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employed in the guard, search, rescue and other types of services. The modern world presents people with new tasks, which are successfully solved with the help of dogs. For example, in the United States, legally protected geese often pose serious problems for life and work. Here, border collies and other strong-eyed herding dogs are used to patrol crops, residential and recreational areas, parks, beaches, golf courses and, above all, airports. Protection from birds with the help of herding dogs turned out to be the most effective and only easily implemented way: walking through the patrolled area several times a day, the dogs force the geese to settle in places where they cause less trouble, while the nature is not being harmed.
455:, with the massive spread of sheep breeding and with an increase in the share of cultivated and populated land, the main task of herding dogs was to protect crops, private and protected areas from harm during grazing and moving herds. Shepherd dogs were more suitable for this work than larger and stronger breeds, being medium-sized and mobile. Such dogs managed small and large livestock, as well as domestic birds. In addition to the Central European type of shepherd, another type of dog has emerged, often with thick hair, more suitable for colder areas. These dogs have shown not only the ability to manage the herd, but also to protect it. With the spread of reindeer breeding among the northern peoples, hunting
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and have a lot of stamina. Their paws are well protected from thorns and sharp stones: toes are compressed into a tight lump, paw pads are thick, claws are strong. The coat has structure and density to protect from getting wet and temperature extremes common in the region of the breed origin. All herding dogs have excellent eyesight and hearing. Cattle dog colors are varied and depend on local breeders' preferences, but all herding dogs should have well-pigmented eyelids, lips, nose and paw pads, because pink skin is too delicate and prone to wounds and sunburn.
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376:. Shepherding was a difficult task: primitive herders did not have horses and moved their cattle for grazing on foot as horses and donkeys were not yet fully domesticated and obedient enough. Dogs that were previously helping humans in hunting, became assistants in livestock maintenance. The main task for dogs in the early stages of cattle breeding was protecting herds from a variety of wild predators, that were very numerous.
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All shepherd dogs are born athletes. Their high need for physical and intellectual activity can be replenished not only by sports grazing, but also by other types of cynological sports. Border
Collies as owners of outstanding sports qualities, Belgian Shepherds, Australian Shepherds invariably occupy
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During the selection process, the physical characteristics of the dogs were formed, allowing them to do their job in the best possible way. Regardless of the conditions in which herding dogs work and what function they perform, they all have a number of common characteristics. Herding dogs are strong
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These commands may be indicated by a hand movement, whistle or voice. There are many other commands that are also used when working stock and in general use away from stock. Herding dog commands are generally taught using livestock as the modus operandi. Urban owners without access to livestock are
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This function predetermined herding dogs' characteristics: they had to be strong, vicious, courageous, decisive, able to stand alone against a large predator and, most importantly, ready to defend their herd. The history of the ancestors of herding dogs can be traced back to six thousand years ago,
488:
In countries where herding is preserved, herding dogs continue to work for their main purpose and are appreciated as effective and even irreplaceable helpers that can save labor costs and avoid investments in expensive equipment. Economic studies in
Australia have shown that herding dogs are worth
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The combination of quick learning ability, physical strength, endurance, predatory behavior with dedication to the owner and a desire to work has led to the widespread use of large
European Shepherds for a number of other civil and military jobs. These are the most common police and military dogs
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Dogs of herding breeds now often live in urban or suburban neighbourhoods. Their owners need to maintain their physical and mental health, taking into consideration their herding instinct and qualities. The services of dog-trainers are in demand, along with the training centres for working and
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and need to be physically and mentally active. They retain their herding instincts and may sometimes nip at people's heels or bump them in an effort to 'herd' their family, and may need to be trained not to do so. Their activity level and intelligence makes them excellent canine athletes. The
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irrespective of their breeding. Some herding breeds work well with any kind of animals; others have been bred for generations to work with specific kinds of animals and have developed physical characteristics or styles of working that enhance their ability to handle these animals. Commonly
322:, whose primary function is to guard flocks and herds from predation and theft, and they lack the herding instinct. Although herding dogs may guard flocks their primary purpose is to move them; both herding dogs and livestock guardian dogs may be called "sheep dogs".
545:
sporting herding dogs, offering sheep rental and walks in the pasture. Dogs living in the suburbs and villages can work with small groups of animals or poultry. Sometimes owners even buy a few sheep so that their dogs can enjoy what they were originally bred for.
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Most breeds of
Central European shepherd dogs – with erect ears and short hair on the head, similar to wolves, were mainly formed in the 16th to 17th centuries, the breeds of curly-haired dogs of the Northern European type were formed later.
