1400:
60:, theoretical, philosophical or aesthetic, is fraught with two problems: there are few examples of written music, and there are many, sometimes fragmentary, theoretical and philosophical accounts. The empirical research of scholars like Richard Crocker, C. AndrĂŠ Barbera, and John Chalmers has made it possible to look at the ancient Greek systems as a whole without regard to the tastes of any one ancient theorist. The primary genera they examine are those of Pythagoras and the
7154:
4265:
7164:
7174:
4255:
1325:
1313:
1305:
1285:
2037:, i.12), melic composition is subdivided into three classes: dithyrambic, nomic, and tragic. These parallel his three classes of rhythmic composition: systaltic, diastaltic and hesychastic. Each of these broad classes of melic composition may contain various subclasses, such as erotic, comic and panegyric, and any composition might be elevating (diastaltic), depressing (systaltic), or soothing (hesychastic).
1932:(áźÎ¸ÎżĎ or ៌θοĎ), in this context best rendered by "character" (in the sense of patterns of being and behaviour, but not necessarily with "moral" implications), to describe the ways music can convey, foster, and even generate emotional or mental states. Beyond this general description, there is no unified "Greek ethos theory" but "many different views, sometimes sharply opposed." Ethos is attributed to the
2117:
Such pieces of music were called melos, which in its perfect form (teleion melos) comprised not only the melody and the text (including its elements of rhythm and diction) but also stylized dance movement. Melic and rhythmic composition (respectively, melopoiĂŻa and rhuthmopoiĂŻa) were the processes of
510:
The elaboration of tetrachords was also accompanied by penta- and hexachords. The joining of a tetrachord and a pentachord yields an octachord, i.e. the complete seven-tone scale plus a higher octave of the base note. However, this was also produced by joining two tetrachords, which were linked by
362:
recognizes that, if the interval of a fourth goes up from any given note, and then up the interval of a fifth, the final note is an octave above the first note. Thus, the octave is made up of a fourth and a fifth. ... Philolaus's scale thus consisted of the following intervals: 9:8, 9:8, 256:243 ,
909:
Based on the above, it can be seen that the
Aristoxene system of tones and octave species can be combined with the Pythagorean system of "genera" to produce a more complete system in which each octave species of thirteen tones (Dorian, Lydian, etc.) can be declined into a system of seven tones by
3621:
is an
American composer and academic; something of a complement to the above Aristoxenus but, dealing with the earlier and arithmetically precise Archytas. An incidental note. Erickson is keen to demonstrate that Archytas' tuning system not only corresponds with Plato's
134:
The central three columns of the diagram show, first the modern note-names, then the two systems of symbols used in ancient Greece: the vocal symbols (favoured by singers) and instrumental symbols (favoured by instrument players). The modern note-names are given in the
1988:), with implications for the well-being of the State. Many other ancient authors refer to what is nowadays called psychological effect of music and draw judgments for the appropriateness (or value) of particular musical features or styles, while others, in particular
1802:
differently, presenting all seven octave species within a fixed octave, through chromatic inflection of the scale degrees (comparable to the modern conception of building all seven modal scales on a single tonic). In
Ptolemy's system, therefore there are only seven
566:
in considerable ranges. Instead of using discrete ratios to place the intervals in his scales, Aristoxenus used continuously variable quantities: as a result he obtained scales of thirteen notes to an octave, and considerably different qualities of consonance.
1900:
have quite distinct natures from one another, so that those who hear them are differently affected and do not respond in the same way to each. To some, such as the one called
Mixolydian, they respond with more grief and anxiety, to others, such as the relaxed
127:
737:
were named analogously to the octave species, supplemented with new terms to raise the number of degrees from seven to thirteen. In fact, Aristoxenus criticized the application of these names by the earlier theorists, whom he called the "Harmonicists".
401:
Archytas provided a rigorous proof that the basic musical intervals cannot be divided in half, or in other words, that there is no mean proportional between numbers in super-particular ratio (octave 2:1, fourth 4:3, fifth 3:2, 9:8).
745:
the
Hypodorian is the lowest, and the Mixolydian is next-to-highest: the reverse of the case of the octave species. The nominal base pitches are as follows (in descending order, after Mathiesen; Solomon uses the octave between
1909:
to have this effect, while
Phrygian creates ecstatic excitement. These points have been well expressed by those who have thought deeply about this kind of education; for they cull the evidence for what they say from the facts
172:. Note that Greek theorists described scales as descending from higher pitch to lower, which is the opposite of modern practice and caused considerable confusion among Renaissance interpreters of ancient musicological texts.
550:
according to the harmonic theory of that time, which was however quite different from that of the ancient Greeks. Thus the names Dorian, Lydian etc. should not be taken to imply a historical continuity between the systems.
2024:
Cleonides describes "melic" composition, "the employment of the materials subject to harmonic practice with due regard to the requirements of each of the subjects under consideration" â which, together with the scales,
1888:(iii.10â11) Plato describes the music a person is exposed to as molding the person's character, which he discusses as particularly relevant for the proper education of the guardians of his ideal State. Aristotle in the
1918:
From what has been said it is evident what an influence music has over the disposition of the mind, and how variously it can fascinate itâand if it can do this, most certainly it is what youth ought to be instructed
1329:
after a letter indicates an approximately half-flattened version of the named note; the exact degree of flattening intended depending on which of several tunings was used. Hence a three-tone falling-pitch sequence
542:" named after Greek regions and ethnicities â Dorian, Lydian, etc. This association of the ethnic names with the octave species appears to have preceded Aristoxenus, and the same system of names was revived in the
191:, in modern terms. The sub-intervals of the tetrachord were unequal, with the largest intervals always at the top, and the smallest at the bottom. The 'characteristic interval' of a tetrachord is its largest one.
1317:
only as meaning the immediate prior letter in the alphabet. This complication is unnecessary in Greek notation, which had distinct symbols for each pitch, in set of three: half-flat, flat, or natural notes.
538:
who flourished in the 4th century BC. He introduced a radically different model for creating scales, and the nature of his scales deviated sharply from his predecessors. His system was based on seven "
1478:) is incorrect: The species were re-tunings of the central octave such that the sequences of intervals (the cyclical modes divided by ratios defined by genus) corresponded to the notes of the
347:
construed the intervals arithmetically, allowing for 1:1 = Unison, 2:1 = Octave, 3:2 = Fifth, 4:3 = Fourth. Pythagoras's scale consists of a stack of perfect fifths, the ratio 3:2 (see also
3446:, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Apud Ludovicum Elzevirium. Facsimile reprint in Monuments of Music and Music Literature in Facsimile, Second Series: Music Literature 51. New York: Broude Bros., 1977.
176:
3562:
is a musician and composer who has attempted to reconstruct ancient Greek music using a combination of the ancient texts (to be performed) and his own understanding of ancient music.
917:
names in the following table are the original Greek ones, followed by later alternatives (Greek and other). The species and notation are built around the template of the Dorian.
151:
1976:
was the first Greek theorist to point out that ethos does not only reside in the individual parameters but also in the musical piece as a whole (cited in Pseudo-Plutarch,
7407:
322:
In sum, it is clear that the
Ancient Greeks conceived of a unified system with the tetrachord as the basic structure, but the octave as the principle of unification.
30:
This article is about the music theory and musical intervals used in ancient Greece. For a discussion of the cultural aspects and history of ancient Greek music, see
7373:
3539:. Gives detailed examples of the construction of Aolus (reed pipe instruments) and monochord, which might help reconstruct the intervals and modes of the Greeks.
2004:), deny that music possesses any influence on the human person apart from generating pleasure. These different views anticipate in some way the modern debate in
1309:
is used to accommodate as far as possible the modern musical convention that demands every note in a scale to have a distinct, sequential letter; so interpret
92:
As an initial introduction to the principal names and divisions of the
Ancient Greek tone system this article will give a depiction of the "perfect system" or
1980:
32: 1142d ff; see also
Aristides Quintilianus 1.12). The Greeks were interested in musical ethos particularly in the context of education (so Plato in his
730:
to
Aristoxenus, which represent a transposition of the tones of the Pythagorean system into a more uniform progressive scale over the range of an octave.
218:
tetrachords. These are shown on the right hand side of the diagram. Octaves were composed from two stacked tetrachords connected by one common tone, the
1844:
is regarded not as a scale, but as the epitome of the stylised singing of a particular district or people or occupation. When the late 6th-century poet
140:
1289:) are used merely to adhere to the modern convention of that all standard pitches in an octave are assigned a distinct, sequential alphabetic letter.
229:, the continuity of the system encounters a boundary (at b-flat, b). To retain the logic of the internal divisions of the tetrachords and avoid the
126:
7545:
7369:
4301:
3427:
3277:
3256:
3235:
2827:
1905:, with more mellowness of mind, and to one another with a special degree of moderation and firmness, Dorian being apparently the only one of the
1869:
uses the term inclusively to encompass a particular type of scale, range and register, characteristic rhythmic pattern, textual subject, etc.
339:
After the discovery of the fundamental intervals (octave, fourth and fifth), the first known systematic divisions of the octave were those of
1833:
can signify the enharmonic genus of tetrachord, the seven octave species, or a style of music associated with one of the ethnic types or the
1972:, with the original conception of assigning ethos to the various musical parameters according to the general categories of male and female.
