1200:
849:
old walrus-toothed fairy who offers her new clothes, heals her fingers, goes to her place and offers to share its house with her. She eagerly moves in and is very happy there. When eventually she announces that she wants to leave, the fairy gives her a magic stone. She goes back to her stepmother's home where, with her new clothes, no-one recognizes her. With the fairy stone she can get everything she wants. The black girl becomes jealous and throws herself down the well in the hope of getting the same gifts, but the fairy only gives her a thistle. The black girl wishes for the greatest prince in the world to appear so that he can ask for her hand in marriage, but it is the Devil who appears and carries her away. In the end the good girl returns to her home in the well, and sometimes she can be heard singing.
960:
30:
604:
4926:
4936:
902:, instructing her that it will bring her her fortune, but that she must tell no-one about it. The woman goes home and quickly becomes rich thanks to the distaff, the thread of which never runs out and is much finer in quality than all others. But the temptation to speak about it becomes too great for her. The moment she reveals that the distaff comes from a fairy all the money she has earned from it disappears.
1268:, who drag people underwater to devour them. Joseph Rio included it in a global evolution of Breton fairies between 1820 and 1850, so that from small, dark-skinned, wrinkled creatures close to the korrigans, in the texts of the scholars of the time they more and more often become pretty women of normal size, probably to compete with the Germanic fairies.
417:. He attributes green teeth to them, or more rarely red, as well as "a coat of scales". For Morvan, the variety of these descriptions is a result of two phenomena. On the one hand, it is possible that these fairies change their appearance as they age, to become like warty frogs. On the other hand, a Russian tradition reported by
936:
conducts the auction, during which prices go up very high. Suddenly, a gentle yet imperious female voice makes a bid raising the price by a thousand francs. All the attendants look to see who spoke, but there is no woman in the room. The notary then asks loudly who bid, and the female voice answers
705:
comes back and throws at him the steel net she wears on her belt, which turns him into a frog. The bell that he carries on his neck rings, and Bellah hears it at
Lannilis. She takes hold of her magic wand, which turns itself into a fast pony, then into a bird to cross the sea. At the top of a rock,
1231:
demonstrates the demonization of ancient goddesses under the influence of
Christianity: it was changed to a witch just as other divinities became lost girls and mermaids. Its palace under the waves is a typical motif of fairy tales and folk-stories, which is also found in, for example, the texts of
824:
has her wait for one month, while the elder sister dies. She then gives her two keys, with instructions never to stay outside after sunset. The little girl meets one of her family while out walking, but resolves to return early to keep her promise. Later she meets a very handsome young man, whom
848:
According to this recent story (collected by Théophile Le Graët in 1975), a widower with a daughter marries a black-skinned woman who has a daughter, also black. The new bride treats her stepdaughter very badly, and demands she spin all day long. One day, when near a well, the girl encounters an
354:
488:
is not necessarily bad. It may politely receive humans in its lair and offer treasure, magical objects (most often in threes), and cures. Like many other fairies, it also takes care of laundry and spinning. They are overbearing, but generally full of good intentions. Most often, the
202:. The origin of those fairies that belong to the archetype of "the crone" is to be found in the ancient female divinities demonized by Christianity. The influence of Breton writers in the 19th century brought them closer to the classical fairy figure. The
686:. This beautiful woman asks him what he wants, and Houarn replies that he is looking for the wherewithal to buy a little cow and a lean hog. The fairy offers him some enchanted wine to drink and asks him to marry her. He accepts, but when he sees the
1145:) once feared to pass near the cave named Toul ar Groac'h, "fairy hole", and preferred to spend the night under their beached boats until the next tide, rather than risk angering the fairy. Similarly, Anatole Le Braz cites Barr-ann-Heol near
724:, who is very happy to receive such a beautiful boy and yields to the request of Bellah, who would like to catch her fish with the steel net. Bellah throws the net on the fairy, cursing her thus: "Become in body what you are in heart!". The
775:
lives there. The fairy tells her never to come back by night, otherwise she will never see her mother again. The mother falls ill, and the girl returns to draw some water in the night in spite of the prohibition. The
336:
speaks (1825) of a malicious creature that he was frightened of as a child, reputed to inhabit wells in which it drowned those children that fell in. It is possible that
Souvestre drew the evil characteristics of "his"
1122:, described by them as "druidesses" now seen as old women or witches. For the writer Claire de Marnier this tradition, which makes the islanders sons of witches, is a "remarkable belief" peculiar to "the Breton soul".
405:" teeth, which may be the length of a finger or may even drag along the ground, though in other cases they have no such teeth, or at any rate nothing is said of them. Sometimes they are hunchbacked. The storyteller
1793:
Les travaux publics et les mines dans les traditions et les superstitions de tous les pays: les routes, les ponts, les chemins de fer, les digues, les canaux, l'hydraulique, les ports, les phares, les mines et les
1351:. This old woman is portrayed as having "magical and evil powers", and as threatening with reprisals those characters who offend her. Her murder is one of the causes of the misfortunes that hit the island. A
308:
are the fairies most often encountered in
Brittany, generally in forests and near springs: they are essentially the fairies of Breton wells. Likewise, a certain number of "sea fairies" bear the name of
682:, reputed to be as rich as all the kings on earth put together. Houarn goes to the island of Lok and gets into an enchanted boat in the shape of a swan, which takes him underwater to the home of the
480:
of
Lanascol Castle could shake the dead autumn leaves and turn them to gold, or bend the trees and make the ponds ripple as it passed. Although it is mostly known by negative representations, the
561:
who asks for his help in crossing a river. He carries it, but it becomes more and more heavy, so that he sets it back down it where he found it, thereby preventing an epidemic of plague in the
497:
are described as being solitary in their retreats under the sea, in a rock or in the sands, but some stories tell of an entirely female family life. They do not abandon their children or leave
659:
and fall in love, but they are poor, so Houarn leaves to seek his fortune. Bellah gives him a little bell and a knife, but keeps a third magic object for herself, a wand. Houarn arrives at
545:: this legend seems to have been quite popular in its day, and could have the same sources as the tale of the fairy of the well. It belongs to the theme of "spinners by the fountain" in the
1311:, citing especially the regular translation of the word as "witch". She adds that several Breton tales present this creature in a negative way, while none draw a flattering portrait.
833:
advises her to marry him, assuring her that this will lift the prohibition on her returning after sunset. She follows this advice and lives happily ever after with her new husband.
1179:
says that the sick once came to rub the pre-Christian statue called Groac'h er goard (or Groac'h ar Goard ) so as to be healed. The seven-foot-tall granite statue known as the
438:
593:, a former princess who threw herself into the water to flee a too importunate lover, and who would sometimes be seen combing her long blonde hair with a golden comb.
2487:
1169:
617:
272:: "The Groac'h of Lok Island", a story intended for literate audiences, uses a writing technique based on the interchangeable use of the words "fairy" and "
784:
catches the girl and keeps her in its cave, which has every possible comfort. Although she is separated from her family the girl is happy there. A young
1713:
Dictionnaire des superstitions, erreurs, prĂ©jugĂ©s et traditions populaires: oĂč sont exposĂ©es le croyances superstitieuses des temps anciens et modernes...