163:
behavior. Through selective breeding, humans have been able to minimize the dog's natural inclination to treat cattle and sheep as prey while simultaneously maintaining the dog's hunting skills, thereby creating an effective herding dog.
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leading positions in agility, flyball, frisbee, dog dancing, obedience. At the same time, in service, sport and show dogs of herding breeds that do not interact with livestock, the herding instinct is gradually weakened.
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These are not the only commands used: there are many variations. When whistles are used, each individual dog usually has a different set of commands to avoid confusion when several dogs are being worked at one time.
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Herding instincts and trainability can be measured when introducing a dog to livestock or at noncompetitive herding tests. Individuals exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.
450:
The development of agriculture, increasing number of settlements and foundation of cities have led to a decrease in the number of predators. After the extinction of large predators in most of Europe and
415:, the progenitors of herding dogs appeared in the 6th to 7th centuries BC. According to archaeological research, cattle breeding and agriculture spread across Europe in different ways: along the
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more than five times their cost, including training and maintenance. Meanwhile, the popularity and the number of herding dogs are growing, and the scope of work for them is narrowing.
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Creating herding dog breeds is associated with the development of cattle breeding. Domestication of sheep and goats began in the 8-7th millennium BC. Originally this process began in
639:
In the US, regular events are run by the United States Border Collie
Handler's Association, Australian Shepherd Club of America, American Kennel Club and many others.
408:, their images are found in works of art created more than two thousand years ago. These dogs were used not only to guard herds, but also for military purposes.
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archaeological findings of the joint remains of sheep and dogs date back to 3685 BC. The place of their origin is considered to be the territories of modern
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748:- move away from the stock. Used when the dog is working too close to the stock, potentially causing the stock stress. Occasionally used as a reprimand.
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dogs, who act as a "living fence", guiding large flocks of sheep to graze, while preventing them from eating valuable crops and wandering onto roads.
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or cowdog trials. Australian
Shepherd Club of America trials are referred to as stockdog trials. Competitions sponsored by the American Kennel Club
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From the regions of
Western Asia, herding spread to west and north, followed by an increase in the number of domestic animals. On the territory of
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Originally used solely as a herding dog, the
Australian Shepherd has become one of the most popular companion dog breeds in North America.
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in which herding dogs move animals around a field, fences, gates, or enclosures as directed by their handlers is called a
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use both these methods and also run along the backs of sheep so are said to head, heel, and back. Other types such as the
728:- gather the stock into a group. Good working dogs will cast over a large area. This is not a command but an attribute.
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Serpell, James; Serpell, Professor of Humane Ethics & Animal
Welfare James; Barrett, Priscilla (1995-09-21).
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in a group. They consistently go to the front or head of the animals to turn or stop the animal's movement. The
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780:- return for a missed animal. Also used after a shed is completed and rejoined the flock or packet of sheep.
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774:- bark at stock. Useful when more force is needed, and usually not essential for working cattle and sheep.
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were historically used in a similar fashion in the cattle droves that moved cattle from Wales to the
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Market, England, with ÂŁ6,300 ($ 10,270) for Dewi Fan. The previous record was ÂŁ5,145 ($ 8,390)
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depending on the area. Such events are particularly associated with hill farming areas, where
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In general terms when categorizing dog breeds, herding dogs are considered a subcategory of
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or driving dogs keep pushing the animals forward. Typically, they stay behind the herd. The
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The world record price for a working sheep dog was broken
February 2011 at the auction at
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and other farming nations, and have occasionally even become primetime television fare.
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are well known, as are the Australian kelpie and Australian Working kelpie, Welsh
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United States Border Collie Handler's Association events are referred to as
841: – Dog type bred for the purpose of protecting livestock from predators
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Dogs can work other animals in a variety of ways. Some breeds, such as the
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The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behaviour and Interactions with People
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758:- Used by some handlers as a direction and a distance from the sheep.
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that were developed for herding. A dog specifically trained to herd
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World record price broken again at Skipton working dogs sale. pdf
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The term "herding dog" is sometimes erroneously used to describe
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1125:"Estimating the Economic Value of Australian Stock Herding Dogs"
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734:- search for stock. A good dog will hold the stock until the
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Arnott, E.; Early, J.; Wade, C.; McGreevy, P. (2014-05-01).
790:- go through a gap in the flock. Used when separating stock.
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In the 21st century herding dogs are often chosen as family
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1283:"New Zealanders began this unusual sport ... in 1889"
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Herding Dogs: Selecting and Training the Working Farm Dog
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Herding Dogs: Selection and Training the Working Farm Dog
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arrives. Some will bark when the stock have been located.
