102:
522:). However, in most cases when such conventions are violated, it does not create an internal conflict as in the present case (that is, the order Hemiptera has a suborder named Heteroptera, which is an internal conflict). At least some hemipterists argue that the name Heteroptera should be dropped entirely to eliminate this internal conflict, though the third possibility offers a workaround. In that case, to achieve full consistency of names "Coleorrhyncha" would probably be dropped in favor of "Peloridiomorpha".
471:(comprising only 13 small genera). The ongoing conflict between traditional, Linnaean classifications and nontraditional classifications is exemplified by the problem inherent in continued usage of the name Heteroptera when it no longer can be matched to any standard Linnaean rank (as it falls below suborder but above infraorder). If this classification succeeds, then the "Heteroptera" grouping may be discarded, but in that case it is likely that no ranks will be used at all according to the standards of
124:
357:
428:. Only recently has it been relegated to a subsidiary rank within a larger definition of Hemiptera, so many reference works still include it as an order. Whether to continue treating it as a suborder is still a subject of some controversy, as is whether the name itself should ever be used, although three basic approaches ranging from abolishing it entirely to maintaining the
513:
Separate from the question of the actual "closeness" of
Heteroptera and Coleorrhyncha is the potential disruption to traditional construction of names; there seems to be reluctance among hemipterists to abandon the use of "Heteroptera". This can be seen by the name itself, as it is a violation of
482:; "Heteroptera" is treated the same. Functionally, the only difference between this classification and the preceding is that the former uses the name Prosorrhyncha to refer to a particular clade, while the traditional approach divides this into the
340:, comprise a significant component of the world's aquatic and semiaquatic insects. There are 23 families, 343 genera and 4,810 species group taxa within these three infraorders. Most of the remaining groups that are common and familiar are in the
596:
Sorensen, J. T., B. C. Campbell, R. J. Gill & J. D. Steffen-Campbell (1995): Non-monophyly of
Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications with pre-Heteropteroidea Hemiptera
493:
Alternatively, the modified approach of placing
Coleorrhyncha 'within' the Heteroptera can be used. Indeed, as that solution preserves the well-known Heteroptera at the taxonomic rank they traditionally hold while making them a good
510:
main radiation. Whether the name "Coleorrhyncha" is to be retained for the basal lineage or whether the more consistent "Peloridiomorpha" is used instead is a matter of taste, as described below.
266:. They are sometimes called "true bugs", though that name more commonly refers to the Hemiptera as a whole. "Typical bugs" might be used as a more unequivocal alternative, since the
490:
Coleorrhyncha. Many believe it is preferable to use only one name because the characteristics of the two traditional suborders are too closely related to be treated as separate.
502:– as yet unnamed, mainly because the Prosorrhyncha were proposed earlier – within the "expanded" Heteroptera, or the latter could simply be described as consisting of a
653:
413:
451:, and Heteroptera is a rankless subgroup within it. The only difference between Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha is that the latter includes the family
1606:
2327:
2068:
1828:
1653:
635:
2337:
2000:
2641:
515:
498:
group, it seems preferable to the paraphyletic "Heteroptera" used in older works. In that case, the "core" Heteroptera could be considered a
393:
270:
are most consistently and universally termed "bugs" among the
Hemiptera. "Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have
2740:
409:
2589:
514:
convention to use the ending "-ptera" for any rank above genus other than an order – though since it is a convention rather than a
2615:
2620:
518:, taxonomists are technically free to violate it (which is why, for example, not all insect orders end in "-ptera", e.g.,
708:
2697:
2568:
440:. The competing classifications call for a preference for two suborders versus one when the "living fossil" family
2646:
2581:
2666:
2628:
2511:
389:
123:
401:
361:
2735:
2702:
2656:
499:
472:
306:
425:
190:
618:
538:
467:
Sorensen et al. are identical except that
Prosorrhyncha contains one additional infraorder, called
701:
2679:
2516:
2464:
478:
In the traditional classification, the
Peloridiidae are retained as their own suborder, called
325:" relatives of the traditional Heteroptera, close enough to them to be united with that group.
