867:
1006:
933:
75:
446:
50:
197:
396:
31:
442:, great snipes make non-stop flights of 4,000–7,000 km, lasting 60–90 h. During these flights, great snipes repeatedly changed altitudes around dawn and dusk, between average cruising heights about 2,000 m (above sea level) at night and around 4,000 m during daytime. Most birds regularly flew at 6,000 m and one bird reached 8,700 m, possibly the highest altitude ever recorded for a migrating bird.
369:
477:
In 2012, there were estimated to be between 15,000 and 40,000 great snipe in
Scandinavia and between 450,000 and 1,000,000 in western Siberia and northeastern Europe. The species is experiencing a population decline, owing primarily to habitat loss, as well as to hunting in eastern Europe and in its
403:
The birds are noted for their fast, non-stop flying capabilities over huge distances. They can fly up to 97 km/h (60 mph), with researchers finding little evidence of wind assistance. Some have been recorded to fly non-stop for 84 hours over 6,760 km (4,200 mi) at altitudes up to
952:
411:(arena), standing erect with chest puffed and tail fanned out. They may jump into the air, and will produce a variety of rattles, clicks, buzzes and whistles while displaying. Three to four eggs are laid in a well-hidden nest on the ground.
422:, and occasional plant material. They are difficult to see, being well camouflaged in their habitat. When flushed from cover, they fly straight for a considerable distance before dropping back into vegetation.
719:
Lindström, Åke; Alerstam, Thomas; Andersson, Arne; Bäckman, Johan; Bahlenberg, Peter; Bom, Roeland; Ekblom, Robert; Klaassen, Raymond H.G.; Korniluk, Michał; Sjöberg, Sissel; Weber, Julia K.M. (August 2021).
404:
8700 metres. Their wings are not especially aerodynamic, lacking pointed tips, and they typically do not stop to feed despite having opportunities. The birds instead rely on stores of fat.
2463:
380:
and have a shorter bill. The body is mottled brown on top and barred underneath. They have a dark stripe through the eye. The wings are broad, and a pale wingbar is visible in flight.
807:
777:
387:. Mating display calls of groups can be heard at long distances (more than 300 m (330 yd)) and sound like a mixture of firecracker wind-up xylophone sounds.
2768:
376:
At 26–30 cm (10–12 in) in length and a 42–50 cm (17–20 in) wingspan, adults are only slightly larger, but much bulkier, than the
2593:
2738:
479:
2645:
785:
616:
2554:
2606:
1033:
2671:
624:
2611:
836:
610:
2567:
2502:
2763:
2697:
2650:
2533:
465:, dating back to about 4.465 Ma ±0.865M. This suggests that the bird must have at some point relocated across the
2546:
2515:
922:
2758:
2632:
835:
Lindström, Å.; Alerstam, T.; Bahlenberg, P.; Ekblom, R.; Fox, J.W.; Råghall, J.; Klaassen, R.H.G. (2016).
2424:
555:
311:
237:
186:
2429:
643:
Klaassen, Raymond H.G.; Alerstam, Thomas; Carlsson, Peter; Fox, James W.; Lindström, Åke (25 May 2011).
1026:
533:
2572:
74:
2702:
2393:
2366:
980:
866:
2753:
1812:
944:
1583:
2689:
813:. Agreement on the Conservation of African - Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA). November 2015
2598:
2411:
2328:
1949:
1556:
1547:
1466:
1448:
1403:
1215:
2624:
939:
2748:
2684:
1958:
1719:
1224:
1019:
315:
169:
2489:
2416:
2375:
2244:
1710:
1430:
1361:
733:
913:
693:
8:
2044:
1776:
1592:
1379:
1294:
905:
510:
39:
2380:
874:
Løfaldli, L.; Kålås, J.A.; Fiske, P. (1992). "Habitat selection and diet of Great Snipe
737:
722:"Extreme altitude changes between night and day during marathon flights of great snipes"
2743:
2437:
2208:
2181:
2086:
1866:
1830:
1502:
1188:
1179:
1152:
1005:
932:
891:
669:
644:
439:
224:
69:
645:"Great flights by great snipes: long and fast non-stop migration over benign habitats"
352:
is Latin for "intermediate", because this species is intermediate in size between the
2450:
2163:
2145:
2053:
2035:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1839:
1821:
1794:
1752:
1493:
1370:
1285:
1206:
759:
751:
674:
620:
414:
These birds forage in soft mud, probing or picking up food by sight. They mainly eat
353:
1011:
970:
598:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 275.
