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was responsible for just under 10% of salaried jobs in the overseas department, though there are estimates that as many as 9,000 people are employed directly and indirectly as a result of activities at the spaceport. The Guiana Space Centre (or CSG) is one of the spaceports in the world that receives the most traffic, and it receives large amounts of funding from the
European Space Agency (ESA), with the organisation covering around 66% of the spaceport's annual budget, as well as financing new facilities. Indigenous and local activist groups argue that mainland France is only interested in French Guiana as far as the space centre is concerned, and the funding that the space centre receives is symbolic given the inequity in living standards seen between the department and mainland France. For example, despite there being high poverty levels and unemployment rates of over 20% in the department, the cost of living remains high due to a dependence on mainland France for imported food and resources, yet large amounts of funding are invested in the space programme, rather than in public services for the department.
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across the entire country, and resonated in mainland France. On 21 March 2017, the launch of an Ariane 5 rocket carrying a
Brazilian satellite and a South Korean satellite was prevented due to protesters and workers on strike from the CSG blockading the centre. Further strikes and occupation of the space centre meant that the satellites were not launched until May 2017. Negotiations between the French government and Guianese protesters resulted in a rejection of a €1.1 billion offer made by the French, with the Guianese demanding at least €3 billion in aid. Since the protests, CNES (National Centre for Space Studies), the French government space agency that operates the spaceport, added an additional €10 million to the €40 million it had already pledged to fund economic and social programmes in French Guiana.
1645:
1630:
1611:
1448:, between ELA-3 and ELS launch facilities. CNES was responsible for the construction of the Ariane 6 ground segments including the new launch pad. Earthworks on the 150 hectare launch site began at the end of June 2015 and was completed at the start of 2016. Four platforms were levelled to accommodate the launch pad, the liquid oxygen and hydrogen tanks and the assembly building. Civil engineering works on the flame trench and other buildings began in the summer of 2016 and ended in 2019. The new launch facility was inaugurated on 28 September 2021 with first flight of the Ariane 6 conducted on 9 July 2024.
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995:, Algeria. In 1975, France offered to share Kourou with the ESA, with ESA covering today two thirds of Guiana Space Centre's budget. Commercial launches are also bought by non-European companies. ESA pays two-thirds of the spaceport's annual budget and has also financed the upgrades made during the development of the
1693:. Before and during launch windows, CSG facility security is significantly enhanced by anti-personnel and anti-aircraft measures, the exact configurations of which are classified by the French military. All entrants to the launch complex are also subject to checks for proof of permission to enter the facility.
2377:
The space sector was responsible for about 15% of French Guiana's GDP in 2014, around half of the 28% it was in 1990. This reduction is mostly due to expansion in other sectors, rather than decreasing space activity. As of 2020, the space sector employed 4,620 people in Guiana, meaning the industry
2381:
The department became the site of strikes and protests throughout March and April 2017, which were held to highlight the insecurity and infrastructural issues facing French Guiana. Alongside 30 labour unions who launched strikes, the
Collective of 500 Brothers led protests in Kourou, which spread
1564:
Astrium assembles each Ariane 5 launcher in the
Launcher Integration Building. The vehicle is then delivered to the Final Assembly Building for payload integration by Arianespace. The Final Assembly Building is located 2.8 km (1.7 mi) from the ELA-3 launch zone. The mobile launch table
1514:
commune, 27 km (17 mi) from Kourou harbor. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of the site used for the Ariane 5 launches. Under the terms of the Russo-European joint venture, ESA will augment its own launch vehicle fleet with Soyuz rockets – using them to launch ESA or commercial
1335:
launches. The complex consisted of two areas: the launcher preparation zone and the launch pad, separated by one kilometre, allowing a launcher to be assembled in the preparation zone while another launch from the pad. A mobile service tower at the launch pad provided a protected environment for
1533:
On 13 September 2010, Spaceflight Now reported that after several delays in the construction of a mobile gantry the launch pad had been finished, and the first flight of the Soyuz was expected to occur in early 2011. By
October 2010, 18 launch contracts were signed. Arianespace has ordered 24
2048:
As of 2017, Kourou counts amongst the spaceports with the highest percentage of successful launches, both successive and overall. Here is a chronology of all orbital launches from the Kourou spaceport since 1970, under the French and
European space programmes.
1530:, with CNES being the prime contractor. The project has a projected cost of approximately €320 million, where €120 million are allocated for modernizing the Soyuz vehicle. The official opening of the launch site construction occurred on 27 February 2007.
1121:
Additionally, the centre's location adjacent to the open sea to the east reduces the potential risk of rocket stages and debris from launch failures falling on or near human settlements, which enhances safety during spaceflight activities.
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operates the launches including planning missions, handing customer relationships and overseeing the team at CSG at that integrates and prepares vehicles for launch. The rockets themselves are designed and produced by other companies,
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1144:
The location of the Guiana Space Centre provides benefits for launching spacecraft into low-inclination or geostationary Earth orbits. Rockets of similar size to those used at other spaceports to place satellites into
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943:. Kourou is located approximately 500 kilometres (310 mi; 270 nmi) north of the equator at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its near
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launched the DIAL/MIKA and DIAL/WIKA satellites. DIAL/MIKA failed during launch, but it entered orbit with a total mass of 111 kg. DIAL/WIKA provided data for about two months after launch.
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1868:(NBN-Co 1B) is a communication satellite launched on an Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle. Sky Muster II is the second satellite of an operation to improve Australia's internet with the NBN program.
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5 July 2012 – The uncrewed Ariane 5 rocket took off to send an
American communication satellite and European weather-monitoring spacecraft into orbit. Liftoff occurred at 21:36 UTC.
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position. A Soyuz rocket with a 1.7 tones to geostationary transfer orbit performance from
Baikonur will increase its payload potential to 2.8 tones from the Guiana launch site.
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payloads – and the
Russians will get access to the Kourou spaceport for launching their own payloads with Soyuz rockets. Russia will use the Guiana Space Centre in addition to
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At CSG, space launches are conducted by several
European private companies and government agencies working together. The CSG land itself is managed by
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1969:
1141:, with a latitude of 28.5°, can only be launched to an inclination of 28.5°, requiring a significant amount of propellant to change the inclination.
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1010:. The center resumed operation on 24 April 2017, after an emergency relief plan of up to 2.1 billion euros was authorized by the French government.
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space probe on an 8-year journey to Jupiter, including four gravity assist maneuvers at the Moon, Earth, and Venus, where it will study three of
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satellites were launched using a Soyuz-ST rocket, in the "first Russian Soyuz vehicle ever launched from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana.".
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or geostationary Earth orbits, as rockets can be launched into orbits with an inclination of as low as 6°. In contrast, a rocket launched from
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The location of the space centre was selected based on various factors. One of the primary benefits of this spaceport is its proximity to the
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1741:'s first satellite ST-1, which was launched back in 1998. It will provide 20% more transponder capacity and a wider coverage footprint than
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1232:. One Europa-II was launched from the site in 1971, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem, before the program was cancelled.
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1802:, lifted off at 10:00 UTC on its maiden voyage. The launcher released nine satellites into orbit: two Italian satellites and seven
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2014:
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completes the trip with an Ariane 5 in about one hour. It is then secured in place over the launch pad's flame ducts.
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1519:. The Guiana location has the significant benefit of greatly increased payload capability, owing to the near
1133:
it provides. The near-equatorial location of the Guiana Space Centre offers an advantage for launches to low-
1084:
1024:
1054:
9001:
6245:
4093:
1857:
launch vehicle. Sky Muster is the first satellite of an operation to improve Australia's internet with the
1457:
1146:
710:
8550:
3929:"Accessibility to Space Infrastructures and Outer Space: Anthropological Insights from Europe's Spaceport"
1235:
The pad at Giunana was demolished and subsequently rebuilt as the first launch complex for Ariane as ELA (
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2018:
1987:
1962:
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rockets. The first Soyuz launch from ELS was postponed several times, but launched on 21 October 2011.
