Greenwashing - Knowledge

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general plan or opinion on the matter, with no specifics on its implementation, however with similarly worded legislation and plans out at that time there was a push toward a unified green product standard. Until then, green products had various standards and guidelines developed by different government agencies or industry associations, resulting in a lack of consistency and coherence. One example of guidelines set then was from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (now known as the Ministry of Ecology and Environment). They issued specifications in 2000, but these guidelines were limited and not widely recognized by industry or consumers. It was not until 2017, with the launch of GB/T (a set of national standards and recommendations), that a widespread guideline was set for what would constitute green manufacturing and a green supply chain. Expanding on these guidelines in 2019 the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) created regulations for Green Product Labels, which are symbols used on products to mark that they meet certain environmentally friendly criteria, and certification agencies have verified their manufacturing process. The standards and coverage for green products have increased as time passes, with changes and improvements to green product standardization still occurring in 2023.

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promote transparency in green marketing and prevent false or misleading claims. The Guidelines for Green Advertising Certification require that green advertising claims should be truthful, accurate, and verifiable. These guidelines and certifications require that eco-labels should be based on scientific and technical evidence, and should not contain false or misleading information. The standards also require that eco-labels be easy to understand and not confuse or deceive consumers. The regulations that are set in place for greenwashing, green advertising, and labeling in China are designed to protect consumers and prevent misleading claims. China's climate crisis, sustainability, and greenwashing remain critical and require ongoing attention. The implementation of regulations and guidelines for green advertising and labeling in China aims to promote transparency and prevent false or misleading claims.

2147:. Behind these ostensible environmental protection organizations lie the interests of business sectors. For example, oil drilling companies and real estate developers support the National Wetlands Coalition. In contrast, the Friends of Eagle Mountain is backed by a mining company that wants to convert open-cast mines into landfills. The Global Climate Coalition was backed by commercial enterprises that fought against government-imposed climate protection measures. Other Greenscam organizations include the U.S. Council for Energy Awareness, backed by the nuclear industry; the Wilderness Impact Research Foundation, representing the interests of loggers and ranchers; and the American Environmental Foundation, representing the interests of landowners. 1691:

to see eco-labels from both internal and external sources but perceive labels from external sources to be more trustworthy. Researchers from the University of Twente found that uncertified or greenwashed internal eco-labels may still contribute to consumer perceptions of a responsible company, with consumers attributing internal motivation to a company's internal eco-labeling. Other research connecting attribution theory and greenwashing found that consumers often perceive green advertising as greenwashing when companies use green advertisements, attributing the green messaging to corporate self-interest. Green advertising can backfire, particularly when the advertised environmental claim does not match a company's environmental engagement.

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contributions coming from the travel and tourism industry in 2015. Because of the growth and reliance on tourism as an economic pillar, Thailand developed "responsible tourism" in the 1990s to promote the well-being of local communities and the environment affected by the industry. However, studies show the green hotel companies' principles and environmental perceptions contradict the basis of corporate social responsibilities in responsible tourism. Against this context, the Green Leaf Certification issuance aims to keep the hotel industry and supply chains accountable for corporate social responsibilities regarding sustainability by having an independent international organization evaluate a hotel and rate it one through five leaves.

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robust government policies and regulations to reduce emissions, and encourage a shift toward clean and renewable energy sources. "From 2011 to 2016, we linked global fast fashion brands to toxic chemical pollution in China through their manufacturers. Many multinational companies and local suppliers have stopped using toxic and harmful chemicals. They included Adidas, Benetton, Burberry, Esprit, H&M, Puma, and Zara, among others." The Greenpeace Campaign in China has involved various activities, including scientific research, public education, and advocacy efforts. The campaign has organized public awareness events to engage both consumers and policymakers, urging them to take action to improve air quality. "In recent years,

58: 1383: 31: 1441:" to "Oil Sands" (Alberta, Canada) in corporate and political language reflects an ongoing debate between the project's adherents and opponents. This semantic shift can be seen as a case of greenwashing in an attempt to counter growing public concern about the environmental and health impacts of the industry. While advocates claim that the shift is scientifically derived to better reflect the use of the sands as a precursor to oil, environmental groups argue that it is simply a means of cloaking the issue behind friendlier terminology. 263: 4793: 7418: 2183: 7553: 1067: 7947: 190: 7937: 2000:

wellness, and sustainability in China. However, the health of Chinese citizens is at the forefront of this issue, as air pollution is a critical issue in the nation. The article emphasizes that China has prioritized putting people front and center on environmental issues. China's Greenpeace campaigns and those in other countries are a part of their global efforts to address environmental challenges and promote sustainability.

1508: 3619:[In this context, Bayraktar pointed out that they aim to increase the production of domestic coal in an environmentally friendly manner and said, "In this sense, we continued to use domestic coal during all AK Party governments, and we continue to do so. Hopefully, we will reach 6 million tons annually as soon as possible. The more you produce, the more you produce." "You will import as much less." he said.] 200: 1101:) found that 58% of environmental ads had at least one deceptive claim. Another study found that 77% of people said a company's environmental reputation affected whether they would buy its products. One-fourth of all household products marketed around Earth Day advertised themselves as being green and environmentally friendly. In 1998, the 1928:, a service, or to a portion or component of the product, package or service. If the environmental attribute or benefit applies to all but minor, incidental components of a product or package, the claim need not be qualified to identify that fact. There may be exceptions to this general principle. For example, if an unqualified " 1645:

in any reviewed jurisdictions. Factors such as the lack of oversight by third-party environmental service providers, the opacity of internal scoring methodologies, and the lack of alignment and consistency around ESG assessments can create opportunities for misleading or unsubstantiated claims and, worst cases, bribery or fraud.

1606:, which produces emissions comparable to an entire mid-size EU country like Portugal, by eliminating from its analysis the significance of greenhouse gas emissions and highlighting a new recycling initiative, which had been mandated by regulatory authorities in France and the United Kingdom for all fast-food companies. 1700:

match a company's environmental engagement. This is also mediated by the visibility of those environmental engagements, meaning that if consumers are unaware of a company's commitment to sustainability or environmentally-conscious ethos, they cannot factor greenness in their assessment of the company or product.

974:: for example, on a product containing harmful chemicals, to multimillion-dollar campaigns that portray highly polluting energy companies as eco-friendly. Greenwashing covers up unsustainable corporate agendas and policies. Highly public accusations of greenwashing have contributed to the term's increasing use. 2150:

Another Greenscam organization is the Northwesterners for More Fish, which had a budget of $ 2.6 million in 1998. This group opposed conservation measures for endangered fish that restricted the interests of energy companies, aluminum companies, and the region's timber industry and tried to discredit

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In China, the Greenpeace Campaign focuses on the pain point of air pollution. The campaign aims to address the severe air pollution problem prevalent in many Chinese communities. The campaign has been working to raise awareness about air pollution's health and environmental impacts, advocate for more

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In efforts to stop this practice, in November 2016, the General Office of the State Council introduced legislation to promote the development of green products, encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices, and mention the need for a unified standard for what was to be labeled green. This was a

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Qualifications and disclosures: The Commission traditionally has held that to be effective, any qualifications or disclosures such as those described in these guides should be sufficiently clear, prominent, and understandable to prevent deception. Clarity of language, relative type size and proximity

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Other research suggests that consumers with more green concern are more able to tell the difference between honest green marketing and greenwashed advertising; the more green concern, the stronger the intention not to purchase from companies from which they perceive greenwashing advertising behavior.

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practice of placing notices in bedrooms promoting the reuse of towels to "save the environment". He noted that these institutions often made little or no effort toward reducing energy waste, although towel reuse saved them laundry costs. He concluded that the fundamental objective was most frequently

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One reason to establish greenscamming organizations is that openly communicating the benefits of activities that damage the environment is difficult. Sociologist Charles Harper stresses that marketing a group called "Coalition to Trash the Environment for Profit" would be difficult. Anti-environment

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has issued regulations and standards to regulate green advertising and labeling, including the Guidelines for Green Advertising Certification, the Guidelines for Environmental Labeling and Eco-Product Certification, and the Standards for Environmental Protection Product Declaration. These guidelines

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has targeted automakers who claim their cars are "green," "clean," or "environmentally friendly," with some of the world's strictest advertising guidelines. Consumer Ombudsman official Bente Øverli said: "Cars cannot do anything good for the environment except less damage than others." Manufacturers

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Greenwashing is a relatively new area of research within psychology, and there needs to be more consensus among studies on how greenwashing affects consumers and stakeholders. Because of the variance in country and geography in recently published studies, the discrepancy between consumer behavior in

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After a legal analysis, the corruption and integrity risks in climate solutions reports show that regulations are significantly weaker for misleading ESG credentials than for climate washing and advertising standards. Despite imposed obligations, ESG rating agencies or ESG auditors are not regulated

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has committed to controlling the expansion of coal power plants. He has also pledged to stop building new coal power abroad". The campaign seeks to drive public and government interest toward more strict air pollution control measures, promote more clean energy technology, and contribute to health,

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Exposure to greenwashing can make consumers indifferent to or generate negative feelings toward green marketing. Thus, genuinely green businesses must work harder to differentiate themselves from those who use false claims. Nevertheless, consumers may react negatively to valid sustainability claims

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can be given to a product from an external organization and the company itself. This has raised concerns because companies can label a product as green or environmentally friendly by selectively disclosing positive attributes of the product while not disclosing environmental harms. Consumers expect

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Some companies communicate and publicize unsubstantiated ethical claims or social responsibility, and practice greenwashing, which increases consumer cynicism and mistrust. By using greenwashing, companies can present their business as more ecologically sustainable than it is. According to a policy

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launched one of the most famous greenwashing ad campaigns. Chevron's "People Do" advertisements were aimed at a "hostile audience" of "societally conscious" people. Two years after the campaign's launch, surveys found people in California trusted Chevron more than other oil companies to protect the

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given the relationship between the British automotive manufacturer and Clarendon Communications, a shell company posing as a public relations agency which was set up to promote the report, and which was registered to James Michael Stephens – the Director of Global Government & Corporate Affairs

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Kimberly Clark's claim of "Pure and Natural" diapers in green packaging. The product uses organic cotton on the outside but uses the same petrochemical gel inside as before. Pampers also claims that "Dry Max" diapers reduce landfills by decreasing the amount of paper fluff in the diaper, but also a

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was a campaign founded by beverage manufacturers and others in 1953. The campaign focused on recycling and littering, diverting attention away from corporate responsibility to protect the environment. The objective was to forestall the regulation of disposable containers such as the one established

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of their brands. Complex corporate structures can further obscure the bigger picture. Critics of the practice suggest that the rise of greenwashing, paired with ineffective regulation, contributes to consumer skepticism of all green claims and diminishes the power of the consumer to drive companies

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Research published in the Journal of Business Ethics in 2011 shows that Sustainability Ratings might deter greenwashing. Results concluded that higher sustainability ratings lead to significantly higher brand reputation than lower sustainability ratings. This same trend was found regardless of the