668:
421:
has the fairies go through cycles of rejuvenation and ageing according to the cycles of the moon: a similar tradition may have existed in
Brittany.
1735:
1100:
920:
This story was collected by
Anatole Le Braz, who makes reference to the belief in fairies among people of his acquaintance living near his friend
767:
This tale, collected by Joseph Frison around 1914, tells of a young girl who goes one night to a spring to help her mother. She discovers that a
326:
890:, "sea fairy", lives in a hollow rock on the island. A woman happens to pass by, and comes across the old fairy spinning with her distaff. The
1096:, attributed to a "red fairy" that brought the stones in her apron. This megalith is however almost destroyed. According to Souvestre and the
2685:
2764:
234:
seems to have been the Breton word for fairies in general. It evolved to mean an old creature of deceptive beauty. It is often spelled "
1199:
739:. Souvestre explained why he chose to place it on the island of Lok by the multiplicity of versions of the storytellers which do so.
4970:
546:
1074:
2080:
816:
is much more comfortable than her own, the girl asks for a key so that she can enter or leave at her own convenience. The young
701:, who agreed to marry her before being metamorphosed and served as dinner to the other suitors. Houarn tries to escape but the
472:
is one of the most powerful fairies in Breton waters. In its aquatic habitat, as on land, it has power over the elements. The
697:
Houarn draws his knife, whose blade dispels enchantments. All the fish stand up and become little men. They are victims of the
4184:
4129:
1335:
in 1983. This horrible witch, feared by the fishermen, lays a curse on the Bowley family. A "mystical and fantastic" novel,
4939:
800:
of the spring is away visiting one of its sisters. She dies while with her sister, having first sent a message to the young
157:
has power over the forces of nature and can change its shape. It is mainly known as a malevolent figure, largely because of
2427:
Bizeul, Louis
Jacques Marie (1843). "MĂ©moire sur les voies romaines de la Bretagne; et en particulier celles du Morbihan".
4975:
4960:
4888:
2844:
549:. A story collected by Anatole Le Braz makes one of these fairies the personification of the plague: an old man from
3369:
2976:
2939:
2885:
2866:
2825:
2803:
2695:
2658:
2602:
2577:
2470:
2376:
2306:
2253:
2228:
2162:
2122:
2090:
1875:
1843:
1676:
645:
385:, but the descriptions vary: an old woman bent and leaning on a crutch, or a richly dressed princess, accompanied by
163:
37:
4124:
743:
was even more of a success in
Germany than it had been in Brittany. Heinrich Bode published it under the title of
728:
changes into a hideous creature, the queen of mushrooms, and is thrown into a well. The metamorphosed men and the
2922:
The book attributed this article to Gaël Milin, but
Presses Universitaires de Rennes corrected the mistake in an
4359:
3890:
3688:
318:
167:, in which the fairy seduces men, changes them into fish and serves them as meals to her guests, on one of the
2622:
2329:
is only one possibility among several others. See Frédéric Le Tallec, "à propos de l'étymologie de Groix" in
3259:
3159:
1030:
three stones two meters high placed next to each other in the village of Kermorvan, are known by the name of
1993:"Souvestre tel quâil sera en anglais, ou la prolifĂ©ration mĂ©tatextuelle de lâĆuvre dans le monde anglophone"
171:. Other tales present them as old solitary fairies who can overwhelm with gifts the humans who visit them.
4990:
4861:
443:
932:. One day, the landowners put up for sale a part of the estate where they no longer live. A notary from
2995:
2082:
The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries: The Classic Study of Leprechauns, Pixies, and Other Fairy Spirits
1054:
413:
capable of taking on the most flattering or the most repugnant appearance: swans or wrinkled, peering
4174:
4008:
3965:
732:
are saved, and Bellah and Houarn take the treasures of the fairy, marry and live happily ever after.
509:. They are more inconstant and more sensitive than other Breton fairies, taking offence easily. In
2115:
Monuments mégalithiques à Locmariaquer (Morbihan): Le long tumulus d'Er Groah dans son environnement
1093:
867:
This tale takes place on the island of Groagez (the "island of women" or the "fairy island"), which
141:) is a kind of Breton water-fairy. Seen in various forms, often by night, many are old, similar to
4816:
4699:
4282:
747:
in 1847, and it was republished in 1989 and 1993. The story was likewise translated into English (
1174:
757:
in 1910. Between 1880 and 1920 it served as study material for British students learning French.
4684:
2276:
1859:
566:
4985:
4851:
3254:
2791:
2216:
1976:
987:
963:
735:
For the scholar Joseph Rio this tale is important documentary evidence on the character of the
690:
catch and fry fish which moan in the pan he begins to be afraid and regrets his decision. The
406:
1892:
1711:
622:
4159:
4109:
3219:
2969:
2648:
2184:(in French). Vol. XVIII. St Brieuc: SociĂ©tĂ© d'Ă©mulation des CĂŽtes-du-Nord â Impr. Guyon
1180:
954:
673:
581:. Some are known to have the power of changing into foals, or again to haunt the forest of
550:
292:
is used in good and bad senses by turns. It can mean an old witch or simply an old woman."
4558:
2813:
998:, at Locmariaquer probably owes its name to an amalgamation of the Breton word for "cave",
753:
453:
945:. Everyone flees. Since then, according to Le Braz, the estate has never found a buyer.
537:
in one or another place in Brittany. Souvestre evokes one of these fairies, likened to a
8:
3900:
3557:
3049:
3009:
2899:(in French). Morlaix: Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique; LIRE (Université Lyon 2).
4623:
2854:
2270:
1863:
1137:
who would engage in spinning from time to time. SĂ©billot relates that the fishermen of
390:
187:
3587:
3552:
3334:
3249:
2409:
2076:
1729:
1161:
many place-names refer to it, including the Pointe de la Groac'h and the lighthouse of
959:
924:. A ruined manor house called Lanascol Castle is said to have housed a fairy known as
921:
268:'s tale, and commentaries on it, than a belief deriving from the popular traditions of
53:
3517:
2739:
2448:
MĂ©moire sur les voies romaines de la Bretagne, et en particulier de celles du Morbihan
265:
158:
4826:
4748:
4578:
4114:
3845:
2935:
2881:
2862:
2840:
2821:
2799:
2691:
2654:
2598:
2573:
2466:
2372:
2302:
2249:
2224:
2158:
2118:
2086:
1871:
1839:
1672:
1184:
1183:
represents a naked woman of "indecent form" and could be a remnant of the worship of
1105:
882:
According to this tale, collected by G. Le Calvez at the end of the 19th century, a
322:
2179:
1664:
1332:
1027:
679:
461:
331:
211:
168:
29:
4965:
4929:
4794:
4593:
4144:
4139:
4028:
3723:
3718:
3663:
3612:
3562:
3389:
3339:
2962:
2727:
2550:
2401:
2299:
La mystique des eaux sacrées dans l'antique Armor: essai sur la conscience mythique
1589:
1253:
1138:
871:
describes as being the home of an old woman who is a spinner and a witch; it is in
603:
418:
3547:
2541:
Soutou, A. (September 1954). "Toponymie, folklore et préhistoire: Vieille Morte".
