1129:
crises, pushed margins higher," he said in a note. "And, most surprisingly, they still continue to do so, even as their raw material costs fall away. Consumers are still 'tolerating' this 'excuseflation', possibly because excess largesse has provided households with a buffer. ... Isabella Weber, an economist at the
University of Massachusetts Amherst, has shown which kinds of companies are able to benefit from a crisis, giving academic support for what she considers a rational capitalist reaction to a crisis, one that allows them to make even bigger profits when consumers are primed to expect prices to rise in leaps and bounds.
831:
decades ago? ... There is not much disagreement that many companies have marked up goods in excess of their own rising costs. ... When all prices are rising, consumers lose track of how much is reasonable to pay. ... But most of the public argument has been about whether companies with more market share have been affecting prices once goods are finished and delivered. And that's where many economists become skeptical, noting that if these increasingly powerful corporations had so much leverage, they would have used it before the pandemic.
1742:
demand hasn't really blinked. Companies have been raising prices and we have been paying them. In fact, in many parts of the economy, spending has been rising right along with prices. ... And when our buying slows down, Wolfers says, companies will start lowering prices to entice us to buy: Prices will fall and inflation will ease. But, until demand drops, companies will push prices up as much as they can. It's elementary.
1076:, the executive director of the left-leaning Groundwork Collaborative. Profiteering 'is an accelerant of price increases,' she told me. 'It is not the primary cause.'...More recent developments have also weakened the greedflation theory. Inflation has remained high...But the stock market has plummeted;...If the pursuit of profits were driving more inflation, you would not expect to see that.
1364:
the public's need for vaccines or computer chips far outstrips their supply, then it would be good for the makers of such things to have more capital at their disposal. On the other hand, if such producers earn windfall profits, then disperse them to investors rather than reinvesting them, there is a case for public policy to change their incentives or redistribute their earnings.
1039:
their profitability has been able to increase because the demand increases for their products have more than offset their cost increases. ... Salvador said there is nothing to keep the prices from increasing as long as "there isn't competition that will help drive down the prices so that they have a reason to actually be more reasonable."
1104:
consumer advocates arguing that corporations are using inflation as a justification for passing on even higher price hikes to consumers. ... To be sure, inflation is rising sharply due to a number of underlying economic issues, such as supply-chain bottlenecks, labor shortages and strong demand from consumers.
525:
contested the idea that greedflation was a significant factor in post-pandemic inflation, noting that many of the studies rely on correlation not causation. He also provides an example of how a used car salesman would see profits improve on his existing inventory without cost increases as one example
1038:
According to quarterly reports for Tyson, the nation's largest meat processor, the company posted $ 3 billion in profit in 2021. ... Other major meat suppliers are also posting similar profits. Some analysts like
Salvador believe the numbers don't add up. ... But what we see at the same time is that
1741:
Wolfers says companies are always trying to charge as much as they possibly can. In fact, the only reason we're not all paying $ 800 for a pair of socks or a cheeseburger is simply due to greed in another form: competition. ... "Inflation is coming from demand," says
Wolfers. In spite of inflation,
1363:
Similarly, one can make a case for windfall-profits taxes and anti-price-gouging measures without endorsing the greedflation hypothesis. In my own view, it isn't necessarily all bad for producers of high-demand goods to earn high profits — if they reinvest those profits into expanded production. If
518:
found that U.S. auto manufacturers and dealers shifted from a high volume-low margin business model before the pandemic to a low volume-high margin model after the pandemic. A 2023 study published by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics found dealer markups outpaced input costs, driving 35% to 62% of new
501:
found that U.S. grocery and beverage retailers had increased their margins by nearly two percentage points since the eve of the pandemic, to the highest level in two decades. The analysis found that grocer margins had remained elevated as the inflation surge eased, though margins for other types of
409:
story reported that despite the costs of doing business falling in recent months, many large corporations have continued to raise prices, contributing to the recent inflation surge. The article warned that inflation due to profit-taking could lead to an economic downturn created by sustained higher
1969:
As the Chart of the Week shows, the higher inflation so far mainly reflects higher profits and import prices, with profits accounting for 45 percent of price rises since the start of 2022. That's according to our new paper, which breaks down inflation, as measured by the consumption deflator, into
1128:
Andrew Bailey, the Bank of
England governor, says he has no evidence that excessive profits are pushing up inflation beyond where it would be if companies simply passed on extra costs to consumers, ... Albert Edwards, a senior analyst at Société Générale, ... "Companies under the cover of recent
830:
When thinking about greedflation, it's helpful to break it down into three questions: Are companies charging more than necessary to cover their rising costs? If so, is that enough to meaningfully accelerate inflation? And is all this happening because large companies have market power they didn't
488:
found that from
February 2020 through May 2023, gasoline retailing profit margins had increased 62%. Isabella Weber warned in December of 2023 that energy prices are so volatile that special attention should be paid to them to try and keep future supply shocks from causing more sellers' inflation
226:
released a report in March 2024 finding that some large retailers did not drop prices when input costs dropped. The study found some large retailers sought to gain an advantage over smaller competitors by threatening suppliers with large fines if strict delivery requirements were not met. The FTC
1904:
A New York Times analysis of over 2,000 publicly traded companies outside the financial sector found that most of them increased sales faster than expenses, a remarkable feat when the cost of wages, raw materials and components was rising and supply chains were out of whack. As a result, profit
132:
inflation increased significantly, and some people blamed this on an increase in some corporations' profits.. Proponents of the theory pointed to data showing that corporate profits outpaced inflation. Economists interviewed by PolitiFact believe rising costs of goods, labor and real estate are
1946:
Inflation has proved more stubborn than central banks bargained for when prices started surging two years ago. Now some economists think they know why: Businesses are using a rare opportunity to boost their profit margins...According to economists at the ECB, businesses have been padding their
195:
Some economists have stated that during times of high inflation, consumers know prices are increasing but may not have a good understanding of what reasonable prices should be, allowing retailers to raise prices faster than the cost inflation they are experiencing, resulting in larger profits.
1103:
Some of the nation's largest retailers have been using soaring inflation rates as an excuse to raise prices and rake in billions of dollars in additional profit, a corporate watchdog group charged on Friday. ... The report highlights an ongoing debate about the causes of inflation, with some
119:
Collins
Dictionary defines it as either, "the use of inflation as an excuse to raise prices to artificially high levels in order to increase corporate profits" or "an increase in the price of goods and services caused by businesses increasing their prices by more than their costs have risen."
348:
In 2022, several economists stated that price gouging could be a minor contributor to continuing inflation, but it is not one of the major underlying causes that started this surge. Justin
Wolfers, an economist at the University of Michigan quotes Jason Furman, who served as chair of the
271:
Eric Levitz argues that windfall taxes are worth pursuing regardless of whether greedflation is a major factor or not, as it would incentivize producers to invest in expanding production (which takes pressure off of prices) instead of giving out dividends to shareholders.
365:
criticized the entire concept of 'greedflation' as 'nonsense' and claimed that rising prices are not due to 'greedy companies' but are a natural result of supply and demand issues caused by the cash infusion to the economy which took place during the pandemic.
357:
said, "Blaming inflation on greed is like blaming a plane crash on gravity. It is technically correct, but it entirely misses the point." Wolfers states that companies will always charge the highest prices possible, but that competition keeps prices in check.
227:
also objected to continued elevated profit margins as evidence that there was not enough competition in the grocery sector. The FTC and several state attorneys general in
February 2024 sued to block a proposed $ 25 billion merger between large grocery chains
1905:
margins, which measure how much money a business makes on each dollar of sales, rose well above the prepandemic average. On the whole, companies made an estimated $ 200 billion in additional operating profits last year because of that increase in margins.
519:
vehicle inflation from 2019 to 2022. Isabella Weber argues that the shortage of chips gave existing producers a 'temporary monopoly' where they did not have to worry about new entrants, allowing them to raise prices. In July 2023, Eric Levitz in
526:
of how companies can get unusual profits without improper behavior. However, he find one argument plausible, even if unproven, that supply shocks could result in greedflation as shortages make it harder for new entrants to gain market share.
