Tinnitus - Knowledge

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including effects on hearing, lifestyle, health, and emotional functioning. A broader assessment of general functioning, such as levels of anxiety, depression, stress, life stressors, and sleep difficulties, is also important in the assessment of tinnitus due to higher risk of negative well-being across these areas, which may be affected by or exacerbate the tinnitus symptoms. Current assessment measures aim to identify levels of distress and interference, coping responses, and perceptions of tinnitus to inform treatment and monitor progress. However, wide variability, inconsistencies, and lack of consensus regarding assessment methodology are evidenced in the literature, limiting comparison of treatment effectiveness. Developed to guide diagnosis or classify severity, most tinnitus questionnaires have been shown to be treatment-sensitive outcome measures.

1000:, a frequent accompaniment of tinnitus, may also be made. Hyperacusis is related to negative reactions to sound and can take many forms. One parameter that can be measured is Loudness Discomfort Level (LDL) in dB, the subjective level of acute discomfort at specified frequencies over the frequency range of hearing. This defines a dynamic range between the hearing threshold at that frequency and the loudness discomfort level. A compressed dynamic range over a particular frequency range can be associated with hyperacusis. Normal hearing threshold is generally defined as 0–20 decibels (dB). Normal loudness discomfort levels are 85–90+ dB, with some authorities citing 100 dB. A dynamic range of 55 dB or less is indicative of hyperacusis. 8462: 1301:

and their complaints may not be taken seriously. Among those who do complain, there is an increased likelihood of associated otological or neurological pathology such as migraine, juvenile Meniere's disease, or chronic suppurative otitis media. Its reported prevalence varies from 12 to 36% in children with normal hearing thresholds, and up to 66% in children with a hearing loss. Approximately 3–10% of children have been reported to be troubled by tinnitus.

1046: 8491: 1313: 1225:(FDA) approved Neuromod's Lenire device as a treatment option for tinnitus. In June 2024, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) announced it would begin offering the treatment to veterans with tinnitus, making it the first bimodal neuromodulation device to be awarded a Federal Supply Schedule (FSS) contract from the US Government. 762:, is characterized by hearing the sounds of one's own muscle contractions or pulse, typically a result of sounds that have been created by the movement of jaw muscles or sounds related to blood flow in the neck or face. It is sometimes caused by an involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles ( 772:—faint high-frequency tones that are produced in the inner ear and can be measured in the ear canal with a sensitive microphone—may also cause tinnitus. About 8% of those with SOAEs and tinnitus have SOAE-linked tinnitus, while the percentage of all cases of tinnitus caused by SOAEs is estimated at 4%. 1068:

Certain groups are advised to wear ear plugs to avoid the risk of tinnitus, such as that caused by overexposure to loud noises like wind noise for motorcycle riders. This includes military personnel, musicians, DJs, agricultural workers, and construction workers as people in those occupations are at

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Tinnitus is commonly thought of as a symptom of adulthood, and is often overlooked in children. Children with hearing loss have a high incidence of pediatric tinnitus, even though they do not express the condition or its effect on their lives. Children do not generally report tinnitus spontaneously

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Children may be subject to pulsatile or continuous tinnitus, involving anomalies and variants of the vascular parts affecting the middle/inner ear structures. CT scans may be used to check the integrity of the structures, and MR scans can evaluate nerves and potential masses or malformations. Early

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Meikle MB, Henry JA, Griest SE, Stewart BJ, Abrams HB, McArdle R, Myers PJ, Newman CW, Sandridge S, Turk DC, Folmer RL, Frederick EJ, House JW, Jacobson GP, Kinney SE, Martin WH, Nagler SM, Reich GE, Searchfield G, Sweetow R, Vernon JA (March 2012). "The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a

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or other measures can help with prevention. Employers may use hearing loss prevention programs to help educate and prevent dangerous levels of exposure to noise. Government organizations set regulations to ensure employees, if following the protocol, should have minimal risk to permanent damage to

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Langguth B, Goodey R, Azevedo A, Bjorne A, Cacace A, Crocetti A, Del Bo L, De Ridder D, Diges I, Elbert T, Flor H, Herraiz C, Ganz Sanchez T, Eichhammer P, Figueiredo R, Hajak G, Kleinjung T, Landgrebe M, Londero A, Lainez M, Mazzoli M, Meikle M, Melcher J, Rauschecker J, Sand P, Struve M, Van De

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Acoustic qualification of tinnitus includes measurement of several acoustic parameters like frequency in cases of monotone tinnitus or frequency range and bandwidth in cases of narrow band noise tinnitus, loudness in dB above hearing threshold at the indicated frequency, mixing-point, and minimum

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response of neurons in the central auditory system, causing tinnitus. When some frequencies of sound are lost to hearing loss, the auditory system compensates by amplifying those frequencies, eventually producing sound sensations at those frequencies constantly even when there is no corresponding

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supplements to relieve symptoms of tinnitus, and reported that evidence for the efficacy of many dietary supplements (such as lipoflavonoids, garlic, traditional Chinese/Korean herbal medicine, honeybee larvae, and various other vitamins and minerals, as well as homeopathic preparations) did not

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In 2020, information about clinical trials indicated that bimodal neuromodulation may reduce the symptoms of tinnitus. It is a noninvasive technique that involves applying an electrical stimulus to the tongue while also administering sounds. Equipment associated with the treatments is available

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is another sound-based intervention. Its protocol follows the principle of systematic desensitization and involves a structured rehabilitation program lasting 12 months. Neuromonics therapy employs customized sound signals delivered through a device worn by the patient, which aims to target the

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Other potential sources of the sounds normally associated with tinnitus should be ruled out. For instance, two recognized sources of high-pitched sounds might be electromagnetic fields common in modern wiring and various sound signal transmissions. A common and often misdiagnosed condition that

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One definition of tinnitus, in contrast to normal ear noise experience, is that tinnitus lasts five minutes at least twice a week. However, people with tinnitus often experience the noise more frequently than this. Tinnitus can be present constantly or intermittently. Some people with constant

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Measures to prevent tinnitus include avoiding chronic or extended exposure to loud noise, and limiting exposure to ototoxic drugs and substances. If there is an underlying cause, treating that cause may lead to improvements. Otherwise, typically, tinnitus management involves psychoeducation or

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Commonly tinnitus is classified into "subjective and objective tinnitus". Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that the sounds the person hears are not detectable by means currently available to physicians and hearing technicians. Subjective tinnitus has also been called "tinnitus aurium",

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Assessment of psychological processes related to tinnitus involves measurement of tinnitus severity and distress, as measured subjectively by validated self-report tinnitus questionnaires. Such questionnaires measure the degree of psychological distress and handicap associated with tinnitus,

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is a variety of sound that is heard when no corresponding external sound is present. Nearly everyone experiences faint "normal tinnitus" in a completely quiet room; but it is of concern only if it is bothersome, interferes with normal hearing, or is associated with other problems. The word

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Although it is an annoying condition to which most people adapt, persistent tinnitus may cause anxiety and depression in some people. Tinnitus annoyance is more strongly associated with the psychological condition of the person than the loudness or frequency range of the perceived sound.

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Evaluation of tinnitus can include a hearing test (audiogram), measurement of acoustic parameters of the tinnitus like pitch and loudness, and psychological assessment of comorbid conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress that are associated with severity of the tinnitus.

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may help the brain ignore the specific tinnitus frequency. Although these methods are poorly supported by evidence, there are no negative effects. There are several approaches for tinnitus sound therapy. The first is sound modification to compensate for the individual's

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drugs also may cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. This damage may occur even at doses not considered ototoxic. More than 260 medications have been reported to cause tinnitus as a side effect.

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McCombe A, Baguley D, Coles R, McKenna L, McKinney C, Windle-Taylor P (October 2001). "Guidelines for the grading of tinnitus severity: the results of a working group commissioned by the British Association of Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons, 1999".

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Psychological research has focused on the tinnitus distress reaction to account for differences in tinnitus severity. The research indicates that conditioning at the initial perception of tinnitus linked it with negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety.

