1785:
2490:
987:
180:
4103:
4068:
2128:. The Bohemian Germans' property was confiscated by the Czech authorities, and according to contemporary estimates, amounted to a third of the Czechoslovak national income. Germans who were valued for their skills were allowed to stay to pass on their knowledge to the Czech migrants. The expulsion severely depopulated the area and from then on, locales were referred to in only their Czech equivalents regardless of their previous demographic makeup. The resettlement of the formerly German-settled areas allowed many poorer people to acquire property, thus "equalizing" Czechoslovak society.
98:
3310:...should be modern Saxony, where remnants of Serbs (Sorbs) are still living. The name 'Boiki' has been much disputed over by specialists ... has proved that the 'place called Boiki' can only be Bohemia. Grégoire (L'Origine, 98) rejects Skok's proposal to read 'Boioi', and suggests 'Boimi'. C.'s account contains one serious inexactitude: namely, the statement that the Serbs lived 'in a place called by them Boiki'. Although we have documentary proof of the existence of Croats in Bohemia, we have none to suggest that Serbs lived there. Bohemia was in fact another neighbor of White Serbia
116:
1666:
1938:
1539:
422:
1425:
4139:
123:
197:
2511:
4114:
396:
4089:
105:
3278:
very unlikely, however, because the location is too far east for the Serbs, nor has any indication been found that the name of the Boikos was ever in such wide usage. So all we are left with to suggest the existence of a Rus' Croatia in the
Carpathians is the Primary Chronicle ... Published by H. Jireiek, the Karten zur Geschichte (1897) also show the 'Boiki' on the Dnister (map 4). It is more likely that Boiki is a distorted variant of the name Boiohem, or Bohemia, as most scholars now believe...
1824:
2148:
1292:
168:
4154:
212:
4128:
1013:
1964:. Czech political leaders however claimed the entire Bohemian lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. By the end of October, bilingual towns had been occupied by Czech forces. By end of November, many purely German-speaking towns had been occupied. German or Austrian troops, bound by the cease-fire agreement, did not support Bohemian German self-defense, while the Czechoslovak army, having status of an
1930:
2331:
3525:: "Die Ausweitung des Konfliktes zum förmlichen Krieg zwischen Deutschösterreich und der Tschechoslowakei war jedoch mit den gesamtsataatlichen Zielen unvereinbar. Deutschösterreich unterstand den Bedingungen des Wafenstillstandes, während andereseits die Tschehslowakei zu den verbündeten Siegersaaten zählte und daher ihre Armee als Ententeheer laut Waffenstilland Beweungsfreiheit in ganz Österreich-Ungarn genoss
3509:: "Schon am 30. Oktober 1918 erreichten den Statsrat erste Meldungen über die teschcische und südslawische Besetzung zweisprachiger Orte entlang der Sprachgrenze. Kaum war der Entschluß zu den Provinzgründungen publik, da begann die tschechische Besetzung von mehrheitlich- oder ausschließlich-deutschen Orten an der Peripherie des deutschen Anspruchsgebiets"
3493:: "Czech political leaders claimed the entire Bohemian crown lands, including majority German-speaking areas, for Czechoslovakia. In the nineteenth century, Czech nationalist activists had used Bohemia’s historical status as an independent kingdom to argue for Bohemian states rights (Staatsrecht/státní pravo) within the Habsburg Empire"
1917:, ostensibly creating equality between the Austrian and Hungarian halves of the empire. An attempt by the Czechs to create a tripartite monarchy (Austria-Hungary-Bohemia) failed in 1871. The "state-rights program" remained the official platform of all Czech political parties (except for social democrats) until 1918.
1906:) became the official political program of both Czech liberal politicians and the majority of Bohemian aristocracy ("state rights program"), while parties representing the German minority and small part of the aristocracy proclaimed their loyalty to the centralist Constitution (so-called "Verfassungstreue").
1819:
In the so-called "renewed constitution" of 1627, German was established as a second official language in the Czech lands. Czech formally remained the first language in the kingdom, but both German and Latin were widely spoken among the ruling classes, although German became increasingly dominant, and
1276:
sharply declined, as it did in
Bavaria. The influence of the central Fraganeo-Czechs grew, as a result of the important cultic center in their territory. They were Slavic-speaking, thus contributed to the transformation of diverse neighboring populations into a new nation named and led by them with a
3277:
The second detail in
Constantine's account, which supposedly points to the eastern Carpathians, is his reference to a 'place called Boiki (Boiki)' on the border with the White Serbs; for a long time this was considered – and some consider it still – to be a reference to the Ukrainian Boikos. That is
1780:
of Prague, were executed on the Prague's Old Town Square on 21 June 1621, and the rest were exiled from the country; their lands were then given to
Catholic loyalists (mostly of Bavarian and Saxon origin). That ended the pro-reformation movement in Bohemia and also ended the role of Prague as ruling
2190:
provided for higher administrative units to be established, providing for the possibility of
Bohemia as an administrative unit, but did not specify the form they would take. A constitutional act in 1997 rejected the restoration of self-governing historical Czech lands, and decided for the regional
1920:
Under the state-rights program, appealing to the stability of
Bohemia's borders over many centuries, the Czech emancipation movement claimed the right to the whole of the Bohemian lands over the Germans' right to the lands, amounting to a third of Bohemia, where they formed the majority.
2310:
cities, which were also under
Bohemian rule, and had closer economic interests with those cities since. Žitava was not formally annexed from Bohemia to Upper Lusatia, however, it shared the history of Upper Lusatia since, and was annexed from the Kingdom of Bohemia by the
2120:, Soviet and Romanian troops captured the region, which was then restored to Czechoslovakia. After the war ended in 1945, after initial plans to cede lands to Germany or to create German-speaking cantons had been abandoned, the vast majority of the Bohemian Germans were
2249:
regions. In addition to their use in the names of the regions, the historical land names remain in use in names of municipalities, cadastral areas, railway stations or geographical names. The distinction and border between the Czech lands is also preserved in
1570:
prior to the journey. Hus was invited to attend the council to defend himself and the Czech positions in the religious court, but with the emperor's approval, he was executed on 6 July 1415. The execution of Hus, as well as five consecutive papal
1142:, after they had suffered defeat to Roman forces in Germany. He took advantage of the natural defenses provided by its mountains and forests. They were able to maintain a strong alliance with neighboring tribes, including (at different times) the
1641:
was elected to ascend to the
Bohemian throne. He is remembered for his attempt to set up a pan-European "Christian League", which would form all the states of Europe into a community based on religion. In the process of negotiating, he appointed
1586:
of
Trocnov. As the leader of the Hussite armies, he used innovative tactics and weapons, such as howitzers, pistols, and fortified wagons, which were revolutionary for the time, and established Žižka as a great general who never lost a battle.