449:
economists found in May 2023 that businesses were using the surge as a rare opportunity to boost their profit margins, finding it was a bigger factor than rising wages in fueling inflation during the second half of 2022. An
154:
Some economists and politicians argue that the market concentration that has occurred in recent decades in some major industries, especially retailing, has given companies the ability to wield near-monopolistic
304:
Eric Levitz argues that these laws are worth pursuing regardless of whether greedflation is a major factor or not. Isabella Weber recommends strict price gouging legislation, praising the 2023 proposal in
402:, released a study showing markup growth likely contributed more than 50 percent to inflation in 2021, far above normal. However, the markup itself could be due to expectations around future costs.
178:
in the United States has also been cited as an example where profits went up industry-wide as prices went up, with some pointing to consolidation and a lack of competition as an underlying cause.
1970:
labor costs, import costs, taxes, and profits. Import costs accounted for about 40 percent of inflation, while labor costs accounted for 25 percent. Taxes had a slightly deflationary impact.
1778:"How Much Have Record Corporate Profits Contributed to Recent Inflation? - Firms raised markups during 2021 in anticipation of future cost pressures, contributing substantially to inflation"
1714:
Many
Democrats blame price-gouging companies for the worst surge in Americans' cost of living in more than a generation. But economists, including several who are left-leaning, disagree.
181:
Many economists responded by noting that if these large corporations indeed had so much market power, they could have used it to increase prices at any time, regardless of the pandemic.
1894:"After a Bumper 2021, Companies Might Struggle to Increase Profits - Businesses face headwinds as demand weakens, the Federal Reserve raises rates and government stimulus programs end"
252:
taxes have gained renewed interest following the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and subsequent surges in energy and food prices. As major American and British oil producers (
1196:
844:
783:
1429:
174:
received criticism as price gouging, with critics pointing to their 65% share of Australia's grocery market and their higher prices in neighborhoods with less competition. The
439:
across more than 2,000 publicly traded companies were well above the pre-pandemic average during the year, as corporate profits reached a record high. Economists at the
323:
Isabella Weber and her colleagues argue for price caps. Paul Krugman changed his mind and expressed interest in adding price caps to the toolkit to flight inflation.
159:. Isabella Weber and Evan Wasner say firms with a lot of market power in consolidated industries can raise prices under the cover of inflation as a form of implicit
46:
Organizations and notable people that have expressed concern about inflation alleged to have resulted from outsized or unusually high corporate profits include: the
1991:
1098:
1067:
736:
275:
Thomas Baunsgaard and Nate Verson of the IMF recommend implementing permanent windfall profit taxes on fossil fuel extraction but not temporary taxes or taxes on
944:
1960:
1117:
825:
74:, and anti-price gouging measures like price caps. Organizations and notable people who dispute the concept or are less concerned about greedflation include
969:
264:
producers, which expected to raise £5 billion to pay for a government scheme that reduced household energy costs. In October of that year, U.S. President
133:
bigger drivers of inflation than corporate profits. Combatting inflation by ensuring corporations are not taking excessive profits has been cited by some
1171:
2088:
1380:
506:, a practice of reducing portion or quantity sizes of packaged foods while maintaining the same price, was keeping profit margins higher than usual.
1754:
1002:
709:
1703:
2048:
1500:
563:
1466:
Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; Merced, Michael J. de la; Hirsch, Lauren; Mullin, Benjamin (2024-08-16).
764:
2014:
869:
1777:
1158:
Consumers seem to be buying stories that seem to justify price increases, but which really serve as cover for profit margin expansion.
1845:
1637:
1601:
1545:
World Inequality Lab is co-directed by the influential economist Thomas Piketty, the author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century...
1307:
535:
2063:
1937:
1530:
1293:
1274:
419:
in December 2023, "There is broad consensus among economists that the role of profits in fueling inflation is one feature of the
395:
argued that though price gouging is not the main cause of inflation, there is a lot of evidence it is aggravating the situation.
373:
argues that greedflation 'is for sure a thing' but is not a primary driver of inflation when averaged out across all industries.
279:. They argue that the taxes should always target a clear measure of excess profits and not be tied to price levels or revenue.
1947:
profits. That, they said, was a bigger factor in fuelling inflation during the second half of last year than rising wages were
85:
1673:
894:
919:
484:
when it fell much more slowly than they had increased their prices when costs rose. Analysis published in June 2023 by the
1704:"Democrats' 'Greedflation' Claims Run Up Against Scant Evidence - Some Democrats accuse companies of bilking US consumers"
1348:
2213:
2162:
1983:
1505:
440:
399:
55:
1094:
1467:
1059:
23:
is driven by increases in corporate profits. The theory espouses that such inflation can arise from mechanisms such as
1730:
199:
Some data has also emerged suggesting that greedflation is easing in 2024 from consumers become more discriminating.