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There are presently no FDA-approved drugs specifically for tinnitus, and no medications that have been shown to reverse the neural hyperactivity at the root of tinnitus. Drugs cannot cure tinnitus, but they may provide relief from some severe tinnitus

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effects, which can have a cumulative effect that increases the damage done by noise. If ototoxic medications must be administered, close attention by the physician to prescription details, such as dose and dosage interval, can reduce the damage done.

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Another relevant parameter of tinnitus is residual inhibition: the temporary suppression or disappearance of tinnitus following a period of masking. The degree of residual inhibition may indicate how effective tinnitus maskers would be as treatment.

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Pienkowski M, Tyler RS, Roncancio ER, Jun HJ, Brozoski T, Dauman N, Coelho CB, Andersson G, Keiner AJ, Cacace AT, Martin N, Moore BC (December 2014). "A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part II. Measurement, Mechanisms, and Treatment".

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Tyler RS, Pienkowski M, Roncancio ER, Jun HJ, Brozoski T, Dauman N, Coelho CB, Andersson G, Keiner AJ, Cacace AT, Martin N, Moore BC (December 2014). "A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations".

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Tinnitus affects 10–15% of people. About a third of North Americans over 55 experience it. It affects one third of adults at some time in their lives, whereas 10–15% are disturbed enough to seek medical evaluation. 70 million people in

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Tinnitus may be caused by increased neural activity in the auditory brainstem, where the brain processes sounds, causing some auditory nerve cells to become overexcited. The basis of this theory is that many with tinnitus also have

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Rather than a disease, tinnitus is a symptom that may result from a variety of underlying causes and may be generated at any level of the auditory system as well as outside that system. The most common causes are hearing damage,

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resulting in an audiogram may help diagnose a cause. An audiogram may also facilitate fitting of a hearing aid in those cases where hearing loss is significant. The pitch of tinnitus is often in the range of the hearing loss.

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Weise C, Hesser H, Andersson G, Nyenhuis N, Zastrutzki S, Kröner-Herwig B, Jäger B (2013). "The role of catastrophizing in recent onset tinnitus: its nature and association with tinnitus distress and medical utilization".

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tinnitus might not be aware of it all the time, but only, for example, during the night when there is less environmental noise to mask it. Chronic tinnitus can be defined as tinnitus with a duration of six months or more.

474:; for instance, people can increase or decrease their tinnitus by moving their face, head, jaw, or neck. This type is called somatic or craniocervical tinnitus, since it is only head or neck movements that have an effect. 393:, and may seem to come from either one or both ears, or from the head itself. It may be intermittent or continuous. In some individuals, its intensity may be changed by shoulder, neck, head, tongue, jaw, or eye movements. 7330: 7315: 5264:

Cianfrone G, Pentangelo D, Cianfrone F, Mazzei F, Turchetta R, Orlando MP, Altissimi G (June 2011). "Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms and tinnitus: a reasoned and updated guide".

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and decreased comprehension of speech in noisy environments. It is common, affecting about 10–15% of people. Most tolerate it well, and it is a significant problem in only 1–2% of people. It can trigger a

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Sherlock LP, Formby C (February 2005). "Estimates of Loudness, Loudness Discomfort, and the Auditory Dynamic Range: Normative Estimates, Comparison of Procedures, and Test-Retest Reliability".

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Due to variations in study designs, data on the course of tinnitus shows few consistent results. Generally, prevalence increases with age in adults, and the ratings of annoyance decreases with

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Three reviews in 2016 emphasized the large range and possible combinations of pathologies involved in tinnitus, which result in a great variety of symptoms and specifically adapted therapies.

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Psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and concentration difficulties are common in those with strongly annoying tinnitus. 45% of people with tinnitus have an

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Hesser H, Weise C, Zetterquist Westin V, Andersson G (2011). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive–behavioral therapy for tinnitus distress".

353:(MRI), may be performed. Other tests are suitable when tinnitus occurs with the same rhythm as the heartbeat. Rarely, the sound may be heard by someone other than the patient by using a 3490: 4558:

Heyning P, Van Dijk P, Vergara R (2007). "Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006".

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Gopinath B, McMahon CM, Rochtchina E, Karpa MJ, Mitchell P (2010). "Incidence, persistence, and progression of tinnitus symptoms in older adults: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study".

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When there does not seem to be a connection with a disorder of the inner ear or auditory nerve, tinnitus can be called "non-otic". In 30% of cases, tinnitus is influenced by the

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Nicolas-Puel C, Faulconbridge RL, Guitton M, Puel JL, Mondain M, Uziel A (2002). "Characteristics of tinnitus and etiology of associated hearing loss: a study of 123 patients".

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The diagnostic approach is based on a history of the condition and an examination of the head, neck, and neurological system. Typically an audiogram is done, and occasionally

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Tinnitus is often rated on a scale from "slight" to "severe" according to the effects it has, such as interference with sleep, quiet activities, and normal daily activities.

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Miroddi M, Bruno R, Galletti F, Calapai F, Navarra M, Gangemi S, Calapai G (March 2015). "Clinical pharmacology of melatonin in the treatment of tinnitus: a review".

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Meikle M, Stewart B, Griest S, Martin W, Henry J, Abrams H, McArdle R, Newman C, Sandridge S (2007). "Assessment of tinnitus: Measurement of treatment outcomes".

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Park JM, Kim WJ, Han JS, Park SY, Park SN (2 July 2020). "Management of palatal myoclonic tinnitus based on clinical characteristics: a large case series study".

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mimics tinnitus is radio frequency (RF) hearing, in which subjects hear objectively audible high-pitched transmission frequencies that sound similar to tinnitus.

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exist. A 2016 Cochrane Review also concluded that evidence was not sufficient to support taking zinc supplements to reduce symptoms associated with tinnitus.

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Subjective tinnitus is the most frequent type. It can have many causes, but most commonly it results from hearing loss. When it is caused by disorders of the

8482: 8090: 5203:"Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors" 1150:, which aims to reduce tinnitus-related neuronal activity. An alternative tinnitus treatment uses mobile applications that include various methods including 1193:

are useful for treating tinnitus. Steroid injections into the middle ear also do not seem to be effective. There is no evidence to suggest that the use of

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Rizk HG, Lee JA, Liu YF, Endriukaitis L, Isaac JL, Bullington WM (December 2020). "Drug-Induced Ototoxicity: A Comprehensive Review and Reference Guide".

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The diagnosis of tinnitus is usually based on a patient's description of the symptoms they are experiencing. Such a diagnosis is commonly supported by an

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Palomar García V, Abdulghani Martínez, F, Bodet Agustí, E, Andreu Mencía, L, Palomar Asenjo, V (July 2001). "Drug-induced otoxicity: current status".

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in the inner ear.. Some evidence suggests that long-term exposure to noise pollution from heavy traffic may increase the risk of developing tinnitus.

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Slengerik-Hansen J, Ovesen T (2016). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Objective Tinnitus Because of Essential Palatal Tremor: A Systematic Review".

797:. Pulsatile tinnitus is usually objective in nature, resulting from altered blood flow or increased blood turbulence near the ear, such as from 389:

Tinnitus is often described as ringing, but it may also sound like clicking, buzzing, hissing, or roaring. It may be soft or loud, low- or high-

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changes in the central auditory pathway. In this theory, the disturbance of sensory input caused by hearing loss results in such changes as a

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masking level. In most cases, tinnitus pitch or frequency range is between 5 kHz and 10 kHz, and loudness between 5 and 15

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Kerr R, Kang E, Hopkins B, Anne S (December 2017). "Pediatric tinnitus: Incidence of imaging anomalies and the impact of hearing loss".

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If a specific underlying cause is determined, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, the primary treatment for tinnitus is

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About 75% of new cases are related to emotional stress as the trigger factor rather than to precipitants involving cochlear lesions.

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Casale M, Costantino A, Rinaldi V, Forte A, Grimaldi M, Sabatino L, Oliveto G, Aloise F, Pontari D, Salvinelli F (December 2018).