593:
576:
559:
2455:
2262:
2190:
1785:
1743:
1565:
1484:
1457:
1276:
1120:
1046:
958:
887:
855:
741:
664:
656:
528:
2442:
2715:
2658:
2520:
2468:
1967:
1884:
1875:
1848:
1669:
1574:
1520:
1475:
1346:
1337:
1161:
1077:
126:
54:
2637:
997:
2541:
2528:
2253:
2172:
2062:
2026:
1803:
1529:
1267:
466:
462:
431:
295:
746:
721:
2732:
2619:
2271:
2226:
2104:
2077:
1701:
1197:
1170:
755:
519:
59:
2507:
2351:
2154:
2095:
1511:
763:
678:
660:
377:
357:
987:
2580:
2360:
2280:
2235:
1538:
965:
482:
as "Near
Threatened". The great snipe is one of the species to which the
2403:
2710:
2663:
2559:
2217:
2136:
1917:
1601:
1412:
974:
445:
408:
283:
859:
484:
Agreement on the
Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
196:
2119:
1932:
1684:
1320:
1042:
419:
326:
278:
146:
136:
86:
2585:
2481:
2322:
2310:
2345:
1982:
1610:
1439:
1394:
1091:
1065:
330:
106:
395:
30:
2494:
2388:
1734:
834:
718:
2676:
1857:
1767:
1421:
1250:
1135:
1059:
1001:
992:
435:
415:
299:
291:
287:
96:
504:
502:
2476:
338:
334:
274:
270:
1071:
642:
499:
487:
407:
At dusk during the breeding season, the males display at a
116:
478:
African wintering range. The species is classified by the
368:
1640:
581:. Vol. 3. London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. 133.
310:
The great snipe was described by the
English naturalist
302:. The European breeding population is in steep decline.
508:
1041:
873:
534:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22693093A111105264.en
461:Fossils of the great snipe have been uncovered in
782:Fossilworks: Gateway to The Paleobiology Database
2730:
1248:
480:International Union for Conservation of Nature
282:. This bird's breeding habitat is marshes and
1027:
906:Great snipe at Handbook of Birds of the World
612:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
578:A general synopsis of birds. Volume 3 Part 1
564:. London: Leigh & Sotheby. p. 292.
561:Supplement to the General synopsis of birds
1034:
1020:
1004:
931:
595:Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 2
195:
48:
29:
2769:Taxa named by John Latham (ornithologist)
841:: intriguing variations on a grand theme"
745:
691:
668:
638:
636:
532:
444:
394:
390:
367:
608:
286:with short vegetation in north-eastern
2731:
770:
633:
591:
574:
554:
2739:IUCN Red List near threatened species
2327:
2326:
1639:
1090:
1015:
615:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
2547:6279bb74-8ba0-478f-aee1-289305d9c5e2
800:
778:"†Capella media Latham 1787 (snipe)"
520:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1094:(Numeniinae–Limosinae–Arenariinae)
892:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1992.tb07227.x
837:"The migration of the great snipe
828:
694:"Dubbelbeckasinen slår höjdrekord"
602:
383:The voice is described as a faint
14:
2780:
899:
865:
784:. 3 January 2009. Archived from
692:Liljemalm, Anna (30 June 2021).
321:. The name of the current genus
73:
988:Field Guide: Birds of the World
971:Audio recordings of Great snipe
914:BirdLife species factsheet for
509:BirdLife International (2017).
712:
685:
585:
568:
548:
363:
1:
493:
348:, "resembling". The specific
955:at VIREO (Drexel University)
808:"Agreement Text and Annexes"
425:
399:Engraving from Naumann, 1905
7:
2573:great-snipe-gallinago-media
305:
10:
2785:
456:
290:, including north-western
2335:
2305:
2117:
2075:
1980:
1930:
1908:
1901:
1765:
1732:
1682:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1635:
1584:Buff-breasted sandpiper (
1392:
1359:
1318:
1311:
1241:
1133:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1054:
959:Interactive range map of
953:Great snipe photo gallery
747:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.047
609:Jobling, James A (2010).