3490:
291:. The first two of these are the same as the first two tetrachords of the Greater Perfect System, with a third tetrachord placed above the
3051:
3018:
53:, into several complex systems encompassing tetrachords and octaves, as well as octave scales divided into seven to thirteen intervals.
5901:
3698:
3208:. Publications of the Center for the History of Music Theory and Literature. Vol. 2. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
382:, contemporary and friend of Plato, who explained the use of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means in tuning musical instruments.
123:, and the system as a whole in one complete map. (Half-sharp and double-sharp notes not used with the depicted notes are omitted.)
515:, a set of five tetrachords linked by conjunction and disjunction into arrays of tones spanning two octaves, as explained above.
3512:
3405:
Musici scriptores graeci: Aristoteles, Euclides, Nicomachus, Bacchius, Gaudentius, Alypius et melodiarum veterum quidquid exstat
2972:
17:
343:
to whom was often attributed the discovery that the frequency of a vibrating string is inversely proportional to its length.
511:
means of an intermediary or shared note. The final evolution of the system did not end with the octave as such but with the
503:
Within these basic forms, the intervals of the chromatic and diatonic genera were varied further by three and two "shades" (
5289:
7571:
4294:
5911:
5601:
5294:
5228:
5299:
5274:
3451:
3341:
3213:
3163:
2982:
2950:
2942:
315:(systema ametabolon). The lowest tone does not belong to the system of tetrachords, as is reflected in its name, the
7108:
5284:
5279:
7210:
5751:
5611:
5606:
4883:
2847:. Translated by Ellis, William. London, UK / Toronto, ON / New York, NY: J.M. Dent (UK, CA) / E.P. Dutton (NY).
7135:
5776:
5190:
4287:
3691:
2128:
325:
Below is an elaboration of the mathematics that led to the logic of the system of tetrachords just described.
156:
3668:, dedicated to the recreation of ancient Greek and Roman music and playing scores written on inscriptions and
7130:
6687:
6180:
5696:
5616:
5314:
5024:
7566:
7103:
5632:
5086:
3644:
719:) was used in four senses, for it could designate a note, an interval, a region of the voice, and a pitch.
150:. The pitches of the notes in modern notation are conventional, going back to the time of a publication by
3334:
Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The extant melodies and fragments edited and transcribed with commentary
6158:
5766:
5642:
5304:
5258:
5213:
4989:
4678:
4199:
4063:
3436:
3272:
3251:
3230:
2822:
2052:
1430:, the diatonic of Henderson and Chalmers chromatic versions. Chalmers, from whom they originate, states:
598:
6697:
3599:â Full of interesting and insightful mathematical analysis. There are some original hypotheses outlined.
6819:
6692:
5825:
5820:
5796:
5706:
5223:
4321:
2928:
442:) still had variable tunings. Tetrachords were classified into genera depending on the position of the
3313:. Erlanger Beiträge zur Sprach- und Kunstwissenschaft. Vol. 31. Nuremberg, DE: Hans Carl Verlag.
1399:
7177:
7120:
6076:
5879:
5864:
5786:
5721:
5041:
4936:
4410:
4344:
4268:
4159:
4134:
3925:
3684:
3355:
3156:
The Power and Value of Music: Its effect and ethos in classical authors and contemporary music theory
2897:
434:
arose after the framing interval of the tetrachord was fixed, because the two internal notes (called
5688:
5668:
4866:
4524:
2961:
Die Hymnen des Dionysius und Mesomedes: Text und Melodieen nach Handschriften und den alten Ausgaben
1434:
In the enharmonic and chromatic forms of some of the harmoniai, it has been necessary to use both a
7460:
5874:
5837:
5771:
5437:
5324:
4169:
4119:
4008:
3915:
1816:
136:
578:
187:, which were series of four descending tones, with the top and bottom tones being separated by an
7586:
7499:
7435:
7157:
6281:
6081:
6066:
5869:
5852:
5832:
5801:
5701:
5637:
5253:
5238:
5208:
5169:
5046:
4898:
4400:
4258:
4129:
3583:â A mid-19th century edition, but free; the Barbera translation, cited above, is more up to date.
3460:
3294:
3113:
2864:
57:
31:
7581:
7494:
7456:
7446:
7115:
6118:
5889:
5847:
5781:
5746:
5198:
5182:
4878:
4819:
4668:
4663:
3808:
3549:
3329:
1965:
1423:
910:
selecting particular tones and semitones to form genera (Diatonic, Chromatic, and Enharmonic).
363:
9:8, 9:8, 9:8, 256:243 . This scale is known as the Pythagorean diatonic and is the scale that
3590:
3535:â Booklet by composer Elsie Hamilton summarizes work of deceased friend and teacher, Dr.
168:. The range is approximately what is now depicted on a modern music staff and is given in the
7576:
7540:
7535:
7527:
7466:
7167:
6396:
6386:
6376:
6361:
6051:
5791:
5761:
5716:
5711:
5342:
5309:
5111:
5016:
5002:
4658:
4529:
4493:
4240:
4104:
3803:
3084:
2246:
1896:
But melodies themselves do contain imitations of character. This is perfectly clear, for the
1562:
d e f g a b cⲠdⲠdâ˛
1554:
d e f g a b cⲠdⲠdâ˛
398:). He elaborated the acoustics with reference to the frequency of vibrations (or movements).
2118:
selecting and applying the various components of melos and rhythm to create a complete work.
2109:
for the gods and humansâpartheneion, daphnephorika, tripodephorika, oschophorika, and eutika
6639:
6633:
6619:
6103:
6061:
6033:
5918:
5731:
4961:
4757:
3935:
3733:
3536:
2851:
2224:
427:
These three tunings appear to have corresponded to the actual musical practice of his day.
348:
334:
77:
145:
8:
7441:
7203:
6770:
6740:
6128:
6023:
6018:
5455:
4770:
4683:
4653:
4607:
4370:
4174:
4154:
3626:, but also with the practice of musicians. Erickson mentions the ease of tuning with the
3422:
3201:
3137:
2862:
Barbera, C. AndrĂŠ (Autumn 1977). "Arithmetic and geometric divisions of the tetrachord".
2814:
2005:
485:
can be recognized, depending on the positioning of the interposed tones in the component
4204:
2842:
741:
According to the interpretation of at least two modern authorities, in the Aristoxenian
6987:
6884:
6790:
6434:
6351:
6239:
5741:
5565:
5081:
5061:
4918:
4789:
4673:
4468:
4395:
3826:
3572:
3559:
3545:
3477:
3458:
Winnington-Ingram, Reginald P. (1932). "Aristoxenus and the Intervals of Greek Music".
3372:
3187:
3068:
3035:
2914:
2881:
2033:
resemble elements found in medieval modal theory. According to Aristides Quintilianus (
1964:
and individual tones. The most comprehensive treatment of musical ethos is provided by
1523:(d) e f g a b cⲠdⲠeâ˛
1515:(d) e f g a b cⲠdⲠeâ˛
1507:(d) e f g a b cⲠdⲠeâ˛
352:
7282:
7163:
7062:
6649:
6198:
6046:
5998:
5842:
5811:
5756:
5673:
5550:
5422:
5243:
5076:
5029:
4969:
4843:
4825:
4801:
4783:
4738:
4693:
4688:
4339:
4220:
3968:
3728:
3723:
3519:
3481:
3447:
3337:
3314:
3209:
3159:
2978:
2946:
2938:
2013:
1845:
628:
3407:. Bibliotheca scriptorum graecorum et romanorum Teubneriana. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.
1665:
B c d e f (g) (a) b
1616:
f g a b cⲠdⲠeⲠfâ˛
1608:
f g a b cⲠdⲠeⲠfâ˛
1600:
f g a b cⲠdⲠeⲠfâ˛
531:, which influenced much classification well into the Middle Ages, will be examined.
7431:
7423:
7342:
7337:
7327:
6992:
6524:
6489:
6306:
6163:
6041:
5928:
5923:
5248:
5203:
5034:
4941:
4557:
4390:
4375:
4365:
4179:
3983:
3958:
3910:
3783:
3707:
3608:
3578:
3469:
3364:
3093:
3060:
3027:
2906:
2873:
2266:
2256:
1997:
1861:
1419:, which was appended as it was, and falls outside of the linked-tetrachord scheme.
471:
96:, which was elaborated in its entirety by about the turn of the 5th to 4th century
1570:
d e f g a b cⲠdâ˛
7394:
7317:
7292:
7287:
7277:
7259:
7007:
6765:
6553:
6366:
6108:
5974:
5906:
5233:
4831:
4813:
4807:
4721:
4698:
4572:
4483:
4443:
4380:
4073:
4068:
3953:
3920:
3836:
3618:
3605:
3411:
2974:
Divisions of the Tetrachord: A prolegomenon to the construction of musical scales
2959:
1312:
1304:
1284:
643:
618:
467:
7032:
6745:
1657:
B c d d e f g b
1649:
B c d d e f g b
1462:. The appropriate tunings for these scales are those of Archytas and Pythagoras.
