189:. Hill would put on shows from Monday to Saturday each week, including Wednesday and Saturday matinees. Hill made all the travel arrangements. Typically the show moved to a new city by train on a Monday morning, and were put up at a boarding house for performers at their destination. Hill owned several of these boarding houses, as did other variety company owners. The cast would share rooms, and would be given their meals at the boarding house. This kept expenses down, but conditions were acceptable for the performers. Hill signed up
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146:'s theater in New York. The show featured the "great Leonzo Brothers and their celebrated dog, Tiger." He would travel around the country challenging local jugglers to compete. On his first appearance he would let the local win. He would challenge them to a repeat match when he returned, ensuring a full house, and would then defeat the local. He gained the title of "Champion Clubman of the World". There was some sharp practice involved, but the title was useful in his variety act billings.
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526:. He said the increasing exactions of the actors, the musicians and the stage hands had made producing more and more unprofitable. By the 1927–28 season the Columbia Burlesque Circuit was struggling financially. This was the last season where cartoon theatricals were a significant part of the burlesque shows. Hill produced
271:. The Columbia Wheel came to operate two large burlesque circuits after buying a rival. In May 1915 the company arranged to transfer its No. 2 circuit, which had forty theaters and thirty-four touring companies, to a new corporation called the American Burlesque Association. Gus Hill was named president of the new entity.
126:, an association of burlesque shows and theaters, and became president of the American Burlesque Association. He also staged drama and musical comedies. He launched a highly popular series of "cartoon theatricals", musical comedies based on comic strips or cartoons. At one time he was running fourteen different shows.
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opened in London on 22 October 1896. The play was a broad comedy revolving around interactions between Dan McFadden and Sandy McTavish, stereotypes of the witty
Irishman and the tight-fisted Scot. Another theme is McFadden's daughter, who is sent to finishing school and becomes too much of a lady to
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on 12 July 1902. With the "Columbia Wheel" a series of companies followed each other round a circuit of theaters, a concept for which he claimed the credit. Hill produced three burlesque shows each season for
Columbia until the early 1910s, when he leased his franchise to other producers so he could
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The program for the week contains several features that are popular with lovers of vaudeville. It includes Fred Hallen and Molly Fuller, who appear in a singing sketch in which they introduce some novel and entertaining features; the
American Macs; Frank Latona in a musical specialty; Annie Whitney
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said :There is no reason why this show should not furnish a very complete evening's entertainment for either colored or white audiences. In the twenty-three song numbers and specialties one is certain to find several that will tickle any fancy. The chorus is fast and the wardrobe gorgeous." Hill
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Gus Hill was born
Gustave Metz in New York City on 22 February 1858. His parents, Gustave Metz and Martha E. Baecht Metz, were German immigrants. Gus was the oldest of three surviving boys. His father was the owner of a sawmill and furniture factory. Gus Hill was an amateur athlete. He became a
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A "cartoon theatrical" is a live theater performance based on a comic strip or cartoon. More than two hundred cartoon theatricals were produced between 1896 and 1927, about fifty of them original and the others derivative. Gus Hill was involved in over half of them. In the 1890s Hill started
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Gus Hill's
Champion Club-swinging and Dumb-bell Manual: A Complete Guide by which Any One Can Learn These Healthy Exercises, as it Contains Instructions in Everything Appertaining to These Useful and Beneficial Accomplishments, Together with the Requirements and Construction of the
182:. The scenery was designed to fold up into specially designed trunks to save space. Hill was known for cost-cutting, using old scenery and costumes, and employing performers who could not demand high wages since they were not yet known, or were past their peak.
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among others. Most of the theatricals were musical comedies. Hill produced these "cartoon theatricals", or musicals based on comic strips, into 1920s. The theatricals would first play in legitimate road shows, then move to Hill's burlesque franchises.
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Hill would invite members of the audience to try to lift his clubs, which were so heavy that few could do so. He then took the clubs on stage and juggled them effortlessly. Unseen, he had removed the lead weights from the false bottoms of the clubs.
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in sentimental ballads and serio-comic songs; James
Bingham, ventriloquist; Walter Reed, who gives a burlesque flying ring and trapeze performance; the Speck Brothers, comical midget boxers; and Montgomery and Stone, buck and wing dancers.