592:Peters, J.L, ed. (1934).
527:: e.T22693093A111105264.
472:
230:
223:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1950:Short-billed dowitcher (
1643:(Tringinae–Scolopacinae)
1557:Spoon-billed sandpiper (
1548:Semipalmated sandpiper (
1467:White-rumped sandpiper (
1449:Broad-billed sandpiper (
1404:Sharp-tailed sandpiper (
1216:Bristle-thighed curlew (
945:Internet Bird Collection
848:Journal of Avian Biology
698:Forskning & Framsteg
218: Non-breeding range
2764:Birds described in 1787
1959:Long-billed dowitcher (
1813:Nordmann's greenshank (
1225:Slender-billed curlew (
909:(subscription required)
344:, "hen" and the suffix
2245:South American snipe (
1711:Red-necked phalarope (
661:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0343
453:
400:
373:
2685:Paleobiology Database
2045:New Guinea woodcock (
1777:Grey-tailed tattler (
1380:Henderson sandpiper (
1295:Black-tailed godwit (
575:Latham, John (1785).
448:
398:
391:Behaviour and ecology
371:
2759:Birds of Scandinavia
2542:Fauna Europaea (new)
2087:Subantarctic snipe (
1867:Solitary sandpiper (
1831:Greater yellowlegs (
1720:Wilson's phalarope (
1503:Pectoral sandpiper (
1189:Far Eastern curlew (
1180:Hudsonian whimbrel (
1153:Long-billed curlew (
732:(15): 3433–3439.e3.
269:) is a small stocky
212: Breeding range
2054:Eurasian woodcock (
2036:Moluccan woodcock (
2018:American woodcock (
2009:Sulawesi woodcock (
2000:Bukidnon woodcock (
1840:Common greenshank (
1822:Wandering tattler (
1795:Lesser yellowlegs (
1753:Spotted sandpiper (
1494:Western sandpiper (
1431:Baird's sandpiper (
1371:Tuamotu sandpiper (
1286:Bar-tailed godwit (
1207:Eurasian whimbrel (
1191:N. madagascariensis
940:"Great snipe media"
738:2021CBio...31E3433L
294:. Great snipes are
40:Conservation status
2263:Pin-tailed snipe (
2191:Madagascar snipe (
1786:Spotted redshank (
1744:Common sandpiper (
1593:Temminck's stint (
1566:Red-necked stint (
1485:Purple sandpiper (
1458:Curlew sandpiper (
1277:Hudsonian godwit (
1121:Upland sandpiper (
966:IUCN Red List maps
878:during breeding".
788:on 7 February 2023
454:
440:sub-Saharan Africa
430:In their seasonal
401:
374:
2726:
2725:
2329:Taxon identifiers
2320:
2319:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2209:Swinhoe's snipe (
2182:Jameson's snipe (
2130:
1993:
1968:Asian dowitcher (
1943:
1897:
1896:
1885:Common redshank (
1876:Marsh sandpiper (
1849:Green sandpiper (
1695:
1670:Terek sandpiper (
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1575:Long-toed stint (
1521:Least sandpiper (
1476:Stilt sandpiper (
1347:Black turnstone (
1338:Ruddy turnstone (
1331:
1307:
1306:
1261:
1237:
1236:
1162:Eurasian curlew (
1146:
923:"Gallinago media"
860:10.1111/jav.00829
626:978-1-4081-2501-4
314:in 1787 with the
257:
256:
252:
241:
63:
2776:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2638:NBNSYS0000000185
2628:
2627:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2549:
2537:
2536:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2394:BCCD5840C7A6D538
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2324:
2323:
2254:Solitary snipe (
2173:Imperial snipe (
2164:Latham's snipe (
2146:Wilson's snipe (
2129:
2128:
2124:
2063:Javan woodcock (
2027:Amami woodcock (
2002:S. bukidnonensis
1992:
1991:
1987:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1906:
1905:
1804:Wood sandpiper (
1694:
1693:
1689:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1586:C. subruficollis
1530:Rock sandpiper (
1349:A. melanocephala
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1268:Marbled godwit (
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1008:
949:
935:
930:
910:
895:
870:
869:
863:
845:
823:
822:
820:
818:
812:
804:
798:
797:
795:
793:
774:
768:
767:
749:
716:
710:
709:
707:
705:
689:
683:
682:
672:
640:
631:
630:
606:
600:
599:
589:
583:
582:
572:
566:
565:
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
536:
506:
250:
235:
217:
211:
199:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2754:Birds of Europe
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2716:Gallinago-media
2714:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2659:Observation.org