1324:
7517:
7509:
7489:
7481:
7451:
7357:
7236:
7227:
7196:
6889:
6829:
6824:
6780:
6561:
6509:
6499:
6479:
6469:
6213:
6208:
6203:
5056:
4855:
4849:
4837:
4637:
4612:
4385:
4310:
4230:
3943:
3798:
3418:(2 vols.), translated by Benjamin Jowett (3rd ed.), New York: Random House
2009:
914:
904:
539:
499:
the enharmonic genus consists of a major third and two quarter-tones or diesis.
463:
405:
Archytas was also the first ancient Greek theorist to provide ratios for all 3
202:) was composed of four stacked tetrachords called (from lowest to highest) the
188:
61:
50:
3665:
3473:
3129:
1856:
characteristic of Greeks speaking the Aeolic dialect than of a scale pattern.
233:
being forced into three whole tone steps (bâaâgâf), an interstitial note, the
175:
7560:
7471:
7403:
7384:
7347:
7249:
7125:
7042:
7017:
6707:
6629:
6311:
6254:
6153:
6143:
6113:
6095:
5969:
5121:
4903:
4795:
4751:
4713:
4552:
4473:
4235:
4094:
4013:
3885:
3841:
3778:
3758:
3715:
3432:
3318:
3268:
3247:
3226:
3006:
2998:
2818:
2251:
2219:
2213:
1961:
431:
406:
42:
3206:
Apollo's Lyre: Greek music and music theory in antiquity and the middle ages
7413:
7399:
7332:
7322:
7219:
6942:
6894:
6760:
6614:
6484:
6123:
5959:
5465:
5427:
5126:
4149:
4139:
4114:
4025:
3988:
3890:
3878:
3868:
3831:
3818:
3768:
3097:
2192:
1812:
1794:
in the ratio of 1:2, melodic, in place of equal divisions. Ptolemy, in his
1467:
1366:
1278:
639:
547:
459:
81:
1884:
on mood and character formation (see below on ethos). For example, in the
554:
In contrast to Archytas who distinguished his "genera" only by moving the
7389:
7379:
7365:
7312:
7269:
7254:
7244:
7188:
6962:
6854:
6834:
6662:
6170:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6056:
6013:
5560:
5470:
5460:
5347:
5337:
5101:
4478:
4453:
4225:
4099:
4078:
4055:
4040:
3853:
3788:
3763:
3738:
3568:
3175:
2185:
as found in modern musical practice, except for fine-tuning differences.
2099:
1973:
1949:
1945:
1853:
608:
588:
571:
543:
528:
455:
368:
69:
6667:
3049:
Crocker, Richard L. (Spring 1964). "Pythagorean mathematics and music".
3016:
Crocker, Richard L. (Winter 1963). "Pythagorean mathematics and music".
6899:
6869:
6864:
6849:
6735:
6702:
6371:
6341:
6008:
5736:
5570:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5382:
5367:
5357:
5332:
4708:
4463:
4418:
4124:
3998:
3863:
3858:
3191:
2222:. This is contrary to the expectation of people only trained in modern
2076:
1989:
677:
486:
410:
358:
The earliest such description of a scale is found in Philolaus fr. B6.
344:
340:
184:
46:
3376:
3072:
3039:
2918:
2885:
6874:
6800:
6785:
6755:
6750:
6682:
6606:
6591:
6576:
6519:
6419:
6071:
6003:
5575:
5555:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5480:
5475:
5445:
5392:
5352:
5131:
4997:
4951:
4931:
4562:
4433:
4194:
4184:
4144:
4109:
3993:
3753:
3655:
3495:
2994:
2838:
2261:
2186:
2103:
2087:
2072:
2064:
1873:
1470:
is misleading: The conventional representation as a section (such as
723:
535:
359:
2606:
2604:
2550:
1466:
The superficial resemblance of these octave species with the church
279:. This was considered apart, built of three stacked tetrachordsâthe
6924:
6914:
6904:
6879:
6657:
6624:
6586:
6529:
6444:
6429:
6286:
6276:
6193:
6188:
5585:
5580:
5540:
5535:
5510:
5490:
5417:
5372:
5362:
5218:
5116:
5051:
4979:
4587:
4045:
4030:
3873:
3848:
3676:
3368:
3064:
3031:
2910:
2877:
2372:
2083:
379:
65:
6677:
3288:
Mountford, James Frederick (1923). "The musical scales of Plato's
2971:
Chalmers, John H. (1993). Polansky, Larry; Scholz, Carter (eds.).
2727:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
7067:
7057:
7002:
6997:
6982:
6972:
6957:
6952:
6839:
6727:
6717:
6596:
6571:
6566:
6539:
6534:
6514:
6504:
6494:
6459:
6449:
6439:
6391:
6381:
6356:
6321:
6316:
6291:
5944:
5726:
5387:
5377:
5136:
5106:
5096:
5091:
5071:
5066:
4946:
4893:
4602:
4592:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4279:
4020:
4003:
3978:
3963:
3948:
3905:
3748:
3669:
3636:
3627:
2640:
2601:
2454:
2452:
2134:
2095:
2091:
2045:
1957:
1787:
1301:
In the notation above and below, the standard double-flat symbol
685:
663:
161:
in 1840; in practice the pitches would have been somewhat lower.
73:
7012:
6326:
3488:
Winnington-Ingram, Reginald P. (1954). "Greek Music (Ancient)".
2715:
2705:
2703:
2652:
2538:
2464:
164:
The section spanned by a blue brace is the range of the central
7037:
6967:
6947:
6909:
6775:
6581:
6474:
6411:
6401:
6346:
5964:
5949:
5545:
5530:
5505:
5500:
5485:
5146:
5141:
4908:
4888:
4632:
4622:
4617:
4488:
4448:
4438:
4423:
4035:
3973:
3900:
2521:
2500:
2278:
670:
496:
the chromatic genus is composed of semitones and a minor third,
383:
271:
tetrachord effected a modulation of the system, hence the name
264:('conjunct') tetrachord, shown at the far left of the diagram.
165:
2688:
2449:
699:
were added to these to form associated scales above and below.
7047:
7022:
6919:
6859:
6844:
6712:
6672:
6424:
6336:
6331:
6301:
6296:
6271:
5954:
5495:
5450:
5402:
4974:
4926:
4627:
4597:
4544:
4519:
4458:
4428:
4189:
3895:
3793:
3773:
2700:
2068:
1953:
1866:
681:
364:
87:
3082:
Crocker, Richard L. (April 1966). "The troping hypothesis".
2763:
1774:
B c d e g a
1758:
B c d e g a
1750:
B c d e g a
7052:
7027:
6977:
6464:
6454:
3743:
3005:. Vol. 1 Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Translated by
2935:. Cambridge, UK / New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
2060:
3353:
Solomon, Jon (Summer 1984). "Towards a history of tonoi".
2977:. Harrison, Lou (foreword). Hanover, NH: Frog Peak Music.
2579:
2577:
2488:
2476:
3107:
Henderson, M.I. (October 1942). "The growth of the Greek
2408:
1880:) include sections that describe the effect of different
1877:
139:, and the Greek note symbols are as given in the work of
97:
41:
evolved over a period of more than 500 years from simple
3225:
Mathiesen, Thomas J. (2001a). "Greece, §I: Ancient". In
2137:
Standard in March 2005 with the release of version 4.1.
2787:
2775:
2751:
2574:
1292:
2676:
2664:
2589:
2562:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2396:
2362:
2360:
1446:
because of the non-heptatonic nature of these scales.
493:
The diatonic genus is composed of tones and semitones,
2628:
2616:
378:
The next notable Pythagorean theorist known today is
1960:, but also others), rhythms, and sometimes even the
1269:" is standard modern notation for the pitch of note
2895:Barbera, C. AndrĂŠ (Summer 1984). "Octave species".
2739:
2420:
2384:
2357:
898:
413:recognized by Archytas have the following ratios:
295:. When all these are considered together, with the
104:
3444:Antiquae musicae auctores septem: Graece et latine
2345:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2133:Music symbols of ancient Greece were added to the
1719:B c d e g
1711:c d e f g
1703:B c d e g
1695:B c d e g
527:, the most significant individual system, that of
245:. This procedure gives its name to the tetrachord
169:
3385:
3246:Mathiesen, Thomas J. (2001b). "Harmonia (i)". In
2812:
2709:
2694:
2437:
1840:Particularly in the earliest surviving writings,
7558:
1944:(iii: 398dâ399a), attributes "virility" to the "
1852:, for example, he was more likely thinking of a
260:one step up, permitting the construction of the
4515:
3428:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3278:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3257:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3236:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2828:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1781:
450:, which means "the indicator"). For instance a
3178:(1990). "Unity in Euclid's 'Sectio Canonis'".
2129:Ancient Greek Musical Notation (Unicode block)
1807:. Ptolemy preserved Archytas's tunings in his
733:According to Cleonides, these transpositional
179:The central octave of the ancient Greek system
7204:
4295:
3692:
676:certain neighboring (non-Greek) peoples from
3327:
2414:
2218:in every ancient, Medieval, and Renaissance
518:
183:The earliest Greek scales were organized in
3649:â examples of instruments and compositions.
3567:
3518:(Report) (reprint ed.). Archived from
3052:The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
3019:The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
2927:
2721:
2458:
386:further developed Archytas's theory in his
130:Depiction of the ancient Greek tonal system
7218:
7211:
7197:
5181:
4302:
4288:
4254:
3699:
3685:
3664:â KĂŠrylos is a music group led by scholar
3267:Mathiesen, Thomas J. (2001c). "Tonos". In
3266:
3245:
3224:
3009:New York, NY: W.W. Norton. pp. 35â46.
