112:
626:
541:
359:
853:. Females become sexually mature by their third or fourth year and can calve each year for several consecutive years, being pregnant and lactating at the same time. The gestation of the porpoise is typically 10–11 months. Most births occur in late spring and summer. Calves are weaned after 8–12 months. Their average life-span in the wild is 8–13 years, although exceptionally individuals have reached up to 20, and in captivity up to 28 years. In a study of 239 dead harbour porpoises in the Gulf of Maine–Bay of Fundy, the vast majority were less than 12 years old and the oldest was 17.
619:
935:
1000:
lateral movements during the day and deeper dives during the night. The construction of thousands of offshore wind turbines, planned in different areas of North Sea, is known to cause displacement of porpoises from the construction site, particularly if steel monopile foundations are installed by percussive piling, where reactions can occur at distances of more than 20 km (11 nmi). Noise levels from operating wind turbines are low and unlikely to affect porpoises, even at close range.
197:
906:, Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The drive hunt in the Little Belt strait is the best documented example. Thousands of porpoises were caught there until the end of the 19th century (it was banned in 1899), and again in smaller scale during the shortages that occurred in World War I and World War II. A similar, short-lived re-emergence of hunting during the world wars happened in Poland and the Baltic countries. Currently, the species is only hunted as part of the traditional
862:
126:
172:
150:
760:
1092:
1120:
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576: in) long at birth, weighing 6.4–10 kg. Adults of both sexes grow to 1.4 to 1.9 m (4 ft 7 in to 6 ft 3 in). The females are heavier, with a maximum weight of around 76 kg (168 lb) compared with the males' 61 kg (134 lb). The body is robust, and the animal is at its maximum girth just in front of its triangular
969:. Porpoise-scaring devices, so-called pingers, have been developed to keep porpoises out of nets and numerous studies have demonstrated they are very effective at reducing entanglement. However, concern has been raised over the noise pollution created by the pingers and whether their efficiency will diminish over time due to porpoises habituating to the sounds.
739:; the latter region alone is home to about 107,000-300,000 harbour porpoises. The entire North Sea population is about 335,000. In the Western Atlantic it is estimated that there are about 33,000 harbour porpoises along the mid-southwestern coast of Greenland (where increasing temperatures have aided them), 75,000 between the
800:. They will, however, eat squid and crustaceans in certain places. This species tends to feed close to the sea bottom, at least for waters less than 200 metres (110 fathoms) deep. However, when hunting sprat, porpoise may stay closer to the surface. When in deeper waters, porpoises may forage for mid-water fish, such as
950:
is considered the main anthropogenic mortality factor for harbour porpoises worldwide. Several thousand die each year in incidental bycatch, which has been reported from the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, off
California, and along the east coast of the United States and Canada. Bottom-set
710:
reviewed the status of the species in 2018. It concluded that the harbour porpoise population structure is more complex than previously thought, with at least three genetically distinct subspecies in the North
Atlantic. Given the structure of the harbour porpoise population, the workshop delineated
1080:), the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) and the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia (Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU).
807:
Harbour porpoises tend to be solitary foragers, but they do sometimes hunt in packs and herd fish together. Young porpoises need to consume about 7% to 8% of their body weight each day to survive, which is approximately 15 pounds or 7 kilograms of fish. Significant predators of harbour porpoises
999:
from ship traffic and oil platforms is thought to affect the distribution of toothed whales, like the harbour porpoise, that use echolocation for communication and prey detection. Noise from shipping traffic, particularly busy sea lanes, appears to instigate evasive behavior, with predominantly
844:
Some studies suggest porpoises are relatively sedentary and usually do not leave a certain area for long. Nevertheless, they have been recorded to move from onshore to offshore waters along coast. Dives of 220 metres (120 fathoms) by harbour porpoises have been recorded. Dives can last five
804:. A study published in 2016 showed that porpoises off the coast of Denmark were hunting 200 fish per hour during the day and up to 550 per hour at night, catching 90% of the fish they targeted. Almost all the fish they ate were very small, between 3 and 10 cm (1–4 in) long.
848:
The social life of harbour porpoises is not well understood. They are generally seen as a solitary species. Most of the time, porpoises are either alone or in groups of no more than five animals. Porpoises mate promiscuously. Males produce large amounts of sperm, perhaps for
1016:
in their fat tissue. Porpoises have a coastal distribution that potentially brings them close to sources of pollution. Porpoises may not experience any toxic effects until they draw on their fat reserves, such as in periods of food shortage, migration or reproduction.
580:. The beak is poorly demarcated. The flippers, dorsal fin, tail fin and back are a dark grey. The sides are a slightly speckled, lighter grey. The underside is much whiter, though there are usually grey stripes running along the throat from the underside of the body.
609:
The vocalizations of the harbour porpoise is made up of short clicks from 0.5 to 5 milliseconds in bursts up to two seconds long. Each click has a frequency between 1000 and 2200 hertz. Aside from communication, the clicks are used for echolocation.
987:
may reduce preferred prey availability for porpoises. Overfishing resulting in the collapse of herring in the North Sea caused porpoises to hunt for other prey species. Reduction of prey may result from climate change, overfishing, or both.
2474:
Frankish, C.K.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.M.; Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Dietz, R.; Sveegaard, S.; Binnerts, B.; de Jong, C.A.; Nabe-Nielsen, J. (2023). "Ship noise causes tagged harbour porpoises to change direction or dive deeper".
1040:
The harbour porpoise populations of the North Sea, Baltic Sea, western North
Atlantic, Black Sea and North West Africa are protected under Appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
751:. In contrast, some subpopulations are seriously threatened. For example, there are less than 12,000 in the Black Sea, and only about 500 remaining in the Baltic Sea proper, representing a sharp decrease since the mid-1900s.
747:, and 27,000 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The Pacific population off mainland United States is about 73,000 and off Alaska 89,000. After sharp declines in the 20th century, populations have rebounded in the inland waters of
2739:" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
636:. In the Atlantic, harbour porpoises may be present in a curved band of water running from the coast of West Africa to the coasts of Portugal, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Scandinavia,
938:
A harbour porpoise in captivity in
Denmark. The individuals at the center were rescued after being injured following entanglement in fishing gear, showing the danger nets can represent to the species
1413:
772:
Harbour porpoises prefer temperate and subarctic waters. They inhabit fjords, bays, estuaries and harbours, hence their name. They feed mostly on small pelagic schooling fish, particularly
4977:
2408:
Larsen, F (1999). The effect of acoustic alarms on the by-catch of harbour porpoises in the Danish North Sea gill net fishery. Paper SC/51/SM41 presented to the IWC Scientific
Committee
1042:
2551:
Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Teilmann, J.; Skov, H.; Rasmussen, P. (2009). "Pile driving zone of responsiveness extends beyond 20 km for harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, (L.))".
