2235:
1467:
2259:
1684:
352:
2107:. Sturdza was persuaded that Cuza was turning to dictatorial means such as changing governments "with each season" and asking civilians to carry out illegal orders.In February 1863, he asked for Negri, who was Cuza's diplomatic agent and Sturdza's former rival in the princely election, to be prosecuted on such grounds. Also then, he made a point of reminding to the Assembly that the Ad hoc Divans had pressed for union under a foreign-born prince as "the wish of an entire nation." This stance was rejected by deputy Nicolae RucÄreanu, who claimed that "if the nation has voted for a foreign prince, it was because this option was imposed on it by the intelligentsia, and not by its own senses." Sturdza's attack on Cuza was also regarded as tactless by the
328:
1839:. He was finally validated by the Divan deputies, 32 votes to 20. Both Sturdzas, who ran their respective princely campaigns from the Roznovanu House (Mihail) and the Lozonschi Street villa (Grigore), were eventually rejected by a majority of delegates in the Divan. As noted by historiographer Daniel Clain, in this initial phase there were 30 deputies pledged to the Nationals, while Mihail and Grigore Sturdza had 21 and 13, respectively. The former group did not necessarily doubt that the Sturdzas also supported union, but still noted that "under no circumstance" could either of them take the throne. Vaillant, who had earlier supported the Nationals, believed that the
340:
3047:
1054:
the
Austrian agent Stokera, who found the elder Sturdza sibling to be "rather poor with the spirit", also arguing that, at this stage, Grigore was committed to Moldavia's "Russian party". Despite his lack of seniority, Grigore was being groomed to succeed Mihail on the princely throne. Reportedly, he asked his father to allow him a relocation to Paris, which he found to be warmer and more intellectually prestigious, as well as more sexually liberated, than Berlin. Reportedly, in 1839 the future "Muklis" had also joined the
3062:
1129:
1675:. Under this regime, he finally renounced his claim to the Pedemonte reparations (September 1856). The Russian side had repeatedly refused to deal with Sturdza as a commission member, noting that he was a deserter from their ranks. KogÄlniceanu welcomed the news, seeing them as proof that Russians had a good understanding of Sturdza's character: "this man will also desert from the Turkish colors, as he has done first with the Moldavian colors, and then with the Russian colors."
38:
2041:
appeared, almost identical, in the constitutional project submitted for approval by the commission. Their claim was ridiculed by Cuza's leading
Moldavian partisan, KogÄlniceanu, who read in it traces of Sturdza's spite (paraphrased as: "I couldn't be a reigning prince; well then, neither will you"). In September 1859, however, he agreed with Cuza that the Commission needed to work on solving "the question between landowners and villagers"âby which Cuza actually meant a
2721:, officially because of Sturdza's anger that his journalists had insulted BrÄtianu and other figures of the PNL administration; the party was also dissolved, in 1881. In that context, Sturdza explained that he had grown fonder of the PNL, which had shown itself open toward a RomanianâRussian alliance. Though briefly detained as an alleged Pietraru accomplice, Captain Florescu resurfaced in public life as a PNL member. Commenting on his reconversion, memoirist
2431:. In presenting the argument for the latter, Sturdza noted: "Under Prince Mihail Sturza, after they hanged a few robbers, personal security became absolute and there were no more cases of either robbery or murder." As noted by political scientist Apostol Stan, the document was in effect a program for "more or less a personal rule" by "White" Prime Minister Catargiu. This initiative also brought the first clashes between Sturdza and the cultural society
3419:. In the early interwar years, the complex was only permanently used by a caretaker, Fr. ČtefÄnescu, and his family. In late 1933, an annex was being demolished to ease access from a neighboring street. Identified as decadent, the main building was slated for demolition as early as 1937, and finally torn down in late 1944. During its final years, it was the subject of a ditty mocking Foreign Minister
2861:'s plan for fortifying Romania's plain cities, noting that the only naturally defensible stronghold was at FocČani. He also contended that Romania was helpless in front of a Russian invasion, advising government to declare neutrality and grant safe passage to the Russian armies. Between 1891 and 1895, under a new Catargiu cabinet, Sturdza and his followers, collectively known as the BZD Club (from
1370:. Here, he appears as "MichaĂŤl CantĂŠmir", while Dash herself is the ethnic Romani maid Chiva; historical facts are modified to suggest that Sturdza had been forced to choose between his passion and the needs of his countrymen, since marrying Chiva would have made him ineligible for the throne. The novel was translated into Romanian by Theodor Codrescu and already published in that version in 1851.
3339:"With him we lost the very last gentleman of that fine race of gentleman of the heart, and gentlemen of the mind, standing for old Moldavia. He was a prince not only through his birthright and his blood, but more than everything though his natural intelligence, through his acquiring of a solid culture, through the charms of his great loving heart". The funeral oration was delivered by Macedonski.
2126:, Sturdza was behaving insincerely, since he was viewing himself as a likely replacement for Cuza. In April 1863, this was also noted by KogÄlniceanu, who was at the time serving as head of the national cabinet. He spoke about Sturdza as a man of genius, and implied that for this very reason his attempt to gain the throne needed to be resistedâthe implication was that the
2949:
prime minister ." In
November 1887, rumors began surfacing that Sturdza was offered chairmanship of the PNL's IaČi section. In the following decade, however, the BZD sought to reaffirm its independence. In the by-elections of May 1895, held for the 2nd-College seat in IaČi, it scored a surprise win for its candidate, Nicu Catargiu. According to the left-wing newspaper
1614:
Sturdza himself was having "very spirited altercations" with Omar Pasha, and once prepared for a military standoff by having his own tent converted into an arsenal. This resulted in his replacement with Sefer Pasha. Sturdza was then reassigned to a section of the Danube army, under Halim Pasha. In early 1855, he was moved to the main front, seeing action
3370:, and obtained a release on bail in exchange for presenting it. The case was ultimately closed when this document was deemed a forgery. Through Olga Boga and her husband Henri Meitani, Sturdza had a great-granddaughter; in March 1935, she committed suicide, or was murdered by her father, upon the revelation that she had fallen pregnant outside marriage.
2275:. In August 1865, at a time of mounting discontent, representatives of this regime allegedly raided Sturdza's home in Perieni, "but without success." Cuza's reign was finally brought to an end by the "monstrous coalition" counter-coup of February 1866. Over the following months of unrest, Romania (as the Principalities were now formally known) selected
2608:." On December 1, Sturdza created a publicized row in the Senate by refusing to endorse Ion BrÄtianu's PNL premiership, and in particular BrÄtianu's address on the state of the nation. In his response, he outlined the "conservative program" as a political alternative, and discussed instances of voter suppression. Responses to this message were mixed:
2493:, and that many inductees quit upon realizing that they were being used. Overall, only a minority of the club's members could be counted as property owners. Mostly used for dance parties, it became "only from time to time, and for a few days on end, a political and conservative club." Another one of Sturdza's leading passions was in constructing
2010:". At this stage, Sturdza veered back into conservatism, instigating a veto against electoral reform. As he put in his opinion, voiced on June 2, 1859, any change in the suffrage would authorize government to dissolve the Moldavian and Wallachian assemblies and hold early elections. The same month, Sturdza and another Commission member,
2648:, previously noted for his anti-Russian stances; other associates were lawyer Petre BorČ and journalist Milone Lugomirescu. During the National-Democratic episode, Sturdza paid for a state-modeled personal bureaucracy, which included hiring a retired police captain, Gheorghe "PÄpuČicÄ" Florescu, to run a private information service.
2508:. During one such outing, Sturdza sought to impress local peasants by pummeling a rock into small piecesâhis performance was not appreciated by the monarch, who found it to be in bad taste. Carol was again in IaČi in October 1875, with Sturdza as his host. Tensions between the various "White" factions became evident during the
2811:. In an 1882 piece, he declared his admiration for Sturdza's "so very clear, so very beautiful" Romanian oratory, stripped of neologisms and verbosity. Eminescu mused that the effect of using "good, direct, informal Romanian", or what he termed the "old language", was like introducing pagans to Christian music by
1892:
continued over his eligibility as a Prince, prompting deputies to thoroughly review the conditions set in Paris. A majority of 35 deputies, including those loyal to his father, voted not to admit him into the race. Other delegates, in particular those of the clergy, abstained from voting once they realized the
1156:), taking the name of "Diana". Her baptism and wedding were reported to the Moldavian Metropolis, which proceeded to nullify the latter act, effective on May 9, and informed the Price of his son's doings. The national scandal which erupted turned international, once it became apparent that Countess Dash was a
1094:, who was 18 years his senior and married. One version of the story is that young Sturdza obtained from her a pledge that she would marry him and follow him to Moldavia. Other accounts claim that his father was informed of his matrimonial intentions, and recalled him to IaČi before a wedding could take place.
2876:", Cantacuzène noted that "customs and decency did not exist for this Sturdza prince". A widower after June 1867, Sturdza was reportedly married to another woman for some 6 months in 1874âthis resulted in the birth of a son whom he did not recognize as first, and who took the name of Dimitrie Pavelescu. The
2399:. In February, the anti-"Red" government coalition, headed by Golescu-Negru, reportedly considered reappointing him Prefect of IaČi. The troubled year 1871 signaled Sturdza's political rise as the leader of an arch-conservative caucus. The defeat of conspiratorial "Reds" following incidents known as the "
1523:, displaying "rather insane courage" as a mounted sniper, who took aim at enemy officers while fired upon by the Russian artillery. He also ignored his superiors' orders and, in August 1854, made a trip to Russian-abandoned Bucharest, where he found his wife's home "almost spared of bullets and robbers."
923:. In addition to the regular schedule, they were given lessons in legal history, and applied their new-found knowledge to the study of Moldavian law. Grigore earned top marks for his academic interests, but also for his courageous and passionate character; he and Dimitrie graduated together, enlisting at
3362:). The legal battle over Mihail Sturdza's inheritance was still ongoing in 1903, by then involving only siblings Dimitrie and Maria. Similar litigation surrounded Grigore's own estate, which had been much reduced by expenses in the other trial. Journalist Alexandru Sc. Miclescu, who was serving time in
1003:: "He excels in all manner of exercises and displays outstanding physical force. This strength shows up in everything he undertakes." Various accounts make note of his unusual exercise routine, which included transporting a calf on his shouldersâwhich gave rise to his affectionate or derisive moniker,
2090:
As early as 1861, Sturdza had declared his astonishment that Cuza never selected
Wallachia and Moldavia's still-separate cabinets from the respective majorities, noting that this habit prevented Romania from joining the ranks of "constitutional states". He preserved his oppositionist stance following
2066:
against KogÄlniceanu's administration, arguing that the accusations of corruption brought up against the head of government were unfounded. Sturdza's flirtation with liberalism ended when it came to land reformâas the "landowners' main champion", from May 1862 he was an outspoken opponent of attempts
1725:
in IaČi, which, by 1857, was secretly debating candidacies for the
Moldavian throne. Grigore Sturdza's support by the great boyar families was seen as an obstacle by the Nationals, who regarded him as a "Phanariote"; while the group was adamant that they would never support Sturdza, they remained for
1053:
for the
Russian Consulate in IaČi, describes Dimitrie as a "gentle and harmless young fella" who dedicated himself to training horses. By contrast, Grigore was a man of "boundless pride", who "inspired fear on all people, including to his authoritarian father". This judgement was partly replicated by
810:
as the reigning Prince of
Moldavia, putting an end to a century of Phanariote reigns. Unusually, he met most opposition from the "seven pillars of Moldavia, all of them great boyars"âa group which included GrigoraČcu Sturdza. In February 1823, GrigoraČcu and Maria's son Mihail was the first Moldavian
1891:
At that final stage, Radu
Rosetti reports, Mihail was conceding defeat and tried to transfer Grigore his votes. While he was simply defeated, Grigore found himself removed from the list of candidates, his status as an Ottoman serviceman being widely seen as incompatible with princely status. Debates
1843:
was an objectively better and more moderate candidate, who could also serve as
Wallachian Prince. He also argued that Mihail Sturdza was a "separatist", tainted by his association with Vogoride. Officially, Sturdza Jr rallied to the nationalist platform of union, declaring that he himself would only
1416:
Overall, Prince Mihail sought to maintain a political course that would allow reform without resulting in a
Russian punitive invasion. He was himself expelled from the country due to a Russian veto, which some, including Stokera, believed was possibly prompted by Grigore's "bad behavior". In 1849 he
3338:
magazine put it, " death was much like his life: he died with a light conscience, effortlessly, at peace." The Bucharest funeral of "Romania's greatest-ever philanthropist" involved "the entire capital city, with everyone wishing to display their mourning." Memoirist Rudolf ČuČu additionally notes:
3253:
and its overall uselessness, its "immense rooms" only meant to be used for racing "a bicycle had invented", and for various acrobatics. He "barely lived inside the place, after having spent on it more than he could handle." According to Radu Rosetti, the Palace is also a testament to its sponsor's
3153:
Sturdza also continued to work in designing flying machines with "cardboard wings" which he infamously tested by peasants living on his estates, who suffered broken limbs as a result. An "airplane of his own design" was assigned to be driven by "one poor Gypsy, who got killed on his first attempt".
2880:
finally married Ralu TurculeČ, who was reportedly a Romani woman who shocked aristocratic sensibilities with her "garish clothes and makeup". Olga had given birth to three children, all of whom died very young. A son, Dimitrie, was born in May 1856; he died before turning 16, from what was reported
1994:
only escaped imprisonment because, at that early stage, Cuza was unwilling to strike at the "great boyardom". Cuza scholar Dumitru IvÄnescu suggests that Sturdza was rendered "harmless" by Wierzbicki's arrest; the regime had no interest in finding him guilty, since such a verdict would have created
1875:
Grigore!" The Nationals now had 32 deputies, while the Sturdzas, by then, had 16 each; during the actual voting procedure, which took place at Grecianu, Cuza took an additional 16 votes from both his adversaries. Overall, Cuza's victory could happen "only because of the persistent conflicts between
1646:
The Russians withdrew from Moldavia in 1854, leaving the Austrians to administer both Principalities as a buffer zone. The following year, an Austrian spy known as "Flavius" expressed concern about the growth of support for Sturdza in Wallachia, and claimed that he was being prepped to take over as
1341:
As noted by genealogist Mihai Dim. Sturdza, it remains an issue of contention among his colleagues whether Sturdza was ever legally married to Countess Dash. Sturdza's second marriage, reportedly arranged by his father, was to the Wallachian Olga Ghica. By most accounts, she was the daughter of the
2465:
in the summer of 1871. Hasdeu claimed that the concurrent election was overall rigged, since aristocrats such as Sturdza and Maiorescu had been elected by peasant voters in the 4th College; conservative groups also celebrated his personal contribution in ensuring success for "official candidates",
2948:
would be tried in ordinary courtsâa polemic ensued between them and C. A. Rosetti, who supported complete freedom of speech. During the final days of 1885, "a political rally was held in prince Gr. Sturdza's salon at IaČi", which confirmed that he and his followers "adhered to the policies of the
2303:
of IaČi County. To the "Reds", he was primarily known as an abuser of the office. In May, this job confronted Sturdza with the IaČi separatist riots, which doubled as outbreaks of antisemitic violence; restoring order by military force, he issued a proclamation extending his personal guarantee of
2212:
circles. In May 1864, Ioan Dabija claimed to speak for the Bessarabian Romanians as loyal subjects of the Russian Emperor. He rejected reunification with the Principalities, on the grounds that Romanian politicians were incompetent and evil. The few exceptions, Dabija argued, were "good patriots"
2040:
The Commission proceedings also witnessed Sturdza's advocacy for calling in a "foreign prince" to rule over the Principalities. He veered to the right more than other members: in his legal reading, Cuza was only legitimate "for as long as Europe will not send us a foreign prince"âa phrasing which
1947:
notes Sturdza's resentments, and also alleges that he was pondering an open rebellion. According to Churchill, the troops Sturdza had pledged for Cuza's seizure of Bucharest were in fact mutinous and self-interested; they would have included Poles who viewed the Principalities as a stepping stone
1938:
Various other sources suggest the existence of a Sturdzist plot against Cuza. Definitive information suggests that he could rely on some 1,200 Poles, answering to Nieczuia Wierzbicki, were gathered on Sturdza's estates, with 6,000 more expected to join in from Wallachia and elsewhere. The Russian
1908:
Immediately after the election, Sturdza Jr and Panu reemerged as Cuza supporters. The former raised the idea of a Cuza candidacy in Bucharest "before anything official had been stated on this issue". Both he and Panu wrote articles hinting that Cuza should invade Wallachia and seize the throne in
1175:
replied for her, telling Duclos: "It astonishes me so very much, Sir, that Mr Guizot should take such an interest in my love life. He would be well advised to handle his own ministry, which he has been handling very poorly." Presented with another scenario, namely that his brother's militia could
1819:
and Grigore BalČ, and which took up the "conservative" label as a self-designation. As recounted by Hurmuzachi, this coalition was formed only after Muklis' intense networking, which also saw him reconnecting with Ionescu de la Brad, who was by then a socialist. Hurmuzachi insisted that they had
3089:
had fitted with massively oversized furniture. The building, he notes, was "in a state of ruin". According to Cantacuzène, Sturdza "lived in the only wing that was still holding together", a state of decay that was also noticeable in his retinue: Sturdza had "a dilapidated carriage, driven by a
2178:
on the throne in IaČi. MiĹkowski dismissed the offer, later clarifying that he wanted no part in "dissolving the unity of Romania". The Panu group publicized a program which incorporated most of the "Red" agenda, endorsing decentralization, press freedoms, and an extension of voting rights with
1989:
had managed to escape. During those same days, Alecsandri wrote that the attempted coup was "much more reduced than we were told"; however, as leader of the repression, Moldavian Colonel Fote made a conscious attempt not to inform the public about the scale of the conspiracy. In September 1859,
1977:
coexisted in symbiosis, "such an action that would go against the true interests of the Polish people would in any case be unexpected." As he argues, the Polish groups supporting Sturdza were at most representatives of the Polish monarchist movement, and, in their relations with him, primarily
1952:. Rumors of such intrigues resulted in a temporary clampdown on Polish revolutionary cells in Moldavia: 23 Poles were arrested and 11 convicted during a trial which saw Sturdza appearing as a witness. An English Masonic agent, William Solioms, was also detained in connection with this intrigue.
2488:
s established in IaČi a "Landlords' Club", which was probably co-founded by Epureanu. Its creation was received with alarm by Ionescu de la Brad, who noted that Sturdza was mostly interested in using a nominal association of agricultural interests for his political scheming. Rumors rendered by
1955:
The Moldavian press published reports according to which Wierzbicki was tasked with a sweeping social reform, as well as with the mass assassination of Moldavia's political elite, in order to set the stage for Sturdza as "prince of Romania". Sturdza himself rejected the rumor in an open letter
1613:
was forced to resign soon after, for unknown reasonsâCzajkowski's correspondence suggests that he was under investigation for unknown reasons: "I was summoned to give in writing where I got to know , who I recommended him to, how he behaved, how he was treated and everything I know about him."
1098:
Grigore returned to Moldavia in 1844. During March of the next year, his father appointed him as junior caretaker of the Moldavian schools, assigning him the task of supervising education reform and prevent egalitarian ideas from seeping in; Grigore never showed up to be sworn in. At the time,
3261:
s final years. In January 1895, Sturdza forced his adoptive son, also named Grigore, to marry Maria Feodosiev-Cantacuzino. In love with Gizela Boga, the daughter of a shoemaker, he killed his lover, then committed suicide, some three weeks into his marriage. Their daughter, known as Olga Boga
2422:
Speaking for the "Political Committee of Conservative Liberals", Sturdza publicized this "IaČi Petition", which caused anger in liberal circles, and concern among some of the conservative "Whites", with its demandsâincluding not just a reduction of voting power for the lower classes, but also
2032:
effectively rendered into legal jargon the boyar program: "the party of the past simply did not want to extend voting rights so as to preserve its control on stately affairs". Sturdza was noted for refusing to congratulate Cuza on his birthday, as well as for rejecting any suggestion that the
1934:
claimed that young Sturdza being furious of his father's interference, which had prevented him from swinging the "old boyar" vote. He reports that the former Pasha intended to use his Ottoman connections to prevent Cuza from ever gaining international recognition, and also that he was arming
1105:(commander general) of the princely militia. As reported by Girs, Prince Mihail allowed his other son a "ministry of his choice", but Grigore left immediately, "dissatisfied with the stipend that his father would allow him." Instead, he "decided to get rich quick" by combining investments in
2501:. A friend of his, a gymnastics professor known as Spinzi, attempted to pilot it from a tower in CristeČti, but the launch ended in failure. This remains one of the earliest documented fixed-wing flight attempts by a Romanian, between those of Constantin Nestor (1765) and Ion Stoica (1884).