2957:
2781:
2769:
2682:
2670:
2532:
2515:
2402:
1174:(Hypermixolydian, Hyperphrygian, Locrian)
1061:(Hypermixolydian, Hyperphrygian, Locrian)
948:(Hypermixolydian, Hyperphrygian, Locrian)
420:The chromatic â 32:27, 243:224, and 28:27;
88:Overview of the first complete tone system
3491:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
3390:. London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
3287:
3200:
3106:
2993:
2837:
2793:
2757:
2733:
2634:
2622:
2583:
2494:
2482:
1819:and providing his own ratios and scales.
275:, the modulating system, also called the
237:('dividing'), was introduced between the
76:(including his versions of the genera of
3510:
3308:
2970:
2658:
2646:
2610:
2556:
2544:
2470:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2291:
1984:and Aristotle in his eighth book of his
1872:The philosophical writings of Plato and
1786:In marked contrast to his predecessors,
1766:c e f g
174:
108:
3386:Winnington-Ingram, Reginald P. (1936).
3352:
3158:. New York, NY / Bern, CH: Peter Lang.
3153:
3134:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3127:
3081:
3048:
3015:
2894:
2861:
2745:
2595:
2568:
2431:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
1811:as well as transmitting the tunings of
14:
7559:
6235:
3281:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Macmillan.
3260:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Macmillan.
3239:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Macmillan.
2831:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Macmillan.
1940:or modes (for instance, Plato, in the
1928:The ancient Greeks have used the word
1369:flat: modern "") from the first note,
603:lichanos hypatonâparanete diezeugmenon
417:The enharmonic â 5:4, 36:35, and 28:27
27:Overview of ancient Greek music theory
7192:
7092:
6234:
5663:
5167:
4514:
4334:
4283:
3680:
3588:
3544:
3174:
2443:
1952:" mode), instruments (especially the
1790:'s scales employed a division of the
1415:) listed first for the Dorian is the
703:
6703:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
4335:
3706:
3604:
2997:(1965). "Harmonic Introduction". In
633:lichanos mesonâparanete hyperbolaion
593:parhypate hypatonâtrite diezeugmenon
474:, were defined in similar fashion.
423:The diatonic â 9:8, 8:7, and 28:27.
367:adopted in the construction of the
328:
252:To bridge the inconsistency of the
24:
5664:
4309:
3396:
2177:is notation for a fully flattened
2106:, sillos, threnos, and epikedeion;
2075:, nomos, adonidia, iobakchos, and
2012:, independent of text, is able to
669:a small region in central Greece (
623:parhypate mesonâtrite hyperbolaion
125:
25:
7598:
3503:
7172:
7162:
7153:
7152:
4264:
4263:
4253:
3571:(1902). Macran, Henry S. (ed.).
3003:Source Readings in Music History
2191:that as well as being different
1422:These tables are a depiction of
1398:
1323:
1311:
1303:
1283:
899:The octave species in all genera
462:from the top, defines the genus
256:, the system allowed moving the
39:musical system of ancient Greece
7173:
3498:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3439:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
3336:. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
3311:Denkmäler altgriechischer Musik
3147:– via plato.stanford.edu.
2147:
2000:(in his sixth book of his work
1829:In music theory the Greek word
1396:(a quarter-tone sharp: modern "
2964:. Berlin, DE: Albert FĂśrstner.
2958:Bellermann, J.F., ed. (1840).
658:These names are derived from:
613:hypate mesonânete diezeugmenon
534:Aristoxenus was a disciple of
307:tetrachords, they make up the
299:tetrachord placed between the
111:. It shows the common ancient
13:
1:
4774:
4761:
4742:
4725:
3550:"Music of the ancient Greeks"
3442:Meibom, Marcus (ed.) (1652).
2710:Anderson & Mathiesen 2001
2272:
2016:on the listener or musician.
1948:," and "relaxedness" to the "
249:, which means the 'divided'.
5902:Funeral and burial practices
5087:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3645:Austrian Academy of Sciences
3574:The Harmonics of Aristoxenus
3431:, second edition, edited by
3403:Jan, Karl von (ed.) (1895).
2140:
2008:whether music on its own or
1822:
1782:Ptolemy and the Alexandrians
107:reproduces information from
7:
4064:History of music publishing
3513:The Modes of ancient Greece
3494:, fifth edition, edited by
3388:Mode in Ancient Greek Music
2240:
1914:Aristotle remarks further:
662:an Ancient Greek subgroup (
152:Johann Friedrich Bellermann
10:
7603:
7572:Ancient Greek music theory
5826:Greek Revival architecture
5168:
2805:
2126:
2122:
2040:The classification of the
902:
766:also called Hyperphrygian
570:The octave species in the
558:, Aristoxenus varied both
332:
29:
7526:
7508:
7480:
7422:
7356:
7305:
7268:
7235:
7226:
7148:
7099:
7093:
7088:
6933:
6810:
6799:
6726:
6648:
6605:
6552:
6410:
6262:
6253:
6249:
6230:
6179:
6094:
6032:
5994:
5987:
5937:
5897:
5888:
5810:
5687:
5683:
5659:
5625:
5594:
5436:
5323:
5267:
5234:Attalid kings of Pergamon
5189:
5180:
5176:
5163:
5042:Antigonid Macedonian army
5015:
4988:
4960:
4917:
4874:
4865:
4707:
4646:
4543:
4539:
4510:
4409:
4358:
4354:
4330:
4317:
4269:Category:Musical notation
4249:
4213:
4135:Numbered musical notation
4087:
4054:
3934:
3926:Scientific pitch notation
3817:
3714:
3591:"Analysis of Aristoxenus"
3474:10.1017/s0009838800014415
3356:The Journal of Musicology
3154:Kramarz, Andreas (2016).
3128:Huffman, Carl A. (2011).
2898:The Journal of Musicology
1992:(in his fragmentary work
1892:(viii:1340a:40â1340b:5):
1798:, ii.3â11, construed the
777:also called Hyperiastian
519:The system of Aristoxenus
388:The Division of the Canon
7461:descending melodic major
7408:descending melodic minor
3916:Helmholtz pitch notation
3511:Hamilton, Elsie (1953).
3309:PĂśhlmann, Egert (1970).
2844:A Treatise on Government
2415:PĂśhlmann & West 2001
2113:According to Mathiesen:
2019:
1923:
1848:referred to the Aeolian
1480:Perfect Immutable System
1342:, with the second note,
1185:Mixolydian, Hyperdorian
1072:Mixolydian, Hyperdorian
959:Mixolydian, Hyperdorian
882:also called Hypoiastian
861:also called Hypoaeolian
788:also called Hyperdorian
466:. The other two genera,
137:Helmholtz pitch notation
7436:ascending melodic minor
7374:ascending melodic major
4259:List of musical symbols
4130:Nashville Number System
3461:The Classical Quarterly
3295:The Classical Quarterly
3114:The Classical Quarterly
2865:Journal of Music Theory
1321:The superscript symbol
583:hypate hypatonâparamese
225:At the position of the
58:music of ancient Greece
32:Music of ancient Greece
7447:Lydian augmented (III)
7220:Modes in Western music
5268:Artists & scholars
5183:List of ancient Greeks
4820:Second Athenian League
4669:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
4494:Ancient Greek colonies
3809:Transposing instrument
3609:"Analysis of Archytas"
3416:The Dialogues of Plato
2933:Greek Musical Writings
2695:Winnington-Ingram 1936
2120:
1966:Aristides Quintilianus
1921:
1912:
1464:
1424:Aristides Quintilianus
1404:") from the following
648:meseânete hyperbolaion
523:Having elaborated the
477:More generally, three
458:from the bottom and a
409:. The three genera of
200:systema teleion meizon
196:Greater Perfect System
180:
131:
56:Any discussion of the
49:, or divisions of the
18:Greek musical notation
7528:Double harmonic scale
7500:Phrygian dominant (V)
7495:Ukrainian Dorian (IV)
6387:Sybaris on the Traeis
5112:Sacred Band of Thebes
4852:(c. 300 BCâc. 300 AD)
4366:Cycladic civilization
3637:"Ancient Greek music"
3425:(2001d). "Alypius ".
3085:The Musical Quarterly
2247:Alypius of Alexandria
2115:
2002:Adversus mathematicos
1916:
1894:
1432:
1240:Hypophrygian, Ionian
1127:Hypophrygian, Ionian
1014:Hypophrygian, Ionian
652:proslambanomenosâmese
277:Lesser Perfect System
178:
129:
7541:Hungarian minor (IV)
7467:Half diminished (VI)
7457:Aeolian dominant (V)
5912:mythological figures
5633:Ancient Greek tribes
4758:Peloponnesian League
3537:Kathleen Schlesinger
3423:Mathiesen, Thomas J.