1707:
2645:
Tougaard, J.; Henriksen, O. D.; Miller, L. A. (2009). "Underwater noise from three offshore wind turbines: estimation of impact zones for harbor porpoises and harbor seals".
1947:
Bleijswijk, Judith D. L. van; Begeman, Lineke; Witte, Harry J.; IJsseldijk, Lonneke L.; Brasseur, Sophie M. J. M.; Gröne, Andrea; Leopold, Mardik F. (22 October 2014).
598:
Although conjoined twins are rarely seen in wild mammals, the first known case of a two-headed harbour porpoise was documented in May 2017 when Dutch fishermen in the
1025:
An increase in the temperature of the sea water is likely to affect the distribution of porpoises and their prey, but has not been shown to occur. Reduced stocks of
828:
attack and kill harbour porpoises without eating them due to competition for a decreasing food supply. An alternative explanation is that the adult dolphins exhibit
965:
nautical miles) in length. It is unknown why porpoises become entangled in gill nets, since several studies indicate they are able to detect these nets using their
2682:"Linking sandeel consumption and the likelihood of starvation in harbour porpoises in the Scottish North Sea: could climate change mean more starving porpoises?"
1401:
1076:
In addition, the harbour porpoise is covered by the
Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (
1029:
along the east coast of
Scotland, a pattern linked to climate change, appears to be the main reason for the increase in malnutrition in porpoises in the area.
583:
Many anomalously white coloured individuals have been confirmed, mostly in the North
Atlantic, but also notably around Turkish and British coasts, and in the
874:
Harbour porpoises were traditionally hunted for food, as well as for their blubber, which was used for lighting fuel. Among others, hunting occurred in the
652:
is limited in winter due to sea freezing, and is most common in the southwest parts of the sea. There is another band in the
Pacific Ocean running from the
2789:
Hammond, P.S.; Bearzi, G.; Bjørge, A.; Forney, K.; Karczmarski, L.; Kasuya, T.; Perrin, W.F.; Scott, M.D.; Wang, J.Y.; Wells, R.S.; et al. (2008).
1308:
1263:
IUCN (International Union for
Conservation of Nature) 2008. Phocoena phocoena. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2.
2221:
Teilmann; Tougaard; Miller; Kirketerp; Hansen & Brando (2006). "Reactions of captive harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) to pinger-like sounds".
2520:"Impacts on harbour porpoises from offshore wind farm construction: Acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-PODs)"
731:. Based on surveys in 1994, 2005 and 2016, the harbour porpoise population in this region is stable. The highest densities are in the southwestern
5055:
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in Norway, found that the population was about 467,000 harbour porpoises, making it the most abundant cetacean in the region, together with the
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719:
The harbour porpoise has a global population of at least 700,000. In 2016, a comprehensive survey of the Atlantic region in Europe, from
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bycatch seems to be less of an issue, probably because porpoises are not inclined to feed inside trawls, as dolphins are known to do.
5376:
5396:
5317:
5029:
2969:
Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
1225:
Group, Species account by IUCN SSC Cetacean Specialist; Team, regional assessment by European Mammal Assessment (26 January 2007).
5416:
5330:
5068:
2974:
Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas
2928:
1988:
Westgate, AJ; Read, AJ; Berggren, P; Koopman, HN; Gaskin, DE (1995). "Diving behaviour of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena".
703:
1425:
Schevill, William E.; Watkins, William A.; Ray, Carleton (November 1969). "Click Structure in the Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena".
1376:
1351:
5426:
707:
5185:
5112:
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1882:
1506:
1291:
417:. This porpoise often ventures up rivers, and has been seen hundreds of kilometres from the sea. The harbour porpoise may be
5335:
5073:
2979:
Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia
2924:
5431:
5441:
413:. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familiar porpoise to
5421:
5304:
5016:
2455:
Santos, M.; Pierce, G. (1 January 2003). "The diet of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Northeast Atlantic".
2040:
5391:
5159:
3010:
2140:
1775:
1548:
1037:
Overall, the harbour porpoise is not considered threatened and the total population is in the hundreds of thousands.
111:
5406:
5250:
4050:
2062:
Read, A.; Hohn, A.A. (1995). "Life in the fast lane: The life history of harbor propoises from the Gulf of Maine".
1309:"First records of anomalously white harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Turkish seas with a global review"
603:
1900:"Evidence for infanticide in bottlenose dolphins: an explanation for violent interactions with harbour porpoises?"
5411:
5401:
5151:
4032:
632:
The harbour porpoise species is widespread in cooler coastal waters of the North Atlantic, North Pacific and the
322:
1949:"Detection of grey seal Halichoerus grypus DNA in attack wounds on stranded harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena"
4756:
625:
524:
The species is sometimes known as the common porpoise in texts originating in the United Kingdom. In parts of
5348:
5133:
4173:
3898:
3889:
1328:
1133:
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2818:
1563:
Report of Joint IMR/NAMMCO International Workshop on the Status of Harbour Porpoises in the North Atlantic.
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4702:
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3710:
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5107:
4951:
4929:
4801:
4729:
3940:
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1065:, they consider the Baltic Sea and Western African populations critically endangered, and the subspecies
728:
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4834:
4825:
3752:
3160:
2680:
MacLeod, Colin D; Santos, M. Begoña; Reid, Robert J; Scott, Beth E; Pierce, Graham J (9 January 2007).
2256:
Kastelein, R.; Au, W. W. L. (2000). "Detection distances of bottom-set gill nets by harbour porpoises (
2360:
Kraus, S. D.; Read, A. J.; Solow, A.; Baldwin, K.; Spradlin, T.; Anderson, E.; Williamson, J. (1997).
1729:
1633:
1585:
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196:
2596:"Wind turbine underwater noise and marine mammals: Implications of current knowledge and data needs"
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3552:
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The populations in these regions are not continuous and are classified as separate subspecies with
5125:
2174:
1538:
5229:
4569:
4377:
3561:
1802:"Ultra-High Foraging Rates of Harbor Porpoises Make Them Vulnerable to Anthropogenic Disturbance"
1307:
Tonaya, M.A.; Bilginc, S.; Dedea, A. Akkayab A.; Yeşilçiçekc, T.; Kösec, Ö.; Ceylanc, Y. (2012).
