Cruiser - Knowledge

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Army troops for Guadalcanal that was due on 13 October. The Tokyo Express convoy was two seaplane tenders and six destroyers; the bombardment group was three heavy cruisers and two destroyers, and the US force was two heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and five destroyers. The US force engaged the Japanese bombardment force; the Tokyo Express convoy was able to unload on Guadalcanal and evade action. The bombardment force was sighted at close range (5,000 yards (4,600 m)) and the US force opened fire. The Japanese were surprised because their admiral was anticipating sighting the Tokyo Express force, and withheld fire while attempting to confirm the US ships' identity. One Japanese cruiser and one destroyer were sunk and one cruiser damaged, against one US destroyer sunk with one light cruiser and one destroyer damaged. The bombardment force failed to bring its torpedoes into action, and turned back. The next day US aircraft from Henderson Field attacked several of the Japanese ships, sinking two destroyers and damaging a third. The US victory resulted in overconfidence in some later battles, reflected in the initial after-action report claiming two Japanese heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and three destroyers sunk by the gunfire of

3169: 2128:. The Allied force, known as the 7th Fleet Support Force, guarding the strait was overwhelming. It included six battleships (all but one previously damaged in 1941 at Pearl Harbor), four heavy cruisers (one Australian), four light cruisers, and 28 destroyers, plus a force of 39 PT boats. The only advantage to the Japanese was that most of the Allied battleships and cruisers were loaded mainly with high explosive shells, although a significant number of armor-piercing shells were also loaded. The lead Japanese force evaded the PT boats' torpedoes, but were hit hard by the destroyers' torpedoes, losing a battleship. Then they encountered the battleship and cruiser guns. Only one destroyer survived. The engagement is notable for being one of only two occasions in which battleships fired on battleships in the Pacific Theater, the other being the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. Due to the starting arrangement of the opposing forces, the Allied force was in a " 2209:

escort carriers' aircraft also performed very well, attacking with machine guns after their carriers ran out of bombs and torpedoes. The unexpected level of damage, and maneuvering to avoid the torpedoes and air attacks, disorganized the Japanese and caused them to think they faced at least part of the Third Fleet's main force. They had also learned of the defeat a few hours before at Surigao Strait, and did not hear that Halsey's force was busy destroying the decoy fleet. Convinced that the rest of the Third Fleet would arrive soon if it hadn't already, the Japanese withdrew, eventually losing three heavy cruisers sunk with three damaged to air and torpedo attacks. The Americans lost two escort carriers, two destroyers, and one destroyer escort sunk, with three escort carriers, one destroyer, and two destroyer escorts damaged, thus losing over one-third of their engaged force sunk with nearly all the remainder damaged.

730: 4746: 4116: 1786:. Along with their superior torpedoes, the opening Japanese gunfire was accurate and very damaging. Subsequent analysis showed that some of the damage was due to poor housekeeping practices by US forces. Stowage of boats and aircraft in midships hangars with full gas tanks contributed to fires, along with full and unprotected ready-service ammunition lockers for the open-mount secondary armament. These practices were soon corrected, and US cruisers with similar damage sank less often thereafter. Savo was the first surface action of the war for almost all the US ships and personnel; few US cruisers and destroyers were targeted or hit at Coral Sea or Midway. 2005:

destroyer with gunfire which later sank, but the Japanese torpedo counterattack was devastating. One American heavy cruiser was sunk and three others heavily damaged, with the bows blown off of two of them. It was significant that these two were not lost to Long Lance hits as happened in previous battles; American battle readiness and damage control had improved. Despite defeating the Americans, the Japanese withdrew without delivering the crucial supplies to Guadalcanal. Another attempt on 3 December dropped 1,500 drums of supplies near Guadalcanal, but Allied strafing aircraft sank all but 300 before the Japanese Army could recover them. On 7 December

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were not treaty compliant 10,000 ton cruisers. And although their displacement and scale of armor protection were that of a heavy cruiser, their 280 mm (11 in) main armament was heavier than the 203 mm (8 in) guns of other nations' heavy cruisers, and the latter two members of the class also had tall conning towers resembling battleships. The Panzerschiffe were listed as Ersatz replacements for retiring Reichsmarine coastal defense battleships, which added to their propaganda status in the Kriegsmarine as Ersatz battleships; within the Royal Navy, only battlecruisers HMS

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Their plan was that the bombardment would neutralize Allied airpower and allow a force of 11 transport ships and 12 destroyers to reinforce Guadalcanal with a Japanese division the next day. However, US reconnaissance aircraft spotted the approaching Japanese on the 12th and the Americans made what preparations they could. The American force consisted of two heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, two anti-aircraft cruisers, and eight destroyers. The Americans were outgunned by the Japanese that night, and a lack of pre-battle orders by the US commander led to confusion. The destroyer

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cruisers, only the Australian ships had torpedoes. The Japanese force included five heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and one destroyer. Numerous circumstances combined to reduce Allied readiness for the battle. The results of the battle were three American heavy cruisers sunk by torpedoes and gunfire, one Australian heavy cruiser disabled by gunfire and scuttled, one heavy cruiser damaged, and two US destroyers damaged. The Japanese had three cruisers lightly damaged. This was the most lopsided outcome of the surface actions in the

3855: 4243: 675:, would be able to combine firepower and armor with better endurance and speed than ever before. The armored cruisers of the 1890s and early 1900s greatly resembled the battleships of the day; they tended to carry slightly smaller main armament (7.5-to-10-inch (190 to 250 mm) rather than 12-inch) and have somewhat thinner armor in exchange for a faster speed (perhaps 21 to 23 knots (39 to 43 km/h) rather than 18). Because of their similarity, the lines between battleships and armored cruisers became blurred. 4635: 2570: 657:) was a smaller unarmored cruiser, which emerged in the 1880s–1890s. These ships could reach speeds up to 20 knots (37 km/h) and were armed with medium to small calibre guns as well as torpedoes. These ships were tasked with guard and reconnaissance duties, to repeat signals and all other fleet duties for which smaller vessels were suited. These ships could also function as flagships of torpedo boat flotillas. After the 1900s, these ships were usually traded for faster ships with better sea going qualities. 4474: 3501: 4130: 4516: 4537: 4328: 4287: 3622: 4495: 4148: 3392: 2277: 3716: 3592: 4565: 4195: 4676: 3827: 3558: 4440: 3792: 4387: 3769: 3748: 3672: 847: 2877:", carrying large numbers of anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and anti-aircraft missiles. The Soviet combat doctrine of saturation attack meant that their cruisers (as well as destroyers and even missile boats) mounted multiple missiles in large container/launch tube housings and carried far more ASCMs than their NATO counterparts, while NATO combatants instead used individually smaller and lighter missiles (while appearing under-armed when compared to Soviet ships). 4412: 4084: 4593: 4308: 496: 4760: 4697: 4368: 4348: 3538: 4216: 1720:; the most common results of firing either of these torpedoes were a dud or a miss. The problems with these weapons were not solved until mid-1943, after almost all of the surface actions in the Solomon Islands had taken place. Another factor that shaped the early surface actions was the pre-war training of both sides. The US Navy concentrated on long-range 8-inch gunfire as their primary offensive weapon, leading to rigid 1475:, mostly to air attack and submarines, in operations in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean. Sixteen of these losses were in the Mediterranean. The British included cruisers and anti-aircraft cruisers among convoy escorts in the Mediterranean and to northern Russia due to the threat of surface and air attack. Almost all cruisers in World War II were vulnerable to submarine attack due to a lack of anti-submarine 570: 4168: 3377: 4656: 3213: 717:, and the first were commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1907. The British battlecruisers sacrificed protection for speed, as they were intended to "choose their range" (to the enemy) with superior speed and only engage the enemy at long range. When engaged at moderate ranges, the lack of protection combined with unsafe ammunition handling practices became tragic with the loss of three of them at the 2904:, an over/under rocket-delivered heavyweight torpedo primarily for the anti-submarine role, but capable of anti-surface action with a range of up to 90 kilometres (56 mi). Soviet doctrine had shifted; powerful anti-submarine vessels (these were designated "Large Anti-Submarine Ships", but were listed as cruisers in most references) were needed to destroy NATO submarines to allow Soviet 713:

a fleet of large, fast, powerfully armed vessels which would be able to hunt down and mop up enemy cruisers and armored cruisers with overwhelming fire superiority was needed. They were equipped with the same gun types as battleships, though usually with fewer guns, and were intended to engage enemy capital ships as well. This type of vessel came to be known as the

2857:, originally designated PFG, were redesignated into the FFG line. The cruiser-destroyer-frigate realignment and the deletion of the Ocean Escort type brought the US Navy's ship designations into line with the rest of the world's, eliminating confusion with foreign navies. In 1980, the Navy's then-building DDG-47-class destroyers were redesignated as cruisers ( 721:. Germany and eventually Japan followed suit to build these vessels, replacing armored cruisers in most frontline roles. German battlecruisers were generally better protected but slower than British battlecruisers. Battlecruisers were in many cases larger and more expensive than contemporary battleships, due to their much larger propulsion plants. 2132:" position, so this was the last battle in which this occurred, but it was not a planned maneuver. The following Japanese cruiser force had several problems, including a light cruiser damaged by a PT boat and two heavy cruisers colliding, one of which fell behind and was sunk by air attack the next day. An American veteran of Surigao Strait, 752:, the first of which was launched in 1909, it was possible for a small, fast cruiser to carry both belt and deck armor, particularly when turbine engines were adopted. These light armored cruisers began to occupy the traditional cruiser role once it became clear that the battlecruiser squadrons were required to operate with the battle fleet. 1327:

knots. They were equipped with 6–12 main guns with a caliber of 127–133 mm (5–5.5 inches). In addition, they were equipped with 8–12 secondary guns under 127 mm (5 in) and dozens of small caliber cannons, as well as torpedoes and mines. Some ships also carried 2–4 seaplanes, mainly for reconnaissance. In 1930 the

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Heavy cruisers were equipped with eight or nine 8 in (203 mm) guns with a range of more than 20 nautical miles. They were mainly used to attack enemy surface ships and shore-based targets. In addition, there were 10–16 secondary guns with a caliber of less than 130 mm (5.1 in). Also, dozens of automatic

1869:, with both heavy cruisers, most of the remaining destroyers, and both anti-aircraft cruisers damaged. The Japanese initially had one battleship and four destroyers damaged, but at this point they withdrew, possibly unaware that the US force was unable to further oppose them. At dawn US aircraft from Henderson Field, 3436:) with a displacement of 7,500 tons, equipped with four P-35 anti-ship missile launchers and two Volna anti-aircraft missile launchers. These were transitional types with lesser strike capabilities and were initially classified as large anti-submarine ships but were reclassified as guided-missile cruisers in 1977. 3367:

cells. The resulting ship would have had a waterline length of 700 feet, a waterline beam of 97 feet, and a displacement of about 25,000 tons. Other features included an integrated electric drive and advanced computer systems, both stand-alone and networked. It was part of the U.S. Navy's "Revolution

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Outside the US and Soviet navies, new cruisers were rare following World War II. Most navies use guided-missile destroyers for fleet air defense, and destroyers and frigates for cruise missiles. The need to operate in task forces has led most navies to change to fleets designed around ships dedicated

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warfare, although they were capable anti-surface warfare combatants as well. In the late 1960s, the US government perceived a "cruiser gap"—at the time, the US Navy possessed six ships designated as cruisers, compared to 19 for the Soviet Union, even though the USN had 21 ships designated as frigates

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guided-missile destroyers that were tasked with the short-range air defense role. The U.S. cruiser was a major contrast to their contemporaries, Soviet "rocket cruisers" that were armed with large numbers of anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) as part of the combat doctrine of saturation attack, though

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s were reclassified as guided-missile destroyers (DDG) due to their small size, and the remaining DLG/DLGN ships became guided-missile cruisers (CG/CGN). The World War II conversions were gradually retired between 1970 and 1980; the Talos missile was withdrawn in 1980 as a cost-saving measure and the

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cruisers and eight destroyers. The Japanese had two heavy cruisers, two small light cruisers, and six destroyers. Both sides were plagued by collisions, shells that failed to explode, and mutual skill in dodging torpedoes. The Americans suffered significant damage to three destroyers and light damage

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interrupted a Tokyo Express run, and the following night sank a Japanese supply submarine. The next day the Japanese Navy proposed stopping all destroyer runs to Guadalcanal, but agreed to do just one more. This was on 11 December and was also intercepted by PT boats, which sank a destroyer; only 200

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occurred on the night of 11–12 October 1942. A Tokyo Express mission was underway for Guadalcanal at the same time as a separate cruiser-destroyer bombardment group loaded with high explosive shells for bombarding Henderson Field. A US cruiser-destroyer force was deployed in advance of a convoy of US

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in place of ordinary torpedoes. Before World War II, cruisers were mainly divided into three types: heavy cruisers, light cruisers and auxiliary cruisers. Heavy cruiser tonnage reached 20–30,000 tons, speed 32–34 knots, endurance of more than 10,000 nautical miles, armor thickness of 127–203 mm.

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The growing size and power of the armored cruiser resulted in the battlecruiser, with an armament and size similar to the revolutionary new dreadnought battleship; the brainchild of British admiral Jackie Fisher. He believed that to ensure British naval dominance in its overseas colonial possessions,

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The term "cruiser" or "cruizer" was first commonly used in the 17th century to refer to an independent warship. "Cruiser" meant the purpose or mission of a ship, rather than a category of vessel. However, the term was nonetheless used to mean a smaller, faster warship suitable for such a role. In the

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heavy anti-ship missile launchers, 12 vertical launchers for long-range Fort anti-aircraft missiles, and short-range missiles. For anti-submarine warfare, they were equipped with rocket-torpedo launchers and three helicopters, and their crew numbered up to 744 people. In English-language literature,

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anti-aircraft missiles. With a moderate full displacement of 5,350 tons, they were initially intended to be classified as destroyers but ultimately entered service as guided-missile cruisers. During this period, designs for larger cruisers, such as Project 64 and the nuclear-powered Project 63 (with

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in the US, larger ships were called cruisers, slightly smaller and weaker fleet escorts were called destroyers, and smaller ships for ocean escort and anti-submarine warfare were called frigates. However, the size and qualitative differences between them and destroyers were vague and arbitrary. With

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From this point on, US cruisers primarily served as anti-aircraft escorts for carriers and in shore bombardment. The only major Japanese carrier operation after Guadalcanal was the disastrous (for Japan) Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944, nicknamed the "Marianas Turkey Shoot" by the US Navy.

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occurred. The Allies had three light cruisers (one New Zealand) and ten destroyers; the Japanese had one small light cruiser and five destroyers, a Tokyo Express run for Vila. All three Allied cruisers were heavily damaged, with the New Zealand cruiser put out of action for 25 months by a Long Lance

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The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal occurred 12–15 November 1942 in two phases. A night surface action on 12–13 November was the first phase. The Japanese force consisted of two Kongō-class battleships with high explosive shells for bombarding Henderson Field, one small light cruiser, and 11 destroyers.

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alone. The battle had little effect on the overall situation, as the next night two Kongō-class battleships bombarded and severely damaged Henderson Field unopposed, and the following night another Tokyo Express convoy delivered 4,500 troops to Guadalcanal. The US convoy delivered the Army troops as

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Shortly after the turn of the 20th century there were difficult questions about the design of future cruisers. Modern armored cruisers, almost as powerful as battleships, were also fast enough to outrun older protected and unarmored cruisers. In the Royal Navy, Jackie Fisher cut back hugely on older

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classes, exceed 10,000 tons. Japan, for political reasons, does not use the term "cruiser" or even "destroyer", formally classifying these ships as missile escorts with hull numbers prefixed by DDG, corresponding to guided-missile destroyers. These Japanese destroyers also provide ballistic missile

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and the subsequent reduction of military rivalry led to significant reductions in naval forces. This reduction was more pronounced in the Soviet Navy, which was mostly taken over by Russia. Faced with severe financial difficulties, Russia was forced to decommission most of its ships in the 1990s or

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The U.S. Navy's guided-missile cruisers were built upon destroyer-style hulls (some called "destroyer leaders" or "frigates" prior to the 1975 reclassification). As the U.S. Navy's strike role was centered around aircraft carriers, cruisers were primarily designed to provide air defense while often

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then decided to use his Third Fleet carrier force to attack the Japanese carrier group, located well to the north of Samar, which was actually a decoy group with few aircraft. The Japanese were desperately short of aircraft and pilots at this point in the war, and Leyte Gulf was the first battle in

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had not arrived yet and the remainder of the force was on guard for US warships. The bombardment caused little damage. The cruiser-destroyer force then withdrew, while the transport force continued towards Guadalcanal. Both forces were attacked by US aircraft on the 14th. The cruiser force lost one

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took place 25–27 October 1942. It was a pivotal battle, as it left the US and Japanese with only two large carriers each in the South Pacific (another large Japanese carrier was damaged and under repair until May 1943). Due to the high carrier attrition rate with no replacements for months, for the

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northeast of Singapore. It was now clear that surface ships could not operate near enemy aircraft in daylight without air cover; most surface actions of 1942–43 were fought at night as a result. Generally, both sides avoided risking their battleships until the Japanese attack at Leyte Gulf in 1944.