3098:10.1093/mq/lii.2.183
2817:(2001). "Ethos". In
2161:is a half-flattened
1281:. The double-flats (
1277:when flattened by a
1251:Hypodorian, Aeolian
1138:Hypodorian, Aeolian
1025:Hypodorian, Aeolian
830:also called Iastian
809:also called Aeolian
726:attributes thirteen
546:as names of musical
349:Pythagorean Interval
335:Pythagorean interval
189:interval of a fourth
105:diagram at the right
7567:Ancient Greek music
7536:Double harmonic (I)
6024:Tunnel of Eupalinos
6019:Theatre of Dionysus
5643:Ancient Macedonians
5259:Tyrants of Syracuse
4771:Amphictyonic League
4371:Minoan civilization
4155:Percussion notation
3589:Monzo, Joe (2004).
3546:Ioannidis, Nikolaos
3138:Stanford University
2931:, ed. (1984â1989).
2559:, ch. 3, pp. 17â22.
2381:, ch. 5, pp. 48â51.
2212:are also different
1735:
1680:
1634:
1585:
1539:
1492:
1156:
1043:
930:
722:The ancient writer
170:graphic below, left
7518:Harmonic major (I)
7490:Harmonic minor (I)
6698:Menestheus's Limin
6352:Pandosia (Lucania)
6240:Greek colonisation
5602:Athenian statesmen
5363:Diogenes of Sinope
5224:Kings of Macedonia
5214:Kings of Commagene
5082:Macedonian phalanx
5062:Hellenistic armies
4810:(c. 424âc. 395 BC)
4674:Indo-Greek Kingdom
4396:Hellenistic Greece
3656:"Ensemble KĂŠrylos"
3554:homoecumenicus.com
2813:Anderson, Warren;
1728:
1674:
1628:
1579:
1533:
1486:
1150:
1037:
924:
507:), respectively .
353:Pythagorean Tuning
311:(or Unmodulating)
181:
132:
62:Pythagorean school
7554:
7553:
7301:
7300:
7186:
7185:
7144:
7143:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7075:
6650:Iberian Peninsula
6582:Lipara/Meligounis
6548:
6547:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6199:Cypriot syllabary
6090:
6089:
5999:Athenian Treasury
5983:
5982:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5244:Ptolemaic dynasty
5204:Archons of Athens
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5030:Athenian military
5011:
5010:
4844:League of Corinth
4826:Thessalian League
4802:Chalcidian League
4784:Acarnanian League
4694:Ptolemaic Kingdom
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4277:
4276:
4221:Mensural notation
3328:PĂśhlmann, Egert;
3136:. Palo Alto, CA:
2945:; Volume 2:
1846:Lasus of Hermione
1778:
1777:
1723:
1722:
1669:
1668:
1620:
1619:
1574:
1573:
1527:
1526:
1482:described above.
1454:are synonyms for
1258:
1257:
1145:
1144:
1032:
1031:
913:The order of the
896:
895:
879:Low Hypophrygian
869:High Hypophrygian
273:systema metabolon
16:(Redirected from
7594:
7233:
7232:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7190:
7189:
7176:
7175:
7166:
7156:
7155:
7090:
7089:
6808:
6807:
6307:Heraclea Lucania
6260:
6259:
6251:
6250:
6232:
6231:
5992:
5991:
5924:Twelve Olympians
5895:
5894:
5685:
5684:
5661:
5660:
5249:Seleucid dynasty
5229:Kings of Paionia
5178:
5177:
5165:
5164:
5035:Scythian archers
4942:Graphe paranomon
4872:
4871:
4779:
4776:
4766:
4763:
4747:
4744:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4541:
4540:
4512:
4511:
4391:Classical Greece
4376:Mycenaean Greece
4356:
4355:
4332:
4331:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4120:Graphic notation
3784:Rehearsal letter
3708:Musical notation
3701:
3694:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3663:
3648:
3616:
3598:
3582:
3579:Internet Archive
3557:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3485:
3468:(3â4): 195â208.
3419:
3412:Jowett, Benjamin
3391:
3380:
3347:
3322:
3303:
3282:
3261:
3240:
3219:
3195:
3169:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3122:
3110:
3101:
3076:
3043:
3010:
2988:
2965:
2936:
2922:
2889:
2856:
2832:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2736:, book 8, ch. 5.
2731:
2725:
2722:Barker 1984â1989
2719:
2713:
2707:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2649:, ch. 6, p. 106.
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2613:, ch. 6, p. 109.
2608:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2459:Barker 1984â1989
2456:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2267:Oxyrhynchus hymn
2257:Seikilos epitaph
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2169:, as opposed to
2168:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2051:as preserved by
2049:Useful Knowledge
2006:music philosophy
1998:Sextus Empiricus
1736:
1733:
1727:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1417:ProslambanĂłmenos
1403:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1307:
1297:in three genera
1288:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1044:
1042:
1036:
931:
929:
923:
757:
756:
574:tradition were:
481:of seven octave
392:KatatomÄ kanonos
329:The Pythagoreans
319:, the adjoined.
317:Proslambanomenos
160:
149:
21:
7602:
7601:
7597:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7522:
7504:
7476:
7418:
7352:
7297:
7264:
7222:
7217:
7187:
7182:
7140:
7095:
7072:
6935:
6929:
6812:
6803:
6795:
6766:Melaina Korkyra
6722:
6644:
6601:
6554:Aeolian Islands
6544:
6406:
6264:
6245:
6244:
6218:
6175:
6086:
6028:
5979:
5933:
5884:
5806:
5797:Wedding customs
5679:
5678:
5647:
5638:Thracian Greeks
5621:
5612:Olympic victors
5590:
5432:
5319:
5263:
5254:Kings of Sparta
5239:Kings of Pontus
5209:Kings of Athens
5185:
5172:
5151:
5047:Army of Macedon
5007:
4984:
4956:
4913:
4861:
4834:(370âc. 230 BC)
4832:Arcadian League
4816:(c. 400â188 BC)
4814:Aetolian League
4808:Boeotian League
4790:Hellenic League
4777:
4764:
4754:(c. 650â404 BC)
4745:
4739:Italiote League
4732:
4728:
4722:Doric Hexapolis
4712:
4703:
4699:Seleucid Empire
4642:
4535:
4534:
4498:
4405:
4381:Greek Dark Ages
4350:
4349:
4326:
4313:
4308:
4278:
4273:
4245:
4209:
4083:
4074:Music publisher
4069:Music engraving
4050:
3930:
3921:Letter notation
3813:
3710:
3705:
3675:
3654:
3635:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3501:
3457:
3410:
3399:
3397:Further reading
3394:
3344:
3332:, eds. (2001).
3216:
3202:Mathiesen, T.J.
3166:
3142:
3140:
3108:
2985:
2937:Volume 1:
2815:Mathiesen, T.J.
2808:
2802:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2782:Mathiesen 2001a
2780:
2776:
2770:Mathiesen 2001a
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2683:Mathiesen 2001b
2681:
2677:
2671:Mathiesen 2001c
2669:
2665:
2661:, ch. 2, p. 10.
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2547:, ch. 5, p. 48.
2543:
2539:
2533:Mathiesen 2001a
2531:
2522:
2516:Mathiesen 2001a
2514:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2473:, ch. 5, p. 47.
2469:
2465:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2403:Bellermann 1840
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2294:, ch. 6, p. 99.
2290:
2279:
2275:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2022:
2014:elicit emotions
1926:
1837:named by them.
1827:
1784:
1779:
1729:
1725:
1675:
1671:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1580:
1576:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1487:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:, and the same
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1322:
1310:
1302:
1299:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1151:
1147:
1038:
1034:
925:
921:
907:
901:
848:High Hypolydian
774:High Mixolydian
763:Hypermixolydian
709:
654:(aâ˛âaâł or aâaâ˛)
525:Systema teleion
521:
513:Systema teleion
446:(thus the name
337:
331:
267:The use of the
154:
143:
109:Chalmers (1993)
94:systema teleion
90:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7600:
7590:
7589:
7587:Musical tuning
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7514:
7512:
7510:Harmonic major
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7486:
7484:
7482:Harmonic minor
7478:
7477:
7475:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7442:Dorian â2 (II)
7439:
7432:Jazz minor (I)
7428:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7397:
7395:Mixolydian (V)
7392:
7387:
7385:Phrygian (III)
7382:
7377:
7362:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7309:
7307:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7293:Hypomixolydian
7290:
7285:
7280:
7274:
7272:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7241:
7239:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7216:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7193:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7170:
7160:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6816:
6814:
6805:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6654:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6611:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6500:Megara Hyblaea
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6480:Hybla Gereatis
6477:
6472:
6470:Heraclea Minoa
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6257:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6214:Attic numerals
6211:
6209:Greek numerals
6206:
6204:Greek alphabet
6201:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5858:Musical system
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5817:
5815:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5691:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5290:Mathematicians
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5199:Kings of Argos
5195:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5174:
5173:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Cretan archers
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4856:Achaean League
4853:
4850:Euboean League
4847:
4841:
4838:Epirote League
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4786:(c. 500â31 BC)
4781:
4768:
4755:
4749:
4736:
4718:
4716:
4714:Confederations
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4638:Lissus (Crete)
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Archaic Greece
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:Ancient Greece
4307:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3799:Time signature
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3651:
3650:
3632:
3631:
3613:ex-tempore.org
3601:
3600:
3585:
3584:
3581:(archive.org).
3564:
3563:
3541:
3540:
3507:
3505:
3504:External links
3502:
3500:
3499:
3486:
3455:
3440:
3420:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3369:10.2307/763814
3363:(3): 242â251.