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2860:
836:
are also known to attack harbour porpoises by biting off chunks of fat as a high energy source.
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301:
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2230:
2071:
1960:
1813:
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behaviour and mistake the porpoises for juvenile dolphins which they are believed to kill.
744:
548:
The harbour porpoise is a little smaller than the other porpoises, at about 67–85 cm (
4943:
1751:
1008:
Marine top predators like porpoises and seals accumulate pollutants such as heavy metals,
532:
word for sneeze; both of which refer to the sound made when porpoises surface to breathe.
8:
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4810:
4765:
4478:
4206:
3693:
3609:
3600:
3472:
2098:
2015:
1611:
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139:
2611:
2564:
2488:
2377:
2277:
2234:
2075:
1964:
1817:
1675:
1660:"Abundance of harbour porpoise and other cetaceans in the North Sea and adjacent waters"
942:
The main threat to porpoises is static fishing techniques such as gill and tangle nets.
429:
in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, an unnamed population in the northwestern Pacific and
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4248:
4015:
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1125:
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748:
371:
191:
176:
2285:
1565:
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission and the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
934:
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1997:
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1911:
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it is known colloquially as the puffing pig, and in Norway ‘nise’, derived from an
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1497:
Bjørge, A.; K.A. Tolley (2018). Würsig, B.; J.G.M. Thewissen; K.M. Kovacs (eds.).
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2736:
1539:
Randall R. Reeves; Brent S. Stewart; Phillip J. Clapham; James A. Powell (2002).
996:
525:
490:
476:
418:
5138:
5099:
1898:
Patterson, IA; Reid, RJ; Wilson, B; Grellier, K; Ross, HM; Thompson, PM (1998).
1730:"St Andrews researchers help secure survival of the Baltic Sea harbour porpoise"
475:(fish). The old word is probably a loan-translation of a Germanic word, compare
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3334:
3325:
3057:
1143:
1111:
777:
502:
457:
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1869:
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1801:
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2846:
2795:
1283:
Whales, Dolphins and Seals - A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World
1189:
1058:
883:
740:
702:
Concerning the North Atlantic, an international workshop co-organised by the
661:
318:
181:
159:
154:
62:
5309:
2978:
1586:"New study: 1.5 million whales, dolphins and porpoises in European Atlantic"
914:
times, harbour porpoises were also hunted in many areas, for example by the
861:
5021:
4914:
4533:
4096:
4087:
4077:
3205:
3085:
3069:
2788:
2715:
2697:
2666:
2594:
Madsen, P. T.; Wahlberg, M.; Tougaard, J.; Lucke, K.; Tyack, P. L. (2006).
2580:
2504:
2440:
2419:
2338:
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1915:
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points out that conjoined twins in whales and dolphins are extremely rare.
588:
483:
2473:
1933:
1352:"Incredibly rare white harbour porpoise spotted off the coast of Cornwall"
5224:
5120:
5042:
4923:
4294:
3535:
3134:
3063:
2988:
1178:
984:
915:
911:
903:
891:
724:
688:
657:
641:
248:
37:
421:, with geographically distinct populations representing distinct races:
125:
5322:
5177:
5034:
3310:
3301:
3259:
3100:
2620:
2595:
2536:
2519:
1836:
1446:
833:
673:
649:
584:
577:
448:
82:
47:
2658:
2630:
2572:
2329:
2308:
1973:
1948:
759:
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caught them by chance. A study published by the online journal of the
5047:
5003:
4551:
4413:
3277:
3232:
2885:. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
2754:"HELCOM Red List of Baltic Sea species in danger of becoming extinct"
1377:"Rare white porpoise spotted off the coast of Cornwall in Mounts Bay"
1013:
951:
gill nets are anchored to the sea floor and are up to 23 kilometres (
947:
875:
801:
732:
720:
648:
and the eastern seaboard of the United States. The population in the
633:
599:
529:
510:
208:
87:
4885:
2001:
1438:
1414:
The first case of conjoined twin harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena
5276:
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4908:
4312:
4285:
4197:
4138:
3931:
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3051:
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1077:
1026:
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410:
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278:
268:
228:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
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919:
5343:
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4358:
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4111:
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1226:
943:
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402:
258:
92:
67:
30:
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1946:
3848:
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3033:
2749:
2220:
1279:
1054:
923:
899:
665:
238:
218:
2907:
Friel, D.; Sleeman, D.P. (2010). "A neonate harbour porpoise (
2550:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
5237:
4432:
4423:
4322:
1541:
National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World
1306:
1264:
1045:). In 2013, the two Baltic Sea subpopulations were listed as
907:
797:
2973:
2964:
Convention on Migratory Species page on the Harbour porpoise
2306:
1404:- Retrieved from National Geographic website - June 14, 2017
4368:
3776:
2593:
2517:
1987:
1897:
1155:
1062:
781:
2831:
3401:
2958:
2418:
Cox, T. M.; Read, A. J.; Solow, A.; Tregenza, N. (2001).
2309:"Echolocation signals of free-ranging harbour porpoises,
1105:
789:
2968:
1227:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Phocoena phocoena"
1179:
Braulik, G.; Minton , G.; Amano, M.; Bjørge, A. (2020).
839:
3083:
2644:
2518:
Carstensen, J.; Henriksen, O. D.; Teilmann, J. (2006).
2679:
1057:. Although the species overall is considered to be of
2359:
2307:
Villadsgaard, A.; Wahlberg, M.; Tougaard, J. (2007).
2160:(in Danish). Middelfart By- og Egnshistoriske Museum.
2041:"Marsvinet Freja bliver optaget i Guinness rekordbog"
1776:"For harbor porpoises, the ocean is a 24-hour buffet"
1496:
2417:
1087:
1608:"Marsvin og delfiner boltrer sig i danske farvande"
2984:Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the Harbour Porpoise
2124:
2061:
2008:
1868:
1708:"Sound seeing increase in harbor porpoise numbers"
1424:
1580:
1578:
1576:
5363:
1799:
1773:
1501:(3 ed.). Academic Press. pp. 448–451.
