307:"At the time I first saw Hicky he had been about seven years in India. During his confinement he met with a treatise upon printing, from which he collected sufficient information to commence printer, there never having been a press in Calcutta ... it occurred to Hicky that great benefit might arise from setting on foot a public newspaper, nothing of that kind ever having appeared. Upon his types &c., therefore reaching him, he issued proposals for printing a weekly paper, which, meeting with extraordinary encouragement, he speedily issued his first work. As a novelty every person read it, and was delighted. Possessing a fund of low wit, his paper abounded with proof of that talent. He had also a happy knack at applying appropriate nicknames and relating satirical anecdotes".
47:
3577:
261:
3617:
3593:
3605:
3971:
419:
424:
311:
Hicky benefited little from the paper, as
William Hickey further tells us that he allowed it "to become the channel of personal invective, and the most scurrilous abuse of individuals of all ranks, high and low, rich and poor, many were attacked in the most wanton and cruel manner ... His utter ruin
186:
Hicky initially avoided political controversy. As he observed the effect his paper had, he became more political and his neutral editorial policy shifted to an independent one. His slogan became "Open to all
Parties, but influenced by None". After he learned that competitors with ties to the East
227:
Hicky claimed
Hastings' order violated his right to free expression, and accused Hastings of corruption, tyranny, and even erectile dysfunction. Hicky also accused other British leaders in Calcutta of corruption, including the Chief Justice of the
3960:
240:
of stealing from an orphaned children's fund. Hicky's editorial independence was short lived as
Hastings and Kiernander sued him for libel. After four dramatic trials in June 1781, the Supreme Court found Hicky guilty and sentenced him to jail.
3576:
183:, but Hicky was the first to execute the concept. Hicky's newspaper was printed once a week on Saturday, and retailed for Rs 1. Its circulation was estimated to be around four hundred copies per week, although possibly more.
432:
303:(who was not related to the paper's founder) describes its establishment shortly after he had succeeded (in his capacity as an attorney-at-law) in having James Hicky released from debtor's jail:
175:
on 29 January 1780, having first printed a prospectus announcing that he would begin printing a newspaper. The idea of printing a newspaper in India had been floated twelve years earlier by the
244:
Hicky continued to print his newspaper from jail, and continued to accuse
Hastings and others of corruption. He was finally suppressed when Hastings instituted fresh lawsuits against him.
248:
ceased publication on 30 March 1782 when its types were seized by an order of the
Supreme Court. The next week, its types and printing press were publicly auctioned and sold to the
327:
to be published in Asia. The newspaper became famous not only among the
British soldiers posted in India at that time but also inspired Indians to write newspapers of their own.
275:
was known for its sarcastic and provocative writing style. Unlike many newspapers of its time, the newspaper discussed taboo topics like female masturbation, and proto-
3884:
Bloomsbury Book
Auctions, 25 March 1985. Sale No. 32, 27 February 1985. Lot 67. Hicky's Gazette of 11 March 1780 was purchased by the India Office Library for £200.
4038:
396:
3616:
3592:
3604:
351:
4023:
194:
3981:
409:
4013:
229:
17:
4053:
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155:
who had previously spent two years in jail for debt, the newspaper was a strong critic of the administration of
Governor General
4048:
3931:
4018:
3583:
384:
280:
46:
4028:
212:
forbid Hicky from mailing his newspaper through the post office. On 18 November 1780, the same day that the first
4033:
291:
and routinely ridiculed East India
Company leadership for their expansionist and imperialist objectives.
300:
3993:
359:
237:
209:
3954:
381:, less complete collection, is originally from a private auction and from the India Office Library.
347:
159:. The newspaper was important for its provocative journalism and its fight for free expression in
3966:
342:
260:
364:
3987:
148:
74:
8:
276:
193:, he took a strongly anti-Company stance. Hicky accused an East India Company employee,
144:
378:
374:
4043:
3927:
3582:
The first page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette in a bound volume at the
3534:
Total Issues (including prospectus, partial issues, supplements, and extraordinaries)
3509:
Total Issues (excluding prospectus, partial issues, supplements, and extraordinaries)
392:
284:
189:
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64:
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156:
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31:
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143:, and was published for two years, between 1780 and 1782, before the
3924:
Hicky's Bengal Gazette: The Untold Story of India's First Newspaper
2070:
British Museum edition of the BL missing sections on pages 1&2
222:
Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser
128:
Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Original Calcutta General Advertiser
132:
104:
3838:
Vol.II (1775-1782), London: Hurst & Blackett, 1918, p. 175.
