1334:
digital circuitry allows implementation of many additional features not possible with analog circuitry, can be used in all styles of hearing aids and is the most flexible; for example, digital hearing aids can be programmed to amplify certain frequencies more than others, and can provide better sound quality than analog hearing aids. Fully digital hearing aids can be programmed with multiple programs that can be invoked by the wearer, or that operate automatically and adaptively. These programs reduce acoustic feedback (whistling), reduce background noise, detect and automatically accommodate different listening environments (loud vs. soft, speech vs. music, quiet vs. noisy, etc.), control additional components such as multiple microphones to improve spatial hearing, transpose frequencies (shift high frequencies that a wearer may not hear to lower frequency regions where hearing may be better), and implement many other features. Fully digital circuitry also allows control over wireless transmission capability for both the audio and the control circuitry. Control signals in a hearing aid on one ear can be sent wirelessly to the control circuitry in the hearing aid on the opposite ear to ensure that the audio in both ears is either matched directly or that the audio contains intentional differences that mimic the differences in normal binaural hearing to preserve spatial hearing ability. Audio signals can be sent wirelessly to and from external devices through a separate module, often a small device worn like a pendant and commonly called a "streamer", that allows wireless connection to yet other external devices. This capability allows optimal use of mobile telephones, personal music players, remote microphones and other devices. With the addition of speech recognition and internet capability in the mobile phone, the wearer has optimal communication ability in many more situations than with hearing aids alone. This growing list includes voice activated dialing, voice activated software applications either on the phone or on the internet, receipt of audio signals from databases on the phone or on internet, or audio signals from television sets or from global positioning systems. The first practical, wearable, fully digital hearing aid was invented by
Maynard Engebretson, Robert E Morley Jr. and Gerald R Popelka. Their work resulted in
1630:
used in all contemporary full digital hearing aids including a bidirectional interface with an external computer, self-calibration, self-adjustment, wide bandwidth, digital programmability, a fitting algorithm based on audibility, internal storage of digital programs, and fully digital multichannel amplitude compression and output limiting. This group created several of these full digital hearing aids and used them for research on hearing impaired people as they wore them in the same manner as conventional hearing aids in real-world situations. In this first full DHA all stages of sound processing and control were carried out in binary form. The external sound was picked up by a microphone positioned in an ITE ear module to take advantage of the acoustic effects of the pinna, then converted into binary code, digitally processed and digitally controlled in real time, then converted back to an analog signal sent to two miniature loudspeakers positioned in the same ITE ear module. The ITE module also contained an inward facing microphone to measure the sound actually generated in the ear canal, a precursor to separate probe tube measures now routinely used for hearing aid fitting. The necessary electronic components, including batteries, to support this arrangement were situated in a BTE module that could be supplemented with a body worn module. These specialized hearing aid chips continued to become smaller, increase in computational ability and require even less power. Now, virtually all commercial hearing aids are fully digital and their digital signal processing capability has significantly increased. Very small and very low power specialized digital hearing aid chips are now used in all hearing aids manufactured worldwide. Many additional new features also have been added with various on-board advanced wireless technology.
244:
932:
phone, the sound is clearer and distortion is less likely. But in order for this to work, the phone has to be hearing-aid compatible. More technically, the phone's speaker has to have a voice coil that generates a relatively strong electromagnetic field. Speakers with strong voice coils are more expensive and require more energy than the tiny ones used in many modern telephones; phones with the small low-power speakers cannot couple electromagnetically with the telecoil in the hearing aid, so the hearing aid must then switch to acoustic mode. Also, many mobile phones emit high levels of electromagnetic noise that creates audible static in the hearing aid when the telecoil is used. A workaround that resolves this issue on many mobile phones is to plug a wired (not
Bluetooth) headset into the mobile phone; with the headset placed near the hearing aid the phone can be held far enough away to attenuate the static. Another method is to use a "neckloop" (which is like a portable, around-the-neck induction loop), and plug the neckloop directly into the standard audio jack (headphones jack) of a smartphone (or laptop, or stereo, etc.). Then, with the hearing aids' telecoil turned on (usually a button to press), the sound will travel directly from the phone, through the neckloop and into the hearing aids' telecoils.
502:
designed to contour to each user and can be used by people with mild to moderately severe hearing loss. Their close proximity to the ear drum results in improved sound directionality and localization, reduced feedback, and improved high frequency gain. While traditional BTE or ITC hearing aids require daily insertion and removal, extended wear hearing aids are worn continuously and then replaced with a new device. Users can change volume and settings without the aid of a hearing professional. The devices are very useful for active individuals because their design protects against moisture and earwax and can be worn while exercising, showering, etc. Because the device's placement within the ear canal makes them invisible to observers, extended wear hearing aids are popular with those who are self-conscious about the aesthetics of BTE or ITC hearing aid models. As with other hearing devices, compatibility is based on an individual's hearing loss, ear size and shape, medical conditions, and lifestyle. The disadvantages include regular removal and reinsertion of the device when the battery dies, inability to go underwater, earplugs when showering, and for some discomfort with the fit since it is inserted deeply in the ear canal, the only part of the body where skin rests directly on top of bone.
256:
1313:
external computer temporarily connected to the hearing aid to program the additional control circuitry. The wearer can change the program for different listening environments by pressing buttons either on the device itself or on a remote control or in some cases the additional control circuitry operates automatically. This type of circuitry is generally more flexible than simple adjustable controls. The first hearing aid with analog audio circuitry and automatic digital electronic control circuitry was based on US Patent 4,025,721, "Method of and means for adaptively filtering near-stationary noise from speech" by D Graupe, GD Causey, filed in 1975. This digital electronic control circuitry was used to identify and automatically reduce noise in individual frequency channels of the analog audio circuits and was known as the Zeta Noise
Blocker.
487:(concha). A comfortable fit is achieved because the shell of the aid is custom-made to the individual ear canal after taking a mold. Invisible hearing aid types use venting and their deep placement in the ear canal to give a more natural experience of hearing. Unlike other hearing aid types, with the IIC aid the majority of the ear is not blocked (occluded) by a large plastic shell. This means that sound can be collected more naturally by the shape of the ear, and can travel down into the ear canal as it would with unassisted hearing. Depending on their size, some models allow the wearer to use a mobile phone as a remote control to alter memory and volume settings, instead of taking the IIC out to do this. IIC types are most suitable for users up to middle age, but are not suitable for elderly people with unsteady hands.
1147:
direction of the desired speech signal source or rejection in the direction of the interfering signal source. Unless the user manually temporarily switches to a "restaurant program, forward only mode" adaptive directional microphones frequently amplify the speech of other talkers in a cocktail party type environments, such as restaurants or coffee shops; this can also be helpful during business meetings. The presence of multiple speech signals makes it difficult for the processor to correctly select the desired speech signal. Another disadvantage is that some noises often contain characteristics similar to speech, making it difficult for the hearing aid processor to distinguish the speech from the noise. Despite the disadvantages, adaptive directional microphones can provide improved speech recognition in noise.
1456:(PSAP) are classified by the FDA as "personal sound amplification devices". These compact electronic devices are designed for people without hearing loss. Unlike hearing aids (which the FDA classifies as devices to compensate for hearing impairment), the use of PSAP does not require a medical prescription. Such devices are used by hunters, naturalists (for audio observation of animals or birds), ordinary people (for example, to increase the volume of the TV in a quiet room), etc. PSAP models differ significantly in price and functionality. Some devices simply amplify sound. Others contain directional microphones, equalizers to adjust the audio signal gain and filter noise. In modern days, some people refer to these devices as OTC hearing aids.
451:
much more noticeable. Completely-in-the-canal hearing aids fit tightly deep in the ear. It is barely visible. Being small, it will not have a directional microphone, and its small batteries will have a short life, and the batteries and controls may be difficult to manage. Its position in the ear prevents wind noise and makes it easier to use phones without feedback. In-the-canal hearing aids are placed deep in the ear canal. They are barely visible. Larger versions of these can have directional microphones. Being in the canal, they are less likely to cause a plugged feeling. These models are easier to manipulate than the smaller completely in-the-canal models but still have the drawbacks of being rather small.
1723:
the need for a medical exam, prescription or a fitting adjustment by an audiologist. The FDA action amends existing rules that apply to prescription hearing aids for consistency with the new OTC category, it repeals the conditions for sale for hearing aids, and it includes provisions that address some of the effects of the FDA OTC hearing aid regulations on state regulation of hearing aids. The FDA also issued the final guidance, Regulatory
Requirements for Hearing Aid Devices and Personal Sound Amplification Products (PSAPs), to clarify the differences between hearing aids, which are medical devices, and PSAPs, consumer products that help people with normal hearing amplify sounds.
1602:
computers were not fast enough for audio processing in real time and their size prevented them from being described as wearable, but they allowed successful studies of the various hardware circuits and algorithms for digital processing of audio signals. The software package Block of
Compiled Diagrams (BLODI) developed by Kelly, Lockbaum and Vysotskiy in 1961 allowed simulation of any sound system that could be characterized in the form of a block diagram. A special phone was created so that a person with a hearing impairment could listen to the digitally processed signals, but not in real time. In 1967, Harry Levitt used BLODI to simulate a hearing aid on a digital computer.
1203:"Essential" phones are defined as "coin-operated telephones, telephones provided for emergency use, and other telephones frequently needed for use by persons using such hearing aids." These might include workplace telephones, telephones in confined settings (like hospitals and nursing homes), and telephones in hotel and motel rooms. Secure telephones, as well as telephones used with public mobile and private radio services, are exempt from the HAC Act. "Secure" phones are defined as "telephones that are approved by the U.S. Government for the transmission of classified or sensitive voice communications."
157:. Hearing aid candidacy was traditionally determined by a Doctor of Audiology, or a certified hearing specialist, who will also fit the device based on the nature and degree of the hearing loss being treated. The amount of benefit experienced by the user of the hearing aid is multi-factorial, depending on the type, severity, and etiology of the hearing loss, the technology and fitting of the device, and on the motivation, personality, lifestyle, and overall health of the user. Over-the-counter hearing aids, which address mild- to moderate- hearing loss, are designed to be adjusted by the user.
316:
169:
processing, and which may negatively affect speech perception, are more difficult to compensate for using digital signal processing and in some cases may be exacerbated by the use of amplification. Conductive hearing losses, which do not involve damage to the cochlea, tend to be better treated by hearing aids; the hearing aid is able to sufficiently amplify sound to account for the attenuation caused by the conductive component. Once the sound is able to reach the cochlea at normal or near-normal levels, the cochlea and auditory nerve are able to transmit signals to the brain normally.
1070:
970:
microprocessor that carries digital sound processing according to a given algorithm. Application configuration is carried out by the user themselves in accordance with the individual features of their hearing ability. The computational power of modern mobile devices is sufficient to produce the best sound quality. This, coupled with software application settings (for example, profile selection according to a sound environment) provides for high comfort and convenience of use. In comparison with the digital hearing aid, mobile applications have the following advantages:
1323:
280:
1089:
1625:
and fabricated, miniaturized full digital computer chips using custom digital signal processing chips with low power and very large scale integrated (VLSI) chip technology able to process both the audio signal in real time and the control signals, yet able to be powered by a battery and be fully wearable as a full digital wearable hearing aid able to be actually used by individuals with hearing loss in real-world environments. Engebretson, Morley and
Popelka were the inventors of the first full digital hearing aid. Their work resulted in
1715:(FDA) rules. A 1976 statute explicitly prohibits any state requirement that is "different from, or in addition to, any requirement applicable" to regulated medical devices (which includes hearing aids) which relates "to the safety and effectiveness of the device". Inconsistent state regulation is preempted under the federal law. In the late 1970s, the FDA established federal rules governing hearing aid sales, and addressed various requests by state authorities for exemptions from federal preemption, granting some and denying others. The
1264:
886:
1239:
1732:
328:
393:
385:
1514:
helps. Audiologists often run a quick preparation course for the patients. As a rule, users have inflated expectations of hearing aids. They expect that hearing aids will help them to hear in the same way as before hearing loss, but it is not the case. Training sessions help hearing aid users to get accustomed to the feeling of new sounds. Users are strongly recommended to regularly visit an audiologist, including for the purposes of additional hearing aid adjustment.
268:
42:
304:
1309:
laboratory build the hearing aid to meet those specifications. After the adjustment the resulting audio does not change any further, other than overall loudness that the wearer adjusts with a volume control. This type of circuitry is generally the least flexible. The first practical electronic hearing aid with adjustable analog audio circuitry was based on US Patent 2,017,358, "Hearing Aid
Apparatus and Amplifier" by Samual Gordon Taylor, filed in 1932.
623:
292:
5269:
1553:
1780:, up to $ 500 for each hearing aid. Like eye appointments, audiological appointments are no longer covered through the provincial public health plan. Audiometric testing can still easily be obtained, often free of charge, in private sector hearing aid clinics and some ear, nose and throat doctors offices. Hearing aids may be covered to some extent by private insurance or in some cases through government programs such as
5257:
1169:
called "hearing loops") that transmit sound to hearing aids from public address systems and TVs. In the UK and the Nordic countries, hearing loops are widely used in churches, shops, railway stations, and other public places. In the US, telecoils and hearing loops are gradually becoming more common. Audio induction loops, telecoils and hearing loops are gradually becoming more common also in
600:
procedure. This often disappears after some time. There is no risk of further hearing loss due to the surgery. One important feature of the BAHA is that, if a patient for whatever reason does not want to continue with the arrangement, it takes the surgeon less than a minute to remove it. The BAHA does not restrict the wearer from any activities such as outdoor life, sporting activities etc.