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after it was spotted by a U-boat. Although the Germans sank a British destroyer and a minesweeper (also damaging another destroyer), they failed to damage any of the convoy's merchant ships. A German destroyer was lost and a heavy cruiser damaged. Both sides withdrew from the action for fear of the

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on Arms Limitation in 1922, the tonnage and quantity of battleships, aircraft carriers and cruisers were severely restricted. In order not to violate the treaty, countries began to develop light cruisers. Light cruisers of the 1920s had displacements of less than 10,000 tons and a speed of up to 35

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guns were installed to fight aircraft and small vessels such as torpedo boats. For example, in World War II, American Alaska-class cruisers were more than 30,000 tons, equipped with nine 12 in (305 mm) guns. Some cruisers could also carry three or four seaplanes to correct the accuracy of

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Some large liners were armed in the same way. In British service these were known as Armed Merchant Cruisers (AMC). The Germans and French used them in World War I as raiders because of their high speed (around 30 knots (56 km/h)), and they were used again as raiders early in World War II

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Unarmored cruising warships, built out of wood, iron, steel or a combination of those materials, remained popular until towards the end of the 19th century. The ironclad's armor often meant that they were limited to short range under steam, and many ironclads were unsuited to long-range missions or

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class) with a full displacement of 11,300 tons were completed out of a longer planned series. They carried 16 Bazalt anti-ship missile launchers and eight vertical launchers for long-range Fort anti-aircraft missiles. The pinnacle of development for cruisers designed to engage surface ships, while

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s, the US Navy used odd naming conventions that left its fleet seemingly without many cruisers, although a number of their ships were cruisers in all but name. From the 1950s to the 1970s, US Navy cruisers were large vessels equipped with heavy, specialized missiles (mostly surface-to-air, but for

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At the Battle off Samar, a Japanese battleship group moving towards the invasion fleet off Leyte engaged a minuscule American force known as "Taffy 3" (formally Task Unit 77.4.3), composed of six escort carriers with about 28 aircraft each, three destroyers, and four destroyer escorts. The biggest

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as heavy cruisers by replacing their 6.1 in (155 mm) triple turrets with 8 in (203 mm) twin turrets. Torpedo refits were also made to most heavy cruisers, resulting in up to sixteen 24 in (610 mm) tubes per ship, plus a set of reloads. In 1941 the 1920s light cruisers

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The heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser designed for long range, high speed and an armament of naval guns around 203 mm (8 in) in calibre. The first heavy cruisers were built in 1915, although it only became a widespread classification following the London Naval Treaty in 1930. The heavy

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hastily armed with small guns on the outbreak of war. Auxiliary cruisers were used to fill gaps in their long-range lines or provide escort for other cargo ships, although they generally proved to be useless in this role because of their low speed, feeble firepower and lack of armor. In both world

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s armament consisted of fore and aft 10-inch (25.4 cm) guns and 6-inch (15.2 cm) guns in the midships positions. It could reach a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h), and was propelled by steam alone. It also had a displacement of less than 3,000 tons. During the two following decades, this

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Steel also offered the cruiser a way of acquiring the protection needed to survive in combat. Steel armor was considerably stronger, for the same weight, than iron. By putting a relatively thin layer of steel armor above the vital parts of the ship, and by placing the coal bunkers where they might

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After the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands in October 1942, both sides were short of large aircraft carriers. The US suspended major carrier operations until sufficient carriers could be completed to destroy the entire Japanese fleet at once should it appear. The Central Pacific carrier raids and

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sank or was scuttled before the night was out, along with two Japanese destroyers. The remaining Japanese ships withdrew, except for the four transports, which beached themselves in the night and started unloading. However, dawn (and US aircraft, US artillery, and a US destroyer) found them still

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with a cruiser-destroyer force. In a controversial move, the US carrier task forces were withdrawn from the area on the 8th due to heavy fighter losses and low fuel. The Allied force included six heavy cruisers (two Australian), two light cruisers (one Australian), and eight US destroyers. Of the

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Most post-World War II cruisers were tasked with air defense roles. In the early 1950s, advances in aviation technology forced the move from anti-aircraft artillery to anti-aircraft missiles. Therefore, most modern cruisers are equipped with surface-to-air missiles as their main armament. Today's

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The British press referred to the vessels as pocket battleships, in reference to the heavy firepower contained in the relatively small vessels; they were considerably smaller than contemporary battleships, though at 28 knots were slower than battlecruisers. At up to 16,000 tons at full load, they

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During the 19th century, navies began to use steam power for their fleets. The 1840s saw the construction of experimental steam-powered frigates and sloops. By the middle of the 1850s, the British and U.S. Navies were both building steam frigates with very long hulls and a heavy gun armament, for

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aircraft carriers being built. Losing four heavy and two small light cruisers in 1942, the Japanese built only five light cruisers during the war; these were small ships with six 6.1 in (155 mm) guns each. Losing 20 cruisers in 1940–42, the British completed no heavy cruisers, thirteen

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with 5,500 metres (6,000 yd) at 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph). The Mark 15 had a maximum range of 13,500 metres (14,800 yd) at 26.5 knots (49.1 km/h; 30.5 mph), still well below the "Long Lance". The Japanese were able to keep the Type 93's performance and oxygen power

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for these ships, eventually nicknamed "Long Lance" by the Allies. This type used compressed oxygen instead of compressed air, allowing it to achieve ranges and speeds unmatched by other torpedoes. It could achieve a range of 22,000 metres (24,000 yd) at 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph),

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The rise of air power during World War II dramatically changed the nature of naval combat. Even the fastest cruisers could not maneuver quickly enough to evade aerial attack, and aircraft now had torpedoes, allowing moderate-range standoff capabilities. This change led to the end of independent

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guarded only by the small Seventh Fleet escort carrier force. The battle commenced at dawn on 25 October 1944, shortly after the Battle of Surigao Strait. In the engagement that followed, the Americans exhibited uncanny torpedo accuracy, blowing the bows off several Japanese heavy cruisers. The

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were an attempt by mercantile interests in Parliament to focus the Navy on commerce defence and raiding with cruisers, rather than the more scarce and expensive ships of the line. During the 18th century the frigate became the preeminent type of cruiser. A frigate was a small, fast, long range,

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in southern Ukraine. It was reported that the Ukrainian government invested ₴6.08 million into the ship's maintenance in 2012. On 26 March 2017, it was announced that the Ukrainian Government will be scrapping the vessel which has been laid up, incomplete, for nearly 30 years in Mykolaiv.

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s can also be used as the basis for an entire battle group. Their cruiser designation was almost certainly deserved when first built, as their sensors and combat management systems enable them to act as flagships for a surface warship flotilla if no carrier is present, but newer ships rated as

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operations by single ships or very small task groups, and for the second half of the 20th century naval operations were based on very large fleets believed able to fend off all but the largest air attacks, though this was not tested by any war in that period. The US Navy became centered around

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took place on the night of 30 November – 1 December 1942. The US had four heavy cruisers, one light cruiser, and four destroyers. The Japanese had eight destroyers on a Tokyo Express run to deliver food and supplies in drums to Guadalcanal. The Americans achieved initial surprise, damaging one

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of 13 February 1942 and repaired, was further damaged by a British air attack on 27 February 1942. She began a conversion process to mount six 38 cm (15 in) guns instead of nine 28 cm (11 in) guns, but in early 1943 Hitler (angered by the recent failure at the Battle of the

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launched in 1933, new cruisers were built without torpedoes, and torpedoes were removed from older heavy cruisers due to the perceived hazard of their being exploded by shell fire. The Japanese took exactly the opposite approach with cruiser torpedoes, and this proved crucial to their tactical

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attempted to reduce the tonnage of new cruisers to 8,000 or less, but this had little effect; Japan and Germany were not signatories, and some navies had already begun to evade treaty limitations on warships. The first London treaty did touch off a period of the major powers building 6-inch or

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was launched by China in June 2017 and was commissioned on 12 January 2020 (as of 2023, 8 are in service). Despite being classified as a destroyer by its operator, many naval analysts believe that it is far too large and too well equipped to be considered a destroyer, and is classified by the

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class, despite their displacement of approximately 16,000 tons and armament with two large-caliber (155 mm) guns traditionally associated with cruisers, are classified as destroyers. Literature often emphasizes that these ships are essentially large cruisers. Similarly, Japanese large missile

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were landed on Guadalcanal and other nearby islands, beginning the Guadalcanal Campaign. This campaign proved to be a severe test for the Navy as well as the Marines. Along with two carrier battles, several major surface actions occurred, almost all at night between cruiser-destroyer forces.

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Cruisers participated in a number of surface engagements in the early part of World War II, along with escorting carrier and battleship groups throughout the war. In the later part of the war, Allied cruisers primarily provided anti-aircraft (AA) escort for carrier groups and performed shore

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tactics, while the Japanese trained extensively for nighttime torpedo attacks. Since all post-1930 Japanese cruisers had 8-inch guns by 1941, almost all of the US Navy's cruisers in the South Pacific in 1942 were the 8-inch-gunned (203 mm) "treaty cruisers"; most of the 6-inch-gunned

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to conclude that only perhaps half of cruisers would use their torpedoes in action. In a surface engagement, long-range gunfire and destroyer torpedoes would decide the issue, and under air attack numerous cruisers would be lost before getting within torpedo range. Thus, beginning with

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cruiser's immediate precursors were the light cruiser designs of the 1910s and 1920s; the US lightly armored 8-inch "treaty cruisers" of the 1920s (built under the Washington Naval Treaty) were originally classed as light cruisers until the London Treaty forced their redesignation.

1142:. Torpedo tubes and 6-inch (152 mm) low-angle guns were removed from these World War I light cruisers and replaced with ten 4-inch (102 mm) high-angle guns, with appropriate fire-control equipment to provide larger warships with protection against high-altitude bombers. 1948:) were there to meet them, along with four destroyers. This was one of only two battleship-on-battleship encounters during the Pacific War; the other was the lopsided Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944, part of the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The battleships had been escorting 483:. The first ironclads were frigates, in the sense of having one gun deck; however, they were also clearly the most powerful ships in the navy, and were principally to serve in the line of battle. In spite of their great speed, they would have been wasted in a cruising role. 2047:

hit. The Allies sank only the Japanese light cruiser, and the Japanese landed 1,200 troops at Vila. Despite their tactical victory, this battle caused the Japanese to use a different route in the future, where they were more vulnerable to destroyer and PT boat attacks.

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attacks) and the bloody but successful invasion of Tarawa. The air attacks on Rabaul crippled the Japanese cruiser force, with four heavy and two light cruisers damaged; they were withdrawn to Truk. The US had built up a force in the Central Pacific of six large, five

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indicates it retains some status as an aircraft-carrying cruiser). It is armed with missiles, but these are short-range self-defense missiles (anti-aircraft Aspide and anti-ship Otomat) and do not match the significance of its aviation capabilities. Similarly, the

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adding anti-submarine capabilities. These U.S. cruisers that were built in the 1960s and 1970s were larger, often nuclear-powered for extended endurance in escorting nuclear-powered fleet carriers, and carried longer-range surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) than early

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Although their battleships were held out of surface action, Japanese cruiser-destroyer forces rapidly isolated and mopped up the Allied naval forces in the Dutch East Indies campaign of February–March 1942. In three separate actions, they sank five Allied cruisers

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destroyer was comparable in size to existing U.S. cruisers, while having the advantage of an enclosed hangar (with space for up to two medium-lift helicopters) which was a considerable improvement over the basic aviation facilities of earlier cruisers. The

2692:

cruise missile) for wide-ranging combat against land-based and sea-based targets. Naming conventions changed, and some guided-missile cruisers were classified as frigates or destroyers during certain periods or at the construction stage. All save one—USS

1956:, the Americans had major gun and armor advantages. All four destroyers were sunk or severely damaged and withdrawn shortly after the Japanese attacked them with gunfire and torpedoes. Although her main battery remained in action for most of the battle, 2760:

Literature sometimes considers ships as cruisers even if they are not officially classified as such, primarily larger representatives of the Soviet large anti-submarine ship class, which had no equivalent in global classification. Ultimately, after the

3407:

An alternative development path for guided-missile cruisers was represented by ships armed with heavy long-range anti-ship missiles, primarily developed in the Soviet Union with a focus on combating aircraft carriers. Starting in 1962, four ships of

1149:. Having sacrificed anti-ship weapons for anti-aircraft armament, the converted anti-aircraft cruisers might themselves need protection against surface units. New construction was undertaken to create cruisers of similar speed and displacement with 604:

stop shellfire, a useful degree of protection could be achieved without slowing the ship too much. Protected cruisers generally had an armored deck with sloped sides, providing similar protection to a light armored belt at less weight and expense.

2096:

The Imperial Japanese Navy's last major operation was the Battle of Leyte Gulf, an attempt to dislodge the American invasion of the Philippines in October 1944. The two actions at this battle in which cruisers played a significant role were the

3350:

One cruiser alternative studied in the late 1980s by the United States was variously entitled a Mission Essential Unit (MEU) or CG V/STOL. In a return to the thoughts of the independent operations cruiser-carriers of the 1930s and the Soviet

2067:

to a cruiser, but no losses. The Japanese lost one light cruiser and a destroyer, with four other ships damaged. The Japanese withdrew; the Americans pursued them until dawn, then returned to the landing area to provide anti-aircraft cover.

2058:

in the Solomon Islands. A Japanese heavy cruiser was damaged by a nighttime air attack shortly before the battle; it is likely that Allied airborne radar had progressed far enough to allow night operations. The Americans had four of the new

990:

secret until the Allies recovered one in early 1943, thus the Allies faced a great threat they were not aware of in 1942. The Type 93 was also fitted to Japanese post-1930 light cruisers and the majority of their World War II destroyers.

2777:-class cruisers as the core of US Navy air defense, have displacements up to 8,373 tons and nearly equal combat capabilities, carrying the Aegis system and similar missiles, albeit in smaller numbers; similarly for Japanese destroyers). 3086:-class cruisers, built in the 1980s, were originally designed and designated as a class of destroyer, intended to provide a very powerful air-defense in these carrier-centered fleets. As of 2020, the US Navy still had 22 of its newest 2439:

successors were significantly larger (5,670 tons standard versus 4,150 tons standard) due to a second Terrier launcher and greater endurance. An economical crew size compared with World War II conversions was probably a factor, as the

3279:

aircraft. Their full displacement of approximately 43,000 tons is typical for aircraft carriers. By hosting several helicopters, their primary mission was also anti-submarine warfare. The last example in service was the Soviet Navy's

2244:. The large number of cruisers built was probably due to the significant cruiser losses of 1942 in the Pacific theater (seven American and five other Allied) and the perceived need for several cruisers to escort each of the numerous 3478:

in the 1980s. It was initially somewhat ambitiously designated as a light helicopter cruiser but was reclassified as a destroyer in 1990, along with a name change. The ship and its classification reflected the ambitions of dictator

1865:, firing all torpedoes (though apparently none hit or detonated) and raking the battleship's bridge with gunfire, wounding the Japanese admiral and killing his chief of staff. The Americans initially lost four destroyers including 241:. Each type were limited in total and individual tonnage which shaped cruiser design until the collapse of the treaty system just prior to the start of World War II. Some variations on the Treaty cruiser design included the German 1711:

Along with lack of knowledge of the capabilities of the Long Lance torpedo, the US Navy was hampered by a deficiency it was initially unaware of—the unreliability of the Mark 15 torpedo used by destroyers. This weapon shared the

437:

was generally too large, inflexible, and expensive to be dispatched on long-range missions (for instance, to the Americas), and too strategically important to be put at risk of fouling and foundering by continual patrol duties.

262:

ships (aircraft carriers not being considered surface combatants, as their attack capability comes from their air wings rather than on-board weapons). The role of the cruiser varied according to ship and navy, often including

2168:, while the Japanese had 14 in (356 mm), 16 in (406 mm), and 18.1 in (460 mm) guns. Aircraft from six additional escort carriers also participated for a total of around 330 US aircraft, a mix of 1654:

Generally, the Japanese held their capital ships out of all surface actions in the 1941–42 campaigns or they failed to close with the enemy; the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November 1942 was the sole exception. The four

2469:

ER missile. The guided-missile frigates and cruisers served in the Cold War and the Vietnam War; off Vietnam they performed shore bombardment and shot down enemy aircraft or, as Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone

492:, commissioned 1865. These "station ironclads" were the beginning of the development of the armored cruisers, a type of ironclad specifically for the traditional cruiser missions of fast, independent raiding and patrol. 3198:

in 1981, the class has received a number of upgrades that have dramatically improved its members' capabilities for anti-submarine and land attack (using the Tomahawk missile). Like their Soviet counterparts, the modern

1068:

were capable of both outrunning and outgunning the Panzerschiffe. They were seen in the 1930s as a new and serious threat by both Britain and France. While the Kriegsmarine reclassified them as heavy cruisers in 1940,

454:

lightly armed (single gun-deck) ship used for scouting, carrying dispatches, and disrupting enemy trade. The other principal type of cruiser was the sloop, but many other miscellaneous types of ship were used as well.

6175: 2409:

anti-submarine launcher the World War II conversions lacked. The converted World War II cruisers up to this point retained one or two main battery turrets for shore bombardment. However, in 1962–1964 three additional

2428:. These had two Talos and two Tartar launchers plus ASROC and two 5-inch (127 mm) guns for self-defense, and were primarily built to get greater numbers of Talos launchers deployed. Of all these types, only the 2120:, one heavy cruiser, and four destroyers. They were followed at a considerable distance by another small force of two heavy cruisers, a small light cruiser, and four destroyers. Their goal was to head north through 1707:

torpedoes. Destroyers also participated heavily on both sides of these battles and provided essentially all the torpedoes on the Allied side, with some battles in these campaigns fought entirely between destroyers.

3664:

The following are classified as destroyers by their respective operators, but, due to their size and capabilities, are considered to be cruisers by some, all having full load displacements of at least 10,000 tons:

4257:, was decommissioned in 1958 and sold for scrapping in 1959. This light cruiser was akin to pre-WW1 light cruisers at time of commissioning and its contemporaries were gunboats; Taiwan's penultimate cruiser was 888:

6.1-inch gunned cruisers, nominally of 10,000 tons and with up to fifteen guns, the treaty limit. Thus, most light cruisers ordered after 1930 were the size of heavy cruisers but with more and smaller guns. The

6152: 3710:

destroyers. Despite their classification as a destroyer, many naval analysts feel they are in fact cruisers due to their size and armament, which are both greater than most of the world's destroyer classes.

1904:

s loss was especially tragic; the submarine's presence prevented immediate rescue, over 100 survivors of a crew of nearly 700 were adrift for eight days, and all but ten died. Among the dead were the five

1322:

gunfire and perform reconnaissance. Together with battleships, these heavy cruisers formed powerful naval task forces, which dominated the world's oceans for more than a century. After the signing of the

3425:

24 anti-ship missiles), were also developed. However, their construction was abandoned due to high costs and vulnerability to air attacks due to the shortcomings of available anti-aircraft missiles.