2689:
2674:
2502:
365:
2725:
2537:
317:
clade, which in turn is in the
Hemiptera clade. This results from the realization that the
286:
636:
Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhyncha to
Cimicomorpha). Gerrids, Reduviids, Water-striders
8:
405:
101:
285:
The name "Heteroptera" is used in two very different ways in modern classifications. In
2730:
1627:
1504:
1495:
694:
579:
429:
279:
216:
118:
634:
Cassis, Gerasimos & Gross, Gordon (1995): Australian
Biological Resources Study –
1287:
1247:
1009:
559:
503:
385:
583:
369:
2370:
2312:
2307:
2141:
2052:
1815:
1593:
1585:
1512:
1295:
1157:
571:
555:
456:
377:
373:
654:"Check-list and keys to the families and subfamilies of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera"
2365:
2332:
2271:
2175:
2170:
2107:
2082:
1823:
1676:
1517:
1481:
1471:
1453:
1389:
1044:
777:
542:
468:
421:
345:
329:
294:
248:
236:
226:
211:
2633:
2576:
2563:
2391:
2149:
2031:
1794:
1765:
1567:
1476:
1461:
1332:
1319:
1226:
1197:
1077:
981:
865:
824:
110:
622:
575:
463:
superfamily and infraorder. In other words, the
Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha
2719:
2439:
2427:
2399:
2258:
2198:
2180:
2136:
2120:
2005:
1990:
1888:
1637:
1622:
1614:
1348:
1271:
1263:
1173:
1049:
986:
951:
912:
899:
834:
814:
479:
448:
322:
318:
314:
59:
686:
447:
In one revised classification proposed in 1995, the name of the suborder is
2487:
2360:
2211:
2036:
2026:
1995:
1957:
1940:
1926:
1914:
1867:
1859:
1705:
1692:
1658:
1466:
1433:
1379:
1255:
1218:
1181:
1136:
961:
886:
878:
789:
761:
495:
487:
483:
452:
441:
381:
356:
341:
302:
298:
206:
2602:
2496:
2378:
2289:
2224:
2206:
2188:
2157:
1985:
1786:
1534:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1279:
1210:
1202:
1165:
1034:
1029:
971:
943:
926:
433:
333:
275:
221:
34:
2594:
2529:
2322:
2281:
2263:
2044:
1949:
1846:
1838:
1802:
1719:
1361:
1234:
1152:
1039:
1024:
1019:
996:
904:
891:
829:
819:
798:
436:
is proposed, two of which (but not the traditional one) agree with the
337:
231:
79:
44:
2607:
2550:
2342:
2302:
2294:
2234:
2219:
2193:
2091:
1965:
1744:
1736:
1700:
1551:
1402:
1394:
1340:
1239:
1126:
956:
749:
737:
718:
460:
437:
397:
263:
175:
155:
135:
84:
2458:
675:
Heteropteran Systematics Lab at University of California, Riverside
560:"Global diversity of true bugs (Heteroptera; Insecta) in freshwater"
2555:
2524:
2481:
2407:
2350:
2250:
2242:
2162:
2099:
2060:
1973:
1880:
1757:
1684:
1572:
1559:
1311:
1303:
1189:
1097:
1089:
1004:
991:
976:
966:
755:
507:
290:
271:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2355:
2317:
2018:
2010:
1893:
1773:
1014:
519:
89:
64:
2542:
681:
860:
844:
743:
731:
165:
145:
2431:
1913:
1424:
1110:
676:
310:
658:
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology
262:
are a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the order
360:
Anatomy of the dorsal aspect of a shield bug. A: head; B:
651:
623:
Hemiptera. True bugs, cicadas, leafhoppers, aphids, etc.
1258:(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)
625:. Version of January 1, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
545:. Version of January 1, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
420:
The use of the name "Heteroptera" has had the rank of
2438:. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as
638:. Version of June 30, 1995. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
274:with both membranous and hardened portions (called
601:) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders.
2717:
554:
2047:(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
1675:
1452:
716:
702:
775:
1075:
548:
709:
695:
100:
355:
2718:
516:mandatory rule of Linnean nomenclature
278:); members of the primitive sub-group
2463:
2462:
1423:
1074:
774:
690:
2657:c14e249f-eb36-4d0a-85d2-bbba4ed96534
2582:7c9ab017-1489-48b2-8037-ca2e0ec2bc6a
2201:(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)
682:Identification guide to UK Hemiptera
652:China, W.E.; Miller, N.C.E. (1959).
2013:(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
1960:(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
1617:(marsh treaders or water measurers)
506:"living fossil" lineage and a more
241:
13:
664:(1). London: British Museum: 1–45.
645:
305:depending on its delimitation. In
282:have completely membranous wings.