4814:
4774:
4730:
3360:
1818:(then called RNID) to improve the quality of NHS hearing aids so every NHS audiology department in England was fitting digital hearing aids by March 2005. By 2003 over 175,000 NHS digital hearing aids had been fitted to 125,000 people. Private companies were recruited to enhance the capacity, and two were appointed – David Ormerod Hearing Centres, partly owned by
4128:"Применение технологии широкополосного изменения огибающей спектра звукового сигнала Petralex® в онлайн-приложениях коррекции слуха::Журнал СА 7–8.2014 (Mann, Eric A., M.D., PhD, "Hearing Aids and Personal Sound Amplifiers: Know the Difference", U.S. Food and Drug Administration Consumer Updates website, Oct. 20, 2009. Retrieved 2013-05-23.)"
521:
similar to behind the ear hearing aids. The CROS system can assist the patient in sound localization and understanding auditory information on their poor side. While CROS hearing aids can be quite effective, the long-term solution for those with hearing issues on one side is to use a BiCROS system. This creates more of a balance for wearers.
4555:
409:. The case contains the electronics, controls, battery, and microphone(s).The loudspeaker, or receiver, may be housed in the case (traditional BTE) or in the earmold or dome tip (receiver-in-the-canal, or RIC). The RIC style of BTE hearing aid is often smaller than a traditional BTE and more commonly used in more active populations.
3357:
1063:
streaming device (usually worn around the neck or in a pocket), this bluetooth enabled secondary device then streams wirelessly to the hearing aid but can only do so over a short distance. This technology can be applied to ready-to-wear devices (BTE, Mini BTE, RIE, etc.) or to custom made devices that fit directly into the ear.
1359:
microprocessor processes the digital signal received by the microphone according to an algorithm. This allows certain-frequency sounds to be made louder according to the individual user's settings (personal audiogram), and the DHA can automatically adjust to various environments (noisy streets, quiet room, concert hall, etc.).
1363:
hearing abilities the opportunity to perceive the whole range of ambient sounds, despite the personal difficulties of perception of certain frequencies. Moreover, even in this "narrow" range the DHA microprocessor is able to emphasize desired sounds (e.g. speech), lowering unwanted loud, high, etc., sounds at the same time.
643:
BTE neatly alongside the arm of the glasses. There are still some specialized situations where hearing aids built into the frame of eyeglasses can be useful, such as when a person has hearing loss mainly in one ear: sound from a microphone on the "bad" side can be sent through the frame to the side with better hearing.
1055:
integrated with the use of hearing aids. A separate wireless microphone can be given to a partner to wear in a restaurant, in the car, during leisure time, in the shopping mall, at lectures, or during religious services. The voice is transmitted wirelessly to the hearing aids eliminating the effects of distance and
413:
devices. Size typically depends on the output level needed, the location of the receiver, and the presence or absence of a telecoil. BTEs are durable, easy to repair, and often have controls and battery doors that are easier to manipulate. BTEs are also easily connected to assistive listening devices, such as
1990:
675, 675A, 675AE, 675AP, 675CA, 675CP, 675HP, 675HPX, 675 Implant Plus, 675P (HP), 675PA, 675SA, 675SP, A675, A675P, AC675, AC675E, AC675E/EZ, AC675EZ, AC-675E, AP675, B675PA, B6754, B900PA, C675, DA675, DA675H, DA675H/N, DA675N, DA675X, H675AE, L675ZA, ME9Z, P675, P675i+, PR44, PR44P, PR675, PR675H,
1889:
Research involving more than 40,000 US households showed a convincing correlation between the degree of hearing loss and the reduction of personal income. According to the same research, hearing aids were shown to mitigate the impact of income loss by 90%–100% for those with milder hearing losses and
1624:
began in the early 1980s by a research group at
Central Institute for the Deaf headed up by faculty members at Washington University in St. Louis MO. This group created the first fully digital wearable hearing aid. They first conceived a complete, comprehensive full digital hearing aid, then designed
1502:
Due to the plasticity of the central nervous system, inactive hearing centers in the brain's cortex switch over to processing auditory stimuli in another frequency and intensity. The brain starts to perceive sounds amplified by the hearing aid immediately after the initial adjustment; however, it may
1414:
The operational principles of hearing aid applications correspond to general operational principles of digital hearing aids: the microphone perceives an acoustic signal and converts it to digital form. Sound amplification is achieved through hardware and software in accordance with the user's hearing
1358:
Analogue hearing aids make all the sounds picked up by the microphone louder. For example, speech and ambient noise will be made louder together. On the other hand, digital hearing aid (DHA) technology processes the sound using digital technology. Before transmitting the sound to the speaker, the DHA
1271:
Direct audio input (DAI) allows the hearing aid to be directly connected to an external audio source like a CD player or an assistive listening device (ALD). By its very nature, DAI is susceptible to far less electromagnetic interference, and yields a better quality audio signal as opposed to using a
1168:
generates an electromagnetic field that can be detected by T-coils, allowing audio sources to be directly connected to a hearing aid. The T-coil is intended to help the wearer filter out background noise. They can be used with telephones, FM systems (with neck loops), and induction loop systems (also
897:
A hearing aid and a telephone are "compatible" when they can connect to each other in a way that produces clear, easily understood sound. The term "compatibility" is applied to all three types of telephones (wired, cordless, and mobile). There are two ways telephones and hearing aids can connect with
642:
pieces of the spectacles. However, the combination of glasses and hearing aids was inflexible: the range of frame styles was limited, and the user had to wear both hearing aids and glasses at once or wear neither. Today, people who use both glasses and hearing aids can use in-the-ear types, or rest a
450:
Mini in canal (MIC) or completely in canal (CIC) aids are generally not visible unless the viewer looks directly into the wearer's ear. These aids are intended for mild to moderately severe losses. CICs are usually not recommended for people with good low-frequency hearing, as the occlusion effect is
2094:
10, 10A, 10AE, 10AP, 10DS, 10HP, 10HPX, 10SA, 10UP, 20PA, 230, 230E, 230EZ, 230HPX, AC10, AC10EZ, AC10/230, AC10/230E, AC10/230EZ, AC230, AC230E, AC230E/EZ, AC230EZ, AC-230E, AP10, B0104, B20BA, B20PA, CP35, DA10, DA10H, DA10H/N, DA10N, DA230, DA230/10, L10ZA, ME10Z, P10, PR10, PR10H, PR230H, PR536,
1870:
which substantially limits major life activities, some state-run vocational rehabilitation programs can provide upwards of full financial assistance. Severe and profound hearing loss often falls within the "substantially limiting" category. Less expensive hearing aids can be found on the internet or
1722:
In August 2022, the FDA issued a final rule to improve access to hearing aids. The action establishes a new category of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, enabling consumers with perceived mild to moderate hearing impairment to purchase hearing aids directly from stores or online retailers without
1613:
The hybrid device was effective from a practical point of view because of the low power consumption and compact size. At that time, low-power analog amplifier technology was well developed in contrast to the available semiconductor chips able to process digital audio in real time. The combination of
1342:
The signal processing is performed by the microprocessor in real time and taking into account the individual preferences of the user (for example, increasing bass for better speech perception in noisy environments, or selective amplification of high frequencies for people with reduced sensibility to
1054:
Recent hearing aids include wireless hearing aids. One hearing aid can transmit to the other side so that pressing one aid's program button simultaneously changes the other aid, so that both aids change background settings simultaneously. FM listening systems are now emerging with wireless receivers
441:
is a tube primarily placed to offer pressure equalization. However, different vent styles and sizes can be used to influence and prevent feedback. Traditionally, ITEs have not been recommended for young children because their fit could not be as easily modified as the earmold for a BTE, and thus the
2061:
312, 312A, 312AE, 312AP, 312HP, 312HPX, 312P, 312PA, 312SA, 312ZA, AC312, AC312E, AC312E/EZ, AC312EZ, AC-312E, AP312, B312BA, B3124, B347PA, CP41, DA312, DA312H, DA312H/N, DA312N, DA312X, E312E, H312AE, L312ZA, ME7Z, P312, PR312, PR312H, PR-312PA, PZ312, PZA312, R312ZA, S312A, V312A, V312AT, VT312,
1609:
began with the creation of the hybrid hearing aid, in which the analog components of a conventional hearing aid consisting of amplifiers, filters and signal limiting were combined with a separate digital programmable component in a conventional hearing aid case. The audio processing remained analog
1471:
There are also applications that not only adapt the sound of music but also include some hearing aid functions. Such applications include a sound amplification mode in accordance with the user's hearing characteristics as well as a noise suppression mode and a mode allowing the user to hear ambient
745:
The principle of HAA operation corresponds to the basic principles of operation of traditional hearing aids: the microphone receives an acoustic signal and converts it into a digital form. Sound amplification is achieved by the means of a mobile computational platform, in accordance with the degree
599:
The surgical procedure is simple both for the surgeon, involving very few risks for the experienced ear surgeon. For the patient, minimal discomfort and pain is reported. Patients may experience numbness of the area around the implant as small superficial nerves in the skin are sectioned during the
412:
BTEs are generally capable of providing more output and may therefore be indicated for more severe degrees of hearing loss. However, BTEs are very versatile and can be used for nearly any kind of hearing loss. BTEs come in a variety of sizes, ranging from a small, "mini BTE", to larger, ultra-power
1513:
Patients are offered an initial schedule to wear their hearing aid, ensuring gradual adaptation to it. If the patient wears the hearing aid continually from the beginning, the unfamiliar sound may cause a headache, and as a result, the user may refuse to wear a hearing aid despite the fact that it
1308:
Adjustable control: The audio circuit is analog with electronic components that can be adjusted. The hearing professional determines the gain and other specifications required for the wearer, and then adjusts the analog components either with small controls on the hearing aid itself or by having a
1288:
Every electronic hearing aid has at minimum a microphone, a loudspeaker (commonly called a receiver), a battery, and electronic circuitry. The electronic circuitry varies among devices, even if they are the same style. The circuitry falls into three categories based on the type of audio processing
1139:
Many hearing aids have both an omnidirectional and a directional microphone mode. This is because the wearer may not need or desire the noise-reducing properties of the directional microphone in a given situation. Typically, the omnidirectional microphone mode is used in quiet listening situations
1131:
Most older hearing aids have only an omnidirectional microphone. An omnidirectional microphone amplifies sounds equally from all directions. In contrast, a directional microphone amplifies sounds from one direction more than sounds from other directions. This means that sounds originating from the
939:
issued the TIA-1083 standard, which gives manufacturers of cordless telephones the ability to test their products for compatibility with most hearing aids that have a T-Coil magnetic coupling mode. With this testing, digital cordless phone manufacturers will be able to inform consumers about which
931:
The electromagnetic (telecoil) mode is usually more effective than the acoustic method. This is mainly because the microphone is often automatically switched off when the hearing aid is operating in telecoil mode, so background noise is not amplified. Since there is an electronic connection to the
129:. The amount of benefit a hearing aid delivers depends in large part on the quality of its fitting. Almost all hearing aids in use in the US are digital hearing aids, as analog aids are phased out. Devices similar to hearing aids include the osseointegrated auditory prosthesis (formerly called the
1629:
4,548,082, "Hearing aids, signal supplying apparatus, systems for compensating hearing deficiencies, and methods" by A Maynard
Engebretson, Robert E Morley Jr. and Gerald R Popelka, filed in 1984 and issued in 1985. This full digital wearable hearing aid also included many additional features now
1464:
There are audio players designed specifically for the hard-of-hearing. These applications amplify the volume of the reproduced audio signal in accordance with the user's hearing characteristics and act as a music volume amplifier and assistive hearing aid. The amplification algorithm works on the
701:
These 'hearing glasses' incorporate a directional microphone capability: four microphones on each side of the frame effectively work as two directional microphones, which are able to discern between sound coming from the front and sound coming from the sides or back of the user. This improves the
692:
Unlike the bone conduction spectacles the sound is transmitted via hearing aids which are attached to the arm or arms of the spectacles. When removing your glasses for cleaning, the hearing aids are detached at the same time. Whilst there are genuine instances where spectacle aids are a preferred
679:
Sounds are transmitted via a receiver attached from the arm of the spectacles which are fitted firmly behind the boney portion of the skull at the back of the ear, (mastoid process) by means of pressure, applied on the arm of the spectacles. The sound is passed from the receiver on the arm of the
520:
is a hearing aid that transmits auditory information from one side of the head to the other side of the head. Candidates include people who have poor word understanding on one side, no hearing on one side, or who are not benefiting from a hearing aid on one side. CROS hearing aids can appear very
1759:
provides eligible
Australian citizens and residents with a basic hearing aid free-of-charge, though recipients can pay a "top up" charge if they wish to upgrade to a hearing aid with more or better features. Maintenance of these hearing aids and a regular supply of batteries is also provided, on
1176:
A T-coil consists of a metal core (or rod) around which ultra-fine wire is coiled. T-coils are also called induction coils because when the coil is placed in a magnetic field, an alternating electric current is induced in the wire (Ross, 2002b; Ross, 2004). The T-coil detects magnetic energy and
1132:
direction the system is steered toward are amplified more than sounds coming from other directions. If the desired speech arrives from the direction of steering and the noise is from a different direction, then compared to an omnidirectional microphone, a directional microphone provides a better
501:
Extended wear hearing aids are hearing devices that are non-surgically placed in the ear canal by a hearing professional. The extended wear hearing aid represents the first "invisible" hearing device. These devices are worn for 1–3 months at a time without removal. They are made of soft material
192:
which measures a subject's hearing levels in laboratory conditions. The threshold of audibility for various sounds and intensities is measured in a variety of conditions. Although audiometric tests may attempt to mimic real-world conditions, the patient's own every day experiences may differ. An
1601:
began in the 1960s with the widespread use of digital computers for simulation of audio processing and for the analysis of systems and algorithms. The work was conducted with the help of the very large digital computers of that era. These efforts were not actual digital hearing aids because the
1484:
A person using a hearing aid for the first time often cannot make use of all its advantages quickly. The structure and characteristics of hearing aids are thoroughly devised by specialists in order to make the adjustment period as simple and quick as possible. However, despite this, a beginning
1362:
For users with varying degrees of hearing loss, it is difficult to perceive the entire frequency range of external sounds. DHAs with multi-channel digital processing allow a user to "compose" the output sound by fitting a whole spectrum of the input signal into it. This gives users with limited
1312:
Programmable control: The audio circuit is analog but with additional electronic control circuitry that can be programmed by an audiologist, often with more than one program. The electronic control circuitry can be fixed during manufacturing or in some cases, the hearing professional can use an
1254:
is an electronic device used with hearing aids; hearing aids often come with a special set of metal contacts for audio input. Typically the audio boot will fit around the end of the hearing aid (a behind-the-ear model, as in-the-ear do not afford any purchase for the connection) to link it with
168:
and synapses of the cochlea and auditory nerve. Sensorineural hearing loss reduces the sensitivity to sound, which a hearing aid can partially accommodate by making sound louder. Other decrements in auditory perception caused by sensorineural hearing loss, such as abnormal spectral and temporal
1865:
in the United States do not provide coverage for hearing aids, so all costs are usually borne by the recipient. The cost for a single hearing aid can vary between $ 500 and $ 6,000 or more, depending on the level of technology and whether the clinician bundles fitting fees into the cost of the
1338:
4,548,082, "Hearing aids, signal supplying apparatus, systems for compensating hearing deficiencies, and methods" by A Maynard Engebretson, Robert E Morley Jr. and Gerald R Popelka, filed in 1984. This patent formed the basis of all subsequent fully digital hearing aids from all manufacturers,
1333:
audio, programmable control: Both the audio circuit and the additional control circuits are fully digital. The hearing professional programs the hearing aid with an external computer temporarily connected to the device and can adjust all processing characteristics on an individual basis. Fully
1184:
Although T-coils are effectively a wide-band receiver, interference is unusual in most hearing loop situations. Interference can manifest as a buzzing sound, which varies in volume depending on the distance the wearer is from the source. Sources are electromagnetic fields, such as CRT computer
1146:
directional microphones automatically vary the direction of maximum amplification or rejection (to reduce an interfering directional sound source). The direction of amplification or rejection is varied by the hearing aid processor. The processor attempts to provide maximum amplification in the
486:
Invisible-in-canal hearing aids (IIC) style of hearing aids fits inside the ear canal completely, leaving little to no trace of an installed hearing aid visible. This is because it fits deeper in the canal than other types, so that it is out of view even when looking directly into the ear bowl
4547:
1062:
2.4 gigahertz Bluetooth connectivity is the most recent innovation in wireless interfacing for hearing instruments to audio sources such as TV streamers or Bluetooth enabled mobile phones. Current hearing aids generally do not stream directly via Bluetooth but rather do so through a secondary
446:
type material that mitigates the need for costly replacements. ITE hearing aids can be connected wirelessly to FM systems, for instance with a body-worn FM receiver with induction neck-loop which transmits the audio signal from the FM transmitter inductively to the telecoil inside the hearing
662:
These are generally worn by people with a hearing loss who either prefer a more cosmetic appeal of their hearing aids by being attached to their glasses or where sound cannot be passed in the normal way, via a hearing aids, perhaps due to a blockage in the ear canal. pathway or if the client
969:
Computer programs that allow the creation of a hearing aid using a PC, tablet or smartphone are currently gaining in popularity. Modern mobile devices have all the necessary components to implement this: hardware (an ordinary microphone and headphones may be used) and a high-performance
437:, a squealing/whistling caused by sound (particularly high frequency sound) leaking and being amplified again, may be a problem for severe hearing losses. Some modern circuits are able to provide feedback regulation or cancellation to assist with this. Venting may also cause feedback. A
1444:
One of the most important characteristics of the hearing aid is acoustic feedback. In hearing aid applications, there is a significant hardware delay, so hearing aid applications use a signal processing scheme with the minimum possible algorithmic delay to make it as short as possible.
1136:. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio improves speech understanding in noise. Directional microphones have been found to be the second best method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (the best method was an FM system, which locates the microphone near the mouth of the desired talker).
1874:
Military veterans receiving VA medical care are eligible for hearing aids based on medical need. The Veterans Administration pays the full cost of testing and hearing aids to qualified military veterans. Major VA medical facilities provide complete diagnostic and audiology services.
1506:
Feeling the hearing aid in the ear may seem unusual. It also takes time to adapt to a new way of hearing. The ear has to be gradually adjusted to the new sound. The sound may seem unnatural, metallic, too loud or too quiet. A whistling sound may also appear, which can be unpleasant.
1222:, or other components. The FCC has set a timetable for the development and sale of digital wireless telephones that are compatible with hearing aids. This effort promises to increase the number of digital wireless telephones that are hearing aid-compatible. Older generations of both
1033:) too. However, the results of the test are used only to adjust the device for comfortable working with the application. The procedure of hearing testing in any way cannot claim to replace an audiometry test carried out by a medical specialist, so cannot be a basis for diagnosis.
1614:
high performance analog components for real time audio processing and a separate low power digital programmable component only for controlling the analog signal led to the creation of several low power digital programmable components able to implement different types of control.
2023:
13, 13A, 13AE, 13AP, 13HP, 13HPX, 13P, 13PA, 13SA, 13ZA, A13, AC13, AC13E, AC13E/EZ, AC13EZ, AC-13E, AP13, B13BA, B0134, B26PA, CP48, DA13, DA13H, DA13H/N, DA13N, DA13X, E13E, L13ZA, ME8Z, P13, PR13, PR13H, PR-13PA, PZ13, PZA13, R13ZA, S13A, V13A, VT13, V13AT, W13ZA, XL13, ZA13
1475:
Also, some applications allow the hard-of-hearing to watch video and listen to the radio with comfort. The operational principles of these applications are similar to those of hearing aid applications: the audio signal is amplified on the frequencies that the user hears worse.
765:
Constructional features of mobile computational platforms imply preferred use of stereo headsets with two speakers, which allows carrying out binaural hearing correction for the left and right ear separately. HAAs can work with both wired and wireless headsets and headphones.
710:
for sounds coming from the sides or behind. Only very recently has the technology required become small enough to be fitted in the frame of the glasses. As a recent addition to the market, this new hearing aid is currently available only in the Netherlands and Belgium.
1610:
but it was controlled by the digital programmable component. The digital component could be programmed by connecting the device to an external computer in the laboratory then disconnected to allow the hybrid device to function as a conventional wearable hearing aid.
1796:
Social Insurance pays a one time fee of ISK 30,000 for any kind of hearing aid. However, the rules are complicated and require that both ears have significant hearing loss in order to qualify for reimbursement. BTE hearing aids range from ISK 60,000 to ISK 300,000.
1537:
The adaptation course includes a certain number of stages, starting from listening to a set of low everyday sounds in a quiet environment, getting accustomed to one's own speech and other people's speech, getting accustomed to speech among background noise, etc.
1440:
Hearing aid applications allow the user to save different user profiles for different acoustic environments. Thus, in contrast to the static settings of digital hearing aids, the user can quickly switch between the profiles depending on the acoustic environment.
1719:(OTC Act) was passed under the FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017, creating a class of hearing aids regulated by the FDA available directly to consumers without involvement from a licensed professional. This law's provisions are expected to go into effect in 2020.
1805:
In India hearing aids of all kinds are easily available. Under central and state government health services, the poor can often avail themselves of free hearing devices. However, market prices vary for others and can range from Rs 10,000 to Rs 275,000 per ear.
433:). Being larger, these are easier to insert and can hold extra features. They are sometimes visible when standing face to face with someone. ITE hearing aids are custom made to fit each individual's ear. They can be used in mild to some severe hearing losses.
1617:
A hybrid hearing aid was developed by Etymotic Design. A little later, Mangold and Lane created a programmable multi-channel hybrid hearing aid. Graupe with co-authors developed a digital programmable component that implemented an adaptive noise filter.
1436:
Hearing aid applications also provide for different computational formulas for the calculation of sound amplification based on the audiometry data. These formulas are intended for maximum comfortable speech amplification and best sound intelligibility.
1102:
In developed countries FM systems are considered a cornerstone in the treatment of hearing loss in children. More and more adults discover the benefits of wireless FM systems as well, especially since transmitters with different microphone settings and
243:
575:
Individuals under the age of two (five in the USA) typically wear the BAHA device on a Softband. This can be worn from the age of one month as babies tend to tolerate this arrangement very well. When the child's skull bone is sufficiently thick, a
3404:"Приложение для смартфонов заменит глухим слуховой аппарат? – Глухих.нет. Новостной портал для глухих и слабослышащих | Новости мира глухих и слабослышащих | Сайт глухих | Спорт глухих | Can application substitute hearing aid?"
1844:
in North Staffordshire considered proposals to end provision of free hearing aids for adults with mild to moderate age related hearing loss, which currently cost them £1.2m a year. Action on Hearing Loss mobilised a campaign against the proposal.
1658:
regulates the safety, quality, and effectiveness of hearing aids. All hearing aids imported and sold in Canada are subject to a pre-market review. Post-market, Health Canada monitors the performance of the hearing aid and any consumer complaints.
680:
spectacles to the inner ear (cochlea), via the bony portion. The process of transmitting the sound through the bone requires a great amount of power. Bone conduction aids generally have a poorer high pitch response and are therefore best used for
1343:
this range). The microprocessor automatically analyzes the nature of the external background noise and adapts the signal processing to the specific conditions (as well as to its change, for example, when the user goes outside from the building).
400:
Behind the ear hearing aids are one of two major classes of hearing aids – behind the ear (BTE) and in the ear (ITE). These two classes are distinguished by where the hearing aid is worn. BTE hearing aids consist of a case which hangs behind the
1410:
have all the necessary hardware to perform the functions of a digital hearing aid: microphone, AD converter, digital processor, DA converter, amplifier, and speakers. External microphone and speakers can also be connected as a special headset.
1683:
Hearing aids are provided by the state to children, OAPs and to people whose income is at or below that of the state pension. The Irish state hearing aid provision is extremely poor; people often have to wait for two years for an appointment.
1852:
produced new guidance saying that hearing aids should be offered at the first opportunity when hearing loss affects the individual's ability to hear and communicate, rather than waiting for arbitrary thresholds of hearing loss to be reached.
864:
made electronic amplification possible, but early versions of amplified hearing aids were too heavy to carry around. Miniaturization of vacuum tubes lead to portable models, and after World War II, wearable models using miniature tubes. The
1140:(e.g. living room) whereas the directional microphone is used in noisy listening situations (e.g. restaurant). The microphone mode is typically selected manually by the wearer. Some hearing aids automatically switch the microphone mode.
4799:
1567:, and were created in the 17th century. Some of the first hearing aids were external hearing aids. External hearing aids directed sounds in front of the ear and blocked all other noises. The apparatus would fit behind or in the ear.
2846:
405:. The case is attached to an earmold or dome tip by a traditional tube, slim tube, or wire. The tube or wire courses from the superior-ventral portion of the pinna to the concha, where the ear mold or dome tip inserts into the
4759:
4069:
1432:
The hearing correction application has two modes: audiometry and correction. In the audiometry mode, hearing thresholds are measured. In the correction mode, the signal is processed with respect to the obtained thresholds.
371:
and is carried in a pocket or on a belt. Without the size constraints of smaller hearing devices, body worn aid designs can provide large amplification and long battery life at a lower cost. Body aids are still used in
5008:
4715:
4465:
Popelka, GR: Computer assisted hearing aid fitting, in Microcomputer Applications in Rehabilitation of Communication Disorders, M.L. Grossfeld and C.A. Grossfeld, Editors. 1986, Aspen Publishing: Rockville, Maryland.
4046:
4494:
2133:
1122:
members can borrow suitable receivers and hear the program without background noise. In some theatres and churches FM transmitters are available that work with the personal FM receivers of hearing instruments.
4925:
3709:
2275:
Although audioprothésistes are allowed to administer hearing tests, to prevents conflicts of interest, the healthcare system will no compensate hearing aids if the test was not performed by an audiologist.
923:
Note that telecoil coupling has nothing to do with the radio signal in a cellular or cordless phone: the audio signal picked up by the telecoil is the weak electromagnetic field that is generated by the
3052:
1214:. Although analog wireless phones do not usually cause interference with hearing aids or cochlear implants, digital wireless phones often do because of electromagnetic energy emitted by the phone's
3433:
1200:(FCC) ensure that all telephones manufactured or imported for use in the United States after August 1989, and all "essential" telephones, be hearing aid-compatible (through the use of a telecoil).