443:
found that in 2022 profit margins of US companies reached their highest level since the aftermath of World War II.
817:
382:
134:
2133:
1221:
920:"'No-one has to earn a 30pc profit rate': Coles accused of gouging shoppers as they struggle to put food on table"
621:
2113:
1893:
1874:
654:
2208:
1762:
1027:
1558:
1240:
454:
study published in June 2023 found that rising corporate profits accounted for almost half of the increase in
423:
that made it different from the 1970s. Yet how much of a role profits played is the subject of controversy."
268:
threatened to seek a windfall profit tax if the industry did not increase production to curb gasoline prices.
1322:
870:"Woolworths and Coles will be asked to explain their profits and higher prices today. Here's what to expect"
498:
350:
138:
1918:
1964:
476:
subsided, oil companies found that supply chain constrictions, already exacerbated by the ongoing global
473:
451:
47:
2029:
1792:
1255:
2198:
485:
109:
2064:"Biden calls out 'shrinkflation' as part of a broader strategy to reframe how voters view the economy"
2188:
420:
338:
678:
2183:
2151:
309:
to cap price increases during emergencies to 10% for consumers as well as for businesses upstream.
223:
59:
1826:
1142:
2218:
945:"Yes, Australia's big supermarkets have been price gouging. But fixing the problem won't be easy"
521:
415:
171:
784:"Harris zeroes in on high food and housing prices as inflation plays a big role in the campaign"
751:
There is a growing consensus across the world that corporate greed is the new villain in town...
502:
retailers had fallen back to historical levels. President Joe Biden and others asserted that
446:
190:
71:
51:
36:
2167:
1430:"Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz calls for windfall profits tax in Australia"
1060:"Inflation and Price Gouging - We look at whether "greedflation" is causing higher prices"
8:
970:"Typical Aldi grocery bill 25% cheaper than at major supermarkets, Choice research finds"
244:
97:
1824:
1028:"Inflation or "corporate greed"? Meat prices increased by double digits during pandemic"
2193:
1804:
1410:
595:
235:, arguing the deal would reduce competition and likely lead to higher consumer prices.
167:
1984:"The good times are rolling for Big Oil. 3 things to know about their surging profits"
2203:
1808:
1796:
1645:
1609:
1501:"Energy costs: Views of leading economists on windfall taxes and consumer price caps"
1475:
1437:
1414:
1402:
977:
629:
571:
477:
129:
1072:
But inflation gives greedy, monopolistic companies a chance to take advantage, said
1788:
1570:
1392:
1172:"Harris zeroes in on high food prices as inflation dominates the presidential race"
306:
276:
2138:
1825:
Martin Arnold; Patricia Nilsson; Colby Smith; Delphine Strauss (March 29, 2023).
1222:"Large Grocers Took Advantage of Pandemic Supply Chain Disruptions, F.T.C. Finds"
283:
213:
1961:"Europe's Inflation Outlook Depends on How Corporate Profits Absorb Wage Gains"
1898:
1731:"The mystery of rising prices. Are greedy corporations to blame for inflation?"
1708:
1275:"Oil Giants, With Billions in Profits, Face Criticism and an Uncertain Outlook"
1118:"Greedflation: are large firms using crises as cover to push up their profits?"
1095:"Companies use inflation to hike prices and generate huge profits, report says"
287:
113:
89:
63:
1674:"The truth behind Harris' inflation and corporate greed claims | CNN Business"
1575:
1397:
1323:"Biden Accuses Oil Companies of 'War Profiteering' and Threatens Windfall Tax"
480:, supported price inelasticity, i.e., they began lowering prices to match the
2177:
1800:
1649:
1613:
1479:
1441:
1406:
1073:
981:
633:
575:
503:
467:
436:
386:
318:
299:
261:
249:
175:
76:
32:
24:
2156:
1958:
1776:
Glover, Andrew; Mustre-del-Río, José; von Ende-Becker, Alice (2023-01-12).
1526:
1122:
943:
Hurst, Bree; Richards, Carol; Johnson, Hope; Messner, Rudolf (2024-05-08).