2150:
1788:
1348:
1097:
868:
244:
4995:
4714:
4404:
4369:
4338:
3865:
3763:
3683:
3658:
3244:
3066:
3024:
2905:
2743:
1992:
1958:
1941:
1831:
1457:
651:
345:
from Mahé, and indeed he admits in his notes a certain reinvention of tradition.
281:
118:
4835:
4603:
3622:
2301:. BibliothĂšque des textes philosophiques (in French). Paris: Vrin. p. 235.
1015:
4980:
4784:
4689:
4664:
4287:
4220:
3920:
3708:
3527:
3512:
3482:
3364:
3081:
3034:
2369:
Le légendaire préhistorique de Bretagne: les mégalithes, traditions et légendes
2246:
Le légendaire préhistorique de Bretagne: les mégalithes, traditions et légendes
1237:
269:
175:
4235:
2392:
Richard, Louis (1969). "Recherches récentes sur le culte d'Isis en Bretagne".
1710:
Chesnel de la Charbouclais, Louis Pierre François Adolphe, marquis de (1856).
1383:
is a nickname given to HĂ©lĂšne JĂ©gado when she is a little girl, in Plouhinec.
655:(1844). Houarn Pogamm and Bellah Postik, orphan cousins, grow up together in
4954:
4804:
4613:
4608:
4492:
4099:
3915:
3668:
3617:
3602:
3076:
1577:
1125:
The rock of Croac'h Coz, or "the island of the old fairy", in the commune of
506:
410:
3394:
3294:
2681:
1368:
1347:
among the mysterious and almost diabolical forces that assail the island of
149:
teeth. Supposed to live in caverns, under the beach and under the sea, the
4831:
4768:
4432:
4384:
4307:
4292:
4210:
4154:
3830:
3693:
3632:
3567:
3532:
3492:
3289:
3209:
3179:
3169:
3086:
3071:
3039:
1870:(in French). Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. pp. 74, 83â84.
1364:
1142:
1126:
1050:
3384:
2732:
Corpus du folklore préhistorique en France et dans les colonies françaises
2554:
2461:
Gontard, Marc (2008). "Le récit oral dans la culture populaire bretonne".
2405:
2181:
Inventaire des découvertes archéologiques du département des CÎtes-du-Nord
510:
4856:
4374:
3885:
3870:
3860:
3748:
3698:
3572:
3457:
3417:
3199:
3154:
3061:
1233:
1168:
Some traces of possible religious invocation of these fairies are known.
808:: the girl is free to leave if she wishes. Knowing that the home of the
502:
382:
381:
are hard to define. One of them is said to frequent the neighborhood of
4517:
4497:
4447:
3299:
3284:
2413:
1146:
1018:
cites from the same commune a "table of the old woman", a dolmen called
876:
4588:
4512:
4215:
4119:
4079:
3880:
3825:
3788:
3743:
3728:
3703:
3627:
3522:
3427:
3422:
3354:
3314:
3304:
3194:
3117:
3112:
3102:
3044:
3029:
3014:
2912:(in French). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes. pp. 237â252
1249:
1162:
498:
199:
126:
3793:
3773:
3542:
2954:
1593:
1157:
keeps watch, ready to seize benighted travellers at a crossroads. In
1079:
4868:
4733:
4527:
4272:
4225:
4169:
4149:
4053:
4033:
4013:
4003:
3905:
3582:
3537:
3477:
3452:
3432:
3324:
3274:
3107:
1216:
720:
offers Bellah men's clothes to disguise herself in. She goes to the
660:
414:
4462:
3164:
872:
353:
4898:
4799:
4669:
4659:
4649:
4639:
4543:
4522:
4507:
4502:
4452:
4399:
4364:
4323:
4277:
4267:
4205:
4104:
4094:
4089:
3960:
3951:
3840:
3820:
3713:
3673:
3607:
3497:
3487:
3467:
3462:
3442:
3344:
3309:
3279:
3189:
3056:
1578:"Penanger et de La Lande, Gwerz tragique au XVIIe siÚcle en Trégor"
1292:
1279:
has been likened to the enigmatic and archetypal character of "the
1165:, in reference, according to Georges Guénin, to "a kind of witch".
933:
708:
656:
386:
195:
91:
81:
4726:
4333:
4328:
3204:
2371:. Amateur averti (in French). Rennes: La DĂ©couvrance. p. 33.
948:
716:
s husband, and he tells her of the fairy's vulnerable point. The
649:, collected, written and arranged by Ămile Souvestre for his book
585:(the wood of the night). The duke's pond in Vannes would house a
389:. Often the descriptions insist on its likeness to an old woman;
4893:
4821:
4758:
4743:
4694:
4644:
4573:
4568:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4437:
4389:
4240:
4164:
4084:
4058:
4038:
3975:
3970:
3956:
3783:
3592:
3507:
3437:
3379:
3374:
3269:
3264:
3239:
3229:
3214:
3184:
3019:
899:
694:
gives him the dish of fried fish and goes away to look for wine.
562:
3758:
4878:
4789:
4763:
4753:
4709:
4679:
4563:
4548:
4427:
4354:
4319:
4314:
4245:
4230:
4179:
3998:
3980:
3875:
3835:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3778:
3738:
3733:
3678:
3642:
3597:
3577:
3412:
3349:
3224:
3149:
3144:
2934:. BibliothĂšque des miroirs. Bordeaux: Les moutons Ă©lectriques.
2837:
Fées, Korrigans & autres créatures fantastiques de Bretagne
2272:
Des monuments celtiques et des ruines romaines dans le Morbihan
1265:
1158:
1038:
542:
449:
402:
366:
146:
2157:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Ăditions Imago. p. 152.
1464:(in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Honoré Champion. p. 179.
4883:
4873:
4738:
4721:
4704:
4654:
4618:
4598:
4583:
4467:
4457:
4394:
4379:
4302:
4257:
4252:
4200:
4134:
4048:
4043:
4023:
4018:
3895:
3855:
3850:
3753:
3637:
3447:
3329:
3319:
3234:
3174:
2985:
1280:
1212:
1111:
578:
538:
457:
393:
mentions the name "beetle-fairy". She notes cases where the
210:
has several times appeared in recent literary works, such as
191:
130:
122:
63:
3768:
2910:
Littératures de Bretagne: mélanges offerts à Yann-Ber Piriou
4674:
4553:
4442:
4297:
4262:
4074:
3910:
2897:Ămile Souvestre, Ă©crivain breton portĂ© par l'utopie sociale
2570:
Celtic Women's Spirituality: Accessing the Cauldron of Life
1188:
1084:. There is a Tombeau de la Groac'h Rouge (Tomb of the Red
142:
2463:
La Langue muette: Littérature bretonne de langue française
1709:
836:
4811:
3502:
3359:
2818:
Bestiaire fantastique & créatures féeriques de France
2214:
1959:"Le succĂšs dâĂmile Souvestre dans le monde germanophone"
1942:"Le succĂšs dâĂmile Souvestre dans le monde germanophone"
1283:", studied by various folklorists. This name, in French
464:
describes it as a "lake fairy". Be that as it may, the
242:", the final consonant being pronounced like the German
2894:
2465:(in French). Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
1996:
1962:
1945:
1240:
and several Hispanic tales. Pierre Dubois likens the
978:
Many place-names in Lower Brittany are attributed to a
521:
reveal to miners the existence of silver-bearing lead.
