3116:
228:
138:
194:
relatively small. The power steering pump supplies pressure through two regulating valves to two spring-loaded hydraulic actuators on the rear axle; these valves are designed to selectively pass or stop pressure to one side of each actuator, according to vehicle speed and lateral acceleration, which then steers the rear suspension subframe and semi-trailing arms.
119:
systems, HICAS and Super HICAS are fitted to improve handling rather than just as a parking aid. Disabling or removing HICAS has become a popular aftermarket modification, with proponents citing more predictable steering behavior as an advantage. However, after disabling HICAS, it has been noted that
515:
The 4WS system employed on the GT-R is a third generation version of the original Super HICAS system. Whereas the older system was often criticised for its ungainly low-speed manoeuvrability, the new Super HICAS does away with that by initially turning the rear wheels in the opposite direction to
193:
concept vehicle (1985), was a passive system which steered the rear wheels up to 0.5° in phase with the front wheels at speeds greater than 30 km/h (19 mph). Because the passive system essentially compresses the rubber suspension bushings, the resulting angle of rear-wheel steering is
128:
The versions are distinguished by the degree of rear steering and actuator for the rear steering rack, with the earliest version using a passive system to steer the rear wheels ("HICAS"), an intermediate version using a hydraulic actuator ("HICAS II"), and a later version using a hydraulic or
521:
This, says Nissan, improves lowdown steering responsiveness and feel while still maintaining the useful gains during high-speed cornering. While it is in effect similar to Honda's patented 4WS system its operation is by hydraulic pressure, depending upon its speed and angle, as opposed to
277:
Compared to HICAS II, Super HICAS uses a dedicated computer instead of speed sensors to actuate rear steering by up to 1°; upon initial turn in, it is programmed to provide opposite-phase rear wheel steering before turning the rear wheels in-phase, effectively performing a
239:
to the passive system, which allowed the car to steer the rear wheels up to 7° in opposition to the front wheels to aid maneuverability at lower speeds. This active system was called HICAS II when it reached production with the
244:. The hydraulic system again was powered by the power steering pump, using speed sensors to determine how much and in which direction to steer the rear wheels; for production vehicles, rear steering was limited to 1°.
149:" in 1985, named for "90s-number-one" to embody the corporate goal to become Japan's most advanced automobile manufacturer by the 1990s. "Project 901" resulted in several vehicles sharing a similar front- and rear-
201:
coupes (GTS, GTS-R, and GTS-X). HICAS was almost used on the 1985 model but was not ready in time for production. The system was later adapted to work on many models in the Nissan range, beginning with the
764:
Eguchi, Takaaki; Sakita, Yuzo; Kawagoe, Kenzi; Kaneko, Satoshi; Mori, Kazunori; Matsumoto, Tahei (1989). "Development of "Super Hicas", a New Rear Wheel
Steering System with Phasereversal Control".
617:[Nissan holds an event to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the birth of Skyline at Roppongi Hills. All models from the past will be lined up from April 21 to 24.].
713:
1190:
1161:
1195:
3142:
927:
Katayama, Takeshi; Yasuno, Yoshiki; Sao, Masayuki; Imamura, Masayuki (2009). "Development of 4 Wheel Active
Steering System".
588:
499:
282:. Later versions of Super HICAS moved to an electric actuator for the rear steering rack, making the system much lighter.
56:'s rear wheel steering system which was fitted to cars from approximately 1985 to 2010, including models ranging from the
1095:
231:
Active HICAS-II / Super HICAS animation, exaggerated to ±2.5°; with passive subframe steering and rear steering rack
3077:
969:
1508:
665:
468:
416:
3083:
1105:
640:
2618:
2336:
535:
687:
235:
A later version of HICAS, first shown on the CUE-X concept car (1985), added a hydraulic actuator and
3035:
1929:
1914:
1904:
3107:
1586:
1208:
1135:
808:
1581:
1250:
561:
1571:
1090:
3025:
2639:
1811:
1100:
1085:
2185:
1079:
862:
835:
386:
254:
150:
2585:
1626:
3020:
1681:
1018:
1013:
962:
2301:
8:
3093:
2086:
1999:
1140:
614:
441:
116:
1601:
2448:
1631:
1125:
789:
279:
1786:
1487:
3088:
2979:
2974:
2897:
2423:
2111:
2106:
2071:
2036:
1871:
1636:
1360:
1233:
915:
781:
394:
166:
197:
The passive HICAS was fitted initially to regular production vehicles with the 1986
120:
slow maneuvers including parking and quick response steering seemed more difficult.