441:The English word porpoise comes from the French
2959:Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)
2216:
2214:
1722:
2791:"Phocoena phocoena (Baltic Sea subpopulation)"
1573:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1204:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T17027A50369903.en
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3004:
1800:Wisniewska, D.M.; et al. (6 June 2016).
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1458:
1456:
910:hunt in the Arctic, notably in Greenland. In
2906:
2454:
2211:
1866:
711:18 assessment areas for the North Atlantic.
451:
442:
2861:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T17030A6737111.en
2362:"Acoustic alarms reduce porpoise mortality"
2255:
1891:
470:
460:
3018:
3011:
2997:
2951:images and movies of the harbour porpoise
2722:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1453:
1349:
1280:Shirihai, Hadoram; Jarrett, Brett (2006).
1275:
1273:
357:
170:
148:
124:
110:
4504:
4458:
2859:
2705:
2629:
2619:
2535:
2439:
2385:
2328:
2177:. North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
2169:
2167:
1972:
1923:
1835:
1825:
1732:. University of St. Andrews. 8 March 2017
1683:
1313:Hystrix: The Italian Journal of Mammalogy
1224:
1202:
119:Harbour porpoise in Ecomare, Netherlands
2155:
1418:
1402:Two-Headed Porpoise Found For First Time
933:
860:
758:
695:population in the northwest Pacific and
624:
617:
539:
409:. It is one of the smallest species of
4283:
2929:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2832:Birkun Jr.; A.A.; Frantzis, A. (2008).
1877:. Stillwater, MN, USA: Voyageur Press.
1795:
1793:
1657:
1588:. University of St. Andrews. 2 May 2017
1515:
1270:
1257:
845:minutes but typically last one minute.
704:North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
683:in the North Atlantic and West Africa,
425:in the North Atlantic and West Africa,
5364:
4421:
3360:
2748:
2164:
2131:. Stanford University Press. pp.
2127:Prehistoric Europe: The Economic Basis
1600:
1032:
708:Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
4890:
4889:
3400:
3082:
2992:
2122:
1769:
1767:
1752:"Phocoena phocoena (Harbor porpoise)"
840:Behaviour, reproduction and life-span
5349:783AAFA4-862C-4775-B2B2-FA37D470C69E
4320:
2761:Baltic Sea Environmental Proceedings
2123:Clark, John Grahame Douglas (1966).
2016:"Phocoena phocoena, harbor porpoise"
1860:
1790:
1658:Hammond, P. S.; et al. (2002).
824:have also discovered that the local
714:
544:Harbour porpoise skeleton on display
5372:IUCN Red List least concern species
4366:
2847:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2796:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1350:Smallcombe, Mike (19 August 2018).
1231:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1190:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
2900:
2084:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00667.x
1764:
991:
754:
133:Size compared to an average human
14:
5453:
4033:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
2943:
2096:
2043:. avisendanmark.dk. 1 August 2023
1774:Zielinski, Sarah (12 June 2016).
1020:
5377:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2243:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00031.x
1685:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00713.x
1118:
1104:
1090:
604:Natural History Museum Rotterdam
195:
35:
5397:Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
4174:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
4051:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
3899:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
3890:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
2875:
2825:
2782:
2742:
2673:
2638:
2587:
2544:
2511:
2497:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115755
2467:
2448:
2411:
2402:
2353:
2300:
2249:
2189:
2149:
2116:
2090:
2055:
2033:
1981:
1940:
1744:
1700:
1651:
1626:
1557:
613:
501:, is the Latinized form of the
497:. The species' taxonomic name,
456:, 12th century), which is from
5417:Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean
3720:Southern right whale dolphin (
3711:Northern right whale dolphin (
3643:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
1953:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1499:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
1407:
1395:
1369:
1343:
1300:
1218:
979:
763:A harbour porpoise off Denmark
535:
509:, "big seal", as described by
1:
5427:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean
4757:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
4730:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
3941:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
3908:Australian humpback dolphin (
3670:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
2286:10.1016/s0141-1136(99)00081-1
1267:. Downloaded on 25 July 2015.
1149:
1134:List of marine mammal species
433:in the northeastern Pacific.
3753:Australian snubfin dolphin (
3161:North Atlantic right whale (
1286:. A&C Black Publishers.
1003:
816:(orcas). Researchers at the
7:
5432:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4703:Blainville's beaked whale (
4644:Tropical bottlenose whale (
4620:Southern bottlenose whale (
4611:Northern bottlenose whale (
4060:Common bottlenose dolphin (
3917:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
3170:North Pacific right whale (
2260:) and bottlenose dolphins (
1710:. Kitsap Sun. 17 March 2016
1083:
930:Interactions with fisheries
699:in the northeast Pacific.
436:
10:
5458:
5442:Habitats Directive species
4802:Stejneger's beaked whale (
4183:Yangtze finless porpoise (
3968:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
3553:Short-finned pilot whale (
2911:(L.)) with damaged skin".
2457:Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev
1664:Journal of Applied Ecology
1265:http://www.iucnredlist.org
869:
856:
767:
5422:Mammals described in 1758
5266:
4898:
4847:
4835:Shepherd's beaked whale (
4823:
4656:
4632:
4591:
4549:
4532:
4495:
4449:
4412:
4378:Araguaian river dolphin (
4357:
4311:
4274:
4246:
4195:
4154:
4137:
4109:
4085:
4076:
4013:
3989:
3929:
3870:
3837:
3813:
3789:
3765:
3732:
3691:
3622:
3598:
3574:
3562:Long-finned pilot whale (
3533:
3509:
3485:
3434:
3417:
3413:
3396:
3351:
3323:
3299:
3203:
3186:
3132:
3108:
3099:
3095:
3078:
3028:
2763:(140): 92. Archived from
2477:Marine Pollution Bulletin
2420:"Will harbour porpoises (
1827:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.069
1325:10.4404/hystrix-23.2-4792
972:Mortality resulting from
465:, which is a compound of
401:) is one of eight extant
377:
370:
365:
356:
335:
330:
307:
300:
192:Scientific classification
190:
168:
146:
137:
132:
123:
118:
109:
23:
5392:Mammals of North America
4721:Gervais's beaked whale (
4676:Sowerby's beaked whale (
4387:Bolivian river dolphin (
2735:21 February 2012 at the
2428:J. Cetacean. Res. Manage
2424:) habituate to pingers?"
2199:. Ceta Base. 4 July 2018
2158:Marsvin og marsvinjægere
1990:Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci
1543:. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
591:and around the coast of
366:Harbour porpoise range.
