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1069:) regularly kept by public aquariums. They are particularly vulnerable during transport between facilities, may rub on surfaces in tanks, and may collide with rocks, causing injuries to their heads, so they require very large, specially adapted tanks. As a consequence, relatively few public aquaria have kept them for long periods. The scalloped hammerhead is the most frequently maintained large species, and it has been kept long term at public aquaria in most continents, but primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. In 2014, fewer than 15 public aquaria in the world kept scalloped hammerheads. Great hammerheads have been kept at a few facilities in North America, including
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1055:, as it has proven easier to keep in captivity than the larger hammerhead species, and it has been bred at a handful of facilities. Nevertheless, at up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in length and with highly specialized requirements, very few private aquarists have the experience and resources necessary to maintain a bonnethead in captivity. The larger hammerhead species can reach more than twice that size and are considered difficult, even compared to most other similar-sized sharks (such as
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510:(called a "yolk sac placenta" or "pseudoplacenta"), through which the mother delivers sustenance until birth. Once the baby sharks are born, they are not taken care of by the parents in any way. Usually, a litter consists of 12 to 15 pups, except for the great hammerhead, which gives birth to litters of 20 to 40 pups. These baby sharks huddle together and swim toward warmer water until they are old enough and large enough to survive on their own.
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hammerhead sharks alone are traded per year which is equivalent to 21,000 metric tons of biomass. However, most sharks that are caught are only used for their fins and then discarded. The actual meat of hammerheads is generally unwanted. Consumption of regular hammerhead meat has been recorded in countries such as
1035:
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They also have an increased binocular vision and depth of visual field as a result of the cephalofoil. The shape of the head was previously thought to help the shark find food, aiding in close-quarters maneuverability, and allowing sharp turning movement without losing stability. The unusual structure of its
360:
range from 0.9 to 6.0 m (2 ft 11 in to 19 ft 8 in) in length and weigh 3–580 kg (6.6–1,300 lb). One specimen caught off the
Florida coast in 1906 weighed over 680 kg (1,500 lb). They are usually light gray and have a greenish tint. Their bellies are white,
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are a particular favorite, with the positioning of their (comparatively) smaller, crescent-shaped mouths underneath their T-shaped heads allowing for skilled skate, ray, and flounder hunting, among other seafloor-dwellers. These sharks will often be found swimming above the sand along the bottom of
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Humans are the number one threat to hammerhead sharks. Although they are not usually the primary target, hammerhead sharks are caught in fisheries all over the world. Tropical fisheries are the most common place for hammerheads to be caught because of their preference to reside in warm waters. The
1018:
Shark fins are prized as a delicacy in certain countries in Asia (such as China), and overfishing is putting many hammerhead sharks at risk of extinction. Fishermen who harvest the animals typically cut off the fins and toss the remainder of the fish, which is often still alive, back into the sea.
446:
The hammer-like shape of the head may have evolved at least in part to enhance the animal's vision. The positioning of the eyes, mounted on the sides of the shark's distinctive hammer head, allows 360° of vision in the vertical plane, meaning the animals can see above and below them at all times.
1109:
Shark fin traders say that hammerheads have some of the best quality fin needles which makes them good to eat when prepared properly. Hong Kong is the world's largest fin trade market and accounts for about 1.5% of the total annual amount of fins traded. It is estimated that around 375,000 great
1188:
In native
Hawaiian culture, sharks are considered to be gods of the sea, protectors of humans, and cleaners of excessive ocean life. Some of these sharks are believed to be family members who died and have been reincarnated into shark form, but others are considered man-eaters, also known as
2375:
Pollom, R.; Carlson, J.; Charvet, P.; Avalos, C.; Bizzarro, J.; Blanco-Parra, M.P.; Briones Bell-Iloch, A.; Burgos-Vázquez, M.I.; Cardenosa, D.; Cevallos, A.; Derrick, D.; Espinoza, E.; Espinoza, M.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Morales-Saldaña, J.M.; Navia, A.F.; Pacoureau, N.; Pérez Jiménez, J.C.;
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which allows them to blend into the background when viewed from below and sneak up to their prey. Their heads have lateral projections that give them a hammer-like shape. While overall similar, this shape differs somewhat between species; examples are: a distinct T-shape in the
1225:. The hammerhead shark is thought to be the birth animal of some children. Hawaiian children who are born with the hammerhead shark as an animal sign are believed to be warriors and are meant to sail the oceans. Hammerhead sharks rarely pass through the waters of
566:
the ocean, stalking their prey. Their unique heads are further utilized as a tool (or weapon) if hunting rays and flatfishes; the shark uses its head to pin down and briefly stun the prey, and only eats once their quarry is clearly weakened and in shock. The
3036:
463:. The pores on the shark's head lead to sensory tubes, which detect electric fields generated by other living creatures. By distributing the receptors over a wider area, like a larger radio antenna, hammerheads can sweep for prey more effectively.