1846:
movement, in cooperation with part of the
Bohemian aristocracy, started a campaign for restoration of the kingdom's historic rights, whereby Czech was to regain its historical role and replace German as the language of administration. The
1121:
into southern France, which was one of the events leading to the interventions of Julius Caesar's Gaulish campaign of 58 BC. The emigration of the Helvetii and Boii left southern Germany and Bohemia a lightly inhabited "desert" into which
2158:
In February 1948, the non-communist members of the government resigned in protest against arbitrary measures by the communists and their Soviet protectors in many of the state's institutions. Gottwald and the communists responded with a
1231:
ones. These are precursors of today's Czechs, but the exact amount of Slavic immigration is a subject of debate. The Slavic influx was divided into two or three waves. The first wave came from the southeast and east, when the Germanic
2326:
In 1945, some 4000 Czechs were registered in Zittau, and formed a Czech National Committee. The Czechs made an attempt to reintegrate the city with Bohemia, and thus Czechoslovakia, but the efforts were decisively rejected in 1948.
3768:
2163:
and installed a pro-Soviet authoritarian state. In 1949, Bohemia ceased to be an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia, as the country was divided into administrative regions that did not follow the historical borders.
1311:(r. 870–894). After Svatopluk's death Great Moravia was weakened by years of internal conflict and constant warfare, ultimately collapsing and fragmenting because of the continual incursions of the invading nomadic
1594:
took over the command for the army, and under his lead the Hussites were victorious for another ten years, to the sheer terror of Europe. The Hussite cause gradually splintered into two main factions, the moderate
1126:
peoples arrived, speaking Germanic languages, and became dominant over remaining Celtic groups. To the south, over the Danube, the Romans extended their empire, and to the southeast, in present-day Hungary, were
1646:
to tour the European courts and to conduct the talks. However, the negotiations were not completed because George's position was substantially damaged over time by his deteriorating relationship with the Pope.
1490:
From the 13th century on, settlements of Germans developed throughout Bohemia, making Bohemia a bilingual country. The German settlers particularly brought mining technology to the mountainous regions of the
1185:). Many Suebic tribes from the Bohemian region took part in such movements westwards, even settling as far away as Spain and Portugal. With them were also tribes who had pushed from the east, such as the
423:
2797:
2778:
2759:
2734:
2714:
2695:
2676:
2657:
2638:
2615:
2596:
2572:
2553:
2534:
404:
3503:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: Vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei - die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
2093:
Any open opposition to German occupation was brutally suppressed by the Nazi authorities, and many Czech patriots were executed as a result. In 1942, the Czechoslovak resistance carried out the
3519:
Hans Mommsen; Dušan Kováč; Jiří Malíř, eds. (2001). "Im Widerstreit der Selbstbestimmungsansprüche: vom Habsburgerstaat zur Tschechoslowakei–die Deutschen der böhmischen Länder 1918 bis 1919".
1863:, many Czech nationalists called for autonomy for Bohemia from Habsburg Austria, but the revolutionaries were defeated. At the same time, German-speaking towns elected representatives for the
397:
761:
Bohemia had an area of 52,065 km (20,102 sq mi), and today is home to about 6.9 million of the Czech Republic's 10.9 million inhabitants. Bohemia was bordered in the south by
539:
until the end of World War II, after which Bohemia became part of the restored Czechoslovakia. In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the
3162:
3151:
4057:
3765:
1257:
3740:
3072:
562:), which do not follow the borders of the historical Czech lands (or the regions from the 1960 and 2000 reforms). However, the three lands are mentioned in the preamble of the
1706:
Bohemia enjoyed religious freedom between 1436 and 1620 and became one of the most liberal countries of the Christian world during that period. In 1609, Holy Roman Emperor
2121:
1660:
1656:
3054:
3541::"By mid-December, the borderlands were firmly under Czechoslovak control. A Czechoslovak state with the historic borders of the Bohemian crown was a fait accomplit"
3043:
2965:
3223:
2199:
at the time, remained one of the main advocates of the land system, claiming that the primary reason for its refusal was the fear of possible Moravian separatism.
1887:
elected conservative representatives. The old Bohemian Diet, one of the last remnants of the independence, was dissolved, although Czech experienced a rebirth as
4050:
2427:", the area should go over to Czechoslovakia instead of being assigned to Poland, as no relevant Polish minority lived in the area. Pressure brought on by the
862:. Afterward, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps. Much later Roman authors refer to the area they had once occupied (the "desert of the Boii" as
1757:
Protestant, was elected by the Bohemian nobility to replace Ferdinand on the Bohemian throne and was known as the Winter King. Frederick's wife, the popular
3794:, List of railway stations, České dráhy (Czech railways) – search for "v Čechách" (17×), "na Moravě" (15×), "Český", "České", "Moravský", "Moravské", etc.
2090:, in which men and women, mostly Polish and Jewish, but also Czechs, Russians, and other people, were similarly imprisoned and subjected to forced labor.
196:
2083:
3089:
1416:
in 1241. Germans settled primarily along the northern, western, and southern borders of Bohemia, although many lived in towns throughout the kingdom.
4226:
4138:
4043:
3555:(in Czech). Paris Karviná in association with the Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague. pp. 111–112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–209.
1244:'s tribal confederation. His death marked the end of the old "Slavonic" confederation, the second attempt to establish such a Slavonic union after
2911:
2117:
1455:
His reign brought Bohemia to its peak both politically and in total area, resulting in his being the first king of Bohemia to also be elected as
1377:
of the Holy Roman Empire, with the promise that he hold it as a vassal once he reoccupied Prague with a German army in 1004, ending the rule of
2196:
1859:, who introduced minor language concessions, showed promise for the Czech movement, but many of these reforms were later rescinded. During the
1330:. The alliance was facilitated by Bohemia's conversion to Christianity, in the 9th century. Continuing close relations were developed with the
4113:
3159:
3148:
2990:
2007:, Czechoslovakia became a liberal democratic republic, but serious issues emerged regarding the Czech majority's relationship with the native
4088:
3806:
1269:
means "people of-"). Christianity first appeared in the early 9th century, but became dominant only much later, in the 10th or 11th century.