5407:Fauna of the Baltic Sea
4859:Cuvier's beaked whale (
4784:Perrin's beaked whale (
4748:Hector's beaked whale (
4712:Ramari's beaked whale (
4685:Andrews' beaked whale (
4561:Arnoux's beaked whale (
4234:Burmeister's porpoise (
4001:Rough-toothed dolphin (
3425:(Oceanic dolphins)
3224:Antarctic minke whale (
735:and oceans of mainland
5412:Fauna of the Black Sea
5402:Fauna of the North Sea
4570:Baird's beaked whale (
4470:Ganges river dolphin (
4396:Amazon river dolphin (
3777:Orca or killer whale (
3701:(Right whale dolphins)
3634:White-beaked dolphin (
3152:Southern right whale (
2698:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0588
2441:10.47536/jcrm.v3i1.904
2156:Petersen, Åge (1969).
1916:10.1098/rspb.1998.0414
939:
866:
818:University of Aberdeen
764:
629:
622:
545:
471:
461:
452:
443:
5212:Paleobiology Database
4811:Spade-toothed whale (
4775:True's beaked whale (
4766:Strap-toothed whale (
4739:Gray's beaked whale (
4694:Hubbs' beaked whale (
4579:Sato's beaked whale (
4479:Indus river dolphin (
4207:Spectacled porpoise (
4023:(Bottlenose dolphins)
3464:Heaviside's dolphin (
3446:Commerson's dolphin (
3251:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
2223:Marine Mammal Science
2064:Marine Mammal Science
1867:Read, Andrew (1999).
1638:Naturhistorisk Museum
1383:. ITV. 20 August 2018
1197:: e.T17027A50369903.
1051:critically endangered
937:
918:of the east coast of
864:
762:
687:in the Black Sea and
628:
621:
543:
4793:Pygmy beaked whale (
4666:(Mesoplodont whales)
3825:False killer whale (
3801:Melon-headed whale (
3521:Pygmy killer whale (
3215:Common minke whale (
2854:: e.T17030A6737111.
2600:Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser
2524:Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser
1757:Animal Diversity Web
1427:Journal of Mammalogy
865:Dead porpoise ashore
745:Gulf of St. Lawrence
493:had a similar name,
5387:Cetaceans of Europe
4601:(Bottlenose whales)
4341:Dwarf sperm whale (
4332:Pygmy sperm whale (
4164:(Finless porpoises)
3880:(Humpback dolphins)
3744:Irrawaddy dolphin (
3661:Hourglass dolphin (
3372:Pygmy right whale (
2953:(Phocoena phocoena)
2925:"Phocoena phocoena"
2883:"Phocoena phocoena"
2612:2006MEPS..309..279M
2565:2009ASAJ..126...11T
2489:2023MarPB.19715755F
2378:1997Natur.388..525K
2278:2000MarER..49..359K
2235:2006MMamS..22..240T
2099:"Marsvin i Danmark"
2076:1995MMamS..11..423R
2020:animaldiversity.org
1965:2014MEPS..513..277V
1818:2016CBio...26.1441W
1676:2002JApEc..39..361H
1612:Fyens Stiftstidende
1033:Conservation status
826:bottlenose dolphins
383:Linnaeus, 1758
140:Conservation status
5268:Delphinus phocoena
4516:La Plata dolphin (
4216:Harbour porpoise (
4185:N. asiaeorientalis
4042:Burrunan dolphin (
3610:Fraser's dolphin (
3473:Hector's dolphin (
2817:}}: old-form url (
2647:J. Acoust. Soc. Am
2621:10.3354/meps309279
2553:J. Acoust. Soc. Am
2537:10.3354/meps321295
2262:Tursiops truncatus
2197:"Fjord & Bælt"
2175:"Harbour porpoise"
1249:has generic name (
1126:Marine life portal
940:
867:
765:
630:
623:
546:
513:; this from φώκη,
380:Delphinus phocoena
5359:
5358:
5199:Open Tree of Life
4983:phocoena-phocoena
4944:Phocoena_phocoena
4930:Phocoena phocoena
4900:Phocoena phocoena
4892:Taxon identifiers
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4669:
4604:
4543:
4528:
4527:
4491:
4490:
4445:
4444:
4408:
4407:
4353:
4352:
4307:
4306:
4270:
4269:
4258:Dall's porpoise (
4167:
4148:
4133:
4132:
4072:
4071:
4026:
3977:Spinner dolphin (
3959:Striped dolphin (
3950:Clymene dolphin (
3883:
3704:
3652:Peale's dolphin (
3586:Risso's dolphin (
3546:
3455:Chilean dolphin (
3428:
3407:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3347:
3346:
3197:
3182:
3181:
3145:
3089:
2909:Phocoena phocoena
2836:Phocoena phocoena
2770:on 7 October 2014
2659:10.1121/1.3117444
2573:10.1121/1.3132523
2422:Phocoena phocoena
2330:10.1242/jeb.02618
2311:Phocoena phocoena
2266:Mar. Environ. Res
2258:Phocoena phocoena
1974:10.3354/meps11004
1910:(1402): 1167–70.
1884:978-0-89658-420-4
1812:(11): 1441–1446.
1508:978-0-12-804327-1
1293:978-0-7136-7037-0
1183:Phocoena phocoena
1139:List of cetaceans
1069:of the Black Sea
851:sperm competition
715:Population status
499:Phocoena phocoena
398:Phocoena phocoena
389:
388:
311:Phocoena phocoena
185:
163:
16:Species of mammal
5449:
5352:
5351:
5339:
5338:
5326:
5325:
5313:
5312:
5300:
5299:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5259:
5258:
5246:
5245:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5219:
5207:
5206:
5194:
5193:
5181:
5180:
5168:
5167:
5155:
5154:
5142:
5141:
5139:NBNSYS0000005172
5129:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5103:
5102:
5090:
5089:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5038:
5037:
5025:
5024:
5012:
5011:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4959:
4947:
4946:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4887:
4886:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4502:
4501:
4456:
4455:
4419:
4418:
4380:I. araguaiaensis
4364:
4363:
4318:
4317:
4297:P. macrocephalus
4281:
4280:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4083:
4082:
4025:
4024:
4020:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3858:Guiana dolphin (
3703:
3702:
3698:
3555:G. macrorhynchus
3545:
3544:
3540:
3497:Common dolphin (
3432:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3406:(Toothed whales)
3405:
3398:
3397:
3358:
3357:
3335:Humpback whale (
3217:B. acutorostrata
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3079:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2920:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2758:
2746:
2740:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2653:(6): 3766–3773.