2155:
Le folklore de France: La terre et le monde souterrain
825:
she leaves, promising to come back the next day. The
264:
with the fairy is more the result of the influence of
2771:(in French). Nantes: Société des bibliophiles bretons
1834:(2011) . "Celui qui porta la peste sur les Ă©paules".
2572:. St Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 103.
2009:
Frison, Joseph (1914). "La groac'h de la fontaine".
678:, a fairy who inhabits a lake on the largest of the
1930:. Librairie orientale et amĂ©ricaine: 441â442. 1892.
1516:
Essai sur les antiquités du département du Morbihan
898:invites the woman to approach it and gives her its
569:also brings together several traditions around the
256:. According to Joseph Rio the assimilation of the
1462:La légende de la mort chez les Bretons armoricains
852:
2895:Plötner-Le Lay, BÀrbel; Blanchard, Nelly (2006).
2248:(in French). Rennes: La DĂ©couvrance. p. 90.
1571:
1569:
4952:
2653:(in French). Logonna-Daoulas: Ăditions du Riez.
524:
3938:
2812:
2117:(in French). Paris: CNRS Editions. p. 35.
1796:(in French). Paris: J. Rothschild. p. 410.
1651:
949:Localities, place-names and religious practices
2623:"Nicolas Brehal: Writing as Self-Preservation"
2366:
1897:(in French). Paris: A. Bray. pp. 157â158.
1566:
1518:(in French). Vannes: Galles Ainé. p. 417.
365:sometimes displays long teeth like those of a
2970:
2750:(in French). Paris: Coquebert. pp. 76â89
1456:
1211:is close to the archetypal character of "the
596:
501:. Sometimes they are accompanied by a green
2323:
2051:
1734:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1716:(in French). Paris: J.-P. Migne. p. 442
1671:(in French). Paris: Pygmalion. p. 195.
1624:
1622:
1377:
1353:
1341:
1321:
1305:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1258:
1242:
1225:
1205:
1151:
1131:
1116:
1086:
1067:
1059:
1043:
1020:
1008:
1000:
992:
980:
968:
939:
926:
911:
892:
884:
858:
839:
827:
818:
810:
802:
794:
786:
778:
769:
760:
637:
609:
587:
577:, that people would shun them as they would
571:
555:
531:
515:
491:
482:
474:
466:
431:
395:
375:
359:
339:
311:
302:
286:
274:
258:
250:
236:
228:
204:
186:, especially the names of some megaliths in
180:
151:
135:
110:
28:
18:
2734:(in French). Vol. 3. Paris: E. Nourry.
2333:, the journal of the island of Groix, 1984.
2075:
1690:
1688:
424:
317:, sometimes interchangeably with those of "
4935:
2977:
2963:
2878:Légendes et mystÚres des régions de France
2820:(in French). Terre de Brume. p. 151.
2816:; Tsaag Valren, Amélie (2013). "Groac'h".
2296:
2275:(in French). Vannes: A. Cauderan. p.
2223:. New York: Psychology Press. p. 78.
2085:. London: Henry Frowde. pp. 185â188.
1705:
1703:
1582:Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest
1556:
1554:
1411:
1409:
1407:
373:Because of their multiform character, the
226:According to Philippe Le Stum, originally
2930:Ruaud, André-François (2010). "Groac'h".
2762:
2738:
2726:
2616:
2614:
2510:
2488:"Le Lac enchanté dans le Chevalier Cifar"
2202:
2137:
2048:
1910:
1771:
1769:
1619:
1545:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1428:
1426:
1424:
2450:(in French). Caen: Chalopin. p. 82.
2321:This etymology connecting Groix and the
2149:
1787:
1685:
1575:
1473:
1471:
1198:
958:
602:
352:
2984:
2875:
2834:
2690:(in French). Paris: Ăditions Julliard.
2597:(in French). Paris: Mercure de France.
2460:
2391:
2357:, chapter, "La 'pipée' de Jozon Briand"
2354:
2342:
2268:
2112:
2036:
1906:
1904:
1890:
1830:
1700:
1694:
1645:
1551:
1501:
1404:
1398:
1248:to many maleficent water-fairies, like
4953:
2853:
2790:
2748:Le foyer breton: Traditions populaires
2646:
2611:
2592:
2540:
2516:
2485:
2445:
2426:
2243:
2177:
2024:
2008:
1818:
1806:
1775:
1766:
1760:
1748:
1663:
1628:
1613:
1560:
1522:
1489:
1477:
1432:
1421:
1415:
1057:, the tomb of the "groac'h AhĂšs", or "
905:
4940:List of beings referred to as fairies
3937:
3130:
2958:
2929:
2680:
2567:
1858:
1640:
1634:
1483:
1468:
1438:
3131:
2932:Le Dico féérique: Le RÚgne humanoïde
2880:(in French). Paris: Robert Laffont.
2784:
2769:Contes et légendes de Basse-Bretagne
2620:
2446:Bizeul, Louis Jacques Marie (1843).
2345:, p. Entrée "Loguivy-de-la-Mer"
1974:
1901:
1513:
1065:", has become attributed not to the
629:Contes et légendes de Basse-Bretagne
42:Contes et légendes de Basse-Bretagne
2903:
2839:(in French). Rennes: Ouest-France.
2528:
2486:Krappe, Alexander Haggerty (1933).
2023:Théophile Le Graët, 1975. Cited by
1997:Plötner-Le Lay & Blanchard 2006
1963:Plötner-Le Lay & Blanchard 2006
1946:Plötner-Le Lay & Blanchard 2006
1533:
1444:
1363:, a collection of short stories by
13:
2720:
2543:Revue internationale d'onomastique
2039:, chapter, "Penvénan (Port-Blanc)"
1894:PĂšlerinages de Bretagne (Morbihan)
1114:got its name (in Breton) from the
295:
248:. One of the possible plurals is
14:
5007:
2950:
2394:Revue de l'histoire des religions
437:to an ogress or a "water-witch".
4971:Female characters in fairy tales
4934:
4925:
4924:
2113:Le Roux, Charles-Tanguy (2006).
1838:(in French). Paris: Archipoche.
1314:
635:The most famous story evoking a
2906:"Du korrigan à la fée celtique"
2861:(in French). Arles: Actes Sud.
2796:La Grande Encyclopédie des fées
2714:
2674:
2640:
2586:
2561:
2534:
2522:
2479:
2454:
2439:
2420:
2385:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2315:
2290:
2262:
2237:
2208:
2196:
2171:
2143:
2131:
2106:
2069:
2059:Revue des traditions populaires
2042:
2030:
2017:
2011:Revue des traditions populaires
2002:
1985:
1968:
1951:
1934:
1924:Revue des traditions populaires
1915:
1884:
1852:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1781:
1754:
1742:
1657:
1607:
1539:
1223:According to Marc Gontard, the
1149:, as a dangerous place where a
1034:, or "the house of the fairy".
2859:La douce vie des fées des eaux
1922:"La Groac'h de l'Ăle du Lok".