3349:
3348:
3342:
3324:
3323:
3305:
3304:
3284:
3283:
3269:Sadie, Stanley
3263:
3262:
3248:Sadie, Stanley
3242:
3241:
3227:Sadie, Stanley
3221:
3220:
3214:
3197:
3196:
3186:(4): 430â443.
3171:
3170:
3164:
3150:
3149:
3124:
3123:
3121:(3â4): 94â103.
3103:
3102:
3092:(2): 183â203.
3078:
3077:
3065:10.2307/427236
3059:(3): 325â335.
3045:
3044:
3032:10.2307/427754
3026:(2): 189â198.
3012:
3011:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2953:
2924:
2923:
2911:10.2307/763813
2905:(3): 229â241.
2891:
2890:
2878:10.2307/843492
2872:(2): 294â323.
2858:
2857:
2834:
2833:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2794:Mathiesen 1999
2786:
2774:
2762:
2758:Cleonides 1965
2750:
2738:
2734:Aristotle 1912
2726:
2714:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2635:Mountford 1923
2627:
2623:Henderson 1942
2615:
2600:
2588:
2584:Cleonides 1965
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2520:
2499:
2495:Cleonides 1965
2487:
2483:Cleonides 1965
2475:
2463:
2448:
2436:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2127:Main article:
2124:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2080:
2021:
2018:
2010:absolute music
1925:
1922:
1826:
1821:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1426:'s enharmonic
1298:
1291:
1261:The notation "
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
979:
975:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
935:
919:
915:octave species
905:Octave species
903:Main article:
900:
897:
894:
893:
891:
888:
884:
883:
880:
877:
873:
872:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
858:Low Hypolydian
856:
852:
851:
849:
846:
842:
841:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
825:
821:
820:
818:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
800:
799:
797:
794:
790:
789:
786:
785:Low Mixolydian
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
708:
702:
701:
700:
689:
674:
667:
656:
655:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
586:
540:octave species
520:
517:
501:
500:
497:
494:
425:
424:
421:
418:
396:Sectio Canonis
333:Main article:
330:
327:
141:Egert PĂśhlmann
89:
86:
51:perfect fourth
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7599:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7582:Modes (music)
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7473:
7472:Altered (VII)
7470:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7452:Acoustic (IV)
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7414:Locrian (VII)
7412:
7409:
7405:
7404:natural minor
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7371:
7370:natural major
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7349:
7348:Reciting tone
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7214:
7209:
7207:
7202:
7200:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7179:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7159:
7151:
7150:
7147:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7091:
7087:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6809:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:Hemeroscopion
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:Magna Graecia
6252:
6248:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Arcadocypriot
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6083:
6082:Zeus, Olympia
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6067:Hera, Olympia
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Mount Olympus
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5938:Sacred places
5936:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5762:Olympic Games
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5752:Homosexuality
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:Seleucid army
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4796:Delian League
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4772:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4752:Ionian League
4750:
4740:
4737:
4733: 560 BC
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Magna Graecia
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4270:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4241:Transcription
4239:
4237:
4236:Sight-reading
4234:
4232:
4231:Perfect pitch
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Ancient Greek
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:Chord diagram
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Braille music
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:Other systems
4086:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3819:Musical notes
3816:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Transposition
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Key signature
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3595:tonalsoft.com
3592:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3525:on 2008-11-21
3521:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3452:9780845022511
3449:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3433:Stanley Sadie
3430:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:0-19-815223-X
3339:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3273:Tyrrell, John
3270:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:Tyrrell, John
3249:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:Tyrrell, John
3228:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3215:9780803230798
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:9781433133787
3161:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2984:0-945996-04-7
2980:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:0-521-30220-X
2948:
2944:
2943:0-521-23593-6
2940:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2659:Chalmers 1993
2655:
2648:
2647:Chalmers 1993
2643:
2636:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2611:Chalmers 1993
2607:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2557:Chalmers 1993
2553:
2546:
2545:Chalmers 1993
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2471:Chalmers 1993
2467:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2391:PĂśhlmann 1970
2387:
2380:
2379:Chalmers 1993
2375:
2368:
2367:Chalmers 1993
2363:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2292:Chalmers 1993
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Delphic Hymns
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2231:
2221:
2220:tuning system
2217:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:for the godsâ
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:we have from
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1854:melodic style
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1773:
1771:2nd Diatonic
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:1st Diatonic
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1716:2nd Diatonic
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:1st Diatonic
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:Syntonolydian
1672:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:and either a
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
976:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
933:
932:
928:
922:
918:
916:
911:
906:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
875:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
817:High Phrygian
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
758:
755:
753:
749:
744:
739:
736:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
707:
704:Aristoxenian
698:
694:
691:The prefixes
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
672:
668:
665:
661:
660:
659:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
630:
627:
624:
620:
617:
614:
610:
607:
604:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
584:
580:
577:
576:
575:
573:
568:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
516:
514:
508:
506:
498:
495:
492:
491:
490:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
422:
419:
416:
415:
414:
412:
408:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
336:
326:
323:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
177:
173:
171:
167:
162:
158:
153:
147:
142:
138:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7577:Melody types
7546:Oriental (V)
7400:Aeolian (VI)
7283:Hypophrygian
6973:Dionysopolis
6943:Abonoteichos
6895:Pantikapaion
6485:Hybla Heraea
5857:
5821:Architecture
5777:Prostitution
5466:Aristophanes
5325:Philosophers
5295:Philosophers
5127:Spartan army
4858:(280â146 BC)
4846:(338â322 BC)
4840:(370â168 BC)
4828:(374â196 BC)
4822:(378â355 BC)
4804:(430â348 BC)
4798:(478â404 BC)
4792:(499â449 BC)
4479:Peloponnesus
4401:Roman Greece
4164:
4140:Klavarskribo
4115:Figured bass
3989:Appoggiatura
3936:Articulation
3734:Abbreviation
3662:(home page).
3659:
3640:
3623:
3612:
3606:Erickson, R.
3594:
3577:– via
3573:
3553:
3527:. Retrieved
3520:the original
3489:
3465:
3459:
3443:
3437:John Tyrrell
3426:
3415:
3404:
3387:
3360:
3354:
3333:
3310:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3276:
3255:
3234:
3205:
3183:
3179:
3155:
3141:. Retrieved
3133:
3118:
3112:
3089:
3083:
3056:
3050:
3023:
3017:
3002:
2973:
2960:
2932:
2902:
2896:
2869:
2863:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2826:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2765:
2753:
2746:Kramarz 2016
2741:
2729:
2724:, 1:175â176.
2717:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2596:Solomon 1984
2591:
2569:Barbera 1984
2564:
2552:
2540:
2535:, 6(iii)(d).
2518:, 6(iii)(e).
2490:
2478:
2466:
2439:
2432:Huffman 2011
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2352:Barbera 1984
2347:
2340:Barbera 1977
2335:
2328:Crocker 1966
2323:
2316:Crocker 1964
2311:
2304:Crocker 1963
2299:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2132:
2116:
2112:
2048:
2042:requirements
2041:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1968:in his book
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1813:Eratosthenes
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1730:
1724:
1676:
1670:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1581:
1575:
1535:
1528:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1474:followed by
1471:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1374:
1370:
1367:quarter-tone
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1300:
1294:
1279:quarter tone
1270:
1262:
1260:
1152:
1146:
1039:
1033:
926:
920:
912:
908:
827:Low Phrygian
751:
747:
742:
740:
734:
732:
727:
721:
716:
712:
710:
705:
696:
692:
657:
651:
647:
632:
629:Hypophrygian
622:
612:
602:
592:
582:
572:Aristoxenian
569:
563:
559:
555:
553:
533:
524:
522:
512:
509:
504:
502:
482:
478:
476:
460:major second
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
426:
404:
400:
395:
394:, the Latin
391:
387:
377:
372:
357:
338:
324:
321:
316:
312:
308:
305:Diezeugmenon
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:diezeugmenon
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
224:
219:
216:Hyperbolaion
215:
212:Diezeugmenon
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
193:
182:
163:
133:
120:
116:
112:
102:
93:
91:
82:Eratosthenes
55:
38:
36:
7390:Lydian (IV)
7380:Dorian (II)
7338:Hypolocrian
7328:Hypoaeolian
7121:Place names
7033:Salmydessus
6855:Kalos Limen
6835:Chersonesus
6825:Borysthenes
6530:Tauromenion
6342:Metapontion
6104:Proto-Greek
6057:Erechtheion
6052:Athena Nike
6014:Philippeion
5843:Mathematics
5814:and science
5697:Agriculture
5561:Stesichorus
5471:Bacchylides
5461:Archilochus
5348:Antisthenes
5338:Anaximander
5310:Seven Sages
5300:Playwrights
5280:Geographers
5275:Astronomers
5102:Pezhetairos
4729: 1100
4709:Federations
4608:Megalopolis
4545:City states
4520:City states
4226:Music stand
4100:Chord chart
4079:Scorewriter
4056:Sheet music
3854:Dotted note
3789:Repeat sign
3764:Ledger line
3666:Annie BĂŠlis
3569:Aristoxenus
3176:Levin, F.R.
2849:alt. title
2823:Tyrrell, J.
2100:epithalamia
2082:for humansâ
1974:Aristoxenus
1910:themselves.