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2623:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2332:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2130:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1996:(5): 1064–1073.
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1839:
1829:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
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1704:
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1697:
1687:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
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1593:
1582:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1536:
1513:
1512:
1494:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1327:. Archived from
1304:
1298:
1297:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1176:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1098:Cetaceans portal
1095:
1094:
1093:
1053:respectively by
964:
963:
959:
956:
749:Washington state
670:British Columbia
575:
574:
570:
567:
561:
560:
556:
553:
495:porculus marinus
474:
464:
455:
446:
393:harbour porpoise
384:
361:
313:
293:P. phocoena
200:
199:
179:
174:
173:
157:
152:
151:
128:
114:
104:
34:
27:Temporal range:
24:Harbour porpoise
21:
20:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5437:Holarctic fauna
5362:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5347:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5321:
5316:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5290:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5262:
5254:
5249:
5241:
5236:
5228:
5223:
5215:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5189:
5184:
5176:
5173:Observation.org
5171:
5165:harbor-porpoise
5163:
5158:
5150:
5145:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5098:
5093:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5067:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5041:
5033:
5028:
5020:
5015:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4894:
4884:
4867:
4843:
4819:
4705:M. densirostris
4665:
4664:
4662:
4652:
4628:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4587:
4540:(Beaked whales)
4539:
4538:
4536:
4524:
4487:
4441:
4404:
4349:
4303:
4266:
4242:
4191:
4176:N. phocaenoides
4163:
4162:
4160:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4129:
4105:
4068:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4009:
3985:
3979:S. longirostris
3961:S. coeruleoalba
3925:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3866:
3833:
3809:
3785:
3761:
3746:O. brevirostris
3728:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3679:Dusky dolphin (
3618:
3594:
3570:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3529:
3505:
3481:
3437:Cephalorhynchus
3424:
3423:
3421:
3409:
3380:
3343:
3337:M. novaeangliae
3319:
3295:
3269:Omura's whale (
3242:Bryde's whale (
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:Balaenopteridae
3178:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3128:
3120:Bowhead whale (
3091:
3088:(Baleen whales)
3074:
3024:
3017:
2946:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2903:
2901:Further reading
2898:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2830:
2826:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2737:Wayback Machine
2727:
2723:
2686:Biology Letters
2678:
2674:
2643:
2639:
2592:
2588:
2549:
2545:
2516:
2512:
2472:
2468:
2453:
2449:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2358:
2354:
2305:
2301:
2254:
2250:
2219:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:Kinze, Carl C.
2095:
2091:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2002:10.1139/f95-104
1986:
1982:
1945:
1941:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1865:
1861:
1806:Current Biology
1798:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1728:
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1656:
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1642:
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1627:
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1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1537:
1516:
1509:
1495:
1454:
1439:10.2307/1378247
1423:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
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1370:
1360:
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1348:
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1334:
1332:
1331:on 4 March 2016
1305:
1301:
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1177:
1156:
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1124:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1035:
1023:
1006:
994:
992:Noise pollution
982:
961:
957:
954:
952:
932:
872:
859:
842:
770:
757:
755:Natural history
717:
616:
572:
568:
565:
563:
558:
554:
551:
549:
538:
526:Atlantic Canada
491:Classical Latin
439:
382:
326:
315:
309:
296:
194:
186:
175:
171:
164:
153:
149:
142:
105:
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102:
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100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5455:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5340:
5327:
5314:
5301:
5288:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5247:
5234:
5221:
5208:
5195:
5182:
5169:
5156:
5143:
5130:
5117:
5104:
5091:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5039:
5026:
5013:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4961:
4948:
4935:
4920:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:Z. cavirostris
4855:
4853:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4763:
4754:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4544:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:P. blainvillei
4512:
4510:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:I. geoffrensis
4393:
4389:I. boliviensis
4384:
4374:
4372:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:P. spinipinnis
4231:
4222:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4149:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4097:Beluga whale (
4093:
4091:
4088:Delphinapterus
4080:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:S. bredanensis
3997:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3855:
3851:S. fluviatilis
3845:
3843:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3676:
3672:L. obliquidens
3667:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3636:L. albirostris
3630:
3628:
3625:Lagenorhynchus
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3543:(Pilot whales)
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3448:C. commersonii
3442:
3440:
3429:
3411:
3410:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3287:Rice's whale (
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3226:B. bonaerensis
3221:
3211:
3209:
3198:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3142:(Right whales)
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3058:Laurasiatheria
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2945:
2944:External links
2942:
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2874:
2824:
2781:
2741:
2721:
2672:
2637:
2586:
2543:
2510:
2466:
2447:
2410:
2401:
2352:
2299:
2272:(4): 359–375.
2248:
2229:(2): 240–260.
2210:
2188:
2163:
2148:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2070:(4): 423–440.
2054:
2032:
2007:
1980:
1939:
1890:
1883:
1859:
1789:
1778:. Science News
1763:
1743:
1721:
1699:
1670:(2): 361–376.
1650:
1625:
1599:
1572:
1556:
1549:
1514:
1507:
1452:
1433:(4): 721–728.
1417:
1406:
1394:
1368:
1342:
1299:
1292:
1269:
1256:
1217:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:Marine biology
1141:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1115:
1112:Mammals portal
1101:
1085:
1082:
1034:
1031:
1022:
1021:Climate change
1019:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
981:
978:
946:in bottom-set
931:
928:
871:
868:
858:
855:
841:
838:
769:
766:
756:
753:
729:common dolphin
716:
713:
697:P. p. vomerina
681:P. p. phocoena
615:
612:
537:
534:
458:Medieval Latin
438:
435:
431:P. p. vomerina
423:P. p. phocoena
415:whale watchers
387:
386:
375:
374:
368:
367:
363:
362:
354:
353:
352:
351:
349:P. p. vomerina
346:
341:
339:P. p. phocoena
333:
332:
328:
327:
316:
305:
304:
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26:
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9:
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3:
2:
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5153:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
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4936:
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4910:
4906:
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4903:
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4897:
4893:
4888:
4864:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4804:M. stejnegeri
4800:
4798:
4796:
4795:M. peruvianus
4791:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4732:M. ginkgodens
4728:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4696:M. carlhubbsi
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4622:H. planifrons
4618:
4616:
4614:
4613:H. ampullatus
4609:
4608:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:Pontoporiidae
4494:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Platanistidae
4448:
4438:
4436:
4435:L. vexillifer
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4295:Sperm whale (
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4253:
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4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4221:
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4214:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4204:
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4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3910:S. sahulensis
3906:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3860:S. guianensis
3856:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3827:P. crassidens
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3792:Peponocephala
3788:
3782:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:Lagenodelphis
3597:
3591:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3466:C. heavisidii
3462:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3399:
3395:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Cetotheriidae
3350:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3122:B. mysticetus
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2884:
2878:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2387:10.1038/41451
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:(6642): 525.
