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94:. The dam was just one part of the city's waterworks, which included irrigation canals watering expansive agricultural fields. The irrigation or "trunk" channels went to and throughout the city and agricultural areas. The channels were dug deeper and deeper to reduce the surface area exposed to the sun and lined with clay to avoid seepage.
101:. The destruction of the dam changed the course of the Oxus towards Sarygamysh Lake; it is believed that this contributed to the recession of the Aral Sea in the medieval period, although this is disputed.
404:
71:. While it stood, the wickerwork dam was located about a mile upstream from the town. The dam diverted the flow of the previously forked river entirely to the
86:. The dam had gates that controlled the flow of water, much like other dams of the same period throughout Central Asia, such as the one on the
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Destroying the dam washed away the city, the entire metropolitan area, and any surviving residents, which contributed to the overall
166:
Krivonogov, S. K.; Burr, G. S.; Kuzmin, Y. V.; Gusskov, S. A.; Kurmanbaev, R. K.; Kenshinbay, T. I.; Voyakin, D. A. (2014-07-01).
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Ancient
Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area: The History, Origin, and Development of Irrigated Agriculture
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168:"The fluctuating Aral Sea: A multidisciplinary-based history of the last two thousand years"
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Tajikistan's
National Epics: Muqanna's Rebellion and The Tajik People's Hero Temur Malik
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Lost
Enlightenment: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane
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Rivers and
Sustainable Development: Alternative Approaches and Their Implications
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The dam stood from about 985 to April 1221, when it was destroyed following the
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Historic cities of the Amu Darya watershed including Gurgānj (Urgench)
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The Silk Road: Central Asia, Afghanistan and Iran: A Travel
Companion
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Central Asian water-engineering project (~985–April 1221)
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death toll from the conquest period of the Mongol Empire
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Buildings and structures completed in the 10th century
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was a major water engineering project of medieval-era
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47:. It was destroyed in 1221 by the troops of
325:. Princeton University Press. p. 38.
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78:Our knowledge of the dam comes from both
235:Bartolʹd, Vasiliĭ Vladimirovich (1977).
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238:Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion
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319:Starr, S. Frederick (2015-06-02).
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35:. The dam was constructed on the
241:. E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust.
211:Treasures of the Great Silk Road
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43:("Old Gurgānj") in northern
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69:Mongol invasion of Khorasan
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352:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
136:Islam, S. Nazrul (2020).
268:. Taylor & Francis.
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51:and began to flow into
385:1221 disestablishments
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214:. The History Press.
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390:Khwarazmian Empire
380:985 establishments
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302:978-1-78297-165-8
275:978-1-000-96328-1
248:978-0-87991-453-0
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172:Gondwana Research
149:978-0-19-007902-4
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123:References
400:Amu Darya
192:1342-937X
92:Afrasiyab
80:al-Biruni
37:Amu Darya
116:Khwarazm
105:See also
73:Aral Sea
59:History
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