2356:'s scuffle with two Wallachian officers, Sturdza signed his name to protests addressed to Carol. Although reaffirming their loyalism, Sturdza and the other signatories demanded that Boldur-LÄČescu be tried by an independent court in FocČani. Sturdza also served for a while as Chief of the
1338:, manned by Sardinians. He then worked with specialized retailers from the Pedemonte House, but failed to honor his obligations, and was taken to court. The incident became an international scandal after Moldavian courts ruled that Sturdza was owed reparations and legal fees by Pedemonte.
2708:
In December 1880, Ion Pietraru made an unsuccessful attempt on BrÄtianu's life, which police presumed to be part of a wider conspiracy implicating Sturdza and Russiaâseveral party members, including Grandea, were arrested, though Sturdza vouched for their innocence. Shortly after,
1534:, which were then sold at auction. In his later career, Sturdza lamented the Principalities' failure to involved themselves on the anti-Russian side, arguing that they missed out on an opportunity that was seized upon by Sardinia. He viewed the conflict as essential in effecting
3326:", an illness which had consumed him for some 11 days. Aware that the disease was fatal, and "so very proud of his own anatomy", "he asked his physician to perform an autopsy on his cadaver"; reportedly, his final activity was selecting a spot for one of his decorative statues.
3269:
Grigore Jr's suicide pushed Sturdza to recognize his other sons by various women, including Lieutenant Dimitrie Pavelescu, who became Pavelescu-Sturdza. This new arrival to the family made national news in August 1896, when he was listed as a victim of the AvramescuâWeintraub
3346:. The other living heirs were Pavelescu-Sturdza, as well as two other adoptive sons (Dimitrie Popovici-Sturdza, Captain CosticÄ ČtefÄnescu-Sturdza), and granddaughter Olga. These and other relatives inherited his wealth, in accordance with his will, dated September 1895; the
3236:
Sturdza's fortune grew to immense proportions after lawyer I. C. Barozzi, working on his behalf, discovered that Prince Mihail had hidden some 45 million lei in bullion on his various estates; Grigore was owed a third of this wealth. At some point between 1893 and 1899, the
2348:
s response to CreČulescu, who had threatened to break up the regionalist rally by force. In it, Sturdza informed the "Reds" that liberal "anarchy" would be swept away by the "great party of Order and Stability"; he also called for a protest gathering to be held in August.
1317:
At the time, Sturdza also became interested in projects of sea and river commercial navigation. At some point in the 1840s, he helped document the history of shipping by procuring an engraving showing 15th-century Moldavian sailboats, which survived in a reproduction by
1929:
in both capitals. "Muklis" went on public record with his praise of the union as "something worthy of Romania's most glorious times", asking that both Divans meet for a common session in FocČani. More secretly, he began to organize for resistance. The National Party's
2460:
newspaper referred to Sturdza and his colleagues as "boyars, parvenus of the regime, and scoundrels" who had unmasked their reactionary agenda), the Petition was in fact ignored by Catargiu. Sturdza still tried to win over the public with his demands, touring all of
1939:
consul in Moldavia, Sergei Popov, noted that some partisans of "Grigore Mukhlis" had already been found in Bucharest, where they worked to undermine the possibility of a double election. Sturdza's coded letter to Czajkowski suggests that he wanted to appoint himself
1871:, who "issued threats, gun in hand, in the doorway of the debating room, should Cuza's candidacy be rejected. Had it not been for him and his pistol, for his presence at the very entrance of that room, we would have seen the election carried by Mihai-Voivode or by
615:, also taking up the cause of regionalism; he stirred national controversy by circulating an extreme conservative manifesto known as "Petition of IaČi". His views on international politics eventually brought him into a dispute with the moderate conservatives at
1972:
and set it up as a "good base of training Polish insurgents", with Ottoman acquiescence. This would have made the area "an uncomfortable neighbour for the Romanian state". Some details are disputed by historian Panaitescu, who proposes that, since Romanian and
2979:. Sturdza and his BZD partisans presented themselves on the PNL list for the Assembly, which effectively ended their prospects of ever returning into the Conservative fold. With 171 votes, he was the third winner on the PNL list for IaČi's 1st College, behind
1810:
enjoyed discreet backing by the French Consulate in IaČi. More senior affiliates included C. Sion, who was primarily noted for his anti-union writings, supporting "the rights of Moldavia as a state in its own right." Additional backing came from the newspaper
2200:, demanding to know why he, as leader of the "Reds", could not prevent the hostile alliance between the urban masses and the armed peasants. During February, however, Sturdza acquiesced to Cuza's projected land reform, offering to contribute money for the
3396:. The Romanian Sturdzas, meanwhile, ran into financial difficulty with the upkeep of Sturdza Palaces. The one in Bucharest was overwhelmed by the homeless, and ultimately sold to the Romanian state in 1904, through the intercession of Conservative writer
1409:". In May, Alecsandri also referred to Grigore in a revolutionary manifesto, describing the "tyrannical tortures" of peasants on his leased estates. Alecsandri also claimed that Sturdza's Arnauts had ransacked boyar homes, stolen precious clocks owned by
1782:. In September 1858, while presenting his resignation from the Ottoman army, he addressed Napoleon a letter which expressed commitment to unifying the Principalities into a French-allied polity; he also co-ordinated his efforts with Wallachia's outgoing
3015:
was attempting to rejoin the opposition, since the other Sturdza would not honor his promise. He still had his own thoughts on European affairs, and in December 1896 insisted that "Romania should find support in Russia". This remark was disputed by
2759:." Four days later Schuyler reported that: "The step has been accepted, if not thoroughly approved, by the members of the foreign reigning families, some of whom took part in the act." As an example, he cited Mihail Sturdza being welcomed into the
656:. He was also absorbed and financially exhausted by a long trial involving his family inheritance. Known for his sexual promiscuity and his fathering of illegitimate children, he left a diminished estate that was itself disputed among his progeny.
908:, who was indignant that his subordinate's sons were being educated in liberal France, and pondered having Sturdza dethroned. Another factor which made stay in France unlikely was an illegal duel, in which Grigore wounded his colleague Lippmann.
1389:" ("You are quite magnificent and not at all expensive!"). The same is noted by diplomat N. B. Cantacuzène (son of the revolutionary figure Vasile Canta). He writes that "GrÊgoire Sturdza, son of the Prince" masterminded the ambush of Colonel
2196:'s "peasant militia" to deploy in the city's streets. Reportedly, this caused both Sturdza and Čtirbei to end their conspiracy and leave the country. "Before they left for Paris," they reportedly sent a letter to Cuza's left-wing adversary,
1880:
Grigore were absolutely irreducible, no promise and no enticement could ever get them to vote for Mihai Voivode." Cuza himself was guided by a sense of justice, and, against National Party deputies (including Epureanu), openly defended the
998:
Grigore was already unusually tall, a trait that he inherited from his Rosetti mother, and had been born with "outstanding muscular strength". An 1838 letter by Prince Sturdza's secretary, Charles Tissot, notes that Grigore was becoming a
3278:
sued the Lieutenant to have the adoption canceled. The first such ever case to be heard by a Romanian court, it prompted Pavelescu's creditors to bring up proof of his paternity. Another adoptive son, Mihai, married Valeria, daughter of
1191:
barricaded himself inside the princely compound, where he expected to withstand the siege alongside a group of trusted Arnauts. Lacking provisions and deserted by his servants, he rode out of Perieni "on his wildest steed", armed with a
1733:
Arriving into the country dressed as a Pasha, Sturdza Jr presented himself as an alternative to both his father's "retrograde party" and the "ultra-radical democracy" of National activists. His political reference, by that moment, was
2053:
Unlike other Moldavian delegates on the commission, Sturdza fully supported establishing the national capital in Bucharest; as he put it, IaČi lacked was both insufficiently bourgeois and insufficiently Romanian. He then stood in the
1573:("The Little Pasha"). Reportedly, he tried to intrude in revolutionary affairs, warning Magheru that Ion Ghica was a Russian spy. Also exiled for his participation in the Moldavian attempt, Ionescu de la Brad informed Ghica that the
2290:
As noted by Radu Rosetti, some of the boyardom dreamed of restoring independence, "but they were mostly old men, with no energy left for accomplishing dreams of youth. The only one who still had the required energy and willpower,
2527:, and instead ran for the 4th College at FÄlciu. As noted by Stan, the subsequent conflict between Carp and Sturdza prevented the "Whites" from forming a unified caucus that would compete with the PNL. In February 1876, ahead of
1208:
had simply grown tired of the Countess, and had her sign a "convention" ending the marriage; in both his and G. Sion's version, the conflict ends with Grigore asking for the Prince's forgiveness. Yet another account is that the
1085:
Sturdza abandoned his studies in Berlin in February 1843, without getting his diploma. With Russian acquiescence, he finally moved to Paris later that year, and was tasked with continuing his legal studies. Upon relocation, the
900:: "youth from good families to learn French, the language of diplomacy, and receive a good instruction, were carefully kept out of any contact with the liberal or revolutionary spirit." The news was finally communicated to the
1758:
retrospectively noted: "Mouhlis-Pacha (Prince GrĂŠgoire Stourdza), one of the more fidgety candidates, who thought that he had quite a few chances, has lost them all following the arrival of his father". A retrospective note in
2625:. Sturdza refused to join the movement, upset that the party leadership went to Epureanu; he was also opposed to the mainstream chapters in that he had become a Russophile, wishing for Romania to be brought into the orbit of
974:
spent three more years in Berlin. Biographers speculate that he probably attended a Prussian military school, though it remains more clearly attested that Grigore was being privately tutored by an artillery officer of the
848:'s daughter, Smaranda. From this marriage, Grigore had two stepbrothers, both named Mihailâthe first one died in 1846, the second one, born in 1848, only survived to 1863; a stepsister, Maria (1848â1905), went on to marry
7116:
6123:
1176:
storm into Perieni and arrest him, Grigore announced that he and "my sharecroppers" would fight to their deaths. He continued to defy his father by taking hold of the estate revenues of Perieni and NeamČ Monastery.
2755:, wrote on March 26 that there was a chance of Sturdza returning to his "posing as a pretender to the crown. While many families thought their members had rights to be princes, no one can have the pretention to be
2543:
was Chairman of the Moldavian Conservative-Liberal Party, while his LunĂŠville colleague presided upon a Moderate Liberal Party. The two groups formed an alliance for the local elections at IaČi, in November 1878.
1663:, was much displeased with his arrival, noting that he was being quarrelsome and created additional hurdles in settling the border disputes. In his diplomatic capacity, Sturdza protested against the evacuation of
1435:
over large estates in Moldavia, he relied on the Jewish entrepreneur Mochi Fischer to handle his affairs, a matter which contributed to peasant strife over the next 60 years. Grigore's own lease on the village of
3201:, "it did not turn out to be the revolutionary novelty they had hoped for. Instead of being larger and powerful, the tone was nasal and blurry." Sturdza was a major art sponsor in his capacity as chairman of the
1031:
exercises, and that he would often perform them in the semi-nude. Writer George Costescu similarly notes that, in maturity, Grigore Sturdza was an avid and tireless swimmer, especially fond of the waters outside
651:
was by then dedicated mostly to his non-political work, including attempts to establish his profile as a composer, philosopher, inventor, and art sponsor; his last activities included raising a Sturdza Palace in
2885:. The couple also had two daughters, Elena and Olga. The latter, noted for her unusual physical strength, had married Emanuel Vogoridi in January 1876. She became fatally ill with pneumonia after bathing in the
2539:, also breaking with Catargiu to present himself as an independent candidate in IaČi's 2nd College. By 1878, both Sturdza and KogÄlniceanu had set up independent groups that competed for the Moldavian vote. The
2407:. On April 18, Sturdza helped organize the conservative caucus in IaČi, which met at his home; it included "about a hundred people", with his former enemy Epureanu as their leader. Addressing the gathering, the
2659:, braving crowds of opponents gathered outside that building. There as well as in the Senate, Sturdza outlined the National-Democratic platform, which included devolution to Local Assemblies and a plan for the
2930:
and interest, which he found unsatisfactory. An appellate court in IaČi eventually ruled that his dispossession had been an act of war, and therefore that he could only be compensated by a parliamentary vote.
1213:
had been made aware that the Countess was having an affair with her cousin, the Count Tanneberg, and that he personally escorted both of them to Switzerland in November 1845. A notice originally published in
2595:
During the late months of 1879, Sturdza and his followers were at the center of a renewed controversy over Moldavian separatism and Russian influence. In October, a Russian diplomatic report referred to the
2161:
had a part to play in the affair. The rumor was partly validated by Gorchakov, who spoke of Sturdza as leading a "common action of the Polish and Romanian revolutionaries." During November 1863, Sturdza and
1148:, who was a personal witness to the events, he held the Perieni priest at gunpoint, forcing him to perform a ceremony in his father's absence, and without his approval. Dash had been formally baptized into
1742:; he promised unification with Wallachia, but only within the very loose norms stipulated under the Treaty of Paris. In April 1858, "Muklis" finally announced his candidacy for the Moldavian throne in the
1294:, but actually shot and killed one of them for oversalting his soup. Sion describes the young Sturdza, "that famous thief", as "heartless, cruel, unmerciful, and so very wolfish". As Ionescu reported, the
3126:(1891). Though described by scholar Barbu Berceanu as "perhaps the only systematic encyclopedic work with just one author, a Romanian", it was allegedly ghostwritten in part by a professional astronomer,
6079:
Der mazedonische Knoten Die Identität der Mazedonier dargestellt am Beispiel des Balkanbundes 1878â1914. Eine Dokumentation zur Vorgeschichte der Republik Mazedonien nach Aktenlage des Auswärtigen Amtes
3393:
1448:, who acted as his proxies, pushed locals into debt servitude. Immediately after his father's ouster, the peasants stopped making payments and issued formal complains. The matter was investigated by
3249:, for services performed in the family trial. Sturdza also commissioned a German architect, Julius Reinecke, to construct the Sturdza Palace of Bucharest. This building was infamous for its extreme
1990:
Sturdza was released with no charges being pressedâIaČi's Criminal Court dismissed the interrogation of Polish suspects as only producing hearsay about Sturdza himself. According to Panaitescu, the
2287:
press had it that "prince Gregoriu Sturza, under the condition of a foreign prince, has renounced his candidacy, but under other circumstances he will use any means to see himself on the throne."
570:; this never materialized, though Sturdza served on the commission which awarded that region back to Moldavia, upon the end of the war. Grigore and Mihail Sturdza competed with each other for the
2896:
The family patriarch Mihail Sturdza died in his Parisian exile on May 7 or 8, 1884. This resulted in a legal battle between Grigore Sturdza, Dimitrie Sturdza, and Maria Gorchakov. As reported by
2819:
2058:, representing the right-wing opposition to Cuza's egalitarian policies. As noted by Xenopol, he was the "most progressive" right-winger, endorsing public schooling, mass recruitment, and the
2560:. In order to obtain recognition for its separation from the Ottoman realm, Romania had to consider emancipating its non-Orthodox residents; and enduring controversy focused on the extent of
1985:
published a letter from Bucharest, which claimed that Sturdza, whose designs for a coup resembled "mental alienation", was being held under watch by the authorities; it also alleged that the
3154:
In 1891, he was still passionate about flying, and theorized about the coming age of motorized aircraft. Sturdza's theories and experiments extended to the opera, seeing him as a critic of
985:. This was meant to serve them in their mission of modernizing Moldavia's courts. In 1838, they had been advanced to Lieutenants in the militia and had acquired junior position on Mihail's
849:
779:, claims that the marriage was forced, noting that Mihail was "ugly-faced, ruddy-haired, short in stature, bowlegged surly". Through SÄftica and through his paternal grandmother Maria (a
3354:, but the gift was rejected by his grandfather, Carol I. Not included in this arrangement was another illegitimate son, the artisan Gheorghe Boboc, who sculpted his father's mausoleum at
2368:, when he introduced a formal motion to have Rosetti sent to a mental hospital. During April, Sturdza presided a delegation which welcomed Carol as he visited IaČi; on the occasion, the
1916:
1828:
1820:
disagreements, especially after Sturdza had voiced his nostalgia for the Phanariotes and had issued only a mild critique of Vogoride; "we avoided discussing union a foreign prince."
1743:
571:
8282:
2006:. Sturdza then served on the Principalities' Central Judicial Commission, based at FocČani, whereby he introduced legislation which contained the first-ever Romanian references to "
1393:
and other regime critics inside IaČi's Casimir House. Other reports suggest that Grigore ordered his troops to shoot all prisoners, but that his order was vetoed by his brother the
2972:
2528:
2509:
2404:
2365:
2830:, and "toasted to its accomplishment with one of our great dignitaries of State." In his November 1888 speech before the Senate, he declared that the merger of Conservative and
892:. This path mirrored Mihail's own schooling and, in addition, was selected in order to prevent Grigore and Dimitrie from being educated in Russia. It was also designed to avoid
7716:
2062:, as well as an increased salary for the Moldavian Prime Minister, who was by then his nominal rival KogÄlniceanu. In January 1861, he objected as other conservatives passed a
1855:
absented. As Hurmuzachi recounts, the "democrats" within the National Party, who would only back a non-boyar, were frustrated in their attempt, and threatened to vote for the
7828:
2361:
8147:
3127:
1381:, but, as recounted by Radu Rosetti, Grigore, being "more energetic and competent", personally supervised the revolutionaries' arrest and mistreatment. Dressed as a Russian
2087:
techniques that more than doubled the expected output. He continued to live as an aristocratâin 1861, he dueled with, and killed, Costin Vârnav over a dance-floor scuffle.
2725:
notes: "It is a well known fact that most of Prince Grigore Sturza's confidants were bought off by government. This is what made this party, which existed only because of
2504:
Sturdza had by then renounced his claim to the Romanian throne. As recalled by Radu Rosetti, Sturdza spoke very favorably of Carol, and spent time vacationing with him in
7108:
3307:
3090:
coachman in a threadbare livery that was too long and too wide for him". Political writer Mariu Theodorian-Carada recalls a chance meeting with Sturdza at Hotel Carol in
3190:
2315:, where he signed up to a platform which called for the establishment of a regional Moldavian caucus that would defy "Red" centralism. The document was also backed by
7476:
2520:
was co-opted by Catargiu to strengthen "White" chapters in Moldavia; however, Sturdza agreed not to run in the 3rd College at IaČi, leaving it to be contested by the
3291:, born 1874, may have unofficially been the child of Sturdza and Maria Stamatiu, who was then forced to marry the administrator of Sturdza's manor in CristeČti. The
2823:
7437:
6752:
2826:. Upon confirmation, he embodied the right-wing opposition to Conservative governments. Allegedly, by 1887 he had joined the group of politicians who supported the
2722:
2655:. Ion Ghica noted that the display, attended by Florescu and his men, was overall weak, as was Sturdza's speech. On June 2, National-Democrats held congress at the
2477:
As a personal friend of Catargiu's, Sturdza was depicted by "IaČi's newspapers" as a "most energetic pillar of the party of order and stability on that side of the
1485:
Grigore had focused on his military career, and held a general's rank in the Moldavian militia. Building on his personal friendship with ReĹid Pasha at the peak of
7802:
Adina Lucaci-DÄscÄliČÄ, "InsurecČia polonÄ din 1863 Či relaČiile anglo-române", in Henryk Walczak, Stanislava Iachimovschi, ElĹźbieta Wieruszewska-Calistru (eds.),
3427:" (Romanian for both "ox" and "cretin"). The family palace in IaČi survived its historical era, serving first as an Orthodox seminary and then as head offices for
2701:
argued that the National-Democrats stood for "all that is old and extremely old", "reemerging now, after a 50-year rest in the realm of oblivion" as advocates of "
1410:
825:. In April 1834, Mihail was selected for the Moldavian throne, beginning a reign which lasted to June 1849; during that interval, Grigore was to be referred to as
4621:
Nicolae Isar, "Generalul Gheorghe Magheru Či proiectele revoluČionare din exil. Trei scrisori ale lui Alexandru Christofi adresate lui Christian Tell (1854)", in
7760:
6555:
4695:
2670:
s followers was their opposition to electoral reformsâSturdza argued that the suffrage was already extensive, and that further enfranchisement would result in a
1606:
751:, which remained in use in Moldavia and Romania throughout his life, and which corresponds to May 23. It also explains that the Bessarabian locality was in fact
1196:, a sword, and four pistols. The Uhlans never chased after him, focusing instead on disarming the Arnauts; they also arrested Countess Dash and escorted her to
8272:
2337:
1543:
4167:
1605:. Czajkowski hoped that the war would continue in Bessarabia, and viewed the Moldavian Sturdza as an asset in that scenario, recommending him to serve on the
1216:
8157:
8142:
4772:
2449:
doyen, and "greatly enjoyed" Negruzzi's work in political satire. Sturdza however insisted that the Petition be signed by all right-wingers in the Assembly;
1863:, who locked the door from the outside, and forced those inside to agree on a single candidate, namely the 1848 revolutionary Cuza. As detailed by historian
1160:
under French law. The French consul, François Duclos, stepped in to persuade the couple that the marriage was not legal, but found himself confronted by the
5736:
1667:
and their property from Bessarabian localities. He also boasted, to an incredulous audience, that he had personally obtained more territory for Moldavia in
7698:
1998:
Official records for that same interval point to Sturdza as a Cuza loyalist: during JanuaryâApril 1859, he rallied with the Divan deputies who voted for a
5035:
2604:
rate Sturdza's speeches of 1879 as "propaganda for a RussianâRomanian rapprochement", arguing that he "still craved to obtain the crown with support from
1242:, had to undergo specialized treatment for his venereal diseases. He had returned to his activities in agriculture, employing agronomist Alecu Kulici and
2752:
1441:
1366:
presented his sympathies for her loss, and encouraged her to keep writing as a remedy. She reflected on her relationship with Sturdza in her 1848 novel,
636:, forming his own group, the National-Democratic Party. This faction broke apart after its members were questioned regarding an assassination attempt on
7605:
BucureČtii Vechiului Regat. Cu numeroase reproduceri fotografice documentare Či douÄ planČe cu peste 200 de portrete caricaturale ale oamenilor timpului
2327:); other signatories included Grigore BalČ, Panait BalČ, Grigore Vârnav, and Colonel Pavlov. Their initiative was rejected by the "Red" Prime Minister,
1848:
as hypocritical: "In fact, he was going to cast a vote for himself and could only do so as a separatist candidate, who had no supporters in Wallachia."
