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date and a ritual calendar function. The latter support their view mainly with the idea that the direction of each groove might be given an astronomical interpretation, where each groove would mark a sightline towards a certain celestial phenomenon that may be reconstructed for a certain year during
196:
The grooves began to attract scholarly attention in the 1850s. At first they were called "sharpening stones", but later they received the name "sword sharpening stones". After some time, newspapers and scholarly publications began to dispute this, since the shape of the grooves makes them unfit for
220:
on
Gotland carry grooves that have been made after the relief of the stones was carved, which show the grooves to be late. Likewise with the level above current sea surface of the lowest grooved outcrops on the island, that shows them to be no older than AD 1000 judging from post-glacial
394:
Lindström, Jonathan (1997). "Fornlämningarnas orientering på Gotland: en kritisk granskning av den arkeoastronomiska tolkningen av slipskåror samt en studie av riktningsfördelningen hos öns forntida gravar, hus och medeltida kyrkor". In Janzon, Gunborg O.; Åkerlund, Agneta (eds.).
197:
sharpening swords. Another reason was that by 1933, more than 500 sites with grooves had been identified on
Gotland. They were evenly distributed across the island. It was also noted that they ran in different directions and often crossed each other.
163:. The Aube district had more than 130 monuments from this period including 49 grooves before 1927. Today there are only 34 including 16 grooves. Many stones were cut into roadstones or building blocks for homes.
193:
outcrops, while the remainder are on c. 800 boulders and slabs. The grooves are 50–100 cm (20–39 in) long, c. 10 cm (3.9 in) deep and c. 10 cm (3.9 in)wide.
293:
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A stone with grooves that has been put in the border of a prehistoric grave. The grooves are on the side of the stone. Gotland
504:
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The dates and function of the grooves on
Gotland have seen debate in recent decades between archaeologists who argue for a
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decoration is carved into the bottom of a groove, meaning that this groove must be older than the picture.
551:
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a face of sandstone rock is engraved with thousands of grooves. Local tradition says they were made as
213:. The grooves under overhangs in Scania cannot have been used as sightlines in this suggested manner.
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399:. SAR : Stockholm archaeological reports, 1101–3087 ; 33. Stockholm: Dept of Archaeology,
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shoreline displacement. It has been suggested that on one picture stone, part of the Late
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and some industrial function, and proponents of an alternative theory who argue for a
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436:. Stockholm: Svenska sällskapet för antropologi och geografi. pp. H. 2–3.
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97:) carved into rock in many places in Europe, and some of them appear on the
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Swanström, Lennart (1995). "Slipskåror och järnhantering på Gotland".
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Grooves in a fan-shaped pattern and with one crossing, Gotland, Sweden
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Grooves, the one at left at the edge of another one, Gotland, Sweden.
294:"Bedrock on which Neolithic man sharpened stone tools found in T.N."
1973:
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Munthe, Henr (1933). "Om
Gotlands s.k. Svärdslipningsstenar".
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105:. They are common in France, where they were used to polish
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Royal
Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities
457:"Nya undersökningar av bildstenen från Othemars i Othem"
177:
Neolithic
Grooves have been found in Tamil Nadu, India.
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The
Gotlandic grinding grooves – Stone age calendars?
112:In Sweden, there are also grooves in north-western
350:
346:
344:
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147:date from c. 2500 to 2000 BCE. People who built
39:Cut of a groove measured in a groove on Gotland.
353:"Astronomisk tolkning av slipskĂĄror pĂĄ Gotland"
341:
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170:in Finland and in Luxembourg, as well as at
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124:located 14 km (8.7 mi) south of
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185:3,600 grooves have been discovered on
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14:
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1636:Megalithic architectural elements
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397:Till Gunborg: arkeologiska samtal
71:Detail of the grooves in Gantofta
1323:
477:
292:Subramanian, TS (3 April 2013).
266:Subramanian, TS (21 July 2016).
