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911:
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504:, and he took a leave of absence from his duties as president of Williams. Garfield's duty was to conserve the coal supply and keep the price within reasonable bounds. Local committees were appointed throughout the country to study local conditions and their reports formed the basis for the prices fixed in different localities. The ensuing winter was unusually severe, and serious shortage of coal threatened. Because of the shortage of coal in the
387:
449:
from 1891 to 1897. In 1893, Garfield became a charter member of the
Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and in 1896 helped to organize and served as first president of the Cleveland Municipal Association. He also served as president of the Chamber of Commerce from 1898 to 1899. From 1900 to 1906, Garfield
528:
voted a resolution, requesting postponement, but this reached him after the order had been signed. On
February 14, however, the order was suspended and priority for certain shipments substituted. He disapproved of the method of settling the coal strike in December 1919 and resigned his office,
523:
Garfield also issued his "idle
Mondays" order in January 1918, which closed non-essential industries for five consecutive days beginning January 18 and on every Monday thereafter up to March 25. This roused a storm of protest from many manufacturers, and the
283:
579:. Garfield and his wife had four children: James, Mason, Lucretia and Stanton. After his retirement in 1934, he took a one-year trip around the world with his wife. After his return in 1935, he moved to Washington, D.C.
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showed that the shortage was due to failure of the railroads to meet the extra demands upon them, and federal control of the roads was instituted on
December 28, 1917.
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437:
Garfield taught Roman history and Latin for a year at St. Paul's School after graduating
Williams. From 1888 to 1895, he practiced law with his brother James in
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348:. His mother named him in May 1864 after two of James Garfield's friends. His father called him "little Chickamauga" because he was born shortly after the
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485:, called Garfield to become chairman of the price-fixing committee of the Food Administration. He also served on the price-fixing committee of the
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282:
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Garfield married his second cousin, Belle
Hartford Mason, on June 14, 1888. They had a double wedding with Garfield's sister Mollie and
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After the war, Garfield returned to serve as president of
Williams College. During his tenure, he helped establish the
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298:(October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942) was an American lawyer, academic, and public official. He was president of
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883:
556:
342:
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611:
330:
311:
516:, Garfield's administration of the office was severely criticized in the press, but an investigation by the
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Garfield attended public school, a private academy and was tutored at home. In 1879, he was sent to
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by right of his father's service as a major general in Union Army during the
American Civil War.
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All the
President's Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families
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managed a syndicate for railroad companies in Ohio. He was professor of politics at
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1016:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
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934:"Harry A. Garfield, 1917-18 Fuel Czar, Educator and President's Son, Dies"
32:
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at
Williams. He served as president until his retirement in June 1934.
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254:
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Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
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Harry Garfield's first forty years; man of action in a troubled world.
454:
from 1903 to 1908. While at Princeton, he befriended future president
1205:
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For his service as Fuel Administrator, Garfield was awarded the
559:
Defense Board, a board focused on studying applications of the
598:. He was buried in the faculty cemetery at Williams College.
582:
He was a hereditary companion of the Ohio Commandery of the
551:
In 1935, he studied international problems while living in
513:
325:
Harry Augustus Garfield was born on October 11, 1863, in
16:
American lawyer, academic and public official (1863–1942)
2542:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
584:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
1056:
at Williams College Archives & Special Collections
663:
The fuel situation at the beginning of winter 1918–19,
2383:
James A. Garfield Memorial and burial site, Cleveland
884:"Dr. Harry A. Garfield, 79, Ninth Williams Head Dies"
390:
Harry A. Garfield (third from the left) and siblings.
363:, but at the beginning of his final year he moved to
594:Garfield died on December 12, 1942, at his home in
1089:
676:Recent political developments, progress or change?
620:Garfield was a recipient of honorary degrees from
371:. At the age of 17 he and his 15-year-old brother
2478:
691:, Boston: Priv. Print. by Thomas Todd Co. 1944.
529:resuming that of president of Williams College.
2358:In Memoriam: President Garfield's Funeral March
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2368:James A. Garfield Monument, Washington, D.C.
2502:Children of presidents of the United States
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555:In 1941, he accepted an appointment to the
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425:, spending his second year reading law at
31:
2537:United States Department of War officials
2311:1880 United States presidential election
2301:James A. Garfield National Historic Site
1003:
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429:in Oxford and the Inns Court in London.
