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that editing picture sequences is often done digitally, some directors have shot their movies using the HD format via high-end digital video cameras. While the quality of HD video is very high compared to SD video, and offers improved signal/noise ratios against comparable sensitivity film, film remains able to resolve more image detail than current HD video formats. In addition some films have a wider dynamic range (ability to resolve extremes of dark and light areas in a scene) than even the best HD cameras. Thus the most persuasive arguments for the use of HD are currently cost savings on film stock and the ease of transfer to editing systems for special effects.
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common are noted below. High-definition signals require a high-definition television or computer monitor in order to be viewed. High-definition video has an aspect ratio of 16:9 (1.78:1). The aspect ratio of regular widescreen film shot today is typically 1.85:1 or 2.39:1 (sometimes traditionally quoted at 2.35:1). Standard-definition television (SDTV) has a 4:3 (1.33:1) aspect ratio, although in recent years many broadcasters have transmitted programs
150:(SMPTE) standard #240M in the early 1990s, but abandoned later on when it was replaced by a DVB analog standard. HighVision video is still usable for HDTV video interchange, but there is almost no modern equipment available to perform this function. Attempts at implementing HighVision as a 6 MHz broadcast channel were mostly unsuccessful. All attempts at using this format for terrestrial TV transmission were abandoned by the mid-1990s.
787:
NTSC standard countries, the projection rate is 30 frames per second, using a technique called 3:2 pull-down. One film frame is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second), and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second) and then the process is repeated, thus achieving the correct film projection rate with two film frames shown in one twelfth of a second.
314:(DTV) is 480 lines (upon which NTSC is based, 480 visible scanlines out of 525) or 576 lines (upon which PAL/SECAM are based, 576 visible scanlines out of 625). However, since HD is broadcast digitally, its introduction sometimes coincides with the introduction of DTV. Additionally, current DVD quality is not high-definition, although the high-definition disc systems
370:, progressive encoding with 60 frames per second (60 Hz). The 1080i50/1080i60 format is 1920 × 1080 pixels, interlaced encoding with 50/60 fields, (50/60 Hz) per second. Two interlaced fields formulate a single frame, because the two fields of one frame are temporally shifted. Frame
279:
In the early 2000s, it looked as if DVB would be the video standard far into the future. However, both Brazil and China have adopted alternative standards for high-definition video that preclude the interoperability that was hoped for after decades of largely non-interoperable analog TV broadcasting.
786:
Depending upon available bandwidth and the amount of detail and movement in the image, the optimum format for video transfer is either 720p24 or 1080p24. When shown on television in PAL system countries, film must be projected at the rate of 25 frames per second by accelerating it by 4.1 percent. In
389:
or field rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second and 50i means 25 progressive frames per second, consisting of 50 interlaced fields per second. Most HDTV systems support some standard resolutions and frame or field rates. The most
247:
The current high-definition video standards in North
America were developed during the course of the advanced television process initiated by the Federal Communications Commission in 1987 at the request of American broadcasters. In essence, the end of the 1980s was a death knell for most analog high
844:
8 perforation cameras (same as 35 mm still photo film) going down through 18 mm × 24 mm for Silent Films or Full Frame 4 perforations cameras to as small as 9 mm × 21 mm in
Academy Sound Aperture cameras modified for the Techniscope 2 perforation format.
755:
Blu-ray Discs were jointly developed by 9 initial partners including Sony and
Phillips (which jointly developed CDs for audio), and Pioneer (which developed its own Laser-disc previously with some success) among others. HD DVD discs were primarily developed by Toshiba and NEC with some backing from
750:
for a Single layer or 8.5 GB for a double layer), are not always up to the challenge of today's high-definition (HD) sets. Storing and playing HD movies requires a disc that holds more information, like a Blu-ray Disc (which hold 25 GB in single layer form and 50 GB for double layer)
881:
In the process of making prints for exhibition, this negative is copied onto other film (negative → interpositive → internegative → print) causing the resolution to be reduced with each emulsion copying step and when the image passes through a lens (for example, on a projector). In many cases, the
832:
Film as a medium has inherent limitations, such as difficulty of viewing footage while recording, and suffers other problems, caused by poor film development/processing, or poor monitoring systems. Given that there is increasing use of computer-generated or computer-altered imagery in movies, and
819:
720p is used more for
Internet distribution of high-definition video, because computer monitors progressively scan; 720p video has lower storage-decoding requirements than either the 1080i or the 1080p. This is also the medium for high-definition broadcasts around the world and 1080p is used for
61:(North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at rates faster than normal (60 frames/second North America, 50 fps Europe), by a
815:
format. The format used is set by the broadcaster (if for television broadcast). In general, 720p is more accurate with fast action, because it progressively scans frames, instead of the 1080i, which uses interlaced fields and thus might degrade the resolution of fast images.
