596:
random event Seldon could not have predicted) and the seizure of power by a military junta. Seldon eventually causes the fall of the junta by dropping subtle false hints about what
Psychohistory foresees, leading to the Junta making unpopular decisions. However, an agent of the Junta inside Seldon's team, having deduced that Dors is a robot, builds a device that ultimately kills her, leaving Seldon heartbroken. Years later, Seldon discovers that his granddaughter Wanda has telepathic abilities and begins searching for others like her but fails. Raych eventually decides to move his family to the planet Santanni, but Wanda chooses to remain with her elderly grandfather. However, just after they arrive a rebellion breaks out on the planet and Raych is killed in the fighting. His wife and child are lost when their ship disappears. Seldon eventually finds Stettin Palver, another telepath who becomes Wanda's husband and the pair are eventually instrumental in creating the Second Foundation.
556:
iterations before the onset of chaotic noise smears discerning sets of events). He does so using a technique invented that past century. At first, Seldon has no idea how this could be done in practice, and he is fairly confident that no one could actually fulfill the possibility. Shortly after his presentation, he becomes a lightning rod for political forces who want to use psychohistory for their own purposes. The rest of the novel tells of his flight, which lasts for approximately a year and which takes him through the complex and variegated world of
Trantor. During his flight to escape the various political factions, he discovers how psychohistory can be made a practical science. It is in this novel that he meets his future wife
502:
the instrument was shipped by his colleague Gaal
Dornick who had recently emigrated to Terminus. Seldon's body was jettisoned into space, also in accordance with instructions he’d left. The official memorial service on Trantor was simple, though attended. It was worth noting that Seldon’s old friend former First Minister Eto Demerzel attended the event. Demerzel had not been seen since his mysterious disappearance immediately following the Joranumite Conspiracy during the reign of Emperor Cleon I. Attempts by the Commission of Public Safety to locate Demerzel in the days following the Seldon memorial proved to be unsuccessful.
632:
44:
506:, Hari Seldon's granddaughter, did not attend the ceremony. It was rumored that she was grief-stricken and had refused all public appearances. To this day, her whereabouts from then on remain unknown. It has been said that Hari Seldon left this life as lived it, for he died with the future he created unfolding all around him.
595:
becomes a target for a smear campaign conducted by Laskin
Joranum. He eventually takes Demerzel's place as First Minister, despite his reluctance to divide his attention between government and the development of Psychohistory. His career comes to an end when Cleon I is assassinated by his gardener (a
501:
Seldon, Hari— . . . found dead, slumped over desk in his office at
Streeling University in 12,069 (1 F.E.). Apparently Seldon had been working up to his last moments on psychohistorical equations; his activated Prime Radiant was discovered clutched in hand. According to Seldon’s instructions,
599:
Seldon mentions two indigenous species of
Helicon: the lamec and the greti. The first is a hardworking animal, while the latter is dangerous as indicated by the native Helicon saying "If you ride a greti, you find you can't get off; for then it will eat you." The saying is similar to the age-old
444:
HARI SELDON–… born in the 11,988th year of the
Galactic Era; died 12,069. The dates are more commonly given in terms of the current Foundational Era as –79 to the year 1 F.E. Born to middle-class parents on Helicon, Arcturus sector (where his father, in a legend of doubtful authenticity, was a
555:
Seldon visits
Trantor to attend the Decennial Mathematics Convention. He presents a paper which indicates that one could theoretically predict the Galactic Empire's future. He is able to show that Galactic society can be represented in a simulation simpler than itself (in a finite number of
534:
by sheer force of social pressure, but over only a thousand-year time span, rather than the ten-to-thirty-thousand-year time span that would normally have been required, and thus reduce the human suffering from living in a time of barbarism. The
Foundation is placed on
757:(Asimov's fictitious encyclopedia often cited in his future history novels), "It is thought that Seldon's birthdate, which some consider doubtful, may have been adjusted to match that of Cleon's" the last Galactic Emperor of the Entun Dynasty (
260:), although he did appear at other times in pre-recorded messages to reveal a "Seldon Crisis". After writing five books in chronological order, Asimov retroactively added two books to expand on the genesis of psychohistory. The two prequels—
445:
tobacco grower in the hydroponic plants of the planet), he showed amazing abilities in mathematics from an early age. Anecdotes concerning his ability are innumerable, and some are contradictory. At the age of two, he is said to have …
1555:
357:
in 1951. "The
Psychohistorians" depicts Seldon put on trial by the Commission of Public Safety for his dire predictions about the eventual fall of the Galactic Empire, after which he is exiled to the distant planet
1261:
689:, the process through which societies change collective political thinking, and "a general computer model of society." Seldon is also quite often named in research as a metaphorical literary reference point.