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Researchers working with consumer perception, psychology, and greenwashing note that companies should "walk the walk" regarding green advertising and behavior to avoid the negative connotations and perceptions of greenwashing. Green marketing, labeling, and advertising are most effective when they

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launched a rebranding campaign in 2000, revising the company's acronym as "Beyond Petroleum." The campaign included a revised green logo, advertisements, a solar-paneled gas station in Los Angeles, and clean energy rhetoric across media to strategically position itself as the 'greenest' global oil

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Days before the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Greenpeace released the Greenpeace Book on Greenwash, which described the corporate takeover of the UN conference and provided case studies of the contrast between corporate polluters and their rhetoric. Third World Network published an expanded

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The FTC announced in 2010 that it would update its guidelines for environmental marketing claims in an attempt to reduce greenwashing. The revision to the FTC's Green Guides covers a wide range of public input, including hundreds of consumer and industry comments on previously proposed revisions,

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company. The campaign became the center of public controversy due to the company's hypocrisy around lobbying efforts that sought permission to drill in protected areas and its negligent operating practices that led to severe oil spills—most notably the Prudhoe Bay pipeline rupture in 2006 and the

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in China has gained significant attention as the country faces environmental challenges. According to "Green Marketing and Consumerism in China: Analyzing the Literature" by Qingyun Zhu and Joseph Sarkis, China has implemented environmental protection laws to regulate the business and commercial

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authorities, published a report on its annual survey of consumer websites investigated for violations of EU consumer protection law. The study examined green claims across a wide range of consumer products, concluding that for 42 percent of the websites examined, the claims were likely false and

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created the "Green Guidelines", which defined terms used in environmental marketing. The following year, the FTC found the Nuclear Energy Institute's environmentally clean claims invalid. The FTC did nothing about the ads because they were out of the agency's jurisdiction. This caused the FTC to

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or "green hotel" are hotels that have adopted sustainable, environmentally-friendly practices in hospitality business operations. Since the development of the tourism industry in the ASEAN, Thailand superseded its neighboring countries in inbound tourism, with 9 percent of Thailand's direct GDP

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Consumer perceptions of greenwashing are also mediated by the level of greenwashing they are exposed to. Other research suggests that few consumers notice greenwashing, particularly when they perceive the company or brand as reputable. When consumers perceive green advertising as credible, they

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and distribution by a pipeline may lead to methane emissions into the atmosphere. Methane, the main component of natural gas, is a potent greenhouse agent. Despite this, natural gas is often presented as a cleaner fossil fuel in environmental discourse. In practice, it balances the intermittent

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changed the color of its European logos from yellow-and-red to yellow-and-green; a spokesman explained that the change was "to clarify responsibility for the preservation of natural resources." In October 2021 McDonald's was accused of greenwashing after announcing its pledge to reach net-zero

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The FTC charged a sixth company, AJM Packaging Corporation, with violating a commission consent order prohibiting companies from using advertising claims based on the product or packaging being "degradable, biodegradable, or photodegradable" without reliable scientific information. The FTC now

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Consumers' willingness to purchase green products decreases when they perceive that green attributes compromise product quality, making greenwashing potentially risky, even when the consumer or stakeholder is not skeptical of green messaging. Words and phrases often used in green messaging and

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was held on 22 April 1970. Most companies did not actively participate in the initial Earth Day events because environmental issues were not a major corporate priority, and there was a sense of skepticism or resistance to the movement's message. Nevertheless, some industries began to advertise

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Bayraktar, bu bağlamda yerli kömürün üretimini çevreyle uyumlu şekilde artırmayı hedeflediklerine işaret ederek, "Bu anlamda, bütün AK Parti iktidarları döneminde yerli kömür kullanımına devam ettik, devam ediyoruz. İnşallah en kısa zamanda yıllık 6 milyon tona çıkacağız. Ne kadar daha fazla

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Research suggests that consumers distrust companies that greenwash because they view the act as deceptive. If consumers perceive that a company would realistically benefit from a green marketing claim being true, then it is more likely that the claim and the company will be seen as genuine.

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Overstatement of environmental attribute: An environmental marketing claim should not be presented in a manner that overstates the environmental attribute or benefit, expressly or by implication. Marketers should avoid implications of significant environmental benefits if the benefit is

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deliberately deceptive names if they want to be successful, as surveys show that environmental protection has a social consensus. However, the danger of being exposed as an anti-environmental initiative entails a considerable risk that the greenscamming activities will backfire and be

2937: 1953:, "The introduction of environmentally-friendly products into the marketplace is a win for consumers who want to purchase greener products and producers who want to sell them." Leibowitz also says such a win-win can only operate if marketers' claims are straightforward and proven. 1662:

Researchers found that consumers significantly favor environmentally friendly products over their greenwashed counterparts. A survey by LendingTree found that 55% of Americans are willing to spend more money on products they perceive to be more sustainable and eco-friendly.

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Comparative claims: Environmental marketing claims that include a comparative statement should be presented in a manner that makes the basis for the comparison sufficiently clear to avoid consumer deception. In addition, the advertiser should be able to substantiate the

1798:(OLAF) handles investigations that have an environmental or sustainability element, such as the misspending of EU funds intended for green products and the counterfeiting and smuggling of products with the potential to harm the environment and health. It also handles 1234:

with a "defeat device" that activated only when a car's emissions were being tested to reduce polluting emissions. In normal use, by contrast, the cars were emitting 40 times the allowed rate of nitrogen oxide. Forbes estimates that this scandal cost Volkswagen

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In Germany, this form of mimicry or deception is used by the "European Institute for Climate and Energy" (EIKE), which suggests by its name that it is an important scientific research institution. In fact, EIKE is not a scientific institution at all, but a

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themselves as friendly to the environment. For example, public utilities were estimated to have spent around $ 300 million advertising themselves as clean and green companies, which was eight times what they spent on pollution reduction research.

1914:(FTC) provides voluntary guidelines for environmental marketing claims. These guidelines give the FTC the right to prosecute false and misleading claims. These guidelines are not enforceable but instead were intended to be followed voluntarily: 969:

An example of greenwashing occurs when an organization spends significantly more resources on advertising being "green" than on environmentally sound practices. Greenwashing can range from changing the name or label of a product to evoke the

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Distinction between benefits of product, package, and service: An environmental marketing claim should be presented in a way that makes clear whether the environmental attribute or benefit being asserted refers to the product, the product's

2945: 1411:" actually weakened air pollution laws. Similar laws were issued under President Macron of France as "simplifying ecology rules" that were criticized on similar grounds while still being referred to by his government as "ecology laws". 1133:

for their elaborate greenwashing ads and support for greenwashing. A European Union study from 2020 found that over 50% of examined environmental claims in the EU were vague, misleading or unfounded and 40% were unsubstantiated.

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is the UK's primary competition and consumer authority. In September 2021, it published a Green Claims Code to protect consumers from misleading environmental claims and businesses from unfair competition. In May 2024, the

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identified the "admirable" designations of many of these organizations as the most striking common feature, which for the most part sounded very rational. He quotes a list of climate denial organizations drawn up by the

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Zhang, Lu; Li, Dayuan; Cao, Cuicui; Huang, Senhua (June 2018). "The influence of greenwashing perception on green purchasing intentions: The mediating role of green word-of-mouth and moderating role of green concern".

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emissions produced during the manufacture of electric cars, in response to the UK announcing that it would ban the sale of vehicles with internal combustion engines from 2030. The greenwashing scandal became known as

5549: 1880:(ASEAN) as a metric that rates the hotels' environmental efficiency of environmental protection. In Thailand, this certification is believed to help regulate greenwashing phenomena associated with green hotels. 1840:. They must disclose environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information, which will help combat greenwashing. These requirements go into effect in 2024. The European Commission has introduced a proposal of 6003:

See also: Jen Schneider, Steve Schwarze, Peter K. Bsumek, Jennifer Peeples: "The Hypocite's Trap." In: "Under Pressure" (Palgrave Studies in Media and Environmental Communication). Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016,

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Nyilasy, Gergely; Gangadharbatla, Harsha; Paladino, Angela (December 2014). "Perceived Greenwashing: The Interactive Effects of Green Advertising and Corporate Environmental Performance on Consumer Reactions".

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regulations gaps. ESMA outlined the correlation between the growth of ESG-related funds and greenwashing. The exponential rise of funds integrating vague ESG-related language in their names started since the

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The World Federation of Advertisers released six new guidelines for advertisers in 2022 to prevent greenwashing. These approaches encourage credible environmental claims and more sustainable outcomes.

1367:, which shone a light on the environmental performances and precautions of the group's members. The loose guidelines of responsible care caused industries to adopt self-regulation over government regulation. 2018:

can be similar to greenwashing in that it gives an environmentally-friendly impression, but can be counterproductive if carbon is priced too low, or if large emitters are given "free credits." For example,

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of plastics. The FTC charged ECM Biofilms, American Plastic Manufacturing, CHAMP, Clear Choice Housewares, and Carnie Cap, for misrepresenting the biodegradability of their plastics treated with additives.

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to the claim being qualified, and an absence of contrary claims that could undercut effectiveness, will maximize the likelihood that the qualifications and disclosures are appropriately clear and prominent.

3052: 1498:, despite being described as a smart, green, and clean city, has been accused by many groups of alleged greenwashing by the Indonesian government due of environmental damages caused by its construction. 4932: 1856:

of Germany ruled that companies that use "climate neutral" in advertising must define what the term means or use of the phrase would not continue to be permitted due to the phrase being too vague.

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When consumers use word-of-mouth to communicate about a product, green concern strengthens the negative relationship between the consumer's intent to purchase and the perception of greenwashing.

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In the context of escalating concerns regarding the authenticity of corporate ecological sustainability claims, greenwashing has emerged as a significant issue and poses a real challenge to

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nature of solar and wind energy. It can be considered a useful "transitional technology" towards hydrogen as hydrogen can already be blended in and eventually be used to replace it, inside

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Berrone, Pascual; Fosfuri, Andrea; Gelabert, Liliana (August 2017). "Does Greenwashing Pay Off? Understanding the Relationship Between Environmental Actions and Environmental Legitimacy".

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by Rachel Carson. The book marked a turning point about the environment and inspired citizen action. It prompted many companies to seek a new cleaner or greener image through advertising.

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Greenwashing has recently increased to meet consumer demand for environmentally-friendly goods and services. New regulations, laws, and guidelines put forward by organizations such as the

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Liu, Changyu; Song, Yadong; Wang, Wei; Shi, Xunpeng (March 2023). "The governance of manufacturers' greenwashing behaviors: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis of electric vehicles".

1616:(EPA) sanctioned Volkswagen with over $ 25 billion in fines for using a "defeat device", causing vehicles produced from 2009 to 2015 to pollute at a much higher rate than advertised. 6338: 4500:

Newman, George E.; Gorlin, Margarita; Dhar, Ravi (October 2014). "When Going Green Backfires: How Firm Intentions Shape the Evaluation of Socially Beneficial Product Enhancements".

