Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.

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that the only way of stopping the coup would be to inform Diem which officers had been plotting against him which would "make traitors out of us" and destroy the "civilian and military leadership needed to carry the war ... to its successful conclusion" as Diem would have the rebel officers all shot. Lodge told Kennedy that when the coup started, he would grant asylum to Diem and the rest of the Ngo family should they ask for it, but felt that to stop the coup would be interference in South Vietnam's internal affairs. Lodge also argued that the money should be "discreetly" provided to the plotters to "buy off potential opposition" and for the United States to immediately recognize a post-Diem government. Finally, he argued that was needed for South Vietnam was "nation-building". Lodge wrote: "My general view is that the United States is trying bring this medieval country into the twentieth century ... We have made considerable progress in military and economic ways, but to gain victory we must also bring them into the twentieth century politically, and that can only be done by either a thoroughgoing change in the behaviour of the present government or another government". Faced with stark warnings from Lodge that the majority of the South Vietnamese people hated the Ngo family and there no possibility of a victory over the Viet Cong as long as Diem continued in power, Kennedy changed his mind yet again. More importantly, Kennedy had learned that Nhu had opened negotiations with the Viet Cong for a ceasefire, apparently as a way of pressuring the Americans not to abandon the Diem regime, but which had the effect of persuading the president that the Ngo brothers were going soft on the Communists. In his final message to Lodge, Kennedy wrote: "If you should conclude that there is not clearly a high prospect of success, you should communicate this doubt to the generals in a way calculated to persuade them to desist at least until chances are better ... But once a coup under responsible leadership has begun ... it is in the interest of the U.S. government that it should succeed". Kennedy had essentially abdicated responsibility by leaving the final decision about whatever to back a coup to Lodge, who had no doubts in his mind that a coup was the best course of action.

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largest Buddhist temple in Saigon, was stormed shortly after midnight by the Special Forces, who proceeded to smash up and loot the temple while arresting 400 monks and nuns. The news that the all-Catholic Special Forces had desecrated Buddhist temples and assaulted and sometimes killed monks and nuns outraged the Buddhist majority and noticeably, many of the young people participating in the marches came from the middle and upper-class families that previously formed the bedrock of support for Diem. Thrust into the crisis, Lodge received a cable from Kennedy demanding to know what was going on, and in his reply Lodge wrote that Nhu had ordered the raids "probably" with the "full support" of his older brother. In his first press conference, Lodge gave a roistering talk about the freedom of the press, earning cheers from the reporters who resented Nolting's attempts to silence them. Many of the journalists described the tall, handsome and urbane Lodge, speaking in an authoritative manner with an upper-class New England accent, as the perfect embodiment of what an American ambassador should be. Knowing that Lodge had been sent to Saigon to be tough with Diem, some of the reporters taunted South Vietnamese officials present by saying: "Our new mandarin is going to lick your old mandarin". One of Lodge's first acts as ambassador was to visit the Agency for International Development (AID) office in Saigon, where two Buddhist monks had taken refuge, and whom he agreed to grant asylum to. When Lodge learned that the two monks were vegetarians, following the precepts of the Buddha who proclaimed all killing was immoral, the ambassador ordered the AID workers to bring them only vegetables and fruits.

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the rebel generals while at the same time the pseudo-coup makers would murder several American advisers and proclaim on the radio station that a "revolutionary government" had come to power, which would tar the real rebel generals with the charge of being pro-Communist. Afterwards, Bravo II would begin with Colonel Tung's Special Forces marching into Saigon to restore Diem's authority and kill all enemies of the Ngo family. Thinking that General Dinh was still loyal, Nhu informed him of his Bravo plans, which the former then revealed to the plotters. Dinh agreed to take part in Nhu's Bravo plan, and told officers loyal to Diem that they would be pretended to be taking part in a coup. On November 1, 1963, at about 10 am, Lodge visited the Gia Long Palace to meet Diem who gave him a two-hour-long lecture about American ingratitude towards his regime. At about noon, Lodge returned to the embassy for lunch. At about 1 pm, the coup began with many officers thinking that they were only taking part in the first plan. However, at a meeting of senior officers, General Đôn announced that the coup was, in fact, real, and invited them to join it; with the exception of Colonel Tung, all stood up and applauded. General Minh ordered his bodyguard, Captain Nguyen Van Nhung, to take Colonel Tung outside and have him shot. Both the Ngo brothers spent the afternoon at the cellar of the Gia Long Palace, confident and relaxed, expecting their Bravo plan were working out perfectly and only at about 3:30 pm, did they first suspect that they had been betrayed.

1491:, sent Lodge a cable on October 25 saying that the United States should abandon the coup if there were "poor prospects of success". Lodge in reply maintained "it seems at least an even bet that the next government would not bungle and fumble as the present one has". Lodge also argued to stop a coup would be to take on "an undue responsibility for keeping the incumbents in office", which was a "judgment over the affairs of Vietnam". In the next sentence, he ignored his principle of noninterference in South Vietnamese internal affairs by suggesting that in a post-Diem cabinet should include Tran Quoc Buu, a trade union leader who had long been funded by the CIA, and the Buddhist leader Tri Quang, who had impressed Lodge with his anticommunism. On October 28, Diem asked for the entire diplomatic corps to attend a press conference at the Saigon airport, where he talked about his plans to bring nuclear energy to South Vietnam. During the conference, General Đôn was able to speak to Lodge privately and asked him bluntly who spoke for the United States: Harkins or Conein? Lodge answered that it was the latter and to ignore Harkins. The same day, Lodge sent a dispatch to Kennedy saying a coup was "imminent", and that he would have only four hours notice before the coup started, which "rules out my checking with you". 1537:, the Chinese district of Saigon that formed a city within the city as Cholon was a vast, sprawling district of labyrinth streets where the majority of people spoke Cantonese or Mandarin. Lodge attempted to get into touch with Diem with the aim of arranging for him to go into exile, but it was unclear just where he was, as Diem in his phone calls from Cholon kept making out that he was still at the Gia Long Palace. Finally, Diem revealed in a phone call to Đôn that he and his brother were at Saint Francis Xavier, a Catholic church in Cholon, and was willing to go into exile provided he, his brother and their families were promised safe conduct. Despite the promise of safe conduct, the Ngo brothers were shot in the armored personnel carrier that was supposed to take them to the airport. Lodge invited the generals to the embassy to congratulate them for what he saw as a job well done. In a cable to Kennedy, he wrote: "The prospects now are for a shorter war". 1113: 1495:

between the ambassador's thinking and mine". Attending the NSC meeting was Kennedy's younger brother, Attorney General and right-hand man, Robert Kennedy, who argued that backing a coup "risks so much" and stated that the most important thing was keeping the Communists out of power, which led him to back Diem. As his younger brother was the president's most influential adviser, Kennedy changed his mind and decided against the coup. Writing on behalf of Kennedy, Bundy sent a message to Lodge warning the possibility of a civil war between pro-Diem and anti-Diem forces "could be serious or even disastrous for U.S. interests". Lodge was ordered to have Conein tell Đôn that "we do not find that the presently revealed plans give a clear prospect of quick results" and to put Harkins in charge of the embassy in Saigon when the ambassador was due to leave shortly for a meeting in Washington.

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be aware that the four leading plotters did not command any troops. In Saigon, there were the Special Forces led by Colonel Le Quang Tung, a Catholic who was intensely loyal to the Ngo family and there was the regular Saigon garrison, commanded by General Ton That Dinh, a man of uncertain loyalties. Dinh had to be persuaded to join the conspiracy for the coup to work, but Lodge, who kept pressing for action, bitterly wrote that the conspirators had "neither the will nor the organization ... to accomplish anything". General Dinh, a bombastic man with a colossal ego had painted himself as a Diem loyalist, calling a press conference to boast that he had smashed a conspiracy of Communists, Buddhists and "foreign adventurers" (i.e. Americans) to overthrow President Diem. Dinh told the press conference: "I have defeated Henry Cabot Lodge. He came here to stage a

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for his part was a man of dynamic energy and immense ambition who very much wanted to be president, and believed that if he was successful as an ambassador to an important American ally in the middle of a crisis, that would help his presidential ambitions. After losing the 1960 election, Lodge had retired to private life, serving as the director-general of the Atlantic Institute in Paris that served to promote Atlanticism, a role that in political terms had side-lined him to the margins of American life. When Kennedy asked Lodge if he was willing to serve as an ambassador, Lodge replied: "If you need me, of course, I want to do it". But first, Lodge had to consult his wife and his friend, Eisenhower. Emily Lodge was very supportive of her husband's decision while Eisenhower warned against it. Eisenhower told Lodge that Kennedy offered Republicans like

1552:, the coup sparked a rapid succession of leaders in South Vietnam, each unable to rally and unify their people and in turn overthrown by someone new. These frequent changes in leadership caused political instability in the South, since no strong, centralized and permanent government was in place to govern the nation, while the Viet Minh stepped up their infiltration of the Southern populace and their pace of attacks in the South. Having supported the coup against President Diem, Lodge then realized it had caused the situation in the region to deteriorate, and he suggested to the State Department that South Vietnam should be made to relinquish its independence and become a protectorate of the United States (like the former status of the 1767: 1458:, invited him to join him in "inspection tour" of the provincial towns of South Vietnam in September 1963. The "inspection tour" was just merely an excuse to engage in drinking binges and to visit the best brothels in the provinces as drinking and having sex with prostitutes were two favourite forms of activity for South Vietnam's generals. In course of this binge of drinking and sex, Đôn played on Dinh's ego, saying that a "national hero" like him should be in the cabinet, which showed Diem's rank ingratiate. The trick worked, and Dinh then consulted his favourite fortune-teller to ask his future held; unaware that Đôn had bribed the fortune teller, he was told that he was destined for high office soon. 10292: 1703:, then leader of the Republican Party's conservative faction. However, Lodge (who refused to become an open candidate) did not fare as well in later primaries, and Goldwater ultimately won the presidential nomination. Like most liberal Republicans, Lodge opposed Goldwater, particularly his proposal to realign the Democratic and Republican parties into Liberal and Conservative parties, calling it "abhorrent", and felt that nobody should oppose the aid of the federal government in helping Americans. At one point during the convention, Lodge was confronted by a staunch Goldwater supporter who called him terrible for opposing Goldwater. In reply, Lodge said: "You're terrible, too." 1478:, asked him how the plot was going. Knowing that Taylor was a Diem supporter, Minh answered that he knew nothing of any plans for a coup, which the former then repeated to Kennedy. On the basis of this, Kennedy cabled Lodge on October 2 to say: "No initiative should now be taken to give any covert encouragement to a coup. There should, however, be an urgent effort ... to identify and build contacts with possible alternatives leadership as and when it appears". On October 5, Lodge cabled back to Kennedy that he learned that the generals were finally ready to proceed, having won over Dinh. The CIA officer, 5990: 1406:

much to Lodge's frustration. In an attempt to prod the president into making up his mind, on August 29 Lodge wrote in a cable: "We are launched on a course from where there is no respectable turning back: the overthrow of the Diem government. There is no turning back because U.S. prestige is already publicly committed to this end in large measure, and will become more so as the facts leak out. In a more fundamental sense, there is no turning back because there is no possibility, in my view, that the war can be won under a Diem administration". In a dispatch to the Secretary of State,

5703: 4578: 1569: 1346:, who all wrote that the Diem regime was corrupt and unpopular. The heavy-handed efforts to silence the anti-Diệm journalists reflected badly on the Kennedy administration, with the president complaining he was now being criticized for Nolting's actions. On June 27, 1963, Kennedy named Lodge as his ambassador to South Vietnam. Lodge had visited Vietnam as a newsman in the 1930s, and though he spoke no Vietnamese, he was fluent in French, a language widely used by the South Vietnamese elite. More importantly, Kennedy was haunted by the way that the " 1386:

of the armed forces. Kennedy believed that the principal problem was not Diem, but Nhu, who had emerged as the leader of a hardline, ultra-Catholic faction that was spoiling for a fight with the Buddhists. At one point, to get Nhu out of South Vietnam, a plan emerged to offer Nhu (who fancied himself an intellectual, being very committed to a Catholic philosophy called Personalism) a professorship of philosophy at Harvard, which however was foiled when the Harvard professor of economics serving with the Kennedy administration,

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to Concord, New Hampshire. The organization acquired a mailing list of 96,000 Republican voters which successfully established a base for Lodge in New Hampshire. Footage of former President Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for vice president in 1960 was used in TV commercials and portrayed as Eisenhower endorsing Lodge for president. Three days before the March 10 New Hampshire primary Goldwater chose to stop campaigning in the state as he predicted a victory for himself with a substantial number of votes for Lodge.