8029:
4228:
4224:
2868:
Grigore and Olga Sturdza did not have a happy marriage. He never saw himself bound by matrimonial fidelity, and continued to keep, and brag about, his
2316:
2234:
1401:; KogÄlniceanu had also joined the revolutionary movement, but escaped into exile. He reportedly maintained an "overt and implacable dislike" for the
8242:
7804:
Wielowiekowe bogactwo polsko-rumuĹskichzwiÄ
zkĂłw historycznych i kulturowych / BogÄČia multisecularÄ a legÄturilor istorice Či culturale polono-române
7174:
6811:
6781:
6711:
6533:
6466:
6451:
4581:
4143:
3822:, p. 407; Costescu, pp. 327â328; Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 31; Ion, p. 295; Marino, p. 238; Rosetti (2017), p. 175; Scopp, p. 102; SlÄvescu (1942), p. 1347
3385:
2997:
2652:
2320:
1868:
1343:
799:
677:, were "long and intimately associated with the government first of Moldavia and afterwards of Rumania." Their origin, Gaster speculates, was in the
2283:. His predecessor's abdication created the terrain for active separatism, which was promoted by Russia's agents in Moldavia. An April report in the
1713:. In April 1857, at IaČi, Sturdza handed the final act on Moldavia's frontier to Vogoride. The waning of Russian influence now allowed room for the
1363:
8477:
8137:
2926:
was also fighting for the recovery of his lands, those that had been nationalized in 1854. In 1883, he had obtained a compensation of 500 thousand
1860:
2020:
was still a source of constitutional powerâthis interpretation was deemed manipulative even by other members of the conservative right, including
1767:
suggests that Sturdza Jr had left Moldavians with "too many irritating and upsetting memories". As part of his effort to persuade the public, the
1526:
During Sturdza's service under the Ottoman flag, Moldavia had come under Russian occupation. The country's Finance Ministry defined Sturdza as an
7961:
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, Transmitted to Congress with the Annual Message of the President, December 5, 1881
7860:
7820:
7635:
4223:, September 1987, pp. 10â11. See also Doru Botez, "Pânzarul moldovenesc, navÄ comercialÄ Či de luptÄ ĂŽn timpul lui Čtefan cel Mare Či Sfânt", in
2838:, and afterwards a non-representative one under General Manu. He also argued that Romania would be better off in an alliance with Russia and the
2208:, who may have acted as a liaison between anti-Cuza conservatives and Polish revolutionaries. Others however knew him as a partner in Moldavia's
1961:
1538:, and proposed that a more visible Romanian engagement could have similarly resulted in Moldo-Wallachian unification. Among the revolutionaries,
5661:, "Omul dela 2 Mai â Invinsul dela 11 Februarie. Preludiile cÄderii lui Cuza-VodÄ. Anexe documentare. I. Din Arhivele Statului, dela Viena", in
2984:
2157:, and Romanian regulars, who had orders to stop their advance into Russia. After MiĹkowski's subsequent arrest, Cuza's men speculated that the
7026:
3197:. This is probably the "violin-harp", built for Sturdza by Thomas Zach. It had "extra strings made of metal, for resonance". Exhibited at the
2995:
keeps pleading for reconciliation, since he is very much keen on maintaining his prevalence at IaČi." As reported by the opposition newspaper
2411:
outlined a plan for modifying the Constitution to solidify Carol's rule and ensure continuity. These ideas were also embraced by Epureanu and
1362:, the Wallachian capital city, on March 1, 1848. Sturdza's first wife was reportedly devastated by these developmentsâin a letter to her, the
685:
during the 17th century. Other sources indicate that the first known Sturdza actually lived in Moldavia during the mid-16th-century reigns of
503:(junior prince). A rebellious youth famous for his feats of strength, he set up his own private militia which he used to corner the Moldavian
8487:
3134:("Moral Order"), also outlined his philosophical inquiry about the "ideal religion". Overall, Sturdza's ideas on such topics were admired by
2201:
1125:. In early 1845, he was joined there by Gabrielle Anne, having informed his father that they were to be married; Mihail advised him to wait.
7571:
Jadwiga Chudzikowska, "Nieznane listy MichaĹa Czajkowskiego-Sadyka Paszy i Ludwiki Ĺniadeckiej w zbiorach Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach", in
2906:
in 1893, and again in 1897. An initial ruling by the court of GalaČi commanded Gorchakov to pay her stepbrother the equivalent of 5 million
8377:
2914:. As reported at the time: "The judgment financially ruins the princess." This was partly upheld in March 1898, when an appellate court in
2284:
838:
7578:
Veniamin Ciobanu, "Dobrogea otomanÄ Či Principatele Unite ĂŽn strategia politicÄ Či militarÄ a insurecČiei poloneze din ianuarie 1863", in
3085:
character; we, those who met him towards the end, never had that impression". He recalls his 1894 visit to the Lozonschi villa, which the
2600:
as the leader of a "Moldavian party", implying that he was interested in rekindling Moldavian secession. Historians Gheorghe N. CÄzan and
8292:
8277:
2622:
1943:
through bribery, for which he intended to open a credit line with Antoine AllĂŠon's bank. A January 1859 report by British Consul-General
1492:
1322:. By December 1847, Sturdza had become a supplier for the European grain trade, in lucrative relations with firms and employees from the
547:
370:
3475:
3287:; their own son, Grigore M. Sturdza, was noted as a modernist poet. Literary historian Elena VulcÄnescu argues that writer and academic
8267:
8132:
7964:
7938:
Claude Schopp, "Sous le manteau d'Alexandre Dumas, ou les douze noms de la comtesse Dash", in Ăngels Santa, M. Carme Figuerola (eds.),
3322:: January 12 or 13), 1901. This occurred in his palace on Bonaparte Street, Bucharest, with the ultimate cause of death registered as "
7055:
2637:, who stayed with Sturdza for a few months, serving as the party's Vice President before he eventually deserted to the Conservatives.
2584:, this suited Russia, which had Sturdza as its favorite candidate for the throne. The issue was settled in Romania's detriment by the
1179:
The Prince retaliated by ordering his military not to allow Grigore into IaČi, and Moldavian boyars to stay out of Perieni. Memoirist
8492:
8472:
8397:
8352:
8162:
4750:
Vitalie VÄratec, "Trasarea noului hotar ĂŽn Sudul Basarabiei la 1856â1857 Či lichidarea aČezÄrilor cÄzÄceČti din preajma DunÄrii", in
2252:("For as much as they're our clan, / I shun being ruled by strongmen: / If he lifts a calf for fun, / Let him rule among the oxen!")
1546:
similarly referred to Sturdza as a "bad memory", also suggesting that he had hampered his group's attempts at propaganda in Europe.
8467:
8457:
8302:
8172:
2612:, as the mainstream "White" newspaper, agreed with his core stances, but rejected his approach to foreign affairs; C. A. Rosetti's
2174:, had contacted MiĹkowski, prodding him to form a Polish Ottoman army that would depose Cuza and redivide the country, placing the
1011:
Calf"). Rumors rendered by Nerval suggest that by 1844 he could also lift a grown man on just one arm, as well as, on both arms, a
771:, the Moldavian capital city. Grigore's parents were Mihail and his first wife, Elisabeta "SÄftica" Paladi, who descended from the
8247:
3302:
In his final months, Sturdza was frequently seen alongside his wife Ralu at the Georgescu Garden in Bucharest, where they watched
1220:
that December noted that Sturdza and Dash had "dissolved their marriage by mutual agreement", and that he was set to marry one of
497:, and, during the 1840s, an heir apparent to the Moldavian throne, for which he was known throughout his later life as Moldavia's
8462:
8452:
6739:
2951:
2902:, the latter two had conspired to defraud Grigore of his inheritance. The Sturdza civil trial began in 1891 and was taken to the
2889:. Elena, married with Mihai Sturdza BârlÄdeanu, died in childbirthâdoctors found that she was physically damaged by a routine of
2865:), formed an uneasy alliance with the Conservatives, openly stating that they preferred Manu for the position of Prime Minister.
2576:. Upon the end of the war in 1878, Romanians were faced with a Russian demand to relinquish southern Bessarabia, in exchange for
1466:
8312:
8287:
8182:
2513:
1683:
644:
578:
in 1859â1864, Sturdza maintained conservative principles as a member of the Central Commission, thereafter alternating between
8085:
LaurenČiu Vlad, "Conservatorismul politic românesc (secolele XIXâXX). ScurtÄ istorie a cuvintelor, ideilor Či partidelor", ĂŽn
7461:
Barbu Berceanu, "Aspecte ale luptei politice pentru Unire. Candidatura lui Grigorie M. Sturdza la domnia Moldovei (1859)", in
3150:
of atoms condensed in the eighty million stars, or altogether one-hundred and eight-six nonillions of trentillions of atoms".
747:(formerly a part of Moldavia), and gives his birth date as May 11, 1821. An 1849 letter sent by Sturdza clarifies the date as
8412:
8402:
8387:
8177:
8152:
7951:
7931:
7850:
7815:
7797:
7738:
7591:
7534:
6423:
4240:
4101:
3114:
3017:
1718:
1637:
7024:
Alex. F. Mihail, "Case vechi boereČti. Povestea adevÄratÄ a palatului Sturdza. Amintiri din viaČa lui 'Beizadea ViČel'", in
2258:
8427:
8372:
8347:
8187:
7454:
Ruxanda Beldiman, "Histoire de la maison Constantin G. Dissescu, siège de l'Institut d'Histoire de l'Art G. Oprescu", in
2788:
2618:
ignored Sturdza's claim that the speech represented only himself, and ridiculed it as a sample of "operetta" conservatism.
2264:
Sturdza's proclamation upon retaking control of IaČi in May 1866, condemning the "barbaric propaganda" of local antisemites
2108:
1771:
organized a team of electoral agents from his Polish retinue, who also maintained a connection between him and Czajkowski.
2743:
s alarmist messages about Romania's standing in Europe pushed the PNL establishment into reestablishing the country as a "
989:; at some point before 1848, "without ever having served in the Russian army, received from Emperor Nicholas the rank of
8442:
8297:
3323:
3001:, by early May 1898 the PNL majority had pledged 1.5 million lei to Sturdza, as compensation for his 1854 expropriation.
2629:. Instead, he established a "minuscule political faction", the "National-Democratic Party", which put out its own daily,
1760:
1164:, and unable to answer the Countess' observation that she was no longer a French national, nor a Catholic. In June 1845,
1153:
819:. The war ended with an increase of Russian influence over Wallachia and Moldavia, codified into the constitutional act,
731:
1851:
The Nationals held primaries at the Grecianu home, in front of an elephant skeleton, with a long series of runoffs; the
1250:, and giving them access to "the secrets of all lucrative speculation in both Principalities." C. Sion reports that the
8497:
8317:
7498:
Regele Carol I Či a doua sa capitalÄ. RelaČii istorico-politice scrise din iniČiativa primarului IaČului G. G. Mârzescu
1350:. However, as reported by Girs, Wallachians were generally aware that Olga was the natural daughter of former Governor
1238:
s expense. The latter was still flaunting sexual mores with his escapades, and, as recorded by his father's secretary
8392:
8332:
8322:
8037:
7882:
7772:
7566:
7484:
6090:
5723:
2557:
2250:
De unĹ omĹ prĂŠ-tare, mÄ-e fricÄ, / Fie chÄarĹ Či dintre noÄ: / Cine pe-unĹ viČellĹ ridicÄ, / FacÄ-se DomnĹ ĂŽntre boÄ!
2134:
began campaigning for a Sturdza cabinet to replace KogÄlniceanu's, but the project was fully abandoned in June. The
912:
8192:
2812:
2437:, which was turning into a political faction, and which counted Negruzzi among its leaders. According to memoirist
1201:
494:
8307:
2822:, Sturdza took a senatorial seat in IaČi's 1st College, having run on the joint list presented by the PNL and the
2713:, a Romanian nationalist demographer, argued that Sturdza was sponsoring Grigore Hrisoscoleu to deny Bessarabia's
1515:, to whom the Porte had granted partial amnesty. Sturdza fought with distinction in Wallachia, beginning with the
8407:
8382:
8362:
8202:
8167:
812:
574:, with their rivalry playing a major part in the victory of a third candidate, Cuza. During the formation of the
3122:. Over thirty years, Sturdza investigated the "fundamental laws of the Universe", producing the eponymous tract
1746:. There were initially eight candidates, including himself and his father; Grigore was entered into the race by
1117:, threatening with physical harm all those who would oppose him, including judges. After a celebratory visit to
8422:
8262:
8207:
2580:. Nationalists were generally indignant, and Carol threatened to abdicate during February 1878; as reported by
2055:
1632:. A lithograph by Gustav Bartsch and Johann Hesse honors his profile as a warrior, showing him (under the name
1577:
was a libeler. Ghica himself had fond recollections of partying with Sturdza in Istanbul. His letters refer to
1542:
viewed Sturdza's presence in Ottoman ranks as indicative that the Porte was favoring conservatives; his cousin
1275:
940:
583:
8222:
511:
retailers. In 1845, he defied his father, and French law, by seeking to marry the much older, already married
8327:
8212:
8049:
Marian Stroia, "Rusia Či românii de la rÄzboiul Crimeii la Unirea Principatelor. Sinteza unei atitudini", in
3389:
3319:
2987:. In early 1896, Sturdza and his followers tried to mediate between PNL leaders and the breakaway faction of
2827:
1512:
1431:. He had married a distant relative, Catrina Sturdza, with whom he established a family branch in France. An
1302:", to emerge as the "elephant" of Moldavian agriculture. Sturdza also began holding land to his own name: at
1258:), Costache RoatÄ, Dumitrache Stat, and the forger Petrache KozmiČÄ. During 1847, a commission formed by the
924:
748:
8357:
7940:
L'ull crĂtic, Segona etapa, 17â8. Les romancières sentimentales: nouvelles approches, nouvelles perspectives
3108:
s final years were mostly dedicated to experimental science, leading him to become a founding member of the
1090:
became an honored guest of literary salons. It was in Paris that he began an affair with a female novelist,
1027:
when the latter was aged over fifty, recalls that he still pursued his physical routine, which now included
8482:
8447:
8197:
3412:
2760:
2553:
2332:
2324:
1405:
and, before his departure, accused him of having defrauded NeamČ Monastery of "no less than forty thousand
1374:
977:
633:
524:
406:
3295:
also had daughters from his extramarital affairs, including one who became the wife of chemist-politician
2149:, which also rekindled Polish activities in Wallachia and Moldavia. In July 1863, the Bessarabian town of
8437:
8432:
8367:
8337:
8232:
8217:
6115:
3250:
3198:
3052:
3038:, who depicted him as an Ottoman relic, adding the caption: "He was once something, what can he be now?"
3035:
2903:
2601:
2572:. They proposed that naturalization could only be fast-tracked in individual cases, and with an Assembly
1648:
1424:
1398:
540:
3411:
and throughout the second half of World War I, the Foreign Affairs palace was used as a hospital by the
2328:
1290:
was mostly known for his outstanding cruelty. Writer I. C. Severeanu reports that Sturdza not only kept
8417:
8342:
8252:
7923:
4779:, Vol. II, p. 98. Bucharest: AČezÄmântul Cultural Ion C. BrÄtianu & Imprimeriile IndependenČa, 1934
3432:
3401:
2588:, which was signed in July 1878. Over the following months, Sturdza was acknowledged as a proponent of
2415:, who also spoke on the occasionâthe latter's address was perceived by journalist as an endorsement of
2353:
2130:
was exceptionally equipped for subverting the Principalities' new liberal order. Late that same month,
2067:
to dispossess boyars and the gentry at the benefit of peasants. He upheld a rival project provided for
1803:
1270:. They found that the yeomanry was being exploited by a cartel of foreign merchants, including Greeks,
901:
714:
origins. Reportedly, Grigore did not favor this claim, but instead regarded himself as a descendant of
48:
8042:
Valeriu Stan, "CĂŽteva consideraČii ĂŽn legÄturÄ cu 'Monstruoasa coaliČie' Či durata existenČei ei", in
2651:
On March 3, 1880, Sturdza attempted a show of force, speaking in the Senate against the validation of
2139:
8237:
8227:
7807:
6412:
Limba românÄ este patria mea. Studii, comunicÄri, documente. Antologie de texte publicate ĂŽn revista
2092:
865:
756:
686:
637:
520:
366:
8017:
Gheorghe-Florin ČtirbÄČ, "'Partidul Liberalilor ModeraČi' din IaČi la 1878. Unele consideraČii", in
6135:"BucurescÄ, 3 Decembre" and "Corpurile Legiuitore. Sesiunea ordinarÄ. ČedinČa de la 1 Decembre", in
3182:, the works were "simply impossible to perform" and "cannot be found for sale anywhere in Europe".