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In January 2020, the Fur Free Alliance noted that the "WelFur" label, which advocated for animal welfare on fur farms, is run by the fur industry and is aimed at European fur farms.

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sector. Regulations such as the Environmental Protection Law and the Circular Economy Promotion Law contain provisions prohibiting false advertising (known as greenwashing). The

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concern about greenwashing reconciles two objectives: increasing capital for sustainable investments and bolstering trust and investor protection in European financial markets.

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introduced a lid with a built-in drinking straw that contained more plastic by weight than the old straw and lid together (though it can be recycled, unlike its predecessor).

2639: 2012:" is a term that describes deceptive marketing that overstates a company's commitment to responsible social practices. It focuses mainly on economic and community factors. 1028:"Lesser of Two Evils": a claim that may be true within the product category, but risks distracting consumers from the more significant environmental impact of the category. 966:. Companies that intentionally adopt greenwashing communication strategies often do so to distance themselves from their environmental lapses or those of their suppliers. 1956:

In 2013, the FTC began enforcing these revisions. It cracked down on six different companies; five of the cases concerned false or misleading advertising surrounding the

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report, greenwashing includes risks such as misleading advertisements and public communications, misleading ESG credentials, and false or deceiving carbon credit claims.

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as a means of reducing carbon emissions by capturing and injecting carbon dioxide produced by coal power plants into layers of porous rock below the ground. According to

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risk fines if they fail to drop misleading advertisements. Øverli said she did not know of other countries going so far in cracking down on cars and the environment.

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Jahdi, Khosro S.; Acikdilli, Gaye (August 2009). "Marketing Communications and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Marriage of Convenience or Shotgun Wedding?".

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Seele, Peter; Gatti, Lucia (February 2017). "Greenwashing Revisited: In Search of a Typology and Accusation-Based Definition Incorporating Legitimacy Strategies".

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in 2022, in front of bags of free coal from another part of the Turkish government. The same party controls this municipality and the national government, and the

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The organization noted that by 2010, approximately 95% of consumer products in the U.S. claiming to be green were discovered to commit at least one of these sins.

4738: 3971: 3926: 1009:"Hidden Trade-off": a claim that a product is "green" based on an unreasonably narrow set of attributes without attention to other critical environmental issues. 3060: 2051:"'Greenscamming'" describes an organization or product taking on a name that falsely implies environmental friendliness. It is related to both greenwashing and 7454: 5319:

Liu, Yaping; Li, Yinchang; Parkpian, Parnpree (February 2018). "Inbound tourism in Thailand: Market form and scale differentiation in ASEAN source countries".

1015:"Vagueness" is a poorly defined or broad claim that the consumer will likely misunderstand its meaning. "All-natural," for example, is not necessarily "green." 2714: 1254:, and other brands were discovered to have funded a report which downplayed electric vehicles' environmental benefits with misleading information about the CO 4279: 3907: 4361:

Torelli, Riccardo; Balluchi, Federica; Lazzini, Arianna (2019-08-14). "Greenwashing and environmental communication: Effects on stakeholders' perceptions".

1565:(from the American city of Poland) eco shape bottle is touted as "A little natural does a lot of good," although 80% of beverage containers go to landfills. 5292:

Rahman, Imran; Park, Jeongdoo; Chi, Christina Geng-qing (2015-08-10). "Consequences of 'greenwashing': Consumers' reactions to hotels' green initiatives".

5048: 3439: 1735:(CSR) communications. This finding establishes that consumers pay more attention to sustainability ratings than CSR communications or greenwashing claims. 5591: 2540:

Seele, Peter; Gatti, Lucia (2015). "Greenwashing Revisited: In Search of a Typology and Accusation-Based Definition Incorporating Legitimacy Strategies".

5762: 5687: 5663: 5098: 3489:"First Commission report on real-world CO2 emissions of cars and vans using data from on-board fuel consumption monitoring devices - European Commission" 3401: 1932:" claim is made and the presence of the incidental component significantly limits the ability to recycle the product, then the claim would be deceptive. 1786:, discourage companies from making "vague claims" about their products' environmental impact. Any claims must be backed up by "readily available data." 3704:"Statement Of Senator Patrick Leahy "The Greenwashing Of The Bush Anti-Environmental Record On The President's Earth Day Visits To Maine And Florida"" 7130: 1766:

in fines. In addition, the guilty party must pay for all expenses incurred while setting the record straight about their product or company's actual

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Gosselt, Jordy F.; van Rompay, Thomas; Haske, Laura (March 2019). "Won't Get Fooled Again: The Effects of Internal and External CSR ECO-Labeling".

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in partnership with EnviroMedia Social Marketing, allowed the public to upload and rate examples of greenwashing, but it was last updated in 2012.

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Standard launched in 2007 with the stated aim "to end 'greenwash' and highlight firms that are genuine about their commitment to the environment."

1302: 1208: 6979: 5640:"Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Developing a Unified Standard, Certification and Identification System of Green Products" 4859: 3782: 3685: 3600: 496: 5496: 3945: 3230: 8021: 7955: 3808: 3255: 1841: 1520:"Clean Burning Natural Gas" — When compared to the dirtiest fossil fuel, coal, natural gas is only 50% as dirty. Producing natural gas through 4678:

Szabo, Szerena; Webster, Jane (July 2021). "Perceived Greenwashing: The Effects of Green Marketing on Environmental and Product Perceptions".

2135:, Friends of Eagle Mountain, The Sahara Club, The Alliance for Environment and Resources, The Abundant Wildlife Society of North America, the 7965: 4906: 4140: 1613: 1462: 229: 6292: 4473:

Foreh, Mark R.; Grier, Sonya (January 2003). "When Is Honesty the Best Policy? The Effect of Stated Company Intent on Consumer Skepticism".

5592:"Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese and English Text) | Congressional-Executive Commission on China" 2361: 5842:: "Greenwashing." In: John Barry, E. Gene Frankland (Eds.): "International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics". London 2002, p. 253-54 4100: 3082: 2340: 2094:, which financially supported more than 100 climate denial organizations and spent about 20 million U.S. dollars on greenscamming groups. 7135: 5190: 1622:

was sued for claiming it can reach net zero objectives by 2050 while increasing fossil fuel activities. It is rated A- on climate by the

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Catherine, P. (n.d). Eco-friendly labelling? It's a lot of 'greenwash'. Toronto Star (Canada), Retrieved from Newspaper Source database.

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introduced anti-greenwashing rules covering sustainability claims made by regulated firms that market financial products or services.

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The European Union struck a provisional agreement to mandate new reporting rules for companies with over 250 staff and a turnover of

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There have been attempts to reduce the impact of greenwashing by exposing it to the public. The Greenwashing Index, created by the

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for light and medium vehicles "Euro 7" instead of "Euro 6f" could be considered greenwashing because of unchanged pollutant limits.

912: 5615: 4408:"An Investigation Of The Effects Of Consumers' Environmental Attitudes On Perceptions Of Green Ads And Attitudes Toward The Brand" 2895: 1025:"Irrelevance": a claim that may be truthful but unimportant or unhelpful to consumers seeking environmentally preferable products. 1005:, described "seven sins of greenwashing" in 2007 to "help consumers identify products that made misleading environmental claims": 7970: 7383: 6436: 1130: 1118: 5124: 2973: 2171:

that neither has an office nor employs climate scientists, but instead disseminates fake news on climate issues on its website.

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in Canada due to rising corn prices, which make it economically worthwhile to clear-cut existing forests in agricultural areas.

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increased profit. He labeled this and other profitable-but-ineffective "environmentally-conscientious" acts as "greenwashing".

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requires companies to disclose and provide the information that qualifies their environmental claims to ensure transparency.

1599: 491: 4835: 2425:"Firms Talk, Suppliers Walk: Analyzing the Locus of Greenwashing in the Blame Game and Introducing 'Vicarious Greenwashing'" 7183: 2107:. None had a name that would lead one to infer that climate change denial was their "raison d'être". The list is headed by 1679:

greenwashing, such as "gentle," can lead consumers to believe the green product is less effective than a non-green option.

1543:). Higher-generation biofuels do not have these particular issues, but have contributed significantly to deforestation and 624: 1012:"No Proof": a claim that cannot be substantiated by easily accessible information or a reliable third-party certification. 7246: 7064: 6727: 3156: 2865: 2490: 501: 6154: 3638: 1747:

Worldwide regulations on misleading environmental claims vary from criminal liability to fines or voluntary guidelines.

7855: 7086: 6083: 4713: 5348:"An Assessment of the Environmentally Sustainable Hotel Operation: The Case of Centara Hotels & Resorts, Thailand" 4746: 7323: 7059: 7009: 6182: 6143: 6030: 5988: 5960: 5929: 5904: 5867: 4943: 2810: 1894: 1759:

punishes companies that provide misleading environmental claims. Any organization found guilty of such could face up

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airliner is described as "A better environment inside and out" even though air travel has a high environmental cost.

7105: 7069: 2722: 1121:

in Johannesburg, the Greenwashing Academy hosted the Greenwash Academy Awards. The ceremony awarded companies like

4165: 7719: 7173: 7093: 6456: 6441: 3458: 1732: 1148: 1051:

In the mid-1960s, the environmental movement gained momentum, particularly after the publication of the landmark

815: 167: 74: 2039:

by purchasing goods with these, but only 0.5% of the purchase price goes to buy carbon offsets; the rest of the

7840: 7219: 7036: 6775: 6369: 6256: 4767: 4309:

Lee, Jeonggyu; Bhatt, Siddharth; Suri, Rajneesh (2017-12-12). "When consumers penalize not so green products".

2743: 1783: 1477: 1098: 820: 481: 5019: 1491:

noted that a large number of apparently fake Twitter profiles were used to defend Al Jaber's COP28 presidency.

7960: 7865: 6621: 6527: 5948: 5855: 2100: 1395: 358: 172: 3360: 2684: 7463: 7229: 6793: 6744: 6732: 6666: 6537: 6348: 5787: 3757: 2066:

organisations to try to dispute scientific findings that threaten their business model. One example is the

1864: 1853: 1488: 1448: 1404: 1231: 905: 659: 639: 215: 203: 193: 156: 86: 46: 1106:

realize they needed new, clear, enforceable standards. In 1999, the word "greenwashing" was added to the "

7870: 7502: 7178: 7156: 7031: 7004: 6923: 6472: 6398: 5027:

European Commission Directorate-General Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union

4794:"How Sustainability Ratings Might Deter "Greenwashing": A Closer Look at Ethical Corporate Communication" 2132: 1946:

offering clear guidance on what constitutes misleading information and demanding clear factual evidence.