2657:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2469:gallinago-media
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2381:Gallinago_media
2379:
2374:
2367:Gallinago media
2365:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2337:Gallinago media
2331:
2321:
2316:
2289:
2274:G. stricklandii
2272:Fuegian snipe (
2227:African snipe (
2193:G. macrodactyla
2126:
2125:
2123:
2113:
2105:Chatham snipe (
2071:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1976:
1970:L. semipalmatus
1939:
1938:
1936:
1926:
1893:
1761:
1728:
1702:Red phalarope (
1691:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1645:
1642:
1619:
1604:C. tenuirostris
1388:
1373:P. parvirostris
1355:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1303:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1233:
1227:N. tenuirostris
1198:Little curlew (
1171:Eskimo curlew (
1142:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1078:Charadriiformes
1050:
1049:: Scolopacidae)
1040:
982:Gallinago media
961:Gallinago media
938:
921:
916:Gallinago media
908:
902:
876:Gallinago media
864:
843:
839:Gallinago media
831:
829:Further reading
826:
816:
814:
810:
806:
805:
801:
791:
789:
776:
775:
771:
726:Current Biology
717:
713:
703:
701:
690:
686:
649:Biology Letters
641:
634:
627:
607:
603:
590:
586:
573:
569:
553:
549:
539:
537:
513:Gallinago media
507:
500:
496:
475:
459:
451:Gallinago media
428:
393:
366:
308:
298:, wintering in
266:Gallinago media
246:
244:Gallinago major
242:
219:
215:
213:
209:
190:
183:
179:Gallinago media
177:
164:
127:Charadriiformes
72:
64:
55:Near Threatened
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2782:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2564:
2551:
2538:
2529:Fauna Europaea
2525:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2398:
2385:
2372:
2357:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2229:G. nigripennis
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2155:Common snipe (
2152:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2102:
2096:Snares snipe (
2093:
2089:C. aucklandica
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2047:S. rosenbergii
2042:
2038:S. rochussenii
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1961:L. scolopaceus
1956:
1946:
1944:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1878:T. stagnatilis
1873:
1864:
1860:T. semipalmata
1855:
1846:
1837:
1833:T. melanoleuca
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1532:C. ptilocnemis
1527:
1518:
1512:Little stint (
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1469:C. fuscicollis
1464:
1455:
1451:C. falcinellus
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
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2157:G. gallinago
2156:
2147:
2138:
2137:Puna snipe (
2118:
2106:
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2078:Coenocorypha
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2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1981:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1940:(Dowitchers)
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1918:Jack snipe (
1910:Lymnocryptes
1909:
1902:Scolopacinae
1886:
1877:
1869:T. solitaria
1868:
1859:
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1842:T. nebularia
1841:
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1787:
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1755:A. macularia
1754:
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1692:(Phalaropes)
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1602:Great knot (
1594:
1585:
1577:C. subminuta
1576:
1567:
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1523:C. minutilla
1522:
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1413:Sanderling (
1406:C. acuminata
1405:
1393:
1381:
1372:
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1348:
1340:A. interpres
1339:
1328:(Turnstones)
1319:
1296:
1288:L. lapponica
1287:
1278:
1269:
1249:
1226:
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1208:
1199:
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886:(1): 35–43.