622:"Barbiecore? Bed rotting? Greedflation? Dictionary.com adds new 2024 words"
481:
392:
354:
257:
217:
156:
93:
67:
28:
1846:"Companies Push Prices Higher, Protecting Profits but Adding to Inflation"
1531:""Polluting elite" belch out far more than their fair share of emissions"
1143:"Fed should make clear that rising profit margins are spurring inflation"
655:"'Bed Rotting,' 'Girl Dinner,' and Dictionary.com's Other New 2024 Words"
389:
or "greedflation" exacerbated the inflation surge in the United States.
256:) reported record profits in the first half of 2022 the UK imposed a 25%
2152:"What has been driving inflation? Economists' thinking may have changed"
1875:"Outsize Profits Helped Drive Inflation. Now Consumers Are Pushing Back"
1559:"Excess Profit Taxes: Historical Perspective and Contemporary Relevance"
895:"Are you being gouged at the supermarket check-out? Here's what we know"
714:
232:
818:"Is 'Greedflation' Rewriting Economics, or Do Old Rules Still Apply?"
540:
455:
265:
108:
The term 'Greedflation' was a candidate for word of the year for the
20:
1256:"Exxon and Chevron Report Record Profits on High Oil and Gas Prices"
1775:
1032:
40:
2089:"'Greedflation' is the new inflation as corporate profits balloon"
70:. Some proposed remedies include pursuing anti-trust enforcement,
1959:
Niels-Jakob Hansen; Frederik Toscani; Jing Zhou (June 26, 2023).
1003:"What to know about the looming supermarket price-gouging review"
737:"ExplainSpeaking: What is Greedflation? Does India also have it?"
253:
228:
160:
1241:"Unprecedented profit for major oil drillers as prices soared"
710:"Fact-check: Sen. Casey blamed rising prices on corporations"
2111:
1308:"UK lawmakers approve windfall tax on oil and gas producers"
765:"Price-Gouging Crusade Electrifies Democratic Rank and File"
564:"'AI' named most notable word of 2023 by Collins dictionary"
2114:"Why Is Inflation So Stubborn? Cars Are Part of the Answer"
1938:"Why Is Inflation So Sticky? It Could Be Corporate Profits"
942:
2015:"High profit margins on gasoline are costing drivers more"
1827:"Central bankers warn companies on fatter profit margins"
1735:
81:
1557:
Hebous, Shafik; Prihardini, Dinar; Vernon, Nate (2022).
1465:
472:
Shortly after initial energy price shocks caused by the
166:
In Australia in 2023 and 2024, major supermarket chains
1785:
The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review
497:
An analysis published in early 2024 by the White House
1556:
1197:"FTC calls out profits as a driver of grocery prices"
845:"FTC calls out profits as a driver of grocery prices"
376:
2030:"Biden Takes Aim at Grocery Chains Over Food Prices"
1844:
Smith, Talmon Joseph; Rennison, Joe (May 30, 2023).
385:
politicians and other observers have contended that
1638:"What if We're Thinking About Inflation All Wrong?"
1602:"What if We're Thinking About Inflation All Wrong?"
1109:
343:
1672:Goldman, David; Buchwald, Elisabeth (2024-08-20).
2134:"Once a fringe theory, greedflation gets its due"
1919:"Corporate profits hit a new record high in 2021"
1892:Eavis, Peter; Talmon, Joseph Smith (2022-05-31).
1793:10.18651/er/v108n1glovermustredelriovonendebecker
1724:
1722:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
596:"AI named word of the year by Collins Dictionary"
43:-like power and external shocks to the economy.
2175:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1379:Baunsgaard, Thomas; Vernon, Nate (August 2022).
1378:
1294:"U.S. gasoline prices are finally falling. Why?"
19:is a term used to describe the theory that some
2112:Lydia DePillis; Jeanna Smialek (May 20, 2023).
1671:
781:
1885:
1719:
1381:"Taxing Windfall Profits in the Energy Sector"
1349:"The 'Greedflation' Debate Is Deeply Confused"
1081:
1044:
1019:
800:
1843:
1690:
1891:
1728:
1701:
1498:
1468:"The War on Prices Hits the Campaign Trail"
2046:
2027:
1000:
458:inflation during the preceding two years.