5470: 1712: 1410:, Lodge wrote: "I believe the government suspects us of trying to engineer a coup". Nhu was the leader of a secret political party, the Can Lao, that had thoroughly infiltrated all of the organs of the South Vietnamese state, and furthermore, the Can Lao members kept surveillance on the Americans in South Vietnam. From the intelligence provided by the Can Lao, Nhu had a general idea from late August 1963 on that there was a plot against his brother and that the Americans were in contact with the plotters. 5764: 1699:. His entire campaign was organized by a small band of political amateurs working independently of the ambassador, who, believing they had little hope of winning him any delegates, did nothing to aid their efforts. However, when they scored the New Hampshire upset, Lodge, along with the press and Republican party leaders, suddenly began to seriously consider his candidacy. Many observers remarked on the situation's similarity to 1952, when Eisenhower had unexpectedly defeated Senator 5934: 1487:

plotting a coup and that if he knew what was best for him to cancel it. Đôn was so upset about this apparent betrayal by the United States that he cancelled the coup which was scheduled for October 26. The conflict between Lodge and Harkins also extended to Kennedy as the latter continued to send messages to the president warning against the coup while the former continued to press for it. Kennedy, who had grown increasingly nervous and hesitant, had his National Security Adviser,

1430:, to advance this plan, which notably both Diem and Ho Chi Minh, accepted in principle. The North Vietnamese stated that provided that the Americans pulled their forces out of South Vietnam and stopped supporting Diem, then they would accept de Gaulle's peace plan and stop trying to overthrow Diem. Lodge for his part was opposed to the Franco-Polish-Indian peace plan, as he saw the proposed neutralization of South Vietnam as no different from Communist control of South Vietnam. 1401:, was both inept and corrupt and that South Vietnam was headed for disaster unless Diem reformed his administration or was replaced. Lodge supported an analysis by John Richardson, the CIA station chief in Saigon that the Diem regime had now "reached the point of no return". When Lodge was asked by a reporter why he had not visited the Gia Long Palace for weeks, he replied: "They have not done anything I asked. They know I want. Why should I keep asking?" However, General 1676: 1835: 5404: 1442:. later wrote Lodge was "a strong man with the bit between his teeth" whom Kennedy could not manage. By contrast, Karnow speculated that Kennedy having embraced and praised Diem preferred that the "messy job" of overthrowing him be contracted out to Lodge, all the more so as there was always the possibility that the coup might fail, in which case the president would blame a "rogue ambassador". On September 2, Kennedy in a television interview with 5833: 1152:. Nixon finally settled on Lodge in the mistaken hope that Lodge's presence on the ticket would force Kennedy to divert time and resources to securing his Massachusetts base, but Kennedy won his home state handily. Nixon also felt that the name Lodge had made for himself in the United Nations as a foreign policy expert would prove useful against the relatively inexperienced Kennedy. Nixon and Lodge lost the election in a razor-thin vote. 5414: 5944: 1186: 1545:, visited South Vietnam where he reported the American team in Saigon "lacks leadership, has been poorly informed and is not working to a common plan". McNamara described a dysfunctional atmosphere at the embassy as Lodge was still feuding with Harkins and had blocked him from using the embassy's cable room to communicate with Washington. Lodge distrusted the diplomats at the embassy, and was noted for his secretive ways. 1372:

distinguished mandarin family as both men were too used to having others defer to them to accept an equal. Lodge gave Diem a list of reforms to carry out such as his dismissing Nhu; silencing his abrasive and bombastic wife, Madame Nhu; bring to trial the officials responsible for the massacre in Hue on May 8; and provide for greater religious tolerance, all of which were anathema to him. Lodge later told the journalist

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read as if all committee members agreed that McCarthy was at fault and that there was no Communist infiltration of the State Department. Lodge stated "I shall not attempt to characterize these methods of leaving out of the printed text parts of the testimony and proceedings ... because I think they speak for themselves." Lodge soon fell out with McCarthy and joined the effort to reduce McCarthy's influence.

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Lodge seems to have lost interest in Vietnam as he became increasingly lethargic in performing his duties as ambassador. After his high hopes that Diem's removal would spark improvements, he reported that the new leader, General Dương Văn Minh, was a "good, well intentioned man", but asked "Will he be strong enough to get on top of things?" In December 1963, the Secretary of Defense,

1078:. Lodge often appeared on television "talking tough" to Soviet diplomats, and famously responded to the charge that the United States was responsible for aggression around the world by saying: "Membership in the United Nations gives every member the right to make a fool of himself, and that is the right of which the Soviet Union, in this case, has taken full advantage of." 1070:), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. As he famously said about it, "This organization is created to prevent you from going to hell. It isn't created to take you to heaven." Since then, no one has even approached his record of seven and a half years as ambassador to the UN. During his time as UN Ambassador, Lodge supported the 1012:, the candidate of the party's conservative faction. Taft favored a quasi-isolationist foreign policy, being opposed to American membership in NATO and the United Nations, and Lodge wanted Eisenhower to run in order to pull the GOP away from Taft's ideology. Gossip talk of the day said that he reportedly declined an offer to be Ike's running mate. 1085:, when Britain and France became concerned about the US being involved in the aggression, Lodge (as US Ambassador to the United Nations) threatened to withdraw US support to Britain on Egypt and Cyprus, and to France on Tunisia and Morocco, unless they backed the US in their action. When the government was overthrown, the 1414:

much on us as them". Lodge warned that to allow Diem to continue would lead to a popular revolt that would bring in a "pro-Communist or at best neutralist set of politicians ... Our help to the regime in past years inescapably gives us a responsibility that we cannot avoid". At the same time, the French president,

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thwart" a coup, a formula that Kennedy embraced as it allowed to maintain to others and perhaps to his conscience as well that he had not promised to support a coup against Diem. Lodge himself later used this line as a defence against criticism, saying he did not promise to support a coup, only "not thwart" it.

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who had filled Lodge's seat after his resignation to join World War Two, along with Sally Saltonstall, Caroline Williams, and David Goldberg opened a Lodge for President office in Boston, but in 1964 was forced to shut down after failing to prove any affiliation with Lodge. However, Grindle relocated

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On October 29, Kennedy called a meeting of the National Security Council (NSC) to discuss what to do. Taylor read out several messages from Harkins who argued that Diem should be back as "we are gaining in the contest" against the Viet Cong. Harkins also wrote: "There is a basic difference apparently

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to gather more facts to help him decide. McNamara and Taylor painted a mostly favourable picture of Vietnam under Diem, saying that war would be over by 1965 if Diem continued with his current policies. Taylor over a tennis match at the Cercle Sportif sports club with one of the conspirators, General

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Unknown to Lodge, the Ngo brothers had learned of the conspiracy and Nhu had developed a complex plan to stage a pseudo-coup to find out just who were the plotters were. Nhu's plan consisted of two stages. The first was Bravo I with Diem loyalists pretending to stage a coup, which would be joined by

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Lodge, who was eager for the coup to start as soon as possible, found the rebel generals to be a dilatory lot, who preferred to party, drink and womanize rather than plan a coup. Lodge wrote that getting the rebel generals to move was like "pushing a piece of spaghetti". However, Lodge seemed not to

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and Robert McNamara only the more difficult jobs that might damage their reputations, and was convinced that Kennedy had offered the ambassadorship as a way of ruining his reputation. Despite Eisenhower's advice not to accept the ambassadorship, Lodge told him that he felt it was his patriotic duty

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Kennedy had chosen Lodge because he knew he would accept. The Cabot-Lodges were one of the most distinguished Boston Brahmin families with a long history of public service, and that given his pride in his family's history, Lodge would never turn down an opportunity to serve the United States. Lodge

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In July 1950, the record of the committee hearing was printed, and Lodge was outraged to find that 35 pages were not included. Lodge noted that his objections to the conduct of the hearing and his misgivings about the inadequacy of vetting suspected traitors were missing, and that the edited version

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At the same time, Lodge and General Harkins waged a struggle against one another with both men leaking unflattering information about the other to the press. At a reception at the British Embassy on October 22, Harkins pulled aside one of the leading conspirators, General Đôn, to say he knew he was

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of the Military Assistance Advisory Group-Vietnam, was a staunch admirer of Diem, and sent back reports to Washington over a "backchannel" that argued that Diem had the situation well under control and there was no need for a coup. Faced with conflicting information, Kennedy vacillated and waffled,

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In an attempt to pressure Diem, Lodge had the Vietnamese channel of the Voice of America radio station run a program absolving the South Vietnamese Army of any responsibility for the raids on the Buddhist temples, stating the raids were the work only of the Special Forces, which were another branch

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The choice of Lodge proved to be questionable. He did not carry his home state for Nixon. Also, some conservative Republicans charged that Lodge had cost the ticket votes, particularly in the South, by his pledge (made without Nixon's approval) that if elected, Nixon would name at least one African

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and returned to the Senate. He soon emerged as a spokesman for the moderate, internationalist wing of the Republican Party. After World War II, which Lodge believed was in part caused by American isolationism, he came to advocate internationalism, saying: "The ideal of a provincial nation has given

1750:(1968–1969). In 1969, when his former running mate Richard M. Nixon finally became president, Nixon having decided not to reselect him as his running mate, he was appointed by President Nixon to serve as head of the American delegation at the Paris peace negotiations, and he served occasionally as 1498:

Lodge ignored this order from Bundy, stating in his reply that to have Harkins in charge of the embassy during an event "so profoundly political as a change of government" would violate the principle that the serving officers of the U.S. armed forces must always be non-political. He further argued

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met with General Minh who asked that the United States "not thwart" a coup and promise to continue to provide the aid worth about $ 500 million per year after Diem was overthrown. Lodge seized upon Minh's remark to argue to Kennedy that the United States should promise that it "will not attempt to

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Lodge, noting that the South Vietnamese Army was completely reliant upon American military aid, demanded that Kennedy halt all such aid as long as Diem was president, and to make an "all-out effort" to have the mutinous generals "move promptly", as the outcome of the coup would depend "at least as

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On August 22, 1963, Lodge landed in Saigon, a city that was in turmoil with much of the population marching in protests demanding Diem's resignation as the previous night, Nhu had ordered his Special Forces to raid and sack Buddhist temples all over South Vietnam. In Saigon, the Xa Loi Temple, the

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Despite their defeat in 1960 neither Nixon's nor Lodge's national profiles were damaged with both being speculated candidates for the 1964 presidential election and Lodge's was greatly improved with him being mentioned on the "Most Admired Men" list in 1962 and received mentions to be included in

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On November 24, 1963, two days after Kennedy's assassination, Lodge arrived in Washington to meet the new president, Lyndon Johnson. Johnson told Lodge he would not "lose" Vietnam, saying "tell those generals in Saigon that Lyndon Johnson intends to stand by our word". After Diem's assassination,

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Lodge: You have certainly done your duty. As I told you only this morning, I admire your courage and your great contribution to your country. No one can take from you the credit for all you have done. Now I am worried about your physical safety. I have a report that those in charge of the current

1330:, was a partisan of Diệm, Kennedy felt it was time for a new ambassador who would be tough on Diệm in a way that Nolting never could be. Furthermore, Nolting had considered it his duty to silence unfavourable press coverage of Diệm, causing him to become embroiled in a feud with reporters such as 1532:

Later that day, the Ngo brothers secretly fled the Gia Long Palace while the rebel generals, unaware of their flight, ordered an attack on the palace. The Presidential Guard, who were equally unaware of the flight of the Ngo brothers, stood their ground and in the ensuring fighting over the next

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fired into a peaceful crowd celebrating Vesak (the birthday of the Buddha) killing nine people, eight of whom were children. The killings in Huế provoked widespread outrage by Buddhists, who had long felt discriminated against by the Catholic Diệm, leading to a series of huge nationwide protests

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as a "wonderful idea". Nixon was furious at Lodge for his speech in New York promising to name an African American to the cabinet, and accused him of spending too much time campaigning with minority groups, instead of the white majority. One Republican from West Virginia said of Lodge's speech:

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Mr. Chairman, this is the most unusual procedure I have seen in all the years I have been here. Why cannot the senator from Wisconsin get the normal treatment and be allowed to make his statement in his own way, ... and not be pulled to pieces before he has had a chance to offer one single

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I could see a cloud pass across his face when I suggested that he get rid of Nhu and improve his government. He absolutely refused to discuss any of the topics that President Kennedy had instructed me to raise, and that frankly jolted me. He looked up at the ceiling and talked about irrelevant

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to present his credentials to President Diem. As Lodge spoke no Vietnamese and Diem no English, they talked in French. Lodge, a patrician and wealthy scion of a distinguished Boston Brahmin family, had a very poor working relationship with Diem, an equally patrician and wealthy scion of a

747:. This effort was encouraged and directed by low-budget but high-impact grassroots campaign by academic and political amateurs. He continued to represent the United States in various countries under Presidents Johnson, Nixon, and Ford. Lodge led the U.S. delegation that signed the 1366:

Ever since July 1963, a group of senior South Vietnamese generals had been in contact with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), asking for American support for a coup d'état. Lodge advised caution, saying a coup would be a "shot in the dark". On August 26, Lodge arrived at the

1024:, then a U.S. Representative. His efforts in helping Eisenhower caused Lodge to neglect his own campaign. In addition, some of Taft's supporters in Massachusetts defected from Lodge to the Kennedy campaign out of anger over Lodge's support of Eisenhower. In November 1952 1350:" had badly damaged the Truman administration, and feeling that South Vietnam might likewise now be lost, wanted a well-known Republican politician as his ambassador in South Vietnam to shield him from potential Republican attacks that he "lost" South Vietnam. 1418:, had launched a major diplomatic initiative to end the war in Vietnam that called for a federation of North and South Vietnam, and for both Vietnams to be neutral in the Cold War. The French ambassador to South Vietnam, Roger Lalouette, worked closely with 1314:

organized by the Buddhist clergy. Kennedy, alarmed by a situation that was swirling out of control, sent a message to Diệm, urging him to apologize for the Huế incident, only to receive the absurd reply that the Huế incident was the work of the

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In June 1964, Lodge resigned as ambassador to run to seek the Republican nomination to be the presidential candidate for the election of that year. Lodge had been unpopular with his embassy staff, and most were happy to see him go.