1507:
1495:
1450:
1392:
616:s magic boat. Engraving after
101:Under or by the sea or springs
40:" after Théophile Busnel, for
1:
2798:(in French). Paris: Hoëbeke.
1386:
1215:" (here, a representation of
792:comes to guard her while the
547:Aarne-Thompson classification
529:Several collections report a
525:Stories and collected legends
348:
2765:"La Groac'h de l'Ăle du Lok"
2744:"La Groac'h de l'Ăle du Lok"
2217:Aldhouse-Green, Miranda Jane
1868:Nouvelles veillées bretonnes
706:Bellah finds a little black
284:comments on this name that "
221:
145:and witches, sometimes with
7:
3939:Fairy-like beings worldwide
2297:de Marmier, Claire (1947).
1891:Violeau, Hippolyte (1855).
1652:Ely & Tsaag Valren 2013
1295:. Edain McCoy equates the
1194:
456:and Amélie Tsaag Valren to
429:Pierre Dubois compares the
190:, as well as the island of
10:
5012:
4976:Female legendary creatures
4961:Breton legendary creatures
2996:Classifications of fairies
2835:Le Stum, Philippe (2003).
2221:The Concept of the Goddess
1981:. London: Longmans, Green.
1460:; Dottin, Georges (1902).
1264:and the green ogresses of
952:
741:La Groac'h de l'Ăźle du Lok
646:La Groac'h de l'Ăle du Lok
598:La Groac'h de l'Ăle du Lok
164:La Groac'h de l'Ăźle du Lok
38:La Groac'h de l'Ăźle du Lok
4915:
4844:
4777:
4632:
4536:
4420:
4413:
4347:
4193:
4067:
3991:
3944:
3933:
3651:
3405:
3137:
3126:
3095:
3002:
2993:
2763:Souvestre, Ămile (1891).
1576:Giraudon, Daniel (2005).
1129:, was the home of an old
762:The Groac'h of the Spring
401:have exceptionally long "
97:
87:
77:
69:
59:
49:
27:
2876:Mozzani, ĂloĂŻse (2015).
2593:Bréhal, Nicolas (1988).
2269:Fouquet, Alfred (1853).
2244:Guénin, Georges (1995).
1037:In 1868, an eight-meter
838:The Fairy of the Well /
425:Attributes and character
3370:Dökkålfar and Ljósålfar
2621:Bond, David J. (1994).
2367:Georges Guénin (1995).
2049:Le Calvez, G. (1897). "
1367:published in 2012. In
749:The Groac'h of the Isle
178:are connected with the
174:Several place-names of
4852:Christmas gift-bringer
3255:Brown Man of the Muirs
2794:(2008). "La Groac'h".
2650:Absinthes & DĂ©mons
2647:Dubois, Ambre (2012).
2324:
2052:
1378:
1361:Absinthes & DĂ©mons
1354:
1342:
1322:
1306:
1298:
1291:, is often applied to
1286:
1274:
1259:
1243:
1226:
1220:
1206:
1152:
1132:
1117:
1110:(1853), the island of
1087:
1068:
1060:
1044:
1021:
1009:
1001:
993:
981:
975:
969:
940:
927:
912:
893:
885:
859:
840:
828:
819:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
770:
638:
632:
610:
588:
572:
556:
532:
516:
492:
483:
475:
467:
432:
396:
376:
370:
360:
340:
312:
303:
287:
275:
259:
251:
237:
229:
205:
198:and the lighthouse of
181:
152:
136:
111:
33:
19:
3714:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
3220:Blue men of the Minch
3096:Abodes and structures
2568:McCoy, Edain (1998).
2555:10.3406/rio.1954.1425
2406:10.3406/rhr.1969.9580
1975:Lang, Andrew (1910).
1860:Luzel, François-Marie
1836:La légende de la mort
1514:Mahé, Joseph (1825).
1327:appears in the novel
1202:
962:
875:, one kilometer from
606:
448:relates it rather to
356:
32:
4125:Hopkinsville Goblins
2904:Rio, Joseph (2006).
2595:La PĂąleur et le Sang
2331:La Chaloupe de l'Ăźle
2215:Billington, Sandra;
2178:Harmoi, A-L (1911).
1991:Le Disez, Jean-Yves
1978:The Lilac Fairy Book
1337:La PĂąleur et le Sang
1329:La PĂąleur et le Sang
754:The Lilac Fairy Book
663:and hears about the
567:François-Marie Luzel
439:André-François Ruaud
216:La PĂąleur et le Sang
4991:Witches in folklore
3846:Sprite/Water sprite
3010:Celtic sacred trees
2492:Bulletin Hispanique
2429:Bulletin Monumental
2013:(in French): 54â56.
751:) and published in
24:
3165:Aos SĂ (Aes SĂdhe)
2531:, pp. 151â152
2077:Evans-Wentz, W. Y.
2027:, pp. 100â106
1948:, pp. 248â253
1669:SirĂšnes et ondines
1221:
1181:Venus of Quinipily
1170:Paul-Yves SĂ©billot
976:
955:VĂ©nus de Quinipily
922:Walter Evans-Wentz
633:
409:describes them as
371:
54:Legendary creature
34:
16:
4948:
4947:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4579:Headless Horseman
4115:Fearsome critters
3929:
3928:
2855:Morvan, Françoise
2785:Secondary sources
2728:Saintyves, Pierre
2687:Fleur de tonnerre
1957:Blanchard, Nelly
1940:Blanchard, Nelly
1864:Morvan, Françoise
1594:10.4000/abpo.1040
1373:Fleur de tonnerre
1073:but to the giant
1049:was destroyed in
974:, at Locmariaquer
941:groac'h Lanascol!