3386:
Wielu spośród nich osiedlili królowie węgierscy u zachodnich granic swego królestwa; morze Ciemne = Bałtyk; Boiki = Bohemia, czyli Czechy...
2055:
1117:
known to the Romans for their migrations and settlement in northern Italy and other places. Another part of the nation moved west with the
3748:
3355:
These, he says, descended from the unbaptized Serbs who were also called "white" and lived in a place called by them "Boiki" (Bohemia)...
3069:
1286:
3182:
3013:
1860:
1839:
and the centralization of rule, which essentially meant the merging of the Royal Bohemian Chancellery with the Austrian Chancellery.
509:
1436:
accepted the invitation to the Bohemian throne with the marriage to the Přemyslid heiress, Elizabeth and the crowning subsequent of
4221:
2409:
1261:, Bavaria, 800–850) divide the population of Bohemia into the Merehani, Marharaii, Beheimare (Bohemani), and Fraganeo. (The suffix
4004:
3404:
2059:
2035:, a puppet state of Nazi Germany. From 1939 to 1945, Bohemia (without the Sudetenland), together with Moravia, formed the German
1412:. The mid-13th century had the beginning of substantial German immigration, as the court sought to replace losses from the brief
1389:
1326:
The Přemyslids secured their frontiers after the collapse of the Moravian state by entering into a state of semivassalage to the
4035:
2415:
The last attempt occurred in May 1945, when Czechoslovakia tried to annex the area. The Czechs argued that because of the small
1836:
3717:
Wołek, Karol (2020). "The liberation of the German concentration camp in Holýšov, Czech Republic, by the Polish Armed Forces".
4008:
3991:
3976:
3585:
3560:
3258:
2075:
1762:
3408:
3373:
3342:
3297:
3264:
2431:
led to a ceasing of military operations, with the Czech minority being expelled to Germany and Czechoslovakia. According to
1979:
As a result, the totality of Bohemia (as the largest and most populous land) became the core of the newly formed country of
4102:
3905:
2440:
1365:. Bohemia would remain a largely autonomous state under the Holy Roman Empire for several decades. The jurisdiction of the
179:
3040:
2315:
in 1635. The coat of arms of Zittau is a remnant of the city's ties to both Bohemia and Lower Silesia, as it contains the
2036:
1914:
536:
516:, defying claims of the German-speaking inhabitants that regions with German-speaking majority should be included in the
2902:
2187:
2102:
2094:
2031:. The remnants of Bohemia and Moravia were then annexed by Germany in 1939, while the Slovak lands became the separate
563:
2067:
1077:
3954:
3787:
3437:
3336:
3217:
3136:
1096:
372:
2071:
1049:
3826:
Metzig, Gregor M. (2010). "Sigismund I. und der Oberlausitzer Sechsstädtebund in den Hussitenkriegen (1419–1437)".
1903:
1730:
17:
2066:
POWs, and the Ilag IV camp for interned civilians from western Allied countries in the region. There were also 17
2032:
1696:
1688:
97:
2446:
Capitalizing on interest regarding the Kladsko area in the Czech national psyche, a special tourist area in the
2087:
1856:
1761:
and subsequently, Elizabeth of Bohemia, known as the Winter Queen or Queen of Hearts, was the daughter of King
1445:
1056:
1034:
211:
1643:
1630:, declaring peace and freedom between Catholics and Utraquists. It lasted for only a short period of time, as
558:). Since then, administrative reforms have replaced self-governing lands with a modified system of "regions" (
3632:
2230:
2106:
1852:
1746:
1707:
1622:
Despite an apparent victory for the Catholics, the Bohemian Utraquists were still strong enough to negotiate
1567:
202:
104:
4216:
1750:
1726:
1530:
of Charles University and a prominent reformer and religious thinker, influenced the rise of modern Czech.
1449:
1374:
1354:
855:
532:
325:
115:
3941:
2830:
1316:
1063:
458:
4022:
3450:
Arnold Suppan (2008). ""Germans" in the Austrian Empire and in the Monarchy". In Ingrao; Szabo (eds.).
2845:
2840:
2227:
2219:
2113:
1961:
1213:
977:
884:
28 (written at the end of the first century AD), and later mentions of the same name are in Strabo and
833:
801:(also part of the Czech Republic). Bohemia's borders were mostly marked by mountain ranges such as the
517:
2882:
1784:
1522:, influencing the foundations of modern standard German. At the same time and place, the teachings of
4153:
2862:
2851:
1413:
1327:
981:
859:
548:
462:
4172:
1045:
986:
3692:
3111:
2987:
2886:
2857:
2023:
in 1938, the border regions of Bohemia historically inhabited predominantly by ethnic Germans (the
1769:
1370:
1030:
941:
540:
416:
225:
31:
3803:
3580:. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 128, 362, 417, 565.
3578:
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV
3253:. Translated by Marta Skorupsky. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 161–162.
3103:
1227:
tribes arrived from the east, and their language began to replace the older Germanic, Celtic, and
122:
4065:
2489:
2207:
1385:
1204:, is from the fourth century, and she was thought to have lived in or near Pannonia. The Suebian
1023:
893:
184:
3604:
3474:
Als die Deutschen weg waren Was nach der Vertreibung geschah: Ostpreußen, Sudetenland, Schlesien
1378:
2063:
1899:
1848:
1843:
1619:
in 1434. Sigismund said after the battle that "only the Bohemians could defeat the Bohemians."