14:
2752:
2741:Extant Triassic first appearances
2152:(giant shield bugs and relatives)
907:(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)
669:
351:
122:
32:
2664:Orthoptera Species File (old):
2345:(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)
2253:(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)
1520:(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)
1776:(water scorpions, needle bugs)
628:
611:
590:
532:
1:
525:
444:is taken into consideration:
309:, it is used as an unranked
7:
2402:(red bugs, cotton stainers)
617:Maddison, David R. (1995):
558:; Polhemus, Dan A. (2008).
297:Hemiptera, where it can be
289:, it commonly appears as a
10:
2757:
677:http://heteroptera.ucr.edu
2471:
2423:
2390:
2280:
2233:
2119:
2090:
2081:
1948:
1939:
1909:
1879:
1858:
1837:
1814:
1785:
1756:
1735:
1718:
1671:
1636:
1605:
1584:
1550:
1533:
1503:
1494:
1448:
1444:
1419:
1360:
1331:
1229:(pupillarial palm scales)
1135:
1109:
1088:
1084:
1070:
942:
925:
877:
843:
797:
788:
784:
770:
726:
576:10.1007/s10750-007-9033-1
473:phylogenetic nomenclature
459:group that is in its own
424:, dating back to 1810 by
307:phylogenetic nomenclature
203:
198:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
619:Tree of Life Web Project
603:Pan-Pacific Entomologist
539:Tree of Life Web Project
432:with a slight change in
1343:(woolly conifer aphids)
2266:(scentless plant bugs)
1266:(Mediterranean scales)
543:Heteroptera. True bugs
426:Pierre André Latreille
417:
392:; 23: laterotergites (
2675:Paleobiology Database
2517:HETEROPTERA;HEMIPTERA
2410:(bordered plant bugs)
2183:(includes ebony bugs)
1849:(creeping water bugs)
359:
16:Suborder of true bugs
2577:Fauna Europaea (new)
2381:(ash-grey leaf bugs)
2373:(atypical seed bugs)
2039:(old world bat bugs)
1968:(bed bugs, bat bugs)
1896:(pygmy backswimmers)
1805:(velvety shore bugs)
1397:(jumping plant lice)
486:Heteroptera and the
287:Linnean nomenclature
2245:(broad-headed bugs)
1596:(velvet water bugs)
1184:(ornate pit scales)
414:hemelytral membrane
1768:(giant water bugs)
1695:(spiny shore bugs)
1628:Paraphrynoveliidae
1541:(semiaquatic bugs)
1496:Enicocephalomorpha
1290:(phenacoleachiids)
1288:Phenacoleachiidae
1250:(false pit scales)
1248:Lecanodiaspididae
455:, which is a tiny
418:
404:; 27: clavus; 28:
280:Enicocephalomorpha
217:Enicocephalomorpha
2713:
2712:
2465:Taxon identifiers
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2382:
2374:
2371:Rhyparochromidae
2346:
2298:
2267:
2254:
2246:
2215:
2202:
2184:
2166:
2153:
2145:
2142:Acanthosomatidae
2129:
2111:
2103:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2056:
2055:(royal palm bugs)
2053:Thaumastocoridae
2048:
2040:
2022:
2014:
1981:
1969:
1961:
1935:
1934:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1871:
1850:
1806:
1798:
1777:
1769:
1748:
1728:
1726:(true water bugs)
1714:
1713:
1696:
1688:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1618:
1597:
1576:
1563:
1543:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1490:
1489:
1439:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1352:
1344:
1323:
1315:
1314:(giant mealybugs)
1307:
1299:
1296:Phoenicococcidae
1291:
1283:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1158:Asterolecaniidae
1145:
1119:
1101:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1010:Hypochthonellidae
1000:
935:
921:
920:
908:
895:
869:
853:
807:
556:Polhemus, John T.