1684:

due to lack of high-explosive bombardment shells, poor nautical charts of the area, and high fuel consumption. It is likely that the poor charts affected other battleships as well. Except for the

1797:. The Japanese troop convoy was attacked by Allied aircraft, resulting in the Japanese subsequently reinforcing Guadalcanal with troops on fast warships at night. These convoys were called the " 8262: 1964:, and radio systems. Although her armor was not penetrated, she was hit by 26 shells of various calibers and temporarily rendered, in a US admiral's words, "deaf, dumb, blind, and impotent". 906:

in 1936. To match foreign developments and potential treaty violations, in the 1930s the US developed a series of new guns firing "super-heavy" armor piercing ammunition; these included the

834:. By the time of World War I, cruisers had accelerated their development and improved their quality significantly, with drainage volume reaching 3000–4000 tons, a speed of 25–30 knots and a 221:

By the early 20th century, after World War I, the direct successors to protected cruisers could be placed on a consistent scale of warship size, smaller than a battleship but larger than a

2638:

system but ultimately did not proceed. Several other classical cruisers from various countries were rearmed with short-range anti-aircraft systems requiring fewer modifications, such as

1836:

most part both sides stopped risking their remaining carriers until late 1943, and each side sent in a pair of battleships instead. The next major carrier operations for the US were the

1793:

On 24–25 August 1942 the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, a major carrier action, was fought. Part of the action was a Japanese attempt to reinforce Guadalcanal with men and equipment on

394:' "The Military Balance" defines a cruiser as a surface combatant displacing at least 9750 tonnes; with respect to vessels in service as of the early 2020s it includes the Type 055, the 1801:" by the Allies. Although the Tokyo Express often ran unopposed, most surface actions in the Solomons revolved around Tokyo Express missions. Also, US air operations had commenced from 1746:) with torpedoes and gunfire, against one Japanese cruiser damaged. With one other Allied cruiser withdrawn for repairs, the only remaining Allied cruiser in the area was the damaged 2846:

DE/DEG (Ocean Escort/Guided-Missile Ocean Escort) were redesignated to FF/FFG (Guided-Missile Frigates), bringing the US "Frigate" designation into line with the rest of the world.

3165:, for training purposes only. While Type 055 of the Chinese Navy is classified as a cruiser by the U.S. Department of Defense, the Chinese consider it a guided-missile destroyer. 2713:

was also the last cruiser built with a World War II-era cruiser style hull (characterized by a long lean hull); later new-build cruisers were actually converted frigates (DLG/CG

1044:

were tactically used as centers of battlefleets and not as cruisers. They were deployed by Nazi Germany in support of the German interests in the Spanish Civil War. Panzerschiff

229:

placed a formal limit on these cruisers, which were defined as warships of up to 10,000 tons displacement carrying guns no larger than 8 inches in calibre; whilst the 1930

2398:

DDGs resulted in the completion of numerous additional guided-missile ships deploying all three systems in 1959–1962. Also completed during this period was the nuclear-powered

1040:. Within the Kriegsmarine, the Panzerschiffe had the propaganda value of capital ships: heavy cruisers with battleship guns, torpedoes, and scout aircraft. The similar Swedish 883:

in 1930 then formalised the distinction between these "heavy" cruisers and light cruisers: a "heavy" cruiser was one with guns of more than 6.1-inch (155 mm) calibre. The

3368:

at Sea" effort. The project was curtailed by the sudden end of the Cold War and its aftermath, otherwise the first of class would have been likely ordered in the early 1990s.

2861:

guided-missile cruisers) to emphasize the additional capability provided by the ships' Aegis combat systems, and their flag facilities suitable for an admiral and his staff.

3487:

medium-range anti-ship missiles but lacked anti-aircraft missile armament and was equipped with two light helicopters without means for long-range anti-submarine warfare.

3456:

class) from the 1980s. These were officially classified as "heavy nuclear guided-missile cruisers". With a full displacement of up to 25,000 tons, they were armed with 20

3098:

system). However, no new cruisers of this class were being built. In the 21st century, there were design efforts for futuristic large cruisers provisionally designated as

8255: 2337:. For the longer term, it was thought that gun systems would be inadequate to deal with the missile threat, and by the mid-1950s three naval SAM systems were developed: 6333: 6475: 2634:, was used for testing anti-ship missiles but never entered service in this role. The British considered converting older cruisers to guided-missile cruisers with the 1125:. After the start of World War I, her four 120 mm main guns were landed and her four 75 mm (12-pounder) secondary guns were modified for anti-aircraft fire. 2465:

had her Talos launcher removed in a refit shortly thereafter; the deck space was used for Harpoon missiles. Around this time the Terrier ships were upgraded with the

2108:

The Battle of Surigao Strait was fought on the night of 24–25 October, a few hours before the Battle off Samar. The Japanese had a small battleship group composed of

7202: 3275:". These ships combined the architecture of cruisers and aircraft carriers and were armed with long-range anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles along with a deck for 3168: 6837: 3800:

is developing its DDX destroyer project. The 2 ships will displace 10,000 tons each, making them the largest surface combatants Italy has built since World War II.

450: 1688:

class, most Japanese battleships spent the critical year of 1942, in which most of the war's surface actions occurred, in home waters or at the fortified base of

1103:, and rumored Japanese "super cruisers", all of which carried guns larger than the standard heavy cruiser's 8-inch size dictated by naval treaty limitations, the 5031: 5005: 2034:

was fought on the night of 5–6 July. The US had three light cruisers and four destroyers; the Japanese had ten destroyers loaded with 2,600 troops destined for

980:

launched in 1925, every Japanese heavy cruiser was armed with 24-inch (610 mm) torpedoes, larger than any other cruisers'. By 1933 Japan had developed the

8248: 5767:

Although these ships were designated light cruisers at the time, the term "anti-aircraft" is used to distinguish them from larger London Treaty light cruisers.

1765:

and Midway in mid-1942, Japan had lost four of the six fleet carriers that launched the Pearl Harbor raid and was on the strategic defensive. On 7 August 1942

1153:, which offered good anti-aircraft protection with anti-surface capability for the traditional light cruiser role of defending capital ships from destroyers. 1111:, their actual protection scheme and design resembled a scaled-up heavy cruiser design. Their hull classification symbol of CB (cruiser, big) reflected this. 748:

At around the same time as the battlecruiser was developed, the distinction between the armored and the unarmored cruiser finally disappeared. By the British

2543:

class were upgraded with the vertical launch system (VLS) for Tomahawk cruise missiles due to its modular hull design, along with the similarly VLS-equipped

960:

Initially, all cruisers built under the Washington treaty had torpedo tubes, regardless of nationality. However, in 1930, results of war games caused the US

3259:. The further development of helicopter cruisers led to the creation of ships formally classified only as cruisers but significantly larger and effectively 2785:

with equal or superior capabilities to the Soviet cruisers at the time. Because of this, in 1975 the Navy performed a massive redesignation of its forces:

2452:

s were joined by four additional classes and two one-off ships for a total of 36 guided-missile frigates, eight of them nuclear-powered (DLGN). In 1975 the

1331:

allowed large light cruisers to be built, with the same tonnage as heavy cruisers and armed with up to fifteen 155 mm (6.1 in) guns. The Japanese

3327:

vessels were originally designated 'through-deck cruisers', but have since been designated as small aircraft carriers (although the 'C' in the pennant for

1753:. Despite their rapid success, the Japanese proceeded methodically, never leaving their air cover and rapidly establishing new air bases as they advanced. 690:

vessels, including many cruisers of different sorts, calling them "a miser's hoard of useless junk" that any modern cruiser would sweep from the seas. The

6797: 1891:, and the other destroyer was attacked by aircraft but was able to withdraw. Both of the damaged US anti-aircraft cruisers were lost on 13 November, one ( 899:, launched in 1934. After building smaller light cruisers with six or eight 6-inch guns launched 1931–35, the British Royal Navy followed with the 12-gun 4928: 2156:

on 2 May 1982. She was the first ship sunk by a nuclear submarine outside of accidents, and only the second ship sunk by a submarine since World War II.

374:

Nevertheless, other classes in addition to the above may be considered cruisers due to differing classification systems. The US/NATO system includes the

2349:(short range). Talos and Terrier were nuclear-capable and this allowed their use in anti-ship or shore bombardment roles in the event of nuclear war. 872:

and an armament of guns larger than 8-inch (203 mm). A number of navies commissioned classes of cruisers at the top end of this limit, known as "

3731:

destroyers. Even if considered a destroyer, they remain significantly larger and more capable than the only definitive cruisers in USN service, the

2912:

and the Soviet submarine force could deploy numerous ASCMs. Doctrine later shifted back to overwhelming carrier group defenses with ASCMs, with the

2547:

class, these ships had anti-surface strike capabilities beyond the 1960s–1970s cruisers that received Tomahawk armored-box launchers as part of the

1632:

Six of the battleships from Pearl Harbor were eventually returned to service, but no US battleships engaged Japanese surface units at sea until the

1189:

The concept of the quick-firing dual-purpose gun anti-aircraft cruiser was embraced in several designs completed too late to see combat, including:

7107: 523:

Until the 1890s armored cruisers were still built with masts for a full sailing rig, to enable them to operate far from friendly coaling stations.

1107:

s were intended to be "cruiser-killers". While superficially appearing similar to a battleship/battlecruiser and mounting three triple turrets of

1952:, but were detached due to the urgency of the situation. With nine 16-inch (406 mm) guns apiece against eight 14-inch (356 mm) guns on 4901: 3271:

class) were built in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Initially classified as anti-submarine cruisers, they were ultimately designated as "heavy

2892:, with launchers for four SS-N-3 ASCMs and no reloads, entered service in 1967–69. In 1969–79 Soviet cruiser numbers more than tripled with ten 694:

also appeared in this era; this was a small, fast, lightly armed and armored type designed primarily for reconnaissance. The Royal Navy and the

4827: 2010:

of 1,200 drums dropped off the island were recovered. The next day the Japanese Navy proposed abandoning Guadalcanal; this was approved by the

822:

by the Germans and Japanese. In both the First World War and in the early part of the Second, they were used as convoy escorts by the British.

2333:

attacks in that war. The initial response was to upgrade the light AA armament of new cruisers from 40 mm and 20 mm weapons to twin

2321:

at the time were primarily for land attack; but by 1964 anti-ship missiles were deployed in quantity on cruisers, destroyers, and submarines.

1472: 1377:

s captain to think he faced a hopeless situation while low on ammunition and order his ship scuttled. On 8 June 1940 the German capital ships

2762: 2675: 2329:

The US Navy was aware of the potential missile threat as soon as World War II ended, and had considerable related experience due to Japanese

1613:

on 7 December 1941 brought the United States into the war, but with eight battleships sunk or damaged by air attack. On 10 December 1941 HMS

391: 296: 2566:, despite being classified as destroyers, actually have much heavier anti-surface armament than previous U.S. ships classified as cruisers. 5528: 2614:

uniquely among surface ships also being armed with Polaris strategic missile launchers, although these were never actually carried. In the

2042:. Although the Japanese sank a cruiser, they lost two destroyers and were able to deliver only 850 troops. On the night of 12–13 July, the 1558: 1912:

The Japanese transport force was rescheduled for the 14th and a new cruiser-destroyer force (belatedly joined by the surviving battleship

3322: 3154: 2888:

ASCMs with a full set of reloads; these had a range of up to 450 kilometres (280 mi) with mid-course guidance. The four more modest

359: 5314: 2531:

which had comparable anti-air capabilities to cruisers at the time, and then the DDG-47-class destroyers which were redesignated as the

2180:, six heavy cruisers, two small light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. The Japanese force had earlier been driven off by air attack, losing 1267:

bombardment. Japanese cruisers similarly escorted carrier and battleship groups in the later part of the war, notably in the disastrous

4751: 3417: 3305: 3204:

destroyers and also equipped with Aegis approach them very closely in capability, and once more blur the line between the two classes.

2501:

in the early 1980s the U.S. Navy retrofitted some of these existing cruisers to carry a small number of Harpoon anti-ship missiles and

1695:

From 1942 through mid-1943, US and other Allied cruisers were the heavy units on their side of the numerous surface engagements of the

353: 1805:, the airfield on Guadalcanal. Fear of air power on both sides resulted in all surface actions in the Solomons being fought at night. 1651:

later that month. However, on 15 September she was torpedoed while escorting a carrier group and had to return to the US for repairs.

555:. Even though the Peruvian vessel was obsolete by the time of the encounter, it stood up well to roughly 50 hits from British shells. 8297: 2592: 2575: 6307: 3105:

Formally, only the aforementioned ships are classified as cruisers globally. The latest American futuristic large destroyers of the

7457: 4842: 4272: 3343:"helicopter destroyers" are really more along the lines of helicopter cruisers in function and aircraft complement, but due to the 3135:

to a single role, anti-submarine or anti-aircraft typically, and the large "generalist" ship has disappeared from most forces. The

3090:-class cruisers in service. These ships were continuously upgraded, enhancing their value and versatility. Some were equipped with 6614: 4261:, their lone vessel in the Arethusa-class. She defected to the People's Liberation Army Navy during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. 2900:

entering service. These had launchers for eight large-diameter missiles whose purpose was initially unclear to NATO. This was the

1988:, and was successful in evading several torpedo attacks. Unusually, only a few Japanese torpedoes scored hits in this engagement. 1490:, failed due to multiple German warships grounding, but air and submarine attacks sank 2/3 of the convoy's ships. In August 1942 1049: 535:—could continue in this role. Even though mid- to late-19th century cruisers typically carried up-to-date guns firing explosive 6655: 3095: 3091: 1625: 248:"pocket battleships", which had heavier armament at the expense of speed compared to standard heavy cruisers, and the American 17: 1924: 1666:

and other carrier forces in 1941–42. Japanese capital ships also participated ineffectively (due to not being engaged) in the

671:

Steel also affected the construction and role of armored cruisers. Steel meant that new designs of battleship, later known as

8287: 7395: 7325: 7054: 6930: 6514: 5112: 4847: 2288: 1170:

cruisers (CLAA: light cruiser with anti-aircraft capability) were designed to match the capabilities of the Royal Navy. Both

586:

as a material for construction and armament. A steel cruiser could be lighter and faster than one built of iron or wood. The

8858: 7231:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. V: The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943

6483: 2869:

In the Soviet Navy, cruisers formed the basis of combat groups. In the immediate post-war era it built a fleet of gun-armed

993:

Heavy cruisers continued in use until after World War II, with some converted to guided-missile cruisers for air defense or

729: 8292: 7502: 6153:"Historic Navy Cruiser, USS Long Beach, To Be Auctioned As Scrap Metal By Government Liquidation Starting Tuesday, July 10" 4317: 3470: 3160: 1396:

with gunfire. From October 1940 through March 1941 the German heavy cruiser (also known as "pocket battleship", see above)

864:

arms race of the early 20th century. The Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 placed limits on the construction of ships with a

4546: 1211: 860:

Naval construction in the 1920s and 1930s was limited by international treaties designed to prevent the repetition of the

4337: 3310:

is nominally designated as an aviation cruiser but otherwise resembles a standard medium aircraft carrier, albeit with a

2975: 2646:, but since these were intended only for self-defense, they are not considered guided-missile cruisers (e.g., the Soviet 2241: 6440: 4504: 3337: 4954: 4067:

until 2006, when she was forced to close due to financial difficulties. She sat in the French Navy's mothball fleet in

3649:

Maintenance and construction was costing the country US$ 225,000 per month. On 19 September 2019, the new director of

1918:) was sent to bombard Henderson Field the night of 13 November. Only two cruisers actually bombarded the airfield, as 9197: 7376: 7306: 7288: 7266: 7242: 7216: 7190: 7165: 7143: 7124: 7035: 7016: 6997: 6978: 6956: 6908: 6877: 5177: 5139: 5100: 4885: 4602: 4357: 4157: 3608: 3364: 3333: 3315: 2851: 2318: 1594: 42: 3079:-class cruisers are also outfitted with many sensors and communications equipment, allowing them to lead the fleet. 3044: 3815: 3753: 3704: 3686: 3677: 3657: 3439:

In the 1980s, before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, only three guided-missile cruisers of the new generation

2988: 2954:

has been classified by the United States Department of Defense as a cruiser because of its large size and armament.

2392: 1832: 1359: 1348: 608: 396: 309: 152:

The term "cruiser", which has been in use for several hundred years, has changed its meaning over time. During the

1335:

class were built to this treaty's limit, the Americans and British also built similar ships. However, in 1939 the

449:—and later French and Spanish navies—subsequently caught up in terms of their numbers and deployment. The British 9063: 4837: 4449: 3148: 2832:-class guided-missile frigates (DLG), being smaller and less capable than the others, were redesignated to DDGs ( 2630:, proved ineffective as a naval system, and further conversions were abandoned. Another cruiser of this project, 2385: 509: 160:

referred to certain kinds of missions—independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding—usually fulfilled by

114: 7073: 621:, she inspired a group of protected cruisers produced in the same yard and known as the "Elswick cruisers". Her 258:

In the later 20th century, the obsolescence of the battleship left the cruiser as the largest and most powerful

8369: 5053: 3946: 3250: 1648: 785:

These vessels were essentially large coastal patrol boats armed with multiple light guns. One such warship was

7464:. Future Concepts and Surface Ship Design Group, Naval Sea Systems Command, United States Navy. Archived from 3448:

also protecting fleet formations from aircraft and submarines, was the four large nuclear-powered cruisers of

2789:

CVA/CVAN (Attack Aircraft Carrier/Nuclear-powered Attack Aircraft Carrier) were redesignated CV/CVN (although

2626:, was similarly rearmed with anti-aircraft missiles. The M-2 missiles used on it, adapted from the land-based 1517:

run because it involved cruisers on both sides. Four British destroyers and five other vessels were escorting

6703: 5082: 4053: 3917: 3547: 3243:

From time to time, some navies have experimented with aircraft-carrying cruisers. One example is the Swedish

2767: 2598: 2486: 2259: 2115: 2051: 2011: 1968:

went undetected by the Japanese for most of the battle, but withheld shooting to avoid "friendly fire" until

1913: 1802: 1739: 1397: 1378: 1224: 1108: 8755: 8035: 7208: 5085:

wrote "We a require an increase.... in all classes of cruizer" in a letter dated 20th Feb 1900. Mackay, R.

5027: 5001: 4786: 3288: 3217: 2305:

entered service in the late 1970s, the US Navy was almost entirely dependent on carrier-based aircraft and

2301:, with cruisers and battleships primarily providing anti-aircraft defense and shore bombardment. Until the 2245: 2204:

attacks were used. Due to a tragedy of errors, Halsey took the American battleship force with him, leaving

2022:

After the Japanese abandoned Guadalcanal in February 1943, Allied operations in the Pacific shifted to the

1443: 1268: 1097: 994: 851: 831: 818:

wars the Germans also used small merchant ships armed with cruiser guns to surprise Allied merchant ships.

