unanimous vote) "the unification of those
Romanians and of all the territories inhabited by them with Romania".
1679:
1241:
253:
1237:
1662:
1430:
1358:
1005:
720:
634:
381:
370:
342:
322:
312:
223:
43:
1103:
688:
follow, accompanied by the occasional flypast of the Armed Forces and Police. Foreign troops have included delegations from
1998:
1795:
630:
550:, then the leader of the anticommunist opposition, was interrupted several times during a speech by boos from the crowd.
244:
set foot on
Romanian soil (in 1866), and the day on which the prince ratified the Declaration of Independence (from the
1839:
1716:
535:
480:
422:
The next day, 2 December 1918, the
Romanian National Council of Transylvania formed a government under the name of the
231:
1191:
1104:"Law regarding the Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, the Satu Mare and Maramureș with the Old Kingdom of Romania"
1978:
1973:
1084:
1046:
498:
The choice of 1 December, though not explicitly declared in the law, referred to the unification of the provinces of
1706:
1297:
732:
119:
22:
1629:
1988:
1711:
963:
737:
1983:
1595:
713:
571:
249:
649:
is fired in the background. Following this, in the
Kiseleff Road parade, the president lays a wreath at the
638:
1866:
1652:
1435:
966:[The political elites of Transylvania to the achievement of the Great Union on December 1st 1918].
906:"24 ianuarie 1859: 'Mica Unire', primul pas spre România. Unirea Principatelor Române sub domnia lui Cuza"
2013:
2008:
1993:
786:
645:, made partly from musicians of the 30th Guards Brigade and a combined military and civilian choir as a
1770:
1617:
1450:
1321:
709:
1503:
1351:
843:
558:
had to gesture to him to stop. This signal was captured on film and spread widely by the mass media.
1590:
1763:
1585:
1556:
265:
1322:
National Day of Romania site with information about the event and webcam showing 2005 celebrations
1805:
1223:
757:
599:
2018:
1689:
1561:
1541:
1479:
461:
441:
1267:[Foreign military detachments parading alongside the Romanian Army. Parade premiere].
790:
1815:
1600:
1265:"Detașamente militare străine care au defilat alături de Armata României. Premieră la paradă"
705:
595:
519:
476:
1499:
1132:[Law No. 10 of 31 July 1990, Regarding the Proclamation of Romania's national day].
329:
on 24 January 1859. This act, sometimes known as the Little Union, is now celebrated as the
1568:
1407:
1402:
1344:
622:
296: – pictured in white); the definitive borders would not be drawn until 1920.
1758:
8:
2023:
1741:
1573:
1158:[Marko Bela: We Hungarians cannot celebrate December 1st. What does Funar say?].
1028:
326:
219:
191:
813:
603:
1907:
1509:
781:
752:
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515:
449:
241:
211:
566:
1832:
1746:
1684:
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1445:
1240:[Military parade in Bucharest on the National Day of Romania] (in Romanian).
1186:
1080:
1042:
685:
587:
554:, then the prime minister, showed such pleasure at these repeated interruptions that
175:
70:
56:
964:"Elitele politice din Transilvania în realizarea Marii Uniri de la 1 decembrie 1918"
518:
in 1918. The choice of this day as a national holiday was seen as an affront to the
1820:
1493:
1489:
1129:
997:
353:
1930:
1827:
1483:
1412:
1107:
1070:
747:
650:
607:
579:
547:
238:
1331:
1156:"Marko Bela: Noi, maghiarii, nu putem sarbatori la 1 decembrie. Funar ce zice?"
1106:. Romanian Institute for Cultural Remembrance. 11 December 1918. Archived from
693:
491:. The decision combated in some amount sympathy with the tradition of Romanian
245:
1464:
1213:
1130:"Lege Nr. 10 din 31 iulie 1990 privind proclamarea zilei nationale a Romaniei"
37:
1962:
1514:
701:
672:
The parade proper then begins at this point which is usually led by a massed
646:
261:
1896:
1810:
1551:
998:"The Resolution of the National Assembly in Alba-Iulia on December 1, 1918"
741:
539:
499:
484:
385:
199:
511:
424:
Directing Council of Transylvania, Banat and the Romanian Lands in Hungary
397:
285:
1886:
1524:
1519:
1374:
1325:
677:
673:
629:
parade. As Commander in Chief, the president receives the report of the
555:
551:
488:
434:
358:
301:
215:
1737:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region
1289:
444:
signed the Law regarding the Union of Transylvania, Banat, Crișana, the
365:
615:
614:
is held in honor of the occasion. A parade is also held in the city of
531:
401:
227:
203:
129:
100:
1214:"Discursul lui Corneliu Coposu de la Alba Iulia, din 1 Decembrie 1990"
530:
The first 1 December national holiday saw the largest celebrations in
507:
393:
289:
626:
611:
104:
1290:"Moldovan service members take part in military parade in Bucharest"
975:
935:[Unification Day marked with wreath-laying and folk music].