812:, and other intracranial pathologies. Vascular causes of pulsatile tinnitus include venous causes (e.g., high riding or dehiscent 8466: 8255: 7618: 3350: 3036: 1989:

Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA (October 2005). "General Review of Tinnitus: Prevalence, Mechanisms, Effects, and Management".

1233: 1109:(CBT). It decreases the stress those with tinnitus feel. This appears to be independent of any effect on depression or anxiety. 8442: 8301: 7714: 2770:

Barbara Rubinstein, et al. (1990). "Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Craniomandibular Disorders in Tinnitus Patients".

4175:"The Relevance of the High Frequency Audiometry in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing in Conventional Pure-Tone Audiometry" 1274:

While there is no cure, most people with tinnitus get used to it over time; for a minority, it remains a significant problem.

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disorders include those triggered by infections, drugs, or trauma. A frequent cause is traumatic noise exposure that damages

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Ost LG (October 2014). "The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Salman R, Chong I, Amans M, Hui F, Desai N, Huisman TA, Tran B (May 2022). "Pediatric tinnitus: The role of neuroimaging".

908: 439:(SOAE) in the ear canal. This is classified as objective tinnitus, also called "pseudo-tinnitus" or "vibratory" tinnitus. 345:. How much tinnitus interferes with a person's life may be quantified with questionnaires. If certain problems are found, 7704: 2391:

Henry JA, Dennis KC, Schechter MA (2005). "General review of tinnitus: Prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management".

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Seligmann H, Podoshin L, Ben-David J, Fradis M, Goldsher M (1996). "Drug-induced tinnitus and other hearing disorders".

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Martinez-Devesa P, Perera R, Theodoulou M, Waddell A (8 September 2010). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus".

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Andersson G, Westin V (2008). "Understanding tinnitus distress: Introducing the concepts of moderators and mediators".

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Meng Z, Liu, S, Zheng, Y, Phillips, JS (5 October 2011). "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus".

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Hoare DJ, Searchfield GD, El Refaie A, Henry JA (2014). "Sound therapy for tinnitus management: practicable options".

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Vielsmeier V, Lehner A, Strutz J, Steffens T, Kreuzer PM, Schecklmann M, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Kleinjung T (2015).

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Davis A (1989). "The prevalence of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability among adults in Great Britain".

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or venous hum, but it can also arise as a subjective phenomenon from an increased awareness of blood flow in the ear.

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Sismanis A, Butts FM, Hughes GB (January 1990). "Objective Tinnitus in Benign Intracranial Hypertension: An Update".

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As of 2018 there were no medications effective for idiopathic tinnitus. There is not enough evidence to determine if

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The differential diagnosis for pulsatile tinnitus is wide and includes vascular etiologies, tumors, disorders of the

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Langguth B, Kreuzer, PM, Kleinjung, T, De Ridder, D (September 2013). "Tinnitus: causes and clinical management".

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Lin JC, Wang Z (2007). "Hearing of microwave pulses by humans and animals: effects, mechanism, and thresholds".

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Don Brown R, Penny JE, Henley CM, Hodges KB, Kupetz SA, Glenn DW, Jobe PC (2008). "Ototoxic Drugs and Noise".

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Diamond BJ, Mosley JE (2011). "Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)". In Kreutzer JS, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds.).

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Andersson G (2002). "Psychological aspects of tinnitus and the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy".

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Schecklmann M, Vielsmeier V, Steffens T, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Kleinjung T, Andersson G (18 April 2012).

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Robert Aaron Levine (1999). "Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis".

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Shargorodsky J, Curhan GC, Farwell WR (2010). "Prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus among US adults".

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Celik N, Bajin MD, Aksoy S (2009). "Tinnitus incidence and characteristics in children with hearing loss".

1353: 1222: 1106: 766:) or by a vascular condition. In some cases, tinnitus is generated by muscle spasms around the middle ear. 2861:"Tinnitus with a Normal Audiogram: Physiological Evidence for Hidden Hearing Loss and Computational Model" 2343:

Henry JA, Meikle MB (May 1999). "Pulsed versus Continuous Tones for Evaluating the Loudness of Tinnitus".

431:"non-auditory", or "non-vibratory" tinnitus. In rare cases, tinnitus can be heard by someone else using a 8387: 8079: 7987: 7951: 7789: 7506: 1147: 911:. Pulsatile tinnitus can be a symptom of intracranial vascular abnormalities and should be evaluated for 6340:

Pichora-Fuller MK, Santaguida P, Hammill A, Oremus M, Westerberg B, Ali U, Patterson C, Raina P (2013).

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Lee DY, Kim YH (June 2018). "Risk factors of pediatric tinnitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Hobson J, Chisholm E, El Refaie A. "Sound therapy (masking) in the management of tinnitus in adults".

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may also help. A clinical protocol called Progressive Tinnitus Management has been developed by the

274:"to ring". In some people, it interferes with concentration, and can be associated with anxiety and 8522: 8437: 8362: 8342: 8235: 7859: 7849: 7824: 7511: 7345: 5456:"Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials examining tinnitus management" 5291: 4326:"Residual inhibition functions overlap tinnitus spectra and the region of auditory threshold shift" 3296: 2659: 1154:, sound therapy, and relaxation exercises. Such applications can work as a separate device or as a 880: 342: 287: 3096: 8407: 8193: 7528: 5840:"Mobile applications in otolaryngology for patients: An update: Otolaryngology Apps for Patients" 3300: 2449:

Pattyn T, Van Den Eede F, Vanneste S, Cassiers L, Veltman DJ, Van De Heyning P, Sabbe BC (2015).

498:. Hearing loss may have many different causes, but among those with tinnitus, the major cause is 152: 5938:

Kalle S, Schlee W, Pryss RC, Probst T, Reichert M, Langguth B, Spiliopoulou M (20 August 2018).

2450: 8002: 7982: 7769: 7739: 6371:(23 June 2015). "Intratympanic corticosteroids injections: a systematic review of literature". 3367: 2654: 1331: 1203:

injection has succeeded in some of the rare cases of objective tinnitus from a palatal tremor.

681: 672: 331: 307: 201: 197: 181: 7385: 4711:"Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: A proposal for international standard" 3258: 3066: 1462: 1218:

through physicians. Studies with it and similar devices continue in several research centers.

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is used in a few countries to treat tinnitus. The evidence for its usefulness is very weak.

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If examination reveals a bruit (sound due to turbulent blood flow), imaging studies such as

8198: 8173: 7977: 7894: 7744: 7734: 7694: 7649: 6013: 5581:. US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research. 4237: 3124:"Tinnitus psychopharmacology: A comprehensive review of its pathomechanisms and management" 2813: 1114: 1021: 972: 951:. Treatable conditions may include middle ear infection, acoustic neuroma, concussion, and 872: 848: 654: 471: 436: 20: 5251:"Construction Statistics – Occupational Hearing Loss Surveillance | NIOSH | CDC" 5030:

Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, et al. (2014). "Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus".

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Sismanis A (October 2011). "Pulsatile tinnitus: contemporary assessment and management".

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Henry JA, Wilson P (2000). "Psychological management of tinnitus". In R.S. Tyler (ed.).

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Some people experience a sound that beats in time with their pulse, known as

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1376: 1143: 1134: 1086: 952: 929: 884: 868: 740: 567: 557: 540: 495: 478: 378: 370: 318:, acoustic neuromas (tumors on the auditory nerves of the ear), migraines, 282: 240: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7048: 6044: 5356: 5123: 4191: 4103: 3779: 3536: 3347:"Erowid Experience Vaults: DiPT – More Tripping & Revelations – 26540" 3060: 3058: 3021: 2783: 1878: 8327: 7794: 7689: 7684: 7518: 7450: 7380: 5690:"Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus – triggers, mechanisms and treatment" 4130:

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are useful. There are conflicting studies regarding the effectiveness of

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Tinnitus can also occur from the discontinuation of therapeutic doses of

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Safety sign from the UK Government Regulations requiring ear protection

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Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro

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specific frequency range associated with their tinnitus perception.