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674:- go to the left of the stock, or clockwise around them.
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Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2019-05-17).
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Dogs of the Shepherds: A Review of the Pastoral Breeds
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and some of the best-known herding dogs, such as the
194:, get in front of the animals and use what is called
833:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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able to teach basic commands through herding games.
246:uses its loud, deep bark to muster mobs of sheep.
987:Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010).
870:
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187:in London but are rarely used for herding today.
37:"Heeler" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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918:"Heading dogs, huntaways and all-purpose dogs"
857:
847: – Dog trained to perform practical tasks
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2179:
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198:to stare down the animals; they are known as
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459:-like dogs were "retrained" into shepherds.
1238:Free-Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation
1129:Sport and Working Animal Welfare Collection
898:
896:
541:are more popular as family companion dogs.
466:
136:For a complete list of herding breeds, see
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2186:
2172:
1372:
1358:
359:
1328:Article about German Shepherds in Herding
1184:Renna, Christine Hartnagle (2012-04-10).
124:or shepherd dog, and one trained to herd
30:For a dog trained to protect a herd, see
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71:
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829:Dogs (Protection of Livestock) Act 1953
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604:land. These trials are popular in the
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2466:Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)
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1183:
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930:Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy (2005).
902:
874:
810:- stop working and return to handler.
396:. Shepherd dogs are mentioned in the
128:is known as a cattle dog or cow dog.
2471:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
1285:An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966
1061:
1059:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
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447:to central and southwestern France.
333:they usually form a separate group.
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875:Renna, Christine Hartnagle (2008).
131:
24:
1235:Gompper, Matthew E. (2013-10-17).
1147:
1086:
831: – United Kingdom legislation
423:rivers to the territory of modern
336:Australia has the world's largest
242:, working more independently. The
25:
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2226:Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
1345:Profile of AKC Herding Group Dogs
1323:Definitions of herding-dog styles
1316:
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1020:
311:, although it is not unusual for
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1069:Livestock Handling and Transport
907:. Canine Training Systems (CTS).
105:that either has been trained in
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1276:
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1228:
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1177:
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1016:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1102:. Cambridge University Press.
1005:
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804:- move in closer to the stock.
269:
13:
1:
1036:Hancock, David (2014-08-31).
851:
368:, on the territory of modern
2824:List of domesticated animals
764:- keep stock where they are.
27:Type of dog used for herding
7:
2436:Miniature American Shepherd
2000:List of longest-living dogs
879:. Kennel Club Books (KCB).
822:
10:
2881:
2865:Human–animal communication
1973:Origin of the domestic dog
1871:Breed-specific legislation
1712:Psychiatric assistance dog
650:Basic herding dog commands
571:
383:Roman relief of a Herdsman
356:are bred and found there.
286:herding dogs are known as
190:Other breeds, notably the
135:
77:Sheepdog transported with
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29:
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2321:Carea Castellano Manchego
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1986:
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1190:. Fox Chapel Publishing.
1141:10.7120/09627286.23.2.189
112:or belongs to one of the
2561:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
2195:Herding and droving dogs
1379:
1066:Grandin, Temple (2007).
662:at work with hair sheep.
600:range widely on largely
467:Physical characteristics
2481:Polish Lowland Sheepdog
2451:New Zealand Heading Dog
2296:Cane Lupino del Gigante
2115:List of individual dogs
2110:Domesticated silver fox
1702:Mobility assistance dog
991:. Alpine Publications.
934:. Alpine Publications.
903:Hartnagle, Jeanne Joy.
360:Origins of herding dogs
320:livestock guardian dogs
315:to be handled by dogs.
2506:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
2120:List of fictional dogs
1434:Livestock guardian dog
1163:. Dogwise Publishing.