256:
255:
245:
194:
2748:
2736:Insect suborders
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2634:NHMSYS0020309308
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2519:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2460:
2459:
2430:are a different
2425:
2409:
2401:
2380:
2372:
2344:
2313:Cryptorhamphidae
2308:Colobathristidae
2296:
2265:
2252:
2244:
2213:
2200:
2182:
2165:(burrowing bugs)
2164:
2151:
2143:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2109:
2108:Termitaphididae
2101:
2088:
2087:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2020:
2012:
1978:Curalium cronini
1975:
1967:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1895:
1869:
1848:
1816:Aphelocheiroidea
1804:
1796:
1775:
1767:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1694:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1647:
1645:
1644:(water treaders)
1642:
1616:
1595:
1574:
1562:(water striders)
1561:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1519:
1518:Enicocephalidae
1513:Aenictopecheidae
1505:Enicocephaloidea
1501:
1500:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1396:
1350:
1342:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1228:
1220:
1213:(armored scales)
1212:
1204:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1072:
1071:
998:
940:
939:
936:
934:
931:
906:
893:
867:
854:
852:
849:
808:
806:
803:
795:
794:
786:
785:
772:
771:
711:
704:
697:
688:
687:
665:
639:
632:
626:
615:
609:
594:
588:
587:
552:
546:
536:
328:The infraorders
239:
189:
127:
126:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2665:
2663:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2467:
2457:
2444:
2415:
2386:
2366:Pachygronthidae
2333:Heterogastridae
2276:
2272:Stenocephalidae
2229:
2176:Parastrachiidae
2171:Thaumastellidae
2150:Tessaratomidae
2126:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2083:Pentatomomorpha
2073:
1931:
1918:(Coleorrhyncha)
1917:
1916:
1915:Peloridiomorpha
1901:
1875:
1854:
1833:
1824:Aphelocheiridae
1810:
1795:Gelastocoridae
1781:
1766:Belostomatidae
1752:
1747:(water boatmen)
1725:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1677:Leptopodomorpha
1663:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1601:
1580:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1486:
1482:Stemmocryptidae
1472:Hypsipterygidae
1454:Dipsocoromorpha
1440:
1436:
1430:
1407:
1390:Phacopteronidae
1356:
1327:
1322:(stictococcids)
1320:Stictococcidae
1304:Pseudococcidae
1282:(ensign scales)
1227:Halimococcidae
1143:(scale insects)
1142:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1080:
1054:
1045:Tettigometridae
932:
930:
929:
917:
873:
868:(hairy cicadas)
866:Tettigarctidae
850:
848:
847:
839:
804:
802:
801:
780:
778:Auchenorrhyncha
766:
722:
715:
672:
648:
646:Further reading
643:
642:
633:
629:
616:
612:
595:
591:
553:
549:
537:
533:
528:
469:Peloridiomorpha
368:. 1: claws; 2:
354:
346:Pentatomomorpha
330:Leptopodomorpha
249:Pentatomomorpha
237:Peloridiomorpha
227:Leptopodomorpha
212:Dipsocoromorpha
188:
121:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
30:Permian–Present
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2694:
2684:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2564:Fauna Europaea
2560:
2547:
2534:
2521:
2508:
2493:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2400:Pyrrhocoridae
2396:
2394:
2392:Pyrrhocoroidea
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2199:Scutelleridae
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:Thyreocoridae
2178:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2110:(termite bugs)
2105:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
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1219:Eriococcidae
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913:Myerslopiidae
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894:(leafhoppers)
892:Cicadellidae
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815:Aphrophoridae
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570:(5): 379–91.
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564:Hydrobiologia
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323:living fossil
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315:Prosorrhyncha
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36:
22:
19:
2472:
2435:
2379:Piesmatidae
2361:Oxycarenidae
2338:Idiostolidae
2297:(stilt bugs)
2214:(stink bugs)
2027:Pachynomidae
2001:Medocostidae
1996:Lyctocoridae
1977:
1941:Cimicomorpha
1927:Peloridiidae
1706:Aepophilidae
1687:(shore bugs)
1659:Mesoveliidae
1467:Dipsocoridae
1426:
1380:Carsidaridae
1280:Ortheziidae
1242:(lac scales)
1211:Diaspididae
1205:(cochineals)
1168:(beesoniids)
1166:Beesoniidae
1160:(pit scales)
1100:(whiteflies)
1098:Aleyrodidae
1090:Aleyrodoidea
962:Achilixiidae
905:Membracidae
887:Aetalionidae
879:Membracoidea
790:Cicadomorpha
762:Paraneoptera
760:Superorder:
754:Infraclass:
661:
657:
630:
613:
605:
602:
598:
592:
567:
563:
550:
534:
512:
496:monophyletic
492:
488:monophyletic
484:paraphyletic
477:
464:
453:Peloridiidae
446:
442:Peloridiidae
419:
382:compound eye
342:Cimicomorpha
327:
303:monophyletic
299:paraphyletic
284:
267:
259:
257:
207:Cimicomorpha
199:Infraorders
185:
18:
2726:Heteroptera
2603:iNaturalist
2503:Heteroptera
2497:Wikispecies
2473:Heteroptera
2436:Heteroptera
2290:Artheneidae
2264:Rhopalidae
2225:Megarididae
2207:Plataspidae
2189:Lestoniidae
2158:Dinidoridae
2102:(flat bugs)
2063:(lace bugs)
2045:Reduviidae
1986:Joppeicidae
1974:Curaliidae
1847:Naucoridae
1839:Naucoroidea
1803:Ochteridae
1797:(toad bugs)
1787:Ochteroidea
1535:Gerromorpha
1427:Heteroptera
1385:Homotomidae
1375:Calophyidae
1370:Aphalaridae
1306:(mealybugs)
1035:Nogodinidae
1030:Meenoplidae
997:Fulgoridae
972:Delphacidae
944:Fulgoroidea
799:Cercopoidea
608:(1): 31–60.