2995:
2969:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2892:
2887:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2744:
2729:
2724:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2684:
2661:
2656:
2580:
2019:
2004:
1796:
1177:
936:
905:
773:
358:
323:
293:
216:
203:
198:
182:
162:
25:
3147:
3119:
2984:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2844:
2784:
2779:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2719:
2714:
2689:
2679:
2505:
2051:
2031:
1876:
1736:
1706:
1671:
1518:
1374:
1319:
1169:
1156:
955:
329:
266:
260:
186:
178:
174:
170:
739:
3030:
2590:
2518:
2466:
2306:
2141:
2081:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2041:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1934:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1896:
1881:
1851:
1846:
1821:
1816:
1791:
1731:
1661:
1454:
1444:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1389:
1379:
1350:
1309:
1069:
892:
Sanada, Yuichi; Inoue, Naohiko; Yamaguchi, Hirotsugu; Takahashi, Kenro (1993).
352:
305:
158:
154:
57:
940:
3136:
2552:
2541:
2500:
2453:
2347:
2161:
2151:
2096:
2091:
2076:
2066:
2009:
1989:
1949:
1886:
1856:
1841:
1831:
1826:
1801:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1741:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1513:
1492:
1472:
1449:
1429:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1280:
1267:
1028:
919:
785:
666:"Nissan Heritage Collection No. 323: Nissan 180SX TYPE II (1990 : RS13)"
398:
236:
81:
69:
65:
3000:
2489:
2479:
2437:
2366:
2361:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2228:
2212:
2198:
2193:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2101:
2026:
1944:
1866:
1861:
1836:
1806:
1746:
1596:
1576:
1566:
1561:
1534:
1482:
1477:
1439:
1393:
1384:
1345:
1335:
1295:
1275:
1271:
1074:
1033:
1023:
317:
311:
299:
241:
146:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
85:
77:
73:
141:
Passive HICAS animation, exaggerated to ±2.5°; regulating valves not shown
3071:
2626:
2601:
2572:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2510:
2484:
2471:
2458:
2377:
2275:
2223:
2177:
2146:
1969:
1959:
1891:
1761:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1666:
1641:
1611:
1606:
1591:
1434:
1340:
1290:
1285:
910:
893:
347:
342:
190:
793:
516:
those at the front before switching back the other way to run in unison.
2859:
2671:
2648:
2403:
2014:
1954:
1621:
1616:
1130:
947:
2316:
2311:
2156:
1939:
1776:
1716:
1556:
1409:
1046:
3056:
2922:
1064:
995:
777:
641:"Skyline 4-door Hardtop GTS Twin-cam 24V Turbo (1986 : KRR31)"
89:
61:
1464:
1239:
1200:
1005:
387:"PS Exclusive: 4-Wheel Steering—here now for all-out performance"
714:"Tested: 1991 Chevrolet Corvette Z51 FX3 vs. Nissan 300ZX Turbo"
3051:
1113:
1038:
1000:
978:
129:
electric actuator with additional programming ("Super HICAS").
53:
898:
Proceedings of the JFPS International
Symposium on Fluid Power
1227:
1118:
891:
469:"How the R32 Skyline GT-R went from import car to cult star"
1182:
227:
31:
137:
3061:
763:
37:
926:
615:"日産、スカイライン誕生60周年記念イベントを六本木ヒルズで開催。4月21日～24日まで歴代の全モデルが並ぶ"
442:"Removing HICAS Delete 4 Wheel Steering How to Guide"
40:
34:
28:
189:. The earliest version of HICAS, as fitted to the
3134:
536:"Nissan R32 Skyline GT-R: The "Godzilla" legend"
894:"Automotive hydraulics at Nissan Motor Company"
963:
393:. Bonnier Corporation. pp. 60–65, 115.