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2198:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2142:9780416832402
2138:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2119:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2042:
2036:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:Proc Biol Sci
1901:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1731:
1725:
1709:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1613:
1610:(in Danish).
1609:
1603:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1550:0-375-41141-0
1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1357:
1356:Cornwall Live
1353:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:P. p. relicta
1064:
1060:
1059:Least Concern
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1001:
998:
989:
986:
977:
975:
970:
968:
949:
945:
936:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:Bay of Biscay
881:
877:
863:
854:
852:
846:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:killer whales
811:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
761:
752:
750:
746:
742:
741:Gulf of Maine
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:P. p. relicta
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:Bering Strait
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:, Greenland,
639:
635:
627:
620:
611:
607:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
542:
533:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:(sea swine).
488:
485:
481:
478:
473:
468:
463:
459:
454:
450:
445:
434:
432:
428:
427:P. p. relicta
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
364:
360:
355:
350:
347:
345:
344:P. p. relicta
342:
340:
337:
336:
334:
329:
324:
320:
314:
312:
306:
303:
302:Binomial name
299:
295:
294:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
189:
183:
178:
167:
161:
156:
155:Least Concern
145:
141:
136:
131:
127:
122:
117:
113:
108:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:
22:
19:
5267:
4899:
4860:
4848:
4837:T. shepherdi
4836:
4824:
4813:M. traversii
4812:
4803:
4794:
4785:
4776:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4723:M. europaeus
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4657:
4646:I. pacificus
4645:
4633:
4621:
4612:
4592:
4580:
4571:
4562:
4550:
4517:
4505:
4480:
4472:P. gangetica
4471:
4459:
4434:
4422:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4367:
4342:
4334:K. breviceps
4333:
4321:
4296:
4284:
4276:Physeteridae
4259:
4249:Phocoenoides
4247:
4235:
4226:
4217:
4215:
4209:P. dioptrica
4208:
4196:
4184:
4175:
4155:
4123:M. monoceros
4122:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4078:Monodontidae
4062:T. truncatus
4061:
4053:T. erebennus
4052:
4044:T. australis
4043:
4034:
4014:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3970:S. frontalis
3969:
3960:
3951:
3943:S. attenuata
3942:
3930:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3892:S. chinensis
3891:
3871:
3859:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3755:O. heinsohni
3754:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3712:
3694:Lissodelphis
3692:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3654:L. australis
3653:
3644:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3554:
3536:Globicephala
3534:
3523:F. attenuata
3522:
3510:
3498:
3486:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3435:
3374:C. marginata
3373:
3361:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3311:Gray whale (
3302:Eschrichtius
3300:
3288:
3279:
3270:
3261:
3260:Blue whale (
3252:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3216:
3206:Balaenoptera
3204:
3171:
3163:E. glacialis
3162:
3154:E. australis
3153:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3070:Whippomorpha
3064:Artiodactyla
2952:
2932:. Retrieved
2916:
2912:
2908:
2887:. Retrieved
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2851:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2804:. Retrieved
2800:
2794:
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2765:the original
2760:
2744:
2724:
2692:(2): 185–8.
2689:
2685:
2675:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2559:(1): 11–14.
2556:
2552:
2546:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2434:(1): 81–86.
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2404:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2323:(1): 56–64.
2320:
2317:J. Exp. Biol
2316:
2310:
2302:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2226:
2222:
2201:. Retrieved
2191:
2179:. Retrieved
2157:
2151:
2126:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2092:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1873:
1870:
1862:
1809:
1805:
1780:. Retrieved
1755:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1702:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1643:17 September
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1628:
1616:. Retrieved
1614:. 2 May 2017
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1567:
1564:
1559:
1540:
1498:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1409:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1329:the original
1316:
1312:
1302:
1284:
1281:
1259:
1247:|last1=
1230:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1194:
1188:
1182:
1075:
1066:
1039:
1036:
1024:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
967:echolocation
941:
894:strait, off
873:
847:
843:
830:infanticidal
810:white sharks
806:
771:
718:
701:
696:
684:
680:
678:
654:Sea of Japan
646:Newfoundland
631:
614:Distribution
608:
597:
589:Bay of Fundy
582:
547:
523:
514:
506:
498:
494:
486:
484:Middle Dutch
479:
466:
440:
430:
426:
422:
397:
396:
392:
390:
379:
378:
348:
343:
338:
310:
308:
292:
291:
279:
255:Infraorder:
249:Artiodactyla
18:
5225:SeaLifeBase
5121:NatureServe
5043:iNaturalist
4924:Wikispecies
4768:M. layardii
4687:M. bowdoini
4635:Indopacetus
4218:P. phocoena
4157:Neophocoena
4145:(Porpoises)
4139:Phocoenidae
3713:L. borealis
3681:L. obscurus
3663:L. cruciger
3457:C. eutropia
3419:Delphinidae
3404:Odontoceti
3313:E. robustus
3280:B. physalus
3278:Fin whale (
3262:B. musculus
3235:B. borealis
3233:Sei whale (
3172:E. japonica
3056:Superorder
3050:Infraclass
2867:12 November
2730:Appendix II
2606:: 279–295.
2530:: 295–308.
2104:. Hvaler.dk
1959:: 277–281.
1837:10023/10866
1210:12 November
985:Overfishing
980:Overfishing
916:Alby People
912:prehistoric
904:Puget Sound
892:Little Belt
725:Vestfjorden
689:Sea of Azov
658:Vladivostok
642:Nova Scotia
536:Description
462:porcopiscus
331:Subspecies
269:Phocoenidae
5366:Categories
5283:Q109647226
4826:Tasmacetus
4786:M. perrini
4759:M. hotaula
4750:M. hectori
4659:Mesoplodon
4594:Hyperoodon
4581:B. minimus
4572:B. bairdii
4563:B. arnuxii
4507:Pontoporia
4461:Platanista
4035:T. aduncus
3952:S. clymene
3919:S. teuszii
3901:S. plumbea
3803:P. electra
3722:L. peronii
3588:G. griseus
3499:D. delphis
3475:C. hectori
3402:Parvorder
3194:(Rorquals)
3101:Balaenidae
3086:Mysticeti
3084:Parvorder
2913:Ir. Nat. J
2631:10023/3847
2483:: 115755.