417:degree. At Williams, he was a member of
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2522:Case Western Reserve University faculty
878:
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872:
870:
868:
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367:to be taught by a private tutor at the
2479:
2363:List of memorials to James A. Garfield
1262:American Political Science Association
732:
546:American Political Science Association
375:watched in horror as their father was
2373:James Garfield Memorial, Philadelphia
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773:The American Political Science Review
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665:Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1918.
652:Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1918.
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352:. He went by the nickname of "Hal".
2316:1880 Republican National Convention
445:. He was professor of contracts at
13:
2342:Assassination of James A. Garfield
709:
14:
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2332:Inauguration of James A. Garfield
1473:Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929–1930)
1038:
1021:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
757:
498:United States Fuel Administration
304:United States Fuel Administration
166:Williamstown, Massachusetts, U.S.
74:United States Fuel Administration
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2459:
1530:Charles Grove Haines (1938–1939)
1024:"Garfield, Harry Augustus"
1007:"Garfield, Harry Augustus"
957:
909:
832:"Harry Augustus Garfield papers"
570:
398:Former residence of Garfield in
281:
1717:C. Herman Pritchett (1963–1964)
1292:Frederick N. Judson (1906–1907)
993:, Atria Books, New York, 2003,
979:New York, Vantage Press, 1965,
942:. December 13, 1942. p. 15
650:America's coal problem in 1918.
532:
186:
2532:Presidents of Williams College
2261:President of the United States
1704:Charles S. Hyneman (1961–1962)
1517:Thomas Reed Powell (1936–1937)
1092:Presidents of Williams College
1054:Harry Augustus Garfield papers
894:. December 12, 1942. p. 3
851:
496:asked him to run the nation's
473:
1:
2111:G. Bingham Powell (2011–2012)
1556:Robert E. Cushman (1942–1943)
1499:Walter J. Shepard (1933–1934)
969:
859:"Williams College Presidents"
458:. In 1908, Garfield became a
443:Garfield, Garfield & Howe
421:. He went on to study law at
320:
296:Harry Augustus "Hal" Garfield
38:
2527:Princeton University faculty
1654:Charles McKinley (1954–1955)
1590:Henry R. Spencer (1947–1948)
1535:Robert C. Brooks (1939–1940)
1504:Francis W. Coker (1934–1935)
1004:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
767:Holcombe, Arthur N. (1943).
462:and eighth president of his
7:
2291:42nd Ohio Infantry Regiment
1788:Avery Leiserson (1973–1974)
1460:Jesse S. Reeves (1927–1928)
634:College of William and Mary
608:Distinguished Service Medal
596:Williamstown, Massachusetts
272:Distinguished Service Medal
154:Williamstown, Massachusetts
10:
2563:
2517:Columbia Law School alumni
2178:Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
2132:Rodney E. Hero (2014–2015)
1783:Robert E. Ward (1972–1973)
1683:R. Taylor Cole (1958–1959)
1668:Elmer Eric Schattschneider
975:Comer, Lucretia Garfield,
892:North Adams, Massachusetts
888:The North Adams Transcript
506:northeastern United States
492:In August 1917, President
447:Western Reserve Law School
2438:
2403:
2350:
2324:
2283:
2252:
2015:
1804:
1614:
1436:
1402:William Archibald Dunning
1268:
1099:
769:"Harry Augustus Garfield"
738:"Harry Augustus Garfield"
601:
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164:Williams College Cemetery
160:
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90:
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71:
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48:
30:
23:
1523:Clarence Addison Dykstra
702:
643:
624:, Princeton University,
589:
544:He was president of the
483:U.S. Food Administration
409:Garfield graduated from
2512:Williams College alumni
2497:People from Hiram, Ohio
2417:Harry Augustus Garfield
1778:Heinz Eulau (1971–1972)
1494:Isidor Loeb (1932–1933)
1410:Harry Augustus Garfield
1045:Harry Augustus Garfield
1013:Encyclopædia Britannica
25:Harry Augustus Garfield
2423:James Rudolph Garfield
2296:Battle of Middle Creek
2048:Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
1710:Carl Joachim Friedrich
1426:Charles Edward Merriam
1030:Encyclopedia Americana
518:United States Congress
466:, Williams College in
406:
391:
373:James Rudolph Garfield
361:Concord, New Hampshire
201:James Rudolph Garfield
2444:← Rutherford B. Hayes
1861:Seymour Martin Lipset
1813:James MacGregor Burns
1569:John Gaus (1944–1945)
1487:William F. Willoughby
1277:Frank Johnson Goodnow
939:The Indianapolis Star
743:National Park Service
539:Institute of Politics
397:
389:
350:Battle of Chickamauga
333:(then General in the
2306:Front porch campaign
2088:Peter J. Katzenstein
1901:Samuel P. Huntington
1639:E. Pendleton Herring
1479:Edward Samuel Corwin
1418:James Wilford Garner
1338:Westel W. Willoughby
1330:Albert Bushnell Hart
1202:(interim, 2009–2010)
577:Joseph Stanley Brown
487:War Industries Board
452:Princeton University
176:Belle Hartford Mason
2451:Chester A. Arthur →
2394:These Are My Jewels
2378:U.S. Capitol statue
2269:U.S. Representative
2138:Jennifer Hochschild
2080:Dianne Pinderhughes
1853:Charles E. Lindblom
1386:Paul Samuel Reinsch
1136:(acting, 1901–1902)
630:Wesleyan University
548:from 1921 to 1922.