1106:
total number of hammerheads caught in fisheries is recorded in the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Global Capture Production dataset. The number steadily increased from 75 metric tons in 1990, to 6,313 metric tons by 2010.
2422:
Pollom, R.; Barreto, R.; Charvet, P.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Cuevas, J.M.; Faria, V.; Herman, K.; Lasso-Alcalá, O.; Marcante, F.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Montealegre-Quijano, S.; Motta, F.; Navia, A.F.; Nunes, J.; Paesch, L.; Rincon, G. (2020).
1010:
and demand for their fins, an expensive delicacy. Among others, scientists expressed their concern about the plight of the scalloped hammerhead at the
American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting in
578:, which sometimes makes up as much as half their stomach contents. They may swallow it unintentionally, but they are able to partially digest it. At the time of discovery, this was the only known case of a potentially
2282:
Pollom, R.; Avalos, C.; Bizzarro, J.; Burgos-Vázquez, M.I.; Cevallos, A.; Charvet, P.; Espinoza, M.; Faria, V.; Herman, K.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Navia, A.F.; Pérez-Jiménez, J.C.; Rincon, G.; Sosa-Nishizaki, O. (2020).
329:. Many different— but not necessarily mutually exclusive—functions have been postulated for the cephalofoil, including sensory reception, manoeuvering, and prey manipulation. The cephalofoil gives the shark superior
3025:
437:
to the rest of the hammerhead sharks. As the winghead shark has proportionately the largest "hammer" of the hammerhead sharks, this suggests that the first ancestral hammerhead sharks also had large hammers.
2244:
Rigby, C.L.; Dulvy, N.K.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019).
313:(a T-shape or "hammer"). The shark's eyes are placed one on either end of this T-shaped structure, with their small mouths directly centered and underneath. Most hammerhead species are placed in the genus
1030:
471:
Reproduction occurs only once a year for hammerhead sharks, and usually occurs with the male shark biting the female shark violently until she agrees to mate with him. The hammerhead sharks exhibit a
1363:
2765:
2329:
Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Francis, M.P.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019).
2822:
451:, though, has been found to be instrumental in making the turns correctly, more often than the shape of its head, though it would also shift and provide lift. From what is known about the
2152:
Pollom, R.; Pérez Jiménez, J.C.; Bizzarro, J.; Burgos-Vázquez, M.I.; Cevallos, A.; Espinoza, M.; Herman, K.; Mejía-Falla, P.A.; Navia, A.F.; Sosa-Nishizaki, O.; Velez-Zuazo, X. (2020).
2469:
Rigby, C.L.; Barreto, R.; Carlson, J.; Fernando, D.; Fordham, S.; Herman, K.; Jabado, R.W.; Liu, K.M.; Marshall, A.; Pacoureau, N.; Romanov, E.; Sherley, R.B.; Winker, H. (2019).
1320:
1423:
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2523:
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2545:
Royer, Mark; Meyer, Carl; Royer, John; Maloney, Kelsey; Cardona, Edward; Blandino, Chloé; Fernandes Da Silva, Guilherme; Whittingham, Kate; Holland, Kim N. (2023).
1740:
1701:
2615:
1549:"Contributions to the tooth morphology in early embryos of three species of hammerhead sharks (Elasmobranchii: Sphyrnidae) and their evolutionary implications"
1355:
574:, eating other hammerhead sharks, including mothers consuming their own young. In addition to the typical animal prey, bonnetheads have been found to feed on
1967:
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1944:
1828:
1229:, but many Maui natives believe that their swimming by is a sign that the gods are watching over the families, and the oceans are clean and balanced.
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1515:
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1607:
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since AD 1580. No human fatalities have been recorded. Most hammerhead shark species are too small to inflict serious damage to humans.
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1332:
4212:
3002:
4062:
1415:
3231:
4101:
2971:
2792:"Husbandry of scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) at Reef HQ Aquarium, Townsville, Australia"
1490:
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2515:
1385:
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4106:
4222:
3174:
979:
4227:
3132:
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1732:
1709:
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1803:
455:, the shape of the hammerhead apparently has to do with an evolved sensory function. Like all sharks, hammerheads have
2923:
2859:
376:
Hammerheads have disproportionately small mouths compared to other shark species. Some species are also known to form
2719:
1456:
4179:
4132:
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969:
414:(Carcharinidae). Based on DNA studies and fossils, the ancestor of the hammerheads probably lived in the Early
309:, named for the unusual and distinctive form of their heads, which are flattened and laterally extended into a
34:
2137:
sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the
Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic
4114:
1975:
1936:
1820:
570:, tending to be larger and more aggressive to its own kind than other hammerheads, occasionally engages in
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explained that hammerheads can be found in warm, tropical waters, but during the summer, they begin a mass
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3997:
3601:
3481:
1520:
382:
136:
2222:
3249:
1671:
1525:
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972:, humans have been subjects of 17 documented, unprovoked attacks by hammerhead sharks within the genus
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4015:
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4184:
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30:
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The hammer-like shape of the head means that hammerhead sharks can sweep for prey more effectively.