496:(1915–16), ran from the 1910–11 season through to the 1927–28 season, and at one time had six companies playing the show in different places. In 1922 Hill staged a version of
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In April 1921 Hill spoke as president of the 110-member
Touring Managers' Association, which employed about 6,000 actors. He said his group would strongly oppose the
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in May 1896. By this time he was one of the richest of the variety show promoters. A reviewer described Hill's show at the
Haymarket Theater in Chicago in 1896:
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The
African American Theatre Directory, 1816–1960: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Companies, Theatres, and Performing Groups
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acknowledge her father in public. In the end McFadden's daughter marries McTavish's son and all ends well. The play was the basis for the silent film
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313:. It starred Jim Burris, Tom Logan and Irvin Allen. At this time Hill was running fourteen different shows. He had a mule which had appeared in
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in 1929, marking the end of his career as a producer. He continued to perform as a club swinger in charitable events and nostalgia shows.
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were burlesque shows, but included variety acts and were cleaner than others. Gus Hill was one of sixteen producers who incorporated the
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Hill ventured into film production with the
Nonpareil Feature Film Company in 1914. The first film released was the pseudo-documentary
317:, and then was moved to other revues without success. Hill gave the mule to Dudley, who brought it on stage and created a sensation.
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A Century of Musicals in Black and White: An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage Works By, About, or Involving African Americans
632:. Columbia Theatre (Organization : Washington, D.C.), Theater Playbills and Programs Collection: Library of Congress.
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Gus Hill soon moved into show business management, although he continued to perform for ten years or more. Hill produced
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297:. The troupe staged vaudeville-style shows with comedy sketches, songs, dances and specialty acts. Gus Hill's
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The "Gus Hill's Minstrels" vaudeville theater was built around 1869 at 1890–1898 Park Avenue, Manhattan. The
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On 16 June 1876, when Hill was eighteen, he was listed as a club swinger on a bill for a vaudeville show at
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wrestler and then a juggler with Indian clubs. He took the name "Hill" from a sporting resort at
1548:"Cartoon Theatricals from 1896 to 1927: Gus Hill's Cartoon Shows for the American Road Theatre"
122:. He later became a burlesque and vaudeville entrepreneur. Hill was one of the founders of the
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made in 1927 and another silent film with the same name made in 1935. The 1927 film featured
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organized the Whitney Musical Comedy Company, which toured under Hill's management as the
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in the early 1900s, and was still staging a version of that show in the 1923–24 season.
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For the 1896–97 season Hill added three burlesque companies and the cartoon theatrical
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118:; 22 February 1858 – 20 April 1937) was an American vaudeville performer who juggled
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481:. It remained true to the play's vaudeville origins and received friendly reviews.
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in the 1885–86 season, and performed in the show with his Indian clubs. He produced
1456:"A New Film Version of 'McFadden's Flats' at the Rialto – 'In a Monastery Garden.'"
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Gus Hill died of a heart attack in New York City on 20 April 1937. He was aged 79.
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178:. Hill produced musical comedies priced low for unsophisticated audiences far from
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first appeared in 1898. That year he produced a series of melodramas written by
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Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America
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appeared on stage. Later it became a dance hall, gymnasium and fight arena.
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Hill, Gus; Huntington, E. S. S.; Tannehill, Frank; Webster, Howard (1911).
548:(Musical, Comedy, Extravaganza, Original) February 23, 1903 – March 7, 1903
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The Julius Cahn-Gus Hill Theatrical Guide and Moving Picture Directory
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ran from 1913–14 to 1932–33, with up to three companies at one time.
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Hill funded a number of African American reviews. One of these was
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Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911–1960
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Blacks in Blackface: A Sourcebook on Early Black Musical Shows
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episodes, but none appeared. Nonpareil released a version of
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Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2004).
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401:. He later added characters from other cartoons such as
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Another source say Hill first appeared at Harry Hill's
340:. Hill announced plans to make a series of single-reel
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580:(Musical, Comedy, Original) March 30 – April 18, 1925
1511:. The Ohio State University Cartoon Research Library
1234:
Fred Stone: Circus Performer and Musical Comedy Star
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574:(Musical, Comedy, Farce, Revival) January 6–11, 1908
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in the 1886–87 season, featuring the new performers
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and Crosby Street in Manhattan called Harry Hill's.
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354:. The company appears to have then quietly folded.
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566:(Musical, Comedy, Farce, Original) May 4–12, 1903
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500:performed by Conoly's Colored Comedians at the
1509:San Francisco Academy of Comic Art Collection
554:(Musical, Comedy, Original) March 23–28, 1903
391:producing a vaudeville act that was based on
1129:Touring Managers Fight Equity Shop, NYT 1921
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560:(Musical, Comedy, Original) April 2–7, 1903
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541:Broadway shows produced by Hill included:
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1373:Peterson, Bernard L. Jr. (1993-10-25).
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607:Gus Hill's World of Novelties Songster
599:. New York Popular Publishing Company.
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1326:Father of the Blues: An Autobiography
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378:Scene from Hill's 1914 production of
234:also played in his vaudeville shows.