380:
378:
376:
374:
970:
956:
707:
705:
50:High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering
909:
493:
491:
489:
410:
408:
384:
977:
711:
660:
658:
533:
466:
414:
371:
226:
136:
836:"What's New Automotive: Fresh Fastback"
702:
3135:
833:
586:
486:
405:
88:. It is also found on models from the
16:Proprietary rear-wheel steering system
1110:Nissan Motorsports & Customizing
951:
860:
834:Yeaple, Judith Anne (November 1990).
655:
562:"From Japan: 4-W-Steering Sports Car"
1157:Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli S.p.A.
806:
612:
559:
497:
385:Shuldiner, Herbert (February 1986).
772:(6). SAE International: 1495–1504.
589:"Not even $ 7000 for this Skyline?"
534:Ponchard, Nathan (September 2019).
64:(Z32) to smaller vehicles like the
13:
1196:Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance
885:
587:Newton, Andrew (23 October 2023).
14:
3159:
737:
467:Robinson, Aaron (30 March 2023).
417:"Four-wheel steering demystified"
3143:Automotive steering technologies
3115:
3114:
3078:Nissan Motors v. Nissan Computer
2286:CONCEPT 2020 Vision Gran Turismo
929:Review of Automotive Engineering
712:Phillips, John (February 1990).
24:
1191:Renault Nissan Automotive India
854:
827:
800:
757:
731:
680:
633:
768:. SAE Technical Paper Series.
688:"Silvia K's (1989 : S13)"
606:
580:
553:
527:
522:conventional mechanical gears.
460:
434:
415:Severson, Aaron (2015-06-12).
272:
1:
1106:Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK
807:Swan, Tony (September 1989).
364:
60:(R31, R32, R33, and R34) and
560:Free, John (December 1985).
7:
863:"New Cars: Ad Infinit(i)um"
809:"Fall Firsts: Infiniti Q45"
498:Lyon, Peter (August 1989).
336:
222:
123:
10:
3164:
3031:Nissan Stadium (Nashville)
1782:Grand Livina/Livina Geniss
690:. Nissan Motor Corporation
668:. Nissan Motor Corporation
643:. Nissan Motor Corporation
3102:
3044:
3036:Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)
3013:
2921:
2858:
2670:
2647:
2638:
2170:
1547:
1527:
1501:
1463:
1402:
1328:
1260:
1249:
1220:
1149:
1055:
985:
941:10.11351/jsaereview.30.61
766:Journal of Passenger Cars
740:"HICAS & Super HICAS"
294:Nissan Skyline GT-R (R32)
3108:Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd.
1080:Nissan Manufacturing Rus
861:Dunne, Jim (July 1992).
540:MOTOR Magazine Australia
217:Nissan Skyline GTS (R31)
132:
613:小林 隆 (April 20, 2017).
330:Nissan Laurel (C34-C35)
3026:Nissan Proving Grounds
1101:Nissan Motor Indonesia
1086:Nissan Motor Australia
232:
153:design, including the
142:
92:division, such as the
70:Silvia (S13 & S15)
1887:Murano CrossCabriolet
1514:Navara/Frontier/NP300
230:
151:multi-link suspension
140:
3021:Nissan Engine Museum
2501:New Mobility Concept
1131:Nissan North America
1091:Nissan Motor Ibérica
979:Nissan Motor Company
911:10.5739/isfp.1993.89
324:Nissan Leopard (Y32)
255:Nissan 180SX Type II
3094:Yokohama F. Marinos
1141:Nissan South Africa
738:Locke, Mike "Gio".