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2447:
2353:
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1599:
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3421:
3339:
3127:
1548:
1448:
1286:
1150:
1855:
4158:
3937:
3430:
2547:""Breath holding" as a thermoregulation strategy in the deep-diving scalloped hammerhead shark"
1082:
345:
1997:
Meekan, M. G.; Virtue, P.; Marcus, L.; Clements, K. D.; Nichols, P. D.; Revill, A. T. (2022).
1015:. The young swim mostly in shallow waters along shores all over the world to avoid predators.
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571:
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2010:
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762:
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144:
2994:
2199:
8:
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3518:
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3499:
3183:
1885:
Chapman, DD; Shivji, MS; Louis, E; Sommer, J; Fletcher, H; Prodöhl, PA (22 August 2007).
1111:
898:
728:
341:
3203:
2810:
2562:
2014:
398:
3919:
3559:
3550:
3373:
3364:
3228:
2582:
2133:
2044:
1913:
1886:
1141:, bringing shark fishing and commerce of these species under licensing and regulation.
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1003:
999:
484:
340:
Hammerheads are found worldwide, preferring life in warmer waters along coastlines and
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2963:
2546:
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2153:
994:
The great and the scalloped hammerheads are listed on the World
Conservation Union's (
4140:
4023:
3888:
3625:
3273:
3026:"Indigenous knowledge and cultural values of hammerhead sharks in Northern Australia"
2715:
2679:
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2574:
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2036:
2028:
1918:
1799:
1652:
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370:
228:
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In March 2013, three endangered, commercially valuable sharks, the hammerheads, the
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2018:
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830:
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362:
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2132:
Gonzalez, C., Postaire, B., Driggers, W., Caballero, S. & Chapman, D. (2024):
921:
410:, only their teeth are commonly found as fossils. Their closest relatives are the
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3397:
3388:
3235:
2421:
1891:
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853:
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522:
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mode of reproduction with females giving birth to live young. Like other sharks,
377:
4119:
2712:
Elasmobranch
Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays, and their Relatives
344:. Unlike most sharks, some hammerhead species will congregate and swim in large
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is exhausted, the depleted yolk sac transforms into a structure analogous to a
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2097:
2032:
1449:"Hammerhead shark study shows cascade of evolution affected size, head shape"
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1020:
620:
476:
411:
243:
94:
2970:(Report). National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources.
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2570:
2243:
3350:
2911:
2847:
2578:
2040:
1922:
1904:
1656:
1572:
1213:; it is considered to be one of the most respected sharks of the ocean, an
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434:
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1101:
Most, if not all, hammerhead shark species are threatened with extinction.
4075:
3969:
3616:
3193:
2762:"The Bonnethead Shark Sphyrna tiburo: Is it Suitable for Home Aquariums?"
1764:"Great Hammerhead Shark - Lifestyle, Diet, and More - Wildlife Explained"
1416:"Marine Species ID: Great Hammerhead vs. Scalloped and Smooth Hammerhead"
1198:
1170:
1162:
1062:
1007:
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69:
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without the need for a male. This was the first shark known to do this.
380:. In the evening, like most other sharks, they become solitary hunters.
3906:
3870:
3445:
3412:
3298:
1647:
1630:
1202:
864:
579:
530:
514:
472:
114:
79:
3184:"Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks"
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1247:
960:
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3574:
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2023:
1998:
1134:
1115:
984:
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683:
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Miller, Margaret H.; Carlson, J.; Hogan, L.; Kobayashi, D. (2014).
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325:
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109:
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and often represented in cultural artefacts such as the elaborate
2198:
VanderWright, W.J.; Carlson, J.; Pollom, R.; Dulvy, N.K. (2020).
1089:(Las Vegas). Smooth hammerheads have also been kept in the past.
988:
887:
717:
554:
488:
415:
357:
315:
269:
124:
99:
1547:
Mello, Waldiney; Brito, Paulo
Marques Machado (September 2013).
594:
There are ten distinct species of
Hammerhead shark in the wild:
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492:
407:
178:
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1123:
1119:
550:
480:
302:
252:
218:
2982:– via National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
2086:
2961:
2710:
Smith, M.; D. Warmolts; D. Thoney; R. Hueter, eds. (2004).
1226:
995:
546:
526:
500:
1996:
1483:"Hammerhead shark | Diet, Size, & Facts | Britannica"
1884:
2063:"Hammerhead Shark - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
2544:
406:
Since sharks do not have mineralized bones and rarely
1670:
McComb, D. Michelle; et al. (27 November 2009).
1629:
McComb, D. M.; Tricas, T. C.; Kajiura, S. M. (2009).