293:
2047:Benveniste, Alexis (September 24, 2023).
1702:Smith, Molly; Wasson, Erik (2022-05-19).
1574:
1396:
1253:
1238:
1025:
867:
514:An analysis published in May 2023 by the
207:
2163:"How Harris could tackle food inflation"
2049:"The costly economic trend here to stay"
1916:
1291:
815:
536:Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign
238:
184:
2086:
1140:
1093:Brooks, Khristopher J. (May 27, 2022).
967:
509:
2176:
2012:
1981:
1935:
1872:
1820:
1818:
1635:
1599:
1525:
1374:
1372:
1346:
1272:
1169:
1092:
917:
892:
762:
619:
561:
1868:
1866:
1769:
1667:
1665:
1631:
1629:
1595:
1593:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1320:
1273:Klauss, Clifford (October 28, 2022).
1254:Simonetti, Isabella (July 29, 2022).
1194:
1115:
1057:
842:
782:Masquelier-Page, Alice (2024-08-16).
734:
86:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
2061:
2028:Tankersley, Jim (February 1, 2024).
1427:
1101:from the original on June 25, 2022.
1070:from the original on June 25, 2022.
1001:Staszewska, Ewa (January 10, 2024).
828:from the original on June 25, 2022.
703:
701:
699:
652:
557:
555:
332:
202:
1815:
1755:""Greedflation" is a nonsense idea"
1506:Centre for Economic Policy Research
1369:
1219:
1213:
441:University of Massachusetts Amherst
400:Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
56:Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
13:
2127:
1863:
1662:
1626:
1590:
1499:Vaitilingam, Romesh (2022-09-19).
1454:
1333:
1239:Bussewitz, Cathy (July 29, 2022).
836:
763:Whalen, Jeanne (August 23, 2024).
707:
377:Arguments in support of the theory
14:
2230:
2145:
1994:from the original on May 21, 2022
1917:Phillips, Matt (March 31, 2022).
1873:Hannon, Paul (December 2, 2023).
1729:Vanek Smith, Stacy (2022-11-29).
1321:Baker, Peter (October 31, 2022).
1292:Sanicola, Laura (July 14, 2022).
1220:Ngo, Madeleine (March 21, 2024).
1141:Donovan, Paul (2 November 2022).
696:
613:
552:
492:
489:(Weber's term for greedflation).
431:A 2021 analysis conducted by the
426:
282:Other notable supporters include
149:
1026:Bojorquez, Manuel (2022-03-09).
968:Barrett, Jonathan (2024-06-19).
816:DePillis, Lydia (June 3, 2022).
413:According to Paul Hannon of the
344:Arguments critical of the theory
2105:
2080:
2055:
2040:
2021:
2006:
1982:Cronin, Brittany (7 May 2022).
1975:
1952:
1929:
1910:
1837:
1747:
1550:
1519:
1492:
1421:
1314:
1300:
1285:
1266:
1247:
1232:
1188:
1163:
1134:
1058:Lopez, German (June 14, 2022).
994:
961:
936:
911:
886:
861:
620:Bisset, Victoria (2024-02-13).
461:
329:has argued against price caps.
2013:Newman, Rick (July 25, 2023).
1636:Carter, Zachary (2023-06-06).
1600:Carter, Zachary (2023-06-06).
868:Ainsworth, Kate (2024-04-15).
775:
756:
728:
671:
646:
588:
103:
1:
2087:Mueller, Julia (2023-06-20).
1116:Inman, Phillip (2023-03-24).
562:Addley, Esther (2023-11-01).
546:
312:
144:
1936:Hannon, Paul (May 3, 2023).
1195:Burns, Tobias (2024-03-29).
918:Taylor, David (2024-02-27).
893:Taylor, David (2024-01-24).
843:Burns, Tobias (2024-03-29).
653:Shah, Simmone (2024-02-13).
499:Council of Economic Advisers
351:Council of Economic Advisers
139:2024 United States elections
7:
1965:International Monetary Fund
1347:Levitz, Eric (2023-07-08).
1170:Colvin, Jill (2024-08-15).
529:
474:Russian invasion of Ukraine
452:International Monetary Fund
421:recent inflationary episode
381:In the United States, some
10:
2235:
2214:Anti-competitive practices
735:Misra, Udit (2023-06-26).