1899: 1713: 1581: 1430:

is the "ultimate climate change oxymoron… pure and utter greenwash". In 2017, Australia's then Treasurer

1268: 1018:"Worshipping False Labels": a claim that, through words or images, gives the impression of a third-party 363: 5220: 1434:

used "Clean Coal" as the basis to suggest clean energy subsidies be used to build new coal power plants.

1414:"Clean Coal," an initiative adopted by several platforms for the 2008 U.S. presidential election, cited 7835: 7487: 6446: 5578: 3420: 1795: 1415: 1360: 302: 1558:

Ecobill has the motto "PaperLESSisMORE," but Comcast uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing.

8026: 8001: 7815: 7207: 7081: 6949: 6858: 6798: 6595: 6362: 6071: 5125:"Use of environmental claims in the marketing of vehicles – in relation to the Marketing Control Act" 1623: 1427: 1340: 1107: 867: 785: 698: 549: 458: 297: 277: 131: 17: 3660: 2513: 1487:, which presented Al Jaber as a supporter of the climate movement. In June 2023, Marc Owen Jones of 1169:

came under fire for greenwashing their manufacturing practices as a result of a report published by

262: 7795: 7517: 7195: 7188: 7168: 6984: 6969: 6964: 6813: 6770: 6739: 6570: 6522: 6512: 6502: 4115: 2999: 2212: 2136: 1911: 1532: 1240: 1102: 1002: 963: 710: 686: 669: 589: 516: 136: 121: 5738: 4968: 3308: 3189: 3131: 8006: 7630: 7522: 7497: 7477: 7224: 6959: 6918: 6600: 6542: 6482: 5347: 2108: 2015: 1992: 898: 862: 852: 775: 745: 534: 246: 126: 65: 6333: 6175:

Battling big business: countering greenwash, infiltration, and other forms of corporate bullying

5639: 5377: 1469:, which is purported ted to have the highest carbon footprint of all COP events. In May 2023, a 1382: 1298:

underperforms on emissions reductions. Although they would have more potential if properly used.

7885: 7810: 7790: 7739: 7734: 7512: 7403: 7267: 6954: 6883: 6833: 6749: 6431: 6426: 6193: 4278:

Chan, Tiffanie; Ford, Laura; Higham, Catherine; Pouget, Shirley; Setzer, Joana (October 2023).

2802: 2369: 2247: 1716:

to avoid greenwashing through independent verification of their green claims. For example, the

1408: 1044: 935: 693: 654: 649: 619: 96: 6209: 5378:"Factors influencing adoption of green practices by small and medium sized hotels in Thailand" 5198: 3418: 7996: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7607: 7507: 7021: 6888: 6853: 6838: 6803: 6765: 6532: 6497: 6451: 5976: 4338:"55% Would Spend More on Eco-Friendly Products While Willing to Boycott Less-Green Companies" 2921: 2302: 2095: 2067: 1667:

develop more positive attitudes towards the brand, even when the advertising is greenwashed.

872: 705: 681: 644: 634: 569: 151: 103: 3833: 2794: 2424: 7920: 7860: 7830: 7699: 7660: 7635: 7600: 7577: 7482: 6974: 6788: 6691: 6575: 6492: 6487: 5258: 4439: 3566: 3457:

Plötz, Patrick; Moll, Cornelius; Bieker, Georg; Mock, Peter; Li, Yaoming (September 2020).

1767: 1724: 1391: 1090: 750: 664: 584: 486: 448: 330: 146: 5249:

Mishra, Prajna Paramita (March 2016). "How Green are Our Hotels? Evidence from Thailand".

1329:

said that the government aimed to increase coal mining in an environmentally friendly way.

8: 8031: 7492: 7338: 6913: 6898: 6808: 6585: 5440:"FCA confirms anti-greenwashing guidance and proposes extending sustainability framework" 5168: 5135: 2062:

Greenscamming is used in particular by industrial companies and associations that deploy

1979: 1818: 1810: 1756: 1544: 1535:

are said to be better for the environment than fossil fuels, but some, such as palm oil,

1451: 1355: 1326: 1152: 971: 802: 614: 511: 388: 353: 30: 5262: 4443: 4407: 3570: 1814:

misleading and could well constitute actionable claims for unfair commercial practices.

8016: 7940: 7694: 7422: 7353: 7288: 6676: 5274: 4816: 4695: 4660: 4625: 4579: 4544: 4455: 4388: 4223: 3582: 3534: 3507: 2615: 2590: 2447: 2262: 2188: 2168: 2112: 2079: 2056: 1779: 1043:

The origins of greenwashing can be traced to several different instances. For example,

857: 847: 807: 433: 282: 177: 6339:

Streaming audio of a 2011 radio program on the subject of Green Marketing/Greenwashing

5099:"Companies Must Explain What 'Climate Neutral' Means—or Not Use It, German Court Says" 1458:

by 2060. The plan was criticized as a greenwashing attempt by some climate scientists.

7936: 7895: 7890: 7822: 7640: 7595: 7582: 7537: 7358: 7151: 6843: 6701: 6565: 6507: 6421: 6252: 6205: 6178: 6139: 6107: 6079: 6026: 5984: 5956: 5925: 5900: 5863: 5278: 4999: 4939: 4699: 4664: 4629: 4583: 4548: 4459: 4392: 3586: 3539: 2806: 2795: 2620: 2451: 2287: 2267: 2252: 1761: 1455: 1308: 1275: 1251: 827: 740: 715: 141: 5897:

Betrayal of science and reason: how anti-environmental rhetoric threatens our future

4820: 4527:

Lyon, Thomas P.; Montgomery, A. Wren (June 2015). "The Means and End of Greenwash".

3758:"Greenwash: Fred Pearce on why 'clean coal' is the ultimate climate-change oxymoron" 3711: 3284:"Aston Martin in row over 'sock puppet PR firm' pushing anti-electric vehicle study" 1114:

version of that report, "Greenwash: The Reality Behind Corporate Environmentalism."

993:

in the UK aim to discourage companies from using greenwashing to deceive consumers.

7900: 7875: 7764: 7615: 7542: 7308: 7262: 7016: 6939: 6908: 6878: 6848: 6686: 6385: 6235: 6067: 6005: 5521: 5475: 5389: 5328: 5301: 5266: 4991: 4808: 4687: 4652: 4615: 4607: 4571: 4536: 4509: 4482: 4447: 4378: 4370: 4318: 4257: 4166:"Fixing ESG: Are Mandatory ESG Disclosures the Solution to Misleading ESG Ratings?" 4081: 3578: 3574: 3529: 3519: 3508:"CO2 Mitigation Potential of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles larger than expected" 2610: 2602: 2549: 2439: 2403: 2297: 2036: 1957: 1612:

had an ESG rating higher than its peer average, even though in September 2015, the

1551: 1526: 1495: 1364: 1083: 837: 676: 544: 443: 423: 91: 5332: 4451: 3686:"Stalled for two years, Türkiye's Green Party can't cut through Ankara's red tape" 7759: 7746: 7724: 7709: 7620: 7532: 7398: 7388: 7333: 7293: 7272: 7098: 6893: 6671: 6646: 6616: 6416: 5892: 5888: 4281:

Corruption and integrity risks in climate solutions: an emerging global challenge

3440:"Transport & Environment Accuses PHEVs of Performing Greenwashing Once Again" 2282: 2227: 2040: 2020: 1823: 1803: 1799: 1536: 1480: 955: 559: 554: 428: 413: 57: 6314: 6286: 6009: 4931:

Valero, Francisco García; Faria, Marie-Hélène; Ivanov, Plamen; Wajsman, Nathan.

4486: 2663: 7905: 7432: 7363: 7026: 6944: 6868: 6696: 6631: 6517: 5394: 5305: 4691: 3524: 3157:"Starbucks is banning straws – but is it really a big win for the environment?" 2443: 2242: 2222: 2207: 2120: 2087: 2032: 1554:

highlighted slogans that suggest environmentally benign business activity: the

1431: 1351:

as greenwash. A spoof campaign was launched to pre-empt Chevron's greenwashing.

1312: 1288: 1086: 1060: 978: 947: 884: 842: 770: 765: 760: 730: 564: 393: 325: 287: 254: 79: 4933:

Green EU trade marks. Analysis of goods and services specifications, 1996-2020

4812: 4656: 4611: 4575: 4261: 2873: 2833: 2640:"New Environmental Claims Guidance from CAP, BCAP and the European Commission" 2498: 2139:, the National Wilderness Institute, the Environmental Policy Alliance of the 1454:

announced a tree planting campaign in the desert as part of the plan to reach

7990: 7915: 7845: 7802: 7769: 7754: 7572: 7527: 7417: 7303: 7212: 6994: 6656: 6651: 6626: 6328: 6318: 6050: 5270: 4540: 4195: 3733:"Des ONG dénoncent un "détricotage systématique" du droit de l'environnement" 3204: 2312: 2307: 2292: 2182: 2160: 1950: 1619: 1603: 1562: 1186: 1063:

advertising executive, called this new form of advertising "ecopornography."

1052: 983: 931: 832: 790: 720: 609: 579: 506: 463: 453: 418: 383: 4860:"Nurofen fine over misleading claims in Australia increased to £3.5 million" 3927:"Army of fake social media accounts defend UAE presidency of climate summit" 3053:"Four Paws and Fur Free Alliance warn against 'WelFur' animal welfare label" 2769: 2090:. An important financier of greenscamming organizations was the oil company 1097:

In 1991, a study published in the "Journal of Public Policy and Marketing" (

7704: 7682: 7677: 7667: 7343: 7328: 7318: 7298: 7041: 6903: 6661: 6580: 6334:

Understanding Greenwashing: How Do I Spot Misleading Sustainability Claims?

5839: 3543: 3000:"Consumer protection: enabling sustainable choices and ending greenwashing" 2624: 2272: 2257: 2202: 2063: 1717: 1445: 1423: 1344: 1247: 1056: 780: 725: 594: 368: 42: 7552: 5550:"FTC Cracking Down on Misleading, Unsubstantiated Biodegradability Claims" 3106: 1844:

aimed at bolstering transparency and integrity within ESG rating in 2023.

7672: 7567: 6873: 6722: 6706: 6641: 6590: 5376:

Satchapappichit, Sruangporn; Hashim, Noor Azmi; Hussin, Zolkafli (2013).

4985: 4907:"Criminals increasingly targeting EU green funds, says anti-fraud agency" 4383: 3661:"Is BP's latest campaign nothing more than 'sophisticated greenwashing'?" 2896:"A History of Greenwashing: How Dirty Towels Impacted the Green Movement" 2606: 2392:"Greenwashing: Appearance, illusion and the future of 'green' capitalism" 2071: 2009: 1974: 1569: 1512: 1419: 1348: 1281: 1171: 1066: 1019: 943: 879: 408: 398: 378: 335: 292: 4620: 3972:"Al Gore slams COP28 climate summit host UAE, says its emissions soared" 3380:"The rise of the mild hybrid – a steppingstone technology or greenwash?" 7714: 7587: 7393: 7313: 7234: 7161: 6681: 6636: 2408: 2391: 2217: 2091: 2052: 2028: 1996: 1929: 1809:

In January 2021, the European Commission, in cooperation with national

1609: 1126: 599: 539: 438: 403: 35: 4322: 4200:"Environmental groups sue TotalEnergies over climate marketing claims" 3402:"Toyota accused of greenwashing in Greenpeace complaint filed to ACCC" 2744:"Business-Managed Environment - Front Groups - Keep America Beautiful" 2111:, whose website features articles and commentaries opposing ambitious 2035:

when they use them. Customers may feel that they are nullifying their

7348: 7239: 6342: 6287:

Greenscamming. The Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential

6239: 5579:

https://web.wpi.edu/Images/CMS/Business/WP1-2015_Green_Marketing.pdf.