1349:
After a decisive victory of the Holy Roman Empire and Bohemia over invading Magyars in the 955
429:
71:
4127:
2959:
1638:
3537:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3489:
Changing Places: Society, Culture, and Territory in the Saxon-Bohemian Borderlands, 1870-1946
3205:
2436:
2299:
2246:
2238:
2047:
1965:
1894:
In 1861, a new elected Bohemian Diet was established. The renewal of the old Bohemian Crown (
1699:
of Austria became the new king of Bohemia, and the country became a constituent state of the
1401:
1159:
304:
1566:. The verdict was passed despite the fact that Hus was granted formal protection by Emperor
3009:
2312:
1888:
1864:
1758:
1742:
1665:
1615:
and yearning for order, the Utraquists were able to eventually defeat the Taborites in the
1555:
1397:
1249:
314:
3178:
1937:
1676:
1611:
and found the more radical views of the Taborites distasteful. Additionally, with general
1320:
1296:
167:
8:
3946:
3244:
2591:
2215:
2000:
1910:
1623:
1538:
1519:
1433:
885:
1692:
554:
Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its "lands" (
2522:
2393:
2004:
1895:
1789:
1777:
1456:
1350:
1335:
821:
489:
2447:
2242:
3987:
3972:
3950:
3835:
3722:
3581:
3556:
3433:
3332:
3254:
3213:
3132:
3051:
2819:
2347:
2203:
2176:
2172:
2125:
1806:
1714:
at the time, himself a Roman Catholic, was moved by the Bohemian nobility to publish
1711:
1700:
1627:
1527:
1437:
1424:
1366:
1343:
1315:. Bohemia's initial incorporation into the Moravian Empire resulted in the extensive
1070:
497:
493:
450:
442:
288:
2548:
2475:
2420:
2397:
1200:. The last known mention of the Kingdom of the Marcomanni, concerning a queen named
1177:, two new Suebic groupings appeared to the west of Bohemia in southern Germany, the
4211:
3505:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken, und Deutschen
2510:
2234:
2168:
2141:
2020:
1616:
1591:
1220:
1166:
and sometimes in conflict with it; for example, in the second century, they fought
995:
931:
481:
437:
340:
3521:
Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Beziehungen zwischen Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutschen
2463:
3810:
3791:
3772:
3421:
Serbów balkañskich znajdowala siç w kraju zwanym u nich Boiki (Bohemia=Czechy)...
3398:
3367:
3326:
3322:
3291:
3248:
3166:
3155:
3076:
3058:
3047:
2994:
2906:
2835:
2801:
2782:
2763:
2738:
2718:
2699:
2680:
2661:
2652:
2642:
2619:
2600:
2576:
2557:
2538:
2303:
2124:
by the order of the re-established Czechoslovak central government, based on the
2109:
in Saxony and Silesia, and Allied POWs from camps in Austria reached the region.
2098:
2008:
1957:
1832:
1738:
1608:
1499:), famous coins called Joachimsthalers were coined, which gave their name to the
1167:
935:
880:
863:
810:
802:
501:
408:
172:
3913:
2498:
2401:
2385:
2211:
2062:, British, Belgian, Serbian, Dutch, Slovak, Soviet, Romanian, Italian and other
1319:. A native monarchy arose to the throne, and Bohemia came under the rule of the
4067:
3878:
2925:
2479:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2405:
2365:
2357:
2271:
2251:
2223:
2183:
1980:
1969:
1583:
1460:
1362:
1224:
1114:
843:
544:
513:
454:
390:
382:
230:
217:
57:
3296:. Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Görög Filoĺ́ogiai Intézet. pp. 130–131.
2450:
has been designated as the Kladsko Borderland Tourist Area (tourism district;
1835:
approved administrative reform in 1749. It included the indivisibility of the
1404:(king from 1253 to 1278) conquered a short-lived empire that contained modern
4205:
4187:
4174:
4146:
3839:
3726:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2316:
2307:
2298:
in 1319–1346). Žitava was a Bohemian royal city, granted city rights by King
2295:
2079:
1992:
1988:
1831:
The formal independence of Bohemia was further jeopardized when the Bohemian
1671:
1612:
1511:
1476:
1472:
1304:
1223:, Bohemia was partially repopulated around the sixth century, and eventually
806:
766:
762:
485:
470:
4013:
2097:, and in reprisal German forces murdered the population of a whole village,
3766:
Dnešním politikům chybí odvaha, tvrdí Petr Pithart. Z uprchlíků strach nemá
2899:
2428:
2424:
2192:
2152:
2043:
2028:
1968:
army, could freely operate. The absorption of the German-speaking areas in
1868:
1773:
1631:
1576:
1575:
against followers of Hus, forced the Bohemians to defend themselves in the
1515:
1339:
1331:
1163:
961:
951:
839:
521:
237:
152:
4029:
3784:
3250:
History of Ukraine-Rus'. Volume 1: From Prehistory to the Eleventh Century
2376:
was culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia but was also a part of
2186:
in 1993, the territory of Bohemia remained in the Czech Republic. The new
2171:
became the first saint from a Central European country to be canonized by
137:
4072:
4017:
2825:
2567:
2320:
2291:
2147:
2144:, the communist leader, became prime minister of a coalition government.
2051:
2024:
1960:
demanded that the regions with German-speaking majority be included in a
1953:
1384:
The first to use the title of "King of Bohemia" were the Přemyslid dukes
1308:
1273:
1174:
566:: "We, citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia..."
525:
505:
82:
3657:
2928:
between adjectives referring to Bohemia and to the Czech Republic; i.e.
2754:
1496:
2404:
River was the focus of several attempts to reincorporate the area into
1823:
1734:
1604:
1484:
1323:, which would rule the Czech lands for the next several hundred years.
1291:
1245:
1240:
568 AD). Soon after, from the 630s to 660s, the territory was taken by
1228:
1209:
1205:
1151:
1135:
1037: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2610:
2529:
2494:
2353:
457:. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical
2432:
2105:
of prisoners of several subcamps of the Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen and
1754:
1596:
1543:
1480:
1182:
1139:
295:
2629:
2136:
The Communist Party won the most votes in free elections, but not a
1582:
The uprising against imperial forces was led by a former mercenary,
1012:
4020:
discussion with Norman Davies, Karin Friedrich and Robert Pynsent (
3864:(in German). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. p. 546–547, 643.
3247:(1997) . Andrzej Poppe; Frank E. Sysyn; Uliana M. Pasiczny (eds.).