267:
standard of resolutions (1080, 720, 480) and respective frame rates (24, 25, 30) were adopted in conjunction with the
Europeans that were also involved in the same standardization process. The FCC officially adopted the ATSC transmission standard in 1996 (which included both
1729:
1401:
display games 1080p natively. The
Nintendo Switch is an unusual case, due to its hybrid nature as both a home console and a handheld: the built-in screen displays games at 720p maximum, but the console can natively display imagery at 1080p when docked. The
259:
from interlaced 1,080-line video (a technical descendant of the original analog NHK 1125/30 Hz system) with a maximum frame rate of 30 Hz, (60 fields per second) and 720-line video, progressively scanned, with a maximum frame rate of 60 Hz.
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or component cables, but the systems have few games which appear in 1080p; most games only run natively at 720p or less but can be upscaled to 1080p. Visually, native 1080p produces a sharper and clearer picture compared to upscaled 1080p. The
2545:
1341:
In order to further increase the resolution of security cameras, some manufacturers developed multi-sensor cameras. Within these devices several sensor-lens combinations produce the images, which are later merged during
890:
Many online video streaming, on-demand and digital download services offer HD video. Due to heavy compression, the image detail produced by these formats can be far below that of broadcast HD, and often even inferior to
756:
Microsoft, Warner Bros., Hewlett
Packard, and others. On February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it was abandoning the format and would discontinue development, marketing and manufacturing of HD DVD players and drives.
768:
used for cinema projection is exposed at the rate of 24 frames per second but usually projected at 48, each frame getting projected twice helping to minimise flicker. One exception to this was the 1986
1331:
is acute for surveillance purposes to ensure that the quality of the video output is of an acceptable standard that can be used both for preventative surveillance as well as for evidence purposes.
1334:
Although, HD cameras can be highly effective indoor, special industries with outdoor environments called for a need to produce much higher resolutions for effective coverage. The ever-evolving
161:
family of hybrid analogue/digital video standards; however, it never took off as a terrestrial video transmission format. HD-MAC was never designated for video interchange except by the
352:
lines during a second refreshing, for example 1080i. Interlaced scanning yields image resolution if subject is not moving, but loses up to half of the resolution and suffers
882:
resolution can be reduced down to 1/6 of the original negative's resolution (or worse). Note that resolution values for 70 mm film are higher than those listed above.
2460:
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formats from 1993 onwards. Motion-compensated DCT compression significantly reduced the amount of memory and bandwidth required for digital video, capable of achieving a
1327:
Since the late 2000s a considerably large number of security camera manufacturers have started to produce HD cameras. The need for high resolution, color fidelity, and
836:
Depending on the year and format in which a movie was filmed, the exposed image can vary greatly in size. Sizes range from as big as 24 mm × 36 mm for
751:
or the now-defunct High
Definition Digital Versatile Discs (HD DVDs) which held 15 GB or 30 GB in, respectively, single and double layer variations.
1668:
Proceedings of the
International Computer Conference 2006 on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing: Chongqing, China, 29-31 August 2006
1338:
technologies allowed manufacturers to develop cameras with 10-20 MP resolutions, which therefore have become efficient instruments to monitor larger areas.
2244:
For best results, we recommend using H.264 (sometimes referred to as MP4) for the video codec and AAC (short for
Advanced Audio Codec) for the audio codec.
102:
804:
SP are often either in the form 480i60 or 576i50. These may be upconverted to a higher resolution format, but removing the interlace to match the common
244:
of around 100:1 compared to uncompressed video. By the early 1990s, DCT video compression had been widely adopted as the video coding standard for HDTV.