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In 1964, Guiana was selected to become the spaceport of France, replacing France's first launch site
5117:
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satellites was launched. This was the first launch of a Soyuz rocket at the Centre Spatial Guyanais.
954:, the French national space agency. The launch infrastructure built on the CSG land is owned by the
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Particularly regarding the colonial history the site has been identified as carrying a heritage of
1980:
1106:, which makes it more efficient, requiring substantially less energy, to launch spacecraft into an
2890:
1161:(LEO). For example, the Proton rocket, launched from high latitudes in Russia, can only send 6,270
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14 February 2017 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the commercial communication satellites
1585:
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996:
5059:
3560:"Farewell, Ariane 5! Europe's workhorse rocket launches 2 satellites on final mission (video)"
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1821:
1690:
1556:, CEO of Arianespace, "there will no longer be Soyuz launches" from the Guiana Space Center.
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payload installation and final preparation of the rocket. Following the retirement of the
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3454:"European Vega rocket suffers major launch failure, satellites for Spain and France lost"
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3909:
3431:"Ariane 5 launches Mission Extension Vehicle, two communications satellites to orbit"
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1835:
to orbit. It is the first geostationary satellite built by a Latin American country,
1788:
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1698:
662:
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3199:
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1842:
30 September 2015 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the communication satellite
7549:
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5573:
5428:
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3901:
3019:
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1901:
1784:
1130:
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350:
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3174:""Il n'y aura pas de prochain lancement Soyouz depuis le Centre Spatial Guyanais""
2556:""Il n'y aura pas de prochain lancement Soyouz depuis le Centre Spatial Guyanais""
1831:
16 October 2014 – An Ariane 5 launch vehicle carrying the communication satellite
167:
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5601:
5434:
5247:
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4699:
4571:
4194:
4144:
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3370:
3074:
3026:
2916:"The Spaceport's ELA-2 launch facility is dismantled after an illustrious career"
2792:"Commercial Launch Vehicle | ILS Proton Breeze M | International Launch Services"
2655:
2633:
2345:
2173:
2003:
1999:
1803:
1733:
21 May 2011 – 04:38 (GMT+08:00) An Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle launched carrying
1229:
1158:
530:
474:
4551:
3735:"How a handful of South American protestors took Europe's space program hostage"
1846:
to orbit, being the second Argentine geostationary satellite built in two years.
8488:
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5405:
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1995:
1955:
1886:(Intelsat 32e) and Telekom 3S launched the satellites to a geostationary orbit.
1758:
1527:
1250:
3405:"BepiColombo Spacecraft Launch on 7-Year Trek to Mercury for Europe and Japan"
1344:, In September 2011, the pad's service tower was demolished using explosives.
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2007:
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13 December 2022 — An Ariane 5 launched the first third generation Meteosat:
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512:
491:
236:
223:
96:
4010:– information on current and upcoming Ariane missions; list of past missions
3657:"French space agency pledges 10-million-euro boost to French Guiana economy"
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Furthermore, rockets typically launch towards the east to take advantage of
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1706:. Now a tourist site, the islands are under the launching trajectory for
1678:
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959:
495:
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5687:
4001:
3311:"Arianespace VSO2 mission: Soyuz STA orbits Pleiades 1A, ELISA and SSOT"
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to orbit. It is the first of the ESA's "Small-GEO" class of satellites.
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launches from 1988 until 2003. Before 1988, although purpose-built for
1165:
kg to GTO, while the Kourou-launched Ariane 5 can send more than 10,000
784:
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756:
739:
149:
4013:
2712:"Guyane : le Centre spatial guyanais occupé par des manifestants"
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3928:
3508:"Europe's Vega C rocket fails on 2nd-ever mission, 2 satellites lost"
2952:"The Ariane 6 system: On board-ground interfaces and launch facility"
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announced that it was suspending operations at ELS as a reaction to
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3817:"Strikes Shut Down French Guiana, With Effects Resonating in Paris"
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1791:. This was the second launch of a Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre.
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Redfield, Peter (2002). "The Half-Life of Empire in Outer Space".
3761:"Has anything changed since French Guiana's 2017 social upheaval?"
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5109:
4154:
3273:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3249:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2502:
2162:
1991:
1951:
1940:
1872:
1843:
1832:
1765:
1738:
1720:
1635:
1520:
1504:
1103:
1091:
1075:
1002:
On 4 April 2017, the center was occupied by 30 labour unions and
944:
423:
417:
400:
387:
1889:
25 January 2018 – Partial failure of Ariane 5 launch vehicle on
1526:
The ELS project is being co-funded by Arianespace, ESA, and the
1364:) was active between 4 June 1996 and 5 July 2023, launching the
46:
6891:
6523:
6293:
6227:
6057:
5617:
4364:
4324:
1858:
1817:
936:
924:
92:
2668:
Gorman, Alice (2009). "The Archaeology of Space Exploration".
1775:
17 December 2011 – A Soyuz carrying the French space agency's
8846:
8732:
6733:
6404:
6320:
6269:
6215:
5622:
5400:
4860:
4831:
4746:
4581:
4576:
4379:
4374:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4068:
2704:
2473:
European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications
1936:
1896:
19 October 2018 – An Ariane 5 launched the European-Japanese
1799:
1408:
1353:
1178:
799:
629:
544:
445:
134:
2736:. 23 April 2017. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017
8310:
8052:
7578:
7215:
6866:
6841:
6821:
5342:
5161:
4885:
4620:
4369:
3222:"Ariane 5 rolls out for Arianespace's fifth launch of 2007"
3087:"Europe To Pay Russia To Build Soyuz Pad At Kourou: Russia"
2820:
1816:) launched the advanced multi-band communication satellite
1742:
1734:
972:
951:
138:
3868:"Strike-delayed European rocket launches in French Guiana"
3115:"Arianespace hosts meeting of launch system manufacturers"
2627:"Installation of the Guiana Space Center in French Guiana"
3973:
3842:"Spaceport protest delays rocket launch in French Guiana"
3534:"ESA launches JUICE to Jupiter's icy moons atop Ariane 5"
2999:"ELA-4 launch complex inaugurated at Guiana Space Centre"
260:
130:
1853:(NBN-Co 1A) is a communication satellite launched on an
1696:
The Guiana Space Centre (as per CNES) also contains the
1588:
launched from the Guiana Space Centre on 10 August 1992.
1399:
and covers an area of 21 km (8.1 sq mi).
2734:"French Guiana protests end with agreement - France 24"
3107:
3044:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138.
2661:
1550:
international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
3101:"Soyuz, Vega flights from French Guiana set for 2011"
1812:
30 August 2013 – Indian Space Research Organisation (
2408:
1839:, and the second one of the Americas, after the U.S.
1875:carrying the geostationary communication satellite
1256:In November 2001, it was refurbished again for the
3705:"Guyana: Protesters left the Guiana Space Center"
3680:
3200:"Arianespace receives its fifth Ariane 5 of 2008"
2344:Charts include all orbital launches from Kourou;
8993:
7050:
5813:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
4002:List of Stratospheric Balloons launched from CSG
3160:"Russia halts Soyuz launches from French Guiana"
3093:
2754:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1183:Originally built in the 1960s under the name of
1114:compared to launching from spaceports at higher
2908:
2883:
1975:21 December 2022 – Vega-C failed to launch two
1702:, a former penal colony including the infamous
5823:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
3382:Navy's first satellite GSAT-7 now in the Space
3224:. Arianespace. 8 November 2007. Archived from
1673:Fire safety is ensured by a detachment of the
16:French and European spaceport in French Guiana
8968:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
7036:
5703:
4762:
4202:
4029:
3364:India launches first defence satellite GSAT-7
3037:
2530:"Isar Aerospace to launch from French Guiana"
2497:European Space Research and Technology Centre
2248:
1820:. It was 17th Indian satellite launched from
1266:). The first launch was on 13 February 2012.
989:Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux
947:location and open sea to the east and north.
2809:
1961:25 December 2021 – An Ariane 5 launched the
1783:electronic intelligence satellites, and the
1467:
1359:
1283:
1261:
1236:
27:
3926:
3791:"French Guiana paralysed by general strike"
3732:
3130:"Soyuz Launches From Kourou for First Time"
1907:5 February 2019 – An Ariane 5 launched the
7043:
7029:
5972:European Launcher Development Organisation
5710:
5696:
4769:
4755:
4216:
4209:
4195:
4036:
4022:
3728:
3726:
3121:
1745:, with C-band and Ku-band coverage of the
1710:and have to be evacuated during launches.
1559:
45:
36:
6035:
5717:
3944:
3927:Korpershoek, Karlijn (26 December 2023).
3758:
3650:
3648:
3531:
1986:14 April 2023 – An Ariane 5 launched the
1950:17 November 2020 – Vega failed to launch
1681:. Security around the base is ensured by
3891:
3020:SpaceflightNow's VS01 flight status page
2658:. European Space Agency official website
1604:lifts off from Kourou on 29 August 2013.
1273:
4043:
3814:
3723:
3629:"Rapport Annuel Économoque Guyane 2020"
3289:"First Soyuz launch from French Guiana"
3127:
3117:(Press release). Evry. 11 October 2010.
2891:"Guiana Space Center - Site advantages"
2676:(1_suppl). SAGE Publications: 132–145.
8994:
3645:
3577:
3557:
2667:
2636:. Guiana Space Centre official website
2622:
2620:
2052:
1935:15 August 2020 – An Ariane 5 launched
1253:launches until being retired in 1989.
7024:
6034:
5934:Space Situational Awareness Programme
5691:
4750:
4190:
4017:
3654:
3583:
3451:
3333:"Successful lift-off for Vega rocket"
3286:
2845:. Space Launch Report. Archived from
2644:
2642:
1924:11 July 2019 – Vega failed to launch
1638:rollout to ELS pad on 9 October 2012.
1451:
1078:mobile service tower and flame trench
51:Panoramic view of Guiana Space Centre
9032:1968 establishments in South America
6981:
5977:European Space Research Organisation
5793:Space Research and Technology Centre
4729:
3933:International Journal of the Commons
3920:
3885:
3505:
2351:Historical data: launch tables from
2036:
2013:5 July 2023 – Ariane 5 launched two
7005:
3815:Breeden, Aurelien (27 March 2017).
3611:"Le Centre Spatial Guyanais - CNES"
3532:Davenport, Justin (14 April 2023).
3394:, 30 August 2013 by Madhumati D. S.
2922:. 26 September 2011. Archived from
2714:(in French). La Croix. 5 April 2017
2617:
1510:ELS is located on the territory of
1319:, built in 1986, had been used for
1008:2017 social unrest in French Guiana
13:
9017:Buildings and structures in Kourou
3759:MacDonald, Scott (20 April 2021).
3584:Clark, Stephen (26 October 2018).
3351:Centre National d'Études Spatiales
3068:Le Port Spatial de l'Europe (CNES)
2957:(in French). CNES. 4 November 2015
2867:. 13 February 2012. Archived from
2639:
1727:
1139:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
187:
14:
9048:
3965:
3452:Malik, Tariq (17 November 2020).
3264:"DIAL/WIKA - NSSDC ID: 1970-017A"
3240:"DIAL/MIKA - NSSDC ID: 1970-017B"
3128:Messier, Doug (22 October 2011).
2015:military communication satellites
1930:United Arab Emirates Armed Forces
1787:remote sensing satellite for the
1713:
1534:launchers from Russian industry.
1157:, can send similar payloads to a
8947:
8935:
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6992:
6980:
6969:
6968:
5798:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
4728:
4717:
4716:
4303:
4171:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
3733:D'Auria, Peter (17 April 2017).
3268:
3244:
3038:Harvey, Brian (10 August 2007).
2682:10.1111/j.1467-954x.2009.01821.x
2491:European Space Operations Centre
2461:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
2439:
2425:
2411:
1668:
1643:
1628:
1609:
1593:
1578:
1462:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
1172:
1083:
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1023:
166:
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3834:
3808:
3783:
3752:
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3551:
3525:
3506:Wall, Mike (21 December 2022).
3499:
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3339:
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2991:
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2853:
2843:"Pad List - World Launch Sites"
2835:
2784:
2762:
2503:European Space Tracking Network
2485:European Space Astronomy Centre
2372:
1656:lifts off from Kourou with the
1417:in the Roche Christine site at
6817:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
4776:
2726:
2599:
2574:
2548:
2522:
2385:
2032:launched on its maiden flight.
1779:Earth imaging satellite, four
1368:. This facility is located at
1361:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane-3
1285:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane-2
1:
9037:1968 establishments in France
9022:Rocket launch sites in France
3655:Henry, Caleb (27 July 2018).
3180:(in French). 15 December 2022
2562:(in French). 15 December 2022
2515:
2456:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1687:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1013:
7052:Public-sector space agencies
4004:– information from StratoCat
3558:Dinner, Josh (5 July 2023).
3479:"Launch Countdown Webb/NASA"
1737:Satellite twice as powerful
1503:for launching Russian-built
1469:Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz
1458:Ensemble de Lancement Soyouz
1238:Ensemble de Lancement Ariane
1147:geostationary transfer orbit
1006:leaders in the midst of the
7:
4932:Japanese private launches:
3347:"Follow Ariane launch live"
3202:. Arianespace. 28 July 2008
2404:
1568:
1278:An Ariane 4 rocket at ELA-2
893:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
9053:
6887:Mars sample return mission
6707:European Data Relay System
6387:Meteosat Second Generation
6300:James Webb Space Telescope
6162:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
5844:European Data Relay System
5818:Concurrent Design Facility
4830:Chinese private launches:
4695:Automated Transfer Vehicle
4008:Arianespace mission status
3906:10.1177/030631270203200508
2249:Flights by mission outcome
1963:James Webb Space Telescope
1719:10 March 1970 – The first
1658:James Webb Space Telescope
1455:
1413:ELA4 is located along the
1406:
1351:
1263:Ensemble de Lancement Vega
1176:
982:
172:Map of Guiana Space Centre
8962:
8879:
8755:
8713:
8571:
8149:
8031:
8024:
7837:
7754:
7678:
7510:
7451:
7435:
7428:
7303:
7189:
7182:
7088:
7065:
7058:
6960:
6925:
6787:
6716:
6646:
6578:
6510:Meteosat Third Generation
6369:Meteosat First Generation
6355:
6204:
6099:
6050:
6043:
6030:
6018:Planetary Science Archive
5985:
5964:
5852:
5831:
5803:European Astronaut Centre
5780:
5752:
5729:
5725:
5503:
5380:
5358:
5308:
5227:
5128:
5046:
4791:
4784:
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4687:
4656:
4640:
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4608:
4590:
4534:
4527:
4446:
4403:
4357:
4312:
4301:
4263:
4247:
4231:
4224:
4163:
4102:
4051:
3894:Social Studies of Science
3073:30 September 2008 at the
3001:. CNES. 28 September 2021
2467:European Astronaut Centre
2017:from France and Germany (
1919:SaudiGeosat-1/HellasSat-4
1911:Geostationary Satellite
1241:). Redesignated later as
1191:
888:GPX (primary coordinates)
863:Map all coordinates using
835:
822:
814:
806:
798:
767:
750:
733:
725:
717:
709:
686:
669:
652:
644:
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628:
597:
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543:
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485:
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126:
112:
102:
88:
78:
60:
55:
44:
35:
26:
2770:"Ariane 5 - Arianespace"
2654:26 November 2012 at the
2365:Encyclopedia Aeronautica
1981:Airbus Defence and Space
1798:, which was designed in
1685:forces, assisted by the
1537:On 21 October 2011, two
1402:
1347:
1269:
1230:Europa-II launch vehicle
871:Download coordinates as:
9027:Space program of France
5929:Living Planet Programme
5788:Space Operations Centre
5639:Soviet Union / Russia:
4560:Safran Aircraft Engines
3681:European Space Agency.