2137:
2082:
and of several other ethnicities, were imprisoned and subjected to
1996:
1929:
1600:
1572:
1409:
1233:
1201:
1197:
1178:
1155:
1118:
2792:
2773:
2749:
2709:
2514:
Lands of the Bohemian Crown (until 1635), map by Josef Pekař, 1921
2330:
1547:
1258:
Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii
968:, who settled in the area during the sixth or seventh century AD.
142:
4120:
3576:
Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022).
3518:
3502:
2586:
2279:
1984:
1880:
1872:
1559:
1523:
1492:
1468:
1464:
1405:
1358:
1312:
1186:
1128:
991:
927:
875:
798:
794:
786:
778:
774:
770:
466:
283:
2729:
2690:
2633:
2416:
2373:
2335:
2287:
2267:
1563:
1504:
1500:
965:
867:
818:
790:
782:
321:
300:
242:
147:
520:. Between 1938 and 1945, these border regions were annexed to
355:
2671:
1884:
1680:
1190:
1147:
1143:
1123:
958:
847:
3658:"Buchenwald war überall - Projekt »Netzwerk der Außenlager«"
2518:
2206:, and its administration is divided between Prague and the
1876:
1393:
1272:
The 9th century was crucial for the future of Bohemia. The
1241:
1110:
851:
814:
364:
361:
346:
3775:, Lidovky.cz, 17 October 2015, interview with Petr Pithart
1733:(later Holy Roman Emperor) began oppressing the rights of
3721:(in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 13. pp. 117–118.
3321:
3906:"Story Landscape – Kladsko Borderland, Glatz Borderlan"
3813:(Geomorphologic areas of the Czech Republic), KČT Tábor
3210:
The Baiuvarii and Thuringi: An ethnographic Perspective
3092:(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
2078:, Soviet and Jewish, but also French, Yugoslav, Czech,
957:
The Czech name "Čechy" is derived from the name of the
2505:
1933:
Bohemia (westernmost area) in Czechoslovakia 1918–1938
1661:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1648–1867)
1657:
History of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1526–1648)
1607:
began to lay the groundwork for an agreement with the
1452:, Central Europe's first university, two years later.
1373:
was granted fief of the Kingdom of Bohemia by Emperor
1109:
Bohemia, like neighboring Bavaria, is named after the
2014:
1392:(1158), but their heirs would return to the title of
1303:
Bohemia was made a part of the early Slavic state of
990:
An 1892 map showing Bohemia proper outlined in pink,
473:, in which case the smaller region is referred to as
373:
3575:
3123:
3121:
3035:
3033:
3031:
1487:, and several small towns scattered around Germany.
1212:, via the Elbe and Pannonia to Italy, recorded in a
343:
3862:
Geschichte des Oberlausitzer Adels und seiner Güter
3243:
3090:"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011"
2195:, former Czech prime minister and president of the
1772:in 1620, 27 Bohemian estates leaders together with
813:; the Bohemian-Moravian border roughly follows the
358:
352:
349:
63:
3432:Petr Charvát: "Zrod Českého státu" , March 2007,
3118:
3079:, 1/1993 Sb. (Constitution of the Czech Republic)
3028:
2949:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05
888:. The name appears to consist of the tribal name
547:, which became a separate state in 1993 with the
4203:
3967:Panek, Jaroslav; Tuma, Oldrich (2nd ed., 2019).
3372:. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 1999. p. 163.
1495:. In the mining town of Sankt Joachimsthal (now
1138:and other Suebic groups were led by their king,
3962:Bohemia and Moravia: An Architectural Companion
3289:
2883:"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024"
1162:, which was sometimes partly controlled by the
926:was apparently isolated to the area where King
3472:von Arburg, Adrian. "Abschied und Neubeginn".
3237:
1181:(in the Helvetian desert), and the Bavarians (
4051:
3449:
3283:
3041:Krajské uspořádání? Vadí i po čtrnácti letech
2396:in 1763. Referred to as "Little Prague", the
1820:Czech was spoken in much of the countryside.
1634:declared the compacts to be invalid in 1462.
1448:, became King of Bohemia in 1346. He founded
3539:. University of Michigan Press. p. 103.
3491:. University of Michigan Press. p. 100.
2964:. The Macmillan Company. 1902. p. 331.
2912:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2419:minority present in the western part of the
1913:in 1866, Hungarian politicians achieved the
1562:was sentenced to be burnt at the stake as a
1396:. The title of king became hereditary under
531:The remainder of Czech territory became the
201:Bohemia (green) overlapped with the current
3315:
2003:into one state. Under its first president,
1941:Linguistic map of interwar Czechoslovakia (
1710:, who made Prague again the capital of the
1208:, who moved over many generations from the
939:
49:
4058:
4044:
1428:The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia
1287:History of Bohemia in the High Middle Ages
4030:Travel Destinations and Sights in Bohemia
3828:Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
3760:
3758:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
2501:, which is referred to as "Little Prague"
1097:Learn how and when to remove this message
4227:Historical regions in the Czech Republic
3129:The Celts: Origins, Myth, and Inventions
3104:"Results of the 2021 Census - Open data"
2509:
2488:
2329:
2290:were initially a part of Bohemia in the
2191:system that has been in use since 2000.
2146:
1936:
1928:
1822:
1798:in 1618 with other Bohemian Crown lands
1783:
1664:
1626:in 1436. That happened in the so-called
1537:
1423:
1290:
985:
512:, the whole of Bohemia became a part of
3903:
3550:
3534:
3486:
3454:. Purdue University Press. p. 156.
1196:Other groups pushed southwards towards
543:. In 1990, the name was changed to the
488:, later an independent principality, a
257:52,065 km (20,102 sq mi)
27:Historical region in the Czech Republic
14:
4204:
3984:The Coasts of Bohemia: A Czech History
3873:
3871:
3859:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3755:
3733:
3471:
3458:
3004:
3002:
2074:, in which both men and women, mostly
1277:united "slavic" ethnic consciousness.