1674:; in both cases they were in battleship groups well to the rear of the carrier groups. Sources state that 1656: 9038: 8884: 8204: 7884: 4553: 3552:

is kept in ceremonial commission as the flagship of the Hellenic Navy due to her historical significance.

3281: 3264: 2935: 2905: 2188: 2071:

amphibious operations commenced in November 1943 with a carrier raid on Rabaul (preceded and followed by

1633: 1384: 487: 365: 183:, and for scouting for the battle fleet. Cruisers came in a wide variety of sizes, from the medium-sized 7346:

Roberts, Stephen S. (1977). "The Classification of British and French Screw Cruising Ships, 1840–1900".

2109: 639:

cruiser type came to be the inspiration for combining heavy artillery, high speed and low displacement.

9085: 8467: 6743: 4396: 3998: 3779: 3586:

was ceremonially recommissioned as the flagship of the Russian Navy due to her historical significance.

3355:

class, the ship was to be fitted with a hangar, elevators, and a flight deck. The mission systems were

3311: 2586:

countries were rearmed with anti-aircraft missiles installed in place of their aft armament: the Dutch

1766: 1696: 1675: 1641: 1537: 1423: 1413: 946: 884: 672: 500: 8240: 2839:

was the first ship of this class to be re-numbered; because of this the class is sometimes called the

2666:

anti-ship missiles at the end of the 20th century, but these did not constitute its primary armament.

8980: 8649: 8525: 8424: 8414: 7234: 4905: 3985: 3872: 3631: 3601: 3567: 3449: 3400: 3172: 2964: 2502: 2479: 2415: 2350: 2281: 1671: 1510: 1355: 1294: 1093: 1014: 900: 749: 486:

The French constructed a number of smaller ironclads for overseas cruising duties, starting with the

414: 380: 321: 242: 38: 7281:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. XII: Leyte, June 1944 – January 1945

2766:

the development of destroyers, this distinction has blurred even further (for example, the American

1936:, two heavy and two light cruisers, and nine destroyers approached Guadalcanal. Two US battleships ( 1923:

heavy cruiser sunk and one damaged. Although the transport force had fighter cover from the carrier

942: 9058: 9048: 8975: 8618: 8476: 7495: 4980: 4765: 4706: 4665: 4428: 3179: 2738: 2509: 2379: 1943: 1860: 1813: 1700: 1647:

was on hand for the initial landings at Guadalcanal on 7 August 1942, and escorted carriers in the

1637: 1554: 1436: 1303:

with four 5.5 in (140 mm) guns and forty 24 in (610 mm) torpedo tubes. In 1944

1218: 1204: 328: 313: 64: 7258:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. VI: Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier

3891:

As of 2019, several decommissioned cruisers have been saved from scrapping and exist worldwide as

3531:

Few cruisers are still operational in the world's navies. Those that remain in service today are:

3114: 2539:, and their flag facilities suitable for an admiral and his staff. In addition, 24 members of the 2236:

class was the largest cruiser class ever built in number of ships completed, with nine additional

592:

school of naval doctrine suggested that a fleet of fast unprotected steel cruisers were ideal for

334:

destroyer but receiving the cruiser designation due to their enhanced mission and combat systems.

8848: 8654: 8364: 7829: 6798:"Do the future Italian DDX destroyers foreshadow an evolution of combat ships? - Meta-Defense.fr" 6721: 4790: 4252: 4004: 3900: 3725: 3344: 3193: 3107: 2893: 2714: 2560: 2373: 2218: 2060: 1762: 1323: 966: 774: 420: 317: 226: 134: 7427:

Asanin, Władimir (2007). "Rakiety otieczestwiennego fłota. Czast 2. Na okienaskich prostorach".

6761: 5524: 3653: 1182:

cruisers at least were originally designed as destroyer leaders, were originally designated CL (

337:

As of 2023, only three countries operated active duty vessels formally classed as cruisers: the

320:

role. By the end of the Cold War the line between cruisers and destroyers had blurred, with the

214:

era that succeeded armored cruisers were now classified, along with dreadnought battleships, as

8843: 8730: 8694: 8689: 8515: 8419: 5687: 4769: 4500: 4479: 4465: 4421: 4376: 4248: 4225: 4177: 4093: 4030: 3957: 3940: 3933: 3811: 3700: 3644:

announced that the ship would be sold. The cruiser sits docked and unfinished at the harbor of

3581: 3429: 3260: 3012: 2924: 2889: 2870: 2744: 2623: 2399: 2077: 2043: 2001: 1937: 1837: 1747: 1743: 1735: 1610: 1457: 1275:. In 1937–41 the Japanese, having withdrawn from all naval treaties, upgraded or completed the 1190: 974: 911: 889: 614: 574: 304: 300: 199: 105: 85: 4877: 4871: 3118:

class, with a displacement of 9,485 tons and equipped with the Aegis system (derived from the

1288: 766:

Some light cruisers were built specifically to act as the leaders of flotillas of destroyers.

8930: 8879: 8775: 8679: 8674: 8394: 7101: 6869: 5487: 5318: 4296: 4184: 4135: 4121: 4023: 3836: 2797: 2732: 2535:-class guided-missile cruisers to emphasize the additional capability provided by the ships' 2478:

to intercept enemy aircraft. By 1995 the former guided-missile frigates were replaced by the

2205: 2055: 2035: 1870: 1778: 1562: 1479:

and weapons. Also, until 1943–44 the light anti-aircraft armament of most cruisers was weak.

1164: 865: 402: 91: 8472: 2334: 2165: 918: 907: 550: 9156: 8760: 8709: 8452: 8334: 8179: 7768: 7276: 7252: 7226: 4232: 4139: 4100: 3953: 3244: 2963:

send them for extended overhauls. The most recent Soviet/Russian rocket cruisers, the four

2721: 2525: 2422: 2361: 2298: 2140: 1885: 1681: 1495: 1406: 1272: 1197: 1086: 1029: 893: 795:. She displaced 110 tons, measured 60 meters in length and was armed with four light guns. 464: 408: 249: 3480: 1568:, accompanied by four cruisers and nine destroyers. One of the cruisers was the preserved 1119:

A precursor to the anti-aircraft cruiser was the Romanian British-built protected cruiser

8: 9225: 9192: 9010: 8699: 8562: 8404: 8050: 7488: 6948: 4807: 4619: 4574: 4200: 3978: 3843: 3842:. At 19,000 tons of displacement they will more than double the displacement of existing 3574: 3440: 3409: 3385: 3356: 2981: 2909: 2881: 2826:

were redesignated CG/CGN (Guided-Missile Cruiser/Nuclear-powered Guided-Missile Cruiser).

2536: 2433: 2314: 2146: 2133: 2031: 2027: 2023: 1961: 1960:

spent much of the action dealing with major electrical failures that affected her radar,

1853: 1662:

ships performed shore bombardment in Malaya, Singapore, and Guadalcanal and escorted the

1542: 1522: 1370:. By broadcasting messages indicating capital ships were in the area, the British caused 1328: 922: 880: 733: 618: 386: 230: 110: 7465: 7405:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2020). "Symbol siły US Navy. Krążowniki typu Ticonderoga. Część 1".

6622: 6357:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2016). "Niszczyciele typu Zumwalt. Okręty ery kosmicznej. Część 1".

5239: 4685: 3514:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3255:, which was converted to carry a large floatplane group in 1942. Another variant is the 3122:-class destroyers), are sometimes referred to as cruisers. Their improved versions, the 2313:

depended on anti-ship cruise missiles; in the 1950s these were primarily delivered from

1703:

fighting; they were usually opposed by strong Japanese cruiser-led forces equipped with

1128:

The development of the anti-aircraft cruiser began in 1935 when the Royal Navy re-armed

539:, they were unable to face ironclads in combat. This was evidenced by the clash between 9126: 8990: 8945: 8838: 8740: 8704: 8684: 8583: 8409: 8304: 7658: 6779: 4640: 4016: 3860: 3757: 3721: 3681: 3597: 3136: 3035:. However, their air defense capabilities are still powerful, as shown by the array of 2951: 2897: 2790: 2548: 2253: 2194: 1892: 1618: 1535:) and two destroyers were in the area. Two heavy cruisers (one the "pocket battleship" 1280: 1157: 1129: 536: 515: 375: 338: 287:. The U.S. Navy built guided-missile cruisers upon destroyer-style hulls (some called " 138: 80: 2938:, shelling and blockading the coast, but was subsequently sunk by anti-ship missiles. 349:. These cruisers are primarily armed with guided missiles, with the exceptions of the 9220: 9161: 9111: 9053: 9043: 8810: 8664: 8542: 8482: 8329: 8015: 7899: 7834: 7728: 7391: 7372: 7355: 7321: 7302: 7284: 7262: 7238: 7212: 7186: 7176: 7161: 7139: 7120: 7060: 7050: 7031: 7012: 6993: 6974: 6952: 6926: 6904: 6873: 6676: 6413: 6134: 5257: 5173: 5135: 5108: 4881: 4644: 4483: 4292: 4011: 3991: 2635: 1906: 1884:) was sunk by aircraft (or possibly scuttled), one destroyer was sunk by the damaged 1818: 1777:

On the night of 8–9 August 1942 the Japanese counterattacked near Guadalcanal in the

1663: 1450: 1145:

A tactical shortcoming was recognised after completing six additional conversions of

961: 810: 804: 718: 564: 547: 471: 292: 284: 276: 268: 259: 184: 6659: 3082:

The United States Navy has centered on the aircraft carrier since World War II. The

2946: 1389:, classed as battleships but with large cruiser armament, sank the aircraft carrier 9146: 9080: 9033: 9015: 8965: 8795: 8659: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8500: 8356: 8314: 8309: 8040: 7929: 7914: 7824: 7738: 7633: 7623: 6681: 6679:[The new head of Ukroboronprom is thinking to sell the cruiser "Ukraina"]. 6334:"Congress aims to strip funding for the US Navy's next-gen large surface combatant" 5127: 4832: 4400: 3298: 3272: 3238: 3227: 2999: 2995: 2908:

to get within range of the United States in the event of nuclear war. By this time

2639: 2098: 1841: 1667: 1529: 1150: 1136: 593: 434: 350: 288: 237:

having 6.1 inches to 8 inch guns, while those with guns of 6.1 inches or less were

180: 179:

came to be a classification of the ships intended for cruising distant waters, for

130: 7336: 7313: 2780:

Frigates under this scheme were almost as large as the cruisers and optimized for

1402:

conducted a successful commerce-raiding voyage in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

9070: 9000: 8925: 8823: 8557: 8537: 8505: 8462: 8429: 8374: 8319: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8070: 7954: 7420:

Sowietskij WMF 1945-1995. Kriejsiera, bolszyje protiwołodocznyje korabli, esmincy

7256: 7153: 7084:(1). Toledo, OH: International Naval Research Organization: 47–62. Archived from 6966: 6940: 6918: 6901:

The Japanese Navy in World War II: In the Words of Former Japanese Naval Officers

6747: 5659: 4734: 4598: 4581: 4525: 4417: 4258: 4204: 3973: 3048: 2931: 2885: 2686: 2569: 2466: 2342: 2302: 2072: 1981: 1783: 1717: 1713: 1466: 1300: 1244: 1230: 1146: 1032:. All three ships were launched between 1931 and 1934, and served with Germany's 986: 981: 814: 761: 666: 654: 648: 540: 192: 188: 7455: 6896: 6249:

Lipiecki, Sławomir (2019). "Japońska tarcza. Niszczyciele rakietowe typu Maya".

4719:, which was decommissioned in 1950 and stricken from the Naval Register in 1954. 371:

was the last gun cruiser in service, serving with the Peruvian Navy until 2017.

8940: 8935: 8920: 8790: 8552: 8389: 8214: 8030: 7980: 7839: 7708: 7698: 7663: 5026: 5000: 4173: 4089: 3924: 3656:

announced that the ship will be sold. Her current status is unknown due to the

3627: 3032: 2874: 2689: 2346: 2129: 2121: 2081: 1897:) torpedoed by a Japanese submarine, and the other sank on the way to repairs. 1877: 1237: 873: 255:, which was a scaled-up heavy cruiser design designated as a "cruiser-killer". 2432:

DLGs were selected as the design basis for further production, although their

1024:("armored ships"), a form of heavily armed cruiser, designed and built by the 973:

victories in most of the numerous cruiser actions of 1942. Beginning with the

787: 9214: 9176: 9171: 9136: 9121: 9075: 8985: 8970: 8828: 8770: 8765: 8669: 8547: 8532: 8520: 8510: 8399: 8379: 8159: 8055: 7944: 7879: 7874: 7844: 7608: 7598: 7578: 7359: 6861: 6417: 6138: 4929:"All You Need To Know About Italy's F-35 Carrier That Just Arrived In The US" 4623: 4542: 4521: 4353: 4107: 3928: 3650: 3641: 3543: 3462: 3147:

are the only remaining navies which operate active duty cruisers. Italy used

3068: 3036: 2901: 2781: 2354: 2338: 2153: 1880:

found the damaged battleship and two destroyers in the area. The battleship (

1798: 1518: 1503: 1313: 1183: 1121: 937: 792: 743: 707: 691: 684: 532: 238: 234: 207: 7064: 4468:

surrendered all its remaining cruisers to the Allies following World War II.

3391: 3040: 2610:

anti-aircraft missiles. The others received American Terrier missiles, with

2309:

for conventionally attacking enemy warships. Lacking aircraft carriers, the

2276: 9131: 9116: 8955: 8950: 8889: 8833: 8800: 8633: 8628: 8434: 7970: 7939: 7919: 7894: 7748: 7480: 7318:

Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two

7182: 6762:"Sejong the Great Class Guided Missile Destroyer | Military-Today.com" 4754:

lost its entire fleet upon its reintegration into the Soviet Union in 1921.

4702: 4681: 4661: 4445: 4372: 4221: 4153: 4124:

lost its entire navy following the Empire's collapse following World War I.

3832: 3797: 3563: 3457: 3144: 3140: 3064: 3007: 2873:, but replaced these beginning in the early 1960s with large ships called " 2475: 2054:

was fought on the night of 1–2 November 1943, immediately after US Marines

1689: 1589: 1483: 1390: 1339:

s were refitted as heavy cruisers with ten 203 mm (8.0 in) guns.

1318: 1037: 1033: 1025: 695: 629:

and the wooden board deck had been removed, replaced with an armored deck.

597: 342: 215: 191:

that were nearly as big (although not as powerful or as well-armored) as a

165: 142: 6615:"ISTORIC Distrugătorul Mărăşeşti. Asul de treflă al Marinei Regale Române" 846: 206:, the armored cruiser evolved into a vessel of similar scale known as the 9166: 9005: 8904: 8780: 8735: 8457: 8199: 8149: 8119: 8065: 8025: 8020: 7990: 7985: 7934: 7909: 7904: 7793: 7753: 7718: 7703: 7683: 7668: 7533: 7528: 4867: 4570: 4392: 4333: 4313: 4068: 3966: 3892: 3774: 3484: 3223: 2615: 2368:(CAG), with conversions completed in 1955–56. Further conversions of six 2310: 2217:

The US built cruisers in quantity through the end of the war, notably 14

2173: 2169: 1721: 1569: 1541:), accompanied by six destroyers, attempted to intercept the convoy near 1521:

from the UK to the Murmansk area. Another British force of two cruisers (

1002: 861: 588: 528: 264: 211: 203: 153: 71: 8623: 3159:

as of 2023; France operated a single helicopter cruiser until May 2010,

2014:

on 31 December and the Japanese left the island in early February 1943.

9151: 8960: 8894: 8444: 8344: 8271: 8270: 8080: 8045: 8005: 7849: 7788: 7758: 7653: 7588: 7548: 4730: 4713: 3072: 2833: 2627: 2306: 1704: 1363: 998: 622: 446: 442: 195: 146: 7283:. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition. 2582:

Following the American example, three smaller light cruisers of other

9025: 8899: 8714: 8608: 8588: 8229: 8114: 8010: 7975: 7924: 7889: 7864: 7763: 7688: 7563: 7341:. Washington, DC: US Navy Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy. 7085: 6385:

Schiele, Marcin (2000). "Japońskie fregaty rakietowe typu Murasame".

6125:

Pacholski, Łukasz (2017). "Koniec epoki krążowników artyleryjskich".

4811: 4276: 4036: 3421: 3185: 1794: 1598: 626: 495: 222: 6838:"The U.S. Navy is Building Cruisers—It's Just Not Calling Them That" 3878:. Displacing 12,000 tons, much greater than their predecessors, the 2508:

The line between U.S. Navy cruisers and destroyers blurred with the

9141: 8874: 8745: 8384: 8339: 8154: 8000: 7854: 7773: 7733: 7678: 7638: 7593: 7538: 4060: 3645: 3028: 2959: 2200: 1514: 1499: 1429: 480: 272: 129:. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after 7458:"Historical Review of Cruiser Characteristics, Roles and Missions" 6899:(1986). "The Struggle for Guadalcanal". In Evans, David C. (ed.). 5081:

The alternative spelling could be found at least as late as 1900:

5032:

Russian Federation Navy: 2019 Recognition and Identification Guide

4817:

was captured by Germany during the Invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941.

3474:, with a displacement of 5,790 tons, was constructed and built in 3102:, but the program was canceled in 2010 due to budget constraints. 3067:

missiles for anti-ship warfare. For target acquisition beyond the

1604: 1418:

with torpedoes, probably causing the Germans to scuttle the ship.

9095: 8995: 8853: 8750: 8613: 8275: 8219: 8169: 8134: 8129: 8109: 8075: 8060: 7965: 7869: 7713: 7693: 7648: 7628: 7573: 7568: 7558: 7553: 6636:

Grotnik, Tomasz (2007). "Mărăşeşti. Stara fregata w nowej roli".