546:
was signed. They were marked by significant political polarization:
276:
1216:[Corneliu Coposu's speech in Alba Iulia, 1 December 1990].
1079:] (in Romanian). Vol. 1. Editura Tipomur. pp. 1–563.
878:
492:
207:
384:, consisting of 1,228 elected representatives of the Romanians in
1800:
1369:
1218:
697:
318:
257:
195:
115:
88:
84:
933:"Ziua Unirii, marcată cu depuneri de coroane și muzică populară"
723:
and then followed by the massed bands marching off the square.
689:
637:
before inspecting and greeting the guard of honor. After this,
445:
719:
The parade is then ended with the Honour Guard Company of the
503:
389:
357:
Romanian troops marching in Transylvania (here Piața Unirii,
293:
1759:
Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa
1238:"Parada militară la București, de Ziua Națională a României"
876:[Day of the Union of the Romanian Principalities].
1041:(in Romanian). Editura Matthias Corvinus. pp. 1–139.
816:[The Great Union of 1918 - a historical miracle].
336:
268:(then called Stalin Square and later Aviators' Square).
198:, celebrated on 1 December, marking the unification of
522:, which signified for them a loss in political power.
167:
Map of Romania in 1919 with new regions annexed to it.
846:[TITLE III – Working time and rest periods].
331:
Day of the Unification of the Romanian Principalities
155:
Day of the Unification of the Romanian Principalities
1936:
2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania
1035:
Romanians and Hungarians in the whirlwind of history
664:
Eyes to the right, by the left, forward, quick march
844:"TITLUL III – Timpul de muncă şi timpul de odihnă"
714:Honor Guard Company of the Moldovan National Army
1960:
1752:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
1332:Union of Transylvania with Romania (in Romanian)
1436:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja
1184:[How December 1, 1990 was celebrated].
814:"Marea Unire din anul 1918 – o minune istorică"
660:Parade... attention! Ceremonial pass in review!
1926:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal
1378:
1352:
641:is then performed by the Massed Bands of the
469:
226:of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in
1608:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
1892:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania
1002:Romanian Institute for Cultural Remembrance
561:
248:) in 1877. From 1948, during the period of
1359:
1345:
36:
811:
410:Romanian National Council of Transylvania
252:, the national holiday was on 23 August,
16:National holiday in Romania on 1 December
1262:
1182:"Cum a fost sărbătorit 1 decembrie 1990"
565:
364:
352:
349:1918 Romanian National Assembly election
275:
256:, to mark the 1944 overthrow of the pro-
214:in 1918, something that is known as the
162:
1862:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia
1030:Români și maghiari în vârtejul istoriei
1961:
1242:Ministry of National Defence (Romania)
1226:from the original on 21 December 2021.
1026:
254:Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day
218:. This holiday was declared after the
1663:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
1431:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
1340:
1098:
1096:
1068:
961:
930:
635:Michael the Brave 30th Guards Brigade
570:A Counter-Terrorism Battalion of the
382:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
371:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
343:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
337:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
323:unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
313:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
44:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
2004:Recurring events established in 1990
1579:Central Powers occupation of Romania
943:from the original on 4 December 2023
886:from the original on 24 January 2020
704:, with specific units including the
525:
1263:Curtifan, Tudor (2 December 2019).
631:Chief of the Romanian General Staff
13:
1093:
874:"Ziua Unirii Principatelor Române"
232:Union of Transylvania with Romania
99:Military parades (most notably in
14:
2035:
1315:
1300:from the original on 15 June 2020
1058:– via hungarianhistory.com.
854:from the original on 18 June 2017
1463:
1368:
1008:from the original on 8 June 2011
931:Ionel, Iloae (21 January 2021).
882:(in Romanian). 24 January 2020.
733:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
376:On 1 December 1918 (November 18
23:Unification Day (disambiguation)
1680:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1658:Great Romanian National Council
1630:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia
1441:Romanian annexation of Silistra
1282:
1256:
1230:
1206:
1174:
1148:
1122:
1062:
1969:1990 establishments in Romania
1623:Romanian occupation of Hungary
1020:
990:
955:
924:
912:(in Romanian). 24 January 2021
898:
866:
836:
805:
769:
738:Union of Bukovina with Romania
676:and foreign troops before the
1:
1190:(in Romanian). Archived from
763:
625:is the guest of honor at the
572:Romanian Intelligence Service
520:Hungarian minority of Romania
448:, and Maramureș with the Old
306:
281:
120:Alba Iulia Orthodox Cathedral
1867:National Museum of the Union
1653:General Congress of Bukovina
1446:Conquest of Southern Dobruja
1136:(in Romanian). 1 August 1990
974:(2): 207–217. Archived from
602:(Constitution Square) or on
534:, the location in which the
479:dominated by members of the
7:
1451:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916
726:
681:academies and NCO schools.