1173:In late classical times and the early
854:. The Romans defeated the Boii at the
583:
436:
4039:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3716:
3627:
3625:
3599:
3597:
3405:Poznań Society of Friends of Learning
3203:
1875:chose leftist representatives, while
1763:James I of England and VI of Scotland
1542:The radical Hussites became known as
1419:
793:, respectively), in the northeast by
535:and was subsequently occupied as the
415:
389:
4005:Province of Bohemia official website
3212:, Boydell & Brewer, p. 18,
3063:
2441:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Prague
2410:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
1865:first German Parliament at Frankfurt
1842:At the end of the 18th century, the
1650:
1035:adding citations to reliable sources
1006:
930:'s kingdom was centered, within the
846:with various peoples, including the
3868:
3816:
3411:from the original on 3 October 2023
3376:from the original on 3 October 2023
3345:from the original on 3 October 2023
3300:from the original on 3 October 2023
3267:from the original on 3 October 2023
3226:from the original on 3 October 2023
2999:
2968:from the original on 3 October 2023
2506:Historical administrative divisions
2302:in 1255. In 1346, it co-formed the
2037:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1915:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
1909:After the defeat of Austria in the
1134:In the area of modern Bohemia, the
537:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
24:
3932:
3846:
3622:
3594:
3185:from the original on 18 April 2003
2188:Constitution of the Czech Republic
2095:assassination of Reinhard Heydrich
2015:German occupation and World War II
1533:
1317:Christianization of the population
1280:
1002:
578:
564:Constitution of the Czech Republic
25:
4238:
3998:
3331:. Adolf M. Hakkert. p. 326.
3016:from the original on 20 June 2012
2875:
2458:). The area, entirely within the
2423:, which was called the region's "
2131:
1463:controlled such diverse lands as
1369:was definitively reasserted when
496:, and subsequently a part of the
449:) is the westernmost and largest
39:Historical land in Czech Republic
4152:
4137:
4126:
4112:
4101:
4087:
4066:
3682:Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 274
3328:Byzantium in the seventh century
2456:turistická oblast Kladské pomezí
2439:, the area remained part of the
1904:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
1768:After Frederick's defeat in the
1440:(in the Czech Republic known as
1011:
842:were competing for dominance in
797:(in Poland), and in the east by
339:
210:
195:
178:
166:
121:
114:
103:
96:
4222:Geography of the Czech Republic
3897:
3797:
3778:
3710:
3685:
3676:
3650:
3637:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
3569:
3544:
3528:
3512:
3496:
3480:
3443:
3426:
3391:
3360:
3206:"The Boii, Bavaria and Bohemia"
3197:
3171:
3141:
3096:
3082:
2257:
1781:city of the Holy Roman Empire.
1689:Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia
1022:needs additional citations for
916:), indicating a Proto-Germanic
3986:. Princeton University Press.
2980:
2952:
2943:
2918:
2893:
2306:along with five most dominant
2107:Buchenwald concentration camps
2088:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
2072:Flossenbürg concentration camp
2050:for Jews, the Dulag Luft Ost,
1924:
1479:, Brandenburg, an area around
874:. The earliest mention was by
838:In the second century BC, the
510:independent Czechoslovak state
13:
1:
3507:. Klartext. pp. 197–198.
3369:Acta archaeologica Carpathica
3290:Gyula Moravcsik, ed. (1949).
2988:Co vlastně slavíme 28. října?
2868:
1942:
1827:Detailed map of Bohemia, 1742
946:also mentioned the region as
203:regions of the Czech Republic
3969:A History of the Czech Lands
3050:, Deník.cz, 2 January 2014,
2961:The Cambridge Modern History
2462:, was formerly known as the
2384:in 1278–1290 and 1327–1341.
1891:developed among the Czechs.
1751:Electorate of the Palatinate
1718:, which confirmed the older
1450:Charles University in Prague
856:Battle of Placentia (194 BC)
827:
533:Second Czechoslovak Republic
508:and the establishment of an
7:
3942:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
3719:The Warsaw Institute Review
3633:"Subcamps of KL Groß-Rosen"
3609:KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
3551:Preclík, Vratislav (2019).
3131:. Tempus Publishing, 2003.
2924:There is no distinction in
2831:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2812:
2046:, the Germans operated the
1357:of Bohemia was granted the
1216:a time spent in "Bainaib".
477:as a means of distinction.
459:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
216:Location of Bohemia in the
10:
4243:
3785:Seznam železničních stanic
2846:History of the Czech lands
2841:Province of German Bohemia
2392:since its conquest by the
2345:
2341:
2286:) in modern south-eastern
2011:and Hungarian minorities.
1983:, which combined Bohemia,
1737:in Bohemia, the resulting
1654:
1342:, eventually becoming the
1334:, which devolved from the
1284:
978:History of the Czech lands
975:
971:
834:Name of the Czech Republic
831:
518:Republic of German-Austria
29:
4079:
3790:27 September 2016 at the
3771:27 September 2016 at the
3662:aussenlager-buchenwald.de
3535:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
3487:Murdock, Caitlin (2010).
3046:27 September 2016 at the
2863:List of Bohemian monarchs
2852:Kingdom Come: Deliverance
2388:has been again a part of
2380:under rule of the Polish
2262:
2241:region, and parts of the
2233:, as well as most of the
2101:. In the spring of 1945,
2086:, and 16 subcamps of the
1729:and then King of Bohemia
1414:Mongol invasion of Europe
982:History of Czechoslovakia
938:in his 10th-century work
860:Battle of Mutina (193 BC)
754:
596:—
549:breakup of Czechoslovakia
311:
294:
282:
274:
266:
261:
253:
248:
236:
224:
209:
194:
162:
136:From top, left to right:
89:
80:
44:
3860:Knothe, Hermann (1879).
3804:Geomorfologické celky ČR
3523:. Klartext. p. 203.
3452:The Germans and the East
3323:Andreas Nikolaou Stratos
3293:De administrando imperio
3165:24 February 2021 at the
3154:25 February 2021 at the
3112:Czech Statistical Office
2993:12 November 2017 at the
2905:23 November 2018 at the
2887:Czech Statistical Office
1770:Battle of White Mountain
1687:After the death of King
1669:Bohemia as the heart of
1550:that became their center
1295:The coat of arms of the
942:De Administrando Imperio
541:Czech Socialist Republic
32:Bohemia (disambiguation)
3741:"Portál veřejné správy"
3697:Liberation Route Europe
3181:. Thelatinlibrary.com.