1006:. The status given to these sharks is as a result of
2964:
Status review report : great hammerhead shark (
1243:
545:
Hammerhead sharks eat a large range of prey such as
348:
during the day, becoming solitary hunters at night.
2223:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T152783714A172115852.en
1850:
1848:
1846:
1628:
1217:. Many Hawaiian families believe that they have an
2790:Tristram, H.; S. Thomas; L. Squire-Junior (2014).
2608:"Panamanian officials find half ton of shark fins"
983:Man carrying a hammerhead shark along a street in
4199:
1843:
1353:
1221:watching over them and protecting them from the
3271:
3190:(2002). Attempts to explain the "hammer" shape.
3120:
2785:
2783:
2674:Compagno, L.; M. Dando & S. Fowler (2004).
2401:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39387A205765567.en
2177:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44591A124434064.en
1002:, whereas the smalleye hammerhead is listed as
2112:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41810A68623209.en
1051:The relatively small bonnethead is regular at
3257:
2636:
2494:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39388A2921825.en
2448:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60202A3091946.en
2354:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39386A2920499.en
2308:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60201A3091753.en
1968:"This Shark Eats Grass, and No One Knows Why"
1631:"Enhanced visual fields in hammerhead sharks"
1356:"Hammerhead Shark Captured in Florida Waters"
365:, a rounded head with a central notch in the
3123:"Shark highly respected in Hawaiian culture"
3054:
2780:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2667:
2126:
1297:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
402:A hammerhead shark gliding along the sea bed
3507:
1965:
1724:
1309:– via animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu.
955:
15:
3264:
3250:
3186:by Stephen M. Kajiura and Kim N. Holland,
2516:"Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark"
1733:"Why the hammerhead shark@ got its hammer"
1546:
920:
886:
852:
818:
784:
750:
716:
682:
619:
279:
135:
16:
2736:"Babies Of The S.E.A. – Bonnethead Shark"
2692:
2492:
2446:
2399:
2352:
2306:
2221:
2175:
2110:
2022:
1912:
1787:
1761:
1646:
1321:"Record Hammerhead Pregnant With 55 Pups"
393:
3225:, Australian Marine Conservation Society
3023:
1999:"The world's largest omnivore is a fish"
1591:
1144:
1096:
1025:
978:
959:
479:is internal, with the male transferring
397:
288:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
3156:
3084:
2992:
2087:Smart, J.J.; Simpfendorfer, C. (2016).
1284:
418:epoch about 20 million years ago.
369:, and an unnotched rounded head in the
14:
4200:
2892:from the original on 14 September 2017
2768:from the original on 14 September 2017
2742:from the original on 14 September 2017
2639:"Shark's fin soup – eat without guilt"
2614:. Associated Press. 25 February 2011.
1818:
1812:
1762:Explained, Wildlife (5 January 2022).
1730:
1702:"World's Deadliest: Hammerhead Sharks"
1669:
1600:"Origin and Evolution of the 'Hammer'"
1366:from the original on 20 September 2022
1301:from the original on 29 September 2012
1267:List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish
1205:. The hammerhead shark, also known as
3936:
3935:
3245:
3135:from the original on 5 September 2015
3121:Hurley, Timothy (28 September 2004).
3042:from the original on 16 November 2020
3024:Gerhardt, Katrin (30 November 2018).
2995:"'Historic' day for shark protection"
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:from the original on 22 December 2015
2526:from the original on 15 December 2017
1947:from the original on 30 December 2018
1831:from the original on 18 February 2019
1682:from the original on 25 February 2010
1610:from the original on 27 December 2018
1313:
1165:worn for ceremonial dances, known as
1153:, the hammerhead shark, known as the
4172:FD1087D9-FFA4-4A55-FF67-A2A64FC9F9D9
2974:from the original on 5 February 2023
1887:"Virgin birth in a hammerhead shark"
1866:from the original on 30 January 2019
1510:
1508:
1443:
1441:
429:of the hammerhead sharks showed the
3204:"New shark discovered in US waters"
3188:The Journal of Experimental Biology
2630:
2480:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2434:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2387:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2340:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2294:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2256:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2209:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2163:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2098:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1731:Barley, Shanta (26 February 2019).
1524:. 10 September 2010. Archived from
1209:, is not considered a man-eater or
1177:is known for his representations of
964:A hammerhead shark in shallow water
586:were also found to be omnivorous).
48:
3102:from the original on 1 August 2020
3072:from the original on 12 April 2020
2938:
2828:from the original on 7 August 2020
1597:
1426:from the original on 8 August 2021
1354:New-York Tribune (15 April 1906).
49:
4239:
4218:Species endangered by use as food
3150:
3005:from the original on 10 June 2013
2862:from the original on 27 June 2015
2637:Giam Choo Hoo (1 December 2006).
