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Hicky's Bengal Gazette

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307:"At the time I first saw Hicky he had been about seven years in India. During his confinement he met with a treatise upon printing, from which he collected sufficient information to commence printer, there never having been a press in Calcutta ... it occurred to Hicky that great benefit might arise from setting on foot a public newspaper, nothing of that kind ever having appeared. Upon his types &c., therefore reaching him, he issued proposals for printing a weekly paper, which, meeting with extraordinary encouragement, he speedily issued his first work. As a novelty every person read it, and was delighted. Possessing a fund of low wit, his paper abounded with proof of that talent. He had also a happy knack at applying appropriate nicknames and relating satirical anecdotes". 47: 3577: 261: 3617: 3593: 3605: 3971: 419: 424: 311:
Hicky benefited little from the paper, as William Hickey further tells us that he allowed it "to become the channel of personal invective, and the most scurrilous abuse of individuals of all ranks, high and low, rich and poor, many were attacked in the most wanton and cruel manner ... His utter ruin
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Hicky initially avoided political controversy. As he observed the effect his paper had, he became more political and his neutral editorial policy shifted to an independent one. His slogan became "Open to all Parties, but influenced by None". After he learned that competitors with ties to the East
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Hicky claimed Hastings' order violated his right to free expression, and accused Hastings of corruption, tyranny, and even erectile dysfunction. Hicky also accused other British leaders in Calcutta of corruption, including the Chief Justice of the
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of stealing from an orphaned children's fund. Hicky's editorial independence was short lived as Hastings and Kiernander sued him for libel. After four dramatic trials in June 1781, the Supreme Court found Hicky guilty and sentenced him to jail.
3576: 183:, but Hicky was the first to execute the concept. Hicky's newspaper was printed once a week on Saturday, and retailed for Rs 1. Its circulation was estimated to be around four hundred copies per week, although possibly more. 432: 303:(who was not related to the paper's founder) describes its establishment shortly after he had succeeded (in his capacity as an attorney-at-law) in having James Hicky released from debtor's jail: 175:
on 29 January 1780, having first printed a prospectus announcing that he would begin printing a newspaper. The idea of printing a newspaper in India had been floated twelve years earlier by the
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Hicky continued to print his newspaper from jail, and continued to accuse Hastings and others of corruption. He was finally suppressed when Hastings instituted fresh lawsuits against him.
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ceased publication on 30 March 1782 when its types were seized by an order of the Supreme Court. The next week, its types and printing press were publicly auctioned and sold to the
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to be published in Asia. The newspaper became famous not only among the British soldiers posted in India at that time but also inspired Indians to write newspapers of their own.
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was known for its sarcastic and provocative writing style. Unlike many newspapers of its time, the newspaper discussed taboo topics like female masturbation, and proto-
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Bloomsbury Book Auctions, 25 March 1985. Sale No. 32, 27 February 1985. Lot 67. Hicky's Gazette of 11 March 1780 was purchased by the India Office Library for £200.
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who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of Governor General
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forbid Hicky from mailing his newspaper through the post office. On 18 November 1780, the same day that the first
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and routinely ridiculed East India Company leadership for their expansionist and imperialist objectives.
300: 3993: 359: 237: 209: 3954: 381:, less complete collection, is originally from a private auction and from the India Office Library. 347: 159:. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism and its fight for free expression in 3966: 342: 260: 364: 3987: 148: 74: 8: 276: 193:, he took a strongly anti-Company stance. Hicky accused an East India Company employee, 144: 378: 374: 4043: 3927: 3582:
The first page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette in a bound volume at the
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Total Issues (including prospectus, partial issues, supplements, and extraordinaries)
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Total Issues (excluding prospectus, partial issues, supplements, and extraordinaries)
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Hicky's Bengal Gazette: The Untold Story of India's First Newspaper
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British Museum edition of the BL missing sections on pages 1&2
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Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser
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Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser
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Vol.II (1775-1782), London: Hurst & Blackett, 1918, p. 175.
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sometime before 1907. This collection was likely once owned by
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Six archives are known to have collections (all incomplete) of
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India Company were intending to launch a rival newspaper, the
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was published, Hicky modified the name of his newspaper from
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as punishment for Hicky's refusal to pay a bribe to Droz and
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The fourth page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
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The second page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
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originally from the British Museum, from George Livius. The
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of taking bribes, and the leader of the Protestant Mission,
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seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by
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The third page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
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British Museum edition of the BL missing section on page 3
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Likely printed in the week or month before the first issue
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All collections are missing sections on pages 3& 4