2670:The Sociological Review
2353:List of Ariane launches
2025:) as its final mission.
1794:13 February 2012 – The
1560:Final assembly building
1539:Galileo IOV-1 and IOV-2
1048:final assembly building
909:Centre spatial guyanais
119:Philippe Lier, Director
29:Centre spatial guyanais
6240:Hubble Space Telescope
5808:Space Astronomy Centre
4218:Ariane (rocket family)
3998:– information from ESA
3369:4 January 2016 at the
3353:. CNES. 23 April 2015.
3041:Space Exploration 2007
2979:. ESA. 5 November 2021
1468:
1360:
1284:
1279:
1262:
1237:
1197:), the pad located at
958:. The private company
908:
682:/ Heinrich Hertz)
197:
66:; 60 years ago
28:
9007:European Space Agency
6037:Projects and missions
5719:European Space Agency
4891:Shahroud Space Center
4616:European Space Agency
2479:European Space Agency
2330: Partial Failure
2043:As of 10 October 2023
1691:French Foreign Legion
1544:On 26 February 2022,
1277:
1228:was designed for the
956:European Space Agency
883:GPX (all coordinates)
191:
150:centrespatialguyanais
108:7,500 indirect (2011)
8974:Soviet space program
6637:European Robotic Arm
6481:Sentinel-5 Precursor
5360:International waters
4089:(under construction)
4069:ELA-1 / ELV / CECLES
3994:15 June 2012 at the
3683:"Europe's Spaceport"
2938:"Europe's spaceport"
2649:"Europe's Spaceport"
2582:"Europe's Spaceport"
2509:French space program
2433:South America portal
1871:28 January 2017 – A
1764:21 October 2011 – A
1708:geosynchronous orbit
1660:on 25 December 2021.
1436:5.26258°N 52.79074°W
1327:, the pad hosted an
1185:Base Équatoriale du
923:to the northwest of
83:Government of France
9002:Guiana Space Centre
8124:Guiana Space Centre
6962:Future missions in
6008:European Space Camp
5739:Guiana Space Centre
5331:Barreira do Inferno
5036:Dombarovsky / Yasny
4836:Wenchang Commercial
4320:Guiana Space Centre
4045:Guiana Space Centre
3387:1 November 2014 at
3228:on 25 January 2008.
3162:. 26 February 2022.
3025:14 May 2015 at the
2849:on 22 October 2009.
2053:Flights by launcher
1891:Ariane flight VA241
1755:Indian subcontinent
1517:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1487: /
1466:ESA has built ELS (
1432: /
1383: /
1303: /
1212: /
1149:(GTO), such as the
1112:geostationary orbit
905:Guiana Space Centre
831:(multiple payloads)
308:ALFS launch history
233: /
208:
207:Guiana Space Centre
106:1,700 direct (2020)
23:
22:Guiana Space Centre
6812:Ceres Polar Lander
6647:Telecommunications
5510:Algeria / France:
5142:Cape Canaveral SFS
5118:Spaceport Cornwall
3989:Europe's Spaceport
3140:on 25 October 2011
2817:"EUROPA II (1971)"
2632:1 May 2016 at the
2419:Spaceflight portal
1683:French Gendarmerie
1677:, a branch of the
1675:Paris Fire Brigade
1452:ELS / Soyuz at CSG
1441:5.26258; -52.79074
1280:
1245:, it was used for
1033:launch pad in 2017
1004:indigenous peoples
917:Europe's Spaceport
361:ALD launch history
206:
198:
64:14 April 1964
21:
8989:
8988:
8709:
8708:
8020:
8019:
7424:
7423:
7306:and the Caribbean
7178:
7177:
7018:
7017:
6956:
6955:
6574:
6573:
6356:Earth observation
6186:Comet Interceptor
6177:Rosalind Franklin
6149:Trace Gas Orbiter
6100:Planetary science
6026:
6025:
5939:Science Programme
5685:
5684:
5395:Kulasekharapatnam
5376:
5375:
5212:Spaceport America
4744:
4743:
4708:
4707:
4629:
4628:
4299:
4298:
4184:
4183:
3586:"Launch schedule"
3411:. 20 October 2018
3287:Rosenberg, Zach.
3051:978-0-387-48758-8
2607:"CNES FACILITIES"
2037:Launch statistics
1864:6 October 2016 –
1849:1 October 2015 –
1415:Route de l'Espace
1260:and renamed ELV (
858:
857:
854:
853:
823:First launch
794:
793:
734:First launch
705:
704:
653:First launch
624:
623:
568:First launch
539:
538:
469:First launch
440:
439:
398:27 September 1975
382:First launch
356:
355:
329:First launch
237:5.169°N 52.6903°W
204:
203:
9044:
8972:Preceded by the
8952:
8951:
8950:
8940:
8939:
8938:
8928:
8927:
8926:
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8608:
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7595:
7594:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7433:
7432:
7407:
7406:
7405:
7395:
7394:
7393:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7342:
7341:
7340:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7187:
7186:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7063:
7062:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7022:
7021:
7008:
7007:
6996:
6984:
6983:
6972:
6971:
6948:Schiaparelli EDM
6807:Calathus Mission
6631:Georges Lemaître
6589:ISS contribution
6048:
6047:
6032:
6031:
5727:
5726:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5689:
5688:
5664:
5629:Broglio, Malindi
5574:Greifswalder Oie
5566:
5493:
5454:
5433:United Kingdom:
5429:Spaceport Sweden
5298:Reagan Test Site
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5114:United Kingdom:
5108:
4948:
4913:
4801:
4789:
4788:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4719:
4638:
4637:
4556:
4532:
4531:
4411:List of launches
4328:
4307:
4229:
4228:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4187:
4141:
4090:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4015:
4014:
3984:Soyouz in Guiana
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:Official website
3959:
3958:
3948:
3946:10.5334/ijc.1284
3924:
3918:
3917:
3900:(5–6): 791–825.
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3771:on 2 August 2022
3767:. Archived from
3765:Global Americans
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3493:"MTG-I1 Liftoff"
3489:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3433:. 14 August 2020
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3395:
3379:
3373:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3136:. Archived from
3125:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3077:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3035:
3029:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2926:on 30 June 2019.
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2871:on 12 March 2013
2857:
2851:
2850:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2823:. 21 August 2019
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2665:
2659:
2646:
2637:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2613:. 23 April 2015.
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2346:sounding rockets
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2120:
1979:satellites from
1789:Chilean military
1647:
1632:
1623:on 23 June 2015.