2783:" by the Austrian press, which reported on his "conventicles" of IaČi in connection with a visit by
2166:
welcomed in Bucharest Panu, the chief of Moldavia's anti-Cuza movement, who was to supervise their "
2011:
880:
school by a Professor Victor de Lincourt. In September 1834, their father sent them to study in the
519:. By 1847, Grigore had been reintegrated into the Moldavian establishment, and, as a general in the
7704:
2428:
2241:
2138:
expected to be backed by the French Empire, but found himself isolated. France's Foreign Minister,
2123:
1714:
1255:
1165:
1113:. Acting as a "feudal lord, under laws of his own creation", he also established a private army of
837:. However, his mother was no longer included in the princely family: in order to gain the trust of
487:
286:
7205:
Touchet & Klumpke, p. 112. See also Hamangiu & Jiteanu, p. 94; Ion, p. 281; Schopp, p. 101
4362:
Carl GĂśllner, "Presa sÄseascÄ, un nou izvor pentru miČcarea revoluČionarÄ din Moldova (1848)", in
3363:
1558:
811:
to call himself a man of "conservative principles". The Sturdza ascendancy was interrupted by the
566:. A plan, discussed by Czajkowski, had Sturdza placed in a command position for an offensive into
296:
Soldier, merchant, agriculturalist, politician, jurist, philosopher, physicist, inventor, composer
8127:
8097:
Istoria românilor din Dacia TraianÄ. Volumul XIII: Domnia lui Cuza VodÄ, 1859â1866. Partea ĂŽntâia
3274:' syndicate, who were allegedly aware that his father would honor any debt. During May 1897, the
3138:, the French astronomer and parapsychologist, garnering a more ambiguous response from physicist
2955:, in July 1895 it branched out in Bucharest, counting on support from Constantin CreangÄ and his
2848:
2671:
2585:
2466:
though they noted that this was the result of procedures which Sturdza simply upheld. The former
2063:
1799:
1795:
1672:
74:
2400:
2163:
8100:
8007:
7584:
MoČtenirea culturalÄ turcÄ ĂŽn Dobrogea. Simpozion internaČional. ConstanČa, 24 septembrie, 2013
7511:
7137:
6901:
6481:
6317:
6082:
6064:
5676:
5434:
4393:
3423:. Its anonymous author quipped that, once "built by a calf", the Palace was destined to house "
3194:
3147:
2980:
2858:
2854:
2605:
2042:
1944:
1652:
1243:
1059:
952:
947:, renouncing all legal study in April 1840; according to various records, he took history with
944:
744:
587:
136:
7489:
Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, "Cimitirul Bellu din BucureČti. Muzeu de sculpturÄ Či arhitecturÄ", in
5645:, "Un prim manifest de la 1864 contra unei eventuale reÎntregiri a Basarabiei cu România", in
3407:
Ralu Strudza died at Agapia in October 1914, leaving most of her wealth to charity. After the
3380:
s remains out of the Boboc mausoleum, relocating them to a new grave at Agapia; the surviving
3046:
1427:. Around that time, Dimitrie signaled his definitive retirement from public life, settling in
885:
841:
536:
7746:, "FranČa Či Cuza VodÄ. â Lovitura de Stat proiectatÄ ĂŽn 1863. â DupÄ documente inedite", in
7417:
3645:; Georgescu-BuzÄu, pp. 26â27. See also Ion, p. 291; Rosetti (2017), pp. 174â175; ČuČu, p. 274
2907:
2839:
2494:
1920:
1816:
1660:
1254:
now had a criminal gang made up of young boyar upstarts such as Dumitrache Stan (allegedly a
1055:
956:
816:
575:
356:
2441:, at that stage Sturdza "never absented" from the literary conferences presented in IaČi by
2100:
1516:
416:
8122:
8117:
7943:
7523:
CÄlÄtori strÄini despre ČÄrile Române ĂŽn secolul al XIX-lea. Serie nouÄ, Vol. VI: 1852â1856
7255:
4217:
Niculae Koslinski, Cristian CrÄciunoiu, "Nave româneČti ĂŽn vremea lui Čtefan cel Mare", in
3254:"utter lack of artistic taste". It was the scene of family dramas, which played during the
3221:
3020:
2569:
2384:, backed by 65 Assembly deputies, presented a motion to grant Carol a gift of 300 thousand
2021:
2016:
2003:
1779:
1651:. In May 1856, "Muklis" joined the Ottoman diplomatic mission tasked with implementing the
1585:
1539:
1475:
1397:. Grigore is believed to have similarly handled the arrest of another young revolutionary,
1303:
905:
888:
and other young boyars, and with Lincourt as a chaperon, they were assigned to a school in
821:
374:
7508:
AgenČia diplomaticÄ a României ĂŽn Paris Či legÄturile politice franco-române sub Cuza-VodÄ
3262:(sometimes rendered as Bogza), was subsequently "raised, provided for, and married off by
2205:
2154:
1598:
1419:
555:
8:
7887:
7690:
7060:
6988:
Lisbet Torp, "Fra drøm til virkelighed: Et nyt musikmuseum i det tidligere Radiohus", in
6696:
6601:
6262:
6188:
6152:
6137:
3416:
3408:
3351:
3246:
2959:
factory. The same source reported that the Bucharest club merely intended to defraud the
2561:
2167:
2142:, passed it on to Cuza that he "knew nothing about prince G. Sturdza's political value".
1845:
1671:. Sturdza himself returned to his native country and was reconciled with the new Prince,
1656:
1615:
1535:
1531:
1390:
1323:
1171:
personally weighed in, informing Gabrielle of the risks she was taking upon herself. The
1145:
853:
706:
GrigoraČcu Sturdza, enshrined a legend according to which the family was a branch of the
678:
597:
590:. Himself a claimant to either the throne of a secessionist Moldavia or that of Romanian
567:
532:
508:
424:
7986:"CorespondenČa Petre MavrogheniâD. A. Sturdza. Treisprezece scrisori din 1860â1863", in
6407:
2939:
2115:
suggested that, under the circumstances, Romania could only find herself ruled by "some
960:
7753:
Narcis Dorin Ion, "Istorie Či genealogie. Convorbiri cu domnul Mihai Dim. Sturdza", in
6826:
6220:
5658:
4384:
4059:
3465:
3135:
2744:
2645:
2424:
2276:
1974:
1787:
1504:
1291:
1137:
916:
792:
604:
160:
7980:
4085:
3384:
was vandalized in 1955. From 1908, the SturdzaâDissescu villa was entirely rebuilt by
2214:
1449:
1168:
1118:
877:
8033:
7947:
7927:
7878:
7846:
7811:
7793:
7768:
7734:
7720:
7661:
7643:
7608:
7587:
7562:
7530:
7526:
7480:
7349:
7120:
6990:
6637:
6419:
6086:
5719:
4236:
4097:
3397:
3359:
3171:
3167:
2975:âat the time, the group was turning right-wing under the chairmanship of a relative,
2944:
2898:
2800:
2784:
2656:
2626:
2589:
2498:
2471:
2416:
2396:
2300:
2075:. Attempting to solve peasant destitution by other means, he set up his own lands in
1619:
1432:
1262:, alongside boyars Strat and Stan, was tasked with investigating the timber trade of
1239:
1149:
1110:
1063:
948:
936:
784:
780:
563:
392:
208:
6596:
1911:
1311:
8075:
7789:
7743:
3420:
3343:
3311:
3159:
3095:
3068:
3024:
2976:
2893:, which Grigore had imposed on her in the belief that it would ease her pregnancy.
2660:
2577:
2462:
2146:
2131:
2072:
1710:
1602:
1566:
1520:
1445:
1347:
1271:
1106:
1058:, and, with his personal example, helped spark recruitment into the less developed
736:
715:
579:
420:
176:
5032:
CuvĂŽntare ČinutÄ la Serbarea zileÄ de 24 Ianuar a Ligei Culturale SecČia BucureČtÄ
1832:
1062:; according to literary historian Radu CernÄtescu, this activity was satirized by
876:. Around coronation time, he and his elder brother Dimitrie were being tutored at
707:
8257:
7970:
7956:
7874:
7683:
7649:
7640:
Din vremea renaČterii naČionale a ČÄrii româneČti: Boierii GoleČti. IV: 1853â1871
7617:
Teodora-Camelia Cristofor, "Čcoala de zbor fÄrÄ motor de la Cucuteni (IaČi)", in
7354:
6101:
Vladislav Grosul, "ĐŃОПОНдавŃкио вŃŃŃŃĐżĐťĐľĐ˝Đ¸Ń Đ˛ Đ ŃĐźŃнии в кОнŃĐľ ĐĽIX ŃŃОНоŃиŃ", in
4219:
3242:
3139:
2835:
2796:
2756:
2748:
2733:
2357:
2171:
1969:
1949:
1721:, and their emancipation as an independent country. In 1855, this group opened a
1527:
1385:, he was the subject of a derisive remark by one of his victims, Alecu Rosetti: "
1319:
1307:
1204:, never to return. Duclos provides a different narrative, according to which the
897:
845:
764:
719:
2857:
were fundamentally weak. In May of the following year, he attacked BrÄtianu and
2153:
witnessed a skirmish between 400 Polish volunteers, recruited by Czajkowski and
2112:
1437:
1036:; in winter, he enjoyed wrestling matches with a good friend, George San-Marin.
640:
7559:
CÄlÄtori strÄini despre ČÄrile Române ĂŽn secolul al XIX-lea. Vol. IV: 1841â1846
4654:, pp. 137â138. Bucharest: Tipografia AcademieÄ Române, LaboratoriÄ RomânÄ, 1884
3663:
3355:
3350:
had wanted his palace to be passed on the infant Prince of Romania, the future
3288:
3284:
3155:
3143:
3061:
2808:
2768:
2634:
2490:
2478:
2442:
2412:
2312:
2299:, having been made a Colonel in the Romanian military, was also serving as the
2218:
2059:
1747:
1727:
1668:
1351:
1267:
1221:
1128:
872:. He was much impressed by the experience, which shaped his lifelong belief in
772:
674:
490:
345:
268:
258:
171:
140:
98:
6406:
Dumitru Irimia, "Limba â componentÄ fundamentalÄ a specificului naČional", in
5437:, "ImbunetÄČirea agriculturiÄ. SfaturÄ pentru agricultoriÄ ĂŽncepetorÄ. V", in
2795:
remained unrelenting in his critique of BrÄtianu's foreign policies, exposing
2388:. As reported by opposition papers, this was in fact a disguised gift for the
2311:
remained sympathetic toward the moderate separatists. In July 1867, he was at
2183:; it also provided for a selective land reform with the full abolition of the
2150:
2076:
1836:
1706:
1530:, and moved to confiscate his entire personal wealthâcomprising CristeČti and
562:. A mounted sniper noted for his feats of extreme courage, he was advanced to
8111:
8092:
7708:
7286:
FĂŠlix Belle, "Chronique des tribunaux. La Succession du Prince Stourdza", in
6312:
5027:
4233:
Cucuteni â 5000 Redivivus: ČtiinČe exacte Či mai puČin exacte. EdiČia 5, 2010
4201:
3943:
3470:
3342:
Sturdza was survived by his wife Ralu, who soon began a new life as a nun in
3303:
3163:
3119:
2988:
2956:
2938:
was being courted by the PNL's conservative wings. In 1884, he and the PNL's
2919:
2882:
2843:
2714:
2710:
2573:
2565:
2524:
2197:
2180:
2025:
2002:
and an international loan in order to balance Moldavia's budget and create a
1931:
1864:
1722:
1664:
1331:
1247:
1180:
1133:
1121:, Grigore asked to be allowed an extended vacation on his father's estate of
1099:
Dimitrie had been successfully recruited into the administration, serving as
1091:
1028:
986:
982:
881:
807:
625:
512:
191:
7786:
A Circle of Friends: Romanian Revolutionaries and Political Exile, 1840â1859
3428:
2747:"âwhether to increase the government's prestige or to "uplift the country".
2099:
and 29 other deputies in signing a letter of protest against Prime Minister
7907:
7579:
7468:
4159:
3460:
2927:
2890:
2675:
2516:(PNL). Sturdza and his associate Ceaur-Aslan voiced their displeasure when
2385:
2193:
2007:
1999:
1964:
also reports that the plot was factual, since Czajkowski intended to carve
1824:
1739:
1688:
1640:
1624:
1355:
1299:
1144:
Grigore feared that this was an attempt at stalling. As reported by writer
1044:
1016:
1000:
803:
776:
723:
670:
37:
7836:
Din relaČiile Či corespondenČa poetului Gheorghe Sion cu contemporanii sÄi
7665:
7612:
7124:
3436:
3091:
2240:
Caricature of Sturdza in Ottoman uniform and exercising with his calf, in
889:
7897:
7765:
Cruce Či semilunÄ. RÄzboiul ruso-turc din 1853â1854 ĂŽn chipuri Či imagini
7724:
7503:
7145:, February 19, 1895, p. 3. See also Argetoianu (1998), p. 35; Ion, p. 301
6941:"A Page of Mystifying Items. Figures That Make the Imagination Real", in
3479:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1051.
2911:
2886:
2803:
to limit Romania's navigation rights. His speeches drew attention from a
2702:
2453:
deputies, also based in IaČi, only agreed to sign parts of the document.
2438:
2096:
2080:
2068:
1735:
1508:
1263:
1071:
964:
932:
928:
551:
504:
410:
6796:
6757:
6436:
4777:
Din arhiva lui Dumitru BrÄtianu: acte Či scrisori din perioada 1840â1870
2621:
In February 1880, "Whites" coalesced into a more centralized group, the
7288:
5707:
3666:, "Notules Phanariotes II: Encore l'exil de Jean Caradja à Genève", in
3296:
2780:
2674:. From January 1881, the group also made show of its opposition to the
2209:
2204:. Returning from Paris later in 1864, he approached the "Red" politico
1909:
Bucharest; Strudza's piece saw print in the National Party mouthpiece,
1629:
1335:
873:
788:
690:
629:
559:
7777:
Dumitru IvÄnescu, "Complotul polonez din 1859 ĂŽmpotriva lui Cuza", in
5751:
5538:
5504:
5439:
4516:
HĂrlap-szĂłtĂĄr az oroszâtĂśrĂśk viszĂĄly elĹidĂŠzte hĂĄborĂşnak magyarĂĄzatĂĄra
2614:
1867:, Cuza was only allowed to run because of conspiratorial maneuvers by
1798:, who put out a Sturdzist brochure that was read with interest by the
1791:
1695:
Samples of diplomatic correspondence indicate that, in July 1856, the
1590:
1588:: they "listened with our ears and our souls" to a performance by the
586:
and anti-Cuza conspiracy, while being in particular adverse to Cuza's
8003:
7445:
6295:
5642:
4647:
3158:'s "dissonant and deafening music". By 1879, he had authored several
3007:
2272:
2192:
In January 1864, Cuza responded to Sturdza's maneuvers by calling on
1550:
1454:
1359:
991:
702:
682:
653:
156:
7920:
Amintiri. Ce-am auzit de la alČii. Din copilÄrie. Din prima tinereČe
6599:, "La 50 de ani dela moartea poetei Veronica Micle *1859ââ 1889", in
4915:
Vlad, pp. 37, 46. See also Berceanu, p. 170; MeteČ, pp. LXXVIâLXXVII
3245:, but never lived in it, finally presenting is to his other lawyer,
2872:
that, at any time, comprised twelve concubines; commenting on this "
2497:. In 1875, he used his father's Lozonschi house as a hangar for his
2185:
1960:, but it was largely confirmed by Poles taken into custody. Scholar
1327:
935:, but the latter died before he could enlist. He eventually studied
767:. Other obituaries and biographies suggest that Sturdza was born at
7866:
3381:
2869:
2694:
1925:
1831:. As an Ottoman serviceman, he found his candidacy rejected by the
1701:
1487:
1049:
1020:
981:. Both brothers took legal courses at home, focusing especially on
833:
760:
711:
592:
479:
333:
8012:
CorespondenČa ĂŽntre Ion Ionescu de la Brad Či Ion Ghica, 1846â1874
7993:"CorespondenČa lui Ion Ghica cu Dimitrie Sturdza (1860â1880)", in
6299:, December 27, 1880, p. 2; "O telegrama a principelui Sturza", in
5453:
Ovidiu Ungureanu, "Dreptul la onoare Či dreptul la demnitate", in
4208:, pp. 236â237. Bucharest: National Industrial Credit Society, 1927
995:(Colonel)." This was possibly an honor requested by their father.
6464:"Senatul. ČedinČa de la 28 Noembrie 1888. DiscuČie generalÄ", in
5715:
4473:
Rosetti (1907), pp. 131â132, 257. See also Rosetti (2017), p. 179
4093:
2433:
2331:, who argued that regional caucuses were not permitted under the
2271:
The political unrest was briefly ended that same month by Cuza's
1965:
1659:(which had been returned to Moldavia). The Commission president,
1458:), who found that Sturdza had indeed disregarded law and custom.
1193:
1122:
1012:
827:
752:
617:
516:
499:
483:
351:
253:
132:
28:
7424:ĂnsemnÄri zilnice. Volumul I: 2 februarie 1935â31 decembrie 1936
6560:
BucureČti â Amintirile unui oraČ. Ziduri vechi. FiinČe dispÄrute
5502:"Adunarea NaČionale a RomânieÄ. ČedinČa de la 18 FevruariĹ", in
1187:, forming Moldavia's full cavalry force, rode into Perieni. The
768:
612:
7056:"Veronica Micle era bunicÄ. Documente Či corespondenČÄ inedite"
5570:
Bossy, pp. 64â65, 273â274; HudiČÄ, pp. 334â335; IvÄnescu, p. 72
3529:
3527:
3525:
3175:
3112:; as reported by Klumpke, he had since taken a degree from the
2915:
2512:, which Catargiu lost to the consolidated "Red" opposition, or
2505:
2470:
was himself continuously elected to either the Assembly or the
2364:. His split with C. A. Rosetti was rendered manifest after the
2116:
2091:
the creation in early 1862 of a unified cabinet, headed by the
2084:
1428:
1197:
1157:
1114:
1101:
1033:
920:
798:
By 1820, both countries were beginning their emancipation from
7681:
Gh. Georgescu-BuzÄu, "Poveste cu o contesÄ Či o beizadea", in
3464:
2592:âthough not necessarily of a Balkan state to include Romania.
1601:, an Ottoman Cossack general and, originally, a member of the
546:
Following Mihail Sturdza's ouster in 1849, Grigore joined the
7838:. Cluj: State Archives of Cluj & Tipografia Pallas, 1939.
7473:
RevoluČia românÄ din 1848â1849. ĂnsemnÄtatea Či programele ei
6605:, Vol. LXXII, Issues 10â11â12, OctoberâDecember 1939, p. 1926
5880:
Gane, pp. 153â54; Ornea, pp. 258â262. See also A. Stan, p. 99
5813:
BacalbaČa (1927), pp. 17â18; Hasdeu & Eliade, pp. 253â254
4034:
Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 30. See also Rosetti (2017), pp. 176, 179
3271:
3193:, and invented an instrument that was reportedly used by the
3023:, who noted that the country needed to remain neutral in the
3011:". The same source also reported that, later that month, the
2873:
2295:
Grigore Sturdza, never even made a move." In March 1866, the
2071:
in rural communities, with family allotments of, at most, 15
1557:
reportedly preferred to associate with the better positioned
1406:
1184:
893:
869:
396:
7352:, "Neinventivul Carol I Či cĂŽČiva dintre sfetnicii sÄi", in
5475:
A. Stan, p. 36; SlÄvescu (1941), p. 27; Xenopol, pp. 150â153
4481:
4479:
3848:
3846:
3522:
1823:
Unlike Mihail, Sturdza Jr wanted to also take a seat in the
963:
referred to Sturdza as having "more studied than understood
8087:
Analele UniversitÄČii din BucureČti, Seria ČtiinČe Politice
6434:"MiČcarea ElectoralÄ. Lista liberal-radicalÄ din IaČÄ", in
6303:, Issue 100/1880, p. 403. See also BacalbaČa (1927), p. 252
3082:
3034:
s political irrelevancy was signaled in 1898 by cartoonist
1228:
7890:, "Unirea Principatelor RomĂŽne, Cuza VodÄ Či polonii", in
7546:
Radu CernÄtescu, "O lojÄ fantomaticÄ bântuie Parisul", in
6479:"Din camerile române. SenatulĹ. ČedinČa dela 17 Maiu", in
4391:. Michail KogÄlniceanu â BÄrbatul de stat. â (Fine.)", in
4146:, "Hotarnica satelor rÄzÄČeČti dornene din 1800â1801", in
1935:"vagabonds", ready to "storm into that Mr Cuza's palace".
927:
in October 1837. Grigore was supposed to take lectures in
896:, which was the center of radical politics ever since the
643:; eventually, Sturdza himself was recruited by BrÄtianu's
7430:ĂnsemnÄri zilnice. Volumul III: 1 iulieâ31 decembrie 1937
4702:, Vol. 4, Issues 3â4, MarchâApril 1993, p. 252; SlÄvescu
4476:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4003:
4001:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3843:
3745:, p. 437; Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27. See also Dobozi, p. 120
3551:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", p. 4; Berceanu, p. 167
3431:. Another one of Sturdza's palatial homes existed on the
1844:
vote for a unionist. This statement is seen by historian
7500:. Bucharest: Institutul de Arte Grafice C. Sfetea, 1916.
6574:
6572:
5712:
Preludiu la asasinat. Pogromul de la IaČi, 29 iunie 1941
5185:
Panaitescu, pp. 73â74. See also Lucaci-DÄscÄliČÄ, p. 106
4531:, pp. 315â316, 332â333; Fotino, pp. 53â54; Jianu, p. 256
3400:. It came to house Foreign Affairsâit was here that the
3146:, with Sturdza calculating "that there are ninety-three
2910:, and to transfer him the Sturdza vacation residence in
2360:
section in IaČi, retiring to a position on the board of
1565:
had permanent contact with other Wallachians, including
611:, Sturdza became leader of the "White" conservatives in
7600:, Vol. XVII, Issues 1â3, JanuaryâMarch 1931, pp. 38â48.
6515:
6513:
6511:
6509:
4964:, p. 35. Piatra NeamČ: Imprimeria JudeČului NeamČ, 1929
4539:
4537:
3774:
3772:
1709:, himself replaced in February 1857 by Bogoridi's son,
755:, his family having fled there from the ravages of the
486:
soldier, politician, and adventurer. He was the son of
8053:, Vol. XVI, Issues 1â2, JanuaryâApril 2005, pp. 69â86.