3907: 3475: 3420:

missile launchers with a range of 250 km and a twin launcher for

3056: 2607: 2039: 2006: 1367: 835: 569: 161: 126: 6811: 6780:"Zumwalt Class Guided Missile Cruiser | Military-Today.com" 3376: 3023:-class heavy missile cruisers are used for command purposes, as 997:

and some used for shore bombardment by the United States in the

9090: 8818: 8785: 8224: 8164: 8139: 8085: 7783: 7643: 7523: 6866:

6842: 5401:

Friedman, Norman "Anti-Aircraft Cruisers: The Life of a Class"

5370:

Friedman, Norman "Anti-Aircraft Cruisers: The Life of a Class"

4064: 3879: 3868: 3777:

announced that between 8 and 10 ships would be built under the

3276: 3212: 3052: 2663: 2603: 1309: 299:) primarily designed to provide air defense while often adding 101:

class was the last class of nuclear-powered cruisers in the US.

7440:

Rochowicz, Robert (2018). "Krążowniki atomowe projektu 1144".

7388:

Tirpitz: The Life and Death of Germany's Last Super Battleship

6722:"Ukraine Invested UAH 6 mln in Maintenance of Ukraina Cruiser" 6677:"Новий глава Укроборонпрому задумав продати крейсер "Україна"" 5132:

The Command of the Ocean, A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815

3483:

amid limited industrial capabilities. It carried eight Soviet

2970:

battlecruisers, were built in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the

1467:

Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean operations 1942–1944

1156:

The first purpose built anti-aircraft cruiser was the British

8578: 8174: 8124: 8104: 7995: 7803: 7798: 7778: 7743: 7673: 7618: 7613: 7583: 4367: 4040: 3911: 3867:-class destroyer undergoing sea trials and is developing its 3360: 3294: 3099: 3016:

of Project 1164 sank after being hit by a Ukrainian missile.

2994:

which is officially designated as a cruiser, specifically a "

2643: 2471: 2406: 2176:

torpedo bombers. The Japanese had four battleships including

2125: 1476: 1092:

represented the supersized cruiser design. Due to the German

583: 346: 7456:

Philip Sims; Michael Bosworth; Chris Cable; Howard Fireman.

7205:, vol. III: The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931 – April 1942 6903:(2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 2602:. Only the French ship, rebuilt last in 1972, also received 2357:

is credited with speeding the development of these systems.

527:

for work in distant colonies. The unarmored cruiser—often a

8209: 8144: 8096: 7808: 7723: 7603: 7543: 3465:", although this designation lacks official justification. 3263:. In the Soviet Union, a series of unusual hybrid ships of 2583: 2391:

as guided-missile "frigates" (DLG), and development of the

1593:

Barents Sea) ordered her disarmed and her armament used as

280: 3786:. The destroyers will displace from 10,000 to 13,000-tons. 2884:

entered service; these had launchers for eight long-range

2515:. While originally designed for anti-submarine warfare, a 1557:. The British force that sank her was led by Vice Admiral 445:

was noted for its cruisers in the 17th century, while the

137:, and can usually perform several operational roles from 7203:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

7047:

Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II

7025: 6704:"Абромавичус пропонує продати ракетний крейсер "Україна"" 3153:

until 2003 (decommissioned in 2006) and continues to use

1984:

to hopefully draw the Japanese away from Guadalcanal and

869: 6860: 6515:"Meet the Helicopter-Cruiser: The Half Aircraft Carrier" 1186:), and did not receive the CLAA designation until 1949. 7385: 7006: 6404:

Wieliczko, Leszek (2017). "Flota Wschodzącego Słońca".

2524:

hull design was used as the basis for two classes; the

1980:, finally spotted by the Japanese, then headed for the 1553:

was sunk while attempting to intercept a convoy in the

1028:

in nominal accordance with restrictions imposed by the

6973:(Revised ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4162:

to France following the abolition of its navy in 1920.

2974:

class is in refit, and 2 are being scrapped, with the

2606:

anti-ship missile launchers and domestically produced

1725:(152 mm) cruisers were deployed in the Atlantic. 7074:"The Loss of HMS Glorious: An Analysis of the Action" 4994: 4531:

between 1982 and 1985. The ship was scrapped in 1985.

3293:

was converted to a pure aircraft carrier and sold to

1716:

and other problems with the more famously unreliable

1347:

In December 1939, three British cruisers engaged the

7334: 6987: 6812:"Russian Future Destroyer "Grown Up" to 19,000 Tons" 5020: 3988:; the last surviving ship from the Battle of Jutland 2806:

DLG/DLGN (Frigates/Nuclear-powered Frigates) of the

2405:, with two Terrier and one Talos launchers, plus an 1692:, far from any risk of attacking or being attacked. 1597:

weapons. One 28 cm triple turret survives near

653:

The torpedo cruiser (known in the Royal Navy as the

600:

would be able to destroy an enemy battleship fleet.