166:Grooves have also been found in
135:Grooves in France date from the
2255:Evolutionary origin of religion
448:
425:
387:
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285:
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244:"Sliprännornas praktiska bruk"
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155:and made grooves supported an
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1868:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1398:British megalith architecture
268:"Footprints of Neolithic age"
228:
1863:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1403:Nordic megalith architecture
216:Certain late 1st-millennium
7:
63:Grooves in Gantofta, Scania
10:
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2011:British Isles and Brittany
1932:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
455:Henriksson, Göran (1988).
351:Henriksson, Göran (1983).
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317:Gannholm, Sören (1993).
16:Grooves carved into rock
2243:Evolutionary musicology
1646:Oldest extant buildings
1573:Archaeological features
1092:Prepared-core technique
327:]. Sören Gannholm.
2205:Unchambered long cairn
2053:Mound Builders culture
1386:Neolithic architecture
521:Prehistoric technology
484:Archaeological grooves
189:, of which 700 are in
157:archaeological culture
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2367:Archaeology of Sweden
1880:List of Stone Age art
1082:Microblade technology
1030:Langdale axe industry
628:Ard / plough
242:MĂĄrtensson, Torsten.
93:. Sw-En translation:
70:
62:
54:
46:
38:
30:
22:
2287:Prehistoric medicine
2282:Prehistoric counting
2265:Prehistoric religion
2260:Paleolithic religion
2238:Behavioral modernity
1595:Causewayed enclosure
1487:Abri de la Madeleine
611:Neolithic Revolution
486:at Wikimedia Commons
403:. pp. 497–508.
401:Stockholm University
2326:Prehistoric warfare
1072:Magdalenian culture
1035:Levallois technique
966:Earliest toolmaking
383:(67). Visby: 11–18.
320:Gotlands slipskĂĄror
2277:Origin of language
2270:Spiritual drug use
2180:Rectangular dolmen
2082:Dartmoor kistvaens
1895:Carved stone balls
1607:Circular enclosure
1566:Other architecture
1509:Alp pile dwellings
1097:Solutrean industry
1008:Gravettian culture
658:Secondary products
202:High Medieval date
95:sharpening grooves
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55:Grooves on Gotland
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2248:music archaeology
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1730:Clothing/textiles
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1102:Striking platform
1067:Lithic technology
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937:Game drive system
856:Projectile points
748:Mortar and pestle
482:Media related to
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2372:Archaeoastronomy
2314:Divje Babe flute
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1964:Petrosomatoglyph
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1855:Prehistoric art
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1588:fulacht fiadh
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824:spear-thrower
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802:Bow and arrow
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711:Grinding slab
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643:Domestication
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638:Digging stick
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616:Founder crops
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557:New Stone Age
555:
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2131:wedge-shaped
2116:Funeral pyre
2109:Great dolmen
2065:Chamber tomb
2046:Round barrow
2001:Stone circle
1873:Blombos Cave
1801:Grooved ware
1725:Chalcolithic
1629:Thornborough
1547:Flush toilet
1482:Blombos Cave
1477:Rock shelter
1433:Quiggly hole
1325:Architecture
1300:illustration
1022:
942:Buffalo jump
763:Storage pits
726:Aşıklı Höyük
716:Ground stone
552:Subdivisions
460:
450:
433:
427:
396:
389:
380:
374:
359:
324:
319:
312:
300:. Retrieved
296:
287:
275:. Retrieved
271:
261:
250:
237:
215:
199:
195:
184:
176:
174:in England.