7916:. Bucharest: Atelierele Grafice Socec & Co., 1907.
7178:, August 8, 1896, p. 3. See also Hamangiu, pp. 179â201
4037:
3998:
3962:
3498:
Ion, pp. 269â270. See also Rosetti (2017), pp. 205â206
2971:
Sturdza was finally attracted into the PNL during the
2779:
In January 1882, Grigore Sturdza was being labeled a "
2663:
of Romanian territory. Another rallying point for the
1876:
father and son", particularly since "the partisans of
1491:
reforms, he transferred to a Colonel's posting in the
8046:, Vol. II, Issues 7â8, JulyâAugust 1991, pp. 383â397.
7767:. Bucharest: Editura Biblioteca BucureČtilor, 2001.
7543:, Vol. XVI, Issues 4â6, AprilâJune 1939, pp. 144â162.
7539:
N. B. Cantacuzène, "Vieux temp.âVielles figures", in
6923:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", p. 5; ČuČu, p. 160
6685:
BacalbaČa (1927), p. 312; Nicolescu, pp. 465, 472â474
6569:
6242:
BacalbaČa (1927), p. 245; Rosetti (2017), pp. 631â632
5929:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", p. 4; ČuČu, p. 160
4206:
Carte de cetire pentru meseriaČul Či lucrÄtorul român
3366:, claimed to have accessed a more recent will of the
3142:. One of the tenets of the books was a hypothesis on
3094:, in July 1891. He was struck by the former Pasha's "
1903:
1900:
himself absented from the vote which confirmed Cuza.
1298:
had a plan of taking in his care "all the estates of
8283:
Romanian people of the Russo-Turkish War (1877â1878)
8148:
Government ministers of the Principality of Moldavia
7975:
Arhondologia MoldoveÄ. AmintirÄ Či note contimporane
7456:
Revue Roumaine d'Histoire de l'Art. SĂŠrie Beaux-Arts
7092:
7090:
7088:
6890:, pp. 117â118. Bucharest: Tipografia Capitalei, 1930
6888:
Efemeridele. InsemnÄri & amintiri. Ăntâiul volum
6506:
5118:
5116:
4787:
4785:
4534:
3769:
3753:
3751:
2963:, who had pledged them a 1-million-lei sponsorship.
2633:. Its few affiliates included a Wallachian soldier,
2489:
Ionescu suggest that Sturdza had created himself an
1687:
Henric Cortazzi's satirical doodle of the Moldavian
1618:
and finding himself advanced to the equivalent of a
531:
became personal enemies with three future statesmenâ
8026:
Putere politicÄ Či democraČie ĂŽn România, 1859â1918
7857:
Parlamentul RomĂŽn: 1866â1901. Biografii Či portrete
7654:
P. P. Carp Či locul sÄu ĂŽn istoria politicÄ a ČÄrii
1754:who had taken over from Vogoride. In November, the
1738:, with Sturdza appearing as a Moldavian version of
1507:cavalry in December 1853, some two months into the
718:. His contemporary, the genealogist and polemicist
8063:Raluca Tomi, "L'Histoire de la Maison de Commerce
7717:FundaČia pentru LiteraturÄ Či ArtÄ Regele Carol II
5493:Xenopol, p. 161. See also HudiČÄ, pp. 274â275, 302
5349:
5347:
5149:IvÄnescu, pp. 69â70. See also Ciobanu, pp. 178â179
4282:, p. 436; Ion, pp. 297â298; Rosetti (2017), p. 179
4150:, Vol. VII, Issues 7â9, JulyâSeptember 1941, p. 10
3718:GavriČ, pp. 73â76. See also Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27
2048:
1726:a while divided between putting up Alecsandri and
1549:Sturdza networked with the pro-Ottoman Wallachian
911:In August 1835 the two boys were relocated to the
7596:N. Corivan, "Din corespondenČa lui Vaillant", in
7085:
5113:
5056:Rosetti (2017), p. 365. See also Berceanu, p. 178
4782:
3748:
3728:
3726:
3724:
2834:had produced first an experimental cabinet under
2552:Sturdza adopted controversial stances during the
2456:Used by the opposition to ridicule the "Whites" (
1919:effectively federated the two countries, as the "
1503:and other variants), Sturdza was assigned to the
1326:. Initially, he tried to undercut the markets of
8109:
7624:Milandolina Beatrice Dobozi, "Ecouri moldave ĂŽn
7582:, Gabriel Custurea, Delia Roxana Cornea (eds.),
7253:"Čtiri. Moartea principesei Raluca Sturdza", in
7135:"Scirile dĚŚilei. PrinČulĹ Grigorie Sturdza", in
4754:, Vol. 6, Issues 5â6, MayâJune 1995, pp. 512â513
4366:, Vol. XXII, Issues 4â6, AprilâJune 1936, p. 111
4164:ContribuČiuni la istoricul Čiganilor din România
3908:
3906:
3687:
3685:
3205:Society (1885), which existed as a challenge to
3185:Sturdza did however play chamber music with his
2729:Grigore's ambition, disappear within 24 hours."
1183:reports that eventually, in September 1845, 200
7729:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu (editor: I. OpriČan),
7465:, Vol. 37, Issue 2, February 1984, pp. 167â184.
7393:
7391:
7141:, Issue 18/1895, p. 2; "Une drame d'amour", in
5344:
5310:
5308:
5306:
4962:Din trecutul miČcÄrilor pentru Unirea românilor
4025:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 30. See also Schopp, p. 102
3878:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27. See also Schopp, p. 101
3358:(which also featured a bust of the defunct, by
2119:or Austrian prince, or by some Turkish pasha".
815:, during which Prince Ioan was captured by the
795:, who served as Moldavian Prince in the 1760s.
743:was a native of "Scutarie" village in Russia's
722:, lists the Sturdzas as native Moldavians from
6845:BucureČti. Materiale de Istorie Či Muzeografie
6418:, p. 53. ChiČinÄu: Casa Limbii Române, 2007.
5484:HudiČÄ, pp. 299â300, 323; Xenopol, pp. 153â154
4652:ScrisorÄ ale luÄ Ion Ghica cÄtre V. Alecsandri
4579:"Un gheČeft de un milion Či jumÄtate leÄ", in
3721:
3506:
3504:
2202:compensated dispossession of monastery estates
1806:. As noted in various diplomatic records, the
1705:(regent) of Moldavia, losing only narrowly to
1597:On the Wallachian front, Sturdza served under
1584:s birthday, which doubled as a celebration of
600:" which managed to depose Cuza in early 1866.
8273:Ottoman military personnel of the Crimean War
8080:Bulletin de la SociĂŠtĂŠ Astronomique de France
7902:Amintiri de la 'Junimea' din IaČi. Volumul II
7713:Scrieri literare, morale Či politice. Tomul 2
7550:, Vol. IX, Issue 10, October 2008, pp. 36â43.
7172:"O bandÄ de cÄmÄtari. Cazul L-t Sturdza", in
7020:
3903:
3682:
2547:
2375:
831:âan informal title bestowed upon sons of the
759:; as a baby, he lived in Bessarabia, then in
8158:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
8143:National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
7388:
7154:Hamangiu & Jiteanu, pp. 94, 95, 101, 107
7018:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7004:
7002:
7000:
5902:Gane, p. 154; Ornea, p. 260; A. Stan, p. 100
5303:
3700:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27. See also Gane, p. 67
3489:Ion, pp. 274â276. See also Sion, pp. 311â312
1888:s right to take a seat in the Ad hoc Divan.
1346:, making Grigore a brother-in-law of writer
1227:In 1846, Dash and her cousin were living in
7674:: educaČia lui Grigore Mihail Sturdza", in
7442:BucureČtii de altÄdatÄ. Vol. I: 1871 â 1884
7414:, Vol. IV, Issue 3, February 1901, pp. 4â5.
7047:
7045:
6566:, Vol. 7, Issues 5â6, MayâJune 1996, p. 465
4625:, Vol. 5, Issues 5â6, MayâJune 1994, p. 418
4322:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 31; Schopp, pp. 102â103
3948:Histoire de l'enseignement en Pays Roumains
3501:
2771:'s commission for constitutional revision.
2564:. Sturdza sided with Conservative Generals
2170:". At around that time, a French diplomat,
1778:was intent on obtaining recognition by the
1373:All Sturdzas were involved in quelling the
1306:, he used, and sometimes lived in, a giant
523:, personally handled repression during the
7977:. IaČi: Tipografia BuciumuluÄ Român, 1892.
7965:United States Government Publishing Office
7586:, pp. 175â187. Bucharest: Top Form, 2013.
7268:Hamangiu & Jiteanu, pp. 94â95, 100â101
7249:
7247:
7104:
7102:
4575:
4573:
4571:
3077:According to Radu Rosetti: "In his youth,
2942:sought to introduce a law whereby acts of
2474:, for all legislatures down to his death.
2145:These events unfolded in the context of a
1794:. Sturdza Jr also recruited the Frenchman
1553:, but the two split in February 1854. The
1519:; he was then involved in the engagements
1278:, and wrote off much of the village debt.
951:and was introduced to natural sciences by
478:; May 11, 1821 â January 26, 1901), was a
8060:. IaČi: Tipografia Lumina Moldovei, 1923.
7904:. Bucharest: Editura Remus Cioflec, 1942.
7117:Editura de Stat pentru LiteraturÄ Či ArtÄ
6997:
6527:
6525:
6224:, Vol. 55, Issue 9, September 2019, p. 55
6182:
6180:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5131:Xenopol, pp. 24â25. See also Bossy, p. 27
4897:Berceanu, pp. 168, 179; Stroia, pp. 81â82
4673:
4671:
4669:
4511:
4509:
3950:, p. 233. Bucharest: Casa Čcoalelor, 1932
2918:ordered Goncharov to pay Sturdza 800,000
2828:project of BulgarianâRomanian unification
1358:only by adoption. The couple were wed in
868:in August 1834, when he became a cavalry
775:. Her relative, the politician-historian
16:Moldavian/Romanian soldier and politician
8243:19th-century Romanian military personnel
7042:
6984:
6982:
6882:
6880:
6631:
6629:
6105:, Issues 5â6, JulyâSeptember 2019, p. 88
5536:"BucurescÄ 19 PriariĹ/7 1 FlorariĹ", in
4800:Charles Bousquet, "Revue politique", in
4235:, p. 221. ChiČinÄu: BonsOffices, 2010.
3921:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27; Ion, pp. 296â297
3654:Ion, p. 291; Rosetti (2017), pp. 174â175
3455:
3453:
3451:
3394:George Oprescu Institute for Art History
3266:Grigore", who also legally adopted her.
2558:aligned with Russia against the Ottomans
2248:(April 1866). This illustrated a ditty:
1835:tribunal, but could still win a seat in
1682:
1465:
1127:
689:; he was of plausible, but unconfirmed,
664:
8478:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
8138:Leaders of political parties in Romania
7843:Familia Costache. Istorie Či genealogie
7561:. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 2007.
7432:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 2001.
7426:. Bucharest: Editura Machiavelli, 1998.
7244:
7223:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", p. 5
7099:
6558:, "Note Či recenzii. Emoil Hagi-Moscu,
6470:, November 19 (December 11), 1888, p. 3
4706:, p. 147; Touchet & Klumpke, p. 112
4568:
4485:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", p. 4
2934:Despite his lifelong conservatism, the
2682:, and thereafter by the Conservatives.
2122:As argued by the anti-boyar journalist
1511:. This unit was also set up to include
1377:. Dimitrie was nominally in charge, as
1039:
8110:
7656:, Vol. I. Bucharest: Editura Ziarului
7410:"â Principele Grigore M. Sturdza", in
7214:Hamangiu & Jiteanu, pp. 94â95, 102
6991:Villum Fonden of Velux Fonden Ă
rsskrif
6794:"EdiČia III. Ultime informaČiunÄ", in
6522:
6455:, September 22 (October 4), 1887, p. 2
6177:
5767:
4666:
4506:
4016:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 30; Schopp, p. 100
3459:
3241:bought himself a villa on Bucharest's
3212:cultural tenets. In February 1895 the
2717:. The Pietraru incident put an end to
1750:, who was serving as one of the three
1444:lands, was highly controversial after
844:, Mihail divorced SÄftica and married
8014:. Bucharest: Monitorul Oficial, 1943.
7997:, Vol. XXV, 1942â1943, pp. 1247â1358.
7750:, Vol. I, Issue 1, 1941, pp. 269â429.
7733:. Bucharest: Editura Vestala, 2009.
7619:Acta Musei Tutovensis. MemorialisticÄ
7493:, Vol. I, Issue 1, 1958, pp. 185â204.
6979:
6877:
6715:, October 21 (November 2), 1887, p. 1
6709:I.W.K., "Colectivitatea la IaČÄ", in
6626:
6284:Gane, pp. 241â242, 244; Ornea, p. 278
5749:"BucurescÄ 27 CuptorĹ/7 AugustĹ", in
5074:Berceanu, p. 172; Xenopol, pp. 18, 30
3448:
2689:s agenda was also poorly reviewed by
1719:unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
1678:
1286:Despite such acts of generosity, the
515:, and barricaded himself with her at
42:Photograph of Sturdza, dated ca. 1875
7990:, Vols. XIâXII, 1941â1942, pp. 9â34.
7573:Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Kielcach
7541:Revue Historique du Sud-Est EuropĂŠen
6899:Gavril Todica, "Pagini rÄsleČe", in
6384:"Zur Lagesgefchichte. Rumänien", in
6124:Editura ČtiinČificÄ Či EnciclopedicÄ
6120:România Či Tripla AlianČÄ, 1878â1914
4518:, p. 99. Pest: KĂĄroly Edelmann, 1854
4057:"IntĂŠrieur. Paris, 15 dĂŠcembre", in
3831:Rosetti (2017), pp. 175â176, 630â631
3392:structure, and currently houses the
2529:government-mandated repeat elections
2095:. In December 1862, he joined Panu,
1790:, whom he met in the border town of
1699:had real chances of being appointed
1023:). Radu Rosetti, who befriended the
8378:Romanian businesspeople in shipping
6676:, Vol. I, Issue 7, March 1898, p. 7
6330:BacalbaČa (1927), pp. 245, 252, 253
5782:"BucurescÄ, 8 FebruariĹ, 1876", in
5588:Hasdeu & OpriČan, pp. 38â39, 77
5000:Berceanu, p. 174; Panaitescu, p. 76
2693:who mistrusted its self-designated
2279:, a Prussian subject, as their new
2033:Commission owed its mandate to the
1452:, at the time the civil inspector (
681:, whence they settled Moldavia and
550:as a Colonel, and took part in the
13:
8293:19th-century Romanian philosophers
8278:Romanian people of the Crimean War
7963:, pp. 979â990. Washington, D. C.:
7310:Hamangiu & Jiteanu, pp. 94â108
6945:, Vol. I, Issue 1, May 1901, p. 12
6943:The New York Magazine of Mysteries
6914:Touchet & Klumpke, pp. 112â113
6824:"Telegrammi. Agenzia Stefani", in
6081:, p. 168. Frankfurt am Main etc.:
6062:"Romani'a intre doue curente", in
5889:Fl., "AdevÄrulĹ este adÄvarĹ", in
3373:In 1920, other Sturdzas moved the
2973:general elections of November 1895
1904:Polish plot and Central Commission
1513:Wallachian revolutionary deportees
1375:attempted revolution of April 1848
1281:
525:attempted revolution of April 1848
507:, and entered a legal battle with
278:Elisabeta "SÄftica" Rosetti-Paladi
14:
8509:
8268:People of the Revolutions of 1848
8133:Pretenders to the Romanian throne
5964:Rosetti (2017), p. 629; SlÄvescu
5527:Hasdeu & OpriČan, pp. 72, 125
4698:, "Portretele lui Omer PaČa", in
4464:Ion, pp. 302â303; A. Stan, p. 274
3439:, until being torn down in 1915.
2853:, insisting that Germany and its
2372:visited with his mother SÄftica.
2352:In October, following separatist
1387:Vous ĂŞtes magnifique et pas cher!
1078:reflected in its main character,
82:Pretender to the Moldavian throne
8493:Deaths from pneumonia in Romania
8473:Romanian people of Greek descent
8398:Romanian hospital administrators
8353:Inventors of musical instruments
8163:Members of the Senate of Romania
8078:, "Communications verbales", in
7845:. Bârlad: Editura Sfera, 2011.
7757:, Vol. XXXIV, 2015, pp. 267â370.
7632:, Vol. XLIII, 2014, pp. 117â150.
7379:
7370:
7361:
7343:
7331:
7322:
7313:
7304:
7295:
7280:
7271:
7262:
7235:
7226:
7217:
7208:
7199:
7190:
7181:
7166:
7157:
7148:
7129:
7076:
7067:
7033:
6970:
6957:
6948:
6935:
6926:
6917:
6908:
6893:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6833:
6818:
6803:
6788:
6773:
6764:
6746:
6737:Jip., "Milionul BeizadeleÄ", in
6731:
6718:
6703:
6688:
6679:
6666:
6653:
6644:
6617:
6608:
6590:
6587:Rosetti (2017), pp. 632, 635â636
6581:
6549:
6540:
6497:
6488:
6473:
6458:
6443:
6428:
6400:
6391:
6378:
6369:
6360:
6351:
6342:
6333:
6324:
6306:
6287:
6278:
6269:
6254:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6204:
6195:
6168:
6159:
6144:
6129:
6108:
6095:
6071:
6056:
6047:
6038:
6025:
6016:
6007:
5998:
5989:
5980:
5971:
5958:
5945:
5932:
5923:
5920:Hasdeu & Eliade, pp. 295â297
5914:
5905:
5896:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5856:
5847:
5838:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5798:
5789:
5758:
5743:
5734:"Principatele române unite", in
5728:
5701:
5692:
5683:
5668:
5652:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5615:Hasdeu & OpriČan, pp. 99â100
5609:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5564:
5555:
5546:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5496:
5487:
5478:
5469:
5460:
5447:
5428:
5419:
5410:
5401:
5392:
5383:
5374:
5365:
5356:
5335:
5326:
5317:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5236:
5224:
5215:
5206:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5170:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5021:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4900:
4891:
4878:
4869:
4860:
4847:
4838:
4825:
4816:
4807:
4794:
4766:
4757:
4744:
4731:
4718:
4709:
4684:
4677:"Constantinople, 2 fĂŠvrier", in
4657:
4641:
4628:
4615:
4606:
4603:Fotino, pp. 54â55, 57, 68â69, 91
4134:Sion, pp. 137, 308, 325, 329â331
3891:, p. 437. See also GavriČ, p. 77
3605:Ion, pp. 280â281; Xenopol, p. 55
3216:was dedicated the poetry volume
3060:
3045:
2787:, known for having fought in an
2257:
2233:
2103:, which actually criticized the
1561:. Around June of that year, the
350:
338:
326:
36:
8488:Ăcole Normale SupĂŠrieure alumni
8468:Romanian expatriates in Germany
8458:Romanian expatriates in Austria
8303:19th-century Romanian inventors
8173:Diplomats of the Ottoman Empire
7914:Pentru ce s-au rÄsculat ČÄranii
7607:. Bucharest: Universul, 1944.
7113:Suveniruri teatrale (1889â1956)
6315:, "Scrisori din Basarabia", in
5649:, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2011, p. 289
5455:Acta Universitatis Lucian Blaga
4715:A. S. Ionescu (2001), pp. 20â22
4597:
4588:
4555:
4552:A. S. Ionescu (2001), pp. 75â76
4546:
4521:
4497:
4488:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4378:
4369:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4211:
4195:
4182:
4173:
4153:
4137:
4128:
4115:
4106:
4079:
4066:
4051:
4028:
4019:
4010:
3989:
3976:
3953:
3937:
3924:
3915:
3894:
3881:
3872:
3859:
3834:
3825:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3781:
3760:
3735:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3673:
3657:
3648:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3563:
3124:Lois fondamentales de l'univers
3005:noted that this was in fact a "
2789:anti-Austrian rebellion in 1875
2535:made a public show of his anti-
1829:concurrent legislative election
1481:By the time of the revolution,
852:, son of the Russian statesman
8463:Romanian expatriates in France
8453:Romanian expatriates in Russia
8021:, Vol. XLI, 2012, pp. 101â128.
7825:ViaČa lui Alexandru Macedonski
7687:, JulyâAugust 1968, pp. 26â31.