486:Bureau of Labor Statistics
465:
336:
316:
297:
290:, among other economists.
242:
211:
188:
123:
2062:Boak, Josh (2024-03-08).
1576:10.5089/9798400221729.001
1428:Karp, Paul (2022-07-18).
1398:10.5089/9798400218736.068
1310:. Reuters. July 11, 2022.
339:2021-2023 inflation surge
112:in 2023 and was added to
224:Federal Trade Commission
2165:(September 3, 2024) in
1942:The Wall Street Journal
1879:The Wall Street Journal
294:Anti price gouging laws
208:Anti-trust enforcement
2209:Pricing controversies
1184:– via PBS News.
447:European Central Bank
398:In January 2023, the
239:Windfall profit taxes
191:Information asymmetry
185:Information asymmetry
72:windfall profit taxes
52:European Central Bank
37:information asymmetry
1529:(February 1, 2023).
788:The Associated Press
510:Motor vehicle prices
163:-like coordination.
1243:. Associated Press.
769:Wall Street Journal
416:Wall Street Journal
258:windfall profit tax
245:Windfall profit tax
128:In the wake of the
2154:(May 12, 2023) on
2136:(May 13, 2023) by
2118:The New York Times
2034:The New York Times
1850:The New York Times
1563:IMF Working Papers
1472:The New York Times
1327:The New York Times
1279:The New York Times
1260:The New York Times
1226:The New York Times
1064:The New York Times
822:The New York Times
741:The Indian Express
683:Collins Dictionary
602:. October 31, 2023
110:Collins Dictionary
2199:Political economy
708:Czopek, Madison.
478:COVID-19 pandemic
333:Economic analysis
203:Proposed remedies
130:COVID-19 pandemic
2226:
2189:2020s neologisms
2122:
2121:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
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2059:
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2044:
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2037:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2017:. Yahoo Finance.
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1933:
1927:
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1914:
1908:
1907:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1761:. Archived from
1751:
1745:
1744:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1699:
1688:
1687:
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1660:
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1176:Associated Press
1167:
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1016:
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992:
991:
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988:
965:
959:
958:
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955:
949:The Conversation
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
915:
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908:
906:
905:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
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858:
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840:
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813:
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747:
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725:
723:
722:
705:
694:
693:
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689:
675:
669:
668:
666:
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650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
617:
611:
610:
608:
607:
592:
586:
585:
583:
582:
559:
410:interest rates.
369:In August 2024,
353:under President
277:renewable energy
2234:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2184:2023 neologisms
2174:
2173:
2148:
2130:
2128:Further reading
2125:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2081:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1976:
1957:
1953:
1934:
1930:
1915:
1911:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1842:
1838:
1831:Financial Times
1823:
1816:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1765:on 6 July 2023.
1753:
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1700:
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1147:Financial Times
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718:
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284:Joseph Stiglitz
250:Windfall profit
247:
241:
220:
214:Competition law
212:Main articles:
210:
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193:
187:
152:
147:
126:
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35:resulting from
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2147:
2146:External links
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2054:
2039:
2020:
2005:
1974:
1951:
1928:
1909:
1899:New York Times
1884:
1862:
1836:
1814:
1768:
1746:
1718:
1709:Bloomberg News
1689:
1661:
1642:The New Yorker
1625:
1606:The New Yorker
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679:"Greedflation"
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516:New York Times
511:
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493:Grocery prices
491:
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437:profit margins
433:New York Times
428:
427:Profit margins
425:
407:New York Times
378:
375:
361:In July 2023,
345:
342:
337:Main article:
334:
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317:Main article:
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298:Main article:
295:
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288:Isabella Weber
243:Main article:
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189:Main article:
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150:Monopoly power
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114:Dictionary.com
105:
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90:Justin Wolfers
64:Isabella Weber
33:windfall gains
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1353:Intelligencer
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1074:Lindsay Owens
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522:Intelligencer
517:
507:
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504:shrinkflation
500:
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468:Fossilflation
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387:price gouging
384:
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363:The Economist
359:
356:
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319:Price ceiling
310:
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300:Price gouging
291:
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262:North Sea oil
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176:meat industry
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157:pricing power
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137:ahead of the
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77:The Economist
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25:price gouging
22:
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2157:Planet Money
2155:
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2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2082:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:
2057:
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2033:
2023:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1987:
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1968:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1878:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:
1839:
1830:
1784:
1771:
1763:the original
1758:
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1734:
1713:
1707:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1653:. Retrieved
1641:
1617:. Retrieved
1605:
1582:December 12,
1580:. Retrieved
1566:
1562:
1552:
1544:
1538:. Retrieved
1535:Mother Jones
1534:
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1504:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1471:
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1434:The Guardian
1433:
1423:
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1362:
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1352:
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1200:
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1175:
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1121:
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1102:
1097:. CBS News.