481:, then head of the
423:Columbia Law School
302:and supervised the
248:Columbia Law School
2337:Star Route scandal
1689:Carl Brent Swisher
1510:Arthur N. Holcombe
1346:John Bassett Moore
1306:A. Lawrence Lowell
1260:Presidents of the
561:Excess Profits Law
407:
392:
310:. He was a son of
259:Williams College (
97:Office established
72:Supervisor of the
2474:
2473:
2411:Lucretia Garfield
2388:Cincinnati statue
2246:James A. Garfield
2212:
2211:
1322:Simeon E. Baldwin
1227:
1226:
999:978-0-7434-4631-0
622:Dartmouth College
427:All Souls College
357:St. Paul's School
346:Lucretia Garfield
339:James A. Garfield
315:James A. Garfield
293:
292:
234:Lucretia Garfield
228:James A. Garfield
147:December 12, 1942
53:8th President of
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2170:Paula D. McClain
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2083:
2075:
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2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2032:Robert D. Putnam
2027:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1989:M. Kent Jennings
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1957:Charles O. Jones
1952:
1944:
1936:
1933:Theodore J. Lowi
1928:
1925:Judith N. Shklar
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1869:William H. Riker
1864:
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1607:
1604:James K. Pollock
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1562:Leonard D. White
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1549:William Anderson
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1453:William B. Munro
1448:
1445:Charles A. Beard
1429:
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1394:Leo Stanton Rowe
1389:
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1378:Henry Jones Ford
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837:Williams College
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734:
612:Secretary of War
553:Washington, D.C.
508:, especially in
415:Bachelor of Arts
411:Williams College
404:Washington, D.C.
365:Washington, D.C.
300:Williams College
285:
190:
188:
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134:October 11, 1863
133:
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119:Personal details
109:Office abolished
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55:Williams College
43:
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35:
21:
20:
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2507:Garfield family
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2117:Jane Mansbridge
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2038:
2030:
2022:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1941:James Q. Wilson
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1893:Aaron Wildavsky
1891:
1883:
1877:Philip Converse
1875:
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1697:Emmette Redford
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1660:Harold Lasswell
1658:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
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1602:
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1589:
1583:Arthur MacMahon
1581:
1573:
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1547:
1541:Frederic A. Ogg
1539:
1534:
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1466:John A. Fairlie
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1214:(interim, 2018)
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1041:
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758:
748:
746:
736:
735:
710:
705:
646:
638:Whitman College
626:Amherst College
615:Newton D. Baker
610:in 1921 by the
604:
592:
573:
535:
476:
435:
419:Alpha Delta Phi
413:in 1885 with a
381:Charles Guiteau
323:
239:
204:
192:
189: 1888)
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2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
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2429:Abram Garfield
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2420:
2414:
2407:
2405:
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2250:
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2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2204:(2023–present)
2202:Mark E. Warren