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550:
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137:Scolopacidae
24:Great snipe
18:
2581:iNaturalist
2361:Wikispecies
2311:Boyd (2019)
2283:G. undulata
2184:G. jamesoni
2148:G. delicata
2065:S. saturata
1990:(Woodcocks)
1933:Limnodromus
1851:T. ochropus
1815:T. guttifer
1806:T. glareola
1797:T. flavipes
1779:T. brevipes
1722:P. tricolor
1672:X. cinereus
1487:C. maritima
1312:Arenariinae
1209:N. phaeopus
1173:N. borealis
1000:media from
998:Great snipe
792:17 December
540:11 November
490:) applies.
364:Description
312:John Latham
284:wet meadows
261:great snipe
2733:Categories
2711:Xeno-canto
2265:G. stenura
2238:G. nobilis
2107:C. pusilla
2098:C. huegeli
1952:L. griseus
1920:L. minimus
1887:T. totanus
1713:P. lobatus
1685:Phalaropus
1613:C. virgata
1611:Surfbird (
1559:C. pygmaea
1550:C. pusilla
1442:C. canutus
1440:Red knot (
1433:C. bairdii
1362:Prosobonia
1200:N. minutus
1164:N. arquata
1105:Numeniinae
1043:Sandpipers
975:Xeno-canto
494:References
432:migrations
420:earthworms
2744:Gallinago
2309:Based on
2211:G. megala
2139:G. andina
2120:Gallinago
1824:T. incana
1654:Tringinae
1541:C. pugnax
1514:C. minuta
1424:C. alpina
1297:L. limosa
1258:(Godwits)
1242:Limosinae
1143:(Curlews)
1113:Bartramia
1058:Kingdom:
756:0960-9822
426:Migration
372:In flight
327:Neo-Latin
323:Gallinago
296:migratory
279:Gallinago
204:Range of
155:Species:
148:Gallinago
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2625:22693093
2599:10189636
2495:45513587
2417:22693093
2412:BirdLife
2401:BioLib:
2346:Wikidata
2202:G. media
2127:(Snipes)
2020:S. minor
1983:Scolopax
1858:Willet (
1496:C. mauri
1422:Dunlin (
1395:Calidris
1382:P. sauli
1321:Arenaria
1270:L. fedoa
1136:Numenius
1066:Chordata
1064:Phylum:
1060:Animalia
764:34197730
679:21613283
558:(1787).
434:between
356:and the
354:woodcock
331:woodcock
306:Taxonomy
225:Synonyms
206:G. media
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2560:2481831
2482:gresni1
2443:gresni1
2389:Avibase
2029:S. mira
1735:Actitis
1415:C. alba
1076:Order:
1070:Class:
927:Avibase
817:25 June
734:Bibcode
704:30 June
670:3210655
619:, 244.
457:Fossils
449:Egg of
416:insects
342:gallina
273:in the
240:, 1787)
189:, 1787)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2703:416701
2690:368017
2677:416701
2651:114734
2612:176704
2516:EURING
2352:Q27171
1768:Tringa
1539:Ruff (
1251:Limosa
1047:family
1002:ARKive
993:Flickr
762:
754:
677:
667:
623:
473:Status
436:Sweden
329:for a
300:Africa
292:Russia
288:Europe
238:Latham
216:
210:
187:Latham
2698:WoRMS
2594:IRMNG
2534:96825
2503:EUNIS
2477:eBird
2456:6K9FQ
2430:52541
1662:Xenus
844:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
350:media
339:Latin
337:from
335:snipe
275:genus
271:wader
2672:OBIS
2646:NCBI
2620:IUCN
2607:ITIS
2586:3919
2555:GBIF
2521:5200
2508:1058
2425:BOLD
2404:8647
1072:Aves
880:Ibis
819:2016
794:2021
760:PMID
752:ISSN
706:2021
675:PMID
621:ISBN
542:2021
525:2017
488:AEWA
438:and
418:and
385:yeah
346:-ago
259:The
117:Aves
2664:308
2633:NBN
2568:IBC
2490:EoL
2464:CMS
2451:CoL
2438:BOW
2376:ADW
991:on
985:in
973:on
964:at
888:doi
884:134
856:doi
742:doi
665:PMC
657:doi
617:170
529:doi
409:lek
333:or
325:is
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