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diagnosis can prevent long-term impairments to development.

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Hofmann E, Behr R, Neumann-Haefelin T, Schwager K (2013).

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Some evidence supports neuromodulation techniques such as

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Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 7061: 6524: 6499: 6456: 6190: 6155: 6026: 6024: 6022: 5886: 5782: 5597: 5573:Henry J, Zaugg T, Myers P, Kendall C (2012). 4932: 4792:Pegge S, Steens S, Kunst H, Meijer F (2017). 3800: 3699:Ward BK, Carey JP, Minor LB (28 April 2017). 3477: 3172: 1891: 1718: 1105:The best-supported treatment for tinnitus is 585:Excessive or loud noise; e.g. acoustic trauma 6942: 6820: 6630: 6604: 6196: 6068:"Antidepressants for patients with tinnitus" 5730: 5606:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 5575:"Chapter 9 – Level 5 Individualized Support" 5257: 4975: 4883: 4834: 4785: 4643: 4602: 4550: 4514: 4478: 4452:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 4443: 4407: 4366: 4317: 4276: 4217: 4166: 4132:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 3956: 3907: 3856: 3829: 3115: 2933: 2859:Schaette R, McAlpine D (21 September 2011). 2345:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 2252: 2217: 2182: 2139: 2017: 1584: 1124: 1119:United States Department of Veterans Affairs 330:. It can suddenly emerge during a period of 7029:Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 6149: 5893:BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 5444: 5328: 4693: 4524:Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences 4129: 3655: 3514: 3090: 3088: 2508: 2425: 2342: 1189:, as of 2015, is unclear. It is unclear if 7730:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung") 7633: 7619: 7442: 7428: 6592:(6). Springer Nature America, Inc.: None. 6373:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 6019: 5887:Mosa AS, Yoo I, Sheets L (December 2012). 5025: 5023: 5021: 4283:Roberts LE (2007). 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Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate 843:. Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate 157:Poor concentration, anxiety, depression 8510: 8443:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 7715:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy 7138:Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach 6983: 6636: 6610: 6533:"Emerging pharmacotherapy of tinnitus" 3862: 3128:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2689: 2635: 2430:. San Diego: Singular. pp. 1–23. 2123:Tinnitus: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1898:Australian Journal of General Practice 1573: 1438: 1404:Levine RA, Oron Y (2015). "Tinnitus". 1390: 905:superior semicircular canal dehiscence 442: 7614: 7423: 6030: 5739: 5585:from the original on 20 December 2013 5174: 4756: 4754: 4084:International Journal of Epidemiology 4081: 3353:from the original on 2 November 2014. 2772:Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders 1892:Esmaili AA, Renton J (1 April 2018). 1850: 1773: 1253:does not appear to be effective. The 879:causes of pulsatile tinnitus include 784: 775: 753: 530: 494:The most common cause of tinnitus is 384: 308:disease of the heart or blood vessels 182:disease of the heart or blood vessels 8490: 8133:Working Environment Convention, 1977 6579: 6156:Savage J, Waddell A (October 2014). 5032:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 3327:from the original on 31 October 2012 3277:from the original on 17 August 2016. 3043:from the original on 19 October 2012 1379: – Short-term auditory illusion 909:idiopathic intracranial hypertension 281:Tinnitus is usually associated with 8302:Workers' right to access the toilet 6031:Bauer CA (March 2018). "Tinnitus". 5537: 3378:from the original on 20 August 2021 3368:"MEM, Tinnitus and Ear Drum Spasms" 2912: 2612: 662:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction 13: 8373:International Chemical Safety Card 7140:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: 7125: 7041:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1986.tb02033.x 4847:Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 4751: 3838:The International Tinnitus Journal 3621:American Journal of Neuroradiology 3202:"Noise exposure and public health" 3037:"6) What are some ototoxic drugs?" 2721:Lie Becker M, et al. (2023). 2647:American Journal of Otolaryngology 2578:International Journal of Audiology 2534:International Journal of Audiology 1414:10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00023-8 1255:American Academy of Otolaryngology 1212: 1060:can lead to tinnitus. Custom made 979: 922: 361:, sounds produced normally by the 14: 8549: 8383:National Day of Mourning (Canada) 8041:International Labour Organization 7281: 7136:, McFerran D, McKenna L (2013) . 6346:Comparative Effectiveness Reviews 4996:10.1097/01.HP.0000250644.84530.e2 4715:Journal of Psychosomatic Research 3305:. Berkeley, CA: Transform Press. 3206:Environmental Health Perspectives 2727:Environmental Health Perspectives 1939:Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 1477:from the original on 3 April 2019 1230:transcranial magnetic stimulation 1111:Acceptance and commitment therapy 737:Intracranial hyper or hypotension 359:spontaneous otoacoustic emissions 320:temporomandibular joint disorders 8489: 8461: 8460: 7087:Archives of Disease in Childhood 7055: 7020: 6977: 6863: 6814: 6765: 6716: 6685: 6573: 6537:Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 6407: 6360: 6333: 6284: 6241: 6108: 6059: 5982: 5931: 5880: 5831: 5789:Phillips JS, McFerran D (2010). 5681: 5632: 5566: 5531: 5496: 5403: 5349:10.2165/00002018-199614030-00006 4727:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.05.002 4536:10.1046/j.1365-2273.2001.00490.x 3772:10.1288/00005537-199001000-00008 3529:10.1288/00005537-198307000-00009 3065:Riba MB, Ravindranath D (2010). 2619:Jastreboff PJ, Hazell J (2004). 2191:The American Journal of Medicine 1311: 1292:are estimated to have tinnitus. 1197:to treat tinnitus is effective. 1100: 81: 46: 6839:10.1590/S1807-59322011000600028 6774:"Zinc supplements for tinnitus" 6033:New England Journal of Medicine 5992:. 2012 Nov 14;11(11):CD006371. 5371: 5285: 5243: 5194: 5168: 5117: 5092: 5066: 4926: 4702: 4687: 4392:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.08.002 4123: 4110: 4075: 4048: 4005: 3794: 3751: 3692: 3608: 3551: 3508: 3425: 3390: 3339: 3250: 3193: 3166: 3028: 2987: 2763: 2714: 2568: 2525: 2502: 2442: 2419: 2336: 2295: 2114: 2065: 1885: 1844: 1830: 1277: 903:cause of pulsatile tinnitus is 489: 477:Some tinnitus may be caused by 341:, and an otolaryngological and 8338:Environment, health and safety 7993:Occupational health psychology 7642:Occupational safety and health 6790:10.1002/14651858.cd009832.pub2 6742:10.1002/14651858.CD003852.pub3 6702:10.1002/14651858.CD007946.pub2 6309:10.1002/14651858.CD007960.pub2 6293:"Anticonvulsants for tinnitus" 6084:10.1002/14651858.CD003853.pub3 5998:10.1002/14651858.CD006371.pub3 5807:10.1002/14651858.CD007330.pub2 5657:10.1002/14651858.CD013094.pub2 5540:Behaviour Research and Therapy 4771:10.1002/14651858.CD005233.pub3 3805:. Springer. pp. 249–252. 2877:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011 1816: 1688: 1168: 1026:magnetic resonance angiography 913:irregular noises of blood flow 1: 8209:Personal protective equipment 7962:Workplace health surveillance 7288:American Tinnitus Association 6884:10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00160-3 6821:Sanchez TG, Rocha CB (2011). 5384:American Tinnitus Association 4619:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66049-X 4568:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66050-6 4488:American Journal of Audiology 4417:American Journal of Audiology 4293:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66047-6 4179:BioMed Research International 4026:10.1080/00016489.2020.1749724 3122:Fornaro M, Martino M (2010). 