7119:. Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada: Thunder Bay Press. 2444:s required a crew of only 377 versus 1,200 for the 1972:was illuminated by Japanese fire, then rapidly set 1932:On the night of 14–15 November a Japanese force of 660: 6744:"China launches Asia's biggest post-WWII warship." 3943:; still active as the flagship of the Russian Navy 3607:guided-missile cruisers in service. 5 more in the 2697:—were converted from World War II cruisers of the 2669: 7028:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 7009:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 6990:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 6889:The Second World War, vol. I: The Gathering Storm 6671: 6669: 6308:"What is the significance of the Moskva sinking?" 4381:sank due to the inexperience of her crew in 1910. 4001:; the world's oldest steel-hulled warship afloat. 1588:, damaged by a mine and a submerged wreck in the 1354:(which was on a commerce raiding mission) in the 607:The first protected cruiser was the Chilean ship 514:, completed in 1874, and followed by the British 9212: 7386:Zetterling, Niklas; Tamelander, Michael (2009). 6742:Lin, Jeffrey, and P. W. Singer (28 June 2017). 6026:"A fully illustrated guide to Modern Cruisers". 2421:cruisers were more extensively converted as the 1486:with surface ships, including the heavy cruiser 504:, the Royal Italian Navy's first armored cruiser 6176:"Historic nuclear cruiser headed to scrap heap" 5958: 5956: 5898: 5896: 5028:United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence 5002:United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence 4955:"Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1st Italian STOVL carrier" 3075:can be used. Besides a vast array of armament, 2923:After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the 1636:in November 1942, and not thereafter until the 1605:Pearl Harbor through Dutch East Indies campaign 1254:equivalent of the anti-aircraft cruiser is the 508:The first true armored cruiser was the Russian 7049:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 6666: 6167: 5946: 5944: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 4926: 4828:List of battlecruisers of the Second World War 3416:) entered service. They were armed with eight 2264:classes), and sixteen anti-aircraft cruisers ( 1976:ablaze with a jammed rudder and other damage. 1412:attempted to finish off the German battleship 1178:cruisers initially carried torpedo tubes; the 613:, launched in 1883. Produced by a shipyard at 8256: 7496: 7160:. London: William Collins Sons & Co Ltd. 7045:Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). 6923:US Battleships: An Illustrated Design History 6895: 5061:International Institute for Strategic Studies 4356:decommissioned its last active duty cruiser, 2864: 2676:United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification 2212: 1728: 546:, a modern British cruiser, and the Peruvian 392:International Institute for Strategic Studies 7510: 7106:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7026:Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen (1995). 6971:US Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History 6945:U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History 5953: 5893: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5595: 5593: 5591: 4952: 4904:(in Italian). 11 August 2016. Archived from 3314:battery. The Royal Navy's aircraft-carrying 2980:in active service. Russia also operates two 2654:of Project 68U). The Peruvian light cruiser 1549:On 26 December 1943 the German capital ship 1463:in the Indian Ocean near Western Australia. 1008: 830:Cruisers were one of the workhorse types of 7422:. Morskaja Kollekcyja (in Russian). 1/1995. 7044: 5941: 5875: 5841: 5839: 5739: 4978: 2930:of Project 1164 became the flagship of the 2749:classes) or uprated destroyers (the DDG/CG 1699:, the Guadalcanal Campaign, and subsequent 1307:was further converted to carry up to eight 919:8-inch (203 mm)/55 caliber gun Mark 12 908:6-inch (152 mm)/47 caliber gun Mark 16 582:In the 1880s, naval engineers began to use 23: 8263: 8249: 7503: 7489: 7417: 7338:US Navy Bureau of Ordnance in World War II 7178:Left to Die: The Tragedy of the USS Juneau 7007:Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980). 5811: 5809: 5611: 2448:-class conversions. Through 1980, the ten 2139:, was transferred to Argentina in 1951 as 698:were the primary developers of this type. 24: 7439: 7301:(2nd Edition). Leo Cooper, London, 1990. 7072:Howland, Vernon W., Captain, RCN (1994). 6891:(1st ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 6886: 6512: 6403: 6124: 5698: 5688:"HyperWar: Disaster at Savo Island, 1942" 5643: 5629: 5602: 5588: 5403:United States Naval Institute Proceedings 5372:United States Naval Institute Proceedings 5300: 5298: 3321:and the Italian Navy's aircraft-carrying 2850:Also, a series of Patrol Frigates of the 2803:never embarked anti-submarine squadrons). 2324: 2145:, becoming most famous for being sunk by 1114: 7404: 6965: 6939: 6917: 6356: 6248: 6073:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 109, 199, 272 5836: 4843:List of cruisers of the Second World War 4712:in 1948; they retained a battlecruiser, 4273:Navy of the Independent State of Croatia 3390: 3375: 3211: 3167: 3047:missiles. For longer range targets, the 2945: 2568: 2275: 2228:-class light cruisers, along with eight 941: 845: 773: 728: 568: 494: 104: 79: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 7345: 7335:Rowland, Buford; Boyd, William (1954). 7320:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. 7275: 7251: 7225: 7199: 7174: 7152: 7114: 7071: 6988:Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal (1985). 6635: 6588: 6586: 6567: 6565: 6537: 6535: 6476:"Portaeromobili (LHA) Classe Garibaldi" 6461: 6459: 6457: 6384: 6302: 6300: 6294:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 345, 381–382 6244: 6242: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6213:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 551–555, 580 5806: 4752:Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic 3882:ships will be cruisers in all but name. 3010:supersonic AShMs. In 2022, the cruiser 2166:5 in (127 mm)/38 caliber guns 1756: 1342: 1250:, all completed between 1959 and 1961. 303:, being larger and having longer-range 233:created a divide of two cruiser types, 210:. The very large battlecruisers of the 14: 9213: 7426: 6751:(PopSci.com). Retrieved 17 July 2019. 6600: 6598: 6331: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6174:Censer, Marjorie (18 September 2012). 6173: 6102: 6100: 6090: 6088: 6069: 6067: 5620: 5522: 5513:Zetterling and Tamelander, pp. 150–152 5333: 5295: 4866: 3927:; still active as the flagship of the 3428:The next built type was four ships of 3178:cruiser's design was based on that of 2360:Terrier was initially deployed on two 2084:prior to commencing these operations. 1163:, completed in 1940–42. The US Navy's 769: 479:The 1860s saw the introduction of the 8244: 7484: 7366: 6261: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6034:(30). London: Orbis Publishing. 1984. 5523:Kappes, Irwin J. (23 February 2010). 5240:"USA 8"/55 (20.3 cm) Marks 12 and 15" 5098: 4848:List of ships of the Second World War 4420:decommissioned its only cruiser, the 4071:until she was sold for scrap in 2014. 3739: 3580:guided-missile cruisers, the cruiser 1761:After the key carrier battles of the 1498:, a solo raid into northern Russia's 1482:In July 1942 an attempt to intercept 798: 678: 275:the Soviet Navy's cruisers had heavy 7371:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 7158:Pursuit: The Sinking of the Bismarck 7133: 6925:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 6583: 6571:Gardiner & Chumbley, pp. 380–382 6562: 6532: 6454: 6297: 6239: 6216: 5359:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I 5191:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I 5107:. Taylor & Francis. p. 80. 3494: 3403:– visible vertical missile launchers 3347:, must be designated as destroyers. 3207: 2335:3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun mounts 2271: 1428:) previously sank the battlecruiser 1073:-class ships continued to be called 6595: 6202: 6193: 6097: 6085: 6064: 6007:Friedman cruisers, pp. 398–400, 412 4927:Thomas Newdick (15 February 2021). 4281:was handed over to Germany in 1943. 4075: 3461:they are sometimes referred to as " 3051:is used. For closer range targets, 2941: 2232:-class anti-aircraft cruisers. The 2017: 1471:Twenty-three British cruisers were 841: 755: 642: 175:In the middle of the 19th century, 56: 7312: 6441:"2017 China Military Power Report" 6199:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 380–382 6061:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 581–585 6050: 6038: 6016:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 580–585 5881:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 350–354 4138:decommissioned both its surviving 3371: 2319:submarine-launched cruise missiles 2280:Russian Navy battlecruiser of the 2124:and attack the invasion fleet off 2101:and the Battle of Surigao Strait. 1993:beached, and they were destroyed. 1626:sunk by land-based torpedo bombers 1506:but otherwise had little success. 1458:engagement with the German raider 1422:(accompanied by the heavy cruiser 701: 57: 9237: 7449: 7369:Japanese Warships of World War II 7030:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 7011:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 6992:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 5599:Friedman battleships, pp. 345–347 5202:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 2, 167 4789:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4768:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4705:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4684:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4664:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4622:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4601:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4524:decommissioned its only cruiser, 4503:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4482:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4448:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4336:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4316:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4295:decommissioned its last cruiser, 4046: 4026:; the world's last heavy cruiser. 3835:is to build an unknown number of 3334:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force 3192:In the years since the launch of 3059:CIWSs are used. Aside from that, 2680:Prior to the introduction of the 2038:to oppose a recent US landing on 1210:cruisers, completed in 1947; two 931: 724: 558: 457: 6830: 6804: 6790: 6772: 6754: 6736: 6714: 6696: 6648: 6629: 6607: 6574: 6553: 6544: 6506: 6497: 6468: 6433: 6424: 6397: 6378: 6369: 6350: 6325: 6288: 6279: 6270: 6230: 6145: 6118: 5971:Friedman destroyers, pp. 300–304 5929:Friedman destroyers, pp. 297–298 5920:Friedman destroyers, pp. 293–294 5872:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 33–35 5649:Friedman destroyers, pp. 168–172 5531:from the original on 7 June 2011 5229:Gardiner and Chumbley, pp. 30–31 4800: 4779: 4758: 4744: 4733:decommissioned its last cruiser 4723: 4695: 4674: 4654: 4643:decommissioned its only cruiser 4633: 4612: 4591: 4587:, to the United Kingdom in 1946. 4563: 4535: 4514: 4493: 4472: 4458: 4438: 4410: 4385: 4366: 4346: 4326: 4306: 4285: 4265: 4241: 4214: 4193: 4166: 4146: 4128: 4114: 4082: 3853: 3825: 3804: 3790: 3767: 3746: 3714: 3693: 3687:United States Defense Department 3670: 3658:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3620: 3590: 3556: 3536: 3499: 2934:and in 2022 participated in the 2164:guns in the American force were 1833:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 1828:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 1513:was fought, a rare action for a 1360:German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee 1080: 661:Pre-dreadnought armored cruisers 427: 6109: 6076: 6019: 6010: 6001: 5992: 5983: 5980:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 154, 214 5974: 5965: 5932: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5884: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5827: 5818: 5797: 5788: 5779: 5770: 5761: 5730: 5721: 5712: 5680: 5671: 5652: 5579: 5570: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5480: 5471: 5462: 5453: 5444: 5435: 5426: 5417: 5408: 5395: 5386: 5377: 5364: 5351: 5342: 5315:"Torpedo History: Torpedo Mk15" 5307: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5250: 5232: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5183: 5162: 5153: 5144: 5121: 5092: 4838:List of cruisers of World War I 3886: 3763:to its fleet for a total of 16. 1261: 8370:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 8095:Unpowered vessels and smaller 7444:(in Polish). Warsaw: Magnum X. 7200:Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). 6864:; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). 6513:David Axe (23 February 2019). 5989:Friedman cruisers, p. 398, 422 5962:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 213–217 5950:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 153–155 5902:Friedman cruisers, pp. 378–382 5890:Friedman cruisers, pp. 361–362 5709:Friedman cruisers, pp. 316–321 5640:Friedman cruisers, pp. 312–315 5608:Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 54 5383:Friedman cruisers, pp. 224–229 5361:, Military Press, 1990, p. 294 5348:Friedman cruisers, pp. 286–305 5283:Bauer and Roberts, pp. 136–138 5274:Friedman cruisers, pp. 217–220 5193:, Military Press, 1990, p. 295 5170:War at Sea in the Ironclad Age 5075: 5046: 4972: 4953:Dreadnaughtz (17 March 2023). 4946: 4920: 4894: 4860: 4106:was sunk in action during the 3006:) due to her complement of 12 1790:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 1649:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 825: 573:The Russian protected cruiser 327:cruiser using the hull of the 13: 1: 8288:Naval ship classes in service 7462:SFAC Report Number 9030-04-C1 7418:Bierieżnoj, Siergiej (1995). 7117:The World's Great Battleships 6621:(in Romanian). Archived from 6503:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 204 6285:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 381 6276:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 380 6236:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 592 6115:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 504 6082:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 199 5998:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 552 5803:Evans and Tanaka, pp. 208–209 5677:Morison vol. III, pp. 292–293 5558:Garzke and Dulin, pp. 148–150 5549:Garzke and Dulin, pp. 167–175 5258:"USA 6"/47 (15.2 cm) Mark 16" 5220:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 190 5006:PLA Navy Identification Guide 4853: 3871:project to replace the aging 3754:People's Liberation Army Navy 3678:People's Liberation Army Navy 3277:vertical take-off and landing 3039:missiles they carry, from 44 2091: 2052:Battle of Empress Augusta Bay 2012:Imperial General Headquarters 1217:cruisers, completed in 1953; 892:began this new race with the 8756:Harbour defence motor launch 8036:Rigid-hulled inflatable boat 7959:Steamships and motor vessels 7209:University of Illinois Press 6482:(in Italian). Archived from 6332:Larter, David (2020-06-26). 6047:Gardiner and Chumbley (1995) 5824:Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 30 5758:Morrison vol. V, pp. 254–274 5576:Morison vol III, pp. 188–190 5134:. Allen Lane, London, 2004. 4876:. New York: Viking. p. 4787:Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela 4573:returned its lone surviving 3490: 2906:ballistic missile submarines 2685:several years including the 1444:Battle of the Denmark Strait 1362:then took refuge in neutral 1269:Battle of the Philippine Sea 1050:1937 Coronation Fleet Review 778:Romanian coastguard cruiser 7: 9039:Ballistic missile submarine 8885:Mine countermeasures vessel 7885:Mine countermeasures vessel 7390:. Havertown, PA: Casemate. 6887:Churchill, Winston (1948). 6724:. rusnavy.com. 9 April 2012 6393:(20). Warsaw: Magnum X: 12. 6155:. PR Newswire. 12 June 2012 5911:Friedman destroyers, p. 301 5794:Morison vol. V, pp. 318–321 5785:Morison vol. V, pp. 299–307 5718:Morison vol. V, pp. 156–160 5664:, which previously engaged 5626:Rowland and Boyd, pp. 93–94 5525:"Battle of the Barents Sea" 5441:Churchill 1948, pp. 525–526 5262:www.navweaps.com – NavWeaps 5244:www.navweaps.com – NavWeaps 5054:"The Military Balance 2022" 4821: 4156:returned its only cruiser, 3918:Greek armored cruiser 3249:. Another was the Japanese 3004:тяжелый авианесущий крейсер 1859:closed with the battleship 1848:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 1634:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 1435:and damaged the battleship 1349:German "pocket battleship" 1048:represented Germany in the 910:introduced with the 15-gun 673:pre-dreadnought battleships 301:anti-submarine capabilities 10: 9242: 9086:Submarine aircraft carrier 8468:Pre-dreadnought battleship 8278:in 19th and 20th centuries 7367:Watts, Anthony J. (1973). 6854: 6685:(in Ukrainian). 2019-09-19 3999:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 3899:A floating replica of the 3615:The following is laid up: 3312:surface-to-surface missile 3236: 2865:Soviet cruiser development 2763:1975 classification reform 2673: 2384:classes), redesign of the 2213:Wartime cruiser production 1729:Dutch East Indies campaign 1697:Dutch East Indies campaign 935: 885:Second London Naval Treaty 832:warship during World War I 802: 759: 741: 705: 682: 664: 646: 562: 279:armament designed to sink 168:, which functioned as the 61: 9185: 9104: 9024: 8981:General stores issue ship 8913: 8867: 8809: 8723: 8650:Amphibious transport dock 8642: 8571: 8491: 8443: 8425:Merchant aircraft carrier 8415:Interdiction Assault Ship 8355: 8283: 8094: 7953: 7817: 7516: 7235:Little, Brown and Company 6951:: Naval Institute Press. 5938:Bauer and Roberts, p. 211 5392:Bauer and Roberts, p. 150 5292:Friedman cruisers, p. 150 5211:Friedman cruisers, p. 164 5172:. Cassell, London, 2000. 4979:John Slater (June 2011). 3986:Belfast, Northern Ireland 3508:This article needs to be 3092:ballistic missile defense 3003: 2662:) was rearmed with eight 2351:Chief of Naval Operations 1844:, both in November 1943. 1511:Battle of the Barents Sea 1456:sank in a mutually fatal 1356:Battle of the River Plate 1229:, completed in 1959; and 1203:, completed in 1949; two 1009:German pocket battleships 314:guided-missile destroyers 198:. With the advent of the 9059:Deep-submergence vehicle 9049:Cruise missile submarine 8976:Fast combat support ship 8619:Guided-missile destroyer 8477:Standard-type battleship 7517:Sailing vessels and rigs 7511:Types of ships and boats 7413:(197). Warsaw: Magnum X. 7115:Jackson, Robert (2000). 5833:Morison, vol. VI, p. 322 5658:The British cruiser was 4766:National Navy of Uruguay 4545:decommissioned its last 4224:decommissioned its last 4176:decommissioned its last 2894:Kresta II-class cruisers 2757:-class destroyer hull). 2503:Tomahawk cruise missiles 2315:heavy land-based bombers 2105:Battle of Surigao Strait 1814:Battle of Cape Esperance 1809:Battle of Cape Esperance 1744:Australian, and American 1638:Battle of Surigao Strait 1555:Battle of the North Cape 1546:other side's torpedoes. 1509:On 31 December 1942 the 283:carrier task-forces via 135:amphibious assault ships 70:Not to be confused with 65:Cruiser (disambiguation) 39:latest accepted revision 8655:Amphibious warfare ship 8365:Amphibious assault ship 7830:Amphibious assault ship 7429:Tiechnika i Woorużenije 6656:"Naval Vessel Register" 5567:Morison vol III, p. 158 5105:The Language of Sailing 5099:Mayne, Richard (2000). 3345:Treaty of San Francisco 3261:light aircraft carriers 2890:Kresta I-class cruisers 2818:classes along with USS 2461:s were decommissioned. 2372:-class cruisers (CLG) ( 2268:class) during the war. 2242:light aircraft carriers 1824:scheduled on the 13th. 617:, in Britain, owned by 451:Cruiser and Convoy Acts 318:short-range air defense 305:surface-to-air missiles 227:Washington Naval Treaty 8731:Armed boarding steamer 8695:Landing Ship Logistics 8690:Landing ship, infantry 8516:Guided missile cruiser 8420:Light aircraft carrier 7442:Morze, Statki i Okręty 7407:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6784:www.military-today.com 6766:www.military-today.com 6638:Nowa Technika Wojskowa 6406:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6387:Morza, Statki i Okręty 6359:Morze, Statki i Okręty 6251:Morze, Statki i Okręty 5736:Morison vol. V, p. 171 5727:Morison vol. V, p. 169 5617:Jackson (2000), p. 128 5405:January 1965 pp. 96–97 4873:The Price of Admiralty 4501:Royal Netherlands Navy 4480:Royal New Zealand Navy 4466:Imperial Japanese Navy 4249:Republic of China Navy 3941:St. Petersburg, Russia 3812:Republic of Korea Navy 3701:Republic of Korea Navy 3404: 3395:Heavy nuclear cruiser 3388: 3234: 3189: 2996:heavy aviation cruiser 2955: 2880:In 1962–1965 the four 2579: 2325:US cruiser development 2293: 2224:heavy cruisers and 27 2044:Battle of Kolombangara 2002:Battle of Tassafaronga 1997:Battle of Tassafaronga 1838:carrier raid on Rabaul 1617:and the battlecruiser 1611:attack on Pearl Harbor 1256:guided-missile cruiser 1115:Anti-aircraft cruisers 1077:in the popular press. 1020:was a series of three 953: 890:Imperial Japanese Navy 857: 782: 739: 579: 505: 400:from South Korea, the 200:dreadnought battleship 118: 102: 59:Type of large warships 18:Guided missile cruiser 8931:Auxiliary repair dock 8880:Destroyer minesweeper 8776:Ocean boarding vessel 8680:Landing Craft Support 8675:Landing craft carrier 8395:Fighter catapult ship 7348:Warship International 7277:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7253:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7227:Morison, Samuel Eliot 7175:Kurzman, Dan (1994). 7078:Warship International 6870:Westport, Connecticut 6619:Forțele Navale Române 5492:www.naval-history.net 5087:Fisher of Kilverstone 4136:Royal Australian Navy 4122:Austro-Hungarian Navy 4024:Quincy, Massachusetts 3956:; the last surviving 3934:Russian cruiser 3901:Chinese cruiser 3394: 3379: 3363:ASW aircraft and 200 3304:. The Russian Navy's 3215: 3171: 2949: 2753:class was built on a 2670:US Navy "cruiser gap" 2572: 2279: 2206:San Bernardino Strait 1779:Battle of Savo Island 1774:Battle of Savo Island 1670:and the simultaneous 1223:, completed in 1955; 1196:, completed in 1948; 985:compared with the US 945: 866:standard displacement 849: 777: 732: 572: 498: 297:1975 reclassification 108: 83: 9157:Littoral combat ship 8710:Landing Ship Vehicle 8453:Coastal defence ship 7769:Thames sailing barge 6710:. 20 September 2019. 6604:Rochowicz, pp. 26–27 6580:Biereżnoj, pp. 13–14 5321:on 15 September 2014 5030:(19 February 2020). 5004:(19 February 2020). 4981:"Giuseppe Garibaldi" 4054:French cruiser 3954:Novorossiysk, Russia 3947:Soviet cruiser 3654:Aivaras Abromavičius 2882:Kynda-class cruisers 2773:, complementing the 2658:(formerly the Dutch 2618:, only one cruiser, 2555:ships with VLS, the 2537:Aegis combat systems 2345:(medium range), and 2056:invaded Bougainville 1840:and support for the 1757:Guadalcanal campaign 1682:Guadalcanal Campaign 1496:Operation Wunderland 1473:lost to enemy action 1449:On 19 November 1941 1442:with gunfire in the 1343:1939 to Pearl Harbor 1273:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1030:Treaty of Versailles 868:of more than 10,000 838:of 127–152 mm. 63:For other uses, see 9011:Replenishment oiler 8914:Command and support 8700:Landing Ship Medium 8563:Unprotected cruiser 8405:Flight deck cruiser 8051:Surface effect ship 7299:British Battleships 7134:Kemp, Paul (2006). 