2463:: 355–390.
2108:22 October
1150:References
1071:endangered
1047:vulnerable
1014:pesticides
898:, western
834:Grey seals
802:pearlsides
674:California
650:Baltic Sea
585:Wadden Sea
578:dorsal fin
469:(pig) and
449:Old French
184:) (Europe)
177:Vulnerable
4678:M. bidens
4552:Berardius
4534:Ziphiidae
4414:Lipotidae
4225:Vaquita (
4121:Narwhal (
4099:D. leucas
3816:Pseudorca
3645:L. acutus
3488:Delphinus
3326:Megaptera
3271:B. omurai
3244:B. brydei
3135:Eubalaena
3068:Suborder
2949:ARKive -
2815:cite iucn
2181:21 August
2047:21 August
1872:Porpoises
1634:"Marsvin"
1387:20 August
1361:20 August
1004:Pollution
948:gill nets
890:, in the
882:, in the
876:Black Sea
733:North Sea
721:Gibraltar
634:Black Sea
600:North Sea
530:Old Norse
511:Aristotle
505:φώκαινα,
487:mereswijn
419:polytypic
287:Species:
215:Kingdom:
209:Eukaryota
5382:Phocoena
5277:Wikidata
5238:Species+
5126:2.103916
5113:14300116
5061:11135562
4996:46559342
4909:Wikidata
4850:Ziphius
4777:M. mirus
4741:M. grayi
4481:P. minor
4343:K. simus
4313:Kogiidae
4286:Physeter
4260:P. dalli
4227:P. sinus
4198:Phocoena
4016:Tursiops
3932:Stenella
3849:Tucuxi (
3735:Orcaella
3612:L. hosei
3564:G. melas
3289:B. ricei
3253:B. edeni
3052:Eutheria
3046:Mammalia
3040:Chordata
3034:Animalia
3032:Kingdom
2934:18 March
2774:3 August
2752:(2013).
2733:Archived
2716:17251125
2667:19507958
2581:19603857
2505:37976591
2339:17170148
2294:11285736
1846:27238281
1782:18 March
1694:59474268
1381:ITV News
1239:cite web
1084:See also
1078:ASCOBANS
1027:sand eel
974:trawling
888:Flanders
880:Normandy
822:Scotland
808:include
706:and the
593:Cornwall
507:phōkaina
444:pourpois
437:Taxonomy
411:cetacean
407:porpoise
372:Synonyms
319:Linnaeus
280:Phocoena
265:Family:
239:Mammalia
229:Chordata
225:Phylum:
219:Animalia
205:Domain:
182:IUCN 3.1
160:IUCN 3.1
33:– Recent
5344:ZooBank
5323:2440674
5100:1006450
5035:2440669
4714:M. eueu
4433:Baiji (
4424:Lipotes
4359:Iniidae
4112:Monodon
3840:Sotalia
3779:O. orca
3768:Orcinus
3577:Grampus
3363:Caperea
3111:Balaena
3038:Phylum
3023:species
3021:Cetacea
3019:Extant
2840:relicta
2707:2375924
2608:Bibcode
2561:Bibcode
2485:Bibcode
2396:4412647
2374:Bibcode
2347:6184532
2274:Bibcode
2231:Bibcode
2072:Bibcode
1961:Bibcode
1934:9699310
1925:1689180
1854:3923189
1814:Bibcode
1672:Bibcode
1447:1378247
1061:by the
960:⁄
944:Bycatch
896:Iceland
870:Hunting
857:Threats
794:capelin
786:sardine
778:pollack
774:herring
768:Ecology
737:Denmark
693:unnamed
638:Iceland
571:⁄
557:⁄
480:marsvin
453:porpais
403:species
275:Genus:
259:Cetacea
245:Order:
235:Class:
180: (
158: (
99:↓
31:Miocene
5336:771098
5256:137117
5204:851312
5191:137117
5074:180473
5009:POCAPH
4915:Q27027
3512:Feresa
3062:Order
3044:Class
2889:1 June
2806:1 June
2750:HELCOM
2714:
2704:
2665:
2579:
2503:
2394:
2366:Nature
2345:
2337:
2292:
2203:4 July
2139:
2025:3 July
1932:
1922:
1881:
1852:
1844:
1736:1 June
1714:29 May
1692:
1618:1 June
1592:1 June
1570:: 7-13
1547:
1505:
1445:
1335:8 July
1290:
1055:HELCOM
924:Sweden
900:Norway
886:, off
878:, off
796:, and
672:, and
666:Alaska
660:, the
477:Danish
472:piscus
467:porcus
5310:14460
5305:EUNIS
5297:34JY4
5251:WoRMS
5243:11185
5230:69402
5217:63544
5087:17027
5056:IRMNG
5048:41440
5017:EUNIS
4970:77C9R
4957:29235
4323:Kogia
3992:Steno
3873:Sousa
2919:: 55.
2838:ssp.
2768:(PDF)
2757:(PDF)
2392:S2CID
2343:S2CID
2133:67–68
2102:(PDF)
1850:S2CID
1690:S2CID
1443:JSTOR
1319:(2).
997:Noise
920:Öland
908:Inuit
902:, in
798:sprat
691:, an
515:phōkē
503:Greek
5331:ITIS
5318:GBIF
5186:OBIS
5160:NOAA
5152:9742
5147:NCBI
5082:IUCN
5069:ITIS
5030:GBIF
5022:1510
5004:EPPO
4952:BOLD
4369:Inia
2936:2006
2891:2017
2869:2021
2852:2008
2819:help
2808:2017
2801:2008
2776:2014
2712:PMID
2663:PMID
2577:PMID
2501:PMID
2335:PMID
2290:PMID
2264:)".
2205:2018
2183:2023
2137:ISBN
2110:2016
2049:2023
2027:2018
1930:PMID
1879:ISBN
1842:PMID
1784:2017
1738:2017
1716:2018
1645:2021
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