2618:from the original on 12 June 2018
2520:Florida Museum of Natural History
1743:from the original on 3 March 2021
1672:"Hammerhead shark mystery solved"
1505:
1493:from the original on 24 July 2023
1463:from the original on 1 April 2019
1457:University of Colorado at Boulder
1438:
1169:(dari). They are associated with
517:shark was found to be capable of
483:to the female through one of two
4213:Extant Miocene first appearances
3238:on Check123 - Video Encyclopedia
2764:. TFH Magazine. September 2007.
1819:Martin, R. Aidan (August 1993).
1579:from the original on 2 June 2018
1246:
937:
903:
869:
835:
801:
767:
733:
699:
665:
636:
310:
155:
67:
3114:
3017:
2993:McGrath, Matt (11 March 2013).
2986:
2904:
2874:
2840:
2754:
2738:. SEA Aquarium. November 2013.
2728:
2600:
2538:
2508:
2462:
2415:
2368:
2322:
2275:
2237:
2191:
2145:
2080:
2055:
1990:
1959:
1943:. Enchanted Learning Software.
1929:
1878:
1781:
1755:
1694:
1663:
1635:Journal of Experimental Biology
1622:
1137:, were added to Appendix II of
1071:Atlantis Paradise Island Resort
1046:
970:International Shark Attack File
466:
2916:(Rueppell, 1837) in Captivity"
2819:10.1016/j.zoolgart.2014.08.002
2678:. HarperCollins. p. 325.
1540:
1475:
1408:
1378:
1347:
1278:
582:species of shark (since then,
441:
351:
13:
1:
3602:African ribbontail catshark (
3482:Straight-tooth weasel shark (
1331:. 1 July 2006. Archived from
1272:
1092:
2882:"Scalloped hammerhead shark"
2376:Sosa-Nishizaki, O. (2021) .
1966:Hannah Lang (29 June 2017).
1794:. World Book, Inc. pp.
1791:Hammerheads and Other Sharks
1706:video.nationalgeographic.com
495:are at first sustained by a
390:in search of colder waters.
323:is placed in its own genus,
7:
4223:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
3593:Pygmy ribbontail catshark (
3584:Cuban ribbontail catshark (
3175:Animal Diversity Web Genus
2141:Zootaxa, 5512 (4): 491–511.
1232:
10:
4244:
4228:Vertebrate parthenogenesis
2714:. Ohio Biological Survey.
2216:: e.T152783714A172115852.
1788:Otfinoski, Steven (2000).
1565:10.1016/j.crvi.2013.04.017
1236:
1087:Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay
1023:, is lethal to the shark.
589:
549:(including other sharks),
523:automictic parthenogenesis
3944:
3905:
3805:
3781:
3768:
3748:
3720:
3700:
3667:
3658:
3614:
3572:
3548:
3535:
3498:
3443:
3422:Australian weasel shark (
3410:
3386:
3362:
3349:
3325:
3281:
1262:List of hammerhead sharks
1237:For a topical guide, see
278:
258:
251:
152:Scientific classification
150:
143:
134:
58:
3431:Sicklefin weasel shark (
3229:Hammerhead Shark - Video
3194:Great hammerhead shark,
3170:. February 2011 version.
3160:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3143:– via Moolelo.com.
1937:"Great hammerhead shark"
1553:Comptes Rendus Biologies
1019:This practice, known as
956:Relationship with humans
31:latest accepted revision
3464:Atlantic weasel shark (
3455:Whitetip weasel shark (
3128:The Honolulu Advertiser
3062:"Dr Ken Thaiday Senior"
2852:(Griffith & Smith)"
2848:"Scalloped Hammerhead,
2571:10.1126/science.add4445
1193:. These sharks include
1151:Torres Strait Islanders
540:
3844:Scalloped hammerhead (
3817:Scalloped bonnethead (
3710:Dwarf false catshark (
3679:Slender smooth-hound (
3635:Magnificent catshark (
3473:Slender weasel shark (
3234:1 October 2022 at the
3180:with species sub-pages
2799:Der Zoologische Garten
2394:: e.T39387A205765567.
2170:: e.T44591A124434064.
1905:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0189
1521:NationalGeographic.com
1102:
1083:Mote Marine Laboratory
1043:
991:
965:
525:, in which a female's
403:
394:Taxonomy and evolution
294:
65:Early Miocene – recent
4154:Paleobiology Database
3880:Smalleye hammerhead (
3835:Carolina hammerhead (
3826:Whitefin hammerhead (
3519:Barbeled houndshark (
2105:: e.T41810A68623209.
1941:EnchantedLearning.com
1825:Rodale's Scuba Diving
1157:, is a common family
1145:Cultural significance
1100:
1038:
982:
963:
909:Critically Endangered
841:Critically Endangered
807:Critically Endangered
773:Critically Endangered
705:Critically Endangered
608:IUCN Red List status
499:. When the supply of
461:ampullae of Lorenzini
459:sensory pores called
401:
305:that form the family
292:
3560:Harlequin catshark (
3374:Snaggletooth shark (
3033:Marine Diversity Hub
2912:"Great Hammerheads,
2487:: e.T39388A2921825.