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Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or, Calcutta General Advertiser
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was an English-language weekly newspaper published in
224:to emphasize that his newspaper was founded first. 367:(only an extraordinary issue dated 25 June 1781). 279:, arguing for the rights of the poor and against 208:In retaliation for Hicky's accusation, Hastings' 4000: 4039:English-language newspapers published in India 230:Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William 268:, printed sometime before the first issue. 330: 259: 139:. It was the first newspaper printed in 14: 4001: 3893: 4024:Defunct newspapers published in India 2221:NLI is missing part of pages 1&2 1493:NLI is missing part of pages 3&4 294: 3921: 3896:"The History of Journalism in India" 3872: 3860: 3823: 3811: 3799: 3787: 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3691: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3643: 2776:Supplement is between pages 3&4 2449:Supplement is between pages 3&4 1216:NLI is missing part of page 1&2 166: 4014:Publications disestablished in 1782 255: 24: 3584:University of California, Berkeley 3203:Berkeley is missing pages 3&4 1242:Melbourne is missing page 1&2 433:University of California, Berkeley 385:University of California, Berkeley 25: 4065: 3942: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3575: 3567:Images of Hicky's Bengal Gazette 135:(then Calcutta), the capital of 45: 4054:1782 disestablishments in India 3914: 3887: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3745: 281:taxation without representation 4009:Newspapers established in 1780 3733: 3721: 3709: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3637: 13: 1: 3984:held by Adam Matthew Digital) 3836:The Memoirs of William Hickey 3630: 4049:1780 establishments in India 1190:BL is missing pages 2&3 399:, one of Hicky's assistants. 354:. Available for free online. 18:Hickey's Bengal Gazette 7: 3894:Sanial, S. C. (July 1907). 238:Johann Zacharias Kiernander 171:Hicky began publication of 10: 4070: 3560: 29: 4019:Defunct weekly newspapers 3994:National Library of India 2297:BL missing pages 1&2 420:National Library of India 360:National Library of India 315: 205:, Warren Hastings' wife. 114: 98: 88: 80: 70: 60: 44: 3955:University of Heidelberg 3790:, pp. 147, 160, 190 3031:1781-11-26 Extraordinary 2580:1781-08-06 Extraordinary 2504:1781-07-23 Extraordinary 2352:1781-06-25 Extraordinary 2125:1781-04-28 Extraordinary 415:University of Heidelberg 348:University of Heidelberg 30:Not to be confused with 4029:18th century in Kolkata 3967:University of Melbourne 425:University of Melbourne 343:University of Melbourne 337:Hicky's Bengal Gazette: 27:India's First Newspaper 3989:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 3973:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 3962:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 3950:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 2550:Mislabeled as 30 July 429:High Court of Calcutta 365:High Court of Calcutta 323:was the first printed 321:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 312:was the consequence". 309: 273:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 269: 266:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 246:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 173:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 53:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 40:Hicky's Bengal Gazette 3922:Otis, Andrew (2018). 2755:1781-09-15 Supplement 2428:1781-07-07 Supplement 331:Surviving collections 305: 263: 151:, a highly eccentric 3646:, pp. 9, 16, 19 197:, of supporting the 149:James Augustus Hicky 75:James Augustus Hicky 3694:, pp. 103, 108 3586:'s Bancroft Library 373:. Two collections. 277:class consciousness 41: 4034:Culture of Kolkata 3926:. Westland Books. 3851:, Vol. II, p. 176. 3814:, pp. 201–202 3802:, pp. 190–192 3778:, pp. 132–133 3766:, pp. 110–111 3730:, pp. 104–105 3718:, pp. 101–102 3706:, pp. 98, 100 1719:Existence Imputed 295:Contemporary views 283:. It was strongly 270: 145:East India Company 90:Ceased publication 39: 3933:978-93-86850-91-1 3558: 3557: 393:H. Morse Stephens 167:Newspaper history 124: 123: 16:(Redirected from 4061: 3937: 3908: 3907: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3619: 3607: 3595: 3579: 489:The first issue 403: 402: 389:Bancroft Library 256:Editorial policy 91: 65:Weekly newspaper 49: 42: 38: 21: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4058: 3999: 3998: 3978:British Library 3945: 3940: 3934: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3900:Calcutta Review 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3855: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3611: 3608: 3599: 3596: 3587: 3580: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3504:The last issue 410:British Library 391:. Collected by 371:British Library 333: 318: 297: 258: 210:Supreme Council 203:Marian Hastings 169: 157:Warren Hastings 103: 89: 84:29 January 1780 56: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4067: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 3997: 3996: 3985: 3969: 3958: 3944: 3943:External links 3941: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3886: 3877: 3865: 3853: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3804: 3792: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3684: 3672: 3660: 3648: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3590: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 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235: 231: 225: 223: 219: 215: 214:India Gazette 211: 206: 204: 200: 199:India Gazette 196: 192: 191: 190:India Gazette 184: 182: 181:William Bolts 178: 174: 164: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 137:British India 134: 130: 129: 120: 119:British India 117: 113: 110: 106: 101: 97: 94:30 March 1782 93: 87: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 54: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 3988: 3982:Digital copy 3972: 3961: 3949: 3923: 3915:Bibliography 3903: 3899: 3889: 3880: 3875:, p. 27 3868: 3863:, p. 26 3856: 3848: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3826:, p. 72 3819: 3807: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3682:, p. 76 3675: 3670:, p. 68 3663: 3651: 3639: 336: 334: 320: 319: 310: 306: 298: 272: 271: 265: 249: 245: 243: 234:Elijah Impey 226: 221: 217: 213: 207: 198: 188: 185: 172: 170: 127: 126: 125: 99:Headquarters 52: 36: 397:Paul Ferris 195:Simeon Droz 179:Adventurer 4003:Categories 3631:References 3483:1782-03-30 3458:1782-03-23 3433:1782-03-16 3408:1782-03-09 3383:1782-03-02 3358:1782-02-23 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Index

Hickey's Bengal Gazette
Bengal Gazetti
Hicky
Weekly newspaper
James Augustus Hicky
Kolkata
India
British India
Kolkata
British India
Asia
East India Company
James Augustus Hicky
Irishman
Warren Hastings
India
Dutch
William Bolts
India Gazette
Simeon Droz
Marian Hastings
Supreme Council
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William
Elijah Impey
Johann Zacharias Kiernander

class consciousness
taxation without representation
anti-war
colonial

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