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147:
65:
may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on
1697:
3248:
2329:
123:
Modern HD specifications date to the early 1980s, when Japanese engineers developed the HighVision 1,125-line interlaced TV standard (also called
3281:
3333:
2026:
Hulu currently supports four different streams including 480kbps, 700kbps, 1,000kbps (an H.264 encode that is not on On2 VP6) and 2.5Mbps.
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1774:
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Use 2000 kbits/sec for standard definition 4:3 video, 3000 kbits/sec for widescreen DV, or 5000 kbits/sec for high definition footage.
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1641:
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The EU defines HD resolution as 1920 x 1080 pixels or 2 073 600 pixels and UHD resolution as 3840 x 2160 pixels or 8 294 400 pixels.
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2439:
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118:
2208:"Online Video Content Distribution: Sony's PlayStation 3 Enters The Ring (Albeit With A Sound-Hampered Hand Tied Behind Its Back)"
2993:
378:
Often, the rate is inferred from the context, usually assumed to be either 50 Hz (Europe) or 60 Hz (USA), except for
124:
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High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, high definition disc (
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2010:
1982:
1954:
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861:
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can provide enough digital storage to store hours of HD video content. Digital Versatile Discs or DVDs (that hold 4.7
398:, in hopes that the viewer has a 16:9 set which stretches the image out to normal-looking proportions, or a set which
89:
television system, since the mechanical systems it replaced had far fewer. From 1939, Europe and the US tried 605 and
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1530:
1415:
94:
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and segmented frames are special techniques that allow transmitting full frames by means of interlaced video stream.
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Hulu videos are streamed as Flash video files (FLV files). These files are encoded using the On2 Flash VP6 codec...
639:
576:
24:
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158:
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Such high resolutions, however, requires special recording, storage and also video stream display technologies.
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format may distort the picture or require filtering which actually reduces the resolution of the final output.
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50:
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setups are possible, such as having a single game span across three monitors for a more immersive experience.
997:
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Formerly "Amazon Unbox", which now refers to a video player software, and later "Amazon Video on Demand".
296:, with the color of each resolution type indicating the display ratio (e.g., red indicates a 4:3 ratio).
162:
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monitors are supported, which can display more of the game world than a traditional display with a 16:9
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640x480 for standard definition 4:3 video, 853x480 for widescreen DV, or 1920x1080 for high definition.
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tested higher resolutions, up to 1,042. In late 1949, official French transmissions finally began with
90:
82:
20:
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3156:
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In order to be classed as "true" high definition, we encode in at least 1280x720 resolution, or 720p.
209:
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to the same image size. The following is a chart of numerous online services and their HD offering:
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3327:
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2413:
1703:
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1343:
874:
Current Anamorphic Panavision ("Scope"): 17.5 mm × 21 mm (2.39) = 2,485 × 2,970
868:
Academy Sound (Sound movies before 1955): 15 mm × 21 mm (1.375) = 2,160 × 2,970
779:, which briefly experimented with both filming and projecting at 48 frame/s, in a process known as
728:
2453:
4025:
3785:
1555:
Signal Processing of HDTV: Proceedings of the International Workshop on HDTV '93, Ottawa, Canada
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3171:
3146:
1491:
1407:
241:
221:
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Scalable Continuous Media Streaming Systems: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Implementation
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Note: Image is either a frame or, in case of interlaced scanning, two fields (EVEN and ODD).
340:
redraws an image frame (all of its lines) when refreshing each image, for example 720p/1080p.
4100:
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3136:
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2126:
1516:
1260:
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1093:
1042:
957:
395:
186:
3928:
1635:
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1522:
775:
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310:. High-definition television (HDTV) resolution is 1,080 or 720 lines. In contrast, regular
98:
8:
229:
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28:
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2211:
1612:
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Super-35 for Anamorphic prints: 10 mm × 24 mm (2.39) = 1,420 × 3,390
698:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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provide pixel resolutions (calculated from pixels per millimeter) roughly as follows:
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1570:
1526:
1434:
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976:
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217:
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62:
1912:
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You'll want to set the bit rate to 320 kbps and the sample rate to 44.100 kHz.
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1549:
Shishikui, Yoshiaki; Nakanishi, Hiroshi; Imaizumi, Hiroyuki (October 26–28, 1993).
