118:, but Reynolds, realizing how much Hamilton had to lose if the activity came into public view, insisted on monetary compensation instead. After Hamilton had shown unequivocal signs that he wanted to end the affair in autumn 1791, Hamilton received two letters on December 15, 1791, one each from Mrs. and Mr. Reynolds. The first letter, from Maria, warned of her husband's knowledge and of James' attempting to blackmail Hamilton. By then, Hamilton discontinued the affair and briefly ceased to visit, but both James and Maria were apparently involved in the blackmailing scheme, as both sent letters inviting Hamilton to continue his visits. After extorting $ 1000 in exchange for secrecy over Hamilton's adultery, James Reynolds rethought his request for Hamilton to cease his relationship with Maria and wrote inviting him to renew his visits "as a friend," only to extort forced "loans" after each visit, which the most-likely-colluding Maria solicited with her letters. By May 2, 1792, James changed his mind again and requested for Hamilton to stop seeing his wife but not before James had received additional payment. In the end, the blackmail payments totaled over $ 1,300 including the initial extortion (equivalent to $ 31,000 in 2023).
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72:, about a third of his annual income. In 1797, Hamilton publicly admitted to the affair after his political enemies attacked and accused him of financial corruption during his time as the Treasury Secretary. Hamilton responded by writing, "The charge against me is a connection with one James Reynolds for purposes of improper pecuniary speculation. My real crime is an amorous connection with his wife, for a considerable time with his privity and connivance."
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him into her bedroom. He later recounted, "I took the bill out of my pocket and gave it to her. Some conversation ensued from which it was quickly apparent that other than pecuniary consolation would be acceptable." The two began an illicit affair that would last, with varying frequency, until approximately June 1792.
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While his candor was admired, the affair severely damaged his reputation. While
Hamilton's admitted affair served to confirm rival Jefferson's conviction that he was untrustworthy, it did nothing to change Washington's opinion of him, who still held him in "very high esteem" and still viewed him as
102:
to request his help and financial aid by claiming that her husband, James, had abandoned her. Hamilton did not have any money on him, so he retrieved her address to deliver the funds in person. Once
Hamilton arrived at the boarding house at which Maria was lodging, she brought him upstairs and led
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In
November 1792, after James Reynolds was jailed for participation in a scheme involving unpaid back wages intended for Revolutionary War veterans, he used his own knowledge about Hamilton's sex affair to bargain his way out of his own troubles. Reynolds knew that Hamilton would have to choose
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Hamilton confronted Monroe over the leakage of the supposedly-confidential documents. Monroe denied any responsibility. Hamilton came very close to calling Monroe a liar, and Monroe retorted that
Hamilton was a scoundrel and challenged him to a duel. The duel was averted by the intercession of
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Apparently convinced that
Hamilton was not guilty of the charge of public misconduct, Monroe, Venable, and Muhlenberg agreed not to make public the information and documents on the Reynolds Affair. Monroe and his colleagues assured Hamilton that the matter was settled. However, Monroe sent the
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were the first men to hear of this possible corruption within the nation's new government, and on
December 15, 1792, they decided to confront Hamilton personally with the information that they had received, supported by the notes of Hamilton's payments to Reynolds that Maria had given them to
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Observations on
Certain Documents Contained in No. V & VI of "The History of the United States for the Year 1796," In which the Charge of Speculation Against Alexander Hamilton, Late Secretary of the Treasury, is Fully
114:, Hamilton goes as far as to argue that James Reynolds, along with his wife, had conspired the scheme to "extort money from me." The common practice in the day was for the wronged husband to seek retribution in a pistol
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Over the course of those months, while the affair took place, James
Reynolds was well aware of his wife's unfaithfulness. He continually supported their relationship to gain regular blackmail money from Hamilton.
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Also in 1797, when
Hamilton no longer held the post of Secretary of the Treasury, the details of his relationship with Maria and James Reynolds came to light in a series of pamphlets authored by the journalist
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Denying any financial impropriety, Hamilton revealed the true nature of his relationship with the
Reynoldses in all of its unsavory details. He turned over the letters from both of them.
892:
Cerniglia, Keith A. "An Indelicate Amor: Alexander Hamilton and the First American Political Sex Scandal," Master's Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 2002.
189:, later known as the "Reynolds Pamphlet," in which he denied all charges of corruption. However, he openly admitted his relationship with Maria Reynolds and apologized for it.
169:. Jefferson and Hamilton were self-described nemeses, and five years after receiving the letters, Jefferson used the knowledge to start rumors about Hamilton's private life.