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Lodge: I do not feel well enough informed to be able to tell you. I have heard the shooting, but am not acquainted with all the facts. Also, it is four thirty A.M in Washington and the U.S. government cannot possibly have a

979:'s list of possibly communist State Department employees. Lodge argued in hearings that Tydings demonized McCarthy and whitewashed McCarthy's supposed discovery of security leaks at the State Department. Lodge told Tydings: 1028:; Lodge received 48.5% of the vote to Kennedy's 51.5%. This was the second of three Senate elections contested between a member of the Republican Lodge family and a member of the Democratic Fitzgerald-Kennedy clan, after 4779: 1437:

to manage the affairs in Vietnam as he best saw fit, and gave him the power to cut off American aid if necessary. Just why Kennedy delegated such to Lodge has remained a matter of debate. Kennedy's "court historian",

10919: 5900: 3519: 10944: 1089:, of which Lodge was a significant stockholder, re-established itself in Guatemala. The episodes tainted an otherwise distinguished career and painted Lodge as a face of US imperialism and exceptionalism. 743:. In 1964, Lodge won by a plurality a number of that year's party presidential primaries and caucuses on the strength of his name, reputation, and respect among many voters, though the nomination went to 8549: 887:

After returning to Washington and winning re-election in November 1942, Lodge went to observe allied troops serving in Egypt and Libya, and in that position, he was on hand for the British retreat from

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to accept, saying that the Cabot Lodges had always served the United States regardless if the president was a Democrat or a Republican, and he was not going to break with his family's traditions.

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in 1953 and became a member of Eisenhower's Cabinet. Vice President Nixon chose Lodge as his running mate in the 1960 presidential election, but the Republican ticket lost the close election.

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was for the first time publicly critical of Diem and even repeated some of Lodge's remarks from his dispatch of August 29, saying the Diem regime had "gotten out of touch with the people".

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Diem: But you must have some general ideas. After all, I am a chief of state. I have tried to do my duty. I want to do now what duty and good sense require. I believe in duty above all.

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Lodge served the first year of his new Senate term but then resigned his Senate seat on February 3, 1944, in order to return to active duty, the first U.S. senator to do so since the

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elite, saying that this was the most satisfying of all his son's electoral victories. It was neither the first nor the last time a Lodge faced a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election.

5930: 865:. During the war he saw two tours of duty. The first was in 1942 while he was also serving as a U.S. senator. The second was in 1944 and 1945 after he resigned from the Senate. 10602: 7560: 5459: 3953: 1556:) so as to bring governmental stability. The alternatives, he warned, were either increased military involvement by the U.S. or total abandonment of South Vietnam by America. 729: 631: 396: 256: 8200: 1001: 697:

in 1936 to represent Massachusetts in the United States Senate. He resigned from the Senate in 1944 to serve in Italy and France during World War II. Lodge remained in the

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After the war, Lodge returned to Massachusetts and resumed his political career. He continued his status as an Army Reserve officer and rose to the rank of major general.

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to run for the Republican presidential nomination. When Eisenhower finally consented, Lodge served as his campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to

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ordered congressmen serving in the military to resign one of the two positions, and Lodge, who chose to remain in the Senate, was ordered by Secretary of War

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Kennedy was congratulated for his victory by his dominating father, Joseph Kennedy Sr, saying at long last an Irish Catholic had humbled a scion of the

10889: 9973: 4395: 9963: 9325: 8815: 5103: 5083: 5073: 5033: 4418: 4157: 4123: 4037: 3990: 1112: 8568: 8561: 1454:, but I, Ton That Dinh, have conquered him and saved the country". To persuade Dinh to change loyalties, one of the leading conspirators, General 9933: 8771: 8651: 6431: 6378: 1055: 10929: 8520: 6349: 4228: 2098: 968:

way to the realization that we have become the world's greatest power ... World War II first taught us the value of collective security."

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Young, John W. (1986). "Great Britain's Latin American Dilemma: The Foreign Office and the Overthrow of 'Communist' Guatemala, June 1954".

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Faced with a difficult situation with different advisers telling him to do different things, Kennedy procrastinated by sending out the

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At about 4:30, Diem phoned Lodge to ask for his help. The following transcript of their conversation in French reads:

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The first period was a continuation of Lodge's longtime service as an Army Reserve officer. Lodge was a major in the

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after the war and eventually rose to the rank of major general. In 1946, Lodge defeated incumbent Democratic Senator

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Kennedy appointed Lodge to the position of Ambassador to South Vietnam, which he held from 1963 to 1964. After the

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In March 1950, Lodge sat on a subcommittee of the Government Operations Committee, chaired by Democratic Senator

4577: 10646: 10381: 10249: 10023: 8721: 8455: 8370: 8320: 8027: 7273: 7243: 6422: 6129: 1724: 1211: 918: 10904: 10894: 10784: 9908: 9817: 9317: 8807: 8786: 8460: 8420: 8410: 8405: 8385: 8330: 8305: 7762: 7297: 7231: 5443: 2120:. The United States and the United Nations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1975. p. 6. 1766: 941: 9898: 654:, who had served two terms as Eisenhower's vice president. The Republican ticket narrowly lost to Democrats 10245: 9943: 8556: 8445: 8335: 8300: 8250: 8235: 7364: 7339: 7303: 7237: 2350: 1157: 1100:

of the United States. In 1960 he embarked on a reciprocal tour of the Soviet Union, including stops at the

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policies of the Eisenhower administration, and often engaged in debates with the UN representatives of the

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and was a former sales executive. Henry's son, Henry Sears Lodge Jr., MD, (1958–2017) was a physician at

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by President Eisenhower in February 1953, with his office elevated to Cabinet-level rank. In contrast to

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activity offer you and your brother safe-conduct out of the country if you resign. Have you heard this?

926: 740: 698: 10018: 9867: 3646: 1390:, warned that Nhu's murky writings on his Personalist philosophy would not make the grade at Harvard. 9099: 8726: 8430: 8395: 8350: 8340: 8325: 8315: 8280: 8245: 7321: 6161: 4999: 1801: 1284: 709: 10136: 10013: 3584:"Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus", Rick Perlstein, 2009 1510:

Diem: Some units have made a rebellion and I want to know what is the attitude of the United States.

1165:"Whoever recommended that Harlem speech should have been thrown out of an airplane at 25,000 feet". 829:

Lodge worked in the newspaper business from 1924 to 1931. He was elected in 1932, and served in the

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Lodge left the UN ambassadorship, turning over his seat to Deputy Chief Jerry Wadsworth during the

922: 791:. Through his mother, Mathilda Elizabeth Frelinghuysen (Davis), he was a great-grandson of Senator 301: 10151: 10111: 9998: 5428: 1455: 9759: 9278: 8400: 8355: 8295: 8270: 8225: 7992: 7887: 6172: 6011: 5692: 5541: 4497: 1783: 1462: 1288: 10121: 1175: 716:

and managed Eisenhower's successful campaign for the Republican presidential nomination at the

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to return to Washington. During this brief service, he led a squadron of American tankers at

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Republican presidential polling and when included he came ahead of major candidates such as

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Lodge won three primaries as a "write-in" candidate without making any public appearances.

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consecutive sentence. ... I do not understand what kind of game is being played here.

662:; Lodge later served as a diplomat in the administrations of Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and 8: 10370: 10081: 10058: 9953: 9283: 8646: 7857: 7595: 6627: 6614: 6510: 6393: 6256: 6156: 6146: 6140: 6076: 5864: 5702: 5604: 5571: 5019: 4989: 4979: 4512: 1797:

Hospital and became well known as the author of the 'Younger Next Year' series of books.

1743: 1720: 1633: 1398: 1276: 748: 10116: 3628: 3520:"How Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Won the 1964 New Hampshire Primary Without Lifting a Finger" 2156:. Vol. 35. Washington, DC: Association of the United States Army. 1985. p. 15. 1930: 10414: 10333: 10308: 10182: 9738: 9567: 9067: 8967: 8678: 8543: 7972: 7912: 7802: 7697: 7679: 7655: 7577: 7422: 7404: 6601: 6592: 6514: 6403: 6398: 6388: 6026: 6016: 5884: 5869: 5722: 5581: 5506: 5149: 4697: 4667: 4502: 4361: 4189: 4116: 3894: 3749:

Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963

2518: 1815:. Two years after Lodge's death, Sears married Forrester A. Clark. She died in 1992 of 1696: 1684: 1653: 1624: 1169: 1145: 1117: 1101: 1020:

In the fall of 1952, Lodge found himself fighting in a tight race for re-election with

896: 823: 819: 776: 721: 686: 578: 558: 536: 369: 6445: 2136:. Vol. 97. Washington, DC: Army and Navy Journal Incorporated. 1960. p. 785. 1568: 10798: 10585: 10508: 10395: 10053: 10043: 10033: 9993: 9948: 9709: 9662: 9536: 9452: 9442: 9401: 9268: 9243: 9167: 9155: 8942: 8906: 8688: 8022: 7997: 7977: 7927: 7902: 7882: 7872: 7832: 7807: 7709: 7607: 7470: 7458: 7446: 7428: 7392: 7255: 7031: 7011: 6995: 6975: 6895: 6775: 6671: 6562: 6549: 6527: 6523: 6449: 6272: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6195: 6190: 6021: 5979: 5859: 5854: 5805: 5795: 5674: 5621: 5598: 5576: 5566: 5561: 5531: 5289: 5239: 5179: 5079: 4969: 4859: 4677: 4632: 4612: 4597: 4527: 4522: 4452: 4275: 4265: 4248: 4099: 4026: 3979: 3920: 3844: 3809: 3790: 3771: 3752: 3673: 3409: 2463: 2423: 2412: 2390: 2379: 2271: 2234: 1875: 1739: 1727: 1415: 1355: 1327: 1093: 1067: 1063: 949: 780: 678: 659: 238: 191: 129: 10086: 3493: 3467: 3441: 1203: 10773: 10533: 10527: 10458: 10314: 10177: 9978: 9572: 9467: 9447: 8977: 8962: 8952: 8947: 8051: 8046: 7957: 7877: 7852: 7842: 7715: 7625: 7488: 7464: 7416: 7380: 6695: 6631: 6618: 6588: 6575: 6497: 6484: 6262: 6200: 6179: 6124: 6066: 6041: 6031: 5815: 5790: 5662: 5650: 5639: 5546: 5485: 5139: 5109: 5049: 4567: 4462: 4442: 4302: 4292: 3964: 3924: 3913: 3900: 2359: 1649: 1339: 1298: 993: 937: 881: 811: 800: 606: 562: 430: 203: 141: 101: 10101: 3907: 2536: 2363: 10792: 10654: 10539: 10364: 10106: 9988: 9968: 9938: 9833: 9730: 9521: 9432: 9421: 9210: 9052: 8972: 8937: 8927: 8891: 8130: 8061: 7982: 7922: 7817: 7812: 7797: 7792: 7777: 7619: 7601: 7589: 7583: 7542: 7494: 7440: 6891: 6811: 6795: 6791: 6771: 6691: 6675: 6536: 6488: 6471: 6462: 6458: 6307: 6301: 6289: 6230: 6225: 6185: 6134: 6104: 6086: 6046: 5780: 5610: 5586: 5511: 5259: 5189: 4909: 4879: 4849: 4805: 4657: 4542: 4477: 4472: 4432: 4329: 4174: 2147: 2131: 2115: 2028: 1869: 1840: 1775: 1692: 1660: 1615: 1598: 1542: 1470: 1443: 1402: 1368: 1306: 1021: 976: 972: 945: 914: 906: 815: 784: 744: 655: 526: 224: 8101: 1711: 10767: 10748: 10723: 10635: 10579: 10477: 10439: 10172: 9672: 9582: 9462: 9177: 9062: 8932: 8741: 8736: 8573: 8125: 8120: 8115: 7967: 7917: 7745: 7727: 7685: 7482: 7476: 7434: 7091: 7071: 6735: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6553: 6475: 6166: 6071: 6051: 6036: 5874: 5656: 5592: 5556: 5469: 5279: 5219: 5159: 5089: 5009: 4869: 4707: 4687: 4672: 4652: 4642: 4532: 4517: 4507: 4492: 4482: 4206: 4150: 4140: 4132: 3505: 3479: 3453: 1700: 1589: 1488: 1466: 1373: 1335: 1059: 1043: 1034:

the 1962 special election between Lodge's son and Kennedy's younger brother Ted

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In the fall of 1944, Lodge single-handedly captured a four-man German patrol.

