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908:
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438:
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514:. After design changes, the synagogue provided access to the women's gallery via a covered passageway from the school building next door. A stone-hewn image of the Ten Commandants adorned the top of the building. Due to the reduction in size, the building was not really sufficient to support the large crowds which attended worship services especially on holidays. As the Jewish population declined toward the latter part of the 19th century, the building became sufficient.
91:
894:
In 1986, the Town of Heřmanův Městec purchased the synagogue. In the early 1990s, the cemetery, mortuary and caretaker's home were restored. In 1991, the synagogue and the cemetery were declared national cultural monuments. Using plans from 1870, the synagogue building and adjacent rabbi's house were
550:
collection housed at the
Westminster Synagogue in London. It is likely that so many Torah scrolls were attributed to Heřmanův Městec because it was the seat of the district rabbi. As the Jewish community in the area shrank during the late 1800s and early 1900s and other synagogues closed their doors,
464:
The town was the property of a series of aristocratic landowners who enjoyed a mostly positive relationship with the Jewish community. The Jewish community paid a fixed annual sum of money to the landowning gentry. During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, Jews living in the town were mainly engaged
501:
Until construction of a new synagogue in the
Baroque style in 1760, the Jewish community used a private home as a house of prayer. Count Jan Václav Sporck, who then owned the town's land, is said to have financially supported construction and laid the foundation stone for the new synagogue, which is
915:
The Jewish cemetery was probably founded in the early 15th century and is among the oldest and best preserved Jewish cemeteries in the Czech
Republic. It has an area of almost 4,000 square meters, and contains 1,077 tombstones. It is owned by the Jewish community of Prague. The oldest preserved and
517:
With the relaxation of restrictions on Jews, by the late 1800s the town and its Jewish inhabitants had a thriving role in the production of shoes. There were several Jewish-owned handmade and machine-made shoe production companies. Most of these companies had international exports. As Jews were now
493:
introduced restrictions on Jewish movement, residence, marriage, and other matters of everyday life. In 1727 the vice regent's office in Prague confirmed a regulation concerning the distance between Jewish dwellings and
Christian churches that led to the synagogue of Heřmanův Městec being torn down
468:
According to oral tradition, the Jewish cemetery in town dates back to the 1430. Usually, when Jews move into an area, one of their first community actions is to purchase land for a cemetery. There is documentation from 1667 that additional land was purchased for the purpose of enlarging the Jewish
538:
were deprived of the ability to do business, they were dismissed from government service, Jewish children were denied the right to attend school, and worship and assembly were forbidden. In Heřmanův Městec the Ten
Commandments on the synagogue were removed, and the building was used by the German
505:
For over a century, the Jews of
Bohemia had to endure a number of restrictions In 1848 serfdom was abolished, and the Jews living in Heřmanův Městec were emancipated and allowed freedom of movement. As a result, many Jews left the town for employment opportunities in industrialized cities such as
565:
In 1945 at the end of World War II, only two members of the Jewish community returned to Heřmanův Městec. After World War II the synagogue was used mainly as a warehouse. The synagogue, rabbi's house, and cemetery received little maintenance or care and deteriorated. At one point, the
Bohemian
509:
In 1870 construction of new synagogue, with the backing of the aristocratic landowner, on the same site as the 1760 building was started. This building was in the Neo-Romanesque style by the architect František
Schmoranz. The architect had some lofty plans which had to be abandoned because the
480:
In 1680, the town was visited by a plague that claimed many lives, leaving a large number of dilapidated houses behind. In 1686, Count
Ferdinand Leopold Sporck called upon the Jews from the region to inhabit the abandoned houses. At the turn of the 17th century, the town became the seat of the
932:
The castle was also built in the late
Baroque style. It was created in the 1784 by extensive reconstruction of a fortress. Since 1952, the premises of the castle houses a retirement home. In 1784, the adjacent castle park was established from the former game reserve. It is a large
413:
The town greatly developed during the rule of counts of Sporck, who acquired it in 1695. The Sporck had built stone houses to prevent the effects of fires, extended the local castle, and reconstructed the church destroyed by fire in 1740. In 1828, Heřmanův Městec was bought by the
916:
legible gravestone is from 1647. The tombstones, especially the older ones, are mostly made from sandstone; the newer stones are made from marble. The cemetery includes the caretaker's house and mortuary from 1838 with a memorial plaque to the victims of Nazism and a hearse.