267:Nissan Silvia (S13)
261:Nissan Cefiro (A31)
117:four wheel steering
2052:Roadster-Road Star
1136:Nissan Philippines
1126:Nissan New Zealand
1096:Nissan Motor India
1010:Defunct/Integrated
815:. pp. 105–106
306:Nissan 300ZX Turbo
280:Scandinavian flick
233:
171:Pulsar/Sunny (N14)
167:Infiniti G20 (P10)
159:Infiniti Q45 (G50)
145:Nissan initiated "
143:
115:Unlike many other
3130:
3129:
3009:
3008:
2082:Skyline Crossover
1543:
1542:
1528:Commercial trucks
1234:Mitsubishi Motors
1213:
1205:
1187:
1174:
867:Popular Mechanics
813:Popular Mechanics
500:"Sky's the Limit"
448:. January 1, 2011
199:Skyline GTS (R31)
3155:
3118:
3117:
2645:
2644:
2171:Concept vehicles
1258:
1257:
1211:
1209:Zhengzhou-Nissan
1203:
1185:
1178:Ghandhara Nissan
1172:
1166:
972:
965:
958:
949:
948:
944:
923:
913:
879:
878:
876:
874:
869:. pp. 92–93
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
831:
825:
824:
822:
820:
804:
798:
797:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
700:
699:
697:
695:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
662:
653:
652:
650:
648:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
584:
578:
577:
575:
573:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
531:
525:
524:
520:
512:
510:
495:
484:
483:
481:
479:
464:
458:
457:
455:
453:
438:
432:
431:
429:
427:
412:
403:
402:
382:
47:
46:
43:
42:
39:
36:
33:
30:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3098:
3040:
3005:
2917:
2854:
2666:
2634:
2312:Datsun GO-Cross
2166:
2117:Terrano (India)
1549:
1539:
1523:
1497:
1459:
1398:
1329:SUVs/crossovers
1324:
1253:Nissan vehicles
1252:
1245:
1216:
1204:(30%, sold off)
1170:Dongfeng Nissan
1164:
1145:
1057:
1051:
981:
976:
888:
886:Further reading
883:
882:
872:
870:
859:
855:
845:
843:
840:Popular Science
832:
828:
818:
816:
805:
801:
762:
758:
748:
746:
736:
732:
722:
720:
710:
703:
693:
691:
686:
685:
681:
671:
669:
664:
663:
656:
646:
644:
639:
638:
634:
624:
622:
611:
607:
597:
595:
585:
581:
571:
569:
566:Popular Science
558:
554:
544:
542:
532:
528:
518:
517:
508:
506:
496:
487:
477:
475:
465:
461:
451:
449:
440:
439:
435:
425:
423:
413:
406:
391:Popular Science
383:
372:
367:
339:
334:
275:
225:
135:
126:
27:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2317:Datsun GO Live
2314:
2309:
2307:Datsun redi-Go
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Hardbody truck
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1268:Almera/V-Drive
1264:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1150:Joint ventures
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1070:Nissan Ireland
1067:
1061:
1059:
1056:Divisions and
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
989:
987:
983:
982:
975:
974:
967:
960:
952:
946:
945:
924:
887:
884:
881:
880:
853:
826:
799:
778:10.4271/891978
756:
730:
718:Car and Driver
701:
679:
654:
632:
605:
579:
552:
526:
485:
459:
433:
404:
369:
368:
366:
363:
362:
361:
359:Nissan Skyline
356:
350:
345:
338:
335:
333:
332:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