2441:: e.T60202A3091946.
2347:: e.T39386A2920499.
2301:: e.T60201A3091753.
1860:AquaticCommunity.com
1362:. New-York Tribune.
1295:Animal Diversity Web
1285:Hessing, S. (2000).
1040:Scalloped hammerhead
763:Scalloped hammerhead
695:Scalloped bonnethead
519:asexual reproduction
367:scalloped hammerhead
145:Scalloped hammerhead
3889:Smooth hammerhead (
3774:(Hammerhead sharks)
3626:Graceful catshark (
3541:(Finback catsharks)
3162:"Family Sphyrnidae"
2811:2014DZGar..83...93T
2676:Sharks of the World
2655:on 21 February 2007
2563:2023Sci...380..651R
2015:2022Ecol..103E3818M
1972:National Geographic
1821:"If I Had a Hammer"
1604:elasmo-research.org
1528:on 10 November 2016
1360:Chronicling America
1112:Trinidad and Tobago
1085:(Florida), and the
998:) 2008 Red List as
899:Smalleye hammerhead
729:Carolina hammerhead
485:intromittent organs
383:National Geographic
342:continental shelves
21:Page version status
3862:Great hammerhead (
3688:Sulu gollumshark (
2612:WashingtonPost.com
2263:: e.T39385A2918526
1856:"Hammerhead Shark"
1768:Wildlife Explained
1648:10.1242/jeb.032615
1598:Martin, R. Aidan.
1516:"Hammerhead Shark"
1487:www.britannica.com
1386:"Hammerhead Shark"
1195:great white sharks
1181:in his sculptural
1173:. Renowned artist
1103:
1075:Adventure Aquarium
1044:
992:
966:
404:
295:
27:
4195:
4194:
4141:Open Tree of Life
3938:Taxon identifiers
3929:
3928:
3901:
3900:
3744:
3743:
3654:
3653:
3531:
3530:
3494:
3493:
3398:Hooktooth shark (
3223:Hammerhead Sharks
3066:Australia Council
2685:978-0-00-713610-0
2646:The Straits Times
2557:(6645): 651–655.
2067:sciencedirect.com
1239:Outline of sharks
1185:and other works.
1036:
968:According to the
953:
952:
944:
933:Smooth hammerhead
910:
876:
842:
808:
774:
740:
706:
672:
643:
611:Population trend
491:. The developing
427:phylogenetic tree
423:mitochondrial DNA
371:smooth hammerhead
299:hammerhead sharks
287:
286:
247:
229:Carcharhiniformes
59:Hammerhead sharks
39:23 September 2024
18:
4235:
4188:
4187:
4175:
4174:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4120:NHMSYS0021053490
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4019:
4018:
4006:
4005:
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3933:
3932:
3912:
3793:Winghead shark (
3779:
3778:
3775:
3755:
3732:False catshark (
3665:
3664:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3505:
3504:
3424:H. australiensis
3360:
3359:
3356:
3332:
3331:(Requiem sharks)
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3196:Sphyrna mokarran
3171:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2966:Sphyrna mokarran
2959:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2914:Sphyrna mokarran
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2827:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2707:
2690:
2689:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2648:. Archived from
2643:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2333:Sphyrna mokarran
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2202:Sphyrna gilberti
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2149:
2143:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2091:Eusphyra blochii
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2026:
2024:10.1002/ecy.3818
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1978:on 23 April 2019
1974:. Archived from
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1852:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1712:on 23 April 2015
1708:. Archived from
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1453:ScienceDaily.com
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1390:sharks-world.com
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1329:Associated Press
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1282:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1131:oceanic whitetip
1079:Georgia Aquarium
1067:sand tiger shark
1053:public aquariums
1037:
942:
941:
924:
908:
907:
890:
874:
873:
856:
840:
839:
831:Great hammerhead
826:Sphyrna mokarran
822:
806:
805:
788:
772:
771:
754:
738:
737:
724:Sphyrna gilberti
720:
704:
703:
686:
670:
669:
661:Shovelbill shark
641:
640:
627:Eusphyra blochii
623:
597:
596:
568:great hammerhead
457:electroreceptory
388:migration period
363:great hammerhead
335:depth perception
331:binocular vision
283:
242:
160:
159:
139:
129:
66:
62:Temporal range:
56:
55:
51:Family of sharks
4243:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4152:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3940:
3930:
3925:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3801:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3716:
3696:
3660:Pseudotriakidae
3650:
3610:
3568:
3540:
3539:
3527:
3490:
3457:P. leucolomatus
3439:
3406:
3382:
3355:(Weasel sharks)
3354:
3353:
3345:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3277:
3270:
3236:Wayback Machine
3213:
3211:
3202:
3199:, MarineBio.org
3153:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3096:Art Gallery NSW
3090:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3068:. 15 May 2019.