32: 10818: 10742: 10591: 10433: 10280: 10076: 10003: 9958: 9263: 9233: 9026: 8746: 8071: 8012: 7897: 7721: 7452: 6991: 6971: 6931: 6911: 6871: 6855: 6835: 6579: 6566: 6540: 6056: 6006: 5849: 5820: 5763: 5615: 5536: 5491: 5329: 5299: 5249: 5209: 5069: 5059: 5039: 4717: 4682: 4602: 4467: 4221: 4073: 4041: 3994: 3677: 2817:(Video interview (part 1 of 5)). Open Vault, WGBH Media Library and Archives. 2152: 1790: 1479: 1394: 1347: 1302: 1176:

Ambassador to South Vietnam (1963–1964, 1965–1967) and presidential candidacy

1133: 1120:, Henry Cabot Lodge, in the Oval Office, White House, Washington, D.C., 1961. 877: 752: 651: 627: 313: 289: 68: 884:; they were the first Americans to engage German troops on land in the war. 10679: 10573: 10187: 10167: 9680: 9651: 9144: 9134: 8917: 8091: 8086: 8007: 7987: 7942: 7892: 7862: 7827: 7751: 7733: 7518: 7506: 7398: 7386: 7374: 7191: 7171: 7151: 6501: 6295: 6210: 6109: 5889: 5551: 5526: 5339: 5099: 4889: 4780:

Unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States

4722: 4662: 4592: 4557: 4487: 4437: 4319: 2532: 1954:"Lodge at Harvard: Loyal Conservation 'Who Knew Just What He Wanted to Do'" 1716: 1331: 1161: 1075: 788: 601: 548: 153: 76: 3889:

The Papers of Henry Cabot Lodge, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

1683:

In 1964, Lodge, while still Ambassador to South Vietnam, was the surprise

1524:

Lodge: Yes. If I can do anything for your physical safety, please call me.

929:, and then carry out surrender negotiations with German forces in western 10244: 9643: 9622: 9111: 8957: 8110: 8105: 8096: 8081: 8056: 8042: 7907: 7703: 7613: 7512: 7410: 7131: 7115: 7111: 7095: 7075: 6951: 6935: 6915: 6815: 6318: 6284: 5680: 5668: 5627: 5349: 5199: 4552: 1820: 1816: 1553: 1137: 756: 663: 72: 1834: 837:

U.S. senator (1937–1944, 1947–1953) and World War II service (1944–1945)

803:(1903–1985), also a politician, and Helena Lodge de Streel (1905–1998). 10028: 9562: 9547: 8032: 8002: 7962: 7847: 7536: 7530: 7500: 7175: 7155: 7035: 7015: 6755: 6751: 5644: 5379: 5309: 5169: 4919: 4835: 4815: 4727: 1548:

While Diem was eventually assassinated and his government toppled in a

1319: 10920:

Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives

3806:

The Last Brahmin: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and the Making of the Cold War

1301:

on January 2, 1963, Kennedy's confidence in South Vietnam's President

735:

In 1963, the now-President Kennedy appointed Lodge to the position of

10704: 10685: 9903: 9701: 9472: 9437: 9200: 8922: 7739: 7135: 7055: 6267: 5879: 5369: 5359: 5319: 4737: 3921:"Longines Chronoscope with Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (May 2, 1952)" 1849:

List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines

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Permanent Representatives of the United States to the United Nations

1778:(born 1927) and Henry Sears Lodge (1930–2017). George worked in the 1185: 861:

Lodge served with distinction during the war, rising to the rank of

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Between 1961 and 1962, Lodge was the first director-general of the

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In 1926, Lodge married Emily Esther Sears. They had two children:

958: 5943: 5832: 3708:"Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (1902-1985) | Mount Auburn Cemetery" 3666:"Henry S. Lodge, Author of 'Younger Next Year' Books, Dies at 58" 1819:

and is interred near her first husband in the Cabot Lodge family

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Roster of the Society of the Cincinnati. 1974 edition. pg. 17.

2460:

Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala

1807:

Lodge died in 1985 after a long illness and was interred in the

1066:(who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the 1800:

In 1966 he was elected an honorary member of the Massachusetts

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U.S. Warns Russia to Keep Hands off in Guatemala Crisis (1955)

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President John F. Kennedy meets with Director General of the

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At the end of the war, in 1945, he used his knowledge of the

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the 1916 election between Lodge's and Kennedy's grandfathers

10960:

Republican Party (United States) vice presidential nominees

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Candidates in the 1964 United States presidential election

10955:

Republican Party United States senators from Massachusetts

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Jackson, Kenneth T.; Markoe, Karen; Markoe, Arnie (1998).

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Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration

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Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization

5752: 4337:

Personal Representative of the President to the Holy See

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Kennedy versus Lodge: The 1952 Massachusetts Senate Race

1322:, the wife of Diệm's younger brother and right-hand man 48:

Personal Representative of the President to the Holy See

2736: 2719: 2660: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2284: 3629:"Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Photographs II, ca. 1880-1979" 2315:"Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby" 1871:

The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives: 1981-1985

1433:

Kennedy accepted Lodge's recommendations and gave him

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hours left hundreds dead. The Ngo brothers fled into

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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

3751:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 3167: 2494: 2059:"Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. - Biographical Information" 1984:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

1901:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

1830: 1083:

overthrowing of the legitimate Guatemalan government

779:, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator 3828:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society