1747:Enharmonic
1692:Enharmonic
1646:Enharmonic
1597:Enharmonic
1551:Enharmonic
1504:Enharmonic
1293:The oldest
1229:Hypolydian
1116:Hypolydian
1003:Hypolydian
855:G (and A?)
796:High Lydian
544:Renaissance
529:Aristoxenos
487:tetrachords
456:minor third
411:tetrachords
185:tetrachords
155: [
144: [
70:Aristoxenos
47:tetrachords
7561:Categories
7424:Jazz minor
7366:Ionian (I)
7343:Pentatonic
7318:Hypoionian
7288:Hypolydian
7278:Hypodorian
7260:Mixolydian
7023:Polemonion
6900:Phanagoria
6870:Kimmerikon
6865:Kerkinitis
6850:Hermonassa
6840:Dioscurias
6736:Aspalathos
6683:Kalathousa
6658:Akra Leuke
6587:Phoenicusa
6372:Scylletium
6357:Poseidonia
6277:Brentesion
6164:Pamphylian
6159:Macedonian
6077:Samothrace
6062:Hephaestus
6009:Long Walls
5988:Structures
5929:Underworld
5875:Technology
5838:Literature
5772:Philosophy
5737:Euergetism
5626:By culture
5571:Thucydides
5413:Pythagoras
5408:Protagoras
5398:Parmenides
5383:Heraclitus
5368:Empedocles
5358:Democritus
5343:Anaximenes
5333:Anaxagoras
5285:Historians
4778: 595
4765: 550
4746: 800
4731: â c.
4659:Cappadocia
4464:Ionian Sea
4454:Hellespont
4419:Aegean Sea
4200:Shakuhachi
4175:Ekphonetic
4160:Simplified
4125:Lead sheet
3999:Grace note
3864:Note value
3859:Grace note
3827:Accidental
3660:kerylos.fr
3641:oeaw.ac.at
3330:West, M.L.
3302:: 125â136.
3130:"Archytas"
3007:Strunk, O.
2999:Strunk, O.
2461:, 2:46â52.
2444:Levin 1990
2273:References
2077:hyporcheme
1990:Philodemus
1755:Chromatic
1700:Chromatic
1654:Chromatic
1631:Mixolydian
1605:Chromatic
1559:Chromatic
1512:Chromatic
1153:Enharmonic
1040:Chromatic
890:Hypodorian
806:Low Lydian
754:instead):
678:Asia Minor
644:Hypodorian
619:Hypolydian
579:Mixolydian
472:enharmonic
454:that is a
369:world soul
345:Pythagoras
341:Pythagoras
297:Synemmenon
289:Synemmenon
269:Synemmenon
262:Synemmenon
7237:Authentic
7228:Gregorian
7109:in Epirus
7058:Trapezous
7003:Mesambria
6988:Eupatoria
6958:Apollonia
6953:Anchialos
6915:Theodosia
6885:Nymphaion
6875:Myrmekion
6845:Gorgippia
6801:Black Sea
6786:Tragurion
6771:Nymphaion
6756:Epidauros
6751:Epidamnos
6741:Apollonia
6718:Zacynthos
6640:Ptolemais
6634:Apollonia
6607:Cyrenaica
6597:TherassĂa
6592:Strongyle
6572:Ereikousa
6495:Leontinoi
6435:Apollonia
6312:Hipponion
6109:Mycenaean
6072:Parthenon
6004:Lion Gate
5907:Mythology
5870:Sculpture
5833:Astronomy
5767:Pederasty
5742:Festivals
5727:Education
5607:Lawgivers
5576:Timocreon
5556:Sophocles
5551:Simonides
5526:Philocles
5521:Panyassis
5516:Mimnermus
5481:Herodotus
5476:Euripides
5446:Aeschylus
5393:Leucippus
5353:Aristotle
5132:Strategos
4998:Synedrion
4952:Ostracism
4932:Areopagus
4884:Free city
4679:Macedonia
4563:Byzantion
4469:Macedonia
4434:Cyrenaica
4411:Geography
4345:Geography
4195:Swaralipi
4185:Kunkunshi
4145:Tablature
4110:Eye music
3994:Glissando
3969:Fingering
3754:Dal segno
3560:Ioannidis
3496:Eric Blom
3482:170375844
3319:0425-2268
3143:25 August
2995:Cleonides
2929:Barker, A
2839:Aristotle
2819:Sadie, S.
2772:, 6(iii).
2262:Mesomedes
2153:That is,
2141:Footnotes
2104:hymenaios
2088:epinikion
2073:dithyramb
2065:prosodion
2031:harmoniai
1994:De musica
1978:De Musica
1938:harmoniai
1907:harmoniai
1903:harmoniai
1898:harmoniai
1882:harmoniai
1874:Aristotle
1824:Harmoniai
1809:Harmonics
1796:Harmonics
1734:(Ionian)
1662:Diatonic
1613:Diatonic
1567:Diatonic
1520:Diatonic
1428:harmoniai
1295:harmoniai
1207:Phrygian
1094:Phrygian
981:Phrygian
724:Cleonides
711:The term
564:parhypate
536:Aristotle
468:chromatic
440:parhypate
375:(36a-b).
360:Philolaus
309:Immutable
254:diazeuxis
235:diazeuxis
113:harmoniai
7358:Diatonic
7250:Phrygian
7158:Category
7136:Theatres
7063:Tripolis
6998:Kerasous
6993:Heraclea
6925:Tyritake
6880:Nikonion
6791:Thronion
6713:Salauris
6668:Emporion
6625:Berenice
6615:Balagrae
6567:Euonymos
6540:Tyndaris
6525:Syracuse
6520:Selinous
6490:Kamarina
6445:Casmenae
6430:Akrillai
6347:NeĂĄpolis
6282:Caulonia
6263:Mainland
6194:Linear B
6189:Linear A
6119:Dialects
6096:Language
5890:Religion
5848:Medicine
5782:Religion
5747:Folklore
5732:Emporium
5707:Clothing
5702:Calendar
5586:Xenophon
5581:Tyrtaeus
5566:Theognis
5541:Polybius
5536:Plutarch
5511:Menander
5491:Hipponax
5418:Socrates
5373:Epicurus
5219:Diadochi
5117:Sciritae
5077:Hetairoi
5052:Ballista
5017:Military
4980:Gerousia
4970:Ekklesia
4937:Ecclesia
4919:Athenian
4867:Politics
4780:â279 BC)
4767:â366 BC)
4748:â389 BC)
4684:Pergamon
4654:Bithynia
4647:Kingdoms
4588:Pergamon
4530:Military
4525:Politics
4322:Timeline
4205:Znamenny
4046:Tonguing
4031:Staccato
3984:Ornament
3959:Dynamics
3911:Interval
3874:Notehead
3849:Cue note
3624:harmonia
3619:Erickson
3529:22 March
3414:(1937),
3290:Republic
3275:(eds.).
3254:(eds.).
3233:(eds.).
3204:(1999).
3109:áźĎΟονΚιΚ
2852:Politics
2841:(1912).
2825:(eds.).
2497:, 39â40.
2485:, 35â36.
2241:See also
2225:12 tone
2084:encomion
2035:On Music
1986:Politics
1982:Republic
1970:On Music
1956:and the
1942:Republic
1890:Politics
1886:Republic
1876:(c. 350
1862:Republic
1850:harmonia
1842:harmonia
1831:harmonia
1536:Phrygian
1346:, about
927:Diatonic
638:Common,
599:Phrygian
560:lichanoi
556:lichanoi
464:diatonic
452:lichanos
448:lichanos
444:lichanos
436:lichanoi
380:Archytas
239:paramese
227:paramese
66:Archytas
7333:Locrian
7323:Aeolian
7178:Outline
7131:Temples
7068:Zaliche
7048:Thèrmae
7038:Sesamus
7008:Odessos
6983:Cytorus
6978:Cotyora
6728:Illyria
6693:Mainake
6688:Kypsela
6577:Hycesia
6535:Thermae
6515:Segesta
6505:Messana
6460:Helorus
6440:Calacte
6420:Akragas
6382:Sybaris
6367:Rhegion
6322:Krimisa
6272:Alision
6181:Writing
6154:Locrian
6144:Epirote
6114:Homeric
6047:Artemis
6034:Temples
5975:Olympia
5945:Eleusis
5880:Theatre
5865:Pottery
5792:Warfare
5787:Slavery
5722:Economy
5717:Cuisine
5712:Coinage
5689:Society
5674:Culture
5669:Society
5617:Tyrants
5456:Alcaeus
5438:Authors
5388:Hypatia
5378:Gorgias
5315:Writers
5137:Toxotai
5107:Sarissa
5097:Peltast
5092:Phalanx
5072:Hoplite
5067:Hippeis
4990:Macedon
4962:Spartan
4947:Heliaia
4894:Proxeny
4603:Larissa
4598:Kerkyra
4593:Eretria
4583:Miletus
4578:Ephesus
4573:Corinth
4568:Chalcis
4489:Taurica
4359:Periods
4340:History
4214:Related
4180:Gamelan
4170:Chinese
4150:Parsons
4021:Portato
4004:Mordent
3979:Marcato
3964:Fermata
3954:Damping
3949:Caesura
3906:Tremolo
3837:natural
3749:Da capo
3628:kithara
3192:4476778
3001:(ed.).