494:
because it was too close to the town's Catholic church. Eventually, Jewish self-government was abolished, and the Jewish settlement was surrounded by an enclosure with three gates. All Jews were required to live in this part of town, effectively establishing a
566:
Brethren Evangelic Church purchased the synagogue and adjacent rabbi's house which were used as a storeroom and a prayer house, respectively. Many of the former homes of the Jewish community were razed between 1980 and 1982 as part of a redevelopment effort.
472:
In 1661, Count Jan Karel Sporck became the owner of the estate which included the town. Under his administration, the local Jewish community flourished. The Count encouraged Jews to move into houses that were abandoned during the
469:
cemetery. There are records of additional extensions that took place in 1685, 1709, 1723 and 1838. The date of the construction of the first synagogue is unclear, but it was destroyed in a large town fire in 1623.
331:
895:
restored in 2001. The synagogue was furnished with replicas of the original benches, and the painting and stained glass windows were restored. The only major architectural change is the size of the
522:, with the dependent communities being Chrudim, Hroubovice, and Dřevíkov. While the town itself had less than 100 Jewish inhabitants, it served a broader Jewish community of 500 Jews in the region.
1278:
964:
518:
permitted to study without restriction, many of them also pursued opportunities as attorneys, physicians, and other professions. In 1891, Heřmanův Městec became the seat of a district
465:
in trade (linen, wool, hides, or feathers) and money-lending. The location of the town along the road connecting Prague with Moravia brought a great number of merchants into the area.
899:(area where the Torah is read). It was enlarged to better serve as a stage in support of its new role as a concert hall. The rabbi's house is now the home of the Cyrany art gallery.
924:
The Church of Saint Bartholomew is a main landmark of the town and whole region. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1756–1761. It has a 42 metres (138 ft)-high tower.
1003:
418:. The Kinsky family continued to improve the town and had built the hospital or the orphanage, and had extended the castle and the castle park to its current form.
510:
Catholic clergy feared that the synagogue might outshine the nearby Church of St. Bartholomew. The original design had a tower with a stairway leading to the
402:. Due to its location and later due to large Jewish community, the town became the economic centre of the region. Heřmanův Městec was burned down during the
39:
448:
were living in Heřmanův Městec as early as the first half of the 15th century and it represents one of the oldest documented Jewish communities in the
115:
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958:
551:
their Torah scrolls probably were sent to the synagogue in Heřmanův Městec. Thus, by 1940, Heřmanův Městec had a large inventory of Torah scrolls.
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along a single street leading to the Jewish cemetery (now called Havlíčkova Street). He allowed the Jews to rebuild their synagogue.
83:
354:. It has about 5,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected by law as an
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456:(10 adult Jewish males) was recorded as early as 1570. The Jewish community continued to grow and thrive over the years.
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Heřmanův Městec is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Chrudim and 11 km (7 mi) southwest of
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The first written mention of Heřmanův Městec is from 1325. It was founded around 1280 on a trade route from
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scrolls, were transported to the Jewish Museum in Prague. These eventually became part of the
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1387:
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The villages of Chotěnice, Konopáč and Radlín are administrative parts of Heřmanův Městec.
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with Zámecký Pond in the middle. The area of the park is protected as a nature monument.
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1983:
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During the occupation by Nazi Germany, Jewish ritual objects, including over a dozen
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From 16 March 1939, the Jewish community was under the rule of Nazi Germany and the
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1300:
449:
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343:
182:
170:
1133:
1945:
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1720:
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1628:
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restricting Jewish rights were the law of the land. In 1940, Jews living in the
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1829:
1018:
531:
351:
325:
158:
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1989:
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386:. The highest point is at 382 m (1,253 ft) above sea level.
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1934:
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Heřmanův Městec is the starting point of a short railway line to
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422:
399:
382:. The southern part of the municipal territory extends into the
1700:
1539:
1518:
1327:(in Czech). Sportovní a kulturní zařízení města Heřmanův Městec
1242:(in Czech). Sportovní a kulturní zařízení města Heřmanův Městec
1134:"Jewish Sights in Heřmanův Městec, Golčův Jeníkov and Dřevíkov"
554:
On 3 December 1942, all of the 60 Jews were transported to the
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278:
257:
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896:
484:
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30:
1115:. Society of Friends of Jewish Culture in Heřmanův Městec.
1004:
List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic
406:. It was also repeatedly conquered and looted during the
429:
was played. In 1882 and 1899, the railroads were built.
949:(1815–1909), Hungarian rabbi; worked here in 1852–1855
1187:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. p. 354.