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2960:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2805:(4–6): 93–113.
2794:
2788:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2708:
2693:
2686:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2473:Sphyrna zygaena
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2150:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1892:Biology Letters
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1459:. 19 May 2010.
1447:
1446:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1335:on 22 June 2011
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1175:Ken Thaiday Snr
1147:
1095:
1049:
1026:
958:
928:Sphyrna zygaena
592:
543:
469:
444:
396:
354:
301:are a group of
241:
154:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
64:
63:
60:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4241:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4163:
4150:
4137:
4124:
4111:
4098:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4046:
4033:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3966:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3776:
3766:
3765:
3761:Scyliorhinidae
3758:
3756:
3750:Scyliorhinidae
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3708:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3543:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3502:
3500:Leptochariidae
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3340:Carcharhinidae
3335:
3333:
3327:Carcharhinidae
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3311:Elasmobranchii
3307:
3305:Chondrichthyes
3301:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3226:
3220:
3210:. 10 June 2006
3200:
3191:
3181:
3172:
3158:Froese, Rainer
3152:
3151:External links
3149:
3147:
3146:
3113:
3083:
3053:
3016:
2985:
2937:
2920:elasmollet.org
2903:
2873:
2856:elasmollet.org
2850:Sphyrna lewini
2839:
2779:
2753:
2727:
2720:
2691:
2684:
2666:
2629:
2599:
2537:
2507:
2461:
2414:
2380:Sphyrna tiburo
2367:
2321:
2274:
2249:Sphyrna lewini
2236:
2190:
2156:Sphyrna corona
2144:
2135:Sphyrna alleni
2125:
2079:
2054:
1989:
1958:
1928:
1877:
1842:
1811:
1805:978-0716612100
1804:
1780:
1754:
1723:
1693:
1662:
1641:(24): 4010–8.
1621:
1590:
1559:(9): 466–471.
1539:
1504:
1474:
1437:
1407:
1396:on 7 July 2011
1377:
1346:
1325:Discovery News
1312:
1289:Sphyrna tiburo
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1234:
1231:
1146:
1143:
1094:
1091:
1077:(New Jersey),
1048:
1045:
957:
954:
951:
950:
948:
945:
935:
930:
925:
917:
916:
914:
911:
901:
896:
891:
883:
882:
880:
877:
867:
862:
860:Sphyrna tiburo
857:
849:
848:
846:
843:
833:
828:
823:
815:
814:
812:
809:
799:
794:
789:
781:
780:
778:
775:
765:
760:
758:Sphyrna lewini
755:
747:
746:
744:
741:
739:Data Deficient
731:
726:
721:
713:
712:
710:
707:
697:
692:
690:Sphyrna corona
687:
679:
678:
676:
673:
663:
658:
656:Sphyrna alleni
653:
650:
649:
647:
644:
634:
632:Winghead shark
629:
624:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
591:
588:
542:
539:
468:
465:
453:winghead shark
443:
440:
431:winghead shark
412:requiem sharks
395:
392:
353:
350:
321:winghead shark
285:
284:
276:
275:
274:
273:
266:
256:
255:
249:
248:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
209:Elasmobranchii
206:
202:
201:
199:Chondrichthyes
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
141:
140:
132:
131:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
61:
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4240:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3911:(Houndsharks)
3908:
3904:
3894:
3892:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3723:Pseudotriakis
3719:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3681:G. attenuatus
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3637:P. magnificum
3633:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:E. radcliffei
3591:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3537:Proscylliidae
3534:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3466:P. pectoralis
3462:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3433:H. microstoma
3429:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3400:C. macrostoma
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:"Ken Thaiday"
3087:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2843:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2723:
2721:9780867271522
2717:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2427:Sphyrna tudes
2418:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2371:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2287:Sphyrna media
2278:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2129:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2009:(12): e3818.