1613:
1597:
1582:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1491:5.305°N 52.834°W
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1471:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:5.239°N 52.768°W
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1363:
1340:in favor of the
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:5.232°N 52.776°W
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1287:
1265:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:5.236°N 52.775°W
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1168:
1164:
1155:Ariane 5 rockets
1131:angular momentum
1127:Earth's rotation
1087:
1072:
1057:
1042:
1027:
796:
795:
787:
781:
754:10 February 2022
751:Last launch
707:
706:
680:Syracuse 4B
670:Last launch
626:
625:
584:15 February 2003
581:Last launch
541:
540:
489:5 September 2024
486:Last launch
442:
441:
395:Last launch
358:
357:
351:Sounding rockets
337:Last launch
305:
304:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
238:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
209:
205:
192:Detailed map of
170:
156:
153:
151:
113:Agency executive
74:
72:
67:
49:
40:
31:
24:
20:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9041:
8992:
8991:
8990:
8985:
8958:
8948:
8946:
8936:
8934:
8924:
8922:
8912:
8910:
8900:
8898:
8888:
8886:
8875:
8865:
8863:
8853:
8851:
8841:
8839:
8751:
8741:
8739:
8722:
8720:
8705:
8695:
8693:
8683:
8681:
8664:
8662:
8652:
8650:
8628:
8626:
8616:
8614:
8604:
8602:
8592:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8567:
8557:
8555:
8545:
8543:
8533:
8531:
8519:
8517:
8507:
8505:
8495:
8493:
8483:
8481:
8444:
8442:
8432:
8430:
8420:
8418:
8408:
8406:
8396:
8394:
8384:
8382:
8372:
8370:
8360:
8358:
8348:
8346:
8336:
8334:
8317:
8315:
8305:
8303:
8293:
8291:
8281:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8257:
8255:
8238:
8236:
8226:
8224:
8214:
8212:
8202:
8200:
8190:
8188:
8176:
8174:
8164:
8162:
8145:
8071:
8069:
8016:
8001:
7999:
7982:
7980:
7963:
7961:
7944:
7942:
7925:
7923:
7906:
7904:
7894:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7870:
7868:
7858:
7856:
7846:
7844:
7833:
7823:
7821:
7811:
7809:
7799:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7775:
7773:
7763:
7761:
7750:
7740:
7738:
7728:
7726:
7699:
7697:
7687:
7685:
7674:
7664:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7628:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7604:
7602:
7592:
7590:
7573:
7571:
7519:
7517:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7472:
7470:
7460:
7458:
7447:
7420:
7403:
7401:
7391:
7389:
7362:
7360:
7350:
7348:
7338:
7336:
7326:
7324:
7314:
7312:
7305:
7299:
7289:
7287:
7277:
7275:
7265:
7263:
7253:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7222:
7220:
7210:
7208:
7198:
7196:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7152:
7150:
7140:
7138:
7128:
7126:
7109:
7107:
7097:
7095:
7084:
7067:
7054:
7049:
7019:
7014:
6952:
6921:
6789:
6783:
6764:LISA Pathfinder
6721:
6719:
6712:
6642:
6625:Albert Einstein
6613:Johannes Kepler
6570:
6351:
6209:
6207:
6200:
6095:
6039:
6022:
5981:
5960:
5848:
5827:
5776:
5754:Launch vehicles
5748:
5721:
5716:
5686:
5681:
5662:
5627:Kenya / Italy:
5602:Salto di Quirra
5564:
5499:
5491:
5464:Clinton-Sherman
5452:
5372:
5354:
5348:Guiana / Kourou
5304:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5266:Mahia Peninsula
5248:Southern Launch
5223:
5217:SpaceX Starbase
5124:
5106:
5042:
4946:
4911:
4799:
4780:
4775:
4745:
4740:
4704:
4683:
4652:
4625:
4604:
4592:Launch provider
4586:
4554:
4523:
4442:
4399:
4353:
4322:
4308:
4295:
4259:
4243:
4220:
4215:
4185:
4180:
4159:
4139:
4098:
4088:
4047:
4042:
3996:Wayback Machine
3978:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3925:
3921:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3848:. 21 March 2017
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3731:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3653:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3590:Spaceflight Now
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3538:NASASpaceFlight
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3380:
3376:
3371:Wayback Machine
3362:
3358:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3285:
3281:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3126:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3075:Wayback Machine
3064:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3036:
3032:
3027:Wayback Machine
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2666:
2662:
2656:Wayback Machine
2647:
2640:
2634:Wayback Machine
2625:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2388:
2375:
2370:
2340:
2337: Scheduled
2334:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2039:
1970:Meteosat MTG-I1
1917:(also known as
1804:pico-satellites
1730:
1728:Recent launches
1716:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1571:
1562:
1554:Stephane Israël
1552:. According to
1495:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1456:Main articles:
1454:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1282:The ELA-2 pad (
1272:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1195:Equatorial Base
1181:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1159:low Earth orbit
1108:near-equatorial
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:station antenna
1088:
1079:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1016:
985:
933:overseas region
915:), also called
901:
900:
899:
898:
897:
850:
837:
827:
790:
783:
777:
769:
755:
738:
737:21 October 2011
701:
688:
674:
657:
620:
599:
585:
572:
535:
504:
490:
473:
472:5 November 1971
436:
409:
399:
386:
346:
242:5.169; -52.6903
241:
239:
235:
232:
227:
224:
222:
220:
219:
200:
199:
185:
173:
148:
122:
107:
70:
68:
65:
56:Agency overview
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9050:
9040:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8976:
8970:
8963:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8956:
8944:
8932:
8920:
8908:
8896:
8883:
8881:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8861:
8849:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8770:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8703:
8691:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8660:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8641:
8624:
8612:
8600:
8588:
8575:
8573:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8553:
8541:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8503:
8491:
8479:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8440:
8428:
8416:
8404:
8392:
8380:
8368:
8356:
8344:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8313:
8301:
8289:
8277:
8265:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8234:
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5986:Related topics
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4248:In development
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3966:External links
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3939:(1): 481–491.
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3821:New York Times
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3711:. 5 April 2017
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3291:. FlightGlobal
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3178:Guyane la 1ère
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2861:"Vega Liftoff"
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2560:Guyane la 1ère
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2536:. 21 July 2022
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2028:9 July 2024 –
2026:
2023:Heinrich Hertz
2011:
1996:Galilean moons
1984:
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1956:SEOSat-Ingenio
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1928:satellite for
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1714:Early launches
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1704:Devil's Island
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1528:European Union
1496:5.305; -52.834
1453:
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1407:Main article:
1404:
1401:
1392:5.239; -52.768
1352:Main article:
1349:
1346:
1312:5.232; -52.776
1288:), located at
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1251:Ariane 2 and 3
1221:5.236; -52.775
1177:Main article:
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7304:Latin America
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6720:demonstrators
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6206:Astronomy and
6203:
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6141:Venus Express
6139:
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6120:
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6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6104:
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6086:
6083:
6082:Solar Orbiter
6080:
6077:
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6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:Solar physics
6049:
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5950:
5949:Cosmic Vision
5947:
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5657:El Arenosillo
5654:
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5647:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5633:North Korea:
5632:
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5336:
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5309:South America
5307:
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5267:
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5262:
5259:New Zealand:
5258:
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5129:United States
5127:
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5096:El Arenosillo
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5007:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:South Korea:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:North Korea:
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4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Satish Dhawan
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4535:Manufacturing
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4528:Organizations
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3389:archive.today
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3313:. Arianespace
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3275:public domain
3266:. NASA NSSDC.
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3251:public domain
3242:. NASA NSSDC.
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3134:Parabolic Arc
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3096:
3089:. SpaceDaily.
3088:
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2796:ilslaunch.com
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2772:. Arianespace
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2447:France portal
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2358:
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2348:are excluded.