289:
288:
287:
286:Implementation
274:
271:
270:
269:
263:
257:
250:
249:
248:Implementation
224:
221:
220:
219:
212:
211:
210:Implementation
134:
131:
125:
122:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3160:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3123:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2560:Sport Concept
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:Compact Sport
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:NT400 Cabstar
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Kicks (India)
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:Discontinued
1546:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1519:Patrol Pickup
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:Pickup trucks
1500:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:NV100 Clipper
1481:
1479:
1478:NT100 Clipper
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Caravan/Urvan
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:Vans/minivans
1401:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Terra/X-Terra
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:Shareholdings
1219:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1047:Nissan Diesel
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
980:
973:
968:
966:
961:
959:
954:
953:
950:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
889:
868:
864:
857:
841:
837:
830:
814:
810:
803:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
745:
741:
734:
719:
715:
708:
706:
689:
683:
667:
661:
659:
642:
636:
621:(in Japanese)
620:
616:
609:
594:
590:
583:
567:
563:
556:
541:
537:
530:
523:
505:
501:
494:
492:
490:
474:
470:
463:
447:
443:
437:
422:
418:
411:
409:
400:
396:
392:
388:
381:
379:
377:
375:
370:
360:
357:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
331:
327:
325:
321:
319:
318:Infiniti J30t
315:
313:
309:
307:
303:
301:
300:Infiniti Q45t
297:
295:
291:
290:
285:
284:
283:
281:
268:
264:
262:
258:
256:
252:
251:
247:
246:
245:
243:
238:
237:steering rack
229:
218:
214:
213:
209:
208:
207:
205:
200:
195:
192:
188:
184:
183:Skyline (R32)
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
139:
130:
121:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:Nissan Serena
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:Nissan Cefiro
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
21:
3120:
3076:
3066:
2186:240Z Concept
2087:Skyline GT-R
2000:Prince Royal
1465:Kei vehicles
1375:Patrol (Y61)
1075:Nissan Korea
1058:subsidiaries
1034:Ohta Jidosha
932:
928:
904:(2): 89–98.
901:
897:
871:. Retrieved
866:
856:
844:. Retrieved
842:. p. 14
839:
829:
817:. Retrieved
812:
802:
769:
765:
759:
747:. Retrieved
743:
733:
721:. Retrieved
717:
692:. Retrieved
682:
670:. Retrieved
645:. Retrieved
635:
623:. Retrieved
618:
608:
596:. Retrieved
592:
582:
570:. Retrieved
568:. p. 40
565:
555:
543:. Retrieved
539:
529:
514:
507:. Retrieved
504:Modern MOTOR
503:
476:. Retrieved
472:
462:
450:. Retrieved
445:
436:
424:. Retrieved
420:
390:
353:Nissan 300ZX
312:Nissan 240SX
276:
242:Nissan 180SX
234:
196:
187:Laurel (C33)
175:Silvia (S13)
144:
127:
114:
86:Nissan Largo
49:
19:
18:
3106:A brand of
2609:Vmotion 2.0
2595:Trailrunner
2563:Sport Sedan
2449:Land Glider
2341:EV Guide II
2263:BladeGlider
2057:Rogue Sport
1632:Almera Tino
446:The SkyLife
355:(Z32 Model)
348:Nissan MID4
343:Quadrasteer
273:Super HICAS
155:300ZX (Z32)
147:Project 901
3137:Categories
2860:Straight-6
2740:G (Nissan)
2735:G (Prince)
2672:Straight-4
2649:Straight-3
2566:Stylish VI
2424:Invitation
2302:Denki Cube
2147:Versa Note
2112:Terrano II
1361:Pathfinder
1082:(sold off)
365:References
328:1993-2002
322:1992-1996
304:1990–2000
204:Passage GT
62:Fairlady Z
2627:Z Concept
2581:Terranaut
2549:Round Box
2546:Resonance
2371:Friend-ME
2194:300 Bambu
2072:Saurus Jr
2005:President
1930:NV3500 HD
1915:NV2500 HD
1797:Hypermini
1445:Primastar
1425:Interstar
920:2185-6303
786:0148-7191
619:Car Watch
399:0161-7370
3121:Category
3057:CarWings
2557:Serenity
2394:Hi-Cross
2344:EV Truck
2324:Dunehawk
2292:Crossbow
2199:300 Seta
2157:Wingroad
2032:R390 GT1
1817:Kubistar
1752:Fairlady
1707:Civilian
1682:Cablight
1672:Bluebird
1550:vehicles
1509:Frontier
1455:Townstar
1251:Current
1065:Infiniti
1019:Kurogane
996:Infiniti
873:14 March
846:14 March
819:14 March
794:44472394
749:14 March
744:300ZX TT
723:14 March
694:14 March
672:14 March
647:15 March
625:13 March
598:13 March
572:15 March
545:15 March
509:15 March
478:15 March
452:14 March
426:13 March
421:Autoweek
337:See also
316:1993–94
310:1991–93
298:1990–95
292:1989–94
265:1988–89
259:1988–93
253:1988–91
223:HICAS II
215:1985–88
124:Versions
90:Infiniti
2640:Engines
2612:Xmotion
2591:Townpod
2467:Magnite
2272:Chapeau
2229:Alpha T
2142:Vanette
2107:Terrano
2062:S-Cargo
2047:redi-Go
2042:Rasheen
2037:R'nessa
1995:Primera
1985:Presage
1980:Prairie
1975:Platina
1965:Pintara
1950:Paladin
1872:Mistral
1852:Liberty
1847:Leopard
1822:Lafesta
1767:Gazelle
1662:Bassara
1420:Elgrand
1390:X-Trail
1380:Qashqai
1351:Magnite
1310:Skyline
1240:Renault
1201:RN Bank
1006:Venucia
992:Current
986:Marques
593:Hagerty
473:Hagerty
163:Primera
110:G35/G37
68:(A31),
58:Skyline
3148:Nissan
3052:ATTESA
3014:Places
2631:Zaroot
2553:Saurus
2542:Qazana
2537:Pivo 3
2532:Pivo 2
2519:NX-018
2515:NV2500
2506:NRV-II
2454:Lannia
2420:Intima
2391:GT-R50
2374:Fusion
2358:FEV-II
2352:Extrem
2348:Evalia
2333:Esflow
2330:Ellure
2298:Cypact
2280:Cocoon
2276:Chappo
2269:C-Note
2233:Amenio
2162:Xterra
2152:Violet
2097:Stanza
2092:Stagea
2077:Silvia
2067:Saurus
2010:Pulsar
1990:Presea
1905:NV1500
1857:Maxima
1842:Laurel
1827:Lannia
1802:Junior
1777:Go/Go+
1772:Gloria
1757:Figaro
1747:Evalia
1742:Expert
1732:Dualis
1697:Cherry
1692:Cefiro
1687:Cedric
1677:Caball
1657:Avenir
1652:Auster
1647:Atleon
1493:Sakura
1450:Serena
1430:Livina
1370:Armada
1366:Patrol
1356:Murano
1305:Sylphy
1301:Sentra
1281:Altima
1162:COMPAS
1114:Autech
1039:Datsun
1029:Shatai
1014:Prince
1001:Nissan