2792: 1867: 1376:in an interview about his first meeting with Diem: 4158:United States Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts 4124:United States Senator (Class 2) from Massachusetts 3912:is available for free viewing and download at the 3899:is available for free viewing and download at the 2411: 2378: 2222: 2117:Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Relations 1107: 391:Massachusetts House of Representatives 10850:Ambassadors of the United States to South Vietnam 2457: 2385:. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. p. 944:with palm. His American decorations included the 853:. He served from January 1937 to February 1944. 10816: 3826:Richardson, Elliot (1985). "Henry Cabot Lodge". 2490:. Vol. LXXV, no. 8. February 22, 1960. 2270:. Boston, Mass.: Northeastern University Press. 1971: 728:to then-Congressman Kennedy. Lodge was named as 724:in the general election, but Lodge lost his own 10980:1960 United States vice-presidential candidates 5460:United States Ambassadors to the United Nations 2447:(9th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 444. 959:Return to Senate and the drafting of Eisenhower 872:. That tour ended in July 1942, when President 10647:Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization 4229:United States Ambassador to the United Nations 3504:from the original on May 14, 2019 – via 3478:from the original on May 14, 2019 – via 3452:from the original on May 14, 2019 – via 2458:Schlesinger, Stephen; Kinzer, Stephen (1983). 1563: 1426:(ICC) and the Polish Commissioner of the ICC, 632:United States Ambassador to the United Nations 257:United States Ambassador to the United Nations 10230: 9818: 9333: 8823: 6350: 5916: 5738: 5444: 4764: 4403: 1888: 1691:, defeating declared presidential candidates 909:and culture, gained from attending school in 681:and the great-grandson of Secretary of State 269:January 26, 1953 – September 3, 1960 10860:United States Army personnel of World War II 3726:"Emily Lodge Clark, 86; Was Senator's Widow" 3405:Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 2531: 1212:introducing citations to additional sources 1050:Ambassador to the United Nations (1953–1960) 787:, and great-great-great-grandson of Senator 666:. Lodge was a presidential contender in the 16:American politician and diplomat (1902–1985) 10965:St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni 10845:Ambassadors of the United States to Germany 10520:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare 8609:National Republican Congressional Committee 1659:In 1962 after helping campaign for his son 1393:The new ambassador quickly determined that 1160:post. He suggested appointing the diplomat 841:In November 1936, Lodge was elected to the 766: 359:January 3, 1937 – February 3, 1944 10237: 10223: 9825: 9811: 9340: 9326: 8830: 8816: 8699:High School Republican National Federation 6357: 6343: 5923: 5909: 5745: 5731: 5451: 5437: 5413: 4771: 4757: 4410: 4396: 3825: 2442: 2335: 2253: 2166: 2003: 2001: 1706: 963:In 1946 Lodge defeated Democratic Senator 630:in the United States Senate and served as 326:January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953 31: 10890:Eisenhower administration cabinet members 9883:Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem 4419:United States senators from Massachusetts 4283:United States Ambassador to South Vietnam 4256:United States Ambassador to South Vietnam 1528:Diem: I am trying to re-establish order. 1522:Diem: No. . You have my telephone number. 1293:Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem 720:. Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee 173:August 25, 1965 – April 25, 1967 161:United States Ambassador to South Vietnam 9354:1964 United States presidential election 8844:1960 United States presidential election 8792:Timeline of modern American conservatism 8624:Republican Attorneys General Association 8619:National Republican Senatorial Committee 4310:United States Ambassador to West Germany 3784: 3538:"Union-Leader: Lodge's write-in victory" 2745: 2730: 2671: 2654: 2370: 2301: 1765: 1752:personal representative of the President 1710: 1674: 1567: 1202:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1111: 795:, and a great-great-grandson of Senator 216:August 26, 1963 – June 28, 1964 121:May 27, 1968 – January 14, 1969 109:United States Ambassador to West Germany 8614:National Republican Redistricting Trust 3803: 3442:"Poll Shows Kennedy Again Most Admired" 1998: 1979:"LODGE, Henry Cabot, Jr.,(1902 - 1985)" 1923:"Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Photographs II" 1789:Henry Sears married Elenita Ziegler of 1015: 814:. In 1924, he graduated cum laude from 10817: 10628:Director of the Mutual Security Agency 8732:Republican National Coalition for Life 3949:Massachusetts House of Representatives 3934:Massachusetts House of Representatives 3765: 3746: 3663: 3428: 3389: 3374: 3359: 3344: 3329: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3263: 3248: 3231: 3219: 3202: 3190: 3161: 3144: 3132: 3103: 3082: 3070: 3049: 3032: 3020: 3005: 2984: 2969: 2946: 2929: 2910: 2885: 2873: 2861: 2846: 2834: 2786: 2774: 2762: 2713: 2698: 2683: 2642: 2630: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2537:"The Atlantic Council—The Early Years" 2443:Keen, Benjamin; Haynes, Keith (2013). 2265: 1572:Republican primaries results by state 1381:subjects. I thought it was deplorable. 831:Massachusetts House of Representatives 691:Massachusetts House of Representatives 10930:Military personnel from Massachusetts 10716:Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission 10557: 10264: 10218: 9806: 9599: 9321: 9084: 8811: 8674:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 6338: 5904: 5726: 5432: 4752: 4391: 3876:"Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (id: L000394)" 3857: 3838: 3401: 3173: 2798: 2505: 2409: 2376: 2347: 2220: 1952:Gale, Mary Ellen (November 4, 1960). 899:. He saw action in Italy and France. 10566:Director of the Bureau of the Budget 6364: 5963:Embassy of the United States, Berlin 5939:United States Ambassadors to Germany 5754:United States Ambassadors to Vietnam 3468:"Rockefeller Leads GOP Voter Survey" 1951: 1927:The Massachusetts Historical Society 1667:Paul Grindle, the nephew of Senator 1574: 1179: 936:Lodge was decorated with the French 921:, to coordinate activities with the 677:, Lodge was the grandson of Senator 511: 60:June 5, 1970 – July 6, 1977 9832: 4088:Vice President of the United States 3608:"Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985)" 1132:on the Republican ticket headed by 1092:In 1959, he escorted Soviet leader 718:1952 Republican National Convention 634:in the administration of President 13: 10935:People from Beverly, Massachusetts 10865:American people of English descent 9858:Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức 8717:Republican Main Street Partnership 3789:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 3664:Grimes, William (March 14, 2017). 2420:University of North Carolina Press 1945: 1742:in 1965, and served thereafter as 783:, great-great-grandson of Senator 693:. He defeated Democratic governor 14: 11001: 10985:20th-century American journalists 10950:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 10940:People from Nahant, Massachusetts 10840:20th-century American politicians 10760:White House Deputy Chief of Staff 10558: 9873:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état 8659:Congressional Hispanic Conference 3867: 3841:The Making of the President, 1960 1782:and is now professor emeritus at 10875:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery 10870:Boston Evening Transcript people 10603:Ambassador to the United Nations 10290: 8629:Republican Governors Association 7168:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 5988: 5942: 5932: 5831: 5762: 5701: 5468: 5412: 5408:All vice presidential candidates 5403: 5402: 4576: 3923:is available for viewing at the 3718: 3700: 3691: 3657: 3639: 3621: 3600: 3587: 3474:. January 13, 1963. p. 58. 2814:Interview with Henry Cabot Lodge 2462:. Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1896:"LODGE, John Davis, (1903–1985)" 1833: 1761: 1424:International Control Commission 1305:was shaken. On May 8, 1963, the 1195:relies largely or entirely on a 1184: 793:Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen 730:ambassador to the United Nations 683:Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen 10990:20th-century American diplomats 5958:Germany–United States relations 3909:STAFF FILM REPORT 66-27A (1966) 3787:Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 3578: 3548: 3530: 3512: 3486: 3460: 3448:. January 1, 1963. p. 36. 3434: 3395: 2804: 2525: 2511: 2476: 2451: 2436: 2403: 2341: 2307: 2259: 2214: 2205: 2193: 2181: 2172: 2140: 2124: 2108: 2092: 2076: 1108:1960 vice presidential campaign 856: 818:, where he was a member of the 507: 10910:Journalists from Massachusetts 9848:Huế Phật Đản (Vesak) shootings 8722:Republican Majority for Choice 8550:Steering and Policy Committees 3843:. Pymble, NSW: HarperCollins. 2051: 2035: 2017: 1915: 1861: 919:Sixth United States Army Group 1: 10835:20th-century American writers 10785:White House Cabinet Secretary 9634:National States' Rights Party 9123:National States' Rights Party 8787:International Democracy Union 5838:Socialist Republic of Vietnam 3740: 2645:, pp. 281-282 & 345. 2364:10.1080/07075332.1986.9640425 2229:. USA: Crown Forum. pp. 2202:, July 24, 1950, pp 10815-19. 2148:"Obituary: Henry Cabot Lodge" 2133:Army, Navy, Air Force Journal 1422:, the Indian chairman of the 1338:of the Associated Press, and 1026:Lodge was defeated by Kennedy 6000:and Minister Plenipotentiary 3500:. June 22, 1963. p. 3. 2351:International History Review 1854: 1770:Henry Cabot Lodge and family 975:, which looked into Senator 755:, leading to the end of the 739:, where Lodge supported the 689:, Lodge won election to the 540:Mathilda Frelinghuysen Davis 7: 10970:United States Army officers 10265: 8669:Republican Jewish Coalition 8584:Republican Governance Group 3839:White, Theodore H. (2009). 2811:Lodge, Henry Cabot (1979). 2381:The Fish that Ate the Whale 1874:. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1826: 1736:ambassador to South Vietnam 1606: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 1564:1964 presidential candidacy 737:Ambassador to South Vietnam 10: 11006: 10735:White House Chief of Staff 10288: 8589:Republican Study Committee 3770:. New York: Viking Press. 3647:"Milestones, Aug. 8, 1960" 3498:The North Adams Transcript 2445:A History of Latin America 2266:Whalen, Thomas J. (2000). 1748:Ambassador to West Germany 1469:and the Defense Secretary 1274: 927:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny 741:1963 South Vietnamese coup 10855:American male journalists 10783: 10758: 10733: 10714: 10695: 10670: 10645: 10626: 10601: 10564: 10553: 10518: 10493: 10468: 10449: 10426:Secretary of the Interior 10424: 10405: 10380: 10349: 10326:Secretary of the Treasury 10324: 10299: 10271: 10260: 10196: 10160: 10067: 9922: 9909:Krulak–Mendenhall mission 9891: 9840: 9773: 9748: 9719: 9690: 9661: 9632: 9614:American Vegetarian Party 9613: 9595: 9512: 9494: 9485: 9392: 9374: 9365: 9296: 9253: 9220: 9187: 9154: 9121: 9100:American Vegetarian Party 9098: 9080: 9017: 8999: 8990: 8882: 8864: 8855: 8764: 8727:Republican Liberty Caucus 8707: 8637: 8599: 8530: 8519: 8474: 8213: 8199: 8139: 7770: 7761: 7552: 7355: 7218: 6414: 6374: 6095: 5997: 5986: 5972: 5952: 5829: 5760: 5710: 5699: 5475: 5466: 5398: 4790: 4786: 4585: 4574: 4425: 4376: 4366: 4358: 4353: 4343: 4334: 4326: 4316: 4307: 4299: 4289: 4280: 4272: 4262: 4253: 4245: 4235: 4226: 4218: 4213: 4203: 4194: 4186: 4181: 4171: 4155: 4147: 4137: 4121: 4113: 4106: 4096: 4078: 4070: 4060: 4031: 4023: 4013: 3984: 3976: 3971: 3961: 3945: 3939: 3932: 3808:. Yale University Press. 3804:Nichter, Luke A. (2020). 2221:Evans, M.Stanton (2007). 2190:, July 24, 1950, 10813-14 1802:Society of the Cincinnati 1687:victor in the Republican 1550:November 1963 coup d'état 1309:began when the police in 1285:Krulak Mendenhall mission 1081:During the CIA-sponsored 710:Draft Eisenhower movement 705:to return to the Senate. 617: 594: 584: 574: 569: 554: 544: 532: 521: 494: 484: 465: 445: 440: 436: 424: 414: 403: 387: 375: 363: 352: 342: 330: 319: 307: 295: 283: 273: 262: 254: 244: 232: 220: 209: 197: 185: 177: 166: 159: 147: 135: 125: 114: 107: 95: 82: 64: 53: 46: 42: 30: 23: 10617:James Jeremiah Wadsworth 10451:Secretary of Agriculture 10204:Persecution of Buddhists 9863:Double Seven Day scuffle 8497:Northern Mariana Islands 6096:Ambassador Extraordinary 5973:Minister Plenipotentiary 4354:Awards and achievements 3972:Party political offices 3874:United States Congress. 3785:Langguth, A. J. (2000). 3766:Karnow, Stanley (1983). 1813:Watertown, Massachusetts 767:Early life and education 685:. After graduating from 10925:Middlesex School alumni 9914:McNamara–Taylor mission 9760:George Lincoln Rockwell 9721:Socialist Workers Party 9279:George Lincoln Rockwell 9222:Socialist Workers Party 3858:Young, Marilyn (1990). 2410:Ayala, Cesar J (1999). 2008:"For Services Rendered" 1784:Harvard Business School 1707:Later diplomatic career 1463:McNamara Taylor mission 1289:McNamara Taylor mission 1223:"Henry Cabot Lodge Jr." 917:, the commander of the 799:. He had two siblings: 37:Official portrait, 1960 9420:Incumbent VP nominee: 9300:Other 1960 elections: 8579:Problem Solvers Caucus 4940:Theodore Frelinghuysen 2414:American Sugar Kingdom 2225:Blacklisted by History 2211:Tydings report, p. 167 1771: 1731: 1680: 1644: 1530: 1465:consisting of General 1440:Arthur Schlesinger, Jr 1388:John Kenneth Galbraith 1383: 1121: 1098:highly publicized tour 986: 761:Beverly, Massachusetts 477:Beverly, Massachusetts 89:Harold H. Tittmann Jr. 10611:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 10503:Martin Patrick Durkin 10470:Secretary of Commerce 9984:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 9692:Socialist Labor Party 9558:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 9189:Socialist Labor Party 9058:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 9042:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 8664:Log Cabin Republicans 5230:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 5130:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4370:Sylvanus Thayer Award 3942:Herbert Wilson Porter 3747:Jacobs, Seth (2006). 3566:on September 26, 2015 2063:bioguide.congress.gov 1929:. MHS. Archived from 1809:Mount Auburn Cemetery 1780:federal civil service 1776:George Cabot Lodge II 1769: 1714: 1689:New Hampshire primary 1678: 1582: No primary held 1571: 1508: 1378: 1334:of the United Press, 1115: 981: 874:Franklin D. Roosevelt 849:, defeating Democrat 773:Nahant, Massachusetts 675:Nahant, Massachusetts 624:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 459:Nahant, Massachusetts 420:Herbert Wilson Porter 309:United States Senator 25:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 10905:Hasty Pudding alumni 10895:Frelinghuysen family 10484:Frederick H. Mueller 10390:Herbert Brownell Jr. 10359:Charles Erwin Wilson 10351:Secretary of Defense 10253:Dwight D. Eisenhower 9853:Hue chemical attacks 9778:Other 1964 elections 9752:and other candidates 9578:Margaret Chase Smith 9458:John W. Reynolds Jr. 9257:and other candidates 8694:Republicans Overseas 8684:Teen Age Republicans 8487:District of Columbia 6888:1964 (San Francisco) 6848:1956 (San Francisco) 6384:National Union Party 5120:Charles W. Fairbanks 5000:Francis P. Blair Jr. 4380:Dwight D. Eisenhower 4167:Leverett Saltonstall 4017:Leverett Saltonstall 3597:, November 16, 1964. 