434:systematics
334:Gerromorpha
313:within the
293:within the
260:Heteroptera
222:Gerromorpha
186:Heteroptera
24:Heteroptera
2720:Categories
2343:Lygaeidae
2323:Geocoridae
2295:Berytidae
2282:Lygaeoidea
1966:Cimicidae
1950:Cimicoidea
1745:Corixidae
1737:Corixoidea
1720:Nepomorpha
1395:Psyllidae
1362:Psylloidea
1341:Adelgidae
1240:Kerriidae
1235:Kermesidae
1153:Aclerdidae
1111:Aphidoidea
1040:Ricaniidae
1025:Lophopidae
1020:Kinnaridae
845:Cicadoidea
830:Epipygidae
820:Cercopidae
748:Subclass:
738:Arthropoda
526:References
508:apomorphic
394:connexivum
338:Nepomorpha
321:are just "
232:Nepomorpha
182:Suborder:
156:Arthropoda
2731:Hemiptera
2408:Largidae
2303:Blissidae
2251:Coreidae
2243:Alydidae
2235:Coreoidea
2220:Canopidae
2194:Phloeidae
2163:Cydnidae
2100:Aradidae
2092:Aradoidea
2061:Tingidae
1701:Omaniidae
1685:Saldidae
1594:Hebridae
1586:Hebroidea
1573:Veliidae
1560:Gerridae
1552:Gerroidea
1425:Suborder
1403:Triozidae
1312:Putoidae
1190:Coccidae
1137:Coccoidea
1127:Aphididae
1076:Suborder
957:Achilidae
861:Cicadidae
851:(cicadas)
776:Suborder
750:Pterygota
730:Kingdom:
719:Hemiptera
461:monotypic
457:relictual
438:phylogeny
402:scutellum
276:hemelytra
272:forewings
264:Hemiptera
191:Latreille
176:Hemiptera
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
2525:BugGuide
2482:Wikidata
2351:Malcidae
2019:Nabidae
2011:Miridae
1894:Pleidae
1881:Pleoidea
1774:Nepidae
1758:Nepoidea
1117:(aphids)
1005:Gengidae
992:Flatidae
977:Derbidae
967:Cixiidae
756:Neoptera
736:Phylum:
732:Animalia
721:families
584:45657091
541:(2005):
430:taxonomy
410:embolium
398:pronotum
291:suborder
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
2690:4194021
2595:3248454
2543:2639124
2356:Ninidae
2318:Cymidae
1015:Issidae
744:Insecta
742:Class:
717:Extant
520:Odonata
500:section
396:); 25:
390:clypeus
386:antenna
366:abdomen
172:Order:
166:Insecta
162:Class:
113:mating
2703:151134
2687:uBio:
2654:NZOR:
2621:103358
2556:1HETER
2488:Q27191
2426:Note:
582:
412:; 30:
408:; 29:
406:corium
400:; 26:
388:; 10:
370:tarsus
362:thorax
336:, and
193:, 1810
2698:WoRMS
2680:70516
2667:39619
2647:33345
2608:61267
2569:12786
2530:94266
2434:from
2432:clade
1431:(with
580:S2CID
504:basal
465:sensu
422:order
384:; 9:
380:; 8:
378:femur
376:; 4:
374:tibia
372:; 3:
364:; C:
311:clade
295:order
240:(see
2642:NCBI
2616:ITIS
2590:GBIF
2551:EPPO
599:s.l.
344:and
258:The
242:text
109:Two
35:PreꞒ
2629:NBN
2538:EoL
2512:AFD
572:doi
568:595
301:or
2722::
2700::
2677::
2644::
2631::
2618::
2605::
2592::
2579::
2566::
2553::
2540::
2527::
2514::
2499::
2484::
660:.
656:.
621:–
606:71
578:.
566:.
562:.
475:.
348:.
332:,
85:Pg
2442:.
1980:)
1976:(
1437:)
710:e
703:t
696:v
662:8
597:(
586:.
574::
416:.
244:)
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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