2806:Sources
2215:pitches
2135:Unicode
2123:Unicode
2096:erotica
2092:skolion
2053:Photios
2046:Proclus
1958:cithara
1859:In the
1817:Didymos
1788:Ptolemy
1731:Iastian
1476:D E F G
1472:C D E F
1392:
1380:
1361:
1349:
1218:Dorian
1196:Lydian
1105:Dorian
1083:Lydian
992:Dorian
970:Lydian
686:Phrygia
664:Dorians
640:Locrian
635:(gâ˛âgâł)
625:(fâ˛âfâł)
615:(eâ˛âeâł)
605:(dâ˛âdâł)
595:(câ˛âcâł)
483:species
373:Timaeus
371:in the
281:Hypaton
220:synaphe
204:Hypaton
119:in all
78:Didymos
74:Ptolemy
7313:Ionian
7270:Plagal
7255:Lydian
7245:Dorian
7168:Portal
7116:People
7104:Cities
7043:Sinope
7028:Rhizos
7018:Phasis
6968:Bathus
6963:Athina
6948:Amisos
6910:Tanais
6905:Pityus
6830:Charax
6781:Pharos
6776:Orikon
6673:Helike
6663:Alonis
6630:Cyrene
6562:Didyme
6475:Himera
6450:Catana
6412:Sicily
6402:Thurii
6397:Terina
6362:Pixous
6317:Hydrus
6292:Croton
6124:Aeolic
6042:Aphaea
5965:Dodona
5950:Delphi
5919:Temple
5595:Others
5546:Sappho
5531:Pindar
5506:Lucian
5501:Ibycus
5486:Hesiod
5423:Thales
5191:Rulers
5170:People
5147:Xyston
5142:Xiphos
5003:Koinon
4909:Tyrant
4899:Stasis
4889:Koinon
4689:Pontus
4664:Epirus
4633:Sparta
4623:Rhodes
4618:Megara
4613:Thebes
4558:Athens
4484:Pontus
4449:Epirus
4439:Cyprus
4424:Aeolis
4036:Tenuto
3974:Legato
3944:Accent
3901:Tuplet
3670:papyri
3480:
3450:
3377:763814
3375:
3340:
3317:
3212:
3190:
3180:Hermes
3162:
3073:427236
3071:
3040:427754
3038:
2981:
2949:
2941:
2919:763813
2917:
2886:843492
2884:
2598:, 250.
2571:, 240.
2029:, and
1996:) and
1950:Lydian
1946:Dorian
1792:pyknon
1742:Tones
1739:Genus
1687:Tones
1684:Genus
1641:Tones
1638:Genus
1592:Tones
1589:Genus
1582:Lydian
1546:Tones
1543:Genus
1499:Tones
1496:Genus
1489:Dorian
1377:about
1160:Tonic
1047:Tonic
934:Tonic
838:Dorian
671:Locris
609:Dorian
589:Lydian
585:(bâbâ˛)
505:chroai
479:genera
432:genera
407:genera
384:Euclid
313:System
166:octave
121:genera
115:, the
72:, and
43:scales
7306:Other
7126:Stoae
7094:Lists
7013:Oinòe
6936:coast
6934:South
6920:Tyras
6890:Olbia
6860:Kepoi
6813:coast
6811:North
6804:basin
6746:Aulon
6708:Rhode
6620:Barca
6510:Naxos
6465:Henna
6425:Akrai
6392:Taras
6377:Siris
6337:Medma
6332:Locri
6297:Cumae
6287:Chone
6265:Italy
6171:Koine
6149:Ionic
6139:Doric
6134:Attic
5955:Delos
5853:Music
5496:Homer
5451:Aesop
5403:Plato
5305:Poets
4975:Ephor
4927:Agora
4904:Tagus
4879:Boule
4628:Samos
4553:Argos
4459:Ionia
4444:Doris
4429:Crete
4190:Neume
4014:Trill
4009:Slide
3896:Tacet
3886:Pitch
3842:sharp
3794:Tempo
3779:Scale
3774:Ossia
3716:Staff
3523:(PDF)
3516:(PDF)
3478:S2CID
3373:JSTOR
3188:JSTOR
3069:JSTOR
3036:JSTOR
2915:JSTOR
2882:JSTOR
2796:, 25.
2760:, 35.
2586:, 44.
2194:notes
2069:paean
2027:tonoi
2020:Melos
1962:genus
1954:aulos
1934:tonoi
1930:ethos
1924:Ethos
1867:Plato
1835:tonoi
1805:tonoi
1800:tonoi
1468:modes
1411:The (
1394:sharp
1166:Mese
1163:Name
1053:Mese
1050:Name
940:Mese
937:Name
743:tonoi
735:tonoi
728:tonoi
717:tonoi
715:(pl.
713:tonos
706:tonoi
682:Lydia
642:, or
548:modes
365:Plato
301:Meson
293:Meson
285:Meson
231:Meson
208:Meson
159:]
148:]
117:tonoi
7406:and
7372:and
7053:Tium
6820:Akra
6761:Issa
6455:Gela
6327:LaĂźs
6302:Elea
5960:Dion
5812:Arts
5802:Wine
5428:Zeno
5025:Wars
4026:Slur
3891:Rest
3879:stem
3869:beam
3832:flat
3769:Mode
3744:Clef
3531:2024
3448:ISBN
3435:and
3338:ISBN
3315:ISSN
3210:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3145:2014
2979:ISBN
2947:ISBN
2939:ISBN
2784:, 4.
2697:, 3.
2417:, 7.
2204:and
2188:N.b.
2061:hymn
1919:in.)
1815:and
1458:and
1450:and
1363:flat
1177:(d)
1171:(A)
1064:(d)
1058:(A)
951:(d)
945:(A)
750:and
697:hypo
695:and
693:myxo
562:and
470:and
438:and
430:The
351:and
303:and
287:and
258:nete
243:mese
241:and
214:and
194:The
103:The
80:and
37:The
5757:Law
4041:Tie
3739:Bar
3470:doi
3365:doi
3292:".
3184:118
3111:".
3094:doi
3061:doi
3028:doi
2907:doi
2874:doi
1936:or
1878:BCE
1442:or
1365:(a
1254:dâ˛
1243:câ˛
1141:dâ˛
1130:câ˛
1028:dâ˛
1017:câ˛
650:or
355:).
98:BCE
84:).
45:of
7563::
4775:c.
4762:c.
4743:c.
4726:c.
3729:15
3658:.
3643:.
3639:.
3617:â
3611:.
3593:.
3558:â
3552:.
3548:.
3476:.
3466:26
3464:.
3371:.
3359:.
3300:17
3298:.
3271:;
3250:;
3229:;
3182:.
3132:.
3119:36
3117:.
3090:52
3088:.
3067:.
3057:22
3055:.
3034:.
3024:22
3022:.
2913:.
2901:.
2880:.
2870:21
2868:.
2821:;
2702:^
2603:^
2576:^
2523:^
2502:^
2451:^
2422:^
2359:^
2280:^
2228:ET
2102:,
2098:,
2094:,
2090:,
2086:,
2071:,
2067:,
2063:,
2055::
1865:,
1408:.
1389:2
1383:1
1358:2
1352:1
1338:,
1334:,
1248:a
1237:g
1232:b
1226:f
1221:a
1215:e
1210:g
1204:d
1199:f
1193:c
1188:e
1182:B
1135:a
1124:g
1119:b
1113:f
1108:a
1102:e
1097:g
1091:d
1086:f
1080:c
1075:e
1069:B
1022:a
1011:g
1006:b
1000:f
995:a
989:e
984:g
978:d
973:f
967:c
962:e
956:B
887:F
876:F
866:G
845:A
835:B
824:B
814:c
803:c
793:d
782:e
771:e
760:f
688:).
684:,
673:),
666:),
646::
631::
621::
611::
601::
591::
581::
489::
283:,
222:.
210:,
206:,
157:de
146:de
100:.
68:,
64:,
7463:)
7459:(
7438:)
7434:(
7410:)
7402:(
7376:)
7368:(
7212:e
7205:t
7198:v
6636:)
6632:(
4773:(
4760:(
4741:(
4735:)
4724:(
4711:/
4303:e
4296:t
4289:v
3724:8
3700:e
3693:t
3686:v
3672:.
3647:.
3630:.
3615:.
3597:.
3556:.
3533:.
3484:.
3472::
3454:.
3379:.
3367::
3361:3
3346:.
3321:.
3218:.
3194:.
3168:.
3100:.
3096::
3075:.
3063::
3042:.
3030::
2987:.
2921:.
2909::
2903:3
2888:.
2876::
2748:.
2712:.
2685:.
2673:.
2637:.
2625:.
2446:.
2434:.
2405:.
2393:.
2369:.
2354:.
2342:.
2330:.
2318:.
2306:.
2232:.
2208:B
2200:C
2181:C
2173:C
2165:C
2157:C
2079:;
1460:g
1456:d
1452:F
1448:C
1444:d
1440:d
1436:d
1413:d
1406:d
1386:/
1375:d
1371:d
1355:/
1344:d
1340:d
1336:d
1332:d
1273:C
1265:C
752:a
748:A
680:(
390:(
198:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