7676:Acta Moldaviae Septentrionalis
7376:Argetoianu (2001), pp. 302â303
7301:Hamangiu & Jiteanu, p. 102
6659:"Her Fortune Transferred", in
6650:Ion, pp. 269, 283â284, 287â288
6103:Moldovo-Pridnestrovskii Region
5665:, Vol. XXV, 1942â1943, p. 1057
5509:, February 18â19, 1863, p. 153
5457:, Supplement Issue, 2005, p. 9
3959:Georgescu-BuzÄu, pp. 26, 27â29
3554:
3545:
3536:
3513:
3492:
3483:
3130:, who died in 1893. A sequel,
2753:US diplomatic agent in Romania
2224:
1978:agents of the Ottoman Empire.
1717:, which supported a political
1461:
1092:Gabrielle Anne "Countess Dash"
806:, was being recognized by the
787:; his great-grandfather was a
732:SociĂŠtĂŠ astronomique de France
1:
8313:19th-century Romanian farmers
8288:Romanian Land Forces officers
8183:National supreme court judges
7678:, Vol. XIII, 2014, pp. 70â78.
7575:, Vol. 11, 1980, pp. 211â232.
7403:
6779:"Rezultatul C. I CamerÄ", in
6635:"La Succession Stourdza", in
5242:"Bukarest, le 2 fĂŠvrier", in
5176:Lucaci-DÄscÄliČÄ, pp. 105â106
3533:Touchet & Klumpke, p. 112
3055:'s 1898 caricature of Sturdza
2966:
2491:appendant body of Freemasonry
2304:safety to the Jewish locals.
2056:Romanian Assembly of Deputies
1603:Polish revolutionary diaspora
1417:was living at the Bogoridis'
1413:, and mistreatead prisoners.
1154:Moldavian Metropolitan Church
864:Grigore began service in the
729:In her 1901 obituary for the
710:, and that it ultimately had
628:, Sturdza became a committed
584:Romanian Assembly of Deputies
244:various illegitimate children
8413:Romanian classical composers
8403:Romanian patrons of the arts
8388:19th-century philanthropists
8248:Military personnel from IaČi
8178:19th-century Romanian judges
8153:Members of the Ad hoc Divans
8082:, January 1901, pp. 112â114.
8071:, Vol. 3, 2006, pp. 111â122.
7995:Memoriile SecČiunii Istorice
7491:Buletinul Monumente Či Muzee
7319:Argetoianu (1998), pp. 35â36
6623:Rosetti (2017), pp. 632, 635
6503:Rosetti (2017), pp. 179, 629
6210:Lucian-Vasile Szabo, "De la
6141:, December 4, 1879, pp. 1, 2
5663:Memoriile SecČiunii Istorice
5624:Hasdeu & OpriČan, p. 117
5444:, December 11, 1863, p. 1097
4888:, p. 353; Corivan, pp. 38â42
3404:was signed in August 1913.
3224:, who had helped popularize
2761:Order of the Star of Romania
2554:Romanian War of Independence
2325:Free and Independent Faction
1200:, forcing her to cross into
757:Greek Revolution in Moldavia
659:
634:Romanian War of Independence
407:Moldavian Revolution of 1848
7:
8428:Romanian male weightlifters
8373:Romanian newspaper founders
8348:Aviation history of Romania
8188:Constitutional court judges
8089:, Vol. XII, 2010, pp. 35â50
7781:, Vol. IX, 2010, pp. 67â72.
7621:, Vol. II, 2016, pp. 27â36.
7082:Beldiman, pp. 52â55, 62, 66
6932:Rosetti (2017), pp. 629â630
6865:Rosetti (2017), pp. 628â629
6847:, Vol. I, 1964, pp. 304â305
6839:Victoria Ionescu, "Albumul
5371:Rosetti (1907), pp. 332â333
4090:Narcotice ĂŽn cultura românÄ
3679:Rosetti (2017), pp. 174â175
3560:Rosetti (2017), pp. 626â627
2774:
1730:as their rival candidates.
1425:7th arrondissement of Paris
1399:Manolache Costache Epureanu
859:
541:Manolache Costache Epureanu
527:. During these events, the
384:1834â1849, 1852â1858, 1860s
10:
8514:
8443:People from Beletsky Uyezd
8298:Romanian writers in French
7894:, Vol. V, 1962, pp. 71â84.
7670:Simion-Alexandru GavriČ, "
7458:, Vol. L, 2013, pp. 51â68.
6843:de N. Petrescu GÄinÄ", in
6809:"Ultime informaČiuni", in
6440:, September 17, 1888, p. 2
6388:, January 25, 1882, p. 271
6275:A. Stan, pp. 157, 161, 163
5552:SlÄvescu (1941), pp. 31â33
5034:, p. 4. VÄlenii de Munte:
3995:Georgescu-BuzÄu, pp. 29â30
3670:, Vol. 17, 1981, pp. 83â84
3148:nonillions of trentillions
3098:beard" and 1870s clothes.
2548:National-Democratic leader
1859:. This move was curbed by
1804:Alexandre Colonna-Walewski
866:Moldavian princely militia
596:, he participated in the "
521:Moldavian princely militia
367:Moldavian princely militia
237:Dimitrie Pavelescu-Sturdza
234:CosticÄ ČtefÄnescu-Sturdza
8498:Burials at Bellu Cemetery
8318:Romanian agriculturalists
7829:Editura pentru LiteraturÄ
7808:Union of Poles of Romania
7367:Argetoianu (2001), p. 302
6886:Mariu Theodorian-Carada,
6785:, November 28, 1895, p. 1
6663:, November 30, 1892, p. 6
6485:, Issue 115/1889, pp. 2â3
6192:, December 30, 1879, p. 3
6122:, pp. 99â100. Bucharest:
6044:ČtirbÄČ, pp. 124â125, 127
5300:Xenopol, pp. 26â27, 41â42
4982:Corivan, pp. 39â41, 44â48
4853:"ExtĂŠrieur. Turquie", in
4663:Chudzikowska, pp. 219â220
3578:Rosetti (2017), pp. 94â95
3329:
3220:by its sponsored author,
2820:elections in October 1888
2763:by Carol. From May 1883,
2403:" was consecrated in the
2362:Sfântul Spiridon Hospital
2093:Prime Minister of Romania
1756:Journal de Constantinople
1643:, who is riding a steed.
1246:on the land he leased in
1136:in 1844 (oil painting by
850:Konstantin Aleksandrovich
813:Russo-Turkish War of 1828
572:princely election of 1858
433:
402:
388:
380:
362:
321:
309:
304:
300:
292:
282:
274:
264:
252:
231:Dimitrie Popovici-Sturdza
207:
184:
166:
146:
119:
115:
104:
94:
86:
81:
70:
62:
54:
49:Heir-apparent of Moldavia
47:
35:
26:
21:
8393:Romanian philanthropists
8333:Romanian astrophysicists
8323:19th-century astronomers
7806:, pp. 104â113. Suceava:
7705:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
7292:, October 29, 1903, p. 3
7163:Argetoianu (1998), p. 35
7030:, December 5, 1933, p. 3
6954:Cantacuzène, pp. 153â154
6800:, January 26, 1896, p. 3
6761:, January 13, 1896, p. 1
6641:, October 25, 1897, p. 3
6339:BacalbaČa (1927), p. 253
6251:SlÄvescu (1942), p. 1347
6233:BacalbaČa (1927), p. 245
6156:, December 5, 1879, p. 3
5995:Cristofor, pp. 27â28, 32
5893:, Issue 53/1871, pp. 1â2
5822:SlÄvescu (1942), p. 1304
5804:Bogdan, pp. 135â136, 138
5786:, February 9, 1876, p. 1
5543:, April 20, 1863, p. 349
3442:
3231:
3115:Ăcole normale supĂŠrieure
2582:Politische Correspondenz
2329:Constantin A. CreČulescu
2242:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
2147:PolishâRussian civil war
2124:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
2024:. As noted by historian
1342:Wallachian intellectual
1047:, who served in 1841 as
839:Ottoman Foreign Minister
673:, Grigore's family, the
222:Elena Sturdza BârlÄdeanu
216:Dimitrie Grigore Sturdza
8193:Romanian legal scholars
7988:Revista IstoricÄ RomânÄ
7328:Bezviconi, pp. 190, 192
7143:Le Petit Colon AlgĂŠrien
7109:Nicolae Niculescu-BuzÄu
6967:, August 26, 1879, p. 3
6830:, No. 306/1896, p. 6614
6700:, January 6, 1885, p. 1
6386:Innsbrucher Nachrichten
6266:, June 3, 1880, pp. 1â2
5853:BacalbaČa (1927), p. 26
5755:, July 27, 1867, p. 625
5740:, Issue 56/1867, p. 224
5680:, Issue 26/1866, p. 104
4612:Fotino, pp. 88, 91, 108
4415:Berindei, pp. 55, 68â69
3818:Berceanu, p. 168; BuČÄ
3476:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
3308:Nicolae Niculescu-BuzÄu
2881:as a cold or a case of
2849:Franco-Russian Alliance
2672:tyranny of the majority
2140:Ădouard Drouyn de Lhuys
2064:motion of no confidence
1815:, which was put out by
1800:French Foreign Minister
1796:Jean Alexandre Vaillant
1673:Grigore Alexandru Ghica
1474:Sturdza, attributed to
959:. In a sarcastic note,
669:As reported by scholar
75:Grigore Alexandru Ghica
66:Dimitrie Mihail Sturdza
8408:19th-century composers
8383:Moldavian slave owners
8363:19th-century essayists
8203:Romanian police chiefs
8168:19th-century diplomats
8008:Ion Ionescu de la Brad
7942:, pp. 91â116. Lleida:
7892:Romanoslavica. Istorie
7699:I. Samitca Či D. BaraČ
7693:(editor: I. Jiteanu),
7628:(1838â1842) (II)", in
7385:Rosetti (2017), p. 628
7259:, Issue 227/1914, p. 2
6905:, Issue 232/1908, p. 1
6856:Rosetti (2017), p. 180
6614:Rosetti (2017), p. 636
6578:Rosetti (2017), p. 632
6375:Nicolescu, pp. 449â450
6116:Čerban RÄdulescu-Zoner
6035:. See also Vlad, p. 47
6004:Rosetti (2017), p. 631
5977:Rosetti (2017), p. 629
5689:Rosetti (2017), p. 467
5435:Ion Ionescu de la Brad
5425:Rosetti (1907), p. 374
5407:Rosetti (1907), p. 372
5246:, Issue 7/1859, p. 105
5110:Berceanu, pp. 176, 177
5083:Rosetti (2017), p. 357
4991:Corivan, pp. 41, 42â43
4857:, Issue 142/1858, p. 2
4804:, Issue 118/1857, p. 1
4681:, Issue 7/1859, p. 105
4543:Rosetti (2017), p. 179
4397:, Issue 152/1896, p. 1
4344:Rosetti (2017), p. 136
4063:, Issue 530/1845, p. 2
4048:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 31
4007:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 30
3973:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 29
3809:Georgescu-BuzÄu, p. 27
3778:Rosetti (2017), p. 175
3623:Ion, pp. 284, 290, 298
3191:Alexandru Grigore SuČu
3128:Constantin CÄpitÄneanu
3053:Nicolae Petrescu GÄinÄ
3036:Nicolae Petrescu GÄinÄ
2602:Čerban RÄdulescu-Zoner
2514:National Liberal Party
2510:elections of that year
2366:election of March 1869
2012:Constantin N. BrÄiloiu
1945:Henry Adrian Churchill
1692:
1478:
1411:Georgios Kantakouzinos
1244:Ion Ionescu de la Brad
1141:
953:Alexander von Humboldt
945:Heinrich Gustav Magnus
943:, and technology with
783:), Grigore was partly
745:Bessarabia Governorate
645:National Liberal Party
440:Grigore Mihail Sturdza
137:Bessarabia Governorate
22:Grigore Mihail Sturdza
8423:Romanian bodybuilders
8263:Ottoman Army generals
8208:Romanian nationalists
8058:IaČii de odinioarÄ, I
7873:, Vol. I. Bucharest:
7871:Junimea Či junimismul
7855:George D. Nicolescu,
7761:Adrian-Silvan Ionescu
7477:Editura EnciclopedicÄ
7418:Constantin Argetoianu
7358:, October 1973, p. 25
6556:Adrian-Silvan Ionescu
6321:, Issue 11/1881, p. 2
6318:Gazet'a Transilvaniei
6186:"Arena ziarelor", in
6150:"Arena ziarelor", in
6077:Hans-Lothar Steppan,
6068:, Issue 13/1878, p. 1
6065:Gazet'a Transilvaniei
5986:Cristofor, pp. 28, 32
5871:Panu, pp. 28, 125â126
5835:, Issue 21/1871, p. 2
5677:Gazet'a Transilvaniei
5597:Panaitescu, pp. 76â77
5273:Berceanu, pp. 180â181
5244:MĂŠmorial Diplomatique
5203:Berceanu, pp. 179â180
5194:CernÄtescu, pp. 39â40
5092:Berceanu, pp. 174â176
4942:Berceanu, pp. 170â172
4866:Panaitescu, pp. 73â76
4822:Berceanu, pp. 170â171
4696:Adrian-Silvan Ionescu
4679:MĂŠmorial Diplomatique
4335:, p. 438; Ion, p. 296
3900:CernÄtescu, pp. 39â41
3840:Costescu, pp. 328â329
3569:Ion, pp. 269, 281â283
3415:, housing victims of
3081:Grigore passed for a
2908:United States dollars
2678:line embraced by the
2495:early flying machines
2354:Teodor Boldur-LÄČescu
2277:Carol of Hohenzollern
2049:"Monstrous coalition"
1983:MĂŠmorial Diplomatique
1921:United Principalities
1917:election in Wallachia
1817:Constantin Hurmuzachi
1765:MĂŠmorial Diplomatique
1686:
1661:Charles George Gordon
1607:Ottoman General Staff
1559:Ion Heliade RÄdulescu
1469:
1364:Viscount d'Arlincourt
1330:by acquiring his own
1166:French Prime Minister
1131:
1068:Farmazonul din HârlÄu
1060:Moldavian Freemasonry
957:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
817:Imperial Russian Army
804:Ioan "IoniČÄ" Sturdza
665:Origins and childhood
588:projected land reform
576:United Principalities
493:, a scion of ancient
381:Years of service
357:United Principalities
240:Mihai Grigore Sturdza
8328:Romanian astronomers
8308:Scientists from IaČi
8213:Romanian monarchists
7944:University of Lleida
7626:Gazeta Transilvaniei
7438:Constantin BacalbaČa
7256:Gazeta Transilvaniei
7138:Gazeta Transilvaniei
7115:, p. 91. Bucharest:
6963:"Telha musical", in
6902:Gazeta Transilvaniei
6815:, May 19, 1898, p. 3
6753:Constantin BacalbaČa
6728:, May 14, 1895, p. 2
6694:"Cronica zilei", in
6482:Gazeta Transilvaniei
6260:"Cronica zilei", in
6013:Bogdan, pp. 199, 202
5795:Nicolescu, pp. 68â69
5606:V. Stan, pp. 389â390
5579:Ciobanu, pp. 181â182
5212:Ciobanu, pp. 178â179
4585:, May 16, 1898, p. 2
4503:Chudzikowska, p. 219
4394:Gazeta Transilvaniei
4166:, p. 77. Bucharest:
3318:died on January 26 (
3222:Alexandru Macedonski
3110:SociĂŠtĂŠ astronomique
3021:Constantin Stoicescu
2738:DemocraČia NaČionalÄ
2732:According to writer
2723:Constantin BacalbaČa
2719:DemocraČia NaČionalÄ
2684:DemocraČia NaČionalÄ
2639:DemocraČia NaČionalÄ
2631:DemocraČia NaČionalÄ
2570:Ion Emanuel Florescu
2556:, which saw Romania
2401:Republic of PloieČti
2380:In January 1870 the
2164:George Barbu Čtirbei
2109:ultra-liberal "Reds"
2022:Ion Emanuel Florescu
2017:Regulamentul Organic
1915:. Cuza's subsequent
1780:Second French Empire
1744:election of December
1586:Romanian nationalism
1476:Wilhelm von Kaulbach
1040:Countess Dash affair
1015:weighing some 1,100
822:Regulamentul Organic
687:Alexandru LÄpuČneanu
603:With the arrival of
375:Romanian Land Forces
8483:Romanian Freemasons
8448:People from Sculeni
8198:Prefects of Romania
8069:Historical Yearbook
7888:Petre P. Panaitescu
7691:Constantin Hamangiu
7073:Marino, pp. 238â239
7061:Convorbiri Literare
6874:Cantacuzène, p. 153
6602:Convorbiri Literare
6537:, May 8, 1897, p. 2
6519:Cantacuzène, p. 154
6449:"InformaČiuni", in
6201:Ornea, pp. 275, 277
6165:Ornea, pp. 274, 278
6114:Gheorghe N. CÄzan,
5862:A. Stan, pp. 99â100
5764:Bogdan, pp. 105â114
4844:Xenopol, pp. 24, 29
4773:Alexandru Cretzianu
4353:Cantacuzène, p. 152
3766:Dobozi, pp. 119â120
3417:thiamine deficiency
3402:Treaty of Bucharest
3247:Constantin Dissescu
3067:Sturdza's grave at
2562:Jewish emancipation
2335:. That same month,
2168:monstrous coalition
1896:could not win. The
1846:Petre P. Panaitescu
1657:Southern Bessarabia
1536:Italian unification
1391:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1324:Kingdom of Sardinia
1310:with a view of the
1146:Constantin Negruzzi
1070:("The Freemason of
1056:Turkish Freemasonry
886:Mihail KogÄlniceanu
854:Alexander Gorchakov
842:Mustafa ReĹid Pasha
679:Empire of Trebizond
598:monstrous coalition
568:Southern Bessarabia
537:Mihail KogÄlniceanu
533:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
425:Battle of Eupatoria
8438:Romanian murderers
8433:Romanian duellists
8368:Romanian essayists
8338:Aviation inventors
8233:Cavalry commanders
8223:Nobility from IaČi
8218:Moldavian nobility
7755:CercetÄri Istorice
7553:Paul Cernovodeanu
7463:Revista de Istorie
7054:Elena VulcÄnescu,
6827:Gazzetta Ufficiale
6755:, "Discordia", in
6661:The Ceredo Advance
5737:Telegrafulu Romanu
5659:Alexandru Lapedatu
5389:Xenopol, pp. 93â94
5362:Xenopol, pp. 49â50
5323:Xenopol, pp. 45â46
4594:Xenopol, pp. 41â42
4385:Anghel Demetriescu
4179:Sion, pp. 137, 325
4168:Carol I Foundation
4060:Le Constitutionnel
3195:Paris Conservatory
3136:Camille Flammarion
2904:Court of Cassation
2767:Grigore served in
2745:Kingdom of Romania
2703:Slavic nationalism
2646:Grigore H. Grandea
2623:Conservative Party
2101:Nicolae CreČulescu
1981:In February 1859,
1975:Polish nationalism
1948:toward recovering
1923:"; he was crowned
1788:Alexandru II Ghica
1693:
1679:1858â1859 election
1517:Battle of OlteniČa
1479:
1470:1850s portrait of
1368:MichaĂŤl le Moldave
1142:
1138:Charles de Steuben
1066:in his 1840 play,
965:Hegel's philosophy
793:Gregory Callimachi
647:in the 1890s. The
442:, first name also
417:Battle of OlteniČa
225:Grigore G. Sturdza
161:Kingdom of Romania
95:Prince of Moldavia
8418:Male bodybuilders
8358:Writers from IaČi
8343:Aviation pioneers
8253:Romanian generals
8101:Cartea RomâneascÄ
8065:Pedemonte et Fils
8002:Victor SlÄvescu,
7959:, "Roumania", in
7952:978-84-8409-671-9
7932:978-973-50-5683-4
7851:978-606-573-162-2
7816:978-973-0-17455-7
7798:978-90-04-18779-5
7739:978-973-120-054-5
7731:AghiuČÄ 1863â1864
7672:Ein Bildungsroman
7644:Monitorul Oficial
7603:George Costescu,
7592:978-606-8550-08-4
7548:Cetatea CulturalÄ
7535:978-973-27-2004-2
7527:Editura Academiei
7512:Cartea RomâneascÄ
7446:Editura Ziarului
7350:Duiliu Zamfirescu
7277:Bezviconi, p. 190
6965:DiĂĄrio Illustrado
6546:Ion, pp. 281, 297
6531:"InformaČiÄ", in
6494:ČuČu, pp. 5â6, 90
6424:978-9975-9529-0-3
6397:Gane, pp. 278â281
6293:"Les on-dit", in
6053:Nicolescu, p. 369
5282:Panaitescu, p. 77
5221:Panaitescu, p. 73
5167:Panaitescu, p. 75
5009:Panaitescu, p. 76
4813:CernÄtescu, p. 42
4260:Tomi, pp. 116â120
4241:978-9975-63-320-8
4102:978-973-46-1711-1
3757:GavriČ, pp. 76â77
3409:fall of Bucharest
3398:Duiliu Zamfirescu
3360:Antoine Bourdelle
3199:1873 World's Fair
3180:DiĂĄrio Illustrado
3174:. As reported by
3172:Gioachino Rossini
3168:Gaetano Donizetti
3118:, studying under
2981:Čtefan C. Čendrea
2859:General Brialmont
2807:poet-journalist,
2801:Danube Commission
2785:Miroslav Hubmajer
2657:Romanian Atheneum
2627:Tsarist autocracy
2590:Balkan federalism
2417:absolute monarchy
2405:May 1871 election
2397:Elisabeth of Wied
2333:1866 Constitution
2206:Dimitrie BrÄtianu
2155:Zygmunt MiĹkowski
2073:square kilometers
2043:major land reform
1813:ConstituČionariul
1665:Danubian Cossacks
1649:Wallachian Prince
1620:Brigadier General
1599:MichaĹ Czajkowski
1569:âwho knew him as
1442:Slatina Monastery
1433:absentee landlord
1420:hĂ´tel particulier
1217:KĂślnische Zeitung
1150:Eastern Orthodoxy
1111:protection racket
1107:leasehold estates
1064:Vasile Alecsandri
949:Leopold von Ranke
937:political economy
925:Berlin University
882:Kingdom of France
800:Ottoman vassalage
708:Hungarian ThurzĂłs
564:Brigadier General
556:MichaĹ Czajkowski
450:, last name also
437:
436:
393:Brigadier General
287:Romanian Orthodox
111:(claim renounced)
8505:
8238:Military snipers
8228:Romanian outlaws
8076:Dorothea Klumpke
8051:Revista IstoricÄ
8044:Revista IstoricÄ
8030:Editura Albatros
7598:Revista IstoricÄ
7398:
7395:
7386:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7368:
7365:
7359:
7347:
7341:
7335:
7329:
7326:
7320:
7317:
7311:
7308:
7302:
7299:
7293:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7269:
7266:
7260:
7251:
7242:
7239:
7233:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7206:
7203:
7197:
7196:Ion, pp. 298â299
7194:
7188:
7187:Ion, pp. 301â302
7185:
7179:
7170:
7164:
7161:
7155:
7152:
7146:
7133:
7127:
7106:
7097:
7096:Ion, pp. 299â300
7094:
7083:
7080:
7074:
7071:
7065:
7064:, September 2010
7053:
7049:
7040:
7037:
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6801:
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6786:
6777:
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6768:
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6750:
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6707:
6701:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6677:
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6657:
6651:
6648:
6642:
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6594:
6588:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6567:
6564:Revista IstoricÄ
6553:
6547:
6544:
6538:
6529:
6520:
6517:
6504:
6501:
6495:
6492:
6486:
6477:
6471:
6462:
6456:
6447:
6441:
6432:
6426:
6408:Alexandru BantoČ
6404:
6398:
6395:
6389:
6382:
6376:
6373:
6367:
6366:Schuyler, p. 983
6364:
6358:
6357:Schuyler, p. 981
6355:
6349:
6346:
6340:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6322:
6310:
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6291:
6285:
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6148:
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6127:
6112:
6106:
6099:
6093:
6075:
6069:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6036:
6029:
6023:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6005:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5969:
5962:
5956:
5949:
5943:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5894:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5854:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5836:
5831:"Alegerile", in
5829:
5823:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5796:
5793:
5787:
5784:AlegÄtorul Liber
5780:
5765:
5762:
5756:
5747:
5741:
5732:
5726:
5714:, p. 428. IaČi:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5674:"Bucuresci", in
5672:
5666:
5656:
5650:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5625:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5544:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5510:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5458:
5451:
5445:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5390:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5342:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5301:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5265:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5247:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5123:
5122:Berceanu, p. 178
5120:
5111:
5108:
5102:
5101:MeteČ, pp. 47â48
5099:
5093:
5090:
5084:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5039:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4992:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4965:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4925:
4924:MeteČ, pp. 35â40
4922:
4916:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4889:
4882:
4876:
4875:Berceanu, p. 169
4873:
4867:
4864:
4858:
4855:L'Ăcho Saumurois
4851:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4805:
4798:
4792:
4791:Berceanu, p. 168
4789:
4780:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4752:Revista IstoricÄ
4748:
4742:
4735:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4707:
4700:Revista IstoricÄ
4688:
4682:
4675:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4645:
4639:
4632:
4626:
4623:Revista IstoricÄ
4619:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4586:
4577:
4566:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4532:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4504:
4501:
4495:
4494:Ion, pp. 295â296
4492:
4486:
4483:
4474:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4455:Ion, pp. 291â296
4453:
4447:
4446:Ion, pp. 283â284
4444:
4438:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4367:
4364:Revista IstoricÄ
4360:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4336:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4229:Valeriu Dulgheru
4225:Valerian Dorogan
4215:
4209:
4199:
4193:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4157:
4151:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4126:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4104:
4092:, p. 196. IaČi:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4064:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4005:
3996:
3993:
3987:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3901:
3898:
3892:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3870:
3863:
3857:
3850:
3841:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3801:
3800:Ion, pp. 281â283
3798:
3792:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3767:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3746:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3719:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3615:
3614:Ion, pp. 281â282
3612:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3499:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3457:
3433:Romanian Riviera
3421:Victor Antonescu
3390:Romanian Revival
3379:
3364:VÄcÄreČti Prison
3344:Agapia Monastery
3324:double pneumonia
3310:and drank "only
3260:
3211:
3107:
3069:Agapia Monastery
3064:
3049:
3033:
3018:Foreign Minister
2940:Eugeniu StÄtescu
2922:in damages. The
2742:
2688:
2669:
2661:in-depth defense
2643:
2586:Treaty of Berlin
2578:Northern Dobruja
2487:
2481:." In 1874, the
2463:Western Moldavia
2423:colonization by
2394:
2376:"White" politico
2347:
2317:Nicu Ceaur-Aslan
2261:
2237:
2132:Petre Mavrogheni
1887:
1711:Nicolae Vogoride
1691:in December 1857
1636:) standing near
1583:
1567:Gheorghe Magheru
1237:
1202:Austrian Galicia
961:GĂŠrard de Nerval
913:French Gymnasium
737:Dorothea Klumpke
716:Vlad the Impaler
699:
580:loyal opposition
554:, serving under
421:Battle of Cetate
355:
354:
344:
342:
341:
332:
330:
329:
177:Agapia Monastery
153:
150:January 26, 1901
129:
127:
40:
19:
18:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8504:
8503:
8502:
8108:
8107:
8106:
7981:Victor SlÄvescu
7971:Constantin Sion
7957:Eugene Schuyler
7875:Editura Minerva
7684:Magazin Istoric
7650:Constantin Gane
7406:
7401:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7371:
7366:
7362:
7355:Magazin Istoric
7348:
7344:
7336:
7332:
7327:
7323:
7318:
7314:
7309:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7285:
7281:
7276:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7252:
7245:
7240:
7236:
7231:
7227:
7222:
7218:
7213:
7209:
7204:
7200:
7195:
7191:
7186:
7182:
7171:
7167:
7162:
7158:
7153:
7149:
7134:
7130:
7107:
7100:
7095:
7086:
7081:
7077:
7072:
7068:
7051:
7050:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7023:
6998:
6987:
6980:
6975:
6971:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6940:
6936:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6909:
6898:
6894:
6885:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6838:
6834:
6823:
6819:
6808:
6804:
6793:
6789:
6778:
6774:
6769:
6765:
6751:
6747:
6743:, July 11, 1895
6736:
6732:
6723:
6719:
6708:
6704:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6680:
6671:
6667:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6634:
6627:
6622:
6618:
6613:
6609:
6595:
6591:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6570:
6554:
6550:
6545:
6541:
6530:
6523:
6518:
6507:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6489:
6478:
6474:
6463:
6459:
6448:
6444:
6433:
6429:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6392:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6352:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6334:
6329:
6325:
6311:
6307:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6270:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6232:
6228:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6196:
6185:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6160:
6149:
6145:
6134:
6130:
6113:
6109:
6100:
6096:
6076:
6072:
6061:
6057:
6052:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6030:
6026:
6022:A. Stan, p. 113
6021:
6017:
6012:
6008:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5963:
5959:
5950:
5946:
5937:
5933:
5928:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5911:A. Stan, p. 100
5910:
5906:
5901:
5897:
5888:
5884:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5830:
5826:
5821:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5781:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5748:
5744:
5733:
5729:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5673:
5669:
5657:
5653:
5641:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5522:
5518:V. Stan, p. 388
5517:
5513:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5466:Xenopol, p. 101
5465:
5461:
5452:
5448:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5420:
5416:Xenopol, p. 143
5415:
5411:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5291:IvÄnescu, p. 72
5290:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:IvÄnescu, p. 70
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5241:
5237:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5193:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:ČuČu, pp. 57â58
5046:
5042:
5036:Neamul Românesc
5026:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4783:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4749:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4694:, pp. 332â333;
4689:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4629:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4526:
4522:
4514:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:Berindei, p. 59
4405:
4401:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4290:
4286:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4220:Magazin Istoric
4216:
4212:
4200:
4196:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4158:
4154:
4144:G. T. Kirileanu
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4086:Andrei OiČteanu
4084:
4080:
4071:
4067:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3977:
3972:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3942:
3938:
3929:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3466:"Sturdza"
3458:
3449:
3445:
3386:Grigore Cerchez
3377:
3332:
3304:sketch comedies
3258:
3243:Calea Victoriei
3234:
3209:
3140:Jacques Babinet
3105:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3031:
3025:Oriental crises
2969:
2855:Triple Alliance
2840:French Republic
2836:Theodor Rosetti
2797:Austria-Hungary
2777:
2751:, as the first
2749:Eugene Schuyler
2740:
2734:Constantin Gane
2686:
2667:
2653:Alecu D. Holban
2641:
2550:
2485:
2392:
2378:
2358:Romanian Police
2345:
2338:Gazetta de IaČÄ
2321:Nicolae Iamandi
2269:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2238:
2227:
2215:LascÄr Catargiu
2172:Pierre Baragnon
2079:to function as
2051:
1995:more division.
1970:Silistra Eyalet
1950:Congress Poland
1906:
1885:
1869:Colonel Pisoski
1681:
1653:Treaty of Paris
1581:
1528:enemy combatant
1505:Turkish Cossack
1464:
1450:LascÄr Catargiu
1446:Moldavian Poles
1344:Mihalache Ghica
1320:Gheorghe Asachi
1284:
1282:1848 Revolution
1235:
1169:François Guizot
1119:NeamČ Monastery
1042:
902:Russian Emperor
898:July Revolution
862:
846:Stefan Bogoridi
765:Austrian Empire
739:noted that the
720:Constantin Sion
700:s grandfather,
697:
667:
662:
466:(also known as
429:
409:
395:
373:
371:Ottoman cavalry
369:
349:
348:
339:
337:
336:
327:
325:
316:
314:
305:Military career
248:
203:
180:
175:
155:
151:
131:
125:
123:
58:ca. 1840 â 1849
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8511:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8128:Sturdza family
8125:
8120:
8105:
8104:
8090:
8083:
8072:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8024:Apostol Stan,
8022:
8015:
8000:
7999:
7998:
7991:
7978:
7968:
7954:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7917:
7905:
7895:
7885:
7864:
7853:
7839:
7834:Čtefan MeteČ,
7832:
7818:
7800:
7784:Angela Jianu,
7782:
7775:
7758:
7751:
7741:
7727:
7702:
7688:
7679:
7668:
7647:
7633:
7622:
7615:
7601:
7594:
7576:
7569:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7515:
7501:
7496:N. A. Bogdan,
7494:
7487:
7466:
7459:
7452:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7427:
7415:
7412:Foaia PopularÄ
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7387:
7378:
7369:
7360:
7342:
7330:
7321:
7312:
7303:
7294:
7279:
7270:
7261:
7243:
7241:Marino, p. 239
7234:
7225:
7216:
7207:
7198:
7189:
7180:
7165:
7156:
7147:
7128:
7098:
7084:
7075:
7066:
7041:
7032:
6996:
6994:, 2013, p. 121
6978:
6969:
6956:
6947:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6892:
6876:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6832:
6817:
6802:
6787:
6772:
6763:
6745:
6730:
6724:"Cronica", in
6717:
6702:
6697:România LiberÄ
6687:
6678:
6674:Foaia PopularÄ
6672:"Cronica", in
6665:
6652:
6643:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6597:I. E. TorouČiu
6589:
6580:
6568:
6548:
6539:
6521:
6505:
6496:
6487:
6472:
6457:
6442:
6427:
6399:
6390:
6377:
6368:
6359:
6350:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6305:
6301:Observatoriulu
6286:
6277:
6268:
6263:România LiberÄ
6253:
6244:
6235:
6226:
6203:
6194:
6189:România LiberÄ
6176:
6167:
6158:
6153:România LiberÄ
6143:
6138:România LiberÄ
6128:
6107:
6094:
6070:
6055:
6046:
6037:
6024:
6015:
6006:
5997:
5988:
5979:
5970:
5957:
5944:
5931:
5922:
5913:
5904:
5895:
5882:
5873:
5864:
5855:
5846:
5844:A. Stan, p. 99
5837:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5797:
5788:
5766:
5757:
5742:
5727:
5700:
5698:Fotino, p. 407
5691:
5682:
5667:
5651:
5635:
5626:
5617:
5608:
5599:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5554:
5545:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5446:
5427:
5418:
5409:
5400:
5398:Xenopol, p. 95
5391:
5382:
5380:Xenopol, p. 55
5373:
5364:
5355:
5353:Xenopol, p. 50
5343:
5341:Xenopol, p. 46
5334:
5332:Xenopol, p. 47
5325:
5316:
5302:
5293:
5284:
5275:
5266:
5257:
5248:
5235:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5124:
5112:
5103:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4973:Corivan, p. 39
4966:
4960:Daniel Clain,
4953:
4944:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4877:
4868:
4859:
4846:
4837:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4793:
4781:
4765:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4708:
4683:
4665:
4656:
4640:
4627:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4567:
4554:
4545:
4533:
4520:
4505:
4496:
4487:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4437:, pp. 705, 706
4426:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4387:, "Foiletonul
4377:
4368:
4355:
4346:
4337:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4210:
4194:
4181:
4172:
4152:
4136:
4127:
4114:
4105:
4078:
4065:
4050:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4009:
3997:
3988:
3975:
3961:
3952:
3936:
3923:
3914:
3902:
3893:
3880:
3871:
3858:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3780:
3768:
3759:
3747:
3734:
3732:Schopp, p. 101
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3681:
3672:
3664:Andrei Pippidi
3656:
3647:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3521:
3512:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3471:Chisholm, Hugh
3446:
3444:
3441:
3356:Bellu Cemetery
3336:Foaia PopularÄ
3331:
3328:
3289:Paul Zarifopol
3285:Veronica Micle
3233:
3230:
3203:Amicii Artelor
3156:Richard Wagner
3144:astrochemistry
3066:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3040:
2968:
2965:
2809:Mihai Eminescu
2799:for using the
2776:
2773:
2769:Dimitrie Ghica
2635:Christian Tell
2549:
2546:
2443:Titu Maiorescu
2413:Iacob Negruzzi
2377:
2374:
2341:published the
2263:
2256:
2255:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:Dimitrie Ghica
2213:like Sturdza,
2181:literacy tests
2111:. Their doyen
2083:, introducing
2060:land value tax
2050:
2047:
2014:, argued that
1905:
1902:
1861:Costache Rolla
1748:Anastasie Panu
1728:Costache Negri
1715:National Party
1680:
1677:
1669:Bolgrad County
1655:in respect to
1622:; he was also
1463:
1460:
1440:, part of the
1352:Pavel Kiselyov
1312:CeahlÄu Massif
1283:
1280:
1268:Suceava County
1256:Wallachian Rom
1224:'s daughters.
1222:Ivan Paskevich
1041:
1038:
1005:Beizadea ViČel
861:
858:
802:. A relative,
773:Rosetti family
666:
663:
661:
658:
638:Prime Minister
491:Mihail Sturdza
476:Beizadea ViČel
472:George Mukhlis
435:
434:
431:
430:
428:
427:
413:
404:
400:
399:
390:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
364:
360:
359:
346:Ottoman Empire
323:
319:
318:
315:Beizadea ViČel
311:
307:
306:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
269:Mihail Sturdza
266:
262:
261:
256:
250:
249:
247:
246:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:Gheorghe Boboc
226:
223:
220:
217:
213:
211:
205:
204:
202:
201:
198:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
172:Bellu Cemetery
170:
168:
164:
163:
154:(aged 79)
148:
144:
143:
141:Russian Empire
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
106:
102:
101:
99:Mihail Sturdza
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8510:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8102:
8099:. Bucharest:
8098:
8094:
8093:A. D. Xenopol
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8077:
8074:Em. Touchet,
8073:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8059:
8056:Rudolf ČuČu,
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8041:
8039:
8038:973-24-0357-8
8035:
8031:
8028:. Bucharest:
8027:
8023:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7996:
7992:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7972:
7969:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7922:. Bucharest:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7883:973-21-0562-3
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:. Bucharest:
7858:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7833:
7830:
7827:. Bucharest:
7826:
7822:
7821:Adrian Marino
7819:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7776:
7774:
7773:973-98919-8-5
7770:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7715:. Bucharest:
7714:
7710:
7709:Mircea Eliade
7706:
7703:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:. Bucharest:
7641:
7637:
7636:George Fotino
7634:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7568:
7567:973-27-1129-9
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7525:. Bucharest:
7524:
7520:
7517:Daniela BuČÄ
7516:
7513:
7510:. Bucharest:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7488:
7486:
7485:973-45-0241-7
7482:
7478:
7475:. Bucharest:
7474:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7444:. Bucharest:
7443:
7439:
7436:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7408:
7394:
7392:
7382:
7373:
7364:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7334:
7325:
7316:
7307:
7298:
7291:
7290:
7283:
7274:
7265:
7258:
7257:
7250:
7248:
7238:
7229:
7220:
7211:
7202:
7193:
7184:
7177:
7176:
7169:
7160:
7151:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7126:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7105:
7103:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7079:
7070:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7052:(in Romanian)
7048:
7046:
7036:
7029:
7028:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6993:
6992:
6985:
6983:
6973:
6966:
6960:
6951:
6944:
6938:
6929:
6920:
6911:
6904:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6883:
6881:
6871:
6862:
6853:
6846:
6842:
6836:
6829:
6828:
6821:
6814:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6783:
6776:
6770:ČuČu, pp. 5â6
6767:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6742:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6721:
6714:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6698:
6691:
6682:
6675:
6669:
6662:
6656:
6647:
6640:
6639:
6632:
6630:
6620:
6611:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6584:
6575:
6573:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6552:
6543:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6526:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6500:
6491:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6469:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6453:
6446:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6403:
6394:
6387:
6381:
6372:
6363:
6354:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6290:
6281:
6272:
6265:
6264:
6257:
6248:
6239:
6230:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6198:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6181:
6174:Ornea, p. 274
6171:
6162:
6155:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6091:3-631-51895-1
6088:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6067:
6066:
6059:
6050:
6041:
6034:
6028:
6019:
6010:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5968:, pp. 167â168
5967:
5961:
5954:
5948:
5942:, pp. 165â168
5941:
5935:
5926:
5917:
5908:
5899:
5892:
5886:
5877:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5841:
5834:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5761:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5738:
5731:
5725:
5724:973-681-799-7
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5695:
5686:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5660:
5655:
5648:
5644:
5639:
5630:
5621:
5612:
5603:
5594:
5585:
5576:
5567:
5561:Bossy, p. 262
5558:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5533:
5524:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5499:
5490:
5481:
5472:
5463:
5456:
5450:
5443:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5422:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5348:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5297:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5252:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5158:Stroia, p. 82
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5117:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5028:Nicolae Iorga
5024:
5015:
5006:
4997:
4988:
4979:
4970:
4963:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4887:
4884:Cernovodeanu
4881:
4872:
4863:
4856:
4850:
4841:
4834:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4803:
4797:
4788:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4760:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4734:
4727:
4721:
4712:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4660:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4631:
4624:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4558:
4549:
4540:
4538:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4500:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4470:
4461:
4452:
4443:
4436:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4403:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4372:
4365:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4334:
4331:Cernovodeanu
4328:
4319:
4313:Scopp, p. 101
4310:
4301:
4294:
4291:Cernovodeanu
4288:
4281:
4278:Cernovodeanu
4275:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4203:
4202:Nicolae Iorga
4198:
4191:
4185:
4176:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4131:
4124:
4118:
4109:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4076:, pp. 437â438
4075:
4072:Cernovodeanu
4069:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4031:
4022:
4013:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3985:
3979:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3944:Nicolae Iorga
3940:
3933:
3930:Cernovodeanu
3927:
3918:
3912:GavriČ, p. 77
3909:
3907:
3897:
3890:
3887:Cernovodeanu
3884:
3875:
3868:
3862:
3855:
3852:Cernovodeanu
3849:
3847:
3837:
3828:
3821:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3790:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3763:
3754:
3752:
3744:
3741:Cernovodeanu
3738:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3709:GavriČ, p. 76
3706:
3697:
3691:GavriČ, p. 73
3688:
3686:
3676:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3632:GavriČ, p. 71
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3542:GavriČ, p. 70
3539:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3495:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:Gaster, Moses
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:L'Ordre moral
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:Louis Pasteur
3117:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2989:Nicolae Fleva
2986:
2982:
2978:
2977:D. A. Sturdza
2974:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:rolling paper
2954:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:Dutch guilder
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:typhoid fever
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:German Empire
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:Radical Party
2821:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:Russification
2712:
2711:Zamfir Arbore
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2644:s editor was
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:supermajority
2571:
2567:
2566:Gheorghe Manu
2563:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:Petre P. Carp
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:death penalty
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:(both of the
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2307:Overall, the
2305:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2285:Transylvanian
2282:
2278:
2274:
2260:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:C. A. Rosetti
2195:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2026:A. D. Xenopol
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Juliusz Demel
1959:
1958:StĂŠoa DunÄrei
1953:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1932:V. A. Urechia
1928:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1912:StĂŠoa DunÄrei
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:Nicolae Iorga
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:FÄlciu County
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:Louis Debrauz
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1723:Masonic Lodge
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:Mouhlis Pacha
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1540:Golescu-Negru
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:Dora d'Istria
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:Romani slaves
1289:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Gheorghe Sion
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1134:Countess Dash
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1082:("Mottled").