1665:
In Canada, a prescription is required to purchase hearing aids. Only licensed audiologists, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) doctors, hearing instrument practitioners (where the profession exists), and
4791:
1909:
cells, but these cells have become banned in most countries today.) Modern hearing aid button cell types are typically referred to by their common number name or the color of their packaging.
1662:
Hearing aid financial assistance is available at both the federal and provincial level. Provincial hearing aid assistance and coverage can vary widely depending on the province and territory.
1837:) or cochlear implants, where specifically required, BTEs are usually the only style available. Private purchases may be necessary if a user desires a different style. Batteries are free.
1421:
Unlike digital hearing aids, the adjustment of hearing aid applications is an integral part of the application itself. Hearing aid applications are adjusted in accordance with the user's
214:. Real ear measurements (or probe microphone measurements) are an assessment of the characteristics of hearing aid amplification near the ear drum using a silicone probe tube microphone.
1690:
Hearing aids are also available privately, and there is grant assistance available for insured workers. For the fiscal year ending 2016, the grant stands at a maximum of €500 per ear.
4006:
2842:
4747:
3220:
1655:
1399:
These advantages of DHAs were confirmed by a number of studies relating to the comparative analysis of digital hearing aids of second and first generations and analog hearing aids.
4076:
454:
In-the-ear hearing aids are typically more expensive than behind-the-ear counterparts of equal functionality, because they are custom fitted to the patient's ear. In fitting, the
255:
1011:
It should be clearly understood that "hearing aid" application for smartphone / tablet cannot be considered a complete substitution of a digital hearing aid, since the latter:
4707:
4456:
Engebretson, AM, Popelka, GR, Morley, RE, Niemoeller, AF, and Heidbreder, AF: A digital hearing aid and computer-based fitting procedure. Hearing Instruments 1986; 37(2): 8-14
773:
procedure, which determines the user's hearing characteristics. Hearing aid mode is a hearing correction system that corrects the user's hearing in accordance with the user's
1898:
While there are some instances that a hearing aid uses a rechargeable battery or a long-life disposable battery, the majority of modern hearing aids use one of five standard
1289:(analog or digital) and the type of control circuitry (adjustable or programmable). Hearing aid devices generally do not contain processors strong enough to process complex
552:
based on bone conduction. It is an option for patients without external ear canals, when conventional hearing aids with a mold in the ear cannot be used. The BAHA uses the
1350:, for example using neural networks, finds application in hearing aids. Problems may arise if these methods filter out emergency sounds such as fire alarms and car horns.
4042:
1386:
Flexibility in selective amplification. They can provide more flexibility in frequency specific amplification to match the individual hearing characteristics of the user.
3377:
3161:
4486:
4217:
1930:
The type of battery a specific hearing aid utilizes depends on the physical size allowable and the desired lifetime of the battery, which is in turn determined by the
869:
invented in 1948 was well suited to the hearing aid application due to low power and small size; hearing aids were an early adopter of transistors. The development of
4905:
4831:
3705:
735:
4921:
2624:
Katz, Jack; Medwetsky, Larry; Burkard, Robert; Hood, Linda (2009). "Chapter 38, Hearing Aid Fitting for Adults: Selection, Fitting, Verification, and Validation".
2988:
2871:
117:
Modern hearing aids require configuration to match the hearing loss, physical features, and lifestyle of the wearer. The hearing aid is fitted to the most recent
3962:
1570:
The movement toward modern hearing aids began with the creation of the telephone, and the first electric hearing aid, the "akouphone", was created about 1895 by
4354:
4577:
5031:
4524:
3557:
Hawkins DB (November 1984). "Comparisons of speech recognition in noise by mildly-to-moderately hearing-impaired children using hearing aids and FM systems".
4105:
3791:
Ganguly Anshuman, Reddy Chandan, Hao Yiya, Panahi Issa (2016). "Improving Sound Localization for Hearing Aid Devices Using Smartphone Assisted Technology".
2567:
2458:
1059:. FM systems have shown to give the best speech understanding in noise of all available technologies. FM systems can also be hooked up to a TV or a stereo.
3040:
966:
The best possible rating is M4/T4 meaning that the phone works well in both modes. Devices rated below M3 are unsatisfactory for people with hearing aids.
5125:"Comparison of personal sound amplification products and conventional hearing aids for patients with hearing loss: A systematic review with meta-analysis"
3429:
3336:
1871:
mail order catalogs, but most in the under-$ 200 range tend to amplify the low frequencies of background noise, making it harder to hear the human voice.
3688:
2948:
2968:
3851:
838:
because the microphone is not located in the ear, it does not use the functional advantages of the auricle and the natural acoustics of the outer ear.
3926:
1849:
1188:
The states of Florida and Arizona have passed legislation that requires hearing professionals to inform patients about the usefulness of telecoils.
1069:
110:
rules. Modern devices also utilize sophisticated digital signal processing, aiming to improve speech intelligibility and comfort for the user. Such
3987:
3832:
5224:
4192:
3991:
1777:
1150:
FM systems have been found to provide a better signal-to-noise ratio even at larger speaker-to-talker distances in simulated testing conditions.
1415:
characteristics. Then, the signal is converted to analog form and received in the headphones by the user. The signal is processed in real time.
4426:"A single microphone-based self-adaptive filter of noise from speech and its performance evaluation. J Rehabil Res Dev 24(4), 1987 (this issue"
3137:
2924:
3407:
2820:
1517:
Hearing aid applications, in contrast to traditional hearing aids, allow the implementation of options such as a built-in adaptation course.
4017:
2899:
788:
The user can independently choose a formula to enhance the sound, as well as adjust the level of the desired amplification to their wishes.
4653:; Medical Devices: Applications for Exemption from Federal Preemption of State and Local hearing Aid Requirements, Docket No. 78P-0222, 45
3209:
2771:
2746:
4678:
4432:
4384:
3463:
315:
3874:
2721:
3494:
798:
it is possible to achieve the highest sound pressure level and get high sound quality (due to large speakers and a long battery life);
3017:
2111:
2084:
2051:
2013:
1980:
164:
to make sounds more audible. The most common form of hearing loss for which hearing aids are sought is sensorineural, resulting from
4880:
3275:
3107:
2334:
1395:
Speech recognition. They can distinguish the speech signal from the overall spectrum of sounds, which facilitates speech perception.
919:
inside the phone's speaker is picked up by the hearing aid's "telecoil" or "T-coil", a special loop of wire inside the hearing aid.
1879:
1178:
936:
1912:
They are typically loaded into the hearing aid via a rotating battery door, with the flat side (case) as the positive terminal (
4156:
2682:
3904:
3769:
3739:
3664:
3381:
3158:
4258:
3808:
3311:
2715:
2658:
2633:
2489:
1785:
1453:
1418:
Stereo headsets with two speakers can be used, which allows separate binaural hearing correction for the left and right ear.
944:
85:
4264:
4225:
1669:(in Quebec) can prescribe hearing aids. Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids are currently not available for sale in Canada.
638:
were popular), people who wore both glasses and hearing aids frequently chose a type of hearing aid that was built into the
279:
102:
Modern devices are computerised electroacoustic systems that transform environmental sound to make it audible, according to
4835:
4646:
Exemption from Preemption of State and Local Hearing Aid Requirements; Applications for Exemption, Docket No. 77N-0333, 45
2121:
5A, 5AE, 5HPX, 5SA, AC5, AC5E, AP5, B7PA, CP63, CP521, L5ZA, ME5Z, P5, PR5H, PR-5PA, PR521, R5ZA, S5A, V5AT, VT5, XL5, ZA5
1181:'s TIA-1083 standard, specifies how analog handsets can interact with telecoil devices, to ensure the optimal performance.
121:
and is programmed by frequency. This process called "fitting" can be performed by the user in simple cases, by a Doctor of
4901:
1374:"Self-learning" and adaptive adjustment. They can implement adaptive selection of amplification parameters and processing.
4621:
Missouri Board of Examiners for Hearing Instrument Specialists v. Hearing Help Express, Inc., 447 3d 1033 (8th Cir. 2006)
2881:(Computer science meets automation Ilmenau 10.) Vol. 2 Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau Universitätsbibliothek 2007, pp. 221–226
1769:
1510:
Hearing aids do not provide immediate improvement. The adjustment period can last from several hours to several months.
4970:"Questions and Answers about Deafness and Hearing Impairments in the Workplace and the Americans with Disabilities Act"
4605:
4043:"Fitting Tips: Essentials of Hearing Aid Selection, Part 1: Cosmetics Are Not Just What Meets the Ear – Hearing Review"
2985:
2868:
466:
system, resulting in a 3D model of the outer ear. During modeling, the venting tube is inserted. The digitally modeled
114:
includes feedback management, wide dynamic range compression, directionality, frequency lowering, and noise reduction.
5053:
4351:
3953:
1377:
Effective acoustic feedback reduction. The acoustic whistling common to all hearing aids can be adaptively controlled.
4969:
3179:
1197:
893:). Hearing aid users can use a telecoil (T) switch to hear announcements directly through their hearing aid receiver.
585:
4581:
592:
to the external abutment of the titanium implant. The implant vibrates the skull and inner ear, which stimulate the
5023:
4516:
1716:
1693:
Irish taxpayers can also claim tax relief at the standard rate as hearing aids are recognised as a medical device.
1164:
Telecoils or T-coils (from "Telephone Coils") are small devices installed in hearing aids or cochlear implants. An
1088:
769:
As a rule, HAAs have two operation modes: setup mode and hearing aid mode. Setup mode involves the user passing an
4131:
4101:
1389:
Improved connection to other devices. Connection to other devices such as smartphones and televisions is possible.
706:
by allowing for amplification of the sound coming from the front, the direction in which the user is looking, and
3009:
2563:
2450:
1862:
1756:
267:
193:
alternative approach is self-report assessment, where the patient reports their experience with the hearing aid.
1185:
monitors, older fluorescent lighting, some dimmer switches, many household electrical appliances and airplanes.
4748:"Public Inspection: Medical Devices: Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices; Establishing Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids"
3951:
3328:
3685:
5218:
2945:
2241:
1934:
draw of the hearing aid device. Typical battery lifetimes run between 1 and 14 days (assuming 16-hour days).
812:
the possibility to implement more convenient application control functions for people with poor motor skills;
774:
2965:
572:, the BAHA uses the skull to conduct the sound from the deaf side to the side with the functioning cochlea.
5228:
4795:
4755:
4711:
3847:
3041:"The extended-wear hearing device: Observations on patient experiences and its integration into a practice"
2149:
1841:
1712:
1392:
Noise reduction. They can reduce the background noise level to increase user comfort in noisy environments.
806:
634:
During the late 1950s through 1970s, before in-the-ear aids became common (and in an era when thick-rimmed
17:
3930:
1991:
PR675P, PR-675PA, PZ675, PZA675, R675ZA, S675A, V675, V675A, V675AT, VT675, XL675, Z675PX, ZA675, ZA675HP
327:
188:
There are several ways of evaluating how well a hearing aid compensates for hearing loss. One approach is
3197:
2138:
1744:
1708:
627:
4708:"FDA Finalizes Historic Rule Enabling Access to Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids for Millions of Americans"
3952:
Soha A. Nossier, Julie Wall1, Mansour Moniri, Cornelius Glackin, Nigel Cannings (18–22 September 2022).
1833:
provides digital BTE hearing aids to NHS patients, on long-term loan, free of charge. Other than BAHAs (
1465:
frequencies that the user hears worse, thus restoring natural hearing perception of the sound of music.
889:
A sign in a train station explains that the public announcement system uses a "Hearing Induction Loop" (
5247:
4184:
2216:
1207:
1115:
821:
the large distance between the microphone and the speaker prevents the occurrence of acoustic feedback;
146:
4860:
2986:"Semi-Automatic Manufacturing of Customized Hearing Aids Using a Feature Driven Rule-based Framework"
2921:
2174:
1834:
1680:
Like much of the Irish health care system, hearing aid provision is a mixture of public and private.
874:
536:
530:
496:
130:
111:
4475:
Popelka, GR., Moore, BJC, Popper, AN, and Fay, RR: 2016, Hearing Aids, Springer Science, LLC, NY, NY
3129:
3981:
3878:
3592:
Ricketts T, Henry P (March 2002). "Evaluation of an adaptive, directional-microphone hearing aid".
3403:
2812:
1626:
1589:, and the development of computer technology helped transform the hearing aid to its present form.
1586:
1383:
Extended frequency range. A larger range of frequencies can be implemented with frequency shifting.
1335:
303:
217:
Current research is also pointing towards hearing aids and proper amplification as a treatment for
4294:
3168:, Publish Date: 1 March 2007, Related Company Website: www, varibel.nl. Accessed 10 February 2008.
2190:
2185:
2154:
1830:
1781:
1776:, the price of hearing aids is partially reimbursed through the Assistive Devices Program of the
1699:
Hearing aid providers in Ireland mostly belong to the Irish Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists.
1547:
851:
750:. The processed audio signal is transformed into an audio signal and output to the user into the
569:
561:
154:
150:
5077:"MarkeTrak VIII: The efficacy of hearing aids in achieving compensation equity in the workplace"
2891:
2767:
2740:
2075:
2046:
291:
4670:
4425:
4377:
1815:
1571:
1380:
Effective use of directional microphones. Directional microphones can be adaptively controlled.