3147:Pliny 3.146 and Strabo
3075:26 January 2018 at the
3057:27 January 2018 at the
2319:and the Lower Silesian
2202:Bohemia thus remains a
1741:led to outbreak of the
1568:Sigismund of Luxembourg
781:), and in the north by
446:
433:
278:130/km (340/sq mi)
64:
3693:"Liberation of Pilsen"
3204:Green, Dennis (2014),
3070:Ústava České republiky
3052:compare maps and texts
2805:
2786:
2767:
2742:
2722:
2703:
2684:
2665:
2646:
2623:
2604:
2580:
2561:
2542:
2521:of Bohemia during the
2515:
2502:
2497:, the capital city of
2483:
2471:
2455:
2369:
2361:
2338:
2283:
2275:
2155:
1949:
1934:
1900:Margraviate of Moravia
1849:enlightened absolutism
1844:Czech National Revival
1828:
1816:
1684:
1644:Zdeněk Lev of Rožmitál
1554:During the ecumenical
1551:
1514:intermediated between
1459:. Under his rule, the
1429:
1300:
999:
940:
900:"home" (whence Gothic
412:
386:
50:
4009:Czech Catholic Church
3982:Sayer, Derek (1998).
3904:interactive, inCUBE.
2858:Lech, Czech, and Rus'
2513:
2492:
2437:Roman Catholic Church
2333:
2300:Ottokar II of Bohemia
2150:
2056:prisoner-of-war camps
2048:Theresienstadt Ghetto
1940:
1932:
1826:
1787:
1668:
1599:and the more fanatic
1590:After Žižka's death,
1541:
1427:
1400:(1198). His grandson
1332:East Frankish Kingdom
1294:
989:
976:Further information:
570:Historical population
313: • Summer (
3964:. Faber & Faber.
3960:Knox, Brian (1962).
3938:Agnew, Hugh (2004).
3910:www.kladskepomezi.cz
3751:on 28 December 2019.
3407:. 2003. p. 13.
2313:Electorate of Saxony
2112:In May 1945, Allied
1889:romantic nationalism
1556:Council of Constance
1546:, after the town of
1483:called New Bohemia,
1444:) in 1310. His son,
1379:Bolesław I of Poland
1307:, under the rule of
1031:improve this article
934:. Byzantine Emperor
275: • Density
30:For other uses, see
4217:Geography of Europe
4184: /
3971:. Karolinum Press.
3940:The Czechs and the
3245:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3179:"Tacitus: Germania"
2372:) in south-western
2179:" later that year.
2001:Carpathian Ruthenia
1911:Austro-Prussian War
1716:Maiestas Rudolphina
1639:George of Poděbrady
1624:freedom of religion
1520:East Central German
1434:House of Luxembourg
886:Velleius Paterculus
571:
4032:at Amazing Czechia
3809:2 May 2016 at the
2523:Kingdom of Bohemia
2516:
2503:
2394:Kingdom of Prussia
2339:
2156:
2027:) were annexed to
1950:
1935:
1896:Kingdom of Bohemia
1861:Revolution of 1848
1829:
1817:
1790:Kingdom of Bohemia
1778:Charles University
1720:Confessio Bohemica
1695:in 1526, Archduke
1685:
1552:
1457:Holy Roman Emperor
1430:
1420:Luxembourg dynasty
1371:Jaromír of Bohemia
1361:by German emperor
1351:Battle of Lechfeld
1336:Carolingian Empire
1301:
1000:
773:), in the west by
569:
267: • Total
254: • Total
4167:
4166:
4162:
4161:
3992:978-0-69105-760-6
3977:978-8-02462-227-9
3587:978-0-253-06089-1
3562:978-80-87173-47-3
3260:978-1-895571-19-6
2820:Bohemian Rhapsody
2408:, one of several
2348:County of Kladsko
2204:historical region
2177:Velvet Revolution
2173:Pope John Paul II
2126:Potsdam Agreement
1807:Holy Roman Empire
1745:in 1618. Elector
1743:Thirty Years' War
1701:Habsburg monarchy
1677:Sebastian Münster
1651:Habsburg Monarchy
1628:Compacts of Basel
1438:John I of Bohemia
1367:Holy Roman Empire
1344:Holy Roman Empire
1321:Přemyslid dynasty
1299:(until 1253–1262)
1297:Přemyslid dynasty
1107:
1106:
1099:
1081:
759:
758:
498:Habsburg monarchy
494:Holy Roman Empire
451:historical region
438:[ˈtʃɪska]
417:[ˈbøːmən]
332:
331:
16:(Redirected from
4234:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4156:
4141:
4130:
4116:
4105:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4070:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4036:
4026:, 11 April 2002)
3945:. Hoover Press,
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3912:. Archived from
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3883:Hrádek nad Nisou
3875:
3866:
3865:
3857:
3844:
3843:
3823:
3814:
3801:
3795:
3782:
3776:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3747:. Archived from
3737:
3731:
3730:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3441:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3416:
3403:. Vol. 44.
3395:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3145:
3139:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3114:. 27 March 2021.