10:
2040:
1999:Public holidays in Romania
1771:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
710:United States Marine Corps
606:just within metres of the
470:Declaration of the holiday
346:
340:
310:
299:
292:, and possibly the entire
271:
20:
1916:
1879:
1875:
1857:
1850:
1791:
1784:
1729:
1699:
1668:Declaration of Alba Iulia
1638:
1540:
1533:
1472:
1461:
1423:
1395:
1388:
598:either on the grounds of
592:Parada Militară Națională
536:proclamation of the union
440:On 11 December 1918 King
280:Romanian postcard issued
150:
135:
125:
111:
95:
80:
66:
61:Ziua Națională a României
52:
35:
30:
1979:Autumn events in Romania
1974:Annual events in Romania
1840:Unification with Romania
1764:Transnistria Governorate
1613:Second Romanian campaign
812:Sigmirean, Ioan (2018).
618:and other major cities.
584:National Military Parade
582:known officially as the
562:National Military Parade
481:National Salvation Front
266:Charles de Gaulle Square
250:Communist administration
1904:(Romanian national day)
1776:Moscow Protocol of 1948
1717:Union with Transylvania
1552:First Romanian war plan
758:History of Transylvania
333:(or Little Union Day).
264:, with parades held in
224:Great National Assembly
1618:Hungarian–Romanian War
1586:1917 Romanian Campaign
1562:Battle of Transylvania
1557:1916 Romanian Campaign
1480:Ferdinand I of Romania
1379:
1027:Du Nay, Alain (2008).
962:Grecu, Florin (2018).
777:"Romania – Government"
591:
578:Every year, an annual
575:
467:
373:
369:The Resolution of the
362:
297:
260:government of Marshal
179:
168:
74:
60:
1989:Great Union (Romania)
1816:Transnistria conflict
1707:Union with Bessarabia
1601:Third Battle of Oituz
1269:www.defenseromania.ro
1118:– via cimec.ro.
1069:Galea, Aurel (1996).
937:Monitorul de Botoșani
706:Slovenian Guards Unit
639:Deșteaptă-te, române!
596:Romanian Armed Forces
569:
454:
368:
356:
279:
222:and commemorates the
166:
1984:December observances
1569:The Romanian Debacle
1408:Romanian irredentism
1403:Romanian nationalism
623:President of Romania
21:For other uses, see
1801:Republic of Moldova
1742:Second Vienna Award
1712:Union with Bukovina
1596:Battle of Mărășești
1574:Battle of Bucharest
1296:. 1 December 2016.
848:Romanian Labor Code
721:30th Guards Brigade
327:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
321:appeared after the
288:, a bigger part of
230:, who declared the
220:Romanian Revolution
2014:Society of Romania
2009:Culture of Romania
1994:Parades in Romania
1908:Trianon Treaty Day
1510:Alexandru Averescu
1500:Ion I. C. Brătianu
1244:. 22 November 2019
1194:on 3 December 2011
1162:. 27 November 2008
782:The World Factbook
753:Kingdom of Romania
686:emergency vehicles
643:Bucharest Garrison
600:Piața Constituției
576:
574:on parade in 2008.
464:, 11 December 1918
452:, decreeing that:
450:Kingdom of Romania
374:
363:
298:
169:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1833:Gagauzia conflict
1747:Treaty of Craiova
1725:
1724:
1685:Treaty of Trianon
1675:Directing Council
1591:Battle of Mărăști
1459:
1458:
1187:Evenimentul Zilei
526:First celebration
487:by the president
419:was also formed.
161:
160:
47:(1 December 1918)
2031:
1877:
1876:
1855:
1854:
1821:Transnistria War
1789:
1788:
1730:Disestablishment
1639:Institutions and
1538:
1537:
1490:Marie of Romania
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789:. Archived from
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678:active personnel
604:Șoseaua Kiseleff
465:
432:
418:
283:
212:Romanian Kingdom
192:national holiday
180:Ziua Marii Uniri
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81:Observed by
75:Ziua Marii Uniri
40:
28:
27:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
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2030:
2029:
2028:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1940:
1931:Centenary March
1912:
1902:Great Union Day
1871:
1846:
1828:Gagauz Republic
1780:
1721:
1695:
1690:Treaty of Paris
1640:
1634:
1543:
1529:
1468:
1455:
1419:
1413:Greater Romania
1384:
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1160:stirileprotv.ro
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1038:
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970:(in Romanian).
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820:(in Romanian).
818:Arhiva Someșană
810:
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770:
766:
748:Greater Romania
729:
662:
651:Arcul de Triumf
608:Arcul de Triumf
580:military parade
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548:Corneliu Coposu
528:
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184:Unification Day
172:Great Union Day
151:Related to
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139:1 December 2024
87:
48:
46:
31:Great Union Day
26:
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11:
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1504:Prime Minister
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