4374: 3601:"Bakan Bayraktar açıkladı! Yerli kömür üretiminde hedef 6 milyon ton" 2553: 2277: 2232: 2197: 1925: 1881: 1470: 1438: 1260: 1194: 1075: 755: 6249:

Earth for Sale: Reclaiming Ecology in the Age of Corporate Greenwash

4771: 4714:"Carbon Trust aims to end 'greenwash' by launching company standard" 3419:

Advertising Standards Authority; Committee of Advertising Practice.

1876:

The Green Leaf Certification is an evaluation method created by the

7689: 6989: 6863: 6354: 6023:

Environment and society: human perspectives on environmental issues

5922:

Environment and society: human perspectives on environmental issues

4995: 4513: 3256:"Volkswagen effect: Are other car companies cheating on emissions?" 2237: 1830: 1826:(2015), and is effective in deceivingly attracting more investors. 1687: 1654:

studies could be attributed to cultural or geographic differences.

1521: 959: 951: 735: 373: 320: 38: 6217:

Priesnitz, W. (2008). "Greenwash: When the green is just veneer".

3946:"UAE's Cop28 has 'biggest carbon footprint' of any climate summit" 1507: 958:

to persuade the public that an organization's products, goals, or

6477: 6295: 6047:

Die Medien und die Klimalüge. Falsche Skepsis und echte Leugnung.

5472:"Part 260 — Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims" 3859:"'Dangerous and delusional': Critics denounce Saudi climate plan" 3506:

Plötz, P.; Funke, S. A.; Jochem, P.; Wietschel, M. (2017-11-28).

2692: 2116: 1555: 1211:

upheld complaints against major vehicle manufacturers, including

2465: 2074:, also driven by specially-founded greenscamming organizations. 6278:"Greenwashing culprits to be foiled ahead of business summit". 5616:"China Issues Green Product Certification Implementation Rules" 3631:"Massive Chevron Ad Campaign Derailed, Media Slapstick Follows" 1478:

was alleged to have suggested edits to the Knowledge article of

1387: 1373:

was also reported to have engaged in such conduct in the 2010s.

1220: 1212: 1193:

In 2018, in response to increased calls to ban plastic straws,

1166: 604: 5049:"EU agrees deal on company disclosures to combat greenwashing" 4596: 3883:"Commentary: COP26 protesters are right about 'greenwashing'" 3783:"Clean energy cash could fund new coal plants, Morrison says" 3335:"EU lawmakers take watered-down Euro 7 deal one step further" 2104: 1877: 1484: 1474: 1466: 1224: 5294:

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management

5191:"Greenwash Watch: Norways Says Cars Neither Green Nor Clean" 3908:"Cop28 president's team accused of Knowledge' greenwashing'" 1339:

A 2010 advertising campaign by Chevron was described by the

6267:"Beyond Disclosure: Driving Performance & Trust in ESG" 6121:

Dobin, Diana (2009). "Greenwashing harms entire movement".

5375: 2024: 1595: 1295: 1236: 1216: 1159:

way to trim product and to save money in producing Pampers.

4139:

Simpson, Cam; Rathi, Akshat; Kishan, Saijel (2021-12-10).

3617:üretirseniz, o kadar daha az ithal etmiş olursunuz." dedi. 3083:"H&M Case Shows How Greenwashing Breaks Brand Promise" 3024:"The True Story Of Pampers Dry Max Part 1 The Diaper Wars" 2423:

Pizzetti, Marta; Gatti, Lucia; Seele, Peter (April 2021).

1325:

In 2024 Turkey's Minister of Energy and Natural Resources

1291:"self charging" or "fueled by petrol, driven by electric". 5924:(5th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. pp. 244–256. 4887:

Naish, J. (2008). "Lies...Damned lies...And green lies".

3834:"Inside Top Oil Exporter Saudi Arabia's Plan to Go Green" 3505: 1539:(which contributes to global warming due to release of CO 6136:

Greenwash: the reality behind corporate environmentalism

4047:"Natural Gas: Safer Cleaner Energy That Pays For Itself" 2955:"Commentary: When CSR is neither profit nor public good" 2920:(in Danish). Jyllands-Posten. 2008-06-21. Archived from 2153:

Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change

6308: 6055:„Lügenpresse“: Anatomie eines politischen Kampfbegriffs 5983:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 93–94. 4938:(Report). European Union Intellectual Property Office. 2155:, the National Environmental Policy Institute, and the 1802:

and smuggling of precious wood and timber into the EU (

1576: 1461:

Some environmental activists and critics condemned the

1370: 1122: 5943: 5941: 4642: 4561: 4360: 3460:

Real-world usage of plug-in – hybrid electric vehicles

3309:"NGO call to rename Euro 7 for cars to Euro 6f - EPHA" 2333:"Season 5: It's Not Easy Being Green: Green Marketing" 6293:

New rules aim to clamp down on corporate greenwashing

6104:

Ecologic : the truth and lies of green economics

4082:"Little Green Lies—How Companies Erect an Eco-Facade" 3997:"Indonesia's New Capital Is a Mess of Trees and Dirt" 3231:"The Domino Effect Of Volkswagen's Emissions Scandal" 1463:

2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26)

1001:

TerraChoice, an environmental consulting division of

27:

Use of the aesthetic of conservationism for promotion

4930: 4277: 3132:"McDonald's Rebuked for Greenwashing Climate Pledge" 2178: 2131:

Examples of greenscamming organizations include the

2086:

Greenscamming organizations are active in organized

1527:

gas networks initially conceived for natural gas-use

5938: 5850: 5848: 5416:"Making environmental claims on goods and services" 5161:"Prove 'clean, green' ads, Norway tells automakers" 3456: 1704:because of negative experiences with greenwashing. 1515:

described as "A better environment inside and out."