918:
792:
784:
519:
397:
185:, and
177:&
54:Nissan
3067:HICAS
3045:Other
3001:VRT35
2992:GRX-3
2961:VEJ30
2623:Yanya
2598:TRI-X
2577:TeRRA
2523:NX-21
2497:NEO-X
2490:Nails
2476:Mixim
2463:LUC-2
2438:Kicks
2428:Jikoo
2388:Gripz
2367:Forum
2362:Foria
2327:Effis
2295:CUE-X
2259:Bevel
2254:AZEAL
2246:Ariya
2242:ARC-X
2213:Actic
2206:315-a
2203:300XM
2137:Truck
2132:Trade
2127:Titan
2122:Tiida
2102:Teana
2027:Quest
2020:GTI-R
1945:on-Do
1935:NV400
1925:NV350
1920:NV300
1910:NV250
1901:NT500
1892:NP200
1882:Multi
1867:Micra
1862:mi-Do
1837:Latio
1832:Largo
1717:Cross
1642:Aprio
1637:Altra
1597:300ZX
1587:280ZX
1577:240SX
1567:200SX
1562:180SX
1557:100NX
1535:Atlas
1440:NV200
1394:Rogue
1346:Kicks
1336:Ariya
1315:Tiida
1296:March
1276:Sunny
1272:Versa
1242:(15%)
1236:(34%)
1230:(75%)
1228:Jatco
1212:(50%)
1186:(50%)
1173:(50%)
1165:(50%)
1119:Nismo
1024:Aichi
790:JSTOR
133:HICAS
78:180SX
74:240SX
52:) is
20:HICAS
3084:VVEL
3072:NAPS
2606:UV-X
2602:URGE
2586:Tone
2573:Sway
2527:Pivo
2511:Nuvu
2485:Moco
2480:mm.e
2472:MID4
2459:LEAF
2445:KYXX
2442:Kino
2434:Jura
2431:Judo
2397:ideo
2385:GR-2
2382:GR-1
2378:Gobi
2321:Duad
2289:CQ-X
2266:Boga
2239:AQ-X
2236:AP-X
2224:AL-X
2220:AD-2
2217:AD-1
2209:AA-X
2190:270X
2182:216X
2178:126X
1970:Pixo
1960:Pino
1877:Moco
1792:Homy
1762:Fuga
1737:Echo
1727:DC-3
1722:Cube
1712:Crew
1702:Cima
1667:Be-1
1627:1200
1612:370Z
1607:350Z
1592:300C
1582:240Z
1488:Roox
1473:Dayz
1435:Note
1341:Juke
1291:Leaf
1286:GT-R
1261:Cars
1183:NMKV
1043:Sold
916:ISSN
902:1993
875:2024
848:2024
821:2024
782:ISSN
751:2024
725:2024
696:2024
674:2024
649:2024
627:2024
600:2024
574:2024
547:2024
511:2024
480:2024
454:2024
428:2024
395:ISSN
191:MID4
179:S14)
108:and
80:and
3089:VVL
3062:dCi
2989:V12
2980:W64
2975:VRH
2898:S20
2619:XVL
2615:XIX
2569:SUT
2494:NCS
2417:IMs
2414:IMq
2411:IMx
2408:IMk
2404:IDx
2400:IDS
2355:FEV
2337:ESV
2250:AXY
2015:EXA
1955:Pao
1812:Kix
1622:810
1617:510
1602:310
1572:210
937:doi
906:doi
774:doi
106:M35
102:M45
98:J30
94:Q45
3139::
2996:UD
2970:VK
2965:VH
2957:UD
2953:V8
2949:VR
2944:VQ
2939:VG
2934:VE
2930:V6
2913:UD
2908:TB
2903:SD
2893:RD
2888:RB
2878:LD
2850:ZD
2840:YD
2835:UD
2830:SR
2825:SD
2820:QR
2815:QG
2810:QD
2805:NR
2800:NA
2795:MR
2790:MA
2785:LD
2775:KR
2770:KA
2760:HR
2750:GB
2745:GA
2730:FJ
2725:FD
2710:CR
2705:CG
2700:CD
2695:CA
2685:BD
2662:UD
2657:HR
1940:NX
1410:AD
935:.
933:30
931:.
914:.
900:.
896:.
865:.
838:.
811:.
788:.
780:.
770:98
742:.
716:.
704:^
657:^
591:.
564:.
538:.
513:.
502:.
488:^
471:.
444:.
419:.
407:^
389:.
373:^
206:.
181:,
173:,
169:,
161:,
157:,
112:.
100:,
96:,
48:;
32:aɪ
2985:Y
2923:V
2883:P
2873:L
2868:H
2845:Z
2780:L
2765:J
2755:H
2720:E
2715:D
2690:C
2680:A
1392:/
1368:/
1320:Z
1303:/
1274:/
1270:/
971:e
964:t
957:v
943:.
939::
922:.
908::
877:.
850:.
823:.
796:.
776::
753:.
727:.
698:.
676:.
651:.
629:.
602:.
576:.
549:.
482:.
456:.
430:.
401:.
165:/
104:/
84:/
76:/
72:/
44:/
41:s
38:æ
35:k
29:h
26:/
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