428:
Galactic Empire First Minister and psychohistorian Hari Seldon was born in the 10th month of the 11,988th year of the Galactic Era (GE) (-79 Foundation Era (FE)) and died 12,069 GE (1 FE).
478:). Seldon is awarded a Ph.D. in mathematics for his work on turbulence at the University of Helicon. There he becomes an assistant professor specializing in the mathematical analysis of social structures.
1547:
774:
is founded at an unknown date roughly 11,000 years in the future: The timeline can be deduced from some hints Asimov dropped in his other science fiction works, including the
871:
545:, a vast compilation of the knowledge of a dying galactic empire. In reality, Terminus had a much larger role in his Plan, which he had to conceal from its inhabitants at first.
351:
in May 1942, as the creator of psychohistory, and appears as a prerecorded hologram near the end. The story was renamed "The Encyclopedists" and collected with four others as
1370:
1253:
1192:
1092:
243:, an algorithmic science that allows him to predict the future in probabilistic terms. On the basis of his psychohistory he is able to predict the eventual fall of the
582:, as was the case with the original trilogy. They take place at intervals a decade or more apart, and tell the story of Hari's life, starting about ten years after
1525:
407:
wrote that in the story, "Hari Seldon isn't so much a character as he is the living embodiment of psychohistory, an ethereal presence who's about as relatable as
908:
539:, a remote and resource-poor planet entirely populated by scientists and their families. The planet—or so Seldon claimed—was originally occupied to create the
834:
1326:
Phillips, Nelson; Zyglidopoulos, Stelios (November 1999). "Learning from Foundation: Asimov's Psychohistory and the Limits of Organization Theory".
1129:
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and ending with his death. The stories contrast his increasingly successful professional life with his increasingly unsuccessful personal life.
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681:
has discussed the applicability and inspiration of Hari Seldon to statistics and prediction. Hari Seldon's name is cited in an article in
1595:
857:
1362:
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Thomas, Philip S.; Castro da Silva, Bruno; Bartol, Andrew G.; Giguere, Stephen; Brun, Yuriy; Brunskill, Emma (November 22, 2019).
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702:. Tom Boellstorff called Seldon has even been labeled a "paradigmatic figure" in Big Data research. In 2019, the term
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on Helicon that later help him on Trantor, the principal art being Heliconian Twisting (a form seemingly equal parts
1886:
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401:
Describing "The Psychohistorians" as "28 pages of nonstop world-building", Josh Wimmer and Alasdair Wilkins of
530:—a plan to determine the right time and place to set up a new society, one that would replace the collapsing
43:
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1283:
Gaddis, John Lewis (Winter 1992–1993). "International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War".
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Why the West rules-- for now : the patterns of history, and what they reveal about the future
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1707:
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820:
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78:
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series, Hari Seldon made only one in-the-flesh appearance, in the first part of the first book (
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1193:"Lee Pace and Jared Harris to Star in 10-Episode Adaptation of Isaac Asimov's Sci-Fi Classic
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People who credit to Hari Seldon for the career choices that they made include economist and
584:
388:
364:
262:
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on Apple TV+: How David S. Goyer Worked with the Asimov Estate to Update the Sci-Fi Classic"
728:
474:). Helicon is said to be "less notable for its mathematics, and more for its martial arts" (
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1654:
1647:
1548:"Video. L'hologramme de MĂ©lenchon s'inspire de "Fondation", le classique SF d'Isaac Asimov"
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8:
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272:—describe Seldon's life in considerable detail. He is also the central character of the
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Chinese proverb "He who rides the tiger finds it difficult to dismount", and the words
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techniques intended to avoid undesirable behaviors in decision-making systems.
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Cast and Characters Guide: Who Plays Who in the Apple TV+ Asimov Adaptation"
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that Seldon's psychohistory is being manifested in today's emergence of
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plant. He shows incredible mathematical abilities at a very early age.
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386:(1986). He is featured as the main character in Asimov's two prequels,
324:
303:
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Using psychohistory, Seldon mathematically determines what he calls
247:
and to develop a means to shorten the millennia of chaos to follow.
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1424:
642:
Seldon is voiced by William Eedle in several episodes of the 1973
309:
Seldon is voiced by William Eedle in several episodes of the 1973
903:
497:. He is deposed as First Minister after Cleon I's assassination.