1386:Municipal bus encouraging recycling in the city of 5074:"EU proposes new shake-up of ESG ratings agencies" 4986:European Securities and Markets Authority (2023). 4193: 4138: 3277: 3275: 2974:"Beware of green marketing, warns Greenpeace exec" 2962: 2938:"The Real Deal? Hotels grapple with green washing" 2422: 2362:"LP: 'The biggest environmental crime in history'" 2151:environmentalists who promoted fish habitats. The 1694: 4273: 4271: 3850: 3825: 3800: 2715:"Study: 'Greenwashing' mars 95% of 'green' items" 1473:user who identified themselves as an employee of 7988: 7462: 6194:"Environmental Religion: A Theological Critique" 5845: 4499: 4289:London School of Economics and Political Science 4170:Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law 2141:Center for Organizational Research and Education 1657: 1575:The multinational oil company formerly known as 1303:environmental footprint of battery electric cars 6980:Environmental, social, and corporate governance 6280:European Environment & Packaging Law Weekly 4969:"Green trademarks and the risk of greenwashing" 4834:Advertisers, World Federation of (2022-04-04). 4428: 3272: 2797:Great Debates in American Environmental History 2793:Black, Brian (2008). Lybecker, Donna L. (ed.). 2591:"Greenwashing: Do You Know What You're Buying?" 1682: 1494:The construction of the new Indonesian capital 1082:The term "greenwashing" was coined by New York 497:Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas 6329:What is Greenwashing, and Why is it a Problem? 6076:Der Klimawandel: Diagnose, Prognose, Therapie. 6057:. Cologne 2017, p. 137–157, p. 143/44 and 150. 5947: 5899:. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. p. 16. 5887: 5854: 5345: 4836:"Global Guidance on Environmental Claims 2022" 4526: 4268: 4247: 3556: 2952: 977:Many corporations use greenwashing to improve 7448: 7281: 6370: 6311:- ratings of corporate sustainability claims. 5382:Journal of Business Management and Accounting 5318: 5291: 3468:International Council on Clean Transportation 3107:"McDonald's rolling out green logo in Europe" 1594:In 2021, American financial services company 906: 223: 6221:(121): 14–16 – via GreenFILE database. 6025:(5th ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 245. 4988:ESG names and claims in the EU fund industry 4677: 4406:Özsoy, Tufan; Avcilar, Mutlu Yüksel (2016). 4405: 4308: 3809:"Saudi Arabia: Greenwashing or real change?" 2103:, which includes 43 organizations funded by 6155:"Why 'greenwash' won't wash with consumers" 5883: 5881: 5879: 5221:"Norways Says Cars Neither Green Nor Clean" 5071: 4833: 1403:In 2010, environmentalists stated the 1227:who made false claims about their vehicles. 45:". The company later faced scrutiny due to 7455: 7441: 6377: 6363: 6225: 6133: 6060: 5804: 5352:Journal of Sustainable Tourism Development 5072:Payne, Julia; Wilkes, Tommy (2023-06-13). 4472: 3924: 3358: 2916:[Greenwashers invade the market]. 2767: 2539: 2514:"Top 10 Greenwashing Companies In America" 913: 899: 230: 216: 6216: 6138:. Penang, Malaysia: Third World Network. 5497:"FTC Reviews Guidelines for Green Claims" 5393: 5346:Baxter, Glenn; Srisaeng, Panarat (2021). 4619: 4412:Journal of Academic Research in Economics 4382: 4108:Journal of Applied Business and Economics 3969: 3635:Urbana Champaign Independent Media Center 3533: 3523: 3395: 3393: 3377: 3253: 3004:European Commission - European Commission 2953:Suryodiningrat, Meidyatama (2008-08-28). 2893: 2614: 2407: 5953:Climate change denial: heads in the sand 5876: 5860:Climate change denial: heads in the sand 5709: 5707: 4882: 4880: 3905: 3421:"Motoring: Hybrid and electric vehicles" 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2637: 2569:"Climate Change's New Ally: Big Finance" 2488: 2389: 2078:initiatives, therefore, must give their 1648: 1506: 1381: 1267:Calling the next provisionally approved 1065: 1031:"Fibbing": a claim that is simply false. 29: 7384:Barriers to pro-environmental behaviour 6324:Greenwashing in Popular Culture and Art 6172: 6014: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5244: 5242: 5240: 4791: 4163: 4020: 3994: 3856: 3806: 3332: 3281: 2935: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 1119:World Summit on Sustainable Development 14: 7989: 6191: 6020: 5975: 5919: 5544: 5542: 5248: 5122: 4354: 4098: 3943: 3658: 3438:Ruffo, Gustavo Henrique (2023-02-11). 3390: 3202: 2971: 2712: 2163:are also greenscamming organizations. 2157:Information Council on the Environment 2145:American Council on Science and Health 2083:counterproductive for the initiators. 1878:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1377: 1201: 8022:Environmental social science concepts 7436: 6358: 6246: 6228:Business Strategy and the Environment 6120: 6101: 5862:. London: Earthscan. pp. 72–75. 5704: 5577:Zhu, Qingyun, and Joseph Sarkis. n.d. 5218: 5188: 5158: 5096: 5046: 4963: 4961: 4886: 4877: 4363:Business Strategy and the Environment 4075: 4073: 4071: 3437: 3361:"Hybride et plug-in: les différences" 3080: 2819: 2801:. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 2792: 2542:Business Strategy and the Environment 2115:concepts, even though the dangers of 1600:environmental, social, and governance 1465:as greenwashing. They also condemned 492:Federation of Green Parties of Africa 6384: 6177:. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. 6152: 6078:C. H. Beck, 7th. Edition 2012, 5785: 5715:"国家标准化管理委员会关于印发《2023年全国标准化工作要点》的通知" 5457: 5408: 5237: 4770:. Greenwashing Index. Archived from 4335: 4079: 3831: 3228: 2851: 2588: 2031:that reward Canadian customers with 1635: 1359:environment. In the late 1980s, The 199: 5788:"How Greenpeace campaigns in China" 5664:"哪些重要文件提到了"统一绿色产品标准认证标识体系"？ - 工作动态" 5539: 5522:"FTC Issues Revised "Green Guides"" 4101:"Greenwashing in the New Millenium" 3399: 3205:"Volkswagen: The scandal explained" 3182:"ASA Adjudication on Suzuki GB plc" 1502: 1142: 502:Federation of Young European Greens 24: 6092: 5981:The inquisition of climate science 4979: 4958: 4866:. France Presse Agence. 2016-12-16 4068: 3359:Muelhauser, Isaline (2022-08-19). 2638:Thornton, Gabriella (2022-05-18). 2566: 2458: 1209:UK Advertising Standards Authority 996: 25: 8043: 7010:Environmental resource management 6349:Green claims, European Commission 6302: 6134:Greer, Jed; Bruno, Kenny (1996). 5955:. London: Earthscan. p. 75. 5812:"Cashing in on the Environmental" 5251:Environment and Urbanization ASIA 4198:; Mallet, Benjamin (2022-03-02). 3970:Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-04). 3925:Carrington, Damian (2023-06-08). 2595:Environmental Health Perspectives 2068:denial of man-made global warming 1973:The issue of green marketing and 1895:Competition and Markets Authority 1888: 1789: 991:Committee of Advertising Practice 7946: 7945: 7935: 7551: 7416: 6039: 5997: 5969: 5913: 5833: 5779: 5755: 5731: 5680: 5656: 5632: 5608: 5584: 5571: 5514: 5489: 5432: 5369: 5339: 5312: 5285: 5212: 3807:Holleis, Jennifer (2021-11-04). 3254:Shekhtman, Lonnie (2015-09-21). 3188:. UK. 2009-06-10. Archived from 2466:"Greenpeace | Greenwashing" 2181: 2046: 2003: 1905: 1179: 812:List of environmental incidents 261: 198: 189: 188: 56: 7720:Science, technology and society 6457:Human impact on the environment 6442:List of environmental conflicts 6251:. Boston, MA: South End Press. 6198:Case Western Reserve Law Review 5688:"5项绿色产品认证领域认证认可行业标准通过审查 - 工作动态" 5182: 5152: 5116: 5090: 5065: 5040: 5012: 4924: 4899: 4852: 4827: 4785: 4760: 4731: 4706: 4671: 4636: 4590: 4555: 4520: 4493: 4466: 4422: 4399: 4329: 4302: 4241: 4216: 4187: 4157: 4132: 4092: 4039: 4014: 3988: 3963: 3937: 3918: 3899: 3875: 3775: 3750: 3725: 3696: 3678: 3652: 3623: 3593: 3550: 3499: 3481: 3450: 3431: 3412: 3371: 3352: 3326: 3313:European Public Health Alliance 3301: 3282:Ambrose, Jillian (2020-12-02). 3247: 3222: 3196: 3186:Advertising Standards Authority 3174: 3149: 3124: 3099: 3074: 3045: 3016: 2992: 2887: 2786: 2768:Abdelfatah, Rund (2019-09-05). 2761: 2736: 2706: 2677: 2656: 2631: 2489:Karliner, Joshua (2001-03-22). 1733:corporate social responsibility 1695:Implications for green business 1630: 1614:Environmental Protection Agency 1333: 1239:35.4 billion. Other automakers 1149:Environmental impact of fashion 41:in 2010, featuring the phrase " 6776:List of environmental killings 5167:. South Africa. Archived from 4529:Organization & Environment 4475:Journal of Consumer Psychology 3995:Rachman, Joseph (2024-06-14). 3857:Kennedy, Robert (2021-10-26). 3579:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120498 3378:Frankland, Olly (2021-07-21). 3203:Hotten, Russell (2015-09-22). 2936:Hayward, Philip (2009-02-01). 2914:"Grønvaskere invaderer børsen" 2770:"The Litter Myth: Throughline" 2644:marketinglaw.osborneclarke.com 2582: 2560: 2533: 2491:"A Brief History of Greenwash" 2482: 2416: 2383: 2354: 2325: 1784:Canadian Standards Association 1588: 1099:American Marketing Association 482:Asia Pacific Greens Federation 13: 1: 6622:Bright green environmentalism 6153:Lake, Jonathan (2008-05-11). 5526:U.S. Federal Trade Commission 5333:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.016 5219:Doyle, Alister (2007-09-06). 5159:Doyle, Alister (2007-09-11). 4452:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.201 4432:Journal of Cleaner Production 4027:nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs 3832:Walt, Vivienne (2022-09-01). 3081:Stern, Matthew (2022-07-13). 2972:Romero, Purple (2008-09-17). 2894:Motavalli, Jim (2011-02-12). 2319: 2126: 2101:Union of Concerned Scientists 1742: 1707: 1658:Effect on consumer perception 359:Bright green environmentalism 8012:Public relations terminology 7464:Environmental social science 6794:Environmentalism of the poor 6667:Free-market environmentalism 6309:Roberts Environmental Center 5818:. 2009-11-13. Archived from 5556:. 2013-11-07. Archived from 5123:Øverli, Bente (2007-09-03). 5097:Kirby, Joshua (2024-06-27). 4502:Journal of Consumer Research 4053:. 2009-04-25. Archived from 4021:Bittman, Mark (2013-09-25). 3906:Stockton, Ben (2023-05-30). 3710:. 2010-02-03. Archived from 3637:. 2010-12-03. Archived from 3333:Manthey, Nora (2023-12-19). 3030:. 2010-05-26. Archived from 2872:. 2001-03-22. Archived from 2589:Dahl, Richard (2010-06-01). 2339:. 2011-01-08. Archived from 1854:Federal Constitutional Court 1750: 1683:Attributions of greenwashing 1602:(ESG) rating of the company 1582:Gulf of Mexico rig explosion 1489:Hamad Bin Khalifa University 1264:at Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd. 575:Corporate political activism 7: 7503:Environmental communication 7005:Natural resource management 6924:Sustainability organization 6400:Outline of environmentalism 6271:Standards Council of Canada 6021:Harper, Charles L. (2012). 6010:10.1057/978-1-137-53315-9_5 5920:Harper, Charles L. (2012). 5189:Alter, Lloyd (2007-06-09). 4487:10.1207/S15327663JCP1303_15 4051:nationaldefensemagazine.org 3944:Gatten, Emma (2023-11-30). 3229:Team, Trefis (2015-09-28). 2713:Gelles, Jeff (2010-10-26). 2174: 2133:National Wetlands Coalition 1900:Financial Conduct Authority 1871: 1865:Norway's consumer ombudsman 1714:environmental certification 1537:contribute to deforestation 1269:European emission standards 1137: 364:Criticisms of globalization 10: 8048: 7488:Environmental anthropology 5395:10.32890/jbma2013.3.0.8885 5306:10.1108/IJCHM-04-2014-0202 5020:"Strategic Plan 2020-2024" 4801:Journal of Business Ethics 4792:Parguel, Beatrice (2011). 4692:10.1007/s10551-020-04461-0 4680:Journal of Business Ethics 4645:Journal of Business Ethics 4600:Journal of Business Ethics 4564:Journal of Business Ethics 4311:Psychology & Marketing 4250:Journal of Business Ethics 3659:Kakkad, Ria (2023-09-15). 3525:10.1038/s41598-017-16684-9 2685:"The Sins of Greenwashing" 2444:10.1007/s10551-019-04406-2 2432:Journal of Business Ethics 1949:According to FTC Chairman 1847: 1796:European Anti-Fraud Office 1416:carbon capture and storage 1361:American Chemistry Council 1146: 1089:in a 1986 essay about the 1038: 303:Politics of climate change 7931: 7780: 7560: 7549: 7470: 7412: 7376: 7255: 7144: 7087:Anti-incinerator movement 7052: 6950:Climate change mitigation 6932: 6859:Cultural environmentalism 6826: 6799:Environmental stewardship 6784: 6758: 6715: 6609: 6596:Resacralization of nature 6558: 6551: 6465: 6409: 6394: 6173:Lubbers, Eveline (2002). 6072:Hans Joachim Schellnhuber 5786:Ying, Yuan (2023-05-12). 5047:Jones, Huw (2022-06-21). 4813:10.1007/s10551-011-0901-2 4657:10.1007/s10551-015-2816-9 4612:10.1007/s10551-013-1944-3 4576:10.1007/s10551-017-3512-8 4262:10.1007/s10551-009-0113-1 4099:Furlow, Nancy E. (2010). 4023:"Is Natural Gas' Clean'?" 3260:Christian Science Monitor 2719:The Philadelphia Inquirer 2203:Climate bond (green bond) 1859: 1773: 1533:First-generation biofuels 1363:started a program called 1341:Rainforest Action Network 1282:"Mild" or "smart" hybrids 1108:Oxford English Dictionary 986:and business operations. 550:Climate change mitigation 278:Climate change litigation 7518:Environmental psychology 7169:Conspicuous conservation 6985:Environmentally friendly 6970:Environmental protection 6965:Environmental personhood 6814:Radical environmentalism 6771:Environmental skepticism 6571:Environmental philosophy 6106:. London: Eden Project. 5271:10.1177/0975425315619050 4541:10.1177/1086026615575332 4164:El-Hage, Javier (2021). 3607:(in Turkish). 2024-03-20 3400:Cox, Lisa (2023-03-03). 2213:Conspicuous conservation 2137:Global Climate Coalition 2119:could be exacerbated by 2043:still goes to the bank. 1968: 1912:Federal Trade Commission 1829:The 2020-2024 agenda of 1305:is called into question. 