84:
in most countries, and regulated by the respective regulations. Small audio amplifiers such as
5000:
3637:"Speech perception in noise: directional microphones versus frequency modulation (FM) systems"
3455:
1743:
Several industrialized countries supply free or heavily discounted hearing aids through their
1687:
It is estimated that the total cost to the state of supplying one hearing aid exceeds €2,000.
873:
allowed further improvement of the capabilities of wearable aids, including implementation of
229:
There are many types of hearing aids (also known as hearing instruments), which vary in size,
5289:
2705:
2200:
1468:
Just as in hearing aid applications, the player adjustment is based on the user's audiogram.
1133:
720:
703:
463:
442:
aid had to be replaced frequently as the child grew. However, there are new ITEs made from a
360:
3486:
3210:"Mobile Medical Applications. Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff"
2675:"Tinnitus And Hearing Aids - Optimal Hearing Systems, The Hearing Aid Company - Since 1961"
2251:
2221:
2095:
PR-10PA, PR-230PA, PZA230, R10ZA, S10A, V10, VT10, V10AT, V10HP, V230AT, W10ZA, XL10, ZA10
1902:
1301:
1165:
1159:
1030:
998:
low delay in audio processing (from 6,3 to 15,7 ms – depending on the mobile device model);
890:
778:
770:
727:. The hearing aid is built into the speaker of the stethoscope, which amplifies the sound.
707:
414:
211:
3329:"Science is revealing how internal volume controls can influence our sensitivity to sound"
3074:
210:
The most reliable method for assessing the correct adjustment of a hearing aid is through
8:
5240:
4876:
3255:
3099:
2403:"Impact of Hearing Aid Technology on Outcomes in Daily Life I: the Patients' Perspective"
2338:
2291:
Bentler RA, Duve MR (December 2000). "Comparison of hearing aids over the 20th century".
1556:
824:
the set up of HAAs in simple cases does not require special equipment and qualifications;
759:
5299:
5192:
5167:
5149:
5124:
5098:
4333:
3826:
3814:
3617:
3539:
2606:
2544:
2427:
2402:
2383:
2316:
2206:
1883:
1644:
1402:
1347:
1322:
1223:
870:
603:
A BAHA can be connected to an FM system by attaching a miniaturized FM receiver to it.
543:
459:
5093:
5076:
3790:
3534:
3517:
3378:"New TIA Standard Will Improve Hearing Aid Compatibility with Digital Cordless Phones"
2378:
2361:
1015:
is a medical device (exposed to the relevant procedures of testing and certification);
478:. Finally, the aid is assembled and shipped to the audiologist after a quality check.
5273:
5197:
5154:
4254:
3804:
3656:
3609:
3574:
3543:
3307:
3267:
2711:
2654:
2629:
2610:
2536:
2531:
2514:
2495:
2485:
2432:
2308:
2304:
1975:
1578:
885:
857:
802:
475:
471:
402:
388:
A modern behind the ear hearing aid. The audio tube to the speaker is barely visible.
348:
343:
Body worn aids were the first portable electronic hearing aids, and were invented by
5102:
4337:
4153:
3253:
2674:
2548:
2387:
2320:
180:
is generally now well-controlled through the use of feedback management algorithms.
5294:
5187:
5179:
5144:
5136:
5088:
4654:
4647:
4631:
4325:
4316:
Mills, Mara (2011). "Hearing Aids and the History of Electronics Miniaturization".
3900:
3818:
3796:
3761:
3731:
3648:
3621:
3601:
3566:
3529:
2598:
2526:
2422:
2414:
2373:
2300:
2180:
2169:
2144:
1534:
The goal of the course is to help a user adapt to using a hearing aid application.
1211:
1056:
647:
639:
517:
511:
373:
173:
134:
126:
125:, also called an audiologist (AuD), or by a Hearing Instrument Specialist (HIS) or
88:(PSAPs) or other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as "hearing aids".
5234:
4609:
3706:"Public Law 100-394, [47 USC 610] – Hearing Aid Compatibility Act of 1988"
3636:
2589:
Humes L, Humes L (April 2004). "Factors Affecting Long-Term Hearing Aid Success".
1196:
In the United States, the Hearing Aid Compatibility Act of 1988 requires that the
221:, a medical condition which manifests itself as a ringing or buzzing in the ears.
176:, loudness recruitment, and understanding speech in noise. Once a common problem,
5261:
5183:
5140:
5123:
Chen CH, Huang CY, Cheng HL, Lin HH, Chu YC, Chang CY, et al. (April 2022).
4909:
4864:
4358:
4248:
4160:
3692:
3364:
3165:
2992:
2972:
2952:
2928:
2875:
2418:
1906:
1255:
another device, like an FM system or a cellphone or even a digital audio player.
1238:
1215:
1143:
1042:
755:
546:
430:
344:
165:
76:
is a device designed to improve hearing by making sound audible to a person with
5215:
3010:"Invisible Hearing Aids or IIC hearing aids are convenient. Will they suit you?"
2843:"Problems with hearing aids: Ask our audiologist – Action On Hearing Loss: RNID"
2134:
Audiology and hearing health professionals in developed and developing countries
1488:
The process of adjusting to hearing prostheses consists of the following steps:
2226:
1931:
1819:
1672:
Canadian taxpayers can claim tax relief for hearing aids as a medical expense.
1366:
According to research DHAs have a number of significant advantages compared to
1263:
782:
663:
experiences continual infections in the ear. Spectacle aids come in two forms,
565:
434:
418:
230:
177:
81:
5241:
Deafness in Disguise: Concealed Hearing Devices of the 19th and 20th Centuries
3955:
Convolutional Recurrent Smart Speech Enhancement Architecture for Hearing Aids
3686:
TIA-1083: A NEW STANDARD TO IMPROVE CORDLESS PHONE USE FOR HEARING AID WEARERS
3605:
2869:
Shortest Path Search with Constraints on Surface Models of In-ear Hearing Aids
2628:(6th ed.). Baltimore MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 858.
2623:
2362:"MarkeTrak VIII: Consumer satisfaction with hearing aids is slowly increasing"
1574:. By the late 20th century, digital hearing aids were commercially available.
992:
high sampling frequency (44.1 kHz) providing for excellent sound quality;
947:(ANSI) has a ratings scale for compatibility between hearing aids and phones:
5283:
4818:
4778:
4734:
3518:"Acceptance of the wireless microphone as a hearing aid accessory for adults"
3271:
2499:
2246:
1899:
1651:
1367:
1111:
1001:
No loss of settings when switching from one gadget to another and back again;
739:
607:
584:
exposed outside the skin. The BAHA sound processor sits on this abutment and
421:. BTEs are commonly worn by children who need a durable type of hearing aid.
392:
384:
368:
3380:. U.S. Telecommunications Industry Association. 5 April 2007. Archived from
5201:
5158:
5045:
4657:
4650:
3660:
3613:
3256:"Hearing correction system based on mobile computing platform (in Russian)"
2540:
2436:
2312:
2256:
2159:
1867:
1582:
1330:
1227:
747:
160:
Hearing aids are incapable of truly correcting a hearing loss; they are an
77:
4977:
4634:
3578:
3570:
3183:
2602:
834:
HAAs also have some disadvantages (compared to traditional hearing aids):
4329:
3800:
1564:
1425:. The whole adjustment process is automated so that the user can perform
1177:
transduces (converts) it to electrical energy. In the United States, the
861:
724:
593:
553:
455:
364:
99:
cones designed to gather sound energy and direct it into the ear canal.
92:
4947:
4671:"H.R.2430 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017"
3652:
2653:(2nd ed.). Clifton Park NY: Thompson Delmar Learning. p. 167.
2482:
Cochlear hearing loss: physiological, psychological and technical issues
977:
complete invisibility (smartphone is not associated with a hearing aid);
4127:
2164:
2008:
1426:
1407:
1277:
1273:
1019:
925:
866:
751:
635:
589:
549:
540:
189:
103:
41:
3456:"Hearing aids, information on hearing loss and tinnitus | Oticon"
3198:
http://varibel.nl/site/Files/default.asp?iChannel=4&nChannel=Files
1029:
Functionality of hearing aid applications may involve a hearing test (
980:
ease of use (no need to use additional devices, batteries and so on.);
909:
from the phone's speaker is picked up by the hearing aid's microphone.
622:
62:
2211:
1422:
1353:
1290:
1219:
1104:
1079:
928:
in the phone's speaker as it pushes the speaker cone back and forth.
791:
HAAs have several advantages (compared to traditional hearing aids):
568:
and middle ear, stimulating the functioning cochlea. For people with
557:
406:
356:
234:
122:
118:
107:
96:
5225:
Hearing Aids and Personal Sound Amplification Products: What to Know
3793:
2016 IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS)
2997:
Proceedings of the Vision, Modeling, and Visualization Workshop 2009
2770:. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
2451:"The Best Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids and Other Hearing Solutions"
1403:
Difference between digital hearing aids and hearing aid applications
438:
429:
In the ear aids (ITE) devices fit in the outer ear bowl (called the
3515:
3254:
E.S. Azarov; M.I. Vashkevich; S.V. Kozlova; A.A. Petrovsky (2014).
2236:
1823:
1552:
1448:
1170:
1119:
651:
581:
577:
443:
218:
5268:
4832:"Understanding the Australian Government Hearing Services Program"
3306:(in Russian). Translated by T, Gvelesiani. Rostov-on-Don: Feniks.
626:
1940s adult and child combined hearing aid glasses, on display at
4817:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4777:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4733:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2231:
2195:
1913:
1773:
983:
Fast switching between the external headset and phone microphone;
827:
the user does not need to purchase and carry any separate device;
606:
Two main brands manufacture BAHAs today – the original inventors
352:
877:
techniques and programmability for the individual user's needs.
4411:
A block diagram compiler. Bell System Tech J (40):669–676, 1961
3177:
The manufacturer's website is published in Dutch and French at
1736:
1094:
1075:
611:
3159:
Netherlands: Dutch Unveil 'Varibel' – The Eyeglasses That Hear
1731:
955:
icrophone) mode, the ratings are from M1 (worst) to M4 (best).
580:"post" can be surgically embedded into the skull with a small
4792:"Regulatory Requirements for Hearing Aids and PSAPs Guidance"
4408:
2564:"Self-Report Assessment of Hearing Aid Outcome – An Overview"
1917:
1890:
from 65%–77% for those with severe to moderate hearing loss.
1696:
Hearing aids in the Republic of Ireland are exempt from VAT.
1107:
for wireless cell phone communication have become available.
145:
Hearing aids are used for a variety of pathologies including
4102:"Hearing Review Three-Year Index 2003–2005 – Hearing Review"
2966:
The "Occlusion Effect" – What it is, and What to Do About it
974:
acoustic gain is up to 30 dB (with a standard headset);
962:
elecoil) mode, the ratings are from T1 (worst) to T4 (best).
196:
Hearing aid outcome can be represented by three dimensions:
4856:
2115:
2088:
2055:
2017:
1984:
1924:
396:
A modern behind the ear hearing aid with a minicell battery
4067:
1643:
Hearing aids are Class II regulated medical devices under
693:
choice, they may not always be the most practical option.
5166:
Mamo SK, Reed NS, Nieman CL, Oh ES, Lin FR (March 2016).
4580:. Ireland Department of Social Protection. Archived from
3516:
Dave Fabry; Hans Mülder; Evert Dijkstra (November 2007).
2079:
2042:
1485:
hearing aid user certainly needs time to get used to it.
1038:
684:
or where it is impractical to fit standard hearing aids.
5168:"Personal Sound Amplifiers for Adults with Hearing Loss"
3634:
2999:(Braunschweig, Germany 16–18 November 2009), pp. 305–312
1459:
1280:
is a type of device that may be used to facilitate DAI.
1004:
No need to get used to it, when changing mobile devices;
4286:
4154:"Getting an Earful: Testing A Tiny, Pricey Hearing Aid"
3635:
Lewis MS, Crandell CC, Valente M, Horn JE (June 2004).
3320:
2710:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 72–.
2515:"Guidelines for choosing a self-report outcome measure"
1814:
From 2000 to 2005 the Department of Health worked with
355:, attached by a wire. The case contains the electronic
172:
Common issues with hearing aid fitting and use are the
3038:
2879:
52. IWK, Internationales Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium
841:
they are more noticeable and less comfortable to wear.
5245:
4423:
3301:
1597:
The history of DHA can be divided into three stages.
1210:
wireless telephones compatible with hearing aids and
830:
various types of headphones and headsets can be used.
2703:
1045:
can assist in locating a lost/misplaced hearing aid.
367:. The case is typically about the size of a pack of
4948:"Hearing loss in adults: assessment and management"
4922:"Hearing aid charging opposed in feedback exercise"
3998:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2484:(2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
462:) of the ear. The mold is scanned by a specialized
363:, while the earmold typically contains a miniature
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
3130:"Why Don't They Made Hearing Aids Glasses Anymore"
1768:In Canada, health care is a responsibility of the
1354:Difference between digital and analog hearing aids
795:HAAs do not cause any psychological inconvenience;
481:
5122:
4378:"LEVITT: Digital Hearing Aids: A Tutorial Review"
1916:) and the rounded side as the negative terminal (
1850:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
1118:that transmit the sound directly from the stage;
860:of the telephone and was introduced in 1896. The
5281:
5165:
3039:Sanford MJ, Anderson T, Sanford C (March 2014).