2377:Cohen, Rich (2012). 2325:on February 8, 2007. 2200:Congressional Record 2188:Congressional Record 2178:Tydings hearing p.11 2048:, February 14, 1944. 2042:"Lodge in the Field" 1933:on November 26, 2013 1795:NewYork-Presbyterian 1734:He was re-appointed 1669:Leverett Saltonstall 1420:Ramchundur Goburdhun 1208:improve this article 1087:United Fruit Company 1016:1952 Senate campaign 998:Dwight D. Eisenhower 992:In late 1951, Lodge 870:1st Armored Division 851:James Michael Curley 843:United States Senate 726:re-election campaign 695:James Michael Curley 636:Dwight D. Eisenhower 278:Dwight D. Eisenhower 10371:Thomas S. Gates Jr. 9954:W. Averell Harriman 9868:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 9400:Incumbent nominee: 9284:Charles L. Sullivan 8647:College Republicans 7068:2000 (Philadelphia) 6808:1948 (Philadelphia) 6768:1940 (Philadelphia) 6585:1900 (Philadelphia) 6494:1872 (Philadelphia) 6442:1856 (Philadelphia) 6394:Fourth Party System 6098:and Plenipotentiary 5998:Envoy Extraordinary 5769:Republic of Vietnam 5020:Thomas A. Hendricks 4990:George H. Pendleton 4980:Herschel V. Johnson 4826:Charles C. Pinckney 3862:. New York: Harper. 3293:, pp. 308–309. 3205:, pp. 303–304. 3147:, pp. 300–301. 3085:, pp. 298–299. 3035:, pp. 296–297. 2987:, pp. 293–294. 2888:, pp. 289–290. 2789:, pp. 288–289. 2686:, pp. 285–286. 2657:, pp. 217–218. 2633:, pp. 281–282. 2618:, pp. 280–282. 2579:, pp. 279–280. 2555:, pp. 260–262. 2418:. Chapel Hill, NC: 1958:The Harvard Crimson 1758:from 1970 to 1977. 1744:Ambassador-at-large 1634:William W. Scranton 1399:Republic of Vietnam 1397:, President of the 1318:. On June 7, 1963, 1277:Xa Loi Pagoda raids 833:from 1933 to 1936. 810:and graduated from 749:Paris Peace Accords 10885:Cold War diplomats 10495:Secretary of Labor 10415:Arthur Summerfield 10407:Postmaster General 10340:Robert B. Anderson 10334:George M. Humphrey 10309:John Foster Dulles 10301:Secretary of State 10183:Marguerite Higgins 9568:Nelson Rockefeller 9068:Nelson Rockefeller 8968:Adlai Stevenson II 8679:Republicans Abroad 8544:Legislative Digest 7008:1988 (New Orleans) 6948:1976 (Kansas City) 6928:1972 (Miami Beach) 6908:1968 (Miami Beach) 6708:1928 (Kansas City) 6572:1896 (Saint Louis) 6559:1892 (Minneapolis) 6404:Sixth Party System 6399:Fifth Party System 6389:Third Party System 5150:Joseph T. Robinson 5030:William H. English 4930:Richard M. Johnson 4362:John Foster Dulles 4197:Baby of the Senate 4190:Berkeley L. Bunker 4164:Served alongside: 4130:Served alongside: 4117:Marcus A. Coolidge 4064:Vincent J. Celeste 3768:Vietnam: A History 3730:The New York Times 3670:The New York Times 3595:The New York Times 3544:on August 2, 2007. 2864:, p. 157-164. 2777:, p. 157-158. 2522:, October 14, 1960 2519:The New York Times 2338:, p. 149-150. 2089:, October 9, 1944. 1772: 1732: 1697:Nelson Rockefeller 1681: 1654:Nelson Rockefeller 1645: 1625:Nelson Rockefeller 1344:The New York Times 1170:Atlantic Institute 1146:Thruston B. Morton 1122: 1118:Atlantic Institute 1102:Bibi-Khanym Mosque 1002:win the nomination 863:lieutenant colonel 777:George Cabot Lodge 771:Lodge was born in 722:Adlai Stevenson II 687:Harvard University 670:primary campaign. 589:Lieutenant colonel 579:United States Army 559:Harvard University 537:George Cabot Lodge 370:Marcus A. Coolidge 10812: 10811: 10808: 10807: 10799:Robert Keith Gray 10586:Percival Brundage 10549: 10548: 10509:James P. Mitchell 10396:William P. Rogers 10212: 10211: 10054:William Trueheart 10044:Maxwell D. Taylor 10034:Frederick Nolting 10024:Nguyễn Đình Thuận 9994:Joseph Mendenhall 9949:Michael Forrestal 9800: 9799: 9769: 9768: 9710:Henning A. Blomen 9663:Prohibition Party 9591: 9590: 9545:Other candidates: 9537:William E. Miller 9481: 9480: 9453:Jennings Randolph 9443:Robert F. Kennedy 9430:Other candidates: 9402:Lyndon B. Johnson 9315: 9314: 9292: 9291: 9269:Merritt B. Curtis 9244:Myra Tanner Weiss 9168:Rutherford Decker 9156:Prohibition Party 9076: 9075: 8986: 8985: 8943:Lyndon B. Johnson 8907:Lyndon B. Johnson 8805: 8804: 8760: 8759: 8689:Young Republicans 8557:Senate Conference 8515: 8514: 8195: 8194: 6507:1876 (Cincinnati) 6332: 6331: 5898: 5897: 5720: 5719: 5693:Thomas-Greenfield 5426: 5425: 5394: 5393: 5290:Geraldine Ferraro 5240:William E. Miller 5180:Charles L. McNary 5080:Adlai Stevenson I 4970:William L. Dayton 4960:William A. Graham 4950:William O. Butler 4746: 4745: 4386: 4385: 4377:Succeeded by 4368:Recipient of the 4344:Succeeded by 4317:Succeeded by 4290:Succeeded by 4263:Succeeded by 4249:Frederick Nolting 4236:Succeeded by 4214:Diplomatic posts 4204:Succeeded by 4172:Succeeded by 4162:1947–1953 4138:Succeeded by 4128:1937–1944 4100:William E. Miller 4097:Succeeded by 4061:Succeeded by 4027:Henry Parkman Jr. 4014:Succeeded by 3980:William M. Butler 3962:Succeeded by 3850:978-0-061-98601-7 3815:978-0-300-21780-3 3758:978-0-7425-4448-2 3653:. August 8, 1960. 3472:The Tampa Tribune 2429:978-0-8078-4788-6 2396:978-0-374-29927-9 2277:978-1-55553-462-2 2240:978-1-4000-8105-9 2105:, March 19, 1945. 2024:"Into the Funnel" 1881:978-0-684-80492-7 1740:Lyndon B. Johnson 1641: 1640: 1428:Mieczysław Maneli 1416:Charles de Gaulle 1356:C. Douglas Dillon 1328:Frederick Nolting 1273: 1272: 1258: 1144:and U.S. Senator 1094:Nikita Khrushchev 1068:League of Nations 950:Bronze Star Medal 923:French First Army 808:St. Albans School 781:Henry Cabot Lodge 775:. His father was 679:Henry Cabot Lodge 660:Lyndon B. Johnson 650:on a ticket with 621: 620: 469:February 27, 1985 250:Maxwell D. Taylor 239:Frederick Nolting 228:Lyndon B. Johnson 192:Maxwell D. Taylor 181:Lyndon B. Johnson 130:Lyndon B. Johnson 10997: 10774:Gerald D. Morgan 10555: 10554: 10534:Marion B. Folsom 10528:Oveta Culp Hobby 10459:Ezra Taft Benson 10382:Attorney General 10315:Christian Herter 10294: 10293: 10262: 10261: 10239: 10232: 10225: 10216: 10215: 10178:David Halberstam 10147:Trần Thiện Khiêm 10127:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu 10122:Nguyễn Văn Nhung 9979:Victor H. Krulak 9974:Thich Tinh Khiet 9899:Joint Communiqué 9827: 9820: 9813: 9804: 9803: 9597: 9596: 9573:William Scranton 9492: 9491: 9487:Republican Party 9468:Matthew E. Welsh 9448:Albert S. Porter 9372: 9371: 9367:Democratic Party 9342: 9335: 9328: 9319: 9318: 9082: 9081: 9049:Other candidates 8997: 8996: 8992:Republican Party 8978:Stuart Symington 8963:Albert S. Porter 8953:Robert B. Meyner 8948:George H. McLain 8914:Other candidates 8862: 8861: 8857:Democratic Party 8832: 8825: 8818: 8809: 8808: 8562:Policy Committee 8538:House Conference 8528: 8527: 8211: 8210: 7768: 7767: 7188:2024 (Milwaukee) 7148:2016 (Cleveland) 7048:1996 (San Diego) 6748:1936 (Cleveland) 6688:1924 (Cleveland) 6468:1864 (Baltimore) 6368: 6367:Republican Party 6359: 6352: 6345: 6336: 6335: 5992: 5947: 5946: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5902: 5901: 5843: 5836: 5835: 5774: 5767: 5766: 5747: 5740: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5715:indicates acting 5705: 5472: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5430: 5429: 5416: 5415: 5406: 5405: 5140:Charles W. Bryan 5110:James S. Sherman 5050:Allen G. Thurman 4788: 4787: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4750: 4749: 4580: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4359:Preceded by 4327:Preceded by 4303:George C. McGhee 4300:Preceded by 4293:Ellsworth Bunker 4273:Preceded by 4246:Preceded by 4219:Preceded by 4187:Preceded by 4182:Honorary titles 4148:Preceded by 4114:Preceded by 4071:Preceded by 4024:Preceded by 3977:Preceded by 3965:Russell P. Brown 3940:Preceded by 3930: 3929: 3925:Internet Archive 3914:Internet Archive 3901:Internet Archive 3885: 3863: 3860:The Vietnam Wars 3854: 3835: 3819: 3800: 3781: 3762: 3734: 3733: 3732:. June 10, 1992. 3722: 3716: 3715: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3633:www.masshist.org 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3562:. Archived from 3560:Legacy Americana 3552: 3546: 3545: 3540:. Archived from 3534: 3528: 3527: 3526:on May 17, 2019. 3522:. Archived from 3516: 3510: 3509: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3446:The Boston Globe 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3378: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3342: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3267: 3261: 3252: 3246: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3107: 3101: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3053: 3047: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3009: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2950: 2944: 2933: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2749: 2743: 2734: 2728: 2717: 2711: 2702: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2535:(June 1, 1998). 2529: 2523: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2492: 2491: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2417: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2384: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2326: 2321:. Archived from 2319:www.bartleby.com 2311: 2305: 2299: 2282: 2281: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2228: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2157: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2112: 2106: 2096: 2090: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2055: 2049: 2039: 2033: 2021: 2015: 2014:, July 20, 1942. 2005: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1865: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1746:(1967–1968) and 1631: 1622: 1613: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1340:David Halberstam 1299:Battle of Ap Bac 1268: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1216: 1188: 1180: 1126:election of 1960 1054:Lodge was named 812:Middlesex School 801:John Davis Lodge 607:Battle of Gazala 570:Military service 515: 513: 509: 480: 472: 455: 453: 441:Personal details 431:Russell P. Brown 427: 417: 408: 393: 378: 366: 357: 345: 333: 324: 298: 286: 267: 247: 235: 214: 204:Ellsworth Bunker 200: 188: 171: 150: 142:George C. McGhee 138: 119: 102:David M. Walters 98: 85: 58: 35: 21: 20: 11005: 11004: 11000: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10995: 10994: 10900:Gardiner family 10815: 10814: 10813: 10804: 10793:Maxwell M. Rabb 10779: 10754: 10729: 10710: 10691: 10666: 10655:Arthur Flemming 10641: 10622: 10597: 10560: 10545: 10540:Arthur Flemming 10514: 10489: 10464: 10445: 10420: 10401: 10376: 10365:Neil H. McElroy 10345: 10320: 10295: 10291: 10286: 10267: 10256: 10243: 10213: 10208: 10192: 10156: 10069: 10063: 10049:Trần Văn Chương 10039:Thích Trí Quang 10019:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ 9989:Robert McNamara 9969:John F. Kennedy 9964:Thich Thien Hoa 9944:Thích Quảng Đức 9926: 9924: 9918: 9887: 9836: 9834:Buddhist crisis 9831: 9801: 9796: 9765: 9744: 9731:Clifton DeBerry 9715: 9686: 9657: 9628: 9609: 9587: 9522:Barry Goldwater 9508: 9477: 9433:Daniel Brewster 9422:Hubert Humphrey 9388: 9361: 9346: 9316: 9311: 9288: 9249: 9216: 9211:Georgia Cozzini 9183: 9150: 9117: 9094: 9072: 9053:Barry Goldwater 9013: 8982: 8973:George Smathers 8938:Hubert Humphrey 8928:Michael DiSalle 8892:John F. Kennedy 8878: 8851: 8836: 8806: 8801: 8756: 8709: 8703: 8639: 8633: 8601: 8595: 8522: 8511: 8470: 8206: 8204: 8191: 8140:Chair elections 8135: 7757: 7656:D. B. Henderson 7644:T. J. Henderson 7569: 7566: 7564: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7351: 7224:administrations 7222: 7214: 7108:2008 (St. Paul) 7088:2004 (New York) 6433: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6370: 6366: 6363: 6333: 6328: 6097: 6091: 5999: 5993: 5984: 5968: 5967: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5899: 5894: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5825: 5772: 5771: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5721: 5716: 5706: 5697: 5473: 5462: 5457: 5427: 5422: 5418:Vice presidents 5390: 5389: 5260:Sargent Shriver 5190:John W. Bricker 4910:Francis Granger 4880:Nathaniel Macon 4850:Jared Ingersoll 4806:Thomas Pinckney 4782: 4777: 4747: 4742: 4581: 4572: 4421: 4416: 4382: 4373: 4364: 4349: 4340: 4332: 4330:Harold Tittmann 4322: 4313: 4305: 4295: 4286: 4278: 4268: 4259: 4251: 4241: 4239:Jerry Wadsworth 4232: 4224: 4209: 4200: 4192: 4177: 4175:John F. Kennedy 4163: 4161: 4153: 4143: 4129: 4127: 4119: 4102: 4091: 4076: 4066: 4051: 4044: 4029: 4019: 4004: 3997: 3982: 3967: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3906:The short film 3893:The short film 3870: 3851: 3816: 3797: 3778: 3759: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3712:mountauburn.org 3706: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3662: 3658: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3569: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3351: 3343: 3336: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3270: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3160: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3110: 3102: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3056: 3048: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3012: 3004: 2991: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2953: 2945: 2936: 2928: 2917: 2909: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2833: 2822: 2810: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2752: 2744: 2737: 2729: 2720: 2712: 2705: 2697: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2622: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2512: 2504: 2495: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2456: 2452: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2408: 2404: 2397: 2375: 2371: 2358:(4): 573–592 . 2346: 2342: 2336:Richardson 1985 2334: 2330: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2285: 2278: 2264: 2260: 2254:Richardson 1985 2252: 2248: 2241: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2167:Richardson 1985 2165: 2161: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2097: 2093: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2040: 2036: 2022: 2018: 2006: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1841:Politics portal 1839: 1832: 1829: 1764: 1709: 1693:Barry Goldwater 1661:George C. Lodge 1642: 1636: 1629: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1616:James A. Rhodes 1611: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1599:Barry Goldwater 1594: 1592: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1566: 1543:Robert McNamara 1525: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1471:Robert McNamara 1444:Walter Cronkite 1403:Paul D. Harkins 1369:Gia Long Palace 1307:Buddhist crisis 1295: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1217: 1215: 1201: 1189: 1178: 1110: 1104:in Samarkand. 