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1737:New Scientist
1734:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:Sharks portal
1249:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:mano kihikihi
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:law and order
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1041:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
986:
981:
977:
975:
971:
962:
949:
946:
940:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
923:
919:
918:
915:
912:
906:
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Sphyrna tudes
892:
889:
885:
884:
881:
878:
872:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
855:
851:
850:
847:
844:
838:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
804:
800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Sphyrna media
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
770:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
736:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
711:
708:
702:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:Not Evaluated
668:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:
648:
645:
639:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
613:
610:
607:
605:Common names
604:
601:
599:
598:
595:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
538:
536:
532:
529:fuses with a
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:In 2007, the
511:
509:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:fertilization
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
400:
391:
389:
385:
384:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
291:
282:
277:
272:
271:
267:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:
254:
250:
245:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:Selachimorpha
217:
215:Subdivision:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
133:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
57:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
3945:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3871:Bonnethead (
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3769:
3733:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3690:G. suluensis
3689:
3680:
3668:
3644:
3636:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3573:
3562:C. fehlmanni
3561:
3549:
3520:
3510:Leptocharias
3508:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3444:
3432:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3389:Chaenogaleus
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:Hemigaleidae
3315:Subdivision
3274:ground shark
3212:. Retrieved
3195:
3187:
3176:
3165:
3137:. Retrieved
3126:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3095:
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3065:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3032:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2998:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2965:
2928:. Retrieved
2919:
2913:
2906:
2896:13 September
2894:. Retrieved
2886:Zootierliste
2885:
2876:
2866:13 September
2864:. Retrieved
2855:
2849:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2802:
2798:
2772:13 September
2770:. Retrieved
2756:
2746:13 September
2744:. Retrieved
2730:
2711:
2675:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2645:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2554:
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2484:
2478:
2472:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2438:
2432:
2426:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2391:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2344:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2298:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2265:. Retrieved
2260:
2254:
2248:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2213:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2167:
2161:
2155:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2102:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:the original
1971:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1899:(4): 425–7.
1896:
1890:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1859:
1833:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1790:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1736:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1603:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1556:
1552:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1519:
1495:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1452:
1428:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1389:
1380:
1370:20 September
1368:. Retrieved
1359:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1324:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1294:
1288:
1280:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:tiger sharks
1190:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1154:
1148:
1128:
1108:
1104:
1058:Carcharhinus
1056:
1050:
1047:In captivity
1017:
993:
973:
967:
927:
893:
859:
825:
791:
757:
723:
689:
655:
626:
593:
584:whale sharks
544:
512:
470:
467:Reproduction
445:
420:
405:
381:
375:
355:
339:
324:
319:, while the
314:
306:
298:
296:
268:
261:
238:
53:
38:
29:This is the
23:
4076:iNaturalist
3970:Wikispecies
3864:S. mokarran
3853:Scoophead (
3837:S. gilberti
3754:(Catsharks)
3734:P. microdon
3645:P. venustum
3628:P. habereri
3617:Proscyllium
3586:E. barbouri
3475:P. randalli
3376:H. elongata
3365:Hemipristis
3139:19 December
3046:14 November
2930:17 December
2530:27 December
1951:19 December
1870:19 December
1420:Sport Diver
1400:19 December
1305:19 December
1203:bull sharks
1163:headdresses
1081:(Atlanta),
1073:(Bahamas),
1063:lemon shark
1008:overfishing
947:Decreasing
913:Decreasing
879:Decreasing
845:Decreasing
811:Decreasing
777:Decreasing
709:Decreasing
646:Decreasing
614:References
572:cannibalism
559:crustaceans
442:Cephalofoil
352:Description
311:cephalofoil
4208:Sphyrnidae
4202:Categories
4003:Sphyrnidae
3990:Sphyrnidae
3976:Sphyrnidae
3946:Sphyrnidae
3891:S. zygaena
3828:S. couardi
3795:E. blochii
3770:Sphyrnidae
3703:Planonasus
3604:E. sinuans
3521:L. smithii
3446:Paragaleus
3413:Hemigaleus
3299:Vertebrata
3297:Subphylum
3214:9 November
2832:7 December
2622:7 December
1982:7 December
1614:31 January
1532:9 November
1467:9 November
1339:18 October
1273:References
1093:Protection
1004:vulnerable
1000:endangered
943:Vulnerable
875:Endangered
865:Bonnethead
642:Endangered
580:omnivorous
533:to form a
531:polar body
515:bonnethead
473:viviparous
356:The known
307:Sphyrnidae
244:T. N. Gill
239:Sphyrnidae
205:Subclass:
3920:Triakidae
3907:Triakidae
3873:S. tiburo
3846:S. lewini
3819:S. corona
3712:P. parini
3575:Eridacnis
3309:Subclass
2659:6 January
2592:10 August
2587:258618434
2072:10 August
2049:250642078
2033:0012-9658
1773:10 August
1430:7 October
1135:porbeagle
1116:Venezuela
1061:species,
985:Mogadishu
797:Scoophead
563:Stingrays
505:mammalian
449:vertebrae
408:fossilize
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
3955:Wikidata
3882:S. tudes
3855:S. media
3784:Eusphyra
3551:Ctenacis
3484:P. tengi
3317:Selachii
3293:Chordata
3287:Animalia
3285:Kingdom
3232:Archived
3208:BBC News
3167:FishBase
3133:Archived
3106:15 April
3100:Archived
3076:14 April
3070:Archived
3037:Archived
3003:Archived
2999:BBC News
2972:Archived
2924:Archived
2890:Archived
2860:Archived
2823:Archived
2766:Archived
2740:Archived
2616:Archived
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