839:Livestock guardian dog
663:
569:
485:
384:
206:or fetching dogs keep
185:Smithfield Meat Market
152:
86:
69:
53:
32:Livestock guardian dog
2819:Human uses of animals
2696:Search and rescue dog
2331:Catahoula Leopard Dog
2311:CĂŁo da Serra de Aires
2211:Australian Cattle Dog
1788:Search and rescue dog
1212:"Nordic Herding Dogs"
657:
564:
500:breeds including the
483:
382:
181:Pembroke Welsh Corgis
169:Australian Cattle Dog
159:behavior is modified
146:
75:
59:
47:
2686:Military working dog
2476:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
2461:Old English Sheepdog
2446:Nenets Herding Laika
2316:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
2281:Bouvier des Flandres
2276:Bouvier des Ardennes
1843:Dog–cat relationship
1690:Medical response dog
956:"Sheep Herding Dogs"
539:Old English Sheepdog
354:Red and Blue Heelers
252:German Shepherd Dogs
244:New Zealand Huntaway
83:Fairlie, New Zealand
2486:Portuguese Sheepdog
2251:Bergamasco Shepherd
2231:Basque Shepherd Dog
2221:Australian Shepherd
1634:List of crossbreeds
1397:African village dog
557:Competitive herding
523:Australian Shepherd
476:In the modern world
224:Australian Shepherd
2426:Magellan sheep dog
2401:Icelandic Sheepdog
1338:2019-06-09 at the
1333:Handling livestock
905:Herding I, II, III
664:
570:
486:
400:, the writings of
385:
331:conformation shows
153:
93:, also known as a
87:
70:
54:
2847:
2846:
2569:
2568:
2531:Spanish Water Dog
2521:Shetland Sheepdog
2501:Pyrenean Sheepdog
2416:Lancashire Heeler
2381:Garafian Shepherd
2376:Galician Palleiro
2351:Croatian Sheepdog
2266:Bohemian Shepherd
2216:Australian Kelpie
2161:
2160:
2041:Rabies in animals
1968:Human–canine bond
1546:Bull-type terrier
1248:978-0-19-164011-7
1197:978-1-59378-653-3
1170:978-1-61781-251-4
1109:978-0-521-42537-7
1079:978-1-84593-220-6
1049:978-1-84797-809-7
998:978-1-57779-106-5
932:All About Aussies
886:978-1-59378-737-0
527:Shetland Sheepdog
437:Mediterranean Sea
258:are historically
220:Australian Koolie
216:Australian Kelpie
50:Australian Kelpie
16:(Redirected from
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2802:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2541:Swedish Vallhund
2536:Swedish Lapphund
2456:Norwegian Buhund
2421:Lapponian Herder
2371:Finnish Lapphund
2366:Faroese Sheepdog
2361:English Shepherd
2336:Catalan Sheepdog
2246:Belgian Shepherd
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1918:Dogs in religion
1781:usage by country
1402:Free-ranging dog
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578:The competitive
295:animals include
248:Belgian Malinois
228:English Shepherd
151:directing ducks.
147:A nine-week-old
132:Herding behavior
21:
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1317:External links
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1296:"A Dog's Show"
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1241:. OUP Oxford.
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1160:Stockdog Savvy
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594:stockdog trial
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574:Sheepdog trial
572:Main article:
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435:, through the
402:Cato the Elder
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342:sheep stations
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2125:Lists of dogs
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40:
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19:
2860:Herding dogs
2753:Riding horse
2670:
2326:Carea Leonés
2291:Can de Chira
2194:
2051:Reproduction
2021:Conformation
1963:Fear of dogs
1913:Dog grooming
1906:2007 recalls
1891:Dog fighting
1838:Intelligence
1751:Fighting dog
1731:Carriage dog
1654:Most popular
1611:Turnspit dog
1423:
1419:Hairless dog
1304:
1299:, 1981, TVNZ
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1219:. Retrieved
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963:. Retrieved
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614:South Africa
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531:Rough Collie
518:working dogs
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18:Herding dogs
2839:Pack animal
2758:Stock horse
2738:Guide horse
2733:Draft horse
2711:Therapy dog
2701:Service dog
2676:Hunting dog
2671:Herding dog
2656:Draught dog
2619:Bali cattle
2511:Schapendoes
2061:Vaccination
1958:Dog walking
1928:Dog licence
1901:dog biscuit
1886:Dog daycare
1876:Cynanthropy
1854:interaction
1707:Therapy dog
1695:Seizure dog
1685:Hearing dog
1446:Hunting dog
1424:Herding dog
1042:. Crowood.