105:
104:
5003:
4938:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4921:
4624:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
4594:Jimmy Squarefoot
4418:
4417:
4140:Little green men
3935:
3934:
3901:Will-o'-the-wisp
3664:Margot the fairy
3613:Lady of the Lake
3563:Jenny Greenteeth
3558:Jack o' the bowl
3390:Queen of Elphame
3132:Attested fairies
3128:
3127:
3003:Related articles
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2900:
2891:
2872:
2850:
2831:
2809:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2740:Souvestre, Ămile
2735:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1955:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1832:Le Braz, Anatole
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1504:, chap. "Vannes"
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1458:Le Braz, Anatole
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1419:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1381:
1359:also appears in
1357:
1345:
1325:
1309:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1262:
1254:Jenny Greenteeth
1246:
1229:
1209:
1178:
1155:
1135:
1120:
1109:
1090:
1083:
1071:
1063:
1047:
1024:
1016:Pierre Saintyves
1012:
1006:, with the word
1004:
996:
988:The Grand Menhir
984:
972:
964:The Grand Menhir
943:
930:
928:Lanascol groac'h
915:
896:
888:
862:
843:
831:
822:
814:
806:
798:
790:
782:
773:
677:
641:
626:
618:Théophile Busnel
613:
591:
575:
559:
535:
519:
495:
486:
478:
470:
447:
435:
419:Andrei Sinyavsky
399:
391:Françoise Morvan
379:
363:
343:
335:
315:
306:
290:
278:
262:
254:
240:
232:
208:
184:
155:
139:
114:
70:Similar entities
25:
22:
15:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4919:
4903:
4840:
4773:
4715:Enchanted Moura
4628:
4532:
4409:
4405:Yara-ma-yha-who
4343:
4339:Zashiki warashi
4189:
4063:
3987:
3940:
3925:
3684:Mooinjer veggey
3647:
3553:Jack-o'-lantern
3518:HeinzelmÀnnchen
3401:
3133:
3122:
3091:
3067:Household deity
3025:Fairy godmother
2998:
2989:
2983:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2915:
2913:
2888:
2869:
2847:
2828:
2806:
2787:
2774:
2772:
2753:
2751:
2723:
2721:Primary sources
2717:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2566:
2562:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2459:
2455:
2444:
2440:
2425:
2421:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2074:
2070:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1973:
1969:
1956:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1801:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1665:Brasey, Ădouard
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1523:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1422:
1414:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1317:
1197:
1172:
1103:
1077:
1022:daul ar groac'h
957:
951:
918:
865:
854:The Sea Fairies
846:
841:Groac'h ar puñs
765:
671:
652:Le Foyer breton
620:
601:
541:, in a well in
527:
441:
427:
351:
329:
298:
296:Characteristics
282:Anatole Le Braz
266:Ămile Souvestre
224:
159:Ămile Souvestre
45:
12:
11:
5:
5009:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4932:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4848:
4846:
4845:Cross-regional
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4792:
4787:
4785:Dames blanches
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
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4756:
4751:
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4707:
4702:
4697:
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4690:Kallikantzaros
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4665:Doñas de fuera
4662:
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4288:Mrenh kongveal
4285:
4280:
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4265:
4260:
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3921:Yan-gant-y-tan
3918:
3913:
3908:
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3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
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3756:
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3709:Nelly Longarms
3706:
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3676:
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3655:
3653:
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3555:
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3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:The Hedley Kow
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3483:Gwragedd Annwn
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
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3440:
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3430:
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3207:
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3141:
3139:
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3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3082:Tutelary deity
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3035:Fairy painting
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2952:
2951:External links
2949:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2927:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2873:
2867:
2851:
2846:978-2737323690
2845:
2832:
2826:
2810:
2804:
2792:Dubois, Pierre
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2760:
2736:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2713:
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2560:
2549:(3): 183â189.
2533:
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2359:
2347:
2335:
2314:
2307:
2289:
2261:
2254:
2236:
2229:
2207:
2203:Saintyves 1934
2195:
2170:
2163:
2151:SĂ©billot, Paul
2142:
2138:Saintyves 1934
2130:
2123:
2105:
2091:
2068:
2041:
2029:
2016:
2001:
1984:
1967:
1950:
1933:
1914:
1911:Souvestre 1891
1900:
1883:
1876:
1851:
1844:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1789:SĂ©billot, Paul
1780:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1699:
1684:
1677:
1656:
1644:
1633:
1618:
1606:
1565:
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1546:Souvestre 1845
1538:
1521:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1467:
1449:
1437:
1420:
1403:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1333:Nicolas Bréhal
1316:
1313:
1238:Irish folklore
1196:
1193:
1101:Alfred Fouquet
1028:Maël-Pestivien
950:
947:
917:
904:
864:
851:
845:
835:
764:
759:
745:Die Wasserhexe
680:Glénan Islands
607:Houarn in the
600:
595:
526:
523:
462:Ădouard Brasey
426:
423:
350:
347:
297:
294:
270:Lower Brittany
223:
220:
212:Nicolas Bréhal
176:Lower Brittany
169:Glénan Islands
103:
102:
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95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
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35:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5008:
4997:
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4992:
4989:
4987:
4986:Water spirits
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
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4962:
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4885:
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4863:
4862:Companions of
4860:
4858:
4855:
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4849:
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4837:
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4805:King Goldemar
4803:
4801:
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4688:
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4683:
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4668:
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4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
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4614:Pictish Beast
4612:
4610:
4609:Morgan Le Fay
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
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4309:
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4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
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4202:
4199:
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4196:
4192:
4186:
4185:Yunwi Tsunsdi
4183:
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4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
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4158:
4156:
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4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Christmas elf
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
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4072:
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4020:
4017:
4015:
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4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Little people
3964:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Yallery Brown
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
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3887:
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3857:
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3837:
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3832:
3829:
3827:
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3817:
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3809:
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3802:
3799:
3795:
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3787:
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3777:
3775:
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3656:
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3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Lazy Laurence
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Klabautermann
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Iannic-ann-ĂŽd
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
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3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:Nature spirit
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2943:
2941:9782361830304
2937:
2933:
2928:
2925:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2887:9782221159224
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2868:9782742724062
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2827:9782843625084
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2805:9782842303266
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2699:
2697:9782260020585
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2662:
2660:9782918719434
2656:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2606:
2604:9782070380725
2600:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2579:9781567186727
2575:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:(in French).
2544:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2519:, p. 109
2518:
2513:
2497:
2494:(in French).
2493:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2472:9782753506145
2468:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2431:(in French).
2430:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:(in French).
2395:
2388:
2380:
2378:9782910452384
2374:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2308:9782711605507
2304:
2300:
2293:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2255:9782910452384
2251:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2230:9780415144216
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2205:, p. 390
2204:
2199:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2164:9782902702114
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2140:, p. 481
2139:
2134:
2126:
2124:9782271064905
2120:
2116:
2109:
2094:
2092:9781148927992
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2061:(in French).
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:Groac'had vor
2045:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2005:
1999:, p. 218
1998:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1965:, p. 262
1964:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1926:(in French).
1925:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1877:9782868471697
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1847:
1845:9782352872818
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1821:, p. 107
1820:
1815:
1809:, p. 106
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1757:
1751:, p. 202
1750:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1678:9782857046080
1674:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1654:, p. 151
1653:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1631:, p. 108
1630:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1584:(in French).