1064:his grandfather 1056:U.S. ambassador 1052: 1022:John F. Kennedy 1018: 994:helped persuade 977:Joseph McCarthy 973:Millard Tydings 961: 946:Legion of Merit 942:Croix de Guerre 938:Legion of Honor 915:Jacob L. Devers 907:French language 859: 839: 816:Harvard College 806:Lodge attended 785:Elijah H. Mills 769: 745:Barry Goldwater 656:John F. Kennedy 613: 539: 517: 505: 501: 485:Political party 475: 474: 470: 457: 451: 449: 425: 415: 409: 404: 394: 389: 376: 364: 358: 353: 348:John F. Kennedy 343: 331: 325: 320: 311: 302:Jerry Wadsworth 296: 284: 268: 263: 245: 233: 227: 225:John F. Kennedy 215: 210: 198: 186: 172: 167: 148: 136: 120: 115: 96: 83: 75: 71: 59: 54: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11003: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10810: 10809: 10806: 10805: 10803: 10802: 10796: 10789: 10787: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10777: 10771: 10768:Wilton Persons 10764: 10762: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10749:Wilton Persons 10746: 10739: 10737: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10724:John A. McCone 10720: 10718: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10701: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10690: 10689: 10683: 10676: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10658: 10651: 10649: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10636:Harold Stassen 10632: 10630: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10614: 10607: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10595: 10589: 10583: 10580:Rowland Hughes 10577: 10570: 10568: 10562: 10561: 10551: 10550: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10524: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10512: 10506: 10499: 10497: 10491: 10490: 10488: 10487: 10481: 10478:Sinclair Weeks 10474: 10472: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10462: 10455: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10440:Fred A. Seaton 10437: 10430: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10411: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10399: 10393: 10386: 10384: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10374: 10368: 10362: 10355: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10343: 10337: 10330: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10318: 10312: 10305: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10277: 10275: 10273:Vice President 10269: 10268: 10258: 10257: 10242: 10241: 10234: 10227: 10219: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10200: 10198: 10194: 10193: 10191: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10173:Malcolm Browne 10170: 10164: 10162: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10142:Trần Kim Tuyến 10139: 10134: 10132:Phạm Ngọc Thảo 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10092:Dương Văn Minh 10089: 10084: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9930: 9928: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9895: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9880: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9837: 9830: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9807: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9763: 9755: 9753: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9734: 9725: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9705: 9696: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9684: 9676: 9673:E. Harold Munn 9667: 9665: 9659: 9658: 9656: 9655: 9647: 9638: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9617: 9615: 9611: 9610: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9583:Harold Stassen 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9541: 9540: 9532: 9531: 9530: 9516: 9514: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9483: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9463:George Wallace 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9426: 9425: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9410: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9345: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9322: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9304: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9260: 9258: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9240: 9237: 9230: 9226: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9214: 9207: 9204: 9197: 9193: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9181: 9178:E. Harold Munn 9174: 9171: 9164: 9160: 9158: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9141: 9138: 9131: 9127: 9125: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9115: 9108: 9104: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9078: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9070: 9065: 9063:James M. Lloyd 9060: 9055: 9050: 9046: 9045: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9021: 9019: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8933:Paul C. Fisher 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8911: 8910: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8852: 8835: 8834: 8827: 8820: 8812: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8742:Liberty Caucus 8739: 8737:ConservAmerica 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8655: 8654: 8643: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8574:Freedom Caucus 8566: 8565: 8564: 8554: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8534: 8532: 8525: 8517: 8516: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8507:Virgin Islands 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8482:American Samoa 8478: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8416:South Carolina 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8381:North Carolina 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8217: 8215: 8208: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7574: 7572: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7371: 7369: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7343: 7337: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7228: 7226: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7209:2028 (Houston) 7205: 7204: 7203: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7145: 7144: 7143: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7028:1992 (Houston) 7025: 7024: 7023: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6968:1980 (Detroit) 6965: 6964: 6963: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6868:1960 (Chicago) 6865: 6864: 6863: 6845: 6844: 6843: 6828:1952 (Chicago) 6825: 6824: 6823: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6788:1944 (Chicago) 6785: 6784: 6783: 6765: 6764: 6763: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6728:1932 (Chicago) 6725: 6724: 6723: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6668:1920 (Chicago) 6665: 6664: 6663: 6648:1916 (Chicago) 6645: 6644: 6643: 6624:1912 (Chicago) 6621: 6611:1908 (Chicago) 6608: 6598:1904 (Chicago) 6595: 6582: 6569: 6556: 6546:1888 (Chicago) 6543: 6533:1884 (Chicago) 6530: 6520:1880 (Chicago) 6517: 6504: 6491: 6481:1868 (Chicago) 6478: 6465: 6455:1860 (Chicago) 6452: 6438: 6436: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6339: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6304: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5928: 5927: 5920: 5913: 5905: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5842:(1997–present) 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5777: 5775: 5758: 5757: 5750: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5671: 5666: 5659: 5654: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5410: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5377: 5367: 5357: 5347: 5337: 5327: 5317: 5307: 5297: 5287: 5280:Walter Mondale 5277: 5267: 5257: 5247: 5237: 5227: 5220:Estes Kefauver 5217: 5207: 5197: 5187: 5177: 5167: 5160:Charles Curtis 5157: 5147: 5137: 5127: 5117: 5107: 5097: 5090:Henry G. Davis 5087: 5077: 5067: 5057: 5047: 5037: 5027: 5017: 5010:B. Gratz Brown 5007: 4997: 4987: 4977: 4967: 4957: 4947: 4937: 4927: 4917: 4907: 4897: 4887: 4877: 4870:Nathan Sanford 4867: 4860:John E. Howard 4857: 4847: 4833: 4823: 4813: 4803: 4796:George Clinton 4792: 4791: 4784: 4783: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4315: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4288: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4261: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4234: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4207:Joseph H. Ball 4205: 4202: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4170: 4154: 4151:David I. Walsh 4149: 4145: 4144: 4141:Sinclair Weeks 4139: 4136: 4133:David I. Walsh 4120: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4059: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4012: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3960: 3947:Member of the 3944: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3927: 3917: 3904: 3891: 3886: 3869: 3868:External links 3866: 3865: 3864: 3855: 3849: 3836: 3823: 3821:online reviews 3814: 3801: 3795: 3782: 3776: 3763: 3757: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3717: 3699: 3690: 3656: 3638: 3620: 3599: 3586: 3577: 3547: 3529: 3511: 3506:Newspapers.com 3485: 3480:Newspapers.com 3459: 3454:Newspapers.com 3433: 3431:, p. 345. 3421: 3414: 3402:Moyar (2006). 3394: 3392:, p. 346. 3379: 3377:, p. 325. 3364: 3362:, p. 324. 3349: 3347:, p. 323. 3334: 3332:, p. 311. 3319: 3317:, p. 310. 3307: 3305:, p. 309. 3295: 3283: 3281:, p. 308. 3268: 3266:, p. 307. 3253: 3251:, p. 306. 3236: 3234:, p. 305. 3224: 3222:, p. 304. 3207: 3195: 3193:, p. 303. 3178: 3176:, p. 101. 3166: 3164:, p. 301. 3149: 3137: 3135:, p. 300. 3108: 3106:, p. 299. 3087: 3075: 3073:, p. 298. 3054: 3052:, p. 297. 3037: 3025: 3023:, p. 295. 3010: 3008:, p. 294. 2989: 2974: 2972:, p. 302. 2951: 2949:, p. 291. 2934: 2932:, p. 165. 2915: 2913:, p. 290. 2890: 2878: 2876:, p. 164. 2866: 2851: 2849:, p. 158. 2839: 2837:, p. 289. 2820: 2803: 2791: 2779: 2767: 2765:, p. 288. 2750: 2748:, p. 221. 2735: 2733:, p. 220. 2718: 2716:, p. 286. 2703: 2701:, p. 285. 2688: 2676: 2674:, p. 218. 2659: 2647: 2635: 2620: 2608: 2606:, p. 296. 2596: 2594:, p. 280. 2581: 2569: 2567:, p. 279. 2557: 2545: 2524: 2510: 2508:, p. 297. 2493: 2475: 2468: 2450: 2435: 2428: 2402: 2395: 2369: 2340: 2328: 2306: 2304:, p. 217. 2283: 2276: 2258: 2256:, p. 149. 2246: 2239: 2213: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2171: 2169:, p. 151. 2159: 2139: 2123: 2107: 2099:"Reservations" 2091: 2075: 2050: 2034: 2016: 1997: 1970: 1944: 1914: 1887: 1880: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1828: 1825: 1763: 1760: 1728:Lyndon Johnson 1708: 1705: 1701:Robert A. Taft 1639: 1638: 1628: 1619: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1593: 1590:John W. Byrnes 1584: 1578: 1573: 1565: 1562: 1489:McGeorge Bundy 1476:Dương Văn Minh 1467:Maxwell Taylor 1374:Stanley Karnow 1336:Malcolm Browne 1271: 1270: 1206:. Please help 1192: 1190: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1156:American to a 1130:Vice President 1109: 1106: 1060:United Nations 1051: 1048: 1044:Boston Brahmin 1017: 1014: 1006:Robert A. Taft 965:David I. Walsh 960: 957: 858: 855: 838: 835: 768: 765: 703:David I. Walsh 648:Vice President 619: 618: 615: 614: 612: 611: 610: 609: 598: 596: 592: 591: 586: 582: 581: 576: 575:Branch/service 572: 571: 567: 566: 556: 552: 551: 546: 542: 541: 534: 530: 529: 523: 519: 518: 503: 499: 498: 496: 492: 491: 486: 482: 481: 473:(aged 82) 467: 463: 462: 447: 443: 442: 438: 437: 434: 433: 428: 422: 421: 418: 412: 411: 401: 400: 388:Member of the 385: 384: 382:Sinclair Weeks 379: 373: 372: 367: 361: 360: 350: 349: 346: 340: 339: 337:David I. Walsh 334: 328: 327: 317: 316: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 287: 281: 280: 275: 271: 270: 260: 259: 252: 251: 248: 242: 241: 236: 230: 229: 222: 218: 217: 207: 206: 201: 195: 194: 189: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 164: 163: 157: 156: 151: 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 112: 111: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 86: 80: 79: 66: 62: 61: 51: 50: 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11002: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10800: 10797: 10794: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10772: 10769: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10750: 10747: 10744: 10743:Sherman Adams 10741: 10740: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10725: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10713: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10694: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10673: 10669: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10625: 10618: 10615: 10612: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10600: 10593: 10592:Maurice Stans 10590: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10567: 10563: 10559:Cabinet-level 10556: 10552: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10517: 10510: 10507: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10482: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10448: 10441: 10438: 10435: 10434:Douglas McKay 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10397: 10394: 10391: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10379: 10372: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10348: 10341: 10338: 10335: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10323: 10316: 10313: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10282: 10281:Richard Nixon 10279: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10270: 10263: 10259: 10254: 10251: 10247: 10240: 10235: 10233: 10228: 10226: 10221: 10220: 10217: 10205: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10137:Tôn Thất Đính 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10112:Nguyễn Hữu Có 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10102:Lê Quang Tung 10100: 10098: 10097:Huỳnh Văn Cao 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10077:Lucien Conein 10075: 10074: 10072: 10066: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10014:Ngô Đình Thục 10012: 10010: 10009:Ngô Đình Nhu 10007: 10005: 10004:Ngô Đình Diệm 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9959:Roger Hilsman 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9934:Bui Van Luong 9932: 9931: 9929: 9921: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9828: 9823: 9821: 9816: 9814: 9809: 9808: 9805: 9793: 9792:Gubernatorial 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9706: 9704: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9681:Mark R. Shaw 9677: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9660: 9654: 9653: 9648: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9612: 9607: 9603: 9598: 9594: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9523: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9343: 9338: 9336: 9331: 9329: 9324: 9323: 9320: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9264:Harry F. Byrd 9262: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9234:Farrell Dobbs 9231: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9202: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9092: 9088: 9083: 9079: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9027:Richard Nixon 9023: 9022: 9020: 9016: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8989: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8881: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8849: 8845: 8841: 8833: 8828: 8826: 8821: 8819: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8752:The Wish List 8750: 8748: 8747:Ripon Society 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8598: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8558: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523:organizations 