2898:. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
2786:
2479:
1524:control of the amount of time spent on learning;
1449:Difference between PSAP and digital hearing aids
880:
4693:
4004:
3100:"Concealed Hearing Devices of the 20th Century"
4601:
4599:
4344:
4309:
4094:
3695:. U.S. Telecommunications Industry Association
1923:These batteries all operate from 1.35 to 1.45
4924:. Health Service Journal. 23 September 2014.
4035:
3591:
3104:Concealed Hearing Devices of the 20th Century
2512:
1025:is designed for use by doctor's prescription;
1007:user-friendly interface of software settings;
815:resistance to ingress of earwax and moisture;
674:
650:or bi-CROS style hearing aids, which are now
490:
4974:U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
4879:. Health Service Journal. 18 December 2003.
4517:"Hearing aid financial assistance in Canada"
4068:Richard Preid Fotorotar AG (8 August 2007).
3986:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3919:
3831:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3641:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
3196:and there is a TV news report in English at
2400:
1191:
940:products will work with their hearing aids.
738:(HAA) are software which, when installed on
687:
237:. Among the different sizes and models are:
183:
4596:
4250:Введение в аудиологию и слухопротезирование
2290:
1760:payment of a small annual maintenance fee.
730:
3990:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2704:Hartmann, William M. (14 September 2004).
2588:
1592:
856:The first electrical hearing aid used the
40:
5191:
5148:
5092:
5046:"Topic 502 – Medical and Dental Expenses"
4857:Social Insurance Administration – Iceland
4630:Final Rule issued in Docket 76N-0019, 42
4546:Agency, Canada Revenue (4 January 2016).
4402:
3533:
2530:
2426:
2377:
1520:The functions of the course may include:
1479:
1126:
801:it is possible to use more complex audio
696:
657:
321:Woman wearing a bone anchored hearing aid
5024:"The Hunt for an Affordable Hearing Aid"
4246:
3845:
2946:ELVAS Sightings – Hearing Aid or Headset
1730:
1711:regulated medical devices under Federal
1551:
1321:
1262:
1237:
884:
621:
556:as a pathway for sound to travel to the
391:
383:
5074:
4424:Graupe D, Grosspietsch JK, Basseas SP.
4409:Kelly LJ Jr; Lochbaum C; Vyssotsky VA.
4318:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
4167:29 January 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
4061:
3559:Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
3556:
3487:"Hearing Aids and Bluetooth Technology"
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
2359:
2262:
1527:control over the sequence of exercises;
1503:not process them correctly right away.
1206:In 2003, the FCC adopted rules to make
1179:Telecommunications Industry Association
937:Telecommunications Industry Association
273:Pair of BTE hearing aids with earmolds.
14:
5282:
5034:from the original on 25 February 2015.
5021:
4998:
4545:
4484:
4438:from the original on 24 September 2015
4350:Howard, Alexander (26 November 1998).
4212:
4210:
4104:. hearingreview.com. 6 December 2005.
3872:
3846:Heidtman, Laurel (28 September 2010).
3466:from the original on 27 September 2016
3396:
3297:
3295:
3293:
2774:from the original on 15 September 2012
2735:
2733:
2731:
2561:
2401:Cox RM, Johnson JA, Xu J (July 2016).
1786:Workplace Safety & Insurance Board
758:. Signal processing is implemented in
376:because of their relatively low cost.
4681:from the original on 22 February 2020
4372:
4370:
4315:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4134:from the original on 25 December 2014
4120:
4108:from the original on 18 February 2015
4049:from the original on 18 February 2015
4045:. hearingreview.com. 2 October 2003.
3968:from the original on 20 November 2022
3907:from the original on 24 December 2021
3667:from the original on 27 November 2022
3491:Hearing Aids and Bluetooth Technology
3410:from the original on 25 December 2014
3358:TIA-1083 Revision A, 17 November 2010
2823:from the original on 12 February 2017
2749:from the original on 13 November 2011
2724:from the original on 3 December 2016.
2651:Comprehensive Dictionary of Audiology
2648:
2513:Bentler RA, Kramer SE (August 2000).
1778:Ministry of Health and Long-Term care
1460:Evolution of hearing aid applications
1454:Personal sound amplification products
1258:
945:American National Standards Institute
742:, transforms them into hearing aids.
654:in sending sound to the better side.
351:. Body aids consist of a case and an
86:personal sound amplification products
5068:
4940:
4883:from the original on 23 October 2014
4352:"Hearing Aids: Smaller and Smarter."
4005:Janet McCaffrey (21 December 2009).
3961:. Interspeech 2022. Incheon, Korea.
3497:from the original on 9 November 2014
3326:
3238:
3226:from the original on 23 January 2019
3110:from the original on 23 January 2015
3055:from the original on 5 December 2014
2922:The Hearing Aid as Fashion Statement
2920:Eisenberg, Anne (24 September 2005)
2570:from the original on 29 January 2015
2461:from the original on 14 January 2023
1866:hearing aid. Though if an adult has
1822:and Ultravox Group, a subsidiary of
1585:, digital signal processing chip or
1530:daily reminders to do the exercises.
1339:including those produced currently.
1326:Block diagram of digital hearing aid
719:These hearing aids are designed for
596:of the inner ear, allowing hearing.
4928:from the original on 9 October 2014
4802:from the original on 16 August 2022
4762:from the original on 16 August 2022
4718:from the original on 16 August 2022
4417:
4240:
4207:
3422:
3339:from the original on 17 August 2022
3290:
3020:from the original on 17 August 2022
2902:from the original on 17 August 2022
2728:
2038:
2004:
1971:
1037:Apps such as Oticon ON for certain
958:When operating in electromagnetic (
777:. HAAs also incorporate background
646:This can also be achieved by using
505:
249:Vacuum tube hearing aid, circa 1944
24:
5116:
5022:Romano, Tricia (22 October 2012).
5011:from the original on 15 June 2013.
4902:NHS hearing aid service fact sheet
4558:from the original on 21 March 2023
4527:from the original on 21 March 2023
4497:from the original on 21 March 2023
4390:from the original on 19 March 2015
4367:
4267:from the original on 3 August 2020
4247:Королева, Инна Васильевна (2012).
4170:
3873:Levitt, Harry (26 December 2007).
3594:International Journal of Audiology
3278:from the original on 29 March 2019
3140:from the original on 1 August 2020
3106:. Bernard Becker Medical Library.
2353:
1856:
986:free distribution of applications.
285:Receiver-in-the-canal hearing aids
25:
5311:
5209:
5094:10.1097/01.HJ.0000389923.80044.e6
3929:. radugazvukov.ru. Archived from
3877:. The ASHA Leader. Archived from
3848:"Analog Vs. Digital Hearing Aids"
3772:from the original on 3 March 2016
3742:from the original on 3 March 2016
3712:from the original on 26 July 2010
3535:10.1097/01.hj.0000299170.11367.24
2849:from the original on 17 June 2016
2562:Taylor, Brian (22 October 2007).
2379:10.1097/01.HJ.0000366912.40173.76
1905:. (Older hearing aids often used
1809:
1656:Medical Devices Directorate (MDD)
1472:sound without pausing the music.
1198:Federal Communications Commission
564:, the BAHA bypasses the external
379:
261:Transistor body-worn hearing aid.
80:. Hearing aids are classified as
5267:
5255:
5172:The American Journal of Medicine
5075:Kochkin, Sergei (October 2010).
5056:from the original on 3 July 2017
4999:Mahany, Barbara (9 March 2011).
4812:
4772:
4728:
4297:from the original on 15 May 2018
4287:"Free apps help better hearing!"
4218:"Адаптация к слуховому аппарату"
4195:from the original on 28 May 2019
4185:"Адаптация к слуховому аппарату"
3927:"Как работают слуховые аппараты"
3484:
3302:A. Vonlanthen; H. Arndt (2009).
3079:collections.thackraymuseum.co.uk
2745:, National Institute of Health,
2685:from the original on 6 July 2020
2532:10.1097/00003446-200008001-00006
2305:10.1097/00003446-200012000-00009
1717:Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act
1702:
1492:Initial adjustment of the device
1267:A DAI plug on the end of a cable
1242:A hearing aid with an audio boot
1087:
1068:
617:
524:
326:
314:
302:
290:
278:
266:
254:
242:
5038:
5015:
4992:
4962:
4914:
4895:
4869:
4850:
4824:
4784:
4740:
4663:
4640:
4624:
4615:
4570:
4539:
4509:
4485:Canada, Health (29 July 2016).
4478:
4469:
4459:
4450:
4279:
4146:
4070:"24_P54090_Pho_Kapitel_06bis07"
3945:
3893:
3866:
3854:from the original on 3 May 2012
3839:
3784:
3754:
3724:
3698:
3679:
3628:
3585:
3550:
3509:
3478:
3448:
3436:from the original on 2 May 2013
3370:
3351:
3202:
3171:
3152:
3122:
3092:
3067:
3032:
3002:
2978:
2958:
2938:
2914:
2884:
2867:Sickel, K. (13 September 2007)
2861:
2835:
2760:
2697:
2667:
2642:
2617:
2269:
1757:Department of Health and Ageing
1293:for sound source localization.
1230:phones used analog technology.
809:(because of capacious battery);
482:Invisible-in-canal hearing aids
3075:"128.030 | Collections Online"
2626:Handbook of Clinical Audiology
2582:
2555:
2506:
2473:
2443:
2394:
2327:
2284:
1882:medical expense for those who
1878:The cost of hearing aids is a
740:mobile computational platforms
714:
610:, and the hearing aid company
13:
1:
5219:National Institutes of Health
4548:"Details of medical expenses"
3430:"Mobile Medical Applications"
3406:. gluxix.net. 13 March 2014.
2707:Signals, Sound, and Sensation
2242:Speech and language pathology
1948:Dimensions (Diameter×Height)
1633:
1283:
1233:
989:High duration of the battery;
881:Compatibility with telephones
845:
458:takes a physical impression (
424:
5237:, World Health Organization.
5229:Food and Drug Administration
5184:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.09.014
5141:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101378
4796:Food and Drug Administration
4756:Food and Drug Administration
4712:Food and Drug Administration
4224:(in Russian). Archived from
4222:www.xn----ttbbfjpems.xn—p1ai
3901:"HIMPP History | HIMPP"
3217:Food and Drug Administration
2944:Dybala, Paul (6 March 2006)
2419:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000277
2150:Auditory processing disorder
1893:
1842:Clinical Commissioning Group
1750:
1713:Food and Drug Administration
1563:The first hearing aids were
951:When operating in acoustic (
338:
7:
2892:"Hearing Aids for Children"
2480:J. Moore; Brian C. (2007).
2139:Auditory brainstem response
2127:
1763:
1745:publicly funded health care
1645:Canada's Food and Drugs Act
1498:Adaptation to the new sound
1153:
1116:assistive listening systems
1049:
628:Thackray Museum of Medicine
95:or ear horns, were passive
10:
5316:
4904:Accessed 26 November 2007
4859:Accessed 30 November 2007
2964:Ross, Mark (January 2004)
2845:. Action On Hearing Loss.
2813:"Hearing Aid Buying Guide"
2360:Kochkin S (January 2010).
2217:Noise induced hearing loss
1967:11.6 mm × 5.4 mm
1791:
1707:Ordinary hearing aids are
1675:
1545:
1541:
1317:
1157:
1078:hearing aids for use with
849:
723:with hearing loss who use
675:Bone conduction spectacles
665:bone conduction spectacles
528:
509:
494:
491:Extended wear hearing aids
147:sensorineural hearing loss
4431:. rehab.research.va.gov.
4383:. rehab.research.va.gov.
4159:16 September 2017 at the
3606:10.3109/14992020209090400
2984:Sickel, K. et al. (2009)
2896:Hearing Aids for Children
2175:Bone anchored hearing aid
2105:5.8 mm × 2.1 mm
2072:5.8 mm × 3.6 mm
2034:7.9 mm × 3.6 mm
2001:7.9 mm × 5.4 mm
1939:Hearing Aid Battery Types
1835:bone anchored hearing aid
1638:
1296:
1192:Legislation affecting use
875:digital signal processing
688:Air conduction spectacles
682:conductive hearing losses
669:air conduction spectacles
537:bone anchored hearing aid
531:Bone anchored hearing aid
497:Extended wear hearing aid
359:components, controls and
184:Candidacy and acquisition
131:bone-anchored hearing aid
59:
51:
39:
34:
5050:Internal Revenue Service
4863:16 February 2008 at the
4357:28 December 2016 at the
4165:The Wall Street Journal,
4130:(in Russian). samag.ru.
2971:15 February 2016 at the
1800:
805:algorithms and a higher
736:Hearing aid applications
731:Hearing aid applications
309:In-the-canal hearing aid
224:
203:aided speech recognition
166:damage to the hair cells
46:In-the-canal hearing aid
4798:(FDA). 12 August 2022.
4758:(FDA). 16 August 2022.
4714:(FDA). 16 August 2022.
3014:EarGuru Ear Health Blog
2191:Dichotic listening test
2186:Computational audiology
2155:Auditory verbal agnosia
1782:Veterans Affairs Canada
1726:
1605:Almost ten years later
1593:History of digital aids
1548:History of hearing aids
852:History of hearing aids
746:and type of the user's
570:unilateral hearing loss
562:conductive hearing loss
407:external auditory canal
333:Hearing aid application
151:conductive hearing loss
140:
91:Early devices, such as
4908:2 October 2010 at the
3875:"Digital Hearing Aids"
2975:, hearingresearch.org.
2955:. AudiologyOnline.com.