890:
Interior of the restored synagogue at Heřmanův Městec
1261:"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011"
421:In 1875, Heřmanův Městec became the first place in
459:
2070:
1202:
959:Rudolf, 9th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau
525:
1045:"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024"
574:The Jewish community reached its peak in 1849.
558:. Many of those were eventually transported to
502:in the same location as the current synagogue.
919:
1446:
1207:. Regional Authority of the Pardubice Region.
997:
1203:Růžičková, Renata; Langová, Alžběta (2006).
1113:Jews and Jewish Monuments in Heřmanův Městec
1279:"Population Census 2021: Population by sex"
1453:
1439:
1205:Traces of the Jews in the Pardubice Region
1161:"The Jewish Community of Heřmanův Městec"
1062:
1060:
1058:
927:
2089:Jewish communities in the Czech Republic
906:
885:
485:Repression and emancipation in 1726–1939
436:
1110:
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90:
2079:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic
2071:
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1055:
967:(1861–1943), writer, co-author of the
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629:
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1434:
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2084:Populated places in Chrudim District
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218:14.34 km (5.54 sq mi)
536:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
432:
13:
902:
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700:
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14:
2100:
1405:
1390:(in Czech). Město Heřmanův Městec
1369:(in Czech). Město Heřmanův Městec
1348:(in Czech). Město Heřmanův Městec
1211:
1191:
1171:
1150:
1119:
1081:
1070:(in Czech). Město Heřmanův Městec
940:
16:Town in Pardubice, Czech Republic
1367:"Zámek a park v anglickém stylu"
1346:"Děkanský kostel sv.Bartoloměje"
1301:"Detail stanice Heřmanův Městec"
1017:
858:The I/17 road (the section from
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1338:
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460:The beginnings of the community
1232:
1037:
326:[ˈɦɛr̝manuːfˈmɲɛstɛts]
103:Location in the Czech Republic
1:
1030:
965:Jiří Stanislav Guth-Jarkovský
526:German occupation and postwar
1388:"Základní informace o městě"
881:
853:
506:Prague or emigrated abroad.
369:
7:
1686:Kostelec u Heřmanova Městce
1221:(in Czech). Heřmanův Městec
920:Church of Saint Bartholomew
866:) passes through the town.
44:Church of Saint Bartholomew
10:
2105:
1001:
998:Twin towns – sister cities
985:Ludmila Seefried-Matějková
955:(1858–1916), archaeologist
615:
556:Terezín concentration camp
389:
1482:
1111:Kabeláč, Jaromír (1992).
876:
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578:1570 – 10 Jewish families
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164:
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77:
49:
37:
28:
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1287:Czech Statistical Office
1265:Czech Statistical Office
1183:Singer, Isidore (1906).
1049:Czech Statistical Office
935:English landscape garden
378:. It lies mostly in the
226:280 m (920 ft)
993:(born 1976), politician
973:Czech Olympic Committee
247:350/km (900/sq mi)
981:(1903–1995), geologist
928:Heřmanův Městec Castle
912:
891:
548:Memorial Scrolls Trust
442:
339:
987:(born 1938), sculptor
961:(1859–1930), nobleman
910:
889:
612:Historical population
440:
270: • Summer (
131:49.94722°N 15.66500°E
498:in Heřmanův Městec.
427:association football
362:Administrative parts
322:Czech pronunciation:
244: • Density
1868:Ronov nad Doubravou
1421:Jewish Encyclopedia
1185:Jewish Encyclopedia
1008:Heřmanův Městec is
971:, president of the
911:The Jewish cemetery
613:
570:Historic population
356:urban monument zone
127: /
2051:Žlebské Chvalovice
1815:Podhořany u Ronova
1325:"Židovský hřbitov"
1240:"Židovské památky"
913:
892:
611:
539:army for storage.
443:
236: • Total
215: • Total
202: • Mayor
136:49.94722; 15.66500
2066:
2065:
1852:Rabštejnská Lhota
1219:"Události v obci"
1138:private-tours.net
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408:Thirty Years' War
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2016:Vrbatův Kostelec
1476:Chrudim District
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1414:Official website
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481:regional rabbi.
450:Chrudim District
433:Jewish community
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979:Vladimír Zoubek
969:Olympic Charter
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903:Jewish cemetery
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512:women's gallery
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380:Svitavy Uplands
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342:) is a town in
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1509:Bor u Skutče
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1467:market towns
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1426:Virtual show
1392:. Retrieved
1382:
1371:. Retrieved
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1350:. Retrieved
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1303:(in Czech).