1071:
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1006:
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974:The Guardian
973:
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637:. Retrieved
625:
615:
604:. Retrieved
599:
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579:. Retrieved
568:The Guardian
567:
520:
515:
513:
496:
482:price of oil
471:
462:Fossil fuels
445:
432:
430:
414:
412:
406:
404:
397:
393:Robert Reich
391:
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221:
218:Price fixing
198:
194:
180:
165:
153:
127:
118:
107:
94:Jason Furman
75:
68:Robert Reich
45:
29:price fixing
17:Greedflation
16:
15:
1152:12 February
435:found that
405:A May 2023
260:on British
104:Definitions
2178:Categories
2098:2024-08-21
2073:2024-08-21
1683:2024-08-21
1655:2024-08-29
1619:2024-08-29
1569:(187): 1.
1540:2024-08-28
1512:2024-08-28
1485:2024-08-29
1447:2024-08-26
1358:2024-08-26
1296:. Reuters.
1206:2024-08-17
1181:2024-08-21
1012:2024-08-20
987:2024-08-20
954:2024-08-20
929:2024-08-20
904:2024-08-20
879:2024-08-20
854:2024-08-17
793:2024-08-29
746:2024-08-21
721:2024-09-01
715:PolitiFact
664:2024-08-21
639:2024-08-21
606:2024-08-21
581:2024-08-21
547:References
466:See also:
383:Democratic
313:Price caps
233:Albertsons
172:Woolworths
145:Mechanisms
116:in 2024.
98:Noah Smith
2194:Inflation
1809:256654064
1801:0161-2387
1650:0028-792X
1614:0028-792X
1480:0362-4331
1442:0261-3077
1415:252105037
1407:2957-4390
1385:IMF Notes
982:0261-3077
634:0190-8286
576:0261-3077
541:Lina Khan
456:euro area
266:Joe Biden
135:Democrats
21:inflation
2204:Politics
2168:The Hill
2093:The Hill
1992:Archived
1201:The Hill
1099:Archived
1068:Archived
1033:CBS news
1007:SBS News
924:ABC News
899:ABC News
874:ABC News
849:The Hill
826:Archived
530:See also
307:New York
41:monopoly
2068:AP News
254:Big Oil
124:History
2051:. BBC.
1998:25 May
1855:31 May
1807:
1799:
1648:
1612:
1478:
1440:
1413:
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229:Kroger
161:cartel
96:, and
66:, and
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2139:Axios
1923:Axios
1805:S2CID
1781:(PDF)
1411:S2CID
355:Obama
168:Coles
31:, or
2000:2022
1857:2023
1797:ISSN
1646:ISSN
1610:ISSN
1584:2023
1567:2022
1476:ISSN
1438:ISSN
1403:ISSN
1389:2022
1154:2023
978:ISSN
690:2024
659:TIME
630:ISSN
572:ISSN
286:and
231:and
222:The
216:and
170:and
1988:NPR
1789:doi
1736:NPR
1678:CNN
1571:doi
1393:doi
600:BBC
371:CNN
327:CNN
82:CNN
60:FTC
48:IMF
2180::
2116:.
2091:.
2066:.
2032:.
1990:.
1986:.
1967:.
1963:.
1944:.
1940:.
1921:.
1902:.
1896:.
1877:.
1865:^
1848:.
1829:.
1817:^
1803:.
1795:.
1787:.
1783:.
1757:.
1739:.
1733:.
1721:^
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1543:.
1533:.
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1436:.
1432:.
1409:.
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1277:.
1258:.
1224:.
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1156:.
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1126:.
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1036:.
1030:.
1005:.
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802:^
786:.
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749:.
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