2951:16 August 2012 at the
2927:6 January 2016 at the
1816:Action on Hearing Loss
1740:
1572:Miller Reese Hutchison
1560:
1480:Hearing aid adaptation
1327:
1268:
1243:
1127:Directional microphone
1114:are now equipped with
935:On 21 March 2007, the
894:
697:Directional spectacles
658:Spectacle hearing aids
631:
397:
389:
297:In-the-ear hearing aid
27:Electroacoustic device
5087:(10): 19–24, 26, 28.
4007:"HJ0905 Kochkin copy"
3766:www.nchearingloss.org
3736:www.nchearingloss.org
3691:25 April 2012 at the
3571:10.1044/jshd.4904.409
3164:15 April 2012 at the
2603:10.1055/s-2004-823048
2222:Otoacoustic emissions
2201:Electronystagmography
2062:W312ZA, XL312, ZA312
1772:. In the province of
1734:
1577:The invention of the
1555:
1325:
1272:T-coil with standard
1266:
1241:
1134:signal-to-noise ratio
995:high wearing comfort;
888:
818:software flexibility;
721:medical practitioners
704:signal-to-noise ratio
625:
395:
387:
155:single-sided deafness
4950:. NICE. 21 June 2018
4330:10.1109/MAHC.2011.43
4291:PETRALEX Hearing Aid
4253:(in Russian). КАРО.
3801:10.1109/SiPS.2016.37
3795:. pp. 165–170.
2991:4 March 2016 at the
2681:. 30 December 2016.
2649:Stach, Brad (2003).
2525:(4 Suppl): 37S–49S.
2263:Notes and references
2252:Spatial hearing loss
1886:medical deductions.
1863:healthcare providers
1166:audio induction loop
1160:Audio induction loop
913:Electromagnetically:
891:audio induction loop
708:active noise control
212:real ear measurement
206:benefit/satisfaction
5081:The Hearing Journal
4838:on 9 September 2007
4637:(15 February 1977).
4487:"Medical batteries"
4082:on 18 February 2015
4014:The Hearing Journal
3933:on 25 December 2014
3653:10.3766/jaaa.15.6.4
3522:The Hearing Journal
3493:. Healthy Hearing.
3363:16 May 2012 at the
3186:on 22 February 2008
2874:5 July 2017 at the
2591:Seminars in Hearing
2566:. AudiologyOnline.
2366:The Hearing Journal
1941:
1829:Within the UK, the
871:integrated circuits
470:is printed using a
5030:. New York Times.
4677:. 18 August 2017.
4660:(10 October 1980).
3850:. LiveStrong.com.
3384:on 6 December 2010
3134:www.hearreview.com
2742:Hearing Aid Basics
2455:The New York Times
2335:"Ear Horn Q&A"
2207:Hearing impairment
1937:
1903:zinc–air batteries
1741:
1735:Hearing aid shop,
1561:
1348:speech enhancement
1328:
1269:
1259:Direct audio input
1244:
1110:Many theatres and
1097:wireless FM system
1031:in situ audiometry
1018:is adjusted using
895:
775:hearing thresholds
771:in situ-audiometry
632:
560:. For people with
474:technique such as
398:
390:
127:audioprosthologist
5235:World Hearing Day
5129:eClinicalMedicine
4521:Hearing Directory
4260:978-5-9925-0737-9
3810:978-1-5090-3361-4
3762:"Boot Definition"
3732:"Boot Definition"
3460:www.oticon.global
3327:Mestayer, Kathi.
3313:978-5-222-15490-8
2819:. February 2017.
2717:978-1-56396-283-7
2660:978-1-4018-4826-2
2635:978-0-7817-8106-0
2491:978-0-470-51633-1
2125:
2124:
1976:Cochlear implants
1945:Type/ Color Code
1848:In June 2018 the
1667:audioprothésistes
1579:carbon microphone
1291:signal algorithms
1212:cochlear implants
858:carbon microphone
803:signal processing
783:acoustic feedback
779:noise suppression
476:stereolithography
472:rapid prototyping
349:Bell Laboratories
347:while working at
200:hearing aid usage
112:signal processing
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
5307:
5272:
5271:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5205:
5195:
5162:
5152:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5019:
5013:
5012:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4976:. Archived from
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4912:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4877:"Loud and clear"
4873:
4867:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4834:. Archived from
4828:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4752:Federal Register
4744:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4704:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4675:www.congress.gov
4667:
4661:
4644:
4638:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4603:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4430:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4365:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4181:
4168:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4075:. Archived from
4074:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4016:. Archived from
4011:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3960:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3830:
3822:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3702:
3696:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3374:
3368:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3251:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3214:
3206:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3182:. Archived from
3175:
3169:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2982:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2942:
2936:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2817:Consumer Reports
2809:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2737:
2726:
2725:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2534:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2337:. Archived from
2331:
2325:
2324:
2288:
2276:
2273:
2181:Cochlear implant
2170:Balance disorder
2145:Auditory agnosia
1942:
1936:
1607:the second stage
1559:with ear trumpet
1557:Madame de Meuron
1495:Fine adjustments
1304:audio may have:
1091:
1082:wireless devices
1072:
1057:background noise
518:CROS hearing aid
512:CROS hearing aid
506:CROS hearing aid
374:emerging markets
330:
318:
306:
294:
282:
270:
258:
246:
174:occlusion effect
135:cochlear implant
63:edit on Wikidata
44:
32:
31:
21:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5212:
5119:
5117:Further reading
5113:
5111:
5110:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5020:
5016:
5005:Chicago Tribune
5001:"Now Hear This"
4997:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4980:on 4 March 2016
4968:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4910:Wayback Machine
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4865:Wayback Machine
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4813:
4805:
4803:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4773:
4765:
4763:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4729:
4721:
4719:
4706:
4705:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4645:
4641:
4629:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4604:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4528:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4422:
4418:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4368:
4359:Wayback Machine
4349:
4345:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4198:
4196:
4183:
4182:
4171:
4161:Wayback Machine
4152:Beck, Melinda,
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4023:on 4 March 2016
4020:
4009:
4003:
3999:
3982:cite conference
3979:
3978:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3881:on 17 July 2012
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3840:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3693:Wayback Machine
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3633:
3629:
3590:
3586:
3555:
3551:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3365:Wayback Machine
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3300:
3291:
3281:
3279:
3252:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:Wayback Machine
3157:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3016:. 5 July 2018.
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:Wayback Machine
2983:
2979:
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2959:
2953:Wayback Machine
2943:
2939:
2929:Wayback Machine
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2876:Wayback Machine
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2738:
2729:
2718:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2679:Optimal Hearing
2673:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2622:
2618:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2556:
2519:Ear and Hearing
2511:
2507:
2492:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2407:Ear and Hearing
2399:
2395:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2341:on 24 July 2008
2333:
2332:
2328:
2293:Ear and Hearing
2289:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2130:
1954:Standard Names
1907:mercury battery
1896:
1859:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1766:
1755:The Australian
1753:
1729:
1705:
1678:
1641:
1636:
1622:The third stage
1599:The first stage
1595:
1550:
1544:
1482:
1462:
1451:
1405:
1356:
1320:
1299:
1286:
1261:
1236:
1194:
1162:
1156:
1129:
1098:
1092:
1083:
1073:
1052:
1043:Android devices
883:
854:
848:
733:
717:
699:
690:
677:
660:
620:
533:
527:
514:
508:
499:
493:
484:
427:
419:induction loops
382:
345:Harvey Fletcher
341:
334:
331:
322:
319:
310:
307:
298:
295:
286:
283:
274:
271:
262:
259:
250:
247:
227:
186:
143:
82:medical devices
66:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5313:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5277:
5276:
5264:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5222:
5211:
5210:External links
5208:
5207:
5206:
5163:
5118:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5067:
5037:
5014:
4991:
4961:
4939:
4913:
4894:
4868:
4849:
4823:
4783:
4739:
4692:
4662:
4639:
4623:
4614:
4606:21 U.S.C.
4595:
4584:on 2 July 2012
4569:
4538:
4508:
4477:
4468:
4458:
4449:
4416:
4401:
4366:
4362:New York Times
4343:
4308:
4278:
4259:
4239:
4228:on 28 May 2019
4206:
4191:(in Russian).
4169:
4145:
4119:
4093:
4060:
4034:
3997:
3944:
3918:
3892:
3865:
3838:
3809:
3783:
3753:
3723:
3697:
3678:
3647:(6): 426–439.
3627:
3600:(2): 100–112.
3584:
3549:
3508:
3477:
3447:
3421:
3395:
3369:
3350:
3333:Hearing Health
3319:
3312:
3289:
3237:
3201:
3170:
3151:
3121:
3091:
3066:
3045:Hearing Review
3031:
3001:
2977:
2957:
2937:
2913:
2883:
2860:
2834:
2785:
2768:"Hearing Aids"
2759:
2727:
2716:
2696:
2666:
2659:
2641:
2634:
2616:
2581:
2554:
2505:
2490:
2472:
2442:
2413:(4): e224–37.
2393:
2352:
2326:
2299:(6): 625–639.
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Otolaryngology
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1895:
1892:
1880:tax-deductible
1858:
1855:
1820:Alliance Boots
1811:
1810:United Kingdom
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1728:
1725:
1704:
1701:
1677:
1674:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1594:
1591:
1546:Main article:
1543:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1481:
1478:
1461:
1458:
1450:
1447:
1429:on their own.
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1370:hearing aids:
1355:
1352:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1295:
1285:
1282:
1260:
1257:
1235:
1232:
1193:
1190:
1158:Main article:
1155:
1152:
1128:
1125:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1067:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
964:
963:
956:
921:
920:
910:
882:
879:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
832:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
799:
796:
732:
729:
716:
713:
698:
695:
689:
686:
676:
673:
659:
656:
619:
616:
566:auditory canal
529:Main article:
526:
523:
510:Main article:
507:
504:
495:Main article:
492:
489:
483:
480:
426:
423:
381:
380:Behind the ear
378:
340:
337:
336:
335:
332:
325:
323:
320:
313:
311:
308:
301:
299:
296:
289:
287:
284:
277:
275:
272:
265:
263:
260:
253:
251:
248:
241:
226:
223:
208:
207:
204:
201:
185:
182:
142:
139:
68:
67:
60:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5312:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5263:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5178:(3): 245–50.
5177:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5120:
5114:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5071:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5018:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4949:
4943:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4853:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4820:
4819:public domain
4801:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4779:public domain
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4736:
4735:public domain
4717:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4643:
4636:
4633:
4627:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4600:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4557:
4553:
4552:www.canada.ca
4549:
4542:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4496:
4492:
4491:www.canada.ca
4488:
4481:
4472:
4462:
4453:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4405:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4149:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4019:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3964:
3957:
3956:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3828:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3565:(4): 409–18.
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3528:(11): 32–36.
3527:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:Mroz, Mandy.
3481:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2283:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:Speech banana
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1861:Most private
1857:United States
1854:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:United States
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1652:Health Canada
1648:
1646:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:lecture halls
1108:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
971:
967:
961:
957:
954:
950:
949:
948:
946:
941:
938:
933:
929:
927:
918:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:Acoustically:
901:
900:
899:
892:
887:
878:
876:
872:
868:
863:
859:
853:
840:
837:
836:
835:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:sampling rate
804:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
786:
785:suppression.
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
743:
741:
737:
728:
726:
722:
712:
709:
705:
694:
685:
683:
672:
670:
666:
655:
653:
649:
644:
641:
637:
629:
624:
618:Eyeglass aids
615:
613:
609:
604:
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
545:
542:
538:
532:
525:Bone-anchored
522:
519:
513:
503:
498:
488:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
445:
440:
436:
432:
422:
420:
416:
410:
408:
404:
394:
386:
377:
375:
370:
369:playing cards
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
329:
324:
317:
312:
305:
300:
293:
288:
281:
276:
269:
264:
257:
252:
245:
240:
239:
238:
236:
232:
222:
220:
215:
213:
205:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
191:
181:
179:
175:
170:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
104:audiometrical
100:
98:
97:amplification
94:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
64:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5290:Hearing aids
5216:Hearing Aids
5175:
5171:
5132:
5128:
5112:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5049:
5040:
5027:
5017:
5004:
4994:
4982:. Retrieved
4978:the original
4973:
4964:
4952:. Retrieved
4942:
4930:. Retrieved
4916:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4871:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4836:the original
4826:
4804:. Retrieved
4786:
4764:. Retrieved
4751:
4742:
4720:. Retrieved
4683:. Retrieved
4674:
4665:
4642:
4626:
4617:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:the original
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4551:
4541:
4529:. Retrieved
4520:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4490:
4480:
4471:
4461:
4452:
4440:. Retrieved
4419:
4410:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4361:
4346:
4324:(2): 24–45.
4321:
4317:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4290:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4249:
4242:
4230:. Retrieved
4226:the original
4221:
4197:. Retrieved
4188:
4164:
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4077:the original
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4037:
4025:. Retrieved
4018:the original
4013:
4000:
3970:. Retrieved
3954:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3931:the original
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3879:the original
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3841:
3792:
3786:
3774:. Retrieved
3765:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3735:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3700:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3644:
3640:
3630:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3490:
3480:
3470:25 September
3468:. Retrieved
3459:
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3398:
3386:. Retrieved
3382:the original
3372:
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3332:
3322:
3304:Hearing aids
3303:
3280:. Retrieved
3266:(42): 5–24.