845:Working dog
835:(in the UK)
634:New Zealand
568:dog herding
433:Netherlands
427:, northern
392:, Iraq and
280:New Zealand
270:Terminology
103:type of dog
99:working dog
91:herding dog
2854:Categories
2743:Pack horse
2691:Police dog
2526:Smithfield
2516:Schipperke
1953:Dog sports
1776:Police dog
1721:Attack dog
1675:Autism dog
1644:Crossbreed
1527:Sighthound
1505:Scenthound
1412:Street dog
1221:2021-10-26
852:References
808:That'll do
702:(lie) down
680:, or just
678:Away to me
329:, but for
240:loose eyed
196:strong eye
175:) and the
2829:Livestock
2681:Mercy dog
2666:Guide dog
2661:Guard dog
2634:Dromedary
2431:McNab dog
2261:Blue Lacy
2241:Beauceron
1948:Dog theft
1852:Human–dog
1771:Mercy dog
1756:Guard dog
1736:Catch dog
1680:Guide dog
1556:Schnauzer
1515:Coonhound
1493:Water dog
1478:Retriever
1439:Sheep dog
778:Look back
752:Keep away
720:take time
630:Australia
580:dog sport
443:, up the
276:Australia
208:livestock
161:predatory
138:Sheep dog
122:sheep dog
110:livestock
95:stock dog
79:livestock
2780:Reindeer
2748:Pit pony
2706:Sled dog
2396:Huntaway
2143:Category
2071:Training
2031:Dog food
2026:Diseases
2011:Breeding
1943:Dog show
1938:Dog park
1933:Dog meat
1896:Dog food
1881:Dog bite
1808:Behavior
1793:Sled dog
1766:Meat dog
1551:Pinscher
1520:Foxhound
1336:Archived
1072:. CABI.
1014:, 1966,
965:18 April
920:, Te Ara
823:See also
800:or just
772:speak up
736:shepherd
670:or just
602:unfenced
431:and the
309:reindeer
293:mustered
282:and the
236:moderate
177:Cardigan
2103:Related
2079:Clicker
2006:Anatomy
1978:Therapy
1866:Baiting
1831:Howling
1821:Barking
1798:War dog
1761:Lap dog
1726:Bay dog
1599:Toy dog
1570:Bulldog
1565:Mastiff
1541:Terrier
1532:Longdog
1488:Spaniel
1473:Pointer
1468:Gun dog
1461:Lurcher
1407:Pye-dog
1273:events.
1271:herding
798:walk on
794:Walk up
784:In here
742:Get out
668:Come by
644:Skipton
610:Ireland
439:to the
425:Germany
313:poultry
260:tending
256:Briards
212:heelers
204:headers
200:headers
173:heelers
157:herding
107:herding
101:, is a
2718:Donkey
2411:Koolie
2286:Briard
2206:Armant
2153:Portal
1988:Health
1621:Breeds
1604:Bichon
1510:Basset
1483:Setter
1429:Collie
1245:
1194:
1167:
1106:
1076:
1046:
995:
938:
883:
716:Steady
624:, the
622:Canada
510:Corgis
498:collie
496:. The
429:France
417:Danube
413:Europe
390:Turkey
350:Kelpie
346:Koolie
297:cattle
202:. The
126:cattle
114:breeds
62:Koolie
39:Healer
2765:Llama
2728:Horse
2723:Gayal
2624:Camel
1996:Aging
1663:Roles
1592:Tugou
1587:Laika
1582:Husky
1577:Spitz
1500:Hound
1456:Feist
1389:Types
692:Stand
618:Chile
598:sheep
457:spitz
445:Rhone
421:Rhine
406:Varro
394:Syria
305:goats
301:sheep
118:sheep
66:sheep
2770:Mule
2496:Pumi
2491:Puli
2441:Mudi
2036:Odor
2016:Coat
1381:Dogs
1243:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1044:ISBN
993:ISBN
967:2015
936:ISBN
881:ISBN
802:walk
788:here
768:Bark
762:Hold
756:keep
746:back
732:Find
726:Cast
710:stay
698:Wait
682:away
537:and
514:bred
504:and
494:pets
441:Alps
419:and
404:and
374:Iraq
372:and
370:Iran
340:and
307:and
254:and
234:are
230:and
218:and
179:and
155:All
2790:Yak
2641:Dog
1451:Cur
1267:AKC
1137:doi
786:or
770:or
754:or
744:or
718:or
708:or
706:sit
704:or
686:way
684:or
626:USA
592:or
516:as
274:In
238:to
97:or
81:in
48:An
2856::
2775:Ox
1214:.
1149:^
1133:23
1131:.
1127:.
1088:^
1058:^
1022:^
975:^
958:.
895:^
859:^
796:,
700:,
672:by
658:A
632:,
628:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
588:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
352:,
348:,
303:,
299:,
278:,
250:,
226:,
89:A
60:A
2595:e
2588:t
2581:v
2187:e
2180:t
2173:v
2002:)
1998:(
1373:e
1366:t
1359:v
1251:.
1224:.
1200:.
1173:.
1143:.
1139::
1112:.
1082:.
1052:.
1001:.
969:.
944:.
889:.
140:.
68:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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