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2323: Failure
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2040:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
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1971:
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1964:
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1927:
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1903:
1899:
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1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:Sky Muster II
1863:
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1768:carrying two
1767:
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1736:
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1701:
1700:
1699:Îles du Salut
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:Launch safety
1659:
1655:
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1248:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1173:BEC/ELA-1/ELV
1170:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
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974:
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966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
941:South America
938:
934:
930:
929:French Guiana
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
866:OpenStreetMap
864:
847:
846:Ariane 6
843:
842:
840:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
786:
780:
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766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
698:
697:Ariane 5
694:
693:
691:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
617:
616:Ariane 4
613:
612:Ariane 3
609:
608:Ariane 2
605:
604:
602:
596:
592:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:28 March 1986
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
532:
528:
527:Ariane 3
524:
523:Ariane 2
520:
519:Ariane 1
516:
514:
510:
509:
507:
501:
497:
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488:
484:
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429:
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415:
414:
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406:
402:
397:
393:
390:(Mika / Wika)
389:
385:10 March 1970
384:
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372:
368:
364:
359:
352:
349:
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339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
302:
299:10 March 1970
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
277:
275:Launch pad(s)
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
246:
218:
214:
210:
195:
194:Carbet Toukan
190:
180:
176:
169:
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159:
155:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
129:
127:Parent agency
125:
118:
117:
115:
111:
105:
101:
98:
97:French Guiana
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
8978:Preceded by
8830:Intersputnik
8675:TÜBİTAK UZAY
8136:EUTELSAT IGO
8123:
8032:Pan-European
7993:TÜBİTAK UZAY
7452:Central Asia
7068:and pan-Arab
6997:
6986:
6973:
6963:
6872:Lunar Lander
6790:and proposed
6775:
6562:
6554:
6546:
6538:
6530:
6522:
6514:
6508:
6500:
6492:
6343:
6335:
6327:
6319:
6311:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6167:
6148:
6125:Mars Express
6087:
5965:Predecessors
5944:Horizon 2000
5738:
5548:Resolute Bay
5347:
5135:Government:
5078:Kapustin Yar
4914:government:
4802:government:
4733:
4721:
4572:MT Aerospace
4552:Aérospatiale
4547:Airbus Space
4319:
4313:Launch sites
4134:
4083:
4052:Launch sites
4044:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3871:
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3845:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:the original
3764:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:
3713:. Retrieved
3708:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3676:
3664:. Retrieved
3660:
3635:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3589:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3537:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3511:
3501:
3487:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3408:
3399:
3391:
3377:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3282:
3258:
3234:
3226:the original
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3177:
3168:
3154:
3142:. Retrieved
3138:the original
3133:
3123:
3109:
3095:
3081:
3060:
3040:
3033:
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2946:
2932:
2924:the original
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2885:
2875:12 September
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2864:
2855:
2847:the original
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2811:
2799:. Retrieved
2795:
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2764:
2738:. Retrieved
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2706:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2559:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2533:
2524:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2373:Local impact
2311:
2148:
2115:
2047:
2042:
2022:
1977:Pléiades Neo
1976:
1926:Falcon Eye 1
1918:
1912:
1884:Sky Brasil 1
1855:Ariane 5 ECA
1751:Central Asia
1697:
1695:
1672:
1654:flight VA256
1563:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1509:
1465:
1414:
1412:
1357:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1281:
1255:
1242:
1234:
1184:
1182:
1143:
1124:
1120:
1101:
1001:
986:
949:
916:
912:
904:
902:
870:
869:
862:
591:Intelsat 907
296:First launch
193:
184:Detailed map
89:Headquarters
79:Jurisdiction
18:
8980:Interkosmos
8954:Interkosmos
8060:Eurocontrol
7710:Antrix Corp
7066:Pan-African
7010:WikiProject
6882:MarcoPolo-R
6832:Don Quijote
6802:Ariane 5 ME
6766:(2015–2017)
6696:Galileo FOC
6690:Galileo IOV
6662:(1989–1993)
6601:Jules Verne
6582:spaceflight
6413:(2009–2013)
6401:(2003–2007)
6399:Double Star
6395:(2002–2012)
6383:(1995–2011)
6377:(1991–2000)
6371:(1977–1997)
6284:(2009–2013)
6278:(2009–2013)
6254:(1995–1998)
6236:(1989–1993)
6230:(1983–1986)
6224:(1978–1996)
6218:(1975–1982)
6156:BepiColombo
6143:(2005–2014)
6137:(2004–2016)
6121:(2003–2006)
6115:(1997–2005)
6109:(1985–1992)
6078:(2000–2024)
6066:(1990–2009)
6060:(1977–1987)
5993:Arianespace
5530:Australia:
5399:Indonesia:
5234:Australia:
4972:Sary Shagan
4921:Tanegashima
4866:Pameungpeuk
4859:Indonesia:
4669:Ariane 5 ME
4600:Arianespace
4542:ArianeGroup
4255:Ariane Next
3979:(in French)
3615:cnes-csg.fr
3065:(in French)
2920:Arianespace
2895:Arianespace
2396:imperialism
2392:colonialism
2386:Colonialism
2019:Syracuse 4B
1900:mission to
1898:BepiColombo
1873:Soyuz-2 STB
1747:Middle East
1679:French Army
1617:Sentinel-2A
1494: /
1439: /
1390: /
1310: /
1258:Vega rocket
1219: /
1169:kg to GTO.
1135:inclination
1063:pad in 2019
999:launchers.
965:ArianeGroup
960:Arianespace
826:9 July 2024
776:Suspended:
673:5 July 2023
656:4 June 1996
496:Sentinel-2C
446:ELA-1 / ELV
401:Diamant BP4
257:Arianespace
240: /
216:Coordinates
9012:Spaceports
8996:Categories
8966:See also:
7679:South Asia
7283:USSPACECOM
6897:Phootprint
6877:Marco Polo
6718:Technology
6548:MetOp-SG-B
6540:MetOp-SG-A
6516:Sentinel-4
6487:ADM-Aeolus
6467:Sentinel-3
6449:Sentinel-2
6435:Sentinel-1
6363:Copernicus
6258:XMM-Newton
6076:Cluster II
5882:Copernicus
5853:Programmes
5781:Facilities
5731:Spaceports
5579:Peenemünde
5543:Hall Beach
5504:Historical
5445:Sutherland
5368:Sea Launch
5341:/ France:
5261:Rocket Lab
5192:Corn Ranch
5182:Poker Flat
5178:Academic:
5004:Pakistan:
4949:/ Russia:
4945:Kazakhstan
4778:Spaceports
4735:Multimedia
3661:Space News
3595:28 October
3415:20 October
3206:12 January
3144:24 October
3005:9 November
2983:9 November
2977:"Ariane 6"
2961:9 November
2591:13 January
2534:Space News
2516:References
2399:into space
1851:Sky Muster
1777:Pleiades 1
1619:launch on
1521:equatorial
1482:52°50′02″W
1427:52°47′27″W
1378:52°46′05″W
1298:52°46′34″W
1207:52°46′30″W
1190:(English:
1014:Facilities
945:equatorial
836:Associated
785:Soyuz ST-B
779:Soyuz ST-A
768:Associated
761:OneWeb L13
757:Soyuz ST-B
740:Soyuz ST-B
687:Associated
598:Associated
503:Associated
408:Associated
345:Associated
228:52°41′25″W
71:1964-04-14
8634:Roscosmos
8622:KazCosmos
8586:ArmCosmos
8287:DTU Space
8249:BIRA-IASB
8196:EU SatCen
7955:KACST-SRI
7852:ArmCosmos
7838:West Asia
7511:East Asia
7478:Roscosmos
7466:KazCosmos
7436:Pan-Asian
6938:CryoSat-1
6912:STE-QUEST
6847:Eddington
6837:e.Deorbit
6788:Cancelled
6660:Olympus-1
6502:EarthCARE
6423:CryoSat-2
6272:(2006–13)
6248:(1992–93)
6234:Hipparcos
6208:cosmology
5666:Kronogård
5567:Germany:
5538:Churchill
5532:Carnarvon
5519:Hammaguir
5495:El Hierro
5474:Ellington
5326:Alcântara
5188:Private:
5024:Vostochny
5019:Roscosmos
4951:Roscosmos
4934:Space One
4926:Uchinoura
4904:Palmachim
4657:Cancelled
4641:Proposals
4436:2020–2029
4431:2010–2019
4426:2000–2009
4421:1990–1999
4416:1979–1989
3955:1875-0281
3914:0306-3127
3795:AlJazeera
3564:Space.com
3512:Space.com
3458:Space.com
3437:17 August
3409:space.com
3392:The Hindu
3335:. News24.