1583:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1563:, p. 144
1562:
1557:
1555:
1548:, p. 156
1547:
1542:
1536:, p. 250
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1447:, p. 251
1446:
1441:
1435:, p. 196
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:includes the
1338:
1334:
1331:published by
1330:
1326:
1324:
1315:In literature
1312:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:mĂšre Engueule
1255:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1061:Be Ar Groac'h
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:Min-ar-Groach
1040:
1035:
1033:
1032:Ty-ar-Groac'h
1029:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1003:
997:
995:
989:
985:
983:
973:
971:
965:
961:
956:
946:
944:
942:
935:
931:
929:
923:
916:
914:
908:
903:
901:
897:
895:
889:
887:
880:
878:
874:
870:
869:Paul SĂ©billot
863:
861:
860:Groac'had vor
855:
850:
844:
842:
834:
832:
830:
823:
821:
815:
813:
807:
805:
799:
797:
791:
789:
783:
781:
774:
772:
763:
758:
756:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
640:
630:
624:
619:
615:
612:
605:
599:
594:
592:
590:
584:
580:
576:
574:
568:
564:
560:
558:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
534:
522:
520:
518:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
494:
487:
485:
479:
477:
471:
469:
463:
459:
455:
451:
445:
440:
436:
434:
422:
420:
416:
412:
411:shapeshifters
408:
407:Pierre Dubois
404:
400:
398:
392:
388:
384:
380:
378:
368:
364:
362:
355:
346:
344:
342:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:
307:
305:
293:
291:
289:
283:
279:
277:
271:
267:
263:
261:
255:
253:
247:
246:
241:
239:
233:
231:
219:
217:
213:
209:
207:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:CĂŽtes-d'Armor
185:
183:
177:
172:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
154:
148:
144:
140:
138:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
113:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
39:
31:
26:
23:
21:
4836:WeiĂe Frauen
4832:Witte Wieven
4604:MenninkÀinen
4385:Patupaiarehe
4308:Hungry ghost
4293:Orang bunian
4211:Fallen angel
4155:Nordic alien
3891:Wicked fairy
3831:Sleih beggey
3633:Lubber fiend
3623:Leanan sĂdhe
3568:Joan the Wad
3533:Hobbididance
3493:Gwyn ap Nudd
3472:
3210:Bloody Bones
3180:Baobhan sith
3170:Arkan Sonney
3087:Water spirit
3072:Hungry grass
3040:Fairy riding
2931:
2923:
2914:. Retrieved
2909:
2896:
2877:
2858:
2836:
2817:
2814:Ely, Richard
2795:
2773:. Retrieved
2768:
2752:. Retrieved
2747:
2731:
2715:Bibliography
2701:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2649:
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2627:LitteRealite
2626:
2594:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2495:
2491:
2481:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2441:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2368:
2362:
2355:Le Braz 2011
2350:
2343:Mozzani 2015
2338:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2298:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2271:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2220:
2210:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2180:
2173:
2154:
2145:
2133:
2114:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2081:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2037:Mozzani 2015
2032:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1987:
1977:
1970:
1953:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1893:
1886:
1867:
1854:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1792:
1783:
1778:, p. 78
1763:, p. 77
1756:
1744:
1718:. Retrieved
1712:
1697:, p. 21
1695:Le Stum 2003
1668:
1659:
1647:
1636:
1616:, p. 79
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1585:
1581:
1541:
1515:
1509:
1502:Mozzani 2015
1497:
1492:, p. 99
1485:
1480:, p. 74
1461:
1452:
1440:
1418:, p. 73
1399:Le Stum 2003
1394:
1376:
1372:
1365:Amber Dubois
1360:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1304:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1241:
1224:
1222:
1204:
1167:
1150:
1143:Ploubazlanec
1130:
1127:Plougrescant
1124:
1115:
1085:
1066:
1058:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1019:
1007:
999:
994:Men Er Groah
991:
979:
977:
970:Men Er Groah
967:
938:
925:
919:
910:
906:
891:
883:
881:
866:
857:
853:
847:
837:
826:
817:
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
768:
766:
761:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
702:
698:
696:
691:
687:
683:
664:
650:
644:
636:
634:
628:
608:
597:
586:
583:Coat-ann-noz
582:
570:
554:
530:
528:
514:
490:
481:
473:
465:
430:
428:
394:
374:
372:
358:
338:
310:
301:
299:
285:
273:
257:
249:
243:
235:
227:
225:
215:
203:
179:
173:
162:
150:
134:
109:
108:
106:
60:Sub grouping
41:
17:
4857:Santa Claus
4685:Hippocampus
4375:Muldjewangk
4236:Inari Ćkami
3886:Water horse
3871:Tylwyth Teg
3861:Tooth fairy
3749:Pillywiggin
3699:Moss people
3669:Meg Mullach
3573:Joint-eater
3458:Ghillie Dhu
3418:Fairy Queen
3200:Billy Blind
3155:Alp Luachra
3062:Genius loci
2988:in folklore
2682:Teulé, Jean
2517:Dubois 2008
2025:Morvan 1999
1819:Morvan 1999
1807:Morvan 1999
1776:Morvan 1999
1761:Morvan 1999
1749:Morvan 1999
1720:5 September
1629:Dubois 2008
1614:Morvan 1999
1599:3 September
1561:Morvan 1999
1490:Morvan 1999
1478:Morvan 1999
1433:Morvan 1999
1416:Morvan 1999
1401:, p. 7
1173: [
1104: [
1098:Celtomaniac
1078: [
886:vor Groac'h
672: [
621: [
565:district.
503:water horse
499:changelings
454:Richard Ely
442: [
330: [
327:Joseph Mahé
73:Witch, ogre
4955:Categories
4889:Salamander
4589:Jack Frost
4221:Há» ly tinh
4216:Fox spirit
4120:Grey alien
4080:Anchimayen
3881:Water bull
3826:Shellycoat
3744:Peg Powler
3729:Nuckelavee
3704:Nain Rouge
3628:Leprechaun
3523:Hinzelmann
3428:Fear gorta
3423:Fear dearg
3395:SvartĂĄlfar
3355:Each-uisge
3315:Colt pixie
3305:Clurichaun
3295:Ceffyl DƔr
3195:Bean nighe
3118:Fairy ring
3113:Fairy path
3103:Fairy fort
3045:Fairy tale
3030:Fairy-lock
3015:Changeling
2916:27 October
2775:23 October
2754:23 October
2703:20 October
2666:20 October
2632:20 October
2400:(2): 126.
2282:11 October
2188:11 October
1641:Ruaud 2010
1387:References
1369:Jean Teulé
1307:la Vieille
1287:la Vieille
1250:Peg Powler
1163:La Vieille
953:See also:
877:Port-Blanc
669:Lok Island
415:hobgoblins
349:Appearance
200:La Vieille
4869:Elemental
4559:Black dog
4273:Korpokkur
4226:Huli jing
4170:Pukwudgie
4150:Nimerigar
4110:Encantado
4054:Tikoloshe
4034:Mami Wata
4014:Bultungin
4004:Asanbosam
3945:Worldwide
3906:Wirry-cow
3759:PĂșca/Pwca
3694:Morvarc'h
3583:Kilmoulis
3538:Hobgoblin
3478:Grindylow
3453:Gancanagh
3433:Fenodyree
3385:HuldufĂłlk
3325:Cyhyraeth
3275:Bugul Noz
3108:Fairyland
2098:8 October
1730:cite book
1371:'s novel
1293:megaliths
1234:Arthurian
1217:Baba Yaga
1051:Plourac'h
990:, called
966:, called
907:The Fairy
661:Pont-Aven
511:FinistĂšre
387:korrigans
222:Etymology
161:'s story
4930:Category
4920:See also
4899:Wild man
4800:Alberich
4670:Farfadet
4660:Dionysus
4650:Cercopes
4640:Basajaun
4633:Southern
4544:Aitvaras
4537:Northern
4523:Vodyanoy
4518:VĂąntoase
4508:Vadleany
4503:Ursitory
4498:SpiriduÈ
4493:SĂąnzianÄ
4453:Kikimora
4448:KarzeĆek
4400:Wandjina
4365:Menehune
4324:Yakshini
4278:Mazzikin
4268:Kijimuna
4206:Dokkaebi
4160:Nûñnë'hï
4105:Curupira
4095:Chaneque
4090:Canotila
4068:Americas
3961:Succubus
3952:Bogeyman
3841:Spriggan
3821:Seonaidh
3674:Melusine
3608:Korrigan
3498:Habetrot
3488:Gwyllion
3468:Glashtyn
3463:Glaistig
3443:Finvarra
3345:Dullahan
3310:Coblynau
3300:ClĂodhna
3285:Cat sĂŹth
3280:Caoineag
3190:Barghest
3057:Familiar
2857:(1999).