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2104:Carole Pateman
2100:
2096:Henry E. Brady
2092:
2084:
2076:
2072:Robert Axelrod
2068:
2064:Ira Katznelson
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:Robert Keohane
2001:
1997:Matthew Holden
1993:
1985:
1977:
1973:Arend Lijphart
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
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2125:John Aldrich
2016:2000–present
1965:Sidney Verba
1837:Leon Epstein
1763:Karl Deutsch
1755:David Easton
1723:David Truman
1647:Ralph Bunche
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1370:Munroe Smith
1354:Ernst Freund
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1049:Find a Grave
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944:. Retrieved
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149:(1942-12-12)
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104:Succeeded by
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2492:1942 deaths
2487:1863 births
2275:(1863–1880)
2196:(2022–2023)
2194:Lisa Martin
2188:(2021–2022)
2180:(2020–2021)
2172:(2019–2020)
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2156:(2017–2018)
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2007:(1999–2000)
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1991:(1997–1998)
1983:(1996–1997)
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1967:(1994–1995)
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1951:(1992–1993)
1943:(1991–1992)
1935:(1990–1991)
1927:(1989–1990)
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1911:(1987–1988)
1903:(1986–1987)
1895:(1985–1986)
1887:(1984–1985)
1879:(1983–1984)
1871:(1982–1983)
1863:(1981–1982)
1855:(1980–1981)
1847:(1979–1980)
1839:(1978–1979)
1831:(1977–1978)
1829:John Wahlke
1823:(1976–1977)
1821:Samuel Beer
1815:(1975–1976)
1796:(1974–1975)
1773:(1970–1971)
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1468:(1928–1929)
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1332:(1911–1912)
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1316:(1909–1910)
1308:(1908–1909)
1300:(1907–1908)
1298:James Bryce
1287:(1905–1906)
1285:Albert Shaw
1279:(1903–1905)
1208:(2010–2017)
1196:(2000–2009)
1190:(1999–2000)
1184:(1994–1999)
1178:(1985–1993)
1172:(1973–1985)
1166:(1961–1973)
1160:(1937–1961)
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1148:(1908–1934)
1142:(1902–1908)
1130:(1872–1881)
1124:(1836–1872)
1118:(1821–1836)
1112:(1815–1821)
1106:(1793–1815)
989:Doug Wead,
946:January 19,
898:January 19,
843:January 19,
749:January 19,
526:U.S. Senate
502:World War I
474:World War I
369:White House
327:Hiram, Ohio
308:World War I
137:Hiram, Ohio
92:Preceded by
42: 1911
2481:Categories
2325:Presidency
1917:Lucian Pye
1362:Jesse Macy
1128:Chadbourne
970:References
464:alma mater
343:First Lady
335:Union Army
329:to future
321:Early life
255:Alma mater
130:1863-10-11
37:Garfield,
1805:1975–2000
1615:1950–1975
1437:1925–1950
1269:1903–1925
785:0003-0554
439:Cleveland
377:shot down
331:President
312:President
278:Signature
244:Education
208:(brother)
203:(brother)
197:Relations
86:1917–1919
82:In office
67:1908–1934
63:In office
2465:Category
1212:Majumder
1194:Schapiro
1170:Chandler
1146:Garfield
684:77660203
671:44062275
658:34188455
236:(mother)
230:(father)
213:Children
1220:(2018–)
1152:Dennett
1116:Griffin
793:1949392
697:3615228
563:during
500:during
306:during
221:Parents
191:
183:
179:
2413:(wife)
2404:Family
2263:(1881)
1218:Mandel
1200:Wagner
1176:Oakley
1164:Sawyer
1158:Baxter
1134:Hewitt
997:
985:569252
983:
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682:
678:1924.
669:
656:
632:, the
602:Awards
433:Career
268:Awards
171:Spouse
156:, U.S.
139:, U.S.
2431:(son)
2425:(son)
2419:(son)
2273:OH–19
1182:Payne
1110:Moore
1104:Fitch
789:JSTOR
703:Notes
644:Works
590:Death
185:(
181:
2284:Life
2271:for
2258:20th
1206:Falk
1188:Vogt
995:ISBN
981:OCLC
948:2022
900:2022
845:2022
781:ISSN
751:2022
693:OCLC
680:OCLC
667:OCLC
654:OCLC
636:and
514:Ohio
512:and
341:and
144:Died
124:Born
1047:at
359:in
2483::
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261:BA
187:m.
39:c.
2238:e
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263:)
216:4
132:)
128:(
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