3317:11 August
3295:11 August
3184:8 January
2801:23 August
2776:23 August
2698:142643666
2690:0038-0261
2566:8 January
2505:(ESTRACK)
1945:Galaxy-30
1837:Argentina
1721:Diamant-B
1546:Roscosmos
1512:Sinnamary
1479:5°18′18″N
1424:5°15′45″N
1375:5°14′20″N
1295:5°13′55″N
1204:5°14′10″N
1116:latitudes
993:Hammaguir
921:spaceport
907:(French:
844:Current:
695:Retired:
606:Retired:
576:(GStar-2)
517:Retired:
511:Current:
475:Europa II
416:Retired:
388:Diamant B
225:5°10′08″N
103:Employees
8859:UNCOPUOS
8170:DG DEFIS
8131:EUMETSAT
7183:Americas
7089:National
6999:Wikinews
6975:Category
6595:Columbus
6519:) (2024)
6329:ARRAKIHS
6282:Herschel
6264:INTEGRAL
6194:EnVision
6147:ExoMars
6003:EUMETSAT
5894:Columbus
5887:Sentinel
5767:Ariane 6
5762:Ariane 5
5651:Svobodny
5613:Nii-jima
5596:Balasore
5588:Greece:
5536:Canada:
5469:Colorado
5455:States:
5440:SaxaVord
5427:Sweden:
5421:Hokkaido
5387:Canada:
5381:Proposed
5337:Europe:
5315:Brazil:
5272:Marshall
5253:Koonibba
5102:Sweden:
5083:Plesetsk
5071:Russia:
5053:Norway:
5017:Russia:
5011:Sonmiani
4960:Baikonur
4910:Japanese
4897:Israel:
4819:Wenchang
4723:Category
4555:(merged)
4404:Launches
4291:Ariane 5
4286:Ariane 4
4281:Ariane 3
4276:Ariane 2
4271:Ariane 1
4239:Ariane 6
4155:Soyuz-ST
4140:(future)
4136:Ariane 6
4130:Ariane 5
4125:Ariane 4
4120:Ariane 3
4115:Ariane 2
4110:Ariane 1
3992:Archived
3877:16 March
3872:Phys Org
3852:15 March
3846:BBC News
3826:16 March
3800:16 March
3775:15 March
3744:16 March
3715:16 March
3709:La Croix
3689:16 March
3666:15 March
3637:16 March
3543:14 April
3385:Archived
3367:Archived
3071:Archived
3023:Archived
2750:cite web
2652:Archived
2630:Archived
2540:2 August
2405:See also
2357:Soyuz ST
2240:Soyuz ST
2229:Ariane 5
2218:Ariane 4
2207:Ariane 3
2196:Ariane 2
2185:Ariane 1
2174:Europa 2
2149:Retired:
2130:Ariane 6
2030:Ariane 6
2004:Callisto
2000:Ganymede
1861:program.
1826:Ariane 5
1651:Ariane 5
1602:Ariane 5
1586:Ariane 4
1569:Launches
1366:Ariane 5
1342:Ariane 5
1338:Ariane 4
1333:Ariane-3
1331:and two
1329:Ariane-2
1325:Ariane 4
1321:Ariane 4
1247:Ariane 1
1129:and the
1061:Ariane 6
1046:Ariane 5
975:for the
969:Ariane 6
967:for the
829:Ariane 6
815:Launches
726:Launches
721:Inactive
676:Ariane 5
659:Ariane 5
645:Launches
640:Inactive
587:Ariane 4
574:Ariane 3
560:Launches
555:Inactive
461:Launches
432:Spectrum
422:Future:
374:Launches
369:Inactive
321:Launches
316:Inactive
253:Operator
8820:ISS MCB
8714:Oceania
8489:PTSPACE
8455:CBK PAN
8117:ESTRACK
8043:CENELEC
7746:SUPARCO
7693:SPARRSO
7530:SASTIND
7247:FAA/AST
7080:Arabsat
6987:Commons
6964:italics
6933:Cluster
6917:THESEUS
6902:SOLARIS
6777:PROBA-3
6770:OPS-SAT
6752:PROBA-V
6746:PROBA-2
6734:PROBA-1
6684:HYLAS-1
6678:GIOVE-B
6672:GIOVE-A
6666:Artemis
6494:Biomass
6393:Envisat
6332:(2030s)
6131:Rosetta
6119:SMART-1
6113:Huygens
6064:Ulysses
6044:Science
5919:ExoMars
5909:GALILEO
5899:CryoSat
5860:Artemis
5839:ESTRACK
5744:Esrange
5672:Edwards
5661:Sweden:
5655:Spain:
5646:Okhotsk
5635:Tonghae
5606:Japan:
5600:Italy:
5594:India:
5554:Guangde
5552:China:
5524:Reggane
5484:Midland
5412:Japan:
5393:India:
5288:States:
5276:Islands
5241:Woomera
5228:Oceania
5197:Pacific
5172:Wallops
5167:Kennedy
5110:Esrange
5089:Spain:
5065:SvalRak
5006:SUPARCO
4841:India:
4824:Xichang
4814:Taiyuan
4809:Jiuquan
4798:Chinese
4688:Retired
4664:Adeline
4634:Related
4609:Related
4447:Flights
4395:Vulcain
4358:Engines
4264:Retired
4232:Current
4225:Rockets
4164:Related
4103:Rockets
2900:5 March
2865:ESA.int
2827:5 March
2718:5 April
2611:CNES.fr
2586:ESA.int
2499:(ESTEC)
2475:(ECSAT)
2463:(ESRIN)
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2172:
2163:Diamant
2161:
2139:
2128:
2116:Active:
1992:Jupiter
1952:TARANIS
1941:BSAT-4b
1902:Mercury
1844:ARSAT-2
1833:ARSAT-1
1770:Galileo
1766:Soyuz-2
1739:Singtel
1689:of the
1505:Soyuz-2
1358:ELA-3 (
1104:equator
1092:ESTRACK
1090:Kourou
1076:Soyuz-2
983:History
919:, is a
838:rockets
770:rockets
744:Galileo
689:rockets
663:Cluster
600:rockets
505:rockets
428:RFA One
424:Miura 5
418:Diamant
410:rockets
347:rockets
145:Website
69: (
8880:Former
8871:UNOOSA
8773:COSPAR
8244:BELSPO
8025:Europe
7817:GISTDA
7793:PhilSA
7658:SaTReC
7560:PLAASF
7228:NESDIS
7158:NASRDA
7075:RASCOM
7059:Africa
6943:GEOS 1
6926:Failed
6892:ODINUS
6862:Hopper
6857:Hermes
6852:EXPERT
6780:(2024)
6760:(2015)
6742:(2007)
6730:(1998)
6656:(1978)
6654:GEOS 2
6639:(2021)
6633:(2014)
6627:(2013)
6621:(2012)
6615:(2011)
6607:Cupola
6603:(2008)
6567:(2027)
6559:(2025)
6551:(2025)
6543:(2025)
6535:(2025)
6527:(2025)
6524:ALTIUS
6505:(2024)
6497:(2024)
6348:(2035)
6340:(2035)
6337:Athena
6324:(2029)
6316:(2026)
6306:Euclid
6294:CHEOPS
6276:Planck
6246:Eureca
6228:EXOSAT
6197:(2031)
6189:(2029)
6181:(2028)
6172:(2024)
6164:(2023)
6135:Philae
6107:Giotto
6092:(2031)
6058:ISEE-2
5872:Aurora
5663:
5641:Kheysa
5618:Obachi
5590:Koroni
5569:Blizna
5565:
5559:Nanhui
5492:
5490:Spain:
5453:
5451:United
5290:
5286:
5284:United
5282:
5278:
5274:
5207:Mojave
5107:
5060:Andøya
5047:Europe
4947:
4912:
4879:Semnan
4872:Iran:
4853:Thumba
4800:
4785:Active
4700:Europa
4679:Hermes
4385:Viking
4365:Aestus
4325:Kourou
4145:Europa
3953:
3912:
3739:Quartz
3569:6 July
3517:6 July
3463:6 July
3048:
2940:. ESA.