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650:
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608:
587:
566:
515:
494:
473:
452:
331:
327:
364:). In Europe more common (50 Hz) television broadcasting system and in USA (60 Hz)
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3212:
2680:"Samsung promises big things with the first DisplayPort 2.1 8K ultrawide monitor"
2014:
1986:
1958:
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182:
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555:
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382:, which denotes 1080p24, 1080p25, and 1080p30, but also 1080p50 and 1080p60.
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lines during the first image refresh operation, and then draws the remaining
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Academy camera US Widescreen: 11 mm × 21 mm (1.85) = 1,605 × 2,970
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High definition video (prerecorded and broadcast) is defined threefold, by:
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system was presented at an international meeting of television engineers in
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1438:
1335:
896:
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Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings are recorded in either the 720p or the
743:
66:
3574:
3307:
2600:"Is Nintendo Switch 4K? An overview of resolution on the portable console"
288:
105:. In 1984, however, this standard was abandoned for 625-line color on the
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During live events "BBC iPlayer" streams have a resolution of 1024×576.
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850:
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853:(22 mm × 48 mm) or the rarely used 55 mm and
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128:
70:
58:
57:, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical
2461:"3 Ways Multi-Sensor Cameras Alter the Video Surveillance Landscape"
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We use h.264 with a bitrate of 3.2 Mbps and 192 kbps audio
1799:"Amazon.com: Help > Digital Products > Amazon Video On Demand"
3791:
3742:
3719:
3568:
2824:
2800:
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2712:
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2540:
1813:
Our 2.5 Mbps HD files are streamed in high-quality 720p resolution.
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854:
791:
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821:
801:
719:), digital cameras, Internet downloads, and video game consoles.
716:
315:
132:
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3161:
3151:
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Formerly "Xbox Live Marketplace Video Store", but replaced by "
1114:
1081:
1033:
1016:
319:
154:
2814:"High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production"
2652:"PS5 vs Xbox Series X: which next-gen console should you buy?"
1346:. These security cameras are able to deliver even hundreds of
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Most computers are capable of HD or higher resolutions over
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definition technologies that had developed up to that time.
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Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding
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25 (50 fields/s), 29.97 (59.94 fields/s), 30 (60 fields/s)
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3641:
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3111:
3086:
2736:"How to set up three monitors for super ultrawide gaming"
2187:
second-generation HD encodes ... at 2600kbps and 3800kbps
2114:...but settled on second-generation HD encodes with VC1AP
1786:...using the ultra-efficient VC-1 Advanced Profile codec.
1459:
1378:
1268:
1264:
1122:
1064:
1038:
264:
136:
106:
2417:
2345:...all HD content is ... encoded with H.264 High Profile
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1998:
HD videos on Hulu are streamed at 1280 x 720 resolution.
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885:
146:
The NHK system was standardized in the United States as
2048:
1975:
2569:"Nintendo Wii U supports 1080p, CPU and GPU confirmed"
2440:"High Megapixel Cameras – It's Not Just About Quality"
2297:
2273:
2036:
2034:
2003:
1913:"Streaming Protocols for Flash, RTMP, H.264 & VP6"
2790:"High Definition for Europe - a progressive approach"
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
412:
1551:"An HDTV Coding Scheme using Adaptive-Dimension DCT"
1433:
2.1 for native 8k resolution at high refresh rates.
526:
2624:"4K is the wrong target for Xbox One X and PS4 Pro"
2176:"The Official Netflix Blog: Encoding for streaming"
2103:"The Official Netflix Blog: Encoding for streaming"
2031:
668:resolutions, such as 2560×1080p (1080p UltraWide).
406:view of the image, again with correct proportions.
16:
Video of higher resolution than original television
2249:
2073:
2042:"Video quality reference table from best to worst"
1947:
1926:
1818:
1767:
1595:"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"
800:Older (pre-HDTV) recordings on video tape such as
148:Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
3249:List of digital television deployments by country
2837:"Digital Terrestrial HDTV Broadcasting in Europe"
2350:
1861:"What do I need to know about HD on BBC iPlayer?"
1833:"What do I need to know about HD on BBC iPlayer?"
1425:are