8518: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8456:West Virginia 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8361:New Hampshire 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8321:Massachusetts 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8138: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7760: 7753: 7750: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7609: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7562: 7557: 7551: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7517: 7514: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7475: 7472: 7469: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7360: 7354: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7334:G. H. W. Bush 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7106: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7032:G. H. W. Bush 7029: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7012:G. H. W. Bush 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6996:G. H. W. Bush 6993: 6989: 6988:1984 (Dallas) 6986: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6976:G. H. W. Bush 6973: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6686: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6426: 6419: 6413: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6360: 6355: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5991: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5940: 5926: 5921: 5919: 5914: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5903: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5770: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5461: 5454: 5449: 5447: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5419: 5411: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5330:Joe Lieberman 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5300:Lloyd Bentsen 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5250:Edmund Muskie 5248: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5210:John Sparkman 5208: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5070:Arthur Sewall 5068: 5065: 5061: 5060:Whitelaw Reid 5058: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5040:John A. Logan 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4900:John Sergeant 4898: 4895: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4755: 4754: 4751: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4401: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4363: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4347:David Walters 4339: 4338: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4298: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4222:Warren Austin 4217: 4212: 4208: 4199: 4198: 4191: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4168: 4160: 4159: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4125: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4075: 4074:Richard Nixon 4069: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4042:Massachusetts 4039: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4001: 3996: 3995:Massachusetts 3992: 3988: 3981: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3957: 3955: 3950: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3796:0-684-81202-9 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3777:0-6707-4604-5 3773: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3694: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3624: 3609: 3603: 3596: 3590: 3581: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3556:"Draft Lodge" 3551: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3417: 3415:0-521-86911-0 3411: 3407: 3406: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3311: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3175: 3170: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3084: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3034: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2848: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2807: 2801:, p. 99. 2800: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2747: 2746:Langguth 2000 2742: 2740: 2732: 2731:Langguth 2000 2727: 2725: 2723: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2672:Langguth 2000 2668: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2655:Langguth 2000 2651: 2644: 2639: 2632: 2627: 2625: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2578: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2554: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2520: 2514: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2471: 2469:0-385-18354-2 2465: 2461: 2454: 2446: 2439: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2415: 2406: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2382: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2302:Langguth 2000 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2201: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2175: 2168: 2163: 2155: 2154: 2153:ARMY Magazine 2149: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2032:, 1942-07-42. 2031: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1974: 1959: 1955: 1948: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1883: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1831: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1791:New York City 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1768: 1762:Personal life 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738:by President 1737: 1729: 1726: 1723:meeting with 1722: 1718: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1679:Lodge in 1964 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1650:George Romney 1635: 1626: 1617: 1609: 1600: 1591: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1480:Lucien Conein 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1435:carte blanche 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395:Ngo Dinh Diem 1391: 1389: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1348:loss of China 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:Ngô Đình Diệm 1300: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1267: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1225: – 1224: 1220: 1219:Find sources: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1197:single source 1193:This section 1191: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1173: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134:Richard Nixon 1131: 1127: 1119: 1114: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1004:over Senator 1003: 999: 995: 990: 985: 980: 978: 974: 969: 966: 956: 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 900: 898: 893: 891: 885: 883: 879: 878:Henry Stimson 875: 871: 866: 864: 854: 852: 848: 844: 834: 832: 827: 825: 821: 820:Hasty Pudding 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 764: 762: 759:. He died in 758: 754: 753:North Vietnam 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714:1952 election 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:Richard Nixon 649: 645: 642:, he was the 641: 637: 633: 629: 628:Massachusetts 625: 616: 608: 605: 604: 603: 600: 599: 597: 593: 590: 587: 583: 580: 577: 573: 568: 564: 560: 557: 553: 550: 547: 543: 538: 535: 531: 528: 525:2, including 524: 520: 497: 493: 490: 487: 483: 478: 468: 464: 460: 448: 444: 439: 435: 432: 429: 423: 419: 413: 407: 402: 398: 392: 386: 383: 380: 374: 371: 368: 362: 356: 351: 347: 341: 338: 335: 329: 323: 318: 315: 314:Massachusetts 310: 306: 303: 300: 294: 291: 290:Warren Austin 288: 282: 279: 276: 272: 266: 261: 258: 253: 249: 243: 240: 237: 231: 226: 223: 219: 213: 208: 205: 202: 196: 193: 190: 184: 180: 176: 170: 165: 162: 158: 155: 152: 146: 143: 140: 134: 131: 128: 124: 118: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 94: 90: 87: 81: 78: 74: 70: 69:Richard Nixon 67: 63: 57: 52: 49: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 10915:Lodge family 10880:Cabot family 10680:Val Peterson 10610: 10574:Joseph Dodge 10188:Neil Sheehan 10168:Peter Arnett 10152:Trần Văn Đôn 10117:Nguyễn Khánh 9999:Ngô Đình Cẩn 9983: 9923:Political or 9777: 9758: 9750:Independents 9737:VP nominee: 9736: 9728: 9708:VP nominee: 9707: 9699: 9679:VP nominee: 9678: 9670: 9652:J. B. Stoner 9650:VP nominee: 9649: 9641: 9620: 9557: 9544: 9535:VP nominee: 9534: 9519: 9429: 9419: 9399: 9358:→ 1968 9350:← 1960 9255:Independents 9242: 9232: 9209: 9199: 9176: 9166: 9145:J. B. Stoner 9143: 9135:Orval Faubus 9133: 9110: 9057: 9041: 9040:VP nominee: 9039: 9024: 8918:Ross Barnett 8905:VP nominee: 8904: 8889: 8848:→ 1964 8840:← 1956 8782:Bibliography 8542: 8421:South Dakota 8411:Rhode Island 8406:Pennsylvania 8386:North Dakota 7220:Presidential 7207: 7128:2012 (Tampa) 6875: 6432:presidential 6416:Presidential 6323: 6313: 6306: 6294: 6277: 6255: 6205: 6178: 6171: 6139: 5810: 5800: 5712: 5685: 5673: 5661: 5649: 5632: 5620: 5603: 5591: 5496: 5484: 5340:John Edwards 5229: 5100:John W. Kern 4890:Richard Rush 4702: 4537: 4367: 4335: 4320:Kenneth Rush 4308: 4281: 4254: 4227: 4195: 4165: 4156: 4131: 4122: 4079: 4038:U.S. Senator 4036:nominee for 4032: 3991:U.S. Senator 3989:nominee for 3985: 3946: 3919:A film clip 3908: 3895: 3879: 3859: 3840: 3831: 3827: 3805: 3786: 3767: 3748: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3681:. Retrieved 3669: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3602: 3594: 3589: 3580: 3568:. 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2006 2847:Jacobs 2006 2835:Karnow 1983 2787:Karnow 1983 2775:Jacobs 2006 2763:Karnow 1983 2714:Karnow 1983 2699:Karnow 1983 2684:Karnow 1983 2643:Karnow 1983 2631:Karnow 1983 2616:Karnow 1983 2604:Karnow 1983 2592:Karnow 1983 2577:Karnow 1983 2565:Karnow 1983 2553:Karnow 1983 1990:January 15, 1821:columbarium 1817:lung cancer 1665:Senate race 1554:Philippines 1452:coup d'etat 1138:Gerald Ford 1128:to run for 1032:and before 925:commander, 763:, in 1985. 757:Vietnam War 712:before the 708:He led the 664:Gerald Ford 500:Emily Sears 416:Preceded by 365:Preceded by 332:Preceded by 285:Preceded by 234:Preceded by 187:Preceded by 137:Preceded by 84:Preceded by 73:Gerald Ford 10819:Categories 10107:Lê Văn Kim 10082:Đỗ Cao Trí 10059:Vũ Văn Mẫu 10029:Madame Nhu 9702:Eric Hass 9608:candidates 9563:Jim Rhodes 9548:Hiram Fong 9513:Candidates 9499:Convention 9393:Candidates 9379:Convention 9239:VP nominee 9206:VP nominee 9173:VP nominee 9140:VP nominee 9093:candidates 9018:Candidates 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Kennedy 4341:1970–1977 4314:1968–1969 4287:1965–1967 4276:Max Taylor 4266:Max Taylor 4260:1963–1964 4233:1953–1960 4201:1942–1943 4081:Republican 4034:Republican 3987:Republican 3959:1932–1936 3954:15th Essex 3834:: 149–152. 3741:References 3570:October 1, 3174:Young 1990 2799:Young 1990 2506:White 2009 1320:Madame Nhu 1275:See also: 1234:newspapers 847:Republican 797:John Davis 644:Republican 489:Republican 452:1902-07-05 397:15th Essex 10705:Leo Hoegh 10686:Leo Hoegh 10250:President 9925:religious 9904:Cable 243 9729:Nominee: 9700:Nominee: 9671:Nominee: 9642:Nominee: 9621:Nominee: 9520:Nominee: 9504:Primaries 9473:Sam Yorty 9438:Pat Brown 9384:Primaries 9201:Eric Hass 9025:Nominee: 9009:Primaries 8923:Pat Brown 8890:Nominee: 8874:Primaries 8772:Primaries 8708:Factional 8638:Sectional 8475:Territory 8461:Wisconsin 8426:Tennessee 8331:Minnesota 8306:Louisiana 8207:territory 8205:state and 8092:Gillespie 8077:Nicholson 8013:R. Morton 7993:T. 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Hale 7405:Allison 7399:Sherman 7393:Edmunds 7387:Sherman 7381:Anthony 7359:leaders 7292:Harding 7238:Johnson 7232:Lincoln 6796:Bricker 6772:Willkie 6672:Harding 6632:Sherman 6619:Sherman 6515:Wheeler 6476:Johnson 6472:Lincoln 6459:Lincoln 6446:Frémont 6418:tickets 6379:History 6319:Gutmann 6302:Grenell 6296:Logsdon 6290:Emerson 6241:Kimmitt 6236:Walters 6196:Dowling 6157:Sackett 6067:Sargent 6022:Barnard 6007:Wheaton 5890:Knapper 5796:Nolting 5791:Durbrow 5713:Italics 5651:DiCarlo 5577:Perkins 5567:Walters 5557:McHenry 5522:Wiggins 5486:Johnson 4723:Tsongas 4693:Gillett 4653:Everett 4633:Silsbee 4586:Class 2 4503:Rantoul 4493:Webster 4483:Webster 4443:Goodhue 4426:Class 1 4084:nominee 4047:Class 1 4000:Class 2 2542:. NATO. 2068:June 7, 1754:to the 1715:Lodge, 1663:in the 1248:scholar 1158:Cabinet 1058:to the 931:Austria 516: 504: 10638:(1953) 10505:(1953) 10087:Đỗ Mậu 9892:Policy 9841:Events 9787:Senate 9307:Senate 8710:groups 8640:groups 8602:groups 8401:Oregon 8356:Nevada 8296:Kansas 8271:Hawaii 8226:Alaska 8116:Steele 8111:Duncan 8106:Duncan 8043:Laxalt 7998:Miller 7988:Alcorn 7938:Martin 7913:Huston 7903:Butler 7888:Wilcox 7883:Hilles 7843:Carter 7813:Jewell 7798:Morgan 7778:Morgan 7771:Chairs 7716:Michel 7710:Rhodes 7692:Martin 7662:Cannon 7632:Cannon 7626:Keifer 7602:Blaine 7598:(1869) 7590:Colfax 7570:chairs 7485:(1953) 7471:Wherry 7459:McNary 7453:Austin 7447:McNary 7441:Watson 7435:Curtis 7417:Cullom 7367:chairs 7328:Reagan 7304:Hoover 7262:Arthur 7258:(1881) 7132:Romney 7112:McCain 7096:Cheney 7076:Cheney 7036:Quayle 7016:Quayle 6992:Reagan 6972:Reagan 6896:Miller 6816:Warren 6776:McNary 6752:Landon 6736:Curtis 6732:Hoover 6716:Curtis 6712:Hoover 6652:Hughes 6636:Butler 6580:Hobart 6554:Morton 6537:Blaine 6528:Arthur 6502:Wilson 6489:Colfax 6463:Hamlin 6450:Dayton 6285:Murphy 6279:Koenig 6273:Timken 6251:Redman 6201:McGhee 6186:Conant 6180:Morris 6167:Wilson 6141:Dresel 6135:Gerard 6105:Runyon 6087:Runyon 6082:Phelps 6072:Kasson 6057:Taylor 6042:Wright 6032:Wright 5870:Palmer 5860:Marine 5821:Martin 5816:Bunker 5806:Taylor 5628:Bolton 5492:Austin 4738:Markey 4718:Brooke 4663:Wilson 4618:Varnum 4608:Foster 4603:Dexter 4593:Strong 4568:Warren 4528:Butler 4508:Sumner 4488:Choate 4473:Mellen 4468:Ashmun 4433:Dalton 3847: 3812: 3793: 3774: 3755: 3676: 3412: 2466: 2426: 2393: 2274: 2237: 1878: 1721:others 1719:, and 1637: 1632: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1614: 1612: 1604: 1597: 1595: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1535:Cholon 1291:, and 1250: 1243: 1236: 1229: 1221: 890:Tobruk 882:Gazala 527:George 510: 495:Spouse 479:, U.S. 461:, U.S. 9782:House 9413:Daisy 9302:House 8431:Texas 8311:Maine 8276:Idaho 8214:State 8033:Brock 8028:Smith 8008:Bliss 8003:Burch 7963:Scott 7958:Reece 7943:Walsh 7898:Adams 7853:Payne 7848:Hanna 7823:Jones 7818:Sabin 7686:Snell 7537:Frist 7519:Baker 7507:Baker 7501:Scott 7465:White 7429:Lodge 7346:Trump 7316:Nixon 7250:Hayes 7244:Grant 7196:Vance 7192:Trump 7176:Pence 7172:Trump 7156:Pence 7152:Trump 7116:Palin 6936:Agnew 6932:Nixon 6916:Agnew 6912:Nixon 6876:Lodge 6872:Nixon 6856:Nixon 6836:Nixon 6812:Dewey 6792:Dewey 6696:Dawes 6541:Logan 6511:Hayes 6498:Grant 6485:Grant 6324:Price 6314:Price 6268:Coats 6226:Burns 6206:Lodge 6191:Bruce 6120:Tower 6115:White 6062:White 6052:Davis 6027:Vroom 5980:Adams 5880:Osius 5875:Shear 5811:Lodge 5801:Lodge 5781:Heath 5687:Mills 5681:Craft 5675:Cohen 5669:Haley 5663:Sison 5657:Power 5634:Wolff 5552:Young 5537:Scali 5497:Lodge 4733:Cowan 4728:Kerry 4688:Walsh 4678:Crane 4648:Davis 4643:Bates 4638:Davis 4628:Lloyd 4563:Brown 4548:Smith 4533:Walsh 4518:Dawes 4478:Mills 4458:Lloyd 4453:Adams 4448:Mason 4438:Cabot 4374:1960 4040:from 3993:from 2540:(PDF) 1515:view. 1255:JSTOR 1241:books 1096:on a 911:Paris 845:as a 751:with 638:. 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Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.

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