2740:24 May
2696:
2688:
2493:(ESOC)
2487:(ESAC)
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2159:
2152:
2137:
2126:
2119:
2008:Europa
2006:, and
1943:, and
1818:GSAT-7
1187:CECLES
1167:
1163:
1151:Proton
997:Ariane
937:France
925:Kourou
810:Active
807:Status
718:Status
637:Status
552:Status
456:Active
453:Status
403:(Aura)
366:Status
313:Status
291:Active
288:Status
93:Kourou
61:Formed
8930:NASDA
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8835:ODCWG
8815:ISECG
8805:ICSMD
8763:CCSDS
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8733:CSIRO
8572:Other
8465:KRRiT
8450:POLSA
8220:BEREC
8182:EUSPA
8102:ECSAT
8097:ESRIN
8087:ESTEC
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7900:NEHSA
7888:IRIAF
7769:LAPAN
7565:CASIC
7554:CGWIC
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7170:SANSA
7146:GSSTC
7134:ESSTI
7120:NARSS
6907:SPICA
6702:EGNOS
6564:FORUM
6556:SMILE
6429:Swarm
6405:MetOp
6381:ERS-2
6375:ERS-1
6321:ARIEL
6313:PLATO
6270:CoRoT
6216:Cos-B
6179:rover
6089:Vigil
6013:GEWEX
5956:Pride
5914:ELIPS
5904:EGNOS
5670:USA:
5623:Ryori
5608:Akita
5514:CIEES
5479:Maine
5459:Cecil
5401:LAPAN
5389:Canso
4985:Sohae
4861:LAPAN
4832:HICAL
4674:DC4EU
4648:SUSIE
4582:Nammo
4577:SABCA
4519:VA262
4514:VA256
4509:VA255
4504:VA254
4499:VA253
4494:VA248
4489:VA247
4484:VA246
4479:VA245
4474:VA243
4469:VA244
4464:VA242
4459:VA241
4454:VA240
4390:Vinci
4380:P160C
4375:P120C
4347:ELA-4
4342:ELA-3
4337:ELA-2
4332:ELA-1
4085:ELA-4
4079:ELA-3
4074:ELA-2
3685:. ESA
3632:(PDF)
2955:(PDF)
2694:S2CID
2481:(ESA)
2469:(EAC)
1988:JUICE
1937:MEV-2
1914:SGS-1
1909:Saudi
1824:with
1800:Italy
1781:ELISA
1636:Soyuz
1472:) at
1409:ELA-4
1403:ELA-4
1354:ELA-3
1348:ELA-3
1270:ELA-2
1243:ELA-1
1179:ELA-1
800:ELA-4
630:ELA-3
545:ELA-2
479:STV 4
152:.cnes
135:EUSPA
8906:KCST
8894:BNSC
8825:ITSO
8810:IMSO
8800:IADC
8778:IPDA
8768:CEOS
8747:NZSA
8701:UKSA
8689:SSAU
8644:VVKO
8598:MAKA
8563:SNSA
8513:INTA
8501:ROSA
8438:NOSA
8414:SRON
8311:CNES
8263:SRTI
8208:EASA
8153:and
8112:ESOC
8107:ESAC
8082:ECSS
8065:ECAC
8053:ETSI
8048:CEPT
7974:GORS
7936:NCSR
7917:ISRC
7876:NSSA
7864:MAKA
7829:VNSC
7805:SSTL
7781:MYSA
7720:NRSC
7705:ISRO
7670:TASA
7644:KASI
7639:KARI
7634:KASA
7622:NATA
7610:NICT
7584:ISAS
7579:JAXA
7545:CAST
7540:CALT
7535:CASC
7525:CNSA
7502:TNSA
7429:Asia
7414:IVIC
7409:ABAE
7378:INPE
7373:DCTA
7320:ALCE
7271:USSF
7216:NASA
7115:EgSA
7103:ASAL
6867:LOFT
6842:EChO
6822:CSTS
6797:AIDA
6740:YES2
6532:FLEX
6417:SMOS
6411:GOCE
6345:LISA
6288:Gaia
6169:Hera
6070:SOHO
5924:FLPP
5772:Vega
5677:WSSH
5563:Nazi
5435:UKSA
5416:Oita
5406:Biak
5343:CNES
5236:RAAF
5202:MARS
5162:NASA
5137:USSF
5091:INTA
5055:NOSA
4998:Naro
4993:KARI
4980:NADA
4916:JAXA
4886:IRGC
4843:ISRO
4804:CNSA
4792:Asia
4621:CNES
4370:HM7B
4150:Vega
4059:ALFS
3951:ISSN
3910:ISSN
3879:2022
3854:2022
3828:2022
3802:2022
3777:2022
3746:2022
3717:2022
3691:2022
3668:2022
3639:2022
3597:2018
3571:2023
3545:2023
3519:2023
3465:2023
3439:2020
3417:2018
3319:2014
3297:2014
3208:2023
3186:2023
3146:2011
3046:ISBN
3007:2021
2985:2021
2963:2021
2902:2021
2877:2013
2829:2021
2821:CNES
2803:2017
2778:2017
2756:link
2742:2024
2720:2017
2686:ISSN
2593:2021
2568:2023
2542:2022
2394:and
2363:and
2361:Vega
2304:2020
2301:2015
2298:2010
2295:2005
2292:2000
2289:1995
2286:1990
2283:1985
2280:1980
2277:1975
2274:1970
2141:Vega
2108:2020
2105:2015
2102:2010
2099:2005
2096:2000
2093:1995
2090:1990
2087:1985
2084:1980
2081:1975
2078:1970
2021:and
1954:and
1814:ISRO
1796:Vega
1785:SSOT
1757:and
1743:ST-1
1735:ST-2
1621:Vega
1460:and
1249:and
1193:ELDO
1153:and
1031:Vega
977:Vega
973:Avio
971:and
952:CNES
931:, a
903:The
513:Vega
492:Vega
340:1981
332:1968
196:pads
139:CNES
8942:SSP
8918:NAL
8795:GSC
8790:GEO
8728:ASA
8670:TUA
8658:SSO
8639:SRI
8610:BSA
8551:AEE
8539:EAE
8525:AEC
8475:ULC
8470:ORO
8460:UKE
8426:NSO
8402:LSO
8390:LSA
8378:ASI
8366:HSO
8354:HSA
8342:DLR
8328:CdE
8323:AAE
8299:ESO
8275:CSO
8232:ALR
8155:EEA
8141:ESO
8092:EAC
8077:ESA
8039:CEN
7988:TUA
7969:SSA
7950:SSA
7931:ISA
7912:ISA
7734:DSA
7715:DoS
7598:JSS
7550:CCF
7483:SRI
7397:CCE
7383:ITA
7368:AEB
7356:ABE
7332:AEM
7295:NRO
7259:FCC
7233:OSC
7204:CSA
6758:IXV
6728:ARD
6580:ISS
6252:ISO
6222:IUE
5877:ATV
5865:ESM
5339:ESA
5321:AEB
5317:FAB
5293:DoD
5104:SSC
5073:VKS
5031:VKS
4967:VKS
4955:VKS
4939:Kii
4899:ISA
4874:ISA
4094:ELS
4064:ALD
3941:doi
3902:doi
2678:doi
1994:'s
1859:NBN
1822:ESA
1600:An
991:in
939:in
935:of
927:in
913:CSG
878:KML
711:ELS
648:117
563:119
324:412
270:322
261:ESA
161:Map
154:.fr
131:ESA
8998::
8151:EU
7488:VK
6475:3B
6473:/
6471:3A
6469:/
6461:2C
6459:/
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6455:/
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