395:
sometime before 1907. This collection was likely once owned by
335:
Six archives are known to have collections (all incomplete) of
187:
India Company were intending to launch a rival newspaper, the
55:, 10 March 1781, from the University of Heidelberg's archives.
216:
was published, Hicky modified the name of his newspaper from
201:
as punishment for Hicky's refusal to pay a bribe to Droz and
160:
108:
3622:
The fourth page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3598:
The second page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
377:
originally from the British Museum, from George Livius. The
236:
of taking bribes, and the leader of the Protestant Mission,
147:
seized the newspaper's types and printing press. Founded by
3610:
The third page of the first issue of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3102:
British Museum edition of the BL missing section on page 3
463:
Likely printed in the week or month before the first issue
140:
2398:
All collections are missing sections on pages 3& 4
218:
Hicky's Bengal Gazette; or, Calcutta General Advertiser
131:
was an English-language weekly newspaper published in
224:to emphasize that his newspaper was founded first.
367:(only an extraordinary issue dated 25 June 1781).
279:, arguing for the rights of the poor and against
208:In retaliation for Hicky's accusation, Hastings'
4000:
4039:English-language newspapers published in India
230:Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William
268:, printed sometime before the first issue.
330:
259:
139:. It was the first newspaper printed in
14:
4001:
3893:
4024:Defunct newspapers published in India
2221:NLI is missing part of pages 1&2
1493:NLI is missing part of pages 3&4
294:
3921:
3896:"The History of Journalism in India"
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2776:Supplement is between pages 3&4
2449:Supplement is between pages 3&4
1216:NLI is missing part of page 1&2
166:
4014:Publications disestablished in 1782
255:
24:
3584:University of California, Berkeley
3203:Berkeley is missing pages 3&4
1242:Melbourne is missing page 1&2
433:University of California, Berkeley
385:University of California, Berkeley
25:
4065:
3942:
3615:
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3591:
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3567:Images of Hicky's Bengal Gazette
135:(then Calcutta), the capital of
45:
4054:1782 disestablishments in India
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281:taxation without representation
4009:Newspapers established in 1780
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13:
1:
3984:held by Adam Matthew Digital)
3836:The Memoirs of William Hickey
3630:
4049:1780 establishments in India
1190:BL is missing pages 2&3
399:, one of Hicky's assistants.
354:. Available for free online.
18:Hickey's Bengal Gazette
7:
3894:Sanial, S. C. (July 1907).
238:Johann Zacharias Kiernander
171:Hicky began publication of
10:
4070:
3560:
29:
4019:Defunct weekly newspapers
3994:National Library of India
2297:BL missing pages 1&2
420:National Library of India
360:National Library of India
315:
205:, Warren Hastings' wife.
114:
98:
88:
80:
70:
60:
44:
3955:University of Heidelberg
3790:, pp. 147, 160, 190
3031:1781-11-26 Extraordinary
2580:1781-08-06 Extraordinary
2504:1781-07-23 Extraordinary
2352:1781-06-25 Extraordinary
2125:1781-04-28 Extraordinary
415:University of Heidelberg
348:University of Heidelberg
30:Not to be confused with
4029:18th century in Kolkata
3967:University of Melbourne
425:University of Melbourne
343:University of Melbourne
337:Hicky's Bengal Gazette:
27:India's First Newspaper
3989:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3973:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3962:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3950:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
2550:Mislabeled as 30 July
429:High Court of Calcutta
365:High Court of Calcutta
323:was the first printed
321:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
312:was the consequence".
309:
273:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
269:
266:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
246:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
173:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
53:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
40:Hicky's Bengal Gazette
3922:Otis, Andrew (2018).