486:
463:
408:
403:
236:
1201:
899:: The Little Idea That Became Science Fiction's Biggest Series"
694:
16:
Fictional character from the Foundation series by Isaac Asimov
1603:
1427:"Preventing undesirable behavior of intelligent machines"
866:
48:
Hari Seldon, as depicted on the 1986 US reprint cover of
436:
sector where his father worked as a tobacco grower in a
1540:
362:. Seldon's prerecorded messages continue to appear in
1325:
1481:
770:In Asimov's saga, the Galactic Era begins when the
489:'s second and last First Minister, the first being
415:... that Seldon would become an actual character."
341:
Hari Seldon is first mentioned in the short story "
862:: The 'Unfilmable' Sci-fi Epic Now on Our Screens"
1863:
816:Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction
965:
963:
961:
893:Wimmer, Josh; Wilkins, Alasdair (May 9, 2011).
306:), which are set after Asimov's two prequels.
231:. In his capacity as mathematics professor at
1589:
892:
669:. His casting was announced in October 2019.
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638:portrays Hari Seldon in the 2021 TV series.
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1582:
42:
1450:
1409:
1363:"Big Data: Is It Straight Out of Sci-Fi?"
1232:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 581.
974:. HarperCollins Publishers. p. 285.
855:
706:was chosen to honor the character in new
672:
591:Seldon becomes involved in politics when
571:
432:He was born on the planet Helicon in the
1187:
1043:
886:
849:
800:
630:
623:for his dire predictions of the future.
548:
481:Seldon is the subject of a biography by
1392:Boellstorff, Tom (September 21, 2013).
1144:
1113:
1897:Literary characters introduced in 1951
1864:
1528:from the original on December 21, 2011
1227:
1151:O'Keefe, Meghan (September 16, 2021).
1095:from the original on February 25, 2024
1065:from the original on February 25, 2024
969:
929:
911:from the original on February 26, 2024
874:from the original on February 25, 2024
856:Armstrong, Neil (September 20, 2021).
619:In his old age, he gains the nickname
423:
374:(1953), as well as the later sequels,
1577:
1515:
1373:from the original on August 31, 2018
1169:from the original on October 4, 2021
809:
685:discussing the use of statistics in
578:This novel is told as a sequence of
1264:from the original on April 24, 2017
1114:Robbins, Jason (October 15, 2021).
1031:from the original on March 27, 2024
13:
1497:from the original on April 1, 2016
1132:from the original on July 20, 2023
1002:
837:from the original on March 8, 2024
14:
1918:
1558:from the original on May 26, 2018
626:
1516:Lizza, Ryan (December 8, 2011).
1360:
1085:"Throwback Thursday: BBC Radio's
936:. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.
731:also cites Seldon as one of his
220:is a fictional character in the
1509:
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250:In the first five books of the
1892:Foundation universe characters
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923:
764:
745:
336:
276:written after Asimov's death (
1:
1907:Male characters in television
1902:Male characters in literature
1872:Fictional heads of government
793:
663:television series adaptation
519:
327:television series adaptation
1394:"Making Big Data, in Theory"
418:
7:
1518:"When Newt met Hari Seldon"
10:
1923:
1291:(3). The MIT Press: 5–58.
348:Astounding Science Fiction
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819:(2005 Revised ed.).
274:Second Foundation Trilogy
204:
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113:
96:
86:
73:
61:
41:
31:
26:
1877:Fictional mathematicians
1437:(6468). AAAS: 999–1004.
1254:"Dr. Seldon, I Presume?"
738:
735:sources of inspiration.
692:Phil Pinn speculated in
1887:Fictional psychologists
1715:Psychohistorical Crisis
1452:10.1126/science.aag3311
1340:10.1177/135050849964002
821:Oxford University Press
708:artificial intelligence
655:Seldon is portrayed by
411:. It wouldn't be until
154:Imperial First Minister
129:In-universe information
1823:Encyclopedia Galactica
1669:Forward the Foundation
1411:10.5210/fm.v18i10.4869
1285:International Security
1087:The Foundation Trilogy
1053:The Foundation Trilogy
1006:Forward the foundation
970:Asimov, Isaac (1988).
930:Asimov, Isaac (1951).
754:Encyclopedia Galactica
673:Contemporary influence
649:The Foundation Trilogy
639:
573:Forward the Foundation
542:Encyclopedia Galactica
517:
512:Encyclopedia Galactica
456:
451:Encyclopedia Galactica
395:Forward the Foundation
316:The Foundation Trilogy
269:Forward the Foundation
121:The Foundation Trilogy
1662:Prelude to Foundation
1634:Foundation and Empire
1260:. February 23, 2013.