185:In 1892 Hill added a second company,
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1524:"Touring Managers Fight Equity Shop"
643:. Richard K. Fox Publishing Company.
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187:Gus Hill's New York Vaudeville Stars
1400:Peterson, Bernard L. (1997-01-01).
1323:Handy, William Christopher (1991).
743:Cullen, Hackman & McNeilly 2004
281:, which starred performers such as
13:
1266:. University of California Press.
338:The Line Up at Police Headquarters
218:. The next year he introduced the
164:Gus Hill's Mammoth Novelty Company
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1588:Businesspeople from New York City
1454:Sennwald, Andre (13 March 1935).
666:on Broome Street and the Bowery.
432:cartoon featured a series called
1427:Sampson, Henry T. (2013-10-30).
637:Hill, Gus; Burrows, Tom (1913).
615:Cahn, Julius; Hill, Gus (1903).
365:(1902), based on a series from
1546:Winchester, Mark David (1995).
1181:Abbott, Berenice (1973-06-01).
1046:The Yellow Kid 1896, Ohio State
908:New Burlesque Circuit, NYT 1915
679:
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251:Burlesque and other enterprises
1593:American vaudeville performers
1483:. Univ. Press of Mississippi.
1481:The Encyclopedia of Vaudeville
1406:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1187:. Courier Dover Publications.
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413:. He was also responsible for
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1:
1357:. 10 May 1915. Archived from
1231:Fields, Armond (2002-01-22).
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226:'s show to appear in his own
168:Gus Hill's World of Novelties
16:American vaudeville performer
1530:. April 1921. Archived from
465:. The 1935 film, adapted by
241:Poster for the 1915 film of
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10:
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524:Actors' Equity Association
504:, New York. A reviewer in
331:Southern Smart Set Company
264:Columbia Amusement Company
212:Gus Hill's Ideal Minstrels
124:Columbia Amusement Company
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1184:New York in the Thirties
494:Mutt and Jeff in College
325:in 1905. In 1909 he and
301:put on the touring show
1550:. Ohio State University
1475:Slide, Anthony (2012).
1351:"New Burlesque Circuit"
1329:. Perseus Books Group.
1258:Gevinson, Alan (1997).
490:Mutt and Jeff in Panama
444:McFadden's Row of Flats
434:McFadden's Row of Flats
393:New York Sunday World's
208:McFadden's Row of Flats
97:Vaudeville entrepreneur
1355:New York Times Article
488:, and sequels such as
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256:Gus Hill's Aggregation
247:
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159:
1505:"The Yellow Kid 1896"
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157:
1216:. Psychology Press.
687:Gus Hill's Minstrels
546:Southern Enchantment
537:Broadway productions
442:in 1896. Gus Hill's
303:The Black Politician
267:devote more time to
230:vaudeville company.
1433:. Scarecrow Press.
416:Alphonse and Gaston
386:Cartoon theatricals
347:Alice in Wonderland
244:Alice in Wonderland
191:David C. Montgomery
105:Cartoon theatricals
35:Gus Hill circa 1880
1461:The New York Times
1260:"McFadden's Flats"
922:, p. 182-183.
604:Hill, Gus (1889).
592:Hill, Gus (1880).
578:Bringing Up Father
528:Gus Hill's Midgets
517:Bringing up Father
422:Bringing Up Father
383:
380:Bringing Up Father
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319:Salem Tutt Whitney
307:James Reese Europe
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220:Royal Lilliputians
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150:Vaudeville manager
1490:978-1-61703-250-9
1440:978-0-8108-8351-2
1413:978-0-313-29537-9
1386:978-0-313-06454-8
1336:978-0-306-80421-2
1273:978-0-520-20964-0
1244:978-0-7864-1161-0
1223:978-0-415-93853-2
1194:978-0-486-22967-6
502:Lafayette Theatre
323:Smart Set Company
295:Sherman H. Dudley
278:Smart Set Company
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571:Around the Clock
479:Richard Cromwell
450:McFadden's Flats
439:New York Journal
363:McFadden's Flats
260:Gus Hill's Stars
228:Around the Clock
158:1888 sports card
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492:(1913–14) and
467:Casey Robinson
455:Charlie Murray
430:The Yellow Kid
410:Happy Hooligan
398:The Yellow Kid
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368:The Yellow Kid
342:Happy Hooligan
315:McFadden Flats
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1064:
1063:Gevinson 1997
1059:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1036:, p. 29.
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1003:
1001:
994:, p. 20.
993:
988:
982:, p. 19.
981:
976:
970:, p. 18.
969:
964:
958:, p. 64.