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Hamilton had possibly become aware of both Reynoldses being involved in the blackmail and both welcomed and strictly complied with James' request to end the affair.
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playing Maria Reynolds, and Sydney-James Harcourt playing James Reynolds. All three actors were part of the Original Broadway Cast.
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In the summer of 1791, 23-year-old Maria Reynolds allegedly approached the married 34-year-old Alexander Hamilton in
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was among the first men to be informed of this scandal, and he leaked information about it to
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Letters of James Monroe regarding the Reynolds affair in 1792 and other related archives
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This early sex scandal in American history has received multiple fictional portrayals.
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between revealing his affair with Maria or falsely admitting complicity to the charges.
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Eliza Hamilton: The Extraordinary Life and Times of the Wife of Alexander Hamilton
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Hamilton, Alexander, “Printed Version of the ‘Reynolds Pamphlet,’“ 1797,
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Cogan, Jacob Katz. "The Reynolds Affair and the Politics of Character."
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702:"Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, January 17th, 1792"
397:"Hurricane", in which Hamilton decides to write the Reynolds Pamphlet.
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Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1782–1783, 1788–1789)
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002
510:, a 1986 television miniseries, includes the events of the affair.
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the dominant force in establishing the federal law and government.
721:"Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, May 2nd, 1792"
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over this incident. The duel was averted by the intercession of
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1187:"Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit"
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List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
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19:"The Reynolds Pamphlet" redirects here. For the song, see
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8th Senior Officer of the United States Army (1799–1800)
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Jefferson and Hamilton: the rivalry that forged a nation
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Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic
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Hamilton over the affair, who paid him over $ 1,300 in
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Federal political sex scandals in the United States
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Color scan of The Reynolds Pamphlet at Google Books
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770:"Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet", 1797"
568:"Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," 1797"
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951:Printed Version of the “Reynolds Pamphlet”, 1797
644:Schachner, Alexander Hamilton, 1946, pp. 366-369
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45:in United States political history. It involved
1040:A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress
382:"We Know", in which Hamilton is confronted by
1306:Advisor, George Washington's Farewell Address
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625:"Draft of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," July 1797"
507:George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation
1194:Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures
737:Schachner, Alexander Hamilton, 1946, p. 366
485:(2018), by Stephanie Dray and Laura Kamoie.
235:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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16:Sex scandal in early United States history
1011:1st Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795)
299:Learn how and when to remove this message
1210:New York Provincial Company of Artillery
1060:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
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946:Original Draft of The Reynolds Pamphlet
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143:corroborate her husband's accusations.
33:at around the time of the scandal, 1792
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849:Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr
165:letters to his close personal friend,
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599:; Internet, accessed 15 October 2018.
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1431:Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House
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233:adding citations to reliable sources
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1172:"First Report on the Public Credit"
1055:Delegate, 1786 Annapolis Convention
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411:", which depicts Hamilton's wife,
334:, who also played the title role.
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1452:Hamilton Grange National Memorial
1095:Revenue Marine (U.S. Coast Guard)
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187:Observations on Certain Documents
1797:1792 crimes in the United States
1792:1791 crimes in the United States
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1177:"Second Report on Public Credit"
871:. New York: Carroll & Graf.
479:(2017), by Susan Holloway Scott.
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1822:Presidency of George Washington
1639:"American System" economic plan
1090:First Bank of the United States
859:New York: Simon & Schuster.
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1441:Alexander Hamilton High School
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379:", in which the affair begins.
60:from 1791 to 1792, during the
39:Hamilton–Reynolds affair
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921:Journal of the Early Republic
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355:portrayed Maria Reynolds and
338:portrayed Maria Reynolds and
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1627:New York Manumission Society
1105:Hamiltonian economic program
789:, pp. 283–284, 301–302.
21:The Reynolds Pamphlet (song)
7:
1676:Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
1469:Hamilton Heights, Manhattan
1301:Pacificus-Helvidius Debates
923:16, no. 3 (1996): 389–417,
824:Freeman, Joanne B. (2002).
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330:in 1917, was co-written by
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1383:Columbia University statue
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518:portraying Maria Reynolds.
248:"Hamilton–Reynolds affair"
157:, commonly referred to as
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1787:1792 in American politics
1782:1791 in American politics
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1342:Relationship with slavery
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1310:President General of the
1291:Founder, Bank of New York
1279:Founder, Federalist Party
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514:portrayed Hamilton, with
359:portrayed James Reynolds.
47:Secretary of the Treasury
1807:History of New York City
1700:James Alexander Hamilton
1330:Hamilton–Reynolds affair
1182:"Report On Manufactures"
1072:New York Circular Letter
863:Wheelan, Joseph (2005).