6949:Annapolis, Maryland 6872:: Greenwood Press. 6800:. 9 September 2021. 6465:Biereżnoj, pp. 8–10 6375:Lipiecki, pp. 38–39 6180:The Washington Post 5504:Rohwer, pp. 175–176 5357:John Evelyn Moore, 5189:John Evelyn Moore, 4808:Royal Yugoslav Navy 4620:Royal Romanian Navy 4548:De Zeven Provinciën 4507:De Zeven Provinciën 4395:decommissioned its 4201:Royal Canadian Navy 4186:Almirante Tamandaré 3432:(NATO designation: 3412:(NATO designation: 3359:, SQS-53 sonar, 12 2936:invasion of Ukraine 2910:Long Range Aviation 2898:Kara-class cruisers 2853:Oliver Hazard Perry 2588:De Zeven Provinciën 2032:Battle of Kula Gulf 2024:New Guinea campaign 1680:sat out the entire 1329:London Naval Treaty 1213:De Zeven Provinciën 1026:German Reichsmarine 881:London Naval Treaty 770:Coastguard cruisers 520:a few years later. 412:from Japan and the 378:from China and the 231:London Naval Treaty 111:Slava-class cruiser 29:Page version status 9127:Breastwork monitor 8991:Joint support ship 8946:Combat stores ship 8741:Coastal motor boat 8705:Landing Ship, Tank 8685:Landing Ship Heavy 8584:Convoy rescue ship 8410:Helicopter carrier 7659:Hermaphrodite brig 7624:Fore & Aft rig 6818:. 26 February 2019 6644:. Magnum-X: 77–82. 6592:Biereżnoj, pp. 7–8 6094:Biereżnoj, pp. 2–3 5863:Watts, pp. 109–113 5527:. German-Navy.De. 5374:January 1965 p. 86 5339:Watts, pp. 124–158 5063:. 28 February 2022 4959:Naval Encyclopedia 4641:South African Navy 4397:Crown Colony-class 4092:last cruiser, the 4059:was on display in 3861:United States Navy 3740:Future development 3722:United States Navy 3682:Type 055 destroyer 3598:United States Navy 3405: 3389: 3329:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3324:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3287:, whose last unit 3257:helicopter cruiser 3235: 3190: 3156:Giuseppe Garibaldi 3137:United States Navy 3112:destroyers of the 2956: 2952:Type 055 destroyer 2593:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2580: 2576:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2549:New Threat Upgrade 2294: 1842:invasion of Tarawa 1672:Aleutian diversion 1561:in the battleship 1299:were converted to 1258:(CAG/CLG/CG/CGN). 1094:pocket battleships 1075:pocket battleships 954: 858: 799:Auxiliary cruisers 783: 740: 679:Early 20th century 580: 506: 433:17th century, the 361:Giuseppe Garibaldi 307:(SAMs) than early 139:search-and-destroy 119: 103: 35: 9208: 9207: 9112:Armed merchantman 9054:Cruiser submarine 9044:Coastal submarine 8811:Fast attack craft 8665:Dock landing ship 8543:Protected cruiser 8526:Pocket battleship 8483:Treaty battleship 8473:Super-dreadnought 8357:Aircraft carriers 8305:Operational zones 8238: 8237: 7835:Armed merchantman 7729:Sailing hydrofoil 7468:on 5 January 2008 7397:978-1-935149-18-7 7327:978-1-59114-119-8 7056:978-0-87021-101-0 6932:978-0-87021-715-9 6550:Asanin, pp. 32–35 6541:Asanin, pp. 17–19 6519:National Interest 6267:Asanin, pp. 17–19 5459:Rohwer, pp. 48–65 5423:Watts, pp. 79–105 5414:Watts, pp. 99–105 5304:Watts, pp. 79–114 5114:978-1-57958-278-4 4293:Royal Danish Navy 4251:'s last cruiser, 4142:cruisers in 1949. 4012:Buffalo, New York 3906:is on display in 3840:-class destroyers 3819:-class destroyers 3529: 3528: 3481:Nicolae Ceaușescu 3307:Admiral Kuznetsov 3273:aircraft cruisers 3208:Aircraft cruisers 2990:Admiral Kuznetsov 2987:cruisers and one 2771:-class destroyers 2596:, and the French 2490:-class destroyers 2272:Late 20th century 1907:Sullivan brothers 1640:in October 1944. 1372:Admiral Graf Spee 1351:Admiral Graf Spee 1324:Washington Treaty 1151:dual-purpose guns 1046:Admiral Graf Spee 962:Naval War College 917:in 1936, and the 811:auxiliary cruiser 805:Auxiliary cruiser 719:Battle of Jutland 565:Protected cruiser 355:Admiral Kuznetsov 351:aircraft cruisers 289:destroyer leaders 285:saturation attack 277:anti-ship missile 269:shore bombardment 260:surface combatant 185:protected cruiser 170:cruising warships 131:aircraft carriers 47:17 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 9233: 9147:Floating battery 9081:Midget submarine 9034:Attack submarine 9016:Submarine tender 8966:Destroyer tender 8796:Submarine chaser 8660:Attack transport 8604:Escort destroyer 8599:Destroyer leader 8594:Destroyer escort 8501:Aircraft cruiser 8315:Green-water navy 8310:Brown-water navy 8265: 8258: 8251: 8242: 8241: 8041:Roll-on/Roll-off 7955:Merchant vessels 7930:Submarine tender 7915:Ship of the line 7825:Aircraft carrier 7818:Military vessels 7739:Ship of the line 7634:Full-rigged ship 7505: 7498: 7491: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7445: 7436: 7423: 7414: 7401: 7382: 7363: 7342: 7331: 7294: 7272: 7261:. Castle Books. 7248: 7222: 7196: 7171: 7154:Kennedy, Kennedy 7149: 7136:Submarine Action 7130: 7111: 7105: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7068: 7041: 7022: 7003: 6984: 6967:Friedman, Norman 6962: 6941:Friedman, Norman 6936: 6919:Friedman, Norman 6914: 6892: 6883: 6848: 6847: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6758: 6752: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6682:Ukrainska Pravda 6673: 6664: 6663: 6662:on June 5, 2011. 6658:. Archived from 6652: 6646: 6645: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6611: 6605: 6602: 6593: 6590: 6581: 6578: 6572: 6569: 6560: 6557: 6551: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6510: 6504: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6472: 6466: 6463: 6452: 6451: 6445: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6382: 6376: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6304: 6295: 6292: 6286: 6283: 6277: 6274: 6268: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6246: 6237: 6234: 6228: 6225: 6214: 6211: 6200: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6122: 6116: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6095: 6092: 6083: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6062: 6059: 6048: 6045: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5951: 5948: 5939: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5921: 5918: 5912: 5909: 5903: 5900: 5891: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5855: 5852: 5846: 5845:Morison vol. XII 5843: 5834: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5816: 5815:Morison, vol. VI 5813: 5804: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5774: 5768: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5737: 5734: 5728: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5696: 5695: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5669: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5627: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5600: 5597: 5586: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5433: 5432:Watts, pp. 70–73 5430: 5424: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5375: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5317:. Archived from 5311: 5305: 5302: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5194: 5187: 5181: 5166: 5160: 5157: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5128:Rodger, N. A. M. 5125: 5119: 5118: 5096: 5090: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5058: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4864: 4833:List of cruisers 4806: 4804: 4803: 4785: 4783: 4782: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4597: 4595: 4594: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4520: 4518: 4517: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4371: 4370: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4199: 4197: 4196: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4103:General Belgrano 4088: 4086: 4085: 4076:Former operators 3863:currently has 1 3859: 3857: 3856: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3817:Sejong the Great 3814:will add 3 more 3810: 3808: 3807: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3783:-class destroyer 3773: 3771: 3770: 3756:will add 8 more 3752: 3750: 3749: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3706:Sejong the Great 3699: 3697: 3696: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3524: 3521: 3515: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3290:Admiral Gorshkov 3239:Aircraft cruiser 3219:Admiral Gorshkov 3043:missiles to 196 3005: 2942:Current cruisers 2925:Russian cruiser 2652:Admiral Senyavin 2632:Admiral Nakhimov 2573:Italian cruiser 2498:Charles F. Adams 2394:Charles F. Adams 2252:light cruisers ( 2186: 2160:Battle off Samar 2142:General Belgrano 2099:Battle off Samar 2028:isolating Rabaul 2018:Post-Guadalcanal 1903: 1795:troop transports 1668:Battle of Midway 1583: 1502:. She bombarded 1405:On 27 May 1941, 1376: 1301:torpedo cruisers 1147:C-class cruisers 995:strategic attack 921:introduced with 850:Italian cruiser 842:Mid-20th century 756:Flotilla leaders 643:Torpedo cruisers 637: 594:commerce raiding 435:ship of the line 397:Sejong the Great 316:tasked with the 310:Charles F. Adams 189:armored cruisers 181:commerce raiding 75: 68: 21: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9230: 9211: 9210: 9209: 9204: 9198:Sailing vessels 9181: 9100: 9071:Fleet submarine 9020: 9001:Net laying ship 8926:Ammunition ship 8909: 8863: 8805: 8719: 8638: 8567: 8558:Torpedo cruiser 8538:Merchant raider 8506:Armored cruiser 8487: 8463:Fast battleship 8439: 8430:Seaplane tender 8375:Balloon carrier 8351: 8335:Central battery 8320:Blue-water navy 8279: 8269: 8239: 8234: 8190:Outrigger canoe 8090: 7958: 7949: 7813: 7512: 7509: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7398: 7379: 7328: 7291: 7269: 7245: 7219: 7193: 7168: 7146: 7127: 7099: 7098: 7091: 7089: 7057: 7038: 7019: 7000: 6981: 6959: 6933: 6911: 6880: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6821: 6819: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6748:Popular Science 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6688: 6686: 6675: 6674: 6667: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6634: 6630: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6563: 6559:Biereżnoj, p. 6 6558: 6554: 6549: 6545: 6540: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6511: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6489: 6487: 6480:Marina Militare 6474: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6455: 6448:dod.defense.gov 6443: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6430:Lipiecki, p. 34 6429: 6425: 6402: 6398: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6355: 6351: 6342: 6340: 6330: 6326: 6317: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6271: 6266: 6262: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6231: 6226: 6217: 6212: 6203: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6172: 6168: 6158: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6106:Asanin, pp. 6–7 6105: 6098: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6051: 6046: 6039: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5954: 5949: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5798: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5699: 5692:www.ibiblio.org 5686: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5672: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5598: 5589: 5585:Morison vol XII 5584: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5532: 5521: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468:Kennedy, p. 204 5467: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5369: 5365: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5324: 5322: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5188: 5184: 5168:Hill, Richard: 5167: 5163: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5097: 5093: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5025: 5021: 5011: 5009: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4888: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4824: 4801: 4799: 4780: 4778: 4759: 4757: 4745: 4743: 4724: 4722: 4696: 4694: 4675: 4673: 4655: 4653: 4634: 4632: 4613: 4611: 4599:Portuguese Navy 4592: 4590: 4564: 4562: 4536: 4534: 4515: 4513: 4494: 4492: 4473: 4471: 4459: 4457: 4451:Vittorio Veneto 4439: 4437: 4418:Indonesian Navy 4411: 4409: 4386: 4384: 4378:Consul Gostrück 4365: 4347: 4345: 4327: 4325: 4307: 4305: 4286: 4284: 4266: 4264: 4259:ROCS Chung King 4242: 4240: 4215: 4213: 4203:decommissioned 4194: 4192: 4167: 4165: 4159:D'Entrecasteaux 4147: 4145: 4129: 4127: 4115: 4113: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4049: 4029:Bow section of 3974:London, England 3949:Mikhail Kutuzov 3920:Georgios Averof 3889: 3876:-class cruisers 3854: 3852: 3847:-class cruisers 3826: 3824: 3805: 3803: 3791: 3789: 3768: 3766: 3761:-class cruisers 3747: 3745: 3742: 3715: 3713: 3694: 3692: 3671: 3669: 3621: 3619: 3591: 3589: 3557: 3555: 3549:Georgios Averof 3537: 3535: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3374: 3372:Strike cruisers 3241: 3210: 3150:Vittorio Veneto 3019:Currently, the 2958:The end of the 2950:China's latest 2944: 2932:Black Sea Fleet 2886:SS-N-3 Shaddock 2875:rocket cruisers 2867: 2678: 2672: 2483:-class cruisers 2476:guided fighters 2467:RIM-67 Standard 2366:-class cruisers 2327: 2303:Harpoon missile 2274: 2240:s completed as 2215: 2184: 2162: 2107: 2094: 2082:escort carriers 2073:Fifth Air Force 2020: 1999: 1982:Russell Islands 1901: 1850: 1830: 1811: 1803:Henderson Field 1792: 1784:Solomon Islands 1776: 1759: 1731: 1718:Mark 14 torpedo 1714:Mark 6 exploder 1701:Solomon Islands 1615:Prince of Wales 1607: 1581: 1469: 1439:Prince of Wales 1374: 1345: 1314:human torpedoes 1264: 1117: 1083: 1011: 987:Mark 15 torpedo 982:Type 93 torpedo 940: 934: 915:-class cruisers 874:treaty cruisers 844: 828: 807: 801: 772: 764: 762:Flotilla leader 758: 746: 727: 710: 704: 702:Battle cruisers 687: 681: 669: 667:Armored cruiser 663: 655:torpedo gunboat 651: 649:Torpedo cruiser 645: 635: 567: 561: 511:General-Admiral 460: 430: 225:. In 1922, the 193:pre-dreadnought 115:Marshal Ustinov 76: 69: 62: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9239: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9066: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8938: 8936:Auxiliary ship 8933: 8928: 8923: 8921:Amenities ship 8917: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8871: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8815: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8791:Steam gun boat 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8646: 8644: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8553:Strike cruiser 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8449: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8390:Escort carrier 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8361: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8326:Gun placement 8324: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8302: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8268: 8267: 8260: 8253: 8245: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8215:Reaction ferry 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8099: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8031:Paddle steamer 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7981:Container ship 7978: 7973: 7968: 7962: 7960: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7840:Auxiliary ship 7837: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7709:Pocket cruiser 7706: 7701: 7699:Norfolk wherry 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7664:Jackass-barque 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7507: 7500: 7493: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7451: 7450:External links 7448: 7447: 7446: 7437: 7431:(in Russian). 7424: 7415: 7402: 7396: 7383: 7377: 7364: 7354:(2): 144–156. 7343: 7332: 7326: 7314:Rohwer, Jürgen 7310: 7297:Parkes, Oscar 7295: 7289: 7273: 7267: 7249: 7243: 7223: 7217: 7197: 7191: 7172: 7166: 7150: 7144: 7131: 7125: 7112: 7088:on 22 May 2001 7069: 7055: 7042: 7036: 7023: 7017: 7004: 6998: 6985: 6979: 6963: 6957: 6937: 6931: 6915: 6909: 6893: 6884: 6878: 6862:Bauer, K. Jack 6856: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6829: 6803: 6789: 6771: 6753: 6735: 6713: 6695: 6665: 6647: 6628: 6625:on 2018-11-11. 6606: 6594: 6582: 6573: 6561: 6552: 6543: 6531: 6505: 6496: 6467: 6453: 6432: 6423: 6396: 6377: 6368: 6349: 6324: 6296: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6260: 6238: 6229: 6227:Lipiecki, p. 8 6215: 6201: 6192: 6166: 6144: 6117: 6108: 6096: 6084: 6075: 6063: 6049: 6037: 6018: 6009: 6000: 5991: 5982: 5973: 5964: 5952: 5940: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5892: 5883: 5874: 5865: 5856: 5847: 5835: 5826: 5817: 5805: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5769: 5760: 5738: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5697: 5679: 5670: 5651: 5642: 5628: 5619: 5610: 5601: 5587: 5578: 5569: 5560: 5551: 5542: 5515: 5506: 5497: 5479: 5477:Kennedy, p. 45 5470: 5461: 5452: 5450:Howland, p. 52 5443: 5434: 5425: 5416: 5407: 5394: 5385: 5376: 5363: 5350: 5341: 5332: 5306: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5249: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5182: 5161: 5152: 5143: 5120: 5113: 5091: 5074: 5045: 5019: 4993: 4971: 4945: 4919: 4893: 4886: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4797: 4793:Mariscal Sucre 4776: 4755: 4741: 4720: 4692: 4671: 4651: 4630: 4609: 4588: 4560: 4556:Almirante Grau 4532: 4511: 4490: 4469: 4455: 4435: 4407: 4382: 4375:only cruiser, 4363: 4343: 4323: 4303: 4282: 4275:only cruiser, 4262: 4238: 4211: 4190: 4174:Brazilian Navy 4163: 4143: 4125: 4111: 4090:Argentine Navy 4077: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4048: 4047:Former museums 4045: 4044: 4043: 4027: 4014: 4002: 3989: 3976: 3964: 3944: 3931: 3925:Athens, Greece 3915: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3850: 3822: 3801: 3787: 3764: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3711: 3690: 3662: 3661: 3630:: The cruiser 3628:Ukrainian Navy 3613: 3612: 3587: 3553: 3546:: The cruiser 3527: 3526: 3507: 3505: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3463:battlecruisers 3373: 3370: 3237:Main article: 3216:Soviet Navy's 3209: 3206: 3094:capabilities ( 3033:Northern Fleet 2992:-class carrier 2943: 2940: 2871:light cruisers 2866: 2863: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2827: 2804: 2674:Main article: 2671: 2668: 2656:Almirante Grau 2590:, the Italian 2341:(long range), 2326: 2323: 2299:carrier groups 2273: 2270: 2214: 2211: 2130:crossing the T 2122:Surigao Strait 2093: 2090: 2019: 2016: 1878:Espiritu Santo 1758: 1755: 1730: 1727: 1664:raid on Ceylon 1644:North Carolina 1606: 1603: 1492:Admiral Scheer 1488:Admiral Scheer 1468: 1465: 1399:Admiral Scheer 1344: 1341: 1263: 1260: 1116: 1113: 1082: 1079: 1010: 1007: 949:Salt Lake City 933: 932:Heavy cruisers 930: 843: 840: 827: 824: 803:Main article: 800: 797: 771: 768: 760:Main article: 757: 754: 742:Main article: 737:-class cruiser 726: 725:Light cruisers 723: 706:Main article: 703: 700: 680: 677: 665:Main article: 662: 659: 647:Main article: 644: 641: 563:Main article: 560: 559:Steel cruisers 557: 459: 458:Steam cruisers 456: 429: 426: 368:Almirante Grau 239:light cruisers 235:heavy cruisers 89:-class cruiser 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9238: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9199: 9196: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9177:Training ship 9175: 9173: 9172:River monitor 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9137:Drone carrier 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9122:Barracks ship 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105:Miscellaneous 9103: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9076:Human torpedo 9074: 9072: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8996:Naval tugboat 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8986:Hospital ship 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8971:Dispatch boat 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8771:Naval trawler 8769: 8767: 8766:Naval drifter 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8670:Landing craft 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8548:Scout cruiser 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8533:Light cruiser 8531: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8521:Heavy cruiser 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511:Battlecruiser 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8481: 8478: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8400:Fleet carrier 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8380:Battlecarrier 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8303: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8277: 8273: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8254: 8252: 8247: 8246: 8243: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8093: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7956: 7952: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7880:Landing craft 7878: 7876: 7875:Hospital ship 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7845:Battlecruiser 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7609:East Indiaman 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7579:Dutch clipper 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7494: 7492: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7453: 7443: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7425: 7421: 7416: 7412: 7409:(in Polish). 7408: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7384: 7380: 7378:0-385-09189-3 7374: 7370: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7307:0-85052-604-3 7304: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7290:0-252-07063-1 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7268:0-7858-1307-1 7264: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7244:0-316-58305-7 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7218:0-252-06973-0 7214: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7198: 7194: 7192:0-671-74874-2 7188: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7173: 7169: 7167:0-00-211739-8 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7145:0-7509-1711-3 7141: 7137: 7132: 7128: 7126:1-89788-460-5 7122: 7118: 7113: 7109: 7103: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7039: 7037:1-55750-132-7 7033: 7029: 7024: 7020: 7018:0-8317-0303-2 7014: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6999:0-85177-245-5 6995: 6991: 6986: 6982: 6980:1-55750-442-3 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6958:0-87021-718-6 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6910:0-87021-316-4 6906: 6902: 6898: 6897:Tanaka, Raizo 6894: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6879:0-313-26202-0 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6858: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6833: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6799: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6757: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6723: 6717: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6672: 6670: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6643: 6640:(in Polish). 6639: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6601: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6577: 6568: 6566: 6556: 6547: 6538: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6500: 6486:on 2020-11-12 6485: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6449: 6442: 6436: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6408:(in Polish). 6407: 6400: 6392: 6389:(in Polish). 6388: 6381: 6372: 6365:(176): 18–19. 6364: 6361:(in Polish). 6360: 6353: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6313: 6312:aljazeera.com 6309: 6303: 6301: 6291: 6282: 6273: 6264: 6256: 6253:(in Polish). 