2755:1781-09-15 Supplement
2428:1781-07-07 Supplement
331:Surviving collections
305:
263:
151:, a highly eccentric
3646:, pp. 9, 16, 19
197:, of supporting the
149:James Augustus Hicky
75:James Augustus Hicky
3694:, pp. 103, 108
3586:'s Bancroft Library
373:. Two collections.
277:class consciousness
41:
4034:Culture of Kolkata
3926:. Westland Books.
3851:, Vol. II, p. 176.
3814:, pp. 201–202
3802:, pp. 190–192
3778:, pp. 132–133
3766:, pp. 110–111
3730:, pp. 104–105
3718:, pp. 101–102
3706:, pp. 98, 100
1719:Existence Imputed
295:Contemporary views
283:. It was strongly
270:
145:East India Company
90:Ceased publication
39:
3933:978-93-86850-91-1
3558:
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393:H. Morse Stephens
167:Newspaper history
124:
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16:(Redirected from
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489:The first issue
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391:. Collected by
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210:Supreme Council
203:Marian Hastings
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157:Warren Hastings
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84:29 January 1780
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214:India Gazette
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199:India Gazette
196:
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190:India Gazette
184:
182:
181:William Bolts
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137:British India
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3949:
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3915:Bibliography
3903:
3899:
3889:
3880:
3875:, p. 27
3868:
3863:, p. 26
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99:Headquarters
52:
36:
397:Paul Ferris
195:Simeon Droz
179:Adventurer
4003:Categories
3631:References
3483:1782-03-30
3458:1782-03-23
3433:1782-03-16
3408:1782-03-09
3383:1782-03-02
3358:1782-02-23
3333:1782-02-16
3308:1782-02-09
3283:1782-02-02
3258:1782-01-26
3233:1782-01-19
3208:1782-01-12
3182:1782-01-05
3157:1781-12-29
3132:1781-12-22
3107:1781-12-15
3081:1781-12-08
3056:1781-12-01
3006:1781-11-24
2981:1781-11-17
2956:1781-11-10
2931:1781-11-03
2906:1781-10-27
2881:1781-10-20
2856:1781-10-13
2831:1781-10-06
2806:1781-09-29
2781:1781-09-22
2730:1781-09-15
2705:1781-09-08
2680:1781-09-01
2655:1781-08-25
2630:1781-08-18
2605:1781-08-11
2555:1781-08-04
2529:1781-07-28
2479:1781-07-21
2454:1781-07-14
2403:1781-07-07
2377:1781-06-30
2327:1781-06-23
2302:1781-06-16
2276:1781-06-09
2251:1781-06-02
2226:1781-05-26
2200:1781-05-19
2175:1781-05-12
2150:1781-05-05
2100:1781-04-28
2075:1781-04-21
2049:1781-04-14
2024:1781-04-07
1999:1781-03-31
1974:1781-03-24
1949:1781-03-17
1924:1781-03-10
1899:1781-03-03
1874:1781-02-24
1849:1781-02-17
1824:1781-02-10
1799:1781-02-03
1774:1781-01-27
1749:1781-01-20
1724:1781-01-13
1698:1781-01-06
1673:1780-12-30
1648:1780-12-23
1623:1780-12-16
1598:1780-12-09
1573:1780-12-02
1548:1780-11-25
1523:1780-11-18
1498:1780-11-11
1472:1780-11-04
1447:1780-10-28
1422:1780-10-21
1397:1780-10-14
1372:1780-10-07
1347:1780-09-30
1322:1780-09-23
1297:1780-09-16
1272:1780-09-09
1247:1780-09-02
1221:1780-08-26
1195:1780-08-19
1169:1780-08-12
1144:1780-08-05
1119:1780-07-29
1094:1780-07-22
1069:1780-07-15
1044:1780-07-08
1019:1780-07-01
994:1780-06-24
969:1780-06-17
944:1780-06-10
919:1780-06-03
894:1780-05-27
869:1780-05-20
844:1780-05-13
819:1780-05-06
794:1780-04-29
769:1780-04-22
744:1780-04-15
719:1780-04-08
694:1780-04-01
669:1780-03-25
644:1780-03-18
619:1780-03-11
594:1780-03-04
569:1780-02-26
544:1780-02-19
519:1780-02-12
494:1780-02-05
468:1780-01-29
442:Prospectus
406:YYYY-MM-DD
3873:Otis 2018
3861:Otis 2018
3824:Otis 2018
3812:Otis 2018
3800:Otis 2018
3788:Otis 2018
3776:Otis 2018
3764:Otis 2018
3752:Otis 2018
3740:Otis 2018
3728:Otis 2018
3716:Otis 2018
3704:Otis 2018
3692:Otis 2018
3680:Otis 2018
3668:Otis 2018
3656:Otis 2018
3644:Otis 2018
325:newspaper
287:and anti-
71:Publisher
4044:Gazettes
3847:Hickey,
289:colonial
285:anti-war
153:Irishman
3849:Memoirs
3561:Gallery
3200:Partial
2790:Partial
2589:Partial
2395:Partial
2389:Partial
2386:Partial
2383:Partial
2380:Partial
2279:Partial
2209:Partial
1481:Partial
1281:Partial
1233:Partial
1204:Partial
1172:Partial
350:. From
133:Kolkata
115:Country
105:Kolkata
81:Founded
3930:
3906:: 362.