972:Prelude to Foundation
759:Prelude to Foundation
634:
564:, and future partner
560:, future adopted son
550:Prelude to Foundation
499:
476:Prelude to Foundation
442:
413:Prelude to Foundation
389:Prelude to Foundation
365:Foundation and Empire
263:Prelude to Foundation
1708:Foundation's Friends
1701:Foundation's Triumph
1694:Foundation and Chaos
1655:Foundation and Earth
1228:Morris, Ian (2010).
1191:(October 22, 2019).
727:. French politician
485:. Seldon is Emperor
472:Submission Wrestling
383:Foundation and Earth
319:, and portrayed by
299:Foundation's Triumph
289:Foundation and Chaos
233:Streeling University
174:Streeling University
79:Foundation's Triumph
1882:Fictional academics
1483:Larissa MacFarquhar
1443:2019Sci...366..999T
1209:on October 22, 2019
1091:. August 27, 2015.
704:Seldonian algorithm
424:Fictional biography
21:Fictional character
1554:. March 22, 2018.
1487:"The Deflationist"
729:Jean-Luc MĂ©lenchon
723:and US politician
640:
239:, Seldon develops
1859:
1858:
1687:Foundation's Fear
1648:Foundation's Edge
1641:Second Foundation
1485:(March 1, 2010).
1189:Ausiello, Michael
751:According to the
377:Foundation's Edge
371:Second Foundation
279:Foundation's Fear
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171:Second Foundation
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1800:R. Daneel Olivaw
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495:R. Daneel Olivaw
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345:", published in
62:First appearance
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528:The Seldon Plan
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458:He also learns
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245:Galactic Empire
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1605:Isaac Asimov
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1361:Pinn, Phil.
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1328:Organization
1327:
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1266:. Retrieved
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1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
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1009:. New York.
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915:February 26,
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721:Paul Krugman
714:
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687:epidemiology
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659:in the 2021
657:Jared Harris
654:
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636:Jared Harris
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593:Eto Demerzel
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562:Raych Seldon
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500:
491:Eto Demerzel
483:Gaal Dornick
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323:in the 2021
321:Jared Harris
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229:Isaac Asimov
222:
217:
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209:Raych Seldon
195:Yanna Seldon
151:Psychologist
119:
104:
101:Jared Harris
97:Portrayed by
91:Isaac Asimov
77:
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32:
18:
1810:Hari Seldon
1732:Other media
1532:October 12,
1213:October 22,
1035:January 16,
811:Gunn, James
646:adaptation
644:BBC Radio 4
566:Yugo Amaryl
438:hydroponics
392:(1988) and
380:(1982) and
368:(1952) and
337:Appearances
313:adaptation
311:BBC Radio 4
218:Hari Seldon
197:(TV series)
162:Affiliation
27:Hari Seldon
1866:Categories
1765:Characters
1755:Foundation
1627:Foundation
1610:Foundation
1377:August 29,
1369:. Forbes.
1268:August 29,
1195:Foundation
1173:October 3,
1155:Foundation
1118:Foundation
990:1105087464
933:Foundation
897:Foundation
860:Foundation
794:References
719:columnist
679:Ian Morris
677:Historian
666:Foundation
521:Foundation
354:Foundation
343:Foundation
330:Foundation
304:David Brin
257:Foundation
252:Foundation
223:Foundation
168:Foundation
142:Occupation
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67:Foundation
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1744:TV series
1469:208225074
1348:145493820
1059:SciFiMike
841:March 25,
661:Apple TV+
468:Krav Maga
464:Jiu Jitsu
419:Storyline
325:Apple TV+
294:Greg Bear
211:(adopted)
114:Voiced by
52:. Art by
37:character
1795:The Mule
1775:Demerzel
1757:universe
1562:June 22,
1556:Archived
1526:Archived
1501:April 3,
1495:Archived
1461:31754000
1371:Archived
1313:14897416
1262:Archived
1167:Archived
1130:Archived
1125:Collider
1093:Archived
1063:Archived
1029:Archived
1025:27267037
909:Archived
872:Archived
835:Archived
813:(1982).
700:Big Data
537:Terminus
509:—
448:—
434:Arcturus
398:(1993).
360:Terminus
205:Children
191:(novels)
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1439:Bibcode
1431:Science
1305:2539129
1162:Decider
1089:(1973)"
952:2680406
904:Gizmodo
786:series.
585:Prelude
487:Cleon I
409:Gandalf
404:Gizmodo
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1853:series
1851:Empire
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1770:Cleon
1465:S2CID
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1301:JSTOR
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614:tiger
610:camel
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1367:Gyro
1270:2017
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