3100:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3067:
3061:
3037:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3006:
2997:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2922:
2916:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2800:
2781:
2762:
2737:
2717:
2698:
2679:
2660:
2641:
2618:
2599:
2575:
2556:
2537:
2484:Adršpašské skály
2352:The area around
2208:Central Bohemian
2169:Agnes of Bohemia
2142:Klement Gottwald
2021:Munich Agreement
1958:German Bohemians
1947:
1944:
1867:. Towns between
1814:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1776:, rector of the
1759:Elizabeth Stuart
1693:Battle of Mohács
1617:Battle of Lipany
1592:Prokop the Great
1221:Migration Period
1102:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1039:
1015:
1007:
996:Austrian Silesia
945:
932:Hercynian forest
789:(in Germany and
755:Source: Censuses
585:
580:
572:
568:
440:
427:
426:
425:
419:
407:
401:
400:
399:
393:
391:[ˈtʃɛxɪ]
377:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
318:
214:
199:
182:
170:
138:Karlštejn Castle
125:
118:
107:
100:
75:
67:
61:
53:
42:
41:
21:
18:Habsburg Bohemia
4242:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4132:
4124:
4107:
4099:
4075:
4064:
4001:
3935:
3933:Further reading
3930:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3916:on 3 April 2012
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3858:
3847:
3824:
3817:
3811:Wayback Machine
3802:
3798:
3792:Wayback Machine
3783:
3779:
3773:Wayback Machine
3763:
3756:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3574:
3570:
3563:
3553:Masaryk a legie
3549:
3545:
3533:
3529:
3517:
3513:
3501:
3497:
3485:
3481:
3470:
3459:
3448:
3444:
3431:
3427:
3414:
3412:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3379:
3377:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3348:
3346:
3339:
3320:
3316:
3303:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3227:
3220:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3167:Wayback Machine
3158:, but also see
3156:Wayback Machine
3149:7.1 290 and 292
3146:
3142:
3126:
3119:
3108:Public Database
3102:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3077:Wayback Machine
3068:
3064:
3059:Wayback Machine
3048:Wayback Machine
3038:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3000:
2995:Wayback Machine
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2923:
2919:
2907:Wayback Machine
2898:
2894:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2836:Flag of Bohemia
2815:
2796:
2777:
2758:
2733:
2713:
2694:
2675:
2656:
2637:
2614:
2595:
2571:
2552:
2533:
2508:
2448:Náchod District
2350:
2344:
2304:Lusatian League
2265:
2260:
2138:simple majority
2134:
2054:and Stalag 359
2033:Slovak Republic
2017:
1945:
1927:
1837:Habsburg Empire
1810:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1739:Bohemian Revolt
1663:
1655:Main articles:
1653:
1609:Catholic Church
1536:
1534:Hussite Bohemia
1442:Jan Lucemburský
1422:
1328:Frankish rulers
1289:
1283:
1281:Přemysl dynasty
1274:manorial system
1255:Other sources (
1168:Marcus Aurelius
1103:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1016:
1005:
1003:Ancient Bohemia
994:in yellow, and
984:
974:
936:Constantine VII
836:
830:
811:Giant Mountains
803:Bohemian Forest
502:Austrian Empire
421:
420:
403:
395:
394:
375:
342:
338:
312:
220:
205:
190:
189:
188:
187:
176:
175:
158:
157:
131:
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128:
127:
126:
119:
110:
109:
108:
101:
85:
83:Historical land
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62:
55:
47:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4240:
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4159:
4144:
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4077:
4076:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4034:
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4027:
4011:
4000:
3999:External links
3997:
3996:
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3400:Slavia antiqua
3390:
3359:
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3314:
3282:
3259:
3236:
3218:
3196:
3170:
3140:
3127:Collis, John.
3117:
3095:
3081:
3062:
3039:Petr Jeřábek:
3027:
2998:
2979:
2951:
2942:
2917:
2892:
2889:. 17 May 2024.
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2608:
2592:Hradec Králové
2589:
2584:
2565:
2546:
2507:
2504:
2493:A panorama of
2476:Adršpach rocks
2460:Czech Republic
2421:Kłodzko Valley
2406:Czechoslovakia
2400:region on the
2398:Kłodzko Valley
2346:Main article:
2343:
2340:
2334:A panorama of
2308:Upper Lusatian
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:local dialects
2247:South Moravian
2239:South Bohemian
2228:Hradec Králové
2220:Ústí nad Labem
2184:Velvet Divorce
2151:Bohemian city
2133:
2132:Recent history
2130:
2019:Following the
2016:
2013:
1981:Czechoslovakia
1970:Czechoslovakia
1926:
1923:
1725:After Emperor
1652:
1649:
1535:
1532:
1461:Bohemian crown
1421:
1418:
1363:Otto the Great
1285:Main article:
1282:
1279:
1236:left Bohemia (
1214:tribal history
1105:
1104:
1019:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1001:
973:
970:
894:Proto-Germanic
870:called it) as
850:-Celtic tribe
844:northern Italy
829:
826:
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756:
752:
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748:
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545:Czech Republic
514:Czechoslovakia
480:Bohemia was a
475:Bohemia proper
463:Bohemian kings
455:Czech Republic
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4215:
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4209:
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4197:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4147:Czech Silesia
4143:
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4131:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4115:
4109:
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3956:
3955:0-8179-4491-5
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3884:
3880:
3879:"20. století"
3874:
3872:
3863:
3856:
3854:
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3759:
3750:
3746:
3745:portal.gov.cz
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3446:
3439:
3438:80-7021-845-2
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3338:9789025607487
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3219:9781843839156
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3184:
3180:
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3138:
3137:0-7524-2913-2
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2788:
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2772:
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2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:Podbrdsko at
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2686:
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2659:
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2640:
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2628:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2598:
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2578:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:Jiráskův kraj
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:Lower Silesia
2387:
2383:
2382:Piast dynasty
2379:
2378:Lower Silesia
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:Bohemian lion
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:Lower Silesia
2294:(and briefly
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
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2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
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2194:
2189:
2185:
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2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
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2154:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:death marches
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
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2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:Tomáš Masaryk
2002:
1998:
1995:(present-day
1994:
1993:Upper Hungary
1990:
1989:Czech Silesia
1986:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1974:fait accompli
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1939:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1890:
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1740:
1736:
1732:
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1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1672:Europa regina
1667:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:war-weariness
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Prague German
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Lower Lusatia
1474:
1473:Upper Lusatia
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:Vladislaus II
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:King Henry II
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Great Moravia
1298:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1247:
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1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1115:Celtic nation
1112:
1101:
1098:
1090:
1087:November 2022
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048: –
1047:
1043:
1042:Find sources:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1020:This section
1018:
1014:
1009:
1008:
997:
993:
988:
983:
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865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
825:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Ore Mountains
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Lower Austria
764:
753:
749:
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732:
731:
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538:
534:
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527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Great Moravia
483:
478:
476:
472:
471:Czech Silesia
468:
464:
461:ruled by the
460:
456:
452:
448:
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1340:East Francia
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1164:Roman Empire
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1029:Please help
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4023:In Our Time
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3664:(in German)
3189:19 November
2986:Jiří Pehe:
2932:means both
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2748:Prácheň at
2562:Jungbunzlau
2466:'s Region (
2321:Piast Eagle
2292:Middle Ages
2161:coup d'état
2052:Stalag IV-C
2025:Sudetenland
1954:World War I
1946: 1930
1925:Interbellum
1873:Reichenberg
1805:within the
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1697:Ferdinand I
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4206:Categories
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3642:5 November
3614:5 November
3605:"Subcamps"
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