2669:10.1016/S0196-0709(99)90074-1 2238:10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00124-6 1666:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70160-1 1591:Journal of Clinical Neurology 1559:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60142-7 1383: 1080: 1040: 989:above the hearing threshold. 758:A specific type of tinnitus, 591:(age-associated hearing loss) 418:at some time in their lives. 8251:Standard operating procedure 8184:Hierarchy of hazard controls 7937:Hierarchy of hazard controls 6725:"Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus" 6477:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001090 5740:Hesse G (15 December 2016). 4904:10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283493fd8 4694:Henry JL, Wilson PH (2000). 4665:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0 4251:10.1371/journal.pone.0082995 4120:, 37(8), pp. e276–e285. 3411:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.10.027 2827:10.1371/journal.pone.0034878 2590:10.3109/14992027.2012.752111 2470:10.1016/j.heares.2015.08.014 2203:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.02.015 2160:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181cdb2a2 1354:List of people with tinnitus 1269: 1223:Food and Drug Administration 1185:for tinnitus. Usefulness of 1107:cognitive behavioral therapy 966: 938: 899:myoclonus). The most common 725:Diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT) 7: 8388:NIOSH air filtration rating 8080:Health and Safety Executive 7988:Occupational health nursing 7952:Occupational exposure limit 7790:Hospital-acquired infection 7755:Exposure to human nail dust 7507:Eustachian tube dysfunction 6932:European Commission: CORDIS 6666:Philpott J (18 June 2024). 4933:Elder JA, Chou, CK (2003). 2865:The Journal of Neuroscience 2405:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/084) 2261:Perceptual and Motor Skills 2003:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/084) 1304: 1295: 1148:tinnitus retraining therapy 1028:(MRA) should be performed. 1003: 841:arteriovenous malformations 10: 8554: 8448:Workplace health promotion 8353:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster 8127:Worker Protection Standard 7830:Noise-induced hearing loss 6637:Everts Q (14 March 2023). 6416:"Betahistine for tinnitus" 5990:Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5552:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018 5505:Clinical Psychology Review 3932:10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.004 2226:Clinical Psychology Review 1861:10.1002/9780470720677.ch11 1731:Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1371:Phantom vibration syndrome 1359:List of unexplained sounds 1349:Noise-induced hearing loss 1257:recommends against taking 581:Sensorineural hearing loss 365:, may result in tinnitus. 351:magnetic resonance imaging 296:noise-induced hearing loss 174:Noise-induced hearing loss 18: 8456: 8310: 8264: 8141: 8104: 8054: 8046:World Health Organization 8028: 8016: 7970: 7957:Occupational epidemiology 7942:Prevention through design 7893: 7800:Laboratory animal allergy 7725:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma 7700:Byssinosis ("brown lung") 7648: 7580: 7559: 7487: 7464: 7371: 7301: 7240:10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5 6611:George J (8 March 2023). 6580:Kwon D (7 October 2020). 6549:10.1517/14728210903206975 6506:Sweetman SC, ed. (2009). 6465:Otology & Neurotology 6432:10.1002/14651858.CD013093 6385:10.1007/s00405-015-3689-3 6262:10.1007/s00228-015-1805-3 6216:10.3390/healthcare9060779 5944:Frontiers in Neuroscience 5517:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.12.006 5429:10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.013 5175:Boles B (9 August 2016). 4859:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0451 4810:10.1007/s40134-017-0199-7 4798:Current Radiology Reports 4342:10.1007/s10162-008-0136-9 4118:Otology & Neurotology 4057:American Family Physician 3812:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3 3670:10.1007/s11936-996-0020-z 3576:10.1007/s40134-017-0199-7 3564:Current Radiology Reports 3478:McFerran D, Magdalena S. 3175:American Family Physician 3004:10.1002/9780470720677.ch9 2963:10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.004 2915:American Family Physician 2546:10.1080/14992020802301670 2479:10067/1273140151162165141 2273:10.2466/pms.1999.88.3.790 1338:Health effects from noise 1282: 1125:Sound-based interventions 833:carotid artery dissection 732:Benzodiazepine withdrawal 605:Superior canal dehiscence 527:may also cause tinnitus. 521:benzodiazepine withdrawal 396: 246: 228: 211: 169: 161: 151: 141: 121: 38: 33: 16:False perception of sound 8363:Hostile work environment 8343:Environmental toxicology 8236:Redundancy (engineering) 7850:Repetitive strain injury 7512:Patulous Eustachian tube 5957:10.3389/fnins.2018.00541 5706:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12 5694:Nature Reviews Neurology 5219:10.1177/2331216519885571 5044:10.1177/0194599814545325 4500:10.1044/2014_AJA-13-0037 4429:10.1044/2014_AJA-14-0010 4379:Progress in Neurobiology 3981:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.12 3969:Nature Reviews Neurology 3718:10.3389/fneur.2017.00177 3302:TiHKAL: the continuation 2308:British Medical Bulletin 2304:"Mechanisms of tinnitus" 1952:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00047 1911:10.31128/AJGP-12-17-4420 1743:10.1177/0194599819835178 881:patulous eustachian tube 847:, or more specifically, 739:caused by, for example, 546:Conductive hearing loss 425: 343:neurological examination 288:fight-or-flight response 8408:Quality of working life 8194:Administrative controls 7099:10.1136/adc.2009.168252 5906:10.1186/1472-6947-12-67 3920:Trends in Neurosciences 3434:Journal of Neuroimaging 1603:10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.11 1072:Several medicines have 302:. Other causes include 8003:Occupational therapist 7983:Industrial engineering 7775:Glassblower's cataract 7740:Decompression sickness 6672:Medical Device Network 6367:Lavigne P, Lavigne F, 5306:10.1080/00016480121545 5294:Acta Oto-Laryngologica 5143:10.3390/ijerph18179036 4144:10.1055/s-0042-1748040 4014:Acta Oto-Laryngologica 3705:Frontiers in Neurology 3487:Action on Hearing Loss 3218:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123 2540:(Suppl. 2): S106–111. 2357:10.1055/s-0042-1748497 2090:10.1055/s-0028-1095895 1894:"A review of tinnitus" 1332:Auditory hallucination 1221:In March 2023, the US 1050: 1032:Differential diagnosis 973:pure tone hearing test 682:Iron deficiency anemia 202:traumatic brain injury 8473:Occupational diseases 8438:Workers' compensation 7998:Occupational medicine 7860:Silo-filler's disease 7825:Mule spinners' cancer 7536:Middle ear barotrauma 7064:Ballantyne's Deafness 6910:Karolinska Institutet 6162:BMJ Clinical Evidence 6121:BMJ Clinical Evidence 6045:10.1056/NEJMcp1506631 1115:Relaxation techniques 1058:sound or noise levels 1048: 949:electronystagmography 837:arteriovenous fistula 600:Endolymphatic hydrops 409:Psychological effects 8533:Occupational hazards 8199:Engineering controls 8174:Emergency evacuation 7978:Environmental health 7745:De Quervain syndrome 7735:Concussions in sport 7529:Gradenigo's syndrome 7228:Textbook of Tinnitus 4096:10.1093/ije/18.4.911 3882:10.1155/2016/2830157 3480:"Pulsatile tinnitus" 3260:Handbook of vitamins 3212:(Suppl 1): 123–131. 2321:10.1093/bmb/63.1.195 1706:on 28 September 2021 1654:The Lancet Neurology 1244:Alternative medicine 1022:transcranial doppler 889:middle ear myoclonus 849:giant cell arteritis 655:Giant cell arteritis 472:somatosensory system 437:otoacoustic emission 369:counseling, such as 21:Tinitus (radio show) 8333:Effects of overtime 8216:Job safety analysis 8204:Hazard substitution 8169:Emergency procedure 7947:Exposure assessment 7932:Occupational stress 7925:Psychosocial hazard 7905:Occupational hazard 7770:Flock worker's lung 6938:on 1 December 2022. 