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:grip strength
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:metric pounds
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
993:
988:
987:privy council
984:
983:Byzantine law
980:
979:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:Adolph Riedel
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
836:
835:
830:
829:
824:
823:
818:
814:
809:
808:Sublime Porte
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
657:
655:
650:
646:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Germanophilia
624:
620:
619:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:Countess Dash
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
432:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
414:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
353:
347:
335:
324:
320:
312:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
267:
263:
260:
257:
255:
251:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
219:Olga Vogoridi
218:
215:
214:
212:
210:
206:
200:Ralu TurculeČ
199:
196:
193:
192:Countess Dash
190:
189:
187:
183:
178:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
90:1849 â ?
89:
85:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
20:
8096:
8086:
8079:
8068:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8025:
8018:
8011:
7994:
7987:
7974:
7960:
7939:
7919:
7913:
7908:Radu Rosetti
7901:
7891:
7870:
7861:I. V. SocecĹ
7856:
7842:
7841:Elena Monu,
7835:
7824:
7803:
7785:
7778:
7764:
7754:
7747:
7730:
7712:
7695:Rechizitorii
7694:
7682:
7675:
7671:
7657:
7653:
7639:
7629:
7625:
7618:
7604:
7597:
7583:
7580:Tahsin Gemil
7572:
7558:
7554:
7547:
7540:
7522:
7518:
7507:
7497:
7490:
7472:
7469:Dan Berindei
7462:
7455:
7447:
7441:
7429:
7423:
7411:
7381:
7372:
7363:
7353:
7345:
7338:
7333:
7324:
7315:
7306:
7297:
7287:
7282:
7273:
7264:
7254:
7237:
7232:ČuČu, p. 158
7228:
7219:
7210:
7201:
7192:
7183:
7173:
7168:
7159:
7150:
7142:
7136:
7131:
7112:
7078:
7069:
7059:
7039:ČuČu, p. 156
7035:
7025:
6989:
6976:ČuČu, p. 159
6972:
6964:
6959:
6950:
6942:
6937:
6928:
6919:
6910:
6900:
6895:
6887:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6844:
6841:Contimporani
6840:
6835:
6825:
6820:
6810:
6805:
6795:
6790:
6780:
6775:
6766:
6756:
6748:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6720:
6710:
6705:
6695:
6690:
6681:
6673:
6668:
6660:
6655:
6646:
6636:
6619:
6610:
6600:
6592:
6583:
6563:
6559:
6551:
6542:
6532:
6499:
6490:
6480:
6475:
6465:
6460:
6450:
6445:
6435:
6430:
6415:
6414:Limba RomânÄ
6411:
6402:
6393:
6385:
6380:
6371:
6362:
6353:
6348:Gane, p. 244
6344:
6335:
6326:
6316:
6308:
6300:
6294:
6289:
6280:
6271:
6261:
6256:
6247:
6238:
6229:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6206:
6197:
6187:
6170:
6161:
6151:
6146:
6136:
6131:
6119:
6110:
6102:
6097:
6078:
6073:
6063:
6058:
6049:
6040:
6032:
6027:
6018:
6009:
6000:
5991:
5982:
5973:
5965:
5960:
5952:
5947:
5939:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5898:
5891:TelegraphulĹ
5890:
5885:
5876:
5867:
5858:
5849:
5840:
5833:TelegraphulĹ
5832:
5827:
5818:
5809:
5800:
5791:
5783:
5760:
5750:
5745:
5735:
5730:
5711:
5703:
5694:
5685:
5675:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5633:Bossy, p. 71
5629:
5620:
5611:
5602:
5593:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5557:
5548:
5537:
5532:
5523:
5514:
5503:
5498:
5489:
5480:
5471:
5462:
5454:
5449:
5438:
5430:
5421:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5385:
5376:
5367:
5358:
5337:
5328:
5319:
5296:
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5243:
5238:
5231:
5230:Panaitescu,
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5163:
5154:
5145:
5140:ČuČu, p. 160
5136:
5127:
5106:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5065:Monu, p. 164
5061:
5052:
5043:
5031:
5023:
5018:MeteČ, p. 47
5014:
5005:
4996:
4987:
4978:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4947:
4938:
4933:MeteČ, p. 39
4929:
4920:
4911:
4906:Jianu, p. 48
4902:
4893:
4885:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4840:
4832:
4827:
4818:
4809:
4801:
4796:
4776:
4768:
4763:Tomi, p. 120
4759:
4751:
4746:
4738:
4733:
4725:
4720:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4686:
4678:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4630:
4622:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4580:
4562:
4557:
4548:
4528:
4523:
4515:
4499:
4490:
4469:
4460:
4451:
4442:
4434:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4375:Monu, p. 159
4371:
4363:
4358:
4349:
4340:
4332:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4265:
4256:
4251:Tomi, p. 116
4247:
4232:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4175:
4163:
4160:George Potra
4155:
4147:
4139:
4130:
4122:
4117:
4112:Sion, p. 166
4108:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4030:
4021:
4012:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3917:
3896:
3888:
3883:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3836:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3788:
3783:
3762:
3742:
3737:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3675:
3668:Ho Eranistes
3667:
3659:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3519:Sion, p. 311
3515:
3510:MeteČ, p. 37
3494:
3485:
3474:
3424:
3413:Ottoman Army
3406:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3315:
3301:
3292:
3280:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3238:
3235:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3202:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3152:
3131:
3123:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3086:
3078:
3076:
3028:
3012:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2985:Toma Stelian
2970:
2960:
2950:
2945:lèse-majestÊ
2943:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2897:
2895:
2891:calisthenics
2877:
2867:
2862:
2846:
2842:against the
2831:
2817:
2804:
2792:
2778:
2764:
2737:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2707:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2676:Germanophile
2664:
2650:
2638:
2630:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2597:
2594:
2581:
2551:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2521:
2517:
2503:
2482:
2476:
2467:
2458:TelegraphulĹ
2457:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2432:
2421:
2408:
2389:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2351:
2342:
2336:
2308:
2306:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2280:
2270:
2249:
2245:
2194:Ilfov County
2191:
2184:
2175:
2158:
2144:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2113:Ion BrÄtianu
2104:
2089:
2052:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2015:
2008:human rights
2004:unified army
2000:property tax
1997:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1957:
1954:
1940:
1937:
1924:
1910:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1825:Ad hoc Divan
1822:
1812:
1807:
1783:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1740:Napoleon III
1732:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1689:Ad hoc Divan
1645:
1641:Abdulmejid I
1633:
1625:aide-de-camp
1623:
1616:at Eupatoria
1610:
1596:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1544:Golescu-Albu
1525:
1501:Muhlis Basha
1500:
1497:Muklis Pasha
1496:
1495:in 1852. As
1493:Ottoman army
1486:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1453:
1418:
1415:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1340:
1316:
1300:Roman County
1295:
1287:
1285:
1259:
1251:
1240:Nicolae ČuČu
1232:
1226:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1143:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1048:
1045:Nikolay Girs
1043:
1024:
1008:
1004:
997:
990:
976:
971:
969:
910:
863:
832:
826:
820:
797:
777:Radu Rosetti
740:
730:
728:
724:Putna County
701:
694:
693:origin. The
671:Moses Gaster
668:
648:
641:Ion BrÄtianu
622:
616:
608:
602:
591:
548:Ottoman army
545:
528:
498:
475:
471:
468:Muklis Pasha
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
419:
403:Battles/wars
243:
174:, Bucharest;
152:(1901-01-26)
130:May 11, 1821
108:
27:
8123:1901 deaths
8118:1821 births
7898:George Panu
7744:Ioan HudiČÄ
7697:. Craiova:
7504:Raoul Bossy
7397:Ion, p. 300
5314:Ion, p. 298
5255:MeteČ, p. 2
4951:ČuČu, p. 58
4424:Ion, p. 283
4389:Gaz. Trans.
4304:Ion, p. 281
4269:Ion, p. 297
4125:, pp. 7, 50
3596:Vlad, p. 35
3587:Ion, p. 280
3251:eclecticism
2912:Baden-Baden
2887:Siret River
2697:. Instead,
2439:George Panu
2225:1866 events
2151:CoČtangalia
2097:Barbu Bellu
2081:model farms
2077:IaČi County
2069:common land
1968:out of the
1956:carried by
1837:IaČi County
1827:during the
1736:Bonapartism
1707:Teodor BalČ
1509:Crimean War
1462:Crimean War
1336:brigantines
1332:merchantmen
1308:durmast oak
1264:Dorna-Arini
1001:bodybuilder
933:Eduard Gans
929:natural law
884:âalongside
632:during the
621:. Shunning
552:Crimean War
505:grain trade
411:Crimean War
310:Nickname(s)
77:(as Prince)
63:Predecessor
8112:Categories
7788:. Leiden:
7404:References
7337:Beldiman,
7289:Le Gaulois
6416:(ChiČinÄu)
6083:Peter Lang
5708:Jean Ancel
3429:Radio IaČi
3297:Petru Poni
2967:Retirement
2813:Palestrina
2781:Slavophile
2210:Russophile
1630:Omar Pasha
978:Gardekorps
906:Nicholas I
874:militarism
789:Phanariote
781:Callimachi
630:Russophile
560:Omar Pasha
322:Allegiance
293:Occupation
197:Olga Ghica
194:(disputed)
179:(reburial)
126:1821-05-11
8004:Ion Ghica
7946:, 2014.
7926:, 2017.
7924:Humanitas
7877:, 1998.
7810:, 2014.
7792:, 2011.
7779:Zargidava
7719:, 1938.
7707:(editor:
7666:174249416
7660:, 1936.
7658:Universul
7613:606183567
7529:, 2010.
7479:, 1998.
7448:Universul
7125:895451220
7119:, 1956.
7027:DimineaČa
6296:Le Rappel
6085:, 2004.
6031:ČtirbÄČ,
5951:SlÄvescu
5938:SlÄvescu
5647:Tyragetia
5643:Ion Varta
4831:SlÄvescu
4648:Ion Ghica
4634:SlÄvescu
4188:SlÄvescu
4148:Apostolul
4121:SlÄvescu
4096:, 2010.
3437:ConstanČa
3320:Old Style
3218:Excelsior
3160:fantasias
3092:ConstanČa
3008:baksheesh
2832:Junimists
2680:Junimists
2273:self-coup
1752:Caimacams
1551:Ion Ghica
1521:at Cetate
1455:Ispravnic
1383:Polkovnik
1360:Bucharest
1304:CristeČti
1198:MamorniČa
1074:"), with
1021:kilograms
992:Polkovnik
919:capital,
890:LunĂŠville
878:Miroslava
712:Dalmatian
703:Logothete
691:Aromanian
683:Wallachia
660:Biography
654:Bucharest
509:Sardinian
480:Moldavian
157:Bucharest
105:Successor
71:Successor
8032:, 1995.
7867:Z. Ornea
7748:Hrisovul
7725:45702309
6797:AdevÄrul
6758:AdevÄrul
6726:Era NouÄ
6638:Le Matin
6437:AdevÄrul
6216:RÄzboiul
5955:, p. 168
5752:Romanulu
5718:, 2005.
4835:, p. 161
4741:, p. 742
4728:, p. 700
4638:, p. 147
4565:, p. 575
4231:(eds.),
3986:, p. 408
3934:, p. 437
3869:, p. 706
3791:, p. 407
3641:GavriČ,
3463:(1911).
3382:cenotaph
3375:Beizadea
3368:Beizadea
3352:Carol II
3348:Beizadea
3316:Beizadea
3312:mazagran
3293:Beizadea
3281:Junimist
3276:Beizadea
3264:Beizadea
3256:Beizadea
3239:Beizadea
3226:Les lois
3214:Beizadea
3187:Junimist
3103:Beizadea
3096:mahogany
3087:Beizadea
3083:Neronian
3079:Beizadea
3029:Beizadea
3013:Beizadea
2993:Beizadea
2961:Beizadea
2936:Beizadea
2924:Beizadea
2899:Le Matin
2878:Beizadea
2870:seraglio
2863:Beizadea
2805:Junimist
2793:Beizadea
2775:BZD Club
2765:Beizadea
2727:Beizadea
2695:centrism
2665:Beizadea
2606:the Tsar
2598:Beizadea
2541:Beizadea
2537:Junimism
2533:Beizadea
2522:Junimist
2483:Beizadea
2468:Beizadea
2451:Junimist
2427:and the
2409:Beizadea
2395:s wife,
2390:Domnitor
2382:Beizadea
2370:Domnitor
2343:Beizadea
2309:Beizadea
2297:Beizadea
2293:Beizadea
2281:Domnitor
2176:Beizadea
2159:Beizadea
2136:Beizadea
2128:Beizadea
2105:Domnitor
2035:Domnitor
2030:Beizadea
1992:Beizadea
1987:Beizadea
1941:Caimacam
1926:Domnitor
1898:Beizadea
1894:Beizadea
1883:Beizadea
1878:Beizadea
1873:Beizadea
1857:Beizadea
1853:Beizadea
1841:Beizadea
1808:Beizadea
1784:Caimacam
1776:Beizadea
1769:Beizadea
1702:Caimacam
1697:Beizadea
1611:Beizadea
1579:PaČoalca
1575:Beizadea
1571:PaČoalca
1563:Beizadea
1555:Beizadea
1532:CozmeČti
1488:Tanzimat
1483:Beizadea
1472:Beizadea
1403:Beizadea
1354:, and a
1296:Beizadea
1288:Beizadea
1260:Beizadea
1252:Beizadea
1248:SÄbÄoani
1233:Beizadea
1211:Beizadea
1206:Beizadea
1189:Beizadea
1173:Beizadea
1162:Beizadea
1158:bigamist
1096:Beizadea
1088:Beizadea
1076:Beizadea
1050:Dragoman
1025:Beizadea
1009:Beizadea
972:Beizadea
917:Prussian
860:Training
834:Hospodar
828:Beizadea
761:Bukovina
741:Beizadea
695:Beizadea
675:Sturdzas
649:Beizadea
623:Junimist
609:Domnitor
593:Domnitor
529:Beizadea
500:Beizadea
495:boyardom
484:Romanian
482:, later
456:Stourdza
444:Grigorie
334:Moldavia
317:PaČoalca
283:Religion
29:Beizadea
8103:, 1925.
8019:Carpica
7967:, 1882.
7863:, 1903.
7831:, 1966.
7701:, 1908.
7646:, 1939.
7630:Carpica
7514:, 1931.
7471:(ed.),
7451:, 1927.
6410:(ed.),
6221:Familia
5716:Polirom
5539:Românul
5505:Românul
5440:Românul
4802:Le Pays
4295:, p. 73
4192:, p. 44
4094:Polirom
3856:, p. 91
3473:(ed.).
3314:". The
3272:usurers
3207:Junimea
3189:friend
3162:, with
2991:: "The
2818:In the
2615:Românul
2518:Junimea
2447:Junimea
2434:Junimea
2425:Germans
2301:Prefect
2246:Satyrul
1966:Dobruja
1792:FocČani
1591:LÄutari
1423:in the
1231:at the
1194:carbine
1123:Perieni
1115:Arnauts
1109:with a
1080:PestriČ
1013:barbell
915:in the
753:Sculeni
618:Junimea
605:Carol I
582:in the
517:Perieni
464:Stourza
460:SturdĚŚa
448:Grigori
363:Service
259:Sturdza
133:Sculeni
8258:Pashas
8067:", in
8036:
7950:
7930:
7881:
7849:
7814:
7796:
7771:
7737:
7723:
7664:
7611:
7590:
7565:
7555:et al.
7533:
7519:et al.
7483:
7339:passim
7123:
6562:", in
6422:
6313:Arbore
6218:", in
6212:Timpul
6126:, 1979
6089:
6033:passim
5722:
5232:passim
5038:, 1914
4886:et al.
4739:et al.
4726:et al.
4692:et al.
4563:et al.
4529:et al.
4435:et al.
4333:et al.
4293:et al.
4280:et al.
4239:
4170:, 1939
4100:
4074:et al.
3984:et al.
3932:et al.
3889:et al.
3867:et al.
3820:et al.
3789:et al.
3743:et al.
3643:passim
3425:un bou
3330:Legacy
3176:Lisbon
3164:motifs
3027:. The
2916:Amiens
2791:. The
2699:Pressa
2691:Pressa
2610:Pressa
2531:, the
2506:Sinaia
2499:glider
2479:Milcov
2472:Senate
2445:, the
2386:francs
2217:, and
2186:corvĂŠe
2117:Moskal
2085:fallow
2028:, the
1638:Sultan
1609:. The
1499:(also
1429:Dieppe
1407:ducats
1395:Hatman
1379:Hatman
1328:GalaČi
1185:Uhlans
1102:Hatman
1072:HârlÄu
1034:Agigea
939:under
921:Berlin
749:Julian
539:, and
488:Prince
474:, and
462:, and
452:Sturza
343:
331:
313:Muklis
275:Mother
265:Father
185:Spouse
167:Burial
87:Period
55:Period
7790:Brill
7175:Epoca
7058:, in
6812:Epoca
6782:Epoca
6740:Lupta
6712:Epoca
6534:Epoca
6467:Epoca
6452:Epoca
5966:et al
5953:et al
5940:et al
4833:et al
4737:BuČÄ
4724:BuČÄ
4704:et al
4690:BuČÄ
4636:et al
4582:Epoca
4561:BuČÄ
4527:BuČÄ
4433:BuČÄ
4190:et al
4123:et al
3982:BuČÄ
3865:BuČÄ
3854:et al
3787:BuČÄ
3469:. In
3443:Notes
3435:, at
3388:as a
3378:'
3283:poet
3259:'
3232:Death
3210:'
3166:from
3106:'
3032:'
3003:Epoca
2998:Epoca
2952:Lupta
2874:harem
2847:(see
2741:'
2687:'
2668:'
2642:'
2486:'
2393:'
2346:'
2313:Roman
1886:'
1582:'
1438:Borca
1356:Ghica
1334:âtwo
1272:Turks
1236:'
1152:(the
1019:(550
931:from
894:Paris
870:cadet
785:Greek
698:'
397:Pasha
254:House
209:Issue
8034:ISBN
7948:ISBN
7928:ISBN
7879:ISBN
7847:ISBN
7812:ISBN
7794:ISBN
7769:ISBN
7735:ISBN
7721:OCLC
7662:OCLC
7609:OCLC
7588:ISBN
7563:ISBN
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