172:Fyfield Down
165:
143:. Those in
140:
134:
111:
94:
76:
74:
2153:unchambered
2148:Long barrow
2138:Grave goods
2094:Court cairn
2089:Clava cairn
2041:Bowl barrow
1979:Rock cupule
1922:Golden hats
1915:Hill figure
1816:Unstan ware
1796:Cord-marked
1661:Sweet Track
1583:Burnt mound
1504:Stilt house
1492:Sibudu Cave
1285:Tally stick
1253:Quern-stone
1238:Hammerstone
1228:Fire plough
1199:Pesse canoe
1157:Bannerstone
1127:Other tools
1040:Lithic core
988:Aurignacian
876:Bare Island
758:Quern-stone
302:21 December
277:21 December
126:Helsingborg
2361:Categories
2292:trepanning
2185:Ring cairn
2143:Jar burial
2126:transepted
2058:U.S. sites
1959:Petroglyph
1885:Bird stone
1843:wine press
1516:Stone roof
1499:Roundhouse
1391:long house
1368:Stonehenge
1336:Ceremonial
1280:Stone tool
1107:Tool stone
1077:Metallurgy
981:Mousterian
958:Toolmaking
896:Cumberland
869:Transverse
839:Schöningen
731:Qesem cave
699:Earth oven
653:Irrigation
564:Technology
532:Prehistory
361:Fornvännen
252:Fornvännen
229:References
151:, erected
141:polissoirs
130:whetstones
107:stone axes
101:island of
99:Baltic Sea
90:slipskĂĄror
85:sliprännor
75:There are
2377:Neolithic
2336:symbolism
2200:Tor cairn
2158:Grønsalen
2099:Cremation
1991:Sculpture
1969:Pictogram
1954:Petroform
1774:amber use
1742:Cosmetics
1552:Reservoir
1537:Check dam
1467:Pueblitos
1462:Pit-house
1445:Longhouse
1379:Dwellings
1248:Microlith
1179:Bow drill
1174:Bone tool
1167:prismatic
976:Acheulean
891:Cresswell
864:Arrowhead
790:Boomerang
706:Granaries
668:Terracing
547:Stone Age
297:The Hindu
272:The Hindu
211:Stone Age
206:Neolithic
191:limestone
159:known as
137:Neolithic
1974:Rock art
1937:painting
1910:Geoglyph
1735:timeline
1715:Beadwork
1455:Mehrgarh
1450:Mudbrick
1358:megalith
1233:Fire-saw
1055:debitage
1050:analysis
1018:Hand axe
998:Cupstone
576:Glossary
537:Timeline
223:Iron Age
168:Tavastia
122:Gantofta
2331:Symbols
1942:pigment
1828:Weaving
1791:Cardium
1786:Pottery
1781:Mirrors
1769:Jewelry
1710:Baskets
1690:culture
1542:Cistern
1348:Pyramid
1290:Weapons
1268:Scraper
1258:Racloir
1218:Cleaver
1206:Chopper
1112:Uniface
1023:Grooves
1013:Hafting
971:Oldowan
930:Systems
881:Cascade
844:woomera
834:harpoon
807:history
773:Hunting
753:Pottery
694:Cooking
603:Farming
569:history
542:Outline
442:8258525
419:7452427
187:Gotland
181:Gotland
153:menhirs
149:dolmens
118:Halland
103:Gotland
81:Swedish
77:grooves
2309:flutes
2104:Dolmen
2028:Burial
1838:winery
1811:Linear
1641:Midden
1619:Cursus
1612:Goseck
1472:Pueblo
1423:Dugout
1408:Burdei
1087:Mining
911:Lamoka
906:Folsom
886:Clovis
743:Metate
721:Hearth
689:Basket
663:Sickle
440:
438:SELIBR
417:
415:SELIBR
407:
331:
145:l’Aube
114:Scania
2226:sites
2170:Mummy
1890:Cairn
1806:JĹŤmon
1757:shoes
1752:Hides
1624:Henge
1578:Broch
1440:Jacal
1295:Wheel
1243:Knife
1189:Canoe
1184:Burin
1162:Blade
1060:flake
921:Plano
829:baton
819:Spear
785:Arrow
738:Manos
591:Tools
356:(PDF)
323:[
247:(PDF)
120:. In
2319:gudi
2077:Cist
2006:list
1833:Wine
1762:Ă–tzi
1747:Glue
1720:Beds
1688:and
1686:Arts
1557:Well
1413:Cave
1343:Kiva
1273:side
1263:Rope
1211:tool
1145:bone
1135:Adze
901:Eden
814:Nets
684:Fire
648:Goad
633:Celt
434:YMER
405:ISBN
329:ISBN
304:2016
279:2016
209:the
116:and
1428:Hut
1363:row
1194:Oar
1152:Axe
1140:Awl
2363::
459:.
413:.
364:.
358:.
343:^
270:.
249:.
132:.
109:.
87:,
83::
513:e
506:t
499:v
463:.
444:.
421:.
368:.
337:.
306:.
281:.
255:.
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.