1103:Federal Trade Commission 964:environmentally friendly 687:Environmental skepticism 590:Ecological modernization 517:World Ecological Parties 7523:Environmental sociology 7498:Environmental economics 7478:Ecological anthropology 6960:Ecological civilization 6192:Nelson, Robert (2004). 6049:In: Volker Lilienthal, 5501:greencleancertified.com 5103:The Wall Street Journal 4990:. Publications Office. 4114:: 22–25. Archived from 3739:(in French). 2020-09-02 3665:The Sustainability Beat 3057:Four Paws International 2942:Lodging Magazine online 2109:Africa Fighting Malaria 2055:. This is analogous to 2016:Carbon emission trading 1993:Chinese Communist Party 1422:'s Greenwash column in 1319: 984:manufacturing processes 535:Carbon fee and dividend 7513:Environmental politics 7423:Environment portal 7404:Tragedy of the commons 7268:Environmental defender 6955:Conservation community 6884:Environmental defender 6834:Anti-fracking movement 6750:Stewardship (theology) 6432:Environmental movement 6427:Environmental conflict 6315:How Greenwashing Works 5977:Powell, James Lawrence 5816:Climate Change Central 2866:"Greenwash Fact Sheet" 2838:thegreenlifeonline.org 2691:. 2013. Archived from 2689:sinsofgreenwashing.org 2664:"Sins of Greenwashing" 2390:Williams, Joe (2024). 2248:Ethics of philanthropy 1943: 1516: 1409:Clear Skies Initiative 1399: 1071: 1045:Keep America Beautiful 950:that deceptively uses 625:effects of agriculture 50: 7608:Ecological humanities 7508:Environmental history 7202:The Lord of the Rings 7022:Short-haul flight ban 6889:Environmental justice 6854:Conservation movement 6839:Anti-nuclear movement 6766:Anti-environmentalism 6452:Environmental studies 6247:Tokar, Brian (1997). 6102:Clegg, Brian (2009). 5951:; Cook, John (2011). 5858:; Cook, John (2011). 5763:"绿色产品标识使用管理办法 - 工作动态" 5581:Retrieved 2023-05-05. 4913:. Reuters. 2020-09-10 2303:Reputation laundering 2096:James Lawrence Powell 2027:offers "Eco-Logique" 1916: 1712:Companies may pursue 1649:Psychological effects 1510: 1405:Bush Administration's 1385: 1243:on emissions systems. 1069: 706:Fossil fuel phase-out 570:Conservation movement 104:Environmental studies 33: 7700:Integrated geography 7578:Behavioral geography 7483:Ecological economics 6975:Environmental policy 6789:Biophilia hypothesis 6692:Green libertarianism 6045:Michael Brüggemann: 5767:chinagreenproduct.cn 5692:chinagreenproduct.cn 5668:chinagreenproduct.cn 4768:"Greenwashing Index" 3493:climate.ec.europa.eu 3365:AutoScout24 Magazine 2607:10.1289/ehp.118-a246 2072:fossil energy sector 2070:by companies in the 1768:environmental impact 1725:University of Oregon 1117:In 2002, during the 585:Ecological economics 487:European Green Party 449:Green libertarianism 331:Grassroots democracy 47:an emissions scandal 7971:Research institutes 7493:Environmental crime 7339:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 6914:Product stewardship 6899:Ethical consumerism 6809:Nature conservation 6586:Earth jurisprudence 6123:Lodging Hospitality 5263:2016EnUrA...7..132M 4444:2018JCPro.187..740Z 3571:2023ApEn..33320498L 2959:Jakarta Post online 2080:front organizations 1819:sustainable finance 1811:consumer protection 1757:Trade Practices Act 1731:company's level of 1545:habitat destruction 1452:Mohammed bin Salman 1378:Political campaigns 1356:Chevron Corporation 1327:Alparslan Bayraktar 1202:Automobile industry 1153:Sustainable fashion 972:natural environment 786:transport hierarchy 630:effects of aviation 512:Global Young Greens 389:Ecoauthoritarianism 354:Alter-globalization 7941:Environment portal 7695:Industrial ecology 7354:Theodore Roosevelt 7289:Sunderlal Bahuguna 6677:Green conservatism 5554:Sustainable Brands 5321:Tourism Management 5132:orbrukerombudet.no 4823:– via JSTOR. 4291:(Technical report) 3512:Scientific Reports 3470:(Technical report) 2834:"Greenwashing 101" 2409:10.1111/gec3.12736 2268:Gasoline additives 2263:Fossil fuels lobby 2189:Environment portal 2169:lobby organization 2113:climate mitigation 2057:aggressive mimicry 1995:general secretary 1980:Chinese government 1852:In June 2024, the 1780:Competition Bureau 1517: 1400: 1309:Fuel cell vehicles 1276:start-stop systems 1246:In November 2020, 1190:emissions by 2050. 1072: 1022:where none exists. 808:Low-carbon economy 434:Green conservatism 283:Fossil fuels lobby 51: 7984: 7983: 7823:Green criminology 7583:Community studies 7538:Political ecology 7430: 7429: 7372: 7371: 7256:Environmentalists 7075:Rio Grande do Sul 6844:Car-free movement 6822: 6821: 6702:Green syndicalism 6566:Political ecology 6422:Ecological crisis 6113:978-1-905811-25-0 5949:Washington, Haydn 5856:Washington, Haydn 5005:978-92-95202-86-3 4336:Sherrier, Julie. 4323:10.1002/mar.21069 4001:foreignpolicy.com 3444:autoevolution.com 2567:Condon, Madison. 2470:stopgreenwash.org 2396:Geography Compass 2288:Green parking lot 2253:False advertising 1782:, along with the 1636:Lack of integrity 1577:British Petroleum 1456:carbon neutrality 1437:The renaming of " 1396:the 2023 election 1232:fitted their cars 1165:Clothing company 923: 922: 828:Political ecology 746:industrial policy 321:Ecological wisdom 240: 239: 16:(Redirected from 8039: 8027:1980s neologisms 8002:Environmentalism 7949: 7948: 7939: 7871:natural resource 7555: 7543:Regional science 7457: 7450: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7421: 7420: 7309:Jacques Cousteau 7279: 7278: 7263:Environmentalist 7017:Rights of nature 6940:Circular economy 6909:Impact investing 6879:Ecological grief 6849:Climate movement 6687:Green liberalism 6556: 6555: 6401: 6388: 6387:Environmentalism 6379: 6372: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6298:. June 26, 2023. 6283: 6282:(159): 28. 2009. 6274: 6262: 6243: 6240:10.1002/bse.1912 6222: 6213: 6188: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6149: 6130: 6117: 6087: 6068:Stefan Rahmstorf 6064: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6018: 6012: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5945: 5936: 5935: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5893:Ehrlich, Anne H. 5889:Ehrlich, Paul R. 5885: 5874: 5873: 5852: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5725: 5711: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5698: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5644:lawinfochina.com 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5620:packaginglaw.com 5612: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5588: 5582: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5474:. 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Foreign Policy 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3957: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3708:leahy.senate.gov 3700: 3694: 3693: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3537: 3527: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3465: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3279: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3118: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3059:. Archived from 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2978:news.abs-cbn.com 2968: 2966: 2961:. Archived from 2949: 2944:. Archived from 2932: 2930: 2929: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2800: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2721:. Archived from 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2618: 2601:(6): a246–a252. 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2576: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2554:10.1002/bse.1912 2537: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2497:. Archived from 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2429: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2378: 2377: 2368:. Archived from 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2329: 2298:Green transition 2191: 2186: 2185: 2037:carbon footprint 1958:biodegradability 1839: 1765: 1503:Business slogans 1365:Responsible Care 1143:Fashion industry 1091:hotel industry's 1084:environmentalist 938:"), also called 915: 908: 901: 838:Renewable energy 677:Environmentalism 545:Circular economy 444:Green liberalism 424:Environmentalism 265: 242: 241: 232: 225: 218: 202: 201: 192: 191: 92:Environmentalism 60: 53: 52: 21: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8036: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7927: 7776: 7747:Systems ecology 7731:Sustainability 7725:science studies 7710:Rural sociology 7556: 7547: 7533:Human geography 7466: 7461: 7431: 7426: 7415: 7408: 7399:Lifeboat ethics 7389:Business ethics 7368: 7334:Wangari Maathai 7294:Murray Bookchin 7277: 7273:Water protector 7251: 7140: 7099:Chipko movement 7048: 6928: 6894:Ethical banking 6818: 6780: 6754: 6711: 6672:Green anarchism 6647:Eco-nationalism 6617:Bioconservatism 6605: 6547: 6461: 6417:Climate justice 6405: 6399: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6305: 6277: 6265: 6259: 6185: 6164: 6162: 6146: 6114: 6095: 6093:Further reading 6090: 6065: 6061: 6044: 6040: 6033: 6019: 6015: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5974: 5970: 5963: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5886: 5877: 5870: 5853: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5825: 5823: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5796: 5794: 5784: 5780: 5771: 5769: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5723: 5721: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5696: 5694: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5672: 5670: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5648: 5646: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5624: 5622: 5614: 5613: 5609: 5600: 5598: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5572: 5563: 5561: 5548: 5547: 5540: 5531: 5529: 5520: 5519: 5515: 5506: 5504: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5481: 5479: 5470: 5469: 5458: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5398: 5374: 5370: 5361: 5359: 5344: 5340: 5317: 5313: 5290: 5286: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5227: 5217: 5213: 5204: 5202: 5187: 5183: 5174: 5172: 5157: 5153: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5108: 5106: 5095: 5091: 5082: 5080: 5070: 5066: 5057: 5055: 5045: 5041: 5032: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5006: 4984: 4980: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4916: 4914: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4844: 4842: 4832: 4828: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4752: 4750: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4712: 4711: 4707: 4676: 4672: 4641: 4637: 4595: 4591: 4560: 4556: 4525: 4521: 4498: 4494: 4471: 4467: 4427: 4423: 4404: 4400: 4359: 4355: 4346: 4344: 4334: 4330: 4307: 4303: 4294: 4292: 4284: 4276: 4269: 4246: 4242: 4233: 4231: 4224:"TotalEnergies" 4222: 4221: 4217: 4208: 4206: 4194:Jessop, Simon; 4192: 4188: 4179: 4177: 4162: 4158: 4149: 4147: 4137: 4133: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4058: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4004: 3993: 3989: 3980: 3978: 3968: 3964: 3955: 3953: 3942: 3938: 3923: 3919: 3904: 3900: 3891: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3867: 3865: 3855: 3851: 3842: 3840: 3830: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3805: 3801: 3792: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3767: 3765: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3715: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3670: 3668: 3657: 3653: 3644: 3642: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3610: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3555: 3551: 3504: 3500: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3436: 3432: 3417: 3413: 3398: 3391: 3376: 3372: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3342: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3316: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3280: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3223: 3214: 3212: 3201: 3197: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3116: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3091: 3089: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3035: 3028:zrecommends.com 3022: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3006: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2982: 2980: 2927: 2925: 2912: 2904: 2902: 2892: 2888: 2879: 2877: 2864: 2863: 2852: 2843: 2841: 2832: 2831: 2820: 2813: 2791: 2787: 2778: 2776: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2726: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2696: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2636: 2632: 2587: 2583: 2574: 2572: 2571:. Boston Review 2565: 2561: 2538: 2534: 2523: 2521: 2518:Huffington Post 2512: 2504: 2502: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2472: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2373: 2366:libertypost.org 2360: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2283:Green marketing 2228:Eco-nationalism 2187: 2180: 2177: 2129: 2049: 2041:interchange fee 2021:Bank of America 2006: 1971: 1908: 1891: 1874: 1862: 1850: 1837: 1824:Paris Agreement 1804:wood laundering 1800:illegal logging 1792: 1776: 1760: 1755:The Australian 1753: 1745: 1710: 1697: 1685: 1660: 1651: 1638: 1633: 1591: 1542: 1505: 1483:, president of 1481:Sultan Al Jaber 1394:is barred from 1380: 1336: 1322: 1311:powered by non- 1289:hybrid vehicles 1278:"micro" hybrid. 