847:Isenberg, Nancy (2007).
1500:Trinity Church Cemetery
1426:Boyhood home and museum
175:James Thomson Callender
1736:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
1694:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
1611:American Enlightenment
1546:(2002 animated series)
855:Mazzeo, Tilar (2018).
803:Ferling, John (2013).
345:The biographical film
342:played James Reynolds.
161:
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1742:Allan McLane Hamilton
1459:(Columbia University)
1336:Rutgers v. Waddington
1319:New-York Evening Post
1296:Bank of North America
1066:The Federalist Papers
830:Yale University Press
768:Hamilton, Alexander.
623:Hamilton, Alexander.
566:Hamilton, Alexander.
402:The Reynolds Pamphlet
159:The Reynolds Pamphlet
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1718:Eliza Hamilton Holly
1706:John Church Hamilton
1606:Age of Enlightenment
1378:U.S. Treasury statue
1100:U.S. Customs Service
867:Jefferson's Vendetta
851:. New York: Penguin.
809:. Bloomsbury Press.
432:Jasmine Cephas Jones
362:In the 2015 musical
229:improve this section
140:Frederick Muhlenberg
41:was the first major
1802:American fraudsters
1712:William S. Hamilton
1651:American Revolution
1632:African Free School
1398:U.S. postage stamps
1373:Central Park statue
1147:Coinage Act of 1792
1122:Funding Act of 1790
662:. National Archives
467:The Hamilton Affair
52:, who conducted an
1812:Alexander Hamilton
1551:Alexander Hamilton
1527:Alexander Hamilton
1494:Alexander Hamilton
1486:Alexander Hamilton
1347:Burr–Hamilton duel
1115:Compromise of 1790
1048:The Farmer Refuted
992:Alexander Hamilton
902:Alexander Hamilton
899:(April 26, 2004).
758:, pp. 120–121
456:The Whiskey Rebels
424:released the film
370:Lin-Manuel Miranda
348:Alexander Hamilton
197:In popular culture
162:
50:Alexander Hamilton
35:
31:Alexander Hamilton
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1730:Schuyler Hamilton
1688:Angelica Hamilton
1586:(2020 miniseries)
1562:(2008 miniseries)
1363:Trumbull portrait
1261:Siege of Yorktown
1159:Whiskey Rebellion
1132:Bank Bill of 1791
905:. Penguin Press.
719:Reynolds, James.
700:Reynolds, James.
681:Reynolds, James.
654:Reynolds, Maria.
595:, available from
477:I, Eliza Hamilton
420:On July 3, 2020,
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1272:Other events
1231:White Plains
1217:aide-de-camp
1216:
1083:the Treasury
1081:Secretary of
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353:June Collyer
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227:Please help
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132:James Monroe
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100:Philadelphia
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36:
1554:(2004 book)
1530:(1931 film)
1522:(1917 play)
491:(2018), by
469:(2016), by
459:(2008), by
447:(2000), by
66:blackmailed
43:sex scandal
1776:Categories
1744:(grandson)
1738:(grandson)
1732:(grandson)
1720:(daughter)
1690:(daughter)
1583:Washington
1559:John Adams
1403:Greenbacks
1356:Depictions
1251:Germantown
1246:Brandywine
1164:Jay Treaty
535:References
500:Television
461:David Liss
439:Literature
384:Aaron Burr
259:newspapers
183:Aaron Burr
94:Background
88:Aaron Burr
70:hush money
1576:2020 film
1418:Memorials
1317:Founder,
1241:Princeton
1152:U.S. Mint
326:, ran on
216:does not
1761:Category
1656:patriots
1567:Hamilton
1535:Liberty!
1519:Hamilton
1256:Monmouth
1222:Battles
1168:Reports
523:See also
427:Hamilton
365:Hamilton
328:Broadway
323:Hamilton
1594:Related
1465:(Salem)
1236:Trenton
797:Sources
666:30 June
577:17 July
422:Disney+
273:scholar
237:removed
222:sources
155:Refuted
125:Scandal
110:In the
1678:(wife)
1668:Family
1623:(N.J.)
1050:(1775)
1042:(1774)
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390:, and
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138:, and
54:affair
1726:(son)
1714:(son)
1708:(son)
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1696:(son)
1684:(son)
413:Eliza
280:JSTOR
266:books
56:with
1484:USS
907:ISBN
873:ISBN
834:ISBN
811:ISBN
668:2016
579:2016
409:Burn
252:news
220:any
218:cite
116:duel
84:duel
37:The
1492:PS
925:doi
231:by
1778::
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23:.
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