957:
952:
946:, p. 23.
945:
940:
934:, p. 46.
933:
932:Peterson 1993
928:
921:
920:Peterson 1997
916:
909:
904:
898:, p. 16.
897:
892:
890:
883:, p. 79.
882:
877:
871:, p. 62.
870:
865:
859:, p. 61.
858:
853:
851:
844:, p. 59.
843:
838:
832:, p. 13.
831:
826:
824:
822:
815:, p. 11.
814:
809:
803:, p. 58.
802:
797:
795:
793:
785:
780:
773:
768:
761:
756:
754:
752:
744:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
718:, p. 10.
717:
712:
705:
700:
696:
688:
682:
672:
665:
664:Free and Easy
659:
655:
642:
641:
640:Club Swinging
635:
631:
630:
629:Mutt and Jeff
624:
620:
619:
613:
609:
608:
602:
598:
597:
590:
589:
579:
576:
573:
572:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:Spotless Town
556:
553:
552:In Posterland
550:
547:
544:
543:
542:
534:
531:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
511:first staged
509:
508:
503:
499:
498:Mutt and Jeff
495:
491:
487:
486:Mutt and Jeff
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
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451:
445:
441:
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431:
427:
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404:Mutt and Jeff
400:
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381:
376:
370:
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364:
359:
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353:
349:
348:
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334:
332:
328:
327:J. Homer Tutt
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Billy McClain
280:
279:
272:
270:
269:Mutt and Jeff
265:
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257:
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79:
78:New York City
70:20 April 1937
69:
65:
60:
59:New York City
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1552:. Retrieved
1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1527:
1513:. Retrieved
1508:
1494:. Retrieved
1480:
1465:. Retrieved
1459:
1444:. Retrieved
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1379:. ABC-CLIO.
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1354:
1340:. Retrieved
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1309:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1277:. Retrieved
1263:
1248:. Retrieved
1233:
1213:
1198:. Retrieved
1183:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1105:Sampson 2013
1100:
1041:
1029:
1009:, p. 1.
987:
975:
963:
956:Sampson 2013
951:
944:Sampson 2013
939:
927:
915:
903:
876:
864:
837:
808:
779:
767:
711:
706:, p. 9.
699:
686:
681:
671:
663:
658:
639:
628:
617:
606:
594:
585:Publications
577:
569:
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291:Tom McIntosh
287:Ernest Hogan
275:
273:
268:
259:
255:
254:
242:
232:Eddie Cantor
227:
219:
211:
207:
205:
200:
186:
184:
167:
163:
161:
141:
133:
120:Indian clubs
116:Gustave Metz
115:
111:
110:
72:(1937-04-20)
45:Gustave Metz
1578:1937 deaths
1573:1858 births
881:Abbott 1973
869:Fields 2002
857:Fields 2002
842:Fields 2002
801:Fields 2002
469:, featured
463:Edna Murphy
361:Poster for
352:Viola Savoy
350:, starring
321:joined the
276:Gus Hill's
144:Tony Pastor
130:Early years
86:Nationality
1567:Categories
1554:2014-05-13
1538:2014-05-13
1515:2014-05-13
1496:2014-05-12
1477:"Gus Hill"
1467:2014-05-13
1446:2014-05-13
1419:2014-05-13
1392:2014-05-13
1365:2014-05-13
1342:2014-05-13
1315:2014-05-12
1306:"Gus Hill"
1297:2014-05-12
1288:"Gus Hill"
1279:2014-05-13
1250:2014-05-13
1210:"Gus Hill"
1200:2014-05-13
772:Handy 1991
760:Slide 2012
650:References
475:Andy Clyde
311:Cecil Mack
224:Fred Karno
216:Owen Davis
195:Fred Stone
176:Lew Fields
94:Occupation
51:1858-02-22
596:Gymnasium
507:Billboard
395:cartoon,
299:Smart Set
172:Joe Weber
1598:Jugglers
407:and the
180:Broadway
137:Broadway
112:Gus Hill
89:American
23:Gus Hill
1174:Sources
484:Hill's
436:in the
1487:
1437:
1410:
1383:
1333:
1270:
1241:
1220:
1191:
193:&
114:(born
1485:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1310:IMDb
1292:IBDB
1268:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1189:ISBN
477:and
461:and
419:and
309:and
293:and
258:and
174:and
67:Died
41:Born
1569::
1526:.
1507:.
1479:.
1458:.
1353:.
1308:.
1290:.
1262:.
1212:.
1085:^
1070:^
1053:^
1014:^
999:^
888:^
849:^
820:^
791:^
750:^
723:^
473:,
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333:.
289:,
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1024:.
910:.
53:)
49:(
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