6916:on 1 December 2022. 6586:Scientific American 5618:10.3766/jaaa.25.1.5 5253:. 12 November 2021. 4939:Bioelectromagnetics 4464:10.3766/jaaa.16.2.4 4242:2013PLoSO...882995B 4192:10.1155/2015/302515 2871:(38): 13452–13457. 2818:2012PLoSO...734878S 2302:Baguley DM (2002). 2267:(3 Pt 1): 790–792. 2078:Seminars in Hearing 1725:Salazar JW (2019). 1553:(9904): 1600–1607. 1129:The application of 745:cerebrospinal fluid 640:Chiari malformation 558:Middle ear effusion 554:Loud noise or music 443:Subjective tinnitus 217:Based on symptoms, 128:Otorhinolaryngology 8368:Indoor air quality 8272:Diving regulations 8189:Hazard elimination 8008:Safety engineering 7546:Perforated eardrum 7372:External resources 6998:10.1002/lary.26924 5472:10.1002/lary.21825 5104:www.carolenash.com 5038:(2 Suppl): S1–40. 4698:. Allyn and Bacon. 3863:Møller AR (2016). 3374:. 18 August 2021. 3141:10.2147/ndt.s10361 3095:Delanty N (2001). 2696:Discovery Medicine 1792:10.1002/lary.26107 1344:Hearing protection 1054:Prolonged exposure 1051: 1016:Pulsatile tinnitus 791:pulsatile tinnitus 785:Pulsatile tinnitus 776:Pediatric tinnitus 760:objective tinnitus 754:Objective tinnitus 645:Multiple sclerosis 531:Associated factors 385:Signs and symptoms 8505: 8504: 8418:Safety data sheet 8231:Operations manual 8112:Bangladesh Accord 8100: 8099: 7910:Biological hazard 7608: 7607: 7417: 7416: 7249:978-1-60761-144-8 7192:978-0-444-53167-4 7151:978-1-4051-9989-6 6517:978-0-85369-840-1 6039:(13): 1224–1231. 5758:10.3205/cto000131 5207:Trends in Hearing 5080:. 5 February 2019 5078:www.cdc.gov – CDC 4952:10.1002/bem.10163 4653:Ear & Hearing 4628:978-0-444-53167-4 4577:978-0-444-53167-4 4302:978-0-444-53167-4 3822:978-0-387-79947-6 3446:10.1111/jon.12986 3312:978-0-9630096-9-2 3270:978-1-4665-1557-4 3108:978-0-89603-827-1 3078:978-1-58562-295-5 3013:978-0-470-72067-7 2511:Tinnitus Handbook 2428:Tinnitus Handbook 2132:978-1-118-48870-6 2043:10.1002/phar.2478 2037:(12): 1265–1275. 1870:978-0-470-72067-7 1824:"Taming tinnitus" 1774:Bhatt JM (2016). 1423:978-0-444-62630-1 996:An assessment of 857:glomus tympanicum 795:vascular tinnitus 714:psychedelic drugs 698:Anxiety disorders 595:Ménière's disease 539:Ear problems and 312:Ménière's disease 254: 253: 223:neurological exam 213:Diagnostic method 186:Ménière's disease 28:Medical condition 8545: 8493: 8492: 8464: 8463: 8159:Contingency plan 8154:Code of practice 8026: 8025: 7820:Metal fume fever 7635: 7628: 7621: 7612: 7611: 7551:Tympanosclerosis 7524:Bezold's abscess 7444: 7437: 7430: 7421: 7420: 7299: 7298: 7277: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7171: 7119: 7118: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7024: 7018: 7017: 6992:(6): 1462–1468. 6986:The Laryngoscope 6981: 6975: 6974: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6934:. Archived from 6924: 6918: 6917: 6912:. Archived from 6902: 6896: 6895: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6850: 6833:(6): 1089–1094. 6818: 6812: 6811: 6801: 6784:(11): CD009832. 6769: 6763: 6762: 6744: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6696:(10): CD007946. 6689: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6560: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6443: 6411: 6405: 6404: 6379:(9): 2271–2278. 6364: 6358: 6357: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6228: 6218: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6177: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6095: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6028: 6017: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5969: 5959: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5918: 5908: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5867: 5856:10.1002/lio2.201 5835: 5829: 5828: 5818: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5769: 5737: 5728: 5727: 5717: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5668: 5651:(12): CD013094. 5636: 5630: 5629: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5483: 5466:(7): 1555–1564. 5460:The Laryngoscope 5451: 5442: 5441: 5431: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5379:"Drug Therapies" 5375: 5369: 5368: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5230: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5155: 5145: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5027: 5016: 5015: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4954: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4821: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4758: 4749: 4748: 4738: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4394: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4353: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4263: 4253: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4204: 4194: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4127: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3992: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3943: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3894: 3884: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3814: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3760:The Laryngoscope 3755: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3720: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3636: 3627:(6): 1324–1327. 3612: 3606: 3605: 3595: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3517:The Laryngoscope 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3495: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3465: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3372:Tinnitus And You 3364: 3355: 3354: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3297:"#36. 5-MEO-DET" 3285: 3279: 3278: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3237: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3153: 3143: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3092: 3083: 3082: 3062: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3032: 3026: 3025: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2974: 2942: 2931: 2930: 2910: 2899: 2898: 2888: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2839: 2829: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2750: 2739:10.1289/EHP11248 2718: 2712: 2711: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2662: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2481: 2458:Hearing Research 2455: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2399:(5): 1204–1235. 2388: 2377: 2376: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2323: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2026: 2015: 2014: 1997:(5): 1204–1235. 1986: 1975: 1974: 1964: 1954: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1913: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1803: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1754: 1722: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1702:. Archived from 1692: 1686: 1685: 1649: 1628: 1627: 1614: 1582: 1571: 1570: 1538: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1473:. 6 March 2017. 1459: 1436: 1435: 1401: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1158:control system. 1139:tinnitus maskers 610:Acoustic neuroma 486:external sound. 416:anxiety disorder 404: 375:Sound generators 332:emotional stress 237:sound generators 198:emotional stress 194:inner ear tumors 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 96: 93: 90: 87: 78: 77: 74: 73: 70: 67: 64: 61: 58: 55: 52: 31: 30: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8523:Psychoacoustics 8508: 8507: 8506: 8501: 8452: 8433:Toxic workplace 8413:Risk management 8306: 8260: 8241:Risk assessment 8137: 8096: 8050: 8021: 8012: 7966: 7920:Physical hazard 7915:Chemical hazard 7896: 7889: 7654: 7651: 7644: 7639: 7609: 7604: 7576: 7555: 7491: 7483: 7460: 7451:Diseases of the 7448: 7418: 7413: 7412: 7367: 7366: 7310: 7293:Tinnitus.org UK 7284: 7250: 7213: 7211: 7193: 7152: 7142:Wiley-Blackwell 7128: 7126:Further reading 7123: 7122: 7083: 7079: 7060: 7056: 7025: 7021: 6982: 6978: 6947: 6943: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6868: 6864: 6819: 6815: 6770: 6766: 6735:(3): CD003852. 