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1263:(in Czech).
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607:Demographics
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69:Coat of arms
1996:Vejvanovice
1763:Mladoňovice
1696:Křižanovice
1634:Hošťalovice
1580:Dvakačovice
1305:České dráhy
975:(1899–1929)
489:The ruling
290:Postal code
134: /
2073:Categories
1946:Třemošnice
1920:Střemošice
1835:Přestavlky
1825:Prachovice
1726:Licibořice
1721:Liboměřice
1656:Jenišovice
1646:Hroubovice
1394:2020-08-25
1373:2021-10-19
1352:2021-10-19
1331:2021-10-19
1310:2024-06-13
1246:2021-10-19
1225:2017-11-24
1143:2017-11-24
1074:2021-10-19
1031:References
1002:See also:
596:1900 – 240
593:1880 – 434
590:1859 – 721
587:1849 – 840
584:1826 – 492
581:1724 – 277
231:Population
197:Government
122:15°39′54″E
119:49°56′50″N
2006:Vojtěchov
1969:Tuněchody
1964:Trojovice
1959:Třibřichy
1935:Svratouch
1910:Sobětuchy
1899:Slatiňany
1879:Rozhovice
1830:Předhradí
1661:Kameničky
1529:Čankovice
1492:Biskupice
882:Synagogue
854:Transport
602:1939 – 60
599:1921 – 87
560:Auschwitz
491:Habsburgs
376:Pardubice
370:Geography
332:‹See Tfd›
253:Time zone
223:Elevation
171:Pardubice
2041:Zájezdec
2036:Zaječice
2026:Vysočina
2021:Všeradov
1990:Včelákov
1979:Úhřetice
1974:Úherčice
1930:Svídnice
1925:Studnice
1847:Prosetín
1820:Pokřikov
1789:Nasavrky
1783:Načešice
1778:Nabočany
1773:Mrákotín
1768:Morašice
1758:Miřetice
1741:Lukavice
1711:Leštinka
1497:Bítovany
1487:Běstvina
1472:villages
178:District
2057:Žumberk
2011:Vortová
2001:Vítanov
1940:Tisovec
1915:Stolany
1862:Řestoky
1810:Perálec
1805:Otradov
1731:Lipovec
1676:Kněžice
1671:Klešice
1651:Jeníkov
1619:Honbice
1614:Holetín
1609:Hodonín
1604:Hluboká
1598:Hlinsko
1575:Dřenice
1554:Chrudim
1503:Bojanov
1024:Bechyně
1010:twinned
860:Chrudim
423:Bohemia
400:Moravia
390:History
350:of the
346:in the
300:Website
183:Chrudim
147:Country
2046:Zderaz
2031:Vyžice
1905:Smrček
1892:Skuteč
1874:Rosice
1841:Proseč
1800:Ostrov
1736:Lozice
1716:Libkov
1701:Krouna
1691:Krásné
1666:Kladno
1565:Dědová
1560:Ctětín
1540:Chrast
1524:Bylany
1519:Bousov
1514:Bořice
1012:with:
877:Sights
871:Choceň
864:Čáslav
794:+16.0%
751:+15.4%
740:−18.0%
454:minyan
425:where
396:Prague
336:German
294:538 03
166:Region
156:
1624:Horka
1585:Hamry
1462:Towns
897:bimah
838:−4.6%
835:4,769
827:+2.3%
824:4,997
816:−3.2%
813:4,885
805:+0.9%
802:5,046
791:5,003
762:+4.2%
759:4,312
748:4,137
737:3,585
729:−6.0%
726:4,370
718:−7.8%
715:4,649
686:−1.5%
683:5,045
675:+0.8%
672:5,120
664:−0.3%
661:5,078
653:+7.4%
650:5,095
639:4,746
544:Torah
520:rabbi
279:UTC+2
258:UTC+1
239:4,960
1857:Raná
1795:Orel
1747:Luže
1706:Lány
1681:Kočí
1470:and
832:2021
821:2011
810:2001
799:1991
788:1980
777:Pop.
773:Year
756:1970
745:1961
734:1950
723:1930
712:1921
701:Pop.
697:Year
680:1910
669:1900
658:1890
647:1880
636:1869
625:Pop.
621:Year
452:. A
446:Jews
283:CEST
210:Area
192:1325
59:Flag
31:Town
1885:Seč
1474:of
862:to
398:to
309:.cz
305:www
272:DST
262:CET
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