6252: 6245: 6243: 6233: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6196: 6181: 6177: 6170: 6154: 6148: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6129:(in Polish). 6128: 6121: 6112: 6103: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6079: 6070: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5959: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5935: 5926: 5917: 5908: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5840: 5830: 5821: 5812: 5810: 5800: 5791: 5782: 5773: 5764: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5733: 5724: 5715: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5674: 5667: 5663: 5662: 5655: 5646: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5623: 5614: 5605: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5582: 5573: 5564: 5555: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5510: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5474: 5465: 5456: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5420: 5411: 5404: 5398: 5389: 5380: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5345: 5336: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5301: 5299: 5289: 5280: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5192: 5186: 5179: 5178:0-304-35273-X 5175: 5171: 5165: 5156: 5147: 5141: 5140:0-7139-9411-8 5137: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5116: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5084: 5083:Jackie Fisher 5078: 5062: 5055: 5049: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4982: 4975: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4908:on 2016-08-11 4907: 4903: 4897: 4889: 4887:0-670-81416-4 4883: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4810:only cruiser 4809: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4788: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4767: 4756: 4753: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4732: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4704: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4683: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4647:General Botha 4642: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4621: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4605:Vasco da Gama 4600: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4577: 4572: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4543:Peruvian Navy 4533: 4530: 4529: 4523: 4522:Pakistan Navy 4512: 4509: 4508: 4502: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4481: 4470: 4467: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4426: 4424: 4419: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4398: 4394: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4354:Hellenic Navy 4344: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4294: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4212: 4209: 4208: 4202: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4126: 4123: 4112: 4109: 4108:Falklands War 4105: 4104: 4098: 4096: 4091: 4080: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3929:Hellenic Navy 3926: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3881: 3877: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3839: 3834: 3823: 3821:to its fleet. 3820: 3818: 3813: 3802: 3799: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3755: 3744: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3728: 3723: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3651:Ukroboronprom 3647: 3643: 3642:Ukroboronprom 3639: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3610: 3609:Reserve Fleet 3606: 3604: 3599: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3565: 3554: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3544:Hellenic Navy 3534: 3533: 3532: 3523: 3511: 3506: 3497: 3496: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3466: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3401:Project 11442 3398: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3232: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3214: 3205: 3202: 3197: 3196: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3120:Arleigh Burke 3117: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3069:radar horizon 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037:point defense 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025:Pyotr Velikiy 3022: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2977:Pyotr Velikiy 2973: 2969: 2967: 2961: 2953: 2948: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:SS-N-14 Silex 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2782:anti-aircraft 2778: 2776: 2772: 2770: 2769:Arleigh Burke 2764: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624:Project 68bis 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2558: 2557:Arleigh Burke 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2488:Arleigh Burke 2484: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2388: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2365: 2358: 2356: 2355:Arleigh Burke 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2278: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2256: 2250: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2221: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2172:fighters and 2171: 2167: 2161: 2157: 2155: 2154:Falklands War 2151: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2015: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1889: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1799:Tokyo Express 1796: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1741: 1738:and one each 1737: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1595:coast defence 1591: 1587: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1520: 1519:Convoy JW 51B 1516: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1504:Dikson Island 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1259: 1257: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1185: 1184:light cruiser 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085:The American 1081:Large cruiser 1078: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1042:Panzerschiffe 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1022:Panzerschiffe 1019: 1017: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 988: 983: 979: 977: 971: 970: 963: 958: 952: 950: 944: 939: 938:Heavy cruiser 929: 927: 926: 920: 916: 914: 909: 905: 903: 898: 896: 891: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 855: 854: 848: 839: 837: 833: 823: 819: 816: 815:merchant ship 812: 806: 796: 794: 793:Romanian Navy 790: 789: 781: 776: 767: 763: 753: 751: 745: 744:Light cruiser 738: 736: 731: 722: 720: 716: 715:battlecruiser 709: 708:Battlecruiser 699: 697: 693: 692:scout cruiser 686: 685:Scout cruiser 676: 674: 668: 658: 656: 650: 640: 634: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 611: 605: 601: 599: 595: 591: 590: 585: 578: 577: 571: 566: 556: 554: 553: 549: 545: 544: 538: 534: 533:screw frigate 530: 524: 521: 519: 518: 513: 512: 503: 502: 497: 493: 491: 490: 484: 482: 477: 475: 474: 469: 468: 455: 452: 448: 444: 439: 436: 428:Early history 425: 424:from the US. 423: 422: 417: 416: 411: 410: 405: 404: 399: 398: 393: 390:from Russia. 389: 388: 383: 382: 377: 372: 370: 369: 363: 362: 357: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 339:United States 335: 333: 331: 326: 324: 319: 315: 312: 311: 306: 302: 298: 295:prior to the 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 271:. During the 270: 266: 261: 256: 254: 252: 247: 245: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 216:capital ships 213: 209: 208:battlecruiser 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 166:sloops-of-war 163: 159: 155: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125:is a type of 124: 117: 116: 112: 107: 100: 96: 95: 90: 88: 82: 78: 73: 66: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 9132:Capital ship 9117:Arsenal ship 8956:Crane vessel 8951:Command ship 8890:Mine planter 8868:Mine warfare 8834:Missile boat 8801:Torpedo boat 8761:Motor launch 8724:Patrol craft 8629:Radar picket 8492: 8435:Supercarrier 8205:Racing boats 7971:Bulk carrier 7940:Torpedo boat 7920:Sloop-of-war 7895:Missile boat 7859: 7470:. Retrieved 7466:the original 7461: 7441: 7432: 7428: 7419: 7410: 7406: 7387: 7368: 7351: 7347: 7337: 7317: 7298: 7280: 7257: 7230: 7201: 7183:Pocket Books 7181:. New York: 7177: 7157: 7135: 7116: 7102:cite journal 7090:. Retrieved 7086:the original 7081: 7077: 7046: 7027: 7008: 6989: 6970: 6944: 6922: 6900: 6888: 6865: 6841: 6832: 6820:. Retrieved 6815: 6806: 6792: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6756: 6746: 6738: 6726:. Retrieved 6716: 6707: 6698: 6687:. Retrieved 6680: 6660:the original 6650: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6623:the original 6618: 6609: 6576: 6555: 6546: 6522:. Retrieved 6518: 6508: 6499: 6488:. Retrieved 6484:the original 6479: 6470: 6447: 6435: 6426: 6409: 6405: 6399: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6371: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6341:. Retrieved 6338:Defense News 6337: 6327: 6316:. Retrieved 6314:. 2022-04-15 6311: 6290: 6281: 6272: 6263: 6254: 6250: 6232: 6195: 6185:18 September 6183:. Retrieved 6179: 6169: 6157:. Retrieved 6147: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6111: 6078: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5934: 5925: 5916: 5907: 5886: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5850: 5829: 5820: 5799: 5790: 5781: 5772: 5763: 5732: 5723: 5714: 5691: 5682: 5673: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5645: 5622: 5613: 5604: 5581: 5572: 5563: 5554: 5545: 5533:. Retrieved 5518: 5509: 5500: 5491: 5482: 5473: 5464: 5455: 5446: 5437: 5428: 5419: 5410: 5402: 5397: 5388: 5379: 5371: 5366: 5358: 5353: 5344: 5335: 5323:. Retrieved 5319:the original 5309: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5190: 5185: 5169: 5164: 5159:Parkes, p.17 5155: 5146: 5131: 5123: 5104: 5094: 5086: 5077: 5065:. Retrieved 5060: 5048: 5036:. Retrieved 5022: 5010:. Retrieved 4996: 4984:. Retrieved 4974: 4962:. Retrieved 4958: 4948: 4936:. Retrieved 4933:The War Zone 4932: 4922: 4910:. Retrieved 4906:the original 4896: 4872: 4868:Keegan, John 4862: 4813: 4792: 4771: 4736: 4715: 4708: 4703:Turkish Navy 4687: 4682:Swedish Navy 4666: 4662:Spanish Navy 4646: 4625: 4604: 4583: 4575: 4555: 4547: 4527: 4506: 4485: 4450: 4446:Italian Navy 4430: 4422: 4402: 4377: 4373:Haitian Navy 4358: 4338: 4319:Jeanne d'Arc 4318: 4298: 4277: 4253: 4233: 4226: 4222:Chilean Navy 4206: 4185: 4178: 4158: 4154:Belgian Navy 4140:County-class 4102: 4094: 4055: 4031: 4018: 4006: 3993: 3980: 3968: 3958: 3948: 3935: 3919: 3902: 3895:. They are: 3893:museum ships 3890: 3887:Museum ships 3873: 3864: 3844: 3837: 3833:Russian Navy 3816: 3798:Italian Navy 3780: 3778: 3758: 3732: 3726: 3705: 3680:: The first 3663: 3637: 3632: 3614: 3602: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3564:Russian Navy 3548: 3530: 3517: 3509: 3469: 3467: 3453: 3450:Project 1144 3444: 3441:Project 1164 3438: 3433: 3430:Project 1134 3427: 3413: 3406: 3396: 3381: 3352: 3349: 3338: 3328: 3323: 3316: 3306: 3301:Vikramaditya 3300: 3289: 3282: 3268: 3265:Project 1143 3256: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3230:Vikramaditya 3229: 3218: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3180: 3173: 3162:Jeanne d'Arc 3161: 3155: 3149: 3145:Italian Navy 3141:Russian Navy 3133: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3106: 3104: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3065:P-700 Granit 3060: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3011: 3008:P-700 Granit 2989: 2982: 2976: 2971: 2965: 2957: 2926: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2879: 2868: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2792: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2716: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2681: 2679: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2631: 2619: 2611: 2597: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2574: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2497: 2494: 2487: 2480: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2401: 2393: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2369: 2363: 2359: 2330: 2328: 2295: 2289: 2282: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2199: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2159: 2158: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2086: 2069: 2061: 2049: 2021: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1986:South Dakota 1985: 1977: 1973: 1970:South Dakota 1969: 1965: 1962:fire control 1958:South Dakota 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945:South Dakota 1944: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1898: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1872: 1866: 1861: 1855: 1847: 1846: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1808: 1807: 1789: 1788: 1773: 1772: 1760: 1749: 1732: 1710: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1631: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1590:Channel Dash 1585: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1565:Duke of York 1564: 1559:Bruce Fraser 1550: 1548: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1508: 1491: 1487: 1484:Convoy PQ 17 1481: 1470: 1459: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1431: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1385: 1379: 1371: 1350: 1346: 1336: 1332: 1319:antiaircraft 1308: 1304: 1295: 1289: 1281: 1276: 1265: 1262:World War II 1255: 1252: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1212: 1205: 1199: 1192: 1188: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1158: 1155: 1144: 1138: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1118: 1109:12-inch guns 1104: 1098: 1087: 1084: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1045: 1041: 1038:World War II 1034:Kriegsmarine 1021: 1015: 1012: 992: 975: 968: 959: 955: 948: 924: 912: 901: 894: 878: 859: 853:Armando Diaz 852: 829: 820: 808: 786: 784: 779: 765: 747: 734: 714: 711: 696:Italian Navy 688: 670: 652: 632: 631: 609: 606: 602: 598:torpedo boat 596:, while the 587: 581: 575: 551: 542: 525: 522: 516: 510: 507: 499: 488: 485: 478: 472: 466: 461: 440: 431: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 385: 379: 373: 367: 360: 354: 336: 329: 322: 308: 257: 250: 243: 220: 176: 174: 172:of a fleet. 169: 157: 151: 143:ocean escort 122: 120: 113: 98: 93: 86: 77: 46: 37:This is the 31: 9167:Mother ship 9006:Repair ship 8905:Minesweeper 8781:Patrol boat 8736:Armed yacht 8458:Dreadnought 8445:Battleships 8272:Naval ships 8150:Dragon boat 8120:Cable ferry 8066:Train ferry 8046:Supertanker 8026:Ocean liner 8021:Lightvessel 7991:Cruise ship 7986:Cruiseferry 7935:Survey ship 7910:Royal Yacht 7905:Patrol boat 7684:Mersey Flat 7534:Bermuda rig 7529:Barquentine 6412:(181): 37. 6028:War Machine 5854:Kemp, p. 68 5150:Parkes, p.8 4902:"Garibaldi" 4686:HSwMS 4571:Polish Navy 4505:HNLMS 4393:Indian Navy 4339:Deutschland 4334:German Navy 4314:French Navy 4069:Landevennec 4007:Little Rock 3874:Ticonderoga 3775:Indian Navy 3733:Ticonderoga 3603:Ticonderoga 3520:August 2023 3201:Ticonderoga 3195:Ticonderoga 3174:Ticonderoga 3088:Ticonderoga 3084:Ticonderoga 3073:helicopters 2859:Ticonderoga 2775:Ticonderoga 2751:Ticonderoga 2699:Oregon City 2682:Ticonderoga 2620:Dzerzhinsky 2616:Soviet Navy 2553:Ticonderoga 2551:. Like the 2545:Ticonderoga 2533:Ticonderoga 2481:Ticonderoga 2417:Oregon City 2311:Soviet Navy 2174:TBF Avenger 2170:F6F Hellcat 1722:battle line 1579:Scharnhorst 1551:Scharnhorst 1425:Prinz Eugen 1409:Dorsetshire 1380:Scharnhorst 1099:Scharnhorst 1071:Deutschland 1016:Deutschland 1013:The German 1003:Vietnam War 969:New Orleans 902:Southampton 862:Dreadnought 826:World War I 589:Jeune Ecole 529:screw sloop 489:Belliqueuse 415:Ticonderoga 323:Ticonderoga 265:air defense 244:Deutschland 212:World War I 204:World War I 156:, the term 154:Age of Sail 72:cruise ship 9226:Ship types 9215:Categories 9193:Ship types 9152:Guard ship 9026:Submarines 8961:Depot ship 8895:Minehunter 8081:Water taxi 8006:Hovercraft 7850:Battleship 7794:Windsurfer 7789:Windjammer 7759:Square rig 7654:Gunter rig 7549:Brigantine 7233:. Boston: 7138:. Sutton. 6822:19 January 6689:2023-12-07 6490:2020-11-01 6343:2024-05-21 6318:2024-05-21 6159:26 January 6133:(25): 26. 4854:References 4772:Montevideo 4731:Royal Navy 4688:Göta Lejon 4297:HDMS 3781:Project 18 3410:Project 58 3386:Project 58 3317:Invincible 3222:, Sold to 3063:s have 20 2896:and seven 2820:Bainbridge 2816:California 2740:California 2727:, and the 2717:Bainbridge 2711:Long Beach 2695:Long Beach 2463:Long Beach 2402:Long Beach 2381:Providence 2362:converted 2307:submarines 2193:. Admiral 2092:Leyte Gulf 2080:, and six 1978:Washington 1966:Washington 1950:Enterprise 1939:Washington 1873:Enterprise 1767:US Marines 1750:Marblehead 1705:Long Lance 1601:, Norway. 1543:North Cape 1494:conducted 1451:HMAS 1364:Montevideo 1206:Tre Kronor 999:Korean War 936:See also: 750:Town class 683:See also: 623:forecastle 501:Marco Polo 447:Royal Navy 443:Dutch navy 293:"frigates" 196:battleship 147:sea denial 84:US Navy's 8900:Minelayer 8715:Troopship 8643:Transport 8609:Escorteur 8589:Destroyer 8330:Broadside 8298:auxiliary 8293:submarine 8230:Whaleboat 8115:Bull Boat 8011:Hydrofoil 7976:Catamaran 7925:Submarine 7890:Minelayer 7865:Destroyer 7764:Tall ship 7689:Multihull 7564:Catamaran 7360:0043-0374 7279:(2004) . 6816:mil.today 6728:6 October 6418:1426-529X 6139:2543-5469 5666:Graf Spee 5101:"cruiser" 5089:, p. 242. 4814:Dalmacija 4735:HMS 4626:Elisabeta 4624:NMS 4580:cruiser, 4554:BAP 4552:cruiser, 4526:PNS 4401:INS 4399:cruiser, 4299:Valkyrien 4234:O'Higgins 4231:cruiser, 4183:cruiser, 4101:ARA 4037:La Spezia 4017:USS 4005:USS 3992:USS 3979:HMS 3967:HMS 3491:Operators 3468:The ship 3422:M-1 Volna 3299:INS 3186:destroyer 3131:defense. 3096:Aegis BMD 3045:9K311 Tor 2920:classes. 2834:USS 2800:Coral Sea 2798:USS 2791:USS 2722:USS 2715:USS 2709:classes. 2707:Cleveland 2703:Baltimore 2660:De Ruyter 2612:Garibaldi 2474:) ships, 2446:Cleveland 2412:Baltimore 2400:USS 2375:Galveston 2370:Cleveland 2364:Baltimore 2317:. Soviet 2238:Cleveland 2234:Cleveland 2226:Cleveland 2220:Baltimore 2187:s sister 2149:Conqueror 2147:HMS 2134:USS 2117:Yamashiro 2062:Cleveland 1990:Kirishima 1974:Kirishima 1954:Kirishima 1934:Kirishima 1920:Kirishima 1915:Kirishima 1886:USS 1871:USS 1854:USS 1763:Coral Sea 1748:USS 1736:two Dutch 1642:USS 1619:HMS 1599:Trondheim 1586:Gneisenau 1584:s sister 1570:HMS 1563:HMS 1530:HMS 1525:Sheffield 1523:HMS 1437:HMS 1430:HMS 1407:HMS 1391:HMS 1386:Gneisenau 1245:HMS 1238:HMS 1231:HMS 1220:De Grasse 1198:USS 1193:Worcester 1191:USS 1137:HMS 1130:HMS 1122:Elisabeta 967:USS 928:in 1937. 923:USS 633:Esmeralda 627:poop deck 619:Armstrong 610:Esmeralda 541:HMS 467:Merrimack 465:USS 463:instance 366:BAP 223:destroyer 187:to large 9221:Cruisers 9142:Flagship 8875:Danlayer 8746:Corvette 8624:Kaibōkan 8493:Cruisers 8385:CAM ship 8340:Casemate 8276:warships 8180:Lifeboat 8016:Lifeboat 8001:Fireboat 7855:Corvette 7774:Trimaran 7734:Schooner 7679:Longship 7639:Gaff rig 7594:Corvette 7539:Bilander 7472:25 March 7316:(2005). 7255:(1958). 7229:(1958). 7156:(1974). 7065:12613723 6969:(2004). 6943:(1984). 6921:(1985). 6257:: 17–18. 5529:Archived 5038:30 March 5034:(Report) 5008:(Report) 4870:(1989). 4822:See also 4796:in 1940. 4775:in 1932. 4740:in 1979. 4709:Mecidiye 4691:in 1971. 4670:in 1977. 4667:Canarias 4650:in 1947. 4629:in 1929. 4608:in 1935. 4559:in 2017. 4510:in 1975. 4489:in 1966. 4486:Royalist 4454:in 2006. 4434:in 1972. 4427:cruiser 4423:Sverdlov 4406:in 1985. 4362:in 1965. 4342:in 1990. 4322:in 2010. 4302:in 1923. 4237:in 1991. 4227:Brooklyn 4210:in 1961. 4189:in 1976. 4179:Brooklyn 4110:in 1982. 4099:cruiser 4095:Brooklyn 4061:Bordeaux 3981:Caroline 3959:Sverdlov 3689:as such. 3646:Mykolaiv 3471:Muntenia 3434:Kresta I 3380:Cruiser 3181:Spruance 3143:and the 3071:, three 3029:flagship 2960:Cold War 2830:Farragut 2822:and USS 2755:Spruance 2746:Virginia 2541:Spruance 2522:Spruance 2517:Spruance 2511:Spruance 2454:Farragut 2450:Farragut 2430:Farragut 2387:Farragut 2353:Admiral 2331:kamikaze 2261:Minotaur 2201:kamikaze 2007:PT boats 1888:Portland 1515:Murmansk 1500:Kara Sea 1460:Kormoran 1420:Bismarck 1415:Bismarck 1393:Glorious 1305:Kitakami 1296:Kitakami 1132:Coventry 1064:and HMS 1001:and the 976:Furutaka 913:Brooklyn 481:ironclad 376:Type 055 330:Spruance 273:Cold War 162:frigates 158:cruising 109:Russian 99:Virginia 94:Arkansas 87:Virginia 43:reviewed 9186:Related 9162:Monitor 9096:Wet sub 8941:Collier 8859:Shin'yō 8854:PT boat 8751:Gunboat 8614:Frigate 8345:Turrets 8220:Rowboat 8195:Parisal 8185:Lighter 8170:Gondola 8155:Dredger 8135:Currach 8130:Coracle 8110:Birlinn 8076:Tugboat 8071:Trawler 8061:Towboat 7966:Airboat 7945:Trawler 7900:Monitor 7870:Frigate 7860:Cruiser 7714:Polacca 7649:Galleon 7629:Frigate 7574:Clipper 7569:Catboat 7559:Carrack 7554:Caravel 6855:Sources 6524:14 June 5776:Kurzman 5067:16 June 5012:29 July 4986:14 June 4964:14 June 4938:14 June 4912:14 June 4254:Yat Sen 4056:Colbert 3994:Olympia 3969:Belfast 3963:cruiser 3908:Dandong 3903:Zhiyuan 3865:Zumwalt 3735:-class. 3727:Zumwalt 3633:Ukraina 3510:updated 3476:Romania 3246:Gotland 3108:Zumwalt 3057:Kashtan 3031:of the 3027:is the 3000:Russian 2843:class); 2824:Truxtun 2812:Belknap 2734:Belknap 2724:Truxtun 2690:nuclear 2687:Regulus 2648:Zhdanov 2636:Seaslug 2608:Masurca 2599:Colbert 2562:Zumwalt 2343:Terrier 2230:Atlanta 2190:Musashi 2152:in the 2136:Phoenix 2040:Rendova 1740:British 1621:Repulse 1572:Belfast 1532:Jamaica 1368:Uruguay 1284:classes 1226:Colbert 1200:Roanoke 1180:Atlanta 1176:Atlanta 1166:Atlanta 1062:Repulse 1036:during 951:(CA-25) 925:Wichita 836:calibre 791:of the 788:Grivița 780:Grivița 615:Elswick 552:Huáscar 548:monitor 517:Shannon 421:Zumwalt 202:before 177:cruiser 127:warship 123:cruiser 9091:U-boat 8819:E-boat 8786:Q-ship 8572:Escort 8225:Sampan 8165:Galley 8160:Dugout 8140:Dinghy 8086:Whaler 8056:Tanker 7784:Wherry 7644:Galiot 7599:Cutter 7524:Barque 7394: 7375: 7358: 7324: 7305: 7287: 7265: 7241: 7215: 7189: 7164: 7142: 7123: 7092:9 June 7063: 7053: 7034: 7015: 6996: 6977: 6955: 6929: 6907: 6876: 6843:Forbes 6416: 6137: 5661:Exeter 5535:29 May 5488:"1945" 5325:25 May 5176: 5138: 5111: 4884: 4805: 4784: 4763: 4749: 4728: 4700: 4679: 4659: 4638: 4617: 4596: 4584:Conrad 4578:-class 4568: 4550:-class 4540: 4519: 4498: 4484:HMNZS 4477: 4463: 4443: 4425:-class 4415: 4403:Mysore 4390: 4351: 4331: 4311: 4290: 4270: 4246: 4229:-class 4219: 4207:Quebec 4198: 4181:-class 4171: 4151: 4133: 4119: 4097:-class 4087: 4065:France 4032:Puglia 3961:-class 3936:Aurora 3880:DDG(X) 3869:DDG(X) 3858: 3830: 3809: 3795: 3772: 3759:Renhai 3751: 3729:-class 3719: 3708:-class 3698: 3675: 3625: 3605:-class 3595: 3583:Aurora 3578:-class 3573:and 2 3561: 3541: 3458:Granit 3397:Frunze 3382:Grozny 3341:-class 3252:Mogami 3183:-class 3176:-class 3139:, the 3053:AK-630 3041:OSA-MA 3013:Moskva 2985:-class 2968:-class 2927:Moskva 2841:Coontz 2836:Coontz 2814:, and 2793:Midway 2743:, and 2664:Otomat 2640:Seacat 2604:Exocet 2459:Albany 2437:-class 2424:Albany 2419:-class 2396:-class 2347:Tartar 2290:Frunze 2249:-class 2222:-class 2198:which 2195:Halsey 2182:Yamato 2178:Yamato 2064:-class 2030:. The 1926:Jun'yō 1899:Juneau 1894:Juneau 1876:, and 1867:Laffey 1856:Laffey 1677:Yamato 1660:-class 1538:Lützow 1453:Sydney 1337:Mogami 1333:Mogami 1310:Kaiten 1277:Mogami 1215:-class 1208:-class 1168:-class 1139:Curlew 1105:Alaska 1096:, the 1088:Alaska 1066:Renown 1060:, HMS 895:Mogami 813:was a 576:Aurora 537:shells 473:Mersey 343:Russia 332:-class 325:-class 251:Alaska 246:-class 97:. 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