6721: 6717: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6664: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6635: 6631: 6621: 6619: 6609: 6605: 6578: 6574: 6529: 6525: 6518: 6504: 6500: 6461: 6457: 6426:(8): CD013093. 6412: 6408: 6365: 6361: 6338: 6334: 6303:(7): CD007960. 6289: 6285: 6246: 6242: 6195: 6191: 6154: 6150: 6113: 6109: 6078:(9): CD003853. 6064: 6060: 6029: 6020: 5987: 5983: 5936: 5932: 5885: 5881: 5836: 5832: 5801:(3): CD007330. 5787: 5783: 5738: 5731: 5686: 5682: 5637: 5633: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5571: 5567: 5536: 5532: 5501: 5497: 5452: 5445: 5408: 5404: 5390: 5388: 5387:. 20 March 2015 5377: 5376: 5372: 5333: 5329: 5290: 5286: 5262: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5173: 5169: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5028: 5019: 4980: 4976: 4931: 4927: 4888: 4884: 4853:(26): 451–458. 4839: 4835: 4790: 4786: 4765:(9): CD005233. 4759: 4752: 4707: 4703: 4692: 4688: 4648: 4644: 4629: 4607: 4603: 4578: 4555: 4551: 4519: 4515: 4483: 4479: 4448: 4444: 4412: 4408: 4371: 4367: 4322: 4318: 4303: 4281: 4277: 4222: 4218: 4171: 4167: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4111: 4080: 4076: 4053: 4049: 4010: 4006: 3961: 3957: 3926:(12): 799–812. 3912: 3908: 3861: 3857: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3799: 3795: 3756: 3752: 3697: 3693: 3654: 3650: 3613: 3609: 3556: 3552: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3496:on 22 July 2018 3493: 3482: 3476: 3469: 3430: 3426: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3313: 3286: 3282: 3271: 3255: 3251: 3198: 3194: 3171: 3167: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3063: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3033: 3029: 3014: 2992: 2988: 2943: 2934: 2911: 2902: 2857: 2853: 2798: 2791: 2768: 2764: 2719: 2715: 2702:(42): 133–136. 2690:Chan Y (2009). 2688: 2684: 2643: 2636: 2617: 2613: 2573: 2569: 2530: 2526: 2507: 2503: 2453: 2447: 2443: 2424: 2420: 2389: 2380: 2341: 2337: 2300: 2296: 2257: 2253: 2222: 2218: 2187: 2183: 2148:Ear and Hearing 2144: 2140: 2133: 2119: 2115: 2070: 2066: 2031:Pharmacotherapy 2027: 2018: 1987: 1978: 1931: 1927: 1890: 1886: 1871: 1849: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1772: 1768: 1723: 1719: 1709: 1707: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1650: 1631: 1583: 1574: 1539: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1461: 1460: 1439: 1424: 1402: 1391: 1386: 1319:Medicine portal 1317: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1298: 1285: 1280: 1272: 1246: 1215: 1213:Neuromodulation 1201:Botulinum toxin 1191:anticonvulsants 1183:benzodiazepines 1175:antidepressants 1171: 1127: 1103: 1083: 1065:their hearing. 1043: 1034: 1018: 1006: 982: 980:Psychoacoustics 969: 945:medical imaging 941: 925: 923:Pathophysiology 861:glomus jugulare 822:atherosclerosis 799:atherosclerosis 787: 778: 756: 704:Other factors: 676: 573:Eustachian tube 533: 517:benzodiazepines 492: 445: 428: 411: 402: 399: 387: 347:medical imaging 264:comes from the 117: 84: 80: 49: 45: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8551: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8423:Source control 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8398:Process safety 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8358:Health physics 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8289: 8279: 8274: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8246:Safety culture 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8226:Permit To Work 8223: 8221:Lockout-tagout 8218: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8088: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8056: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8032: 8030: 8023: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7965: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7901: 7899: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7885:Writer's cramp 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7840:Pneumoconiosis 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7805:Lead poisoning 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7780:Golfer's elbow 7777: 7772: 7767: 7765:Fiddler's neck 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7720:Chronic stress 7717: 7712: 7707: 7705:Cardiovascular 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7659: 7646: 7645: 7638: 7637: 7630: 7623: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7584: 7582: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7504: 7498: 7496: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7474:Otitis externa 7470: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7447: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7424: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7399: 7388: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7353: 7342: 7327: 7311: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302:Classification 7296: 7295: 7290: 7283: 7282:External links 7280: 7279: 7278: 7248: 7223: 7191: 7172: 7150: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7093:(8): 645–648. 7077: 7054: 7035:(6): 431–434. 7019: 6976: 6957:(3): 363–369. 6941: 6919: 6908:(in Swedish). 6897: 6878:(2): 239–248. 6862: 6813: 6764: 6715: 6684: 6655: 6629: 6603: 6572: 6543:(4): 687–702. 6523: 6516: 6498: 6471:(7): 820–828. 6455: 6406: 6359: 6332: 6283: 6256:(3): 263–270. 6240: 6189: 6148: 6107: 6058: 6018: 5981: 5930: 5879: 5850:(6): 434–438. 5830: 5781: 5729: 5700:(3): 150–160. 5680: 5631: 5596: 5565: 5530: 5511:(4): 545–553. 5495: 5443: 5422:(4): 667–683. 5402: 5370: 5343:(3): 198–212. 5327: 5300:(5): 569–572. 5284: 5273:(6): 601–636. 5256: 5242: 5193: 5167: 5116: 5091: 5065: 5017: 4990:(6): 621–628. 4984:Health Physics 4974: 4925: 4898:(5): 348–357. 4882: 4833: 4784: 4750: 4721:(2): 112–121. 4701: 4686: 4659:(2): 153–176. 4642: 4627: 4601: 4576: 4549: 4530:(5): 388–393. 4513: 4494:(4): 420–436. 4477: 4442: 4423:(4): 402–419. 4406: 4365: 4336:(4): 417–435. 4316: 4301: 4275: 4236:(12): e82995. 4216: 4165: 4138:(3): 138–155. 4122: 4109: 4090:(4): 911–917. 4074: 4063:(1): 120–126. 4047: 4020:(7): 553–557. 4004: 3975:(3): 150–160. 3955: 3906: 3855: 3828: 3821: 3793: 3750: 3691: 3664:(3): 249–253. 3648: 3607: 3550: 3523:(7): 892–895. 3507: 3467: 3440:(3): 400–411. 3424: 3389: 3356: 3338: 3311: 3280: 3269: 3249: 3192: 3181:(1): 120–106. 3165: 3114: 3107: 3084: 3077: 3054: 3039:. Stason.org. 3027: 3012: 2986: 2957:(4): 543–553. 2932: 2921:(2): 106–113. 2900: 2851: 2789: 2778:(3): 186–192. 2762: 2713: 2682: 2660:10.1.1.22.2488 2653:(6): 351–362. 2634: 2611: 2584:(3): 177–188. 2567: 2524: 2501: 2441: 2418: 2378: 2351:(5): 261–272. 2335: 2294: 2251: 2232:(7): 977–990. 2216: 2197:(8): 711–718. 2181: 2154:(3): 407–412. 2138: 2131: 2113: 2084:(4): 361–370. 2064: 2016: 1976: 1925: 1904:(4): 205–208. 1884: 1869: 1843: 1840:. 17 May 2021. 1829: 1815: 1786:(2): 466–469. 1766: 1717: 1687: 1660:(9): 920–930. 