2742:(1845).
2730:(1934).
2684:(2013).
2529:Rio 2006
2502:16 March
2498:(2): 113
2414:23667516
2219:(1996).
2153:(1983).
2079:(1911).
1862:(1995).
1791:(1894).
1667:(1999).
1588:(4): 7.
1534:Rio 2006
1445:Rio 2006
1375:(2013),
1349:Vindilis
1236:legend,
1195:Analysis
1147:Penvénan
934:Plouaret
730:korandon
718:korandon
714:groac'h'
709:korandon
657:Lannilis
553:finds a
218:(1983).
196:Morbihan
92:Brittany
82:Folklore
78:Folklore
50:Grouping
4966:Fairies
4894:Sandman
4822:Perchta
4817:Lorelei
4778:Western
4759:Thiasus
4744:Silenus
4695:Kobalos
4645:Centaur
4574:Haltija
4569:Gremlin
4488:Rusalka
4483:Psotnik
4478:Polevik
4473:Ovinnik
4438:Domovoy
4433:CÄpcÄun
4421:Eastern
4390:Taniwha
4348:Oceania
4241:Kitsune
4165:Pombero
4130:Ishigaq
4085:Caipora
4059:Yumboes
4039:Obayifo
3976:Mermaid
3971:Merfolk
3957:Incubus
3794:SkogsrÄ
3784:Radande
3774:BergsrÄ
3593:Knucker
3588:Knocker
3543:Hödekin
3508:Haltija
3473:Groac'h
3438:Finfolk
3380:Erlking
3375:Elegast
3340:Duergar
3290:CĂč SĂŹth
3270:Bugbear
3265:Buggane
3250:Brownie
3240:Boobrie
3230:Boggart
3215:Bluecap
3185:Banshee
3020:Elfshot
2986:Fairies
2325:groac'h
1866:(ed.).
1794:mineurs
1379:groac'h
1355:groac'h
1343:groac'h
1323:groac'h
1299:groac'h
1275:groac'h
1244:groac'h
1227:groac'h
1207:groac'h
1153:groac'h
1139:Loguivy
1133:groac'h
1118:groagez
1088:Groac'h
1069:groac'h
1041:called
1010:groac'h
982:groac'h
913:Groac'h
900:distaff
894:groac'h
829:groac'h
820:groac'h
812:groac'h
804:groac'h
796:groac'h
788:groac'h
780:groac'h
771:groac'h
737:groac'h
726:groac'h
722:groac'h
703:groac'h
699:groac'h
692:groac'h
688:groac'h
684:groac'h
665:groac'h
639:groac'h
631:(1891).
627:, from
611:groac'h
589:groac'h
573:groagez
563:Lannion
557:groac'h
551:Plestin
533:groac'h
517:groagez
507:pikeman
493:groagez
484:groac'h
476:groac'h
468:groac'h
458:witches
450:undines
433:groac'h
397:groagez
377:groagez
361:groac'h
341:groac'h
313:groac'h
304:groagez
288:Groac'h
276:groac'h
260:groac'h
252:groagez
230:groac'h
206:groac'h
182:groac'h
153:groac'h
137:groagez
133:", pl.
112:groac'h
98:Habitat
88:Country
20:Groac'h
4996:Crones
4879:Goblin
4827:Vittra
4790:Dusios
4764:Trenti
4754:Squasc
4700:Lamina
4680:Hecate
4564:Gabija
4549:Ajatar
4463:Lidérc
4428:Bannik
4414:Europe
4360:Manaia
4355:Bunyip
4320:Yaksha
4315:Tennin
4283:Mogwai
4246:Kumiho
4231:Huxian
4201:Diwata
4180:Trauco
3999:Abatwa
3992:Africa
3981:Merman
3876:Undine
3836:Sluagh
3816:Selkie
3811:Sebile
3806:Schrat
3801:Redcap
3779:Hulder
3739:Oberon
3734:Nuggle
3689:Morgen
3679:Merrow
3643:Ly Erg
3598:Kobold
3578:Kelpie
3413:Fachan
3350:Dunnie
3335:Duende
3225:Bodach
3160:Anjana
3150:Aibell
3145:Adhene
2938:
2924:errata
2884:
2865:
2843:
2824:
2802:
2694:
2657:
2601:
2576:
2469:
2435:: 241.
2412:
2375:
2305:
2252:
2227:
2161:
2121:
2089:
2065:: 391.
1874:
1842:
1675:
1266:Cosges
1256:, the
1159:Ushant
1053:. In
1039:menhir
1026:. At
873:Trégor
712:, the
543:Vannes
505:and a
403:walrus
383:Kerodi
367:walrus
321:" or "
319:morgen
147:walrus
129:" or "
119:Breton
44:(1891)
4981:Ogres
4884:Gnome
4874:Fates
4795:Dwarf
4749:Siren
4739:Satyr
4722:Nymph
4710:Mouro
4705:Mairu
4655:Circe
4619:Troll
4599:Lauma
4584:Hiisi
4513:VĂąlvÄ
4468:Likho
4458:Leshy
4395:Tipua
4380:Nawao
4370:Mimis
4334:YĆsei
4329:YĆkai
4303:Preta
4258:Irshi
4253:Hyang
4135:Jogah
4049:Simbi
4044:Rompo
4029:Kishi
4024:Jengu
4019:Eloko
4009:Aziza
3896:Wight
3856:Tomte
3851:Sylph
3789:SjörÄ
3754:Pixie
3724:Nixie
3719:Nisse
3638:Lutin
3448:Fuath
3330:Drude
3320:Crone
3260:Bucca
3235:Bogle
3205:BirĂłg
3175:Asrai
2410:JSTOR
1995:, in
1961:, in
1944:, in
1303:with
1281:Crone
1213:Crone
1185:Venus
1177:]
1112:Groix
1108:]
1092:) in
1082:]
1055:Cavan
676:]
625:]
579:Ankou
539:naiad
446:]
334:]
323:siren
238:groah
192:Groix
143:ogres
131:crone
127:witch
123:fairy
121:for "
64:Fairy
4769:Vila
4727:List
4675:Faun
4554:Badb
4528:ZĂąnÄ
4443:Iele
4298:Peri
4263:Jinn
4194:Asia
4175:Saci
4145:Muki
4075:Alux
3911:Xana
3866:Trow
3764:Puck
3659:Mare
3245:Brag
3050:List
2936:ISBN
2918:2018
2882:ISBN
2863:ISBN
2841:ISBN
2822:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2777:2018
2756:2018
2705:2018
2692:ISBN
2668:2018
2655:ISBN
2634:2018
2599:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2504:2015
2467:ISBN
2373:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2284:2018
2250:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2190:2018
2159:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2100:2018
2087:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1736:link
1722:2018
1673:ISBN
1601:2018
1271:The
1232:the
1203:The
1189:Isis
1141:(in
1094:Prat
1075:AhĂšs
1002:groh
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