3263:
3259:
3228:. Retrieved
3216:
3204:
3188:. Retrieved
3184:the original
3180:"Varibel.nl"
3173:
3154:
3142:. Retrieved
3133:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3103:
3094:
3084:23 September
3082:. Retrieved
3078:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3051:(3): 26–31.
3048:
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
3004:
2996:
2980:
2960:
2940:
2932:
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2878:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2816:
2776:. Retrieved
2762:
2751:, retrieved
2741:
2706:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2678:
2669:
2650:
2644:
2625:
2619:
2597:(1): 63–72.
2594:
2590:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2557:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2481:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2372:(1): 19–20.
2369:
2365:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2329:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2271:
2257:Tympanometry
2160:Audiometrist
2100:
2067:
2029:
1996:
1962:
1951:Common Uses
1938:
1929:
1922:
1911:
1897:
1888:
1877:
1873:
1868:hearing loss
1860:
1847:
1840:In 2014 the
1839:
1828:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1767:
1754:
1742:
1721:
1706:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1649:
1642:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1583:transmitters
1576:
1569:
1565:ear trumpets
1562:
1536:
1533:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1345:
1341:
1329:
1300:
1287:
1270:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1163:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1109:
1101:
1061:
1053:
1041:(Apple) and
1028:
1010:
968:
965:
959:
952:
942:
934:
930:
922:
916:
912:
906:
902:
898:each other:
896:
855:
833:
790:
787:
768:
764:
748:hearing loss
744:
734:
725:stethoscopes
718:
700:
691:
681:
678:
668:
664:
661:
645:
633:
605:
602:
598:
594:nerve fibers
574:
539:(BAHA) is a
534:
515:
500:
485:
467:
453:
449:
447:instrument.
428:
417:systems and
411:
399:
342:
228:
216:
209:
195:
187:
171:
161:
159:
144:
116:
101:
93:ear trumpets
90:
78:hearing loss
73:
71:
29:
18:Hearing aids
5060:26 November
4984:26 November
4612:(a) (2005).
4610:§ 360k
4442:18 February
4394:18 February
4138:18 February
4112:18 February
4086:18 February
4053:18 February
4027:18 February
3972:20 November
3937:18 February
3911:24 December
3440:18 February
3432:. fda.gov.
3414:18 February
3260:Informatics
3144:27 November
2853:28 December
2827:13 February
2778:9 September
1970:High-Power
1957:Misc Names
1900:button cell
1408:Smartphones
1022:procedures.
862:vacuum tube
715:Stethoscope
456:audiologist
365:loudspeaker
74:hearing aid
52:Other names
35:Hearing aid
5284:Categories
5274:Technology
5135:: 101378.
4932:17 October
4887:17 October
4842:4 December
3501:1 December
3388:3 November
3190:9 February
3114:1 December
3059:1 December
2906:1 December
2753:2 December
2465:5 December
2345:6 December
2165:Audiometry
1634:Regulation
1427:audiometry
1284:Processing
1278:audio boot
1274:headphones
1252:audio shoe
1248:audio boot
1234:Audio boot
1020:audiometry
926:voice coil
867:transistor
850:See also:
846:Technology
752:headphones
636:eyeglasses
590:vibrations
550:prosthetic
541:surgically
425:In the ear
190:audiometry
5300:Audiology
4806:16 August
4766:16 August
4722:16 August
4189:r-sluh.ru
3827:cite book
3708:. PRATP.
3671:17 August
3544:168059640
3367:. ihs.com
3343:17 August
3272:1816-0301
2611:260312035
2500:180765972
2212:Listening
2203:(ENG/VNG)
1894:Batteries
1770:provinces
1751:Australia
1739:, Ireland
1627:US Patent
1423:audiogram
1336:US Patent
1220:backlight
1105:Bluetooth
1080:Bluetooth
760:real time
586:transmits
558:inner ear
544:implanted
357:amplifier
339:Body-worn
235:circuitry
123:Audiology
119:audiogram
108:cognitive
5262:Medicine
5202:26498713
5159:35434580
5103:52230904
5054:Archived
5032:Archived
5009:Archived
4926:Archived
4906:Archived
4881:Archived
4861:Archived
4800:Archived
4760:Archived
4716:Archived
4685:16 March
4679:Archived
4562:21 March
4556:Archived
4531:21 March
4525:Archived
4501:21 March
4495:Archived
4433:Archived
4385:Archived
4355:Archived
4338:10946285
4295:Archived
4265:Archived
4193:Archived
4157:Archived
4132:Archived
4106:Archived
4047:Archived
3963:Archived
3905:Archived
3852:Archived
3770:Archived
3740:Archived
3710:Archived
3689:Archived
3665:Archived
3661:15341224
3614:12212855
3495:Archived
3464:Archived
3434:Archived
3408:Archived
3361:Archived
3337:Archived
3282:15 March
3276:Archived
3230:15 March
3221:Archived
3219:. 2015.
3162:Archived
3138:Archived
3108:Archived
3053:Archived
3018:Archived
2989:Archived
2969:Archived
2949:Archived
2933:NY Times
2925:Archived
2900:Archived
2872:Archived
2847:Archived
2821:Archived
2772:Archived
2747:archived
2722:Archived
2683:Archived
2568:Archived
2549:36628081
2541:10981593
2459:Archived
2437:26881981
2388:73880581
2321:46218426
2313:11132788
2237:Otoscope
2128:See also
2118:: 7012ZD
2114:: PR63,
2091:: 7005ZD
2087:: PR70,
2058:: 7002ZD
2054:: PR41,
2020:: 7000ZD
2016:: PR48,
1987:: 7003ZD
1983:: PR44,
1824:Amplifon
1747:system.
1368:analogue
1224:cordless
1171:Slovenia
1154:Telecoil
1144:Adaptive
1120:audience
1050:Wireless
652:wireless
608:Cochlear
582:abutment
578:titanium
547:auditory
444:silicone
435:Feedback
219:tinnitus
178:feedback
55:Deaf aid
5295:Otology
5248:Portals
5193:4755807
5150:9006672
4794:. U.S.
4754:. U.S.
4710:. U.S.
4588:23 July
4578:"Aural"
3885:23 July
3858:23 July
3819:7603815
3622:2035086
3579:6503247
2428:4925253
2232:Otology
2196:Earplug
1914:cathode
1884:itemize
1792:Iceland
1774:Ontario
1709:Class I
1676:Ireland
1542:History
1331:Digital
1318:Digital
1216:antenna
1208:digital
756:headset
361:battery
353:earmold
5200:
5190:
5157:
5147:
5101:
4954:5 July
4608:
4336:
4301:28 May
4271:29 May
4257:
4232:28 May
4199:28 May
3817:
3807:
3776:2 June
3746:2 June
3716:8 June
3659:
3620:
3612:
3577:
3542:
3310:
3270:
3024:7 June
2714:
2689:5 July
2657:
2632:
2609:
2574:29 May
2547:
2539:
2498:
2488:
2435:
2425:
2386:
2319:
2311:
2177:(BAHA)
1764:Canada
1737:Dublin
1654:, the
1650:Under
1639:Canada
1302:Analog
1297:Analog
1228:mobile
1095:Phonak
1076:Oticon
917:signal
640:temple
612:Oticon
588:sound
431:concha
153:, and
133:) and
5231:(FDA)
5227:U.S.
5221:(NIH)
5099:S2CID
4658:67325
4651:67326
4466:67-95
4436:(PDF)
4429:(PDF)
4388:(PDF)
4381:(PDF)
4334:S2CID
4080:(PDF)
4073:(PDF)
4021:(PDF)
4010:(PDF)
3966:(PDF)
3959:(PDF)
3815:S2CID
3618:S2CID
3540:S2CID
3224:(PDF)
3213:(PDF)
2607:S2CID
2545:S2CID
2384:S2CID
2317:S2CID
2141:(ABR)
1932:power
1925:volts
1918:anode
1801:India
1276:. An
907:sound
554:skull
468:shell
403:pinna
231:power
225:Types
61:[
5198:PMID
5155:PMID
5062:2007
5028:Well
4986:2007
4956:2024
4934:2014
4889:2014
4844:2007
4808:2022
4768:2022
4724:2022
4687:2020
4635:9286
4590:2012
4564:2023
4533:2023
4503:2023
4444:2015
4396:2015
4303:2019
4273:2020
4255:ISBN
4234:2019
4201:2019
4140:2015
4114:2015
4088:2015
4055:2015
4029:2015
3992:link
3988:link
3974:2022
3939:2015
3913:2021
3887:2012
3860:2012
3833:link
3805:ISBN
3778:2017
3748:2017
3718:2013
3673:2022
3657:PMID
3610:PMID
3575:PMID
3503:2014
3472:2016
3442:2015
3416:2015
3390:2011
3345:2022
3308:ISBN
3284:2019
3268:ISSN
3232:2019
3192:2016
3146:2018
3116:2014
3086:2024
3061:2014
3026:2021
2908:2014
2855:2016
2829:2017
2780:2012
2755:2011
2712:ISBN
2691:2020
2655:ISBN
2630:ISBN
2576:2013
2537:PMID
2496:OCLC
2486:ISBN
2467:2022
2433:PMID
2347:2007
2309:PMID
2116:ANSI
2108:CICs
2089:ANSI
2080:RICs
2076:CICs
2056:ANSI
2047:ITCs
2043:RICs
2039:BTEs
2037:mini
2018:ANSI
2009:ITEs
2005:BTEs
1985:ANSI
1972:BTEs
1727:Cost
1226:and
943:The
915:the
905:the
781:and
667:and
648:CROS
460:mold
439:vent
233:and
141:Uses
106:and
5188:PMC
5180:doi
5176:129
5145:PMC
5137:doi
5089:doi
4326:doi
3797:doi
3649:doi
3602:doi
3567:doi
3530:doi
2599:doi
2527:doi
2423:PMC
2415:doi
2374:doi
2301:doi
2112:IEC
2085:IEC
2052:IEC
2030:312
2014:IEC
1981:IEC
1963:675
1920:).
1831:NHS
1784:or
1587:DSP
1346:In
1250:or
1246:An
1039:iOS
464:CAD
162:aid
5286::
5196:.
5186:.
5174:.
5170:.
5153:.
5143:.
5133:46
5131:.
5127:.
5097:.
5085:63
5083:.
5079:.
5052:.
5048:.
5026:.
5007:.
5003:.
4972:.
4750:.
4695:^
4673:.
4655:FR
4648:FR
4632:FR
4598:^
4554:.
4550:.
4523:.
4519:.
4493:.
4489:.
4369:^
4332:.
4322:33
4320:.
4293:.
4289:.
4263:.
4220:.
4209:^
4187:.
4172:^
4163:,
4012:.
3984:}}
3980:{{
3903:.
3829:}}
3825:{{
3813:.
3803:.
3768:.
3764:.
3738:.
3734:.
3663:.
3655:.
3645:15
3643:.
3639:.
3616:.
3608:.
3598:41
3596:.
3573:.
3563:49
3561:.
3538:.
3526:60
3524:.
3520:.
3489:.
3462:.
3458:.
3335:.
3331:.
3292:^
3274:.
3262:.
3258:.
3240:^
3215:.
3136:.
3132:.
3102:.
3077:.
3049:21
3047:.
3043:.
3012:.
2995:.
2931:.
2894:.
2815:.
2788:^
2730:^
2720:.
2677:.
2605:.
2595:25
2593:.
2543:.
2535:.
2523:21
2521:.
2517:.
2494:.
2457:.
2453:.
2431:.
2421:.
2411:37
2409:.
2405:.
2382:.
2370:63
2368:.
2364:.
2315:.
2307:.
2297:21
2295:.
2078:,
2068:10
2045:,
2041:,
2007:,
1997:13
1974:,
1927:.
1826:.
1788:.
1647:.
1581:,
1218:,
1173:.
762:.
671:.
614:.
535:A
516:A
415:FM
149:,
137:.
72:A
5250::
5204:.
5182::
5161:.
5139::
5105:.
5091::
5064:.
4988:.
4958:.
4936:.
4891:.
4846:.
4821:.
4810:.
4781:.
4770:.
4737:.
4726:.
4689:.
4592:.
4566:.
4535:.
4505:.
4446:.
4413:.
4398:.
4364:.
4340:.
4328::
4305:.
4275:.
4236:.
4203:.
4142:.
4116:.
4090:.
4057:.
4031:.
3994:)
3976:.
3941:.
3915:.
3889:.
3862:.
3835:)
3821:.
3799::
3780:.
3750:.
3720:.
3675:.
3651::
3624:.
3604::
3581:.
3569::
3546:.
3532::
3505:.
3474:.
3444:.
3418:.
3392:.
3347:.
3316:.
3286:.
3264:2
3234:.
3194:.
3148:.
3118:.
3088:.
3063:.
3028:.
2935:.
2910:.
2857:.
2831:.
2782:.
2693:.
2663:.
2638:.
2613:.
2601::
2578:.
2551:.
2529::
2502:.
2469:.
2439:.
2417::
2390:.
2376::
2349:.
2323:.
2303::
2101:5
960:T
953:M
754:/
630:.
65:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_Hearing_Aid,_Model-A3A,_Pastel_Coralite_Case,_Bone-Air,_Original_Cost_%3D_50.00_USD,_Circa_1944_(10840966755).jpg)
_Hearing_Aid,_Model_70A,_Made_in_the_USA_(12483173304).jpg)