1629: 1572: 1488: 1437: 1422: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1365:Safe listening 1362: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1268: 1245: 1242: 1214: 1211: 1170: 1167: 1126: 1123: 1102: 1099: 1082: 1079: 1042: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1017: 1014: 1005: 1002: 981: 978: 968: 965: 940: 937: 924: 921: 897:tensor tympani 853:paragangliomas 826:carotid artery 786: 783: 777: 774: 755: 752: 751: 750: 749: 748: 734: 729: 728: 727: 722: 710: 702: 701: 700: 695: 686: 685: 684: 679: 674: 664: 659: 658: 657: 652: 647: 642: 631: 630: 629: 628: 627: 621: 619:lead poisoning 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 586: 578: 577: 576: 570: 565: 560: 555: 552: 550:Acoustic shock 532: 529: 491: 488: 453:auditory nerve 444: 441: 427: 424: 410: 407: 398: 395: 386: 383: 304:ear infections 252: 251: 248: 244: 243: 230: 226: 225: 215: 209: 208: 178:ear infections 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 149: 148: 145: 139: 138: 125: 119: 118: 116: 115: 42: 40: 36: 35: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8550: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8498: 8497: 8488: 8484: 8483:Organizations 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8459: 8458: 8455: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8403:Public health 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8296:United States 8293: 8290: 8287: 8286:United States 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8164:Diving safety 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029:International 8027: 8024: 8022:organizations 8019: 8015: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7895:Occupational 7892: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7865:Sports injury 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7810:Low back pain 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7760:Farmer's lung 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7653: 7650:Occupational 7647: 7643: 7636: 7631: 7629: 7624: 7622: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7502:Cholesteatoma 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7452: 7445: 7440: 7438: 7433: 7431: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7222: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7129: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6673: 6669: 6662: 6660: 6644: 6640: 6633: 6618: 6617:MedPage Today 6614: 6607: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6527: 6519: 6513: 6509: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6363: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6193: 6185: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5926: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5734: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5163: 5159: 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Retrieved 1466: 1405: 1377:Zwicker tone 1299: 1286: 1278:Epidemiology 1273: 1248: 1247: 1227: 1220: 1216: 1205: 1199: 1172: 1160: 1144:hearing loss 1135:hearing aids 1128: 1104: 1095:hearing aids 1087:talk therapy 1084: 1071: 1067: 1052: 1035: 1019: 1010: 1007: 995: 991: 983: 970: 961: 957: 953:otosclerosis 942: 934: 930:hearing loss 926: 912: 885:otosclerosis 869:facial nerve 835:), or dural 814:jugular bulb 803: 794: 790: 788: 779: 768: 759: 757: 741:encephalitis 568:Otosclerosis 541:hearing loss 534: 514: 507: 504: 496:hearing loss 493: 490:Hearing loss 479:neuroplastic 476: 469: 461:neurological 446: 429: 420: 412: 400: 388: 379:hearing aids 371:talk therapy 367: 336: 316:brain tumors 292: 283:hearing loss 280: 268: 261: 256: 255: 241:hearing aids 204:, excessive 190:brain tumors 25: 8328:Drug policy 8265:Legislation 7971:Professions 7795:Indium lung 7690:Brucellosis 7685:Berylliosis 7519:Mastoiditis 7381:MedlinePlus 7134:Andersson G 7132:Baguley D, 6963:11655/17046 6643:Drug Topics 5589:20 December 5546:: 105–121. 5337:Drug Safety 5100:"Bike news" 3405:: 147–149. 3134:: 209–218. 2464:: 255–265. 2314:: 195–212. 1195:betahistine 1179:acamprosate 1169:Medications 1162:Neuromonics 1156:hearing aid 998:hyperacusis 865:hemangiomas 689:Psychiatric 669:disorders: 650:Head injury 636:disorders: 626:medications 589:Presbycusis 575:dysfunction 483:homeostatic 433:stethoscope 355:stethoscope 324:head injury 300:presbycusis 162:Usual onset 8512:Categories 8428:Toxic tort 8378:Job strain 8348:Ergonomics 8323:Break room 7845:Radium jaw 7835:Phossy jaw 7710:Chalicosis 7680:Barotrauma 7670:Asbestosis 7489:Middle ear 7479:Otomycosis 7458:middle ear 7403:Patient UK 7357:DiseasesDB 7258:2010934377 7214:5 November 7201:2012471552 7160:2012032714 6508:Martindale 6209:(6): 779. 6203:Healthcare 6158:"Tinnitus" 6117:"Tinnitus" 6014:PMC7390392 3331:27 October 3047:26 October 1945:(47): 47. 1710:20 January 1547:The Lancet 1543:"Tinnitus" 1463:"Tinnitus" 1384:References 1207:Caroverine 1133:by either 1081:Management 1041:Prevention 877:Middle ear 845:vasculitis 806:middle ear 708:Vasculitis 694:Depression 691:disorders 677:deficiency 634:Neurologic 465:hair cells 457:otological 349:, such as 276:depression 233:Counseling 8518:Audiology 8149:Checklist 8117:ISO 45001 8105:Standards 7855:Silicosis 7665:Acrodynia 7593:pneumatic 7466:Outer ear 7392:eMedicine 7274:724696022 7270:771366370 7266:695388693 7209:648331153 7168:712915603 7072:275152841 6971:695291085 6759:205171459 5899:(1): 67. 5752:: Doc04. 5398:symptoms. 5322:218879738 5060:206468767 4385:: 17–33. 4042:218635840 3727:1664-2295 3584:2167-4825 3462:247584230 3293:Shulgin A 3289:Shulgin A 2655:CiteSeerX 2629:237191959 2496:205103174 2059:224828345 1327:Audiology 1270:Prognosis 1259:melatonin 1187:melatonin 1062:ear plugs 1024:(TCD) or 967:Audiology 939:Diagnosis 901:inner ear 893:stapedial 873:cavernous 810:inner ear 764:myoclonus 720:5-MeO-DET 673:Vitamin B 667:Metabolic 525:bupropion 449:inner ear 363:inner ear 339:audiogram 247:Frequency 229:Treatment 219:audiogram 136:neurology 132:audiology 123:Specialty 8538:Symptoms 8478:Journals 8467:Category 8393:Overwork 8311:See also 8064:(Canada) 8055:National 8018:Agencies 7880:Tinnitus 7750:Erethism 7657:injuries 7652:diseases 7588:Otoscope 7567:Ear pain 7560:Symptoms 7408:Tinnitus 7232:Springer 7183:Elsevier 7115:34443303 7107:20371585 7014:24633085 7006:29094364 6892:12856294 6857:21808880 6808:27879981 6751:23543524 6710:21975776 6567:19712015 6493:23675169 6485:27273401 6450:30908589 6401:36037973 6393:26100030 6369:Saliba I 6354:24049842 6327:21735419 6278:16466238 6270:25597877 6235:34205776 6184:25328113 6168:: 0506. 6143:21726476 6102:22972065 6053:29601255 6006:23152235 5976:30177869 5925:22781312 5874:30599026 5825:20238353 5776:28025604 5724:26868680 5675:30589445 5626:24622861 5583:Archived 5560:25193001 5525:21237544 5490:21671234 5438:32381341 5365:23522352 5314:11583387 5279:21796866 5237:31747526 5162:34501628 5084:26 March 5052:25273878 5012:37236570 5004:17495664 4961:14628312 4920:22964919 4912:22552697 4877:23885280 4828:28203490 4804:(1): 5. 4779:20824844 4745:22789414 4673:22156949 4637:17956815 4596:17956816 4544:11678946 4508:25478787 4472:15807048 4437:25104073 4401:24012803 4360:18712566 4311:17956813 4270:24349414 4230:PLOS ONE 4211:26583098 4160:34933069 4152:10755810 4069:14727828 4034:32406274 3999:26868680 3950:27871729 3901:26977153 3875:: 1–13. 3850:14763234 3788:20886638 3745:28503164 3678:15096317 3643:15956490 3602:28203490 3570:(1): 5. 3545:33725476 3454:35307901 3419:29224758 3376:Archived 3351:Archived 3325:Archived 3321:38503252 3295:(1997). 3275:Archived 3244:10698728 3187:14727828 3160:20628627 3041:Archived 2981:32334867 2927:24444578 2895:21940438 2846:22529949 2806:PLOS ONE 2757:36722980 2708:19833060 2677:10609479 2606:24297897 2598:23301660 2562:19389202 2554:19012118 2519:42771695 2488:26342399 2436:42771695 2413:16411806 2373:18675226 2365:10331618 2330:12324394 2289:41610361 2281:10407886 2246:12238249 2211:20670725 2176:23601127 2168:20124901 2108:19183705 2051:33080070 2011:16411806 1971:22701404 1920:29621860 1810:27301552 1761:30909841 1700:ENT kent 1682:13402806 1674:23948178 1621:19513328 1567:23827090 1475:Archived 1432:25726282 1305:See also 1296:Children 1074:ototoxic 1056:to loud 1004:Severity 829:aneurysm 624:Ototoxic 509:Ototoxic 502:injury. 500:cochlear 403:duration 262:tinnitus 257:Tinnitus 143:Symptoms 34:Tinnitus 8496:Commons 8076:(Spain) 8070:(Italy) 7897:hygiene 7695:Burnout 7494:mastoid 7397:ent/235 7351:D014012 7221:Alt URL 7049:3815868 6848:3129953 6827:Clinics 6799:6464312 6677:23 July 6648:23 July 6622:23 July 6558:2832848 6441:6513648 6318:6599822 6226:8235102 6175:4202663 6134:2907768 6093:7156891 5967:6109754 5950:: 541. 5916:3534499 5865:6302723 5816:7209976 5767:5169077 5715:4895692 5666:6517157 5481:3477633 5391:3 March 5357:8934581 5228:6868580 5186:22 July 5153:8431046 5109:28 June 4969:9813447 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