437:Notes
316:Legacy
379:other
220:, to
177:Dutch
161:India
109:India
3928:ISBN
141:Asia
61:Type
3904:249
3552:103
3537:104
3486:Yes
3461:Yes
3436:Yes
3411:Yes
3386:Yes
3361:Yes
3336:Yes
3311:Yes
3295:Yes
3286:Yes
3261:Yes
3236:Yes
3211:Yes
3188:Yes
3185:Yes
3175:Yes
3169:Yes
3166:Yes
3163:Yes
3160:Yes
3150:Yes
3144:Yes
3141:Yes
3138:Yes
3135:Yes
3125:Yes
3116:Yes
3113:Yes
3110:Yes
3099:Yes
3093:Yes
3090:Yes
3087:Yes
3084:Yes
3074:Yes
3068:Yes
3065:Yes
3062:Yes
3059:Yes
3034:Yes
3024:Yes
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3015:Yes
3009:Yes
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2993:Yes
2990:Yes
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2934:Yes
2924:Yes
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2915:Yes
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2893:Yes
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2112:Yes
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2067:Yes
2061:Yes
2058:Yes
2052:Yes
2042:Yes
2036:Yes
2033:Yes
2030:Yes
2027:Yes
2017:Yes
2011:Yes
2008:Yes
2005:Yes
2002:Yes
1992:Yes
1986:Yes
1983:Yes
1977:Yes
1967:Yes
1961:Yes
1958:Yes
1952:Yes
1942:Yes
1936:Yes
1933:Yes
1930:Yes
1927:Yes
1917:Yes
1911:Yes
1902:Yes
1892:Yes
1886:Yes
1883:Yes
1877:Yes
1867:Yes
1861:Yes
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1836:Yes
1833:Yes
1827:Yes
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1390:Yes
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387:'s
375:One
4005::
3992:–
3976:–
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3953:–
3902:.
3898:.
3546:55
3543:97
3540:40
3527:96
3521:51
3518:88
3515:37
3512:95
3501:No
3498:No
3495:No
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3489:No
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2140:No
2137:No
2134:No
2131:No
2115:No
2090:No
2064:No
2055:No
2039:No
2014:No
1989:No
1980:No
1964:No
1955:No
1939:No
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1908:No
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1701:No
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1006:No
1000:No
984:No
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956:No
950:No
934:No
931:No
925:No
909:No
906:No
900:No
887:No
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881:No
875:No
859:No
856:No
850:No
834:No
825:No
809:No
806:No
800:No
784:No
781:No
775:No
772:No
759:No
756:No
750:No
734:No
731:No
725:No
709:No
700:No
697:No
684:No
681:No
675:No
672:No
659:No
656:No
650:No
647:No
634:No
631:No
625:No
622:No
609:No
606:No
600:No
597:No
584:No
581:No
575:No
572:No
559:No
556:No
550:No
547:No
534:No
531:No
528:No
525:No
522:No
509:No
506:No
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483:No
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451:No
448:No
445:No
252:.
232:,
163:.
107:,
3980:(
3936:.
3549:1
3524:0
34:.
20:)
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