1257: 1204: 1182: 1155: 1145: 1140: 1131:U.S. Government 1129:, and even the 1041: 999: 997:Characteristics 982:toward greener 956:green marketing 942:, is a form of 919: 890: 889: 560:Climate justice 555:Climate finance 530: 522: 521: 477: 469: 468: 429:Green anarchism 414:Eco-nationalism 349: 341: 340: 316: 308: 307: 273: 236: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8045: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8007:Green politics 8004: 7999: 7982: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7943: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7825: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7813: 7805: 7800: 7799: 7798: 7793: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7749: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7627:Environmental 7625: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7610: 7605: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7460: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7380: 7378: 7377:Related topics 7374: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7366: 7364:Greta Thunberg 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7285: 7283: 7282:Notable people 7276: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7205: 7198: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7171: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7154: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7131:United Kingdom 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7034: 7029: 7027:Sustainability 7024: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6945:Climate action 6942: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6869:Earth Optimism 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6697:Green politics 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6632:Eco-capitalism 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6601:Social ecology 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6562: 6560: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6538:Social science 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6346: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6312: 6304: 6303:External links 6301: 6300: 6299: 6290: 6284: 6275: 6263: 6257: 6244: 6234:(2): 239–252. 6223: 6214: 6189: 6183: 6170: 6150: 6144: 6131: 6118: 6112: 6099: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6084:978-3406633850 6059: 6038: 6031: 6013: 5996: 5989: 5968: 5961: 5937: 5930: 5912: 5905: 5875: 5868: 5844: 5832: 5803: 5778: 5754: 5730: 5703: 5679: 5655: 5631: 5607: 5583: 5570: 5538: 5513: 5488: 5456: 5431: 5407: 5368: 5338: 5311: 5284: 5257:(1): 132–148. 5236: 5211: 5195:treehugger.com 5181: 5151: 5115: 5089: 5064: 5039: 5011: 5004: 4996:10.2856/885324 4978: 4957: 4944: 4923: 4898: 4876: 4851: 4826: 4784: 4759: 4730: 4705: 4686:(4): 719–739. 4670: 4651:(2): 363–379. 4635: 4606:(4): 693–707. 4589: 4570:(2): 413–424. 4554: 4535:(2): 223–249. 4519: 4514:10.1086/677841 4508:(3): 823–839. 4492: 4481:(3): 349–356. 4465: 4421: 4398: 4369:(2): 407–421. 4353: 4328: 4301: 4267: 4256:(1): 103–113. 4240: 4215: 4196:Dickie, Gloria 4186: 4156: 4131: 4091: 4067: 4038: 4013: 3987: 3962: 3936: 3917: 3898: 3874: 3849: 3824: 3799: 3774: 3749: 3724: 3695: 3677: 3651: 3622: 3592: 3559:Applied Energy 3549: 3498: 3480: 3449: 3430: 3411: 3389: 3370: 3351: 3325: 3300: 3271: 3246: 3221: 3195: 3192:on 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UL Solutions 2655: 2630: 2581: 2559: 2548:(2): 239–252. 2532: 2530: 2529: 2481: 2457: 2415: 2382: 2353: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2223:Eco-capitalism 2220: 2215: 2210: 2208:Coca-Cola Life 2205: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2176: 2173: 2159:funded by the 2128: 2125: 2121:global warming 2088:climate denial 2048: 2045: 2033:carbon offsets 2005: 2002: 1970: 1967: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1921: 1907: 1904: 1890: 1889:United Kingdom 1887: 1873: 1870: 1861: 1858: 1849: 1846: 1842:ESG regulation 1791: 1790:European Union 1788: 1775: 1772: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1709: 1706: 1696: 1693: 1684: 1681: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1607: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1573: 1566: 1559: 1552:Wired magazine 1550:An article in 1548: 1540: 1530: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1459: 1442: 1435: 1432:Scott Morrison 1412: 1379: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1352: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1313:green hydrogen 1306: 1299: 1292: 1285: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1255: 1244: 1228: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1191: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1163: 1160: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1087:Jay Westerveld 1070:Earth Day 1970 1061:Madison Avenue 1040: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1010: 998: 995: 979:public opinion 948:marketing spin 921: 920: 918: 917: 910: 903: 895: 892: 891: 888: 887: 885:Water conflict 882: 877: 876: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 840: 835: 830: 825: 824: 823: 818: 810: 805: 800: 799: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 751:infrastructure 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 708: 703: 702: 701: 696: 691: 690: 689: 674: 673: 672: 667: 662: 660:pricing reform 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 565:Climate target 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 529:Related topics 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 478: 475: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 461: 459:Social ecology 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 394:Eco-capitalism 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 326:Social justice 323: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 298:List of topics 295: 290: 288:Green politics 285: 280: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 258: 257: 255:Green politics 251: 250: 238: 237: 235: 234: 227: 220: 212: 209: 208: 207: 206: 196: 183: 182: 181: 180: 175: 170: 162: 161: 160: 159: 157:Social science 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 118: 117: 115:Environment in 109: 108: 107: 106: 101: 100: 99: 89: 84: 83: 82: 80:on the climate 69: 68: 62: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8044: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7944: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7922: 7921:environmental 7919: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7886:environmental 7884: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7856:environmental 7854: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7831:environmental 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7817: 7816:environmental 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7803:Ecopsychology 7801: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7787:Architecture 7786: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7602: 7601:environmental 7599: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7573:Anthrozoology 7571: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7554: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7528:Human ecology 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7458: 7453: 7451: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7438: 7435: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7304:Rachel Carson 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7248: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7214: 7213:Ecomusicology 7211: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7136:United States 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7095: 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6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6657:Eco-terrorism 6655: 6653: 6652:Eco-socialism 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6627:Disinvestment 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559:Philosophical 6557: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6473:Communication 6471: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Organizations 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319:HowStuffWorks 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6297: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6184:1-56751-224-0 6180: 6176: 6171: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6147: 6145:983-9747-16-9 6141: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6056: 6052: 6051:Irene Neverla 6048: 6042: 6034: 6032:9780205820535 6028: 6024: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5990:9780231157186 5986: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5964: 5962:9781849713368 5958: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5931:9780205820535 5927: 5923: 5916: 5908: 5906:9781559634847 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5871: 5869:9781849713368 5865: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5841: 5836: 5822:on 2013-01-15 5821: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5793: 5789: 5782: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5621: 5617: 5611: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5580: 5574: 5560:on 2018-11-16 5559: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5527: 5523: 5517: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5478:on 2008-11-17 5477: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5396: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5342: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5201:on 2011-05-18 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5171:on 2007-12-12 5170: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5141:on 2010-11-23 5137: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5028: 5021: 5015: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4982: 4974: 4973:WIPO Magazine 4970: 4964: 4962: 4947: 4945:9789291562992 4941: 4934: 4927: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4881: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4774:on 2012-09-05 4773: 4769: 4763: 4749:on 2009-05-09 4748: 4744: 4743:choice.com.au 4740: 4739:"Green Watch" 4734: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4384:11380/1197669 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4290: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4272: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4121:on 2023-03-28 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4057:on 2009-04-25 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3951: 3950:The Telegraph 3947: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3714:on 2010-02-03 3713: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3641:on 2010-12-03 3640: 3636: 3632: 3626: 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2047:Greenscamming 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2004:Related terms 2001: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1976: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1951:Jon Leibowitz 1947: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1906:United States 1903: 1901: 1896: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1845: 1843: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1763: 1758: 1748: 1740: 1736: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1701: 1692: 1689: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1642: 1625: 1621: 1620:Totalenergies 1618: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1598:upgraded the 1597: 1593: 1592: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1563:Poland Spring 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1446:Saudi Arabian 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1354:In 1985, the 1353: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294:The fleet of 1293: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1180:Food industry 1174: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1135: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:Silent Spring 1049: 1046: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1004: 994: 992: 987: 985: 980: 975: 973: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 932:compound word 929: 925: 916: 911: 909: 904: 902: 897: 896: 894: 893: 886: 883: 881: 878: 874: 871: 869: 868:refurbishment 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 845: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 833:Progressivism 831: 829: 826: 822: 819: 817: 814: 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ecology 6279: 6270: 6248: 6231: 6227: 6219:Natural Life 6218: 6201: 6197: 6174: 6163:. Retrieved 6158: 6135: 6126: 6122: 6103: 6075: 6062: 6054: 6046: 6041: 6022: 6016: 5999: 5980: 5971: 5952: 5921: 5915: 5896: 5859: 5840:Sharon Beder 5835: 5824:. Retrieved 5820:the original 5815: 5806: 5795:. Retrieved 5791: 5781: 5770:. Retrieved 5766: 5757: 5746:. Retrieved 5742: 5733: 5722:. Retrieved 5718: 5695:. Retrieved 5691: 5682: 5671:. Retrieved 5667: 5658: 5647:. Retrieved 5643: 5634: 5623:. Retrieved 5619: 5610: 5599:. Retrieved 5595: 5586: 5573: 5562:. Retrieved 5558:the original 5553: 5530:. Retrieved 5528:. 2012-10-01 5525: 5516: 5505:. Retrieved 5503:. 2016-06-15 5500: 5491: 5480:. Retrieved 5476:the original 5448:. Retrieved 5446:. 2024-04-22 5443: 5434: 5423:. Retrieved 5419: 5410: 5399:. Retrieved 5385: 5381: 5371: 5360:. Retrieved 5355: 5351: 5341: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5254: 5250: 5228:. Retrieved 5224: 5214: 5203:. Retrieved 5199:the original 5194: 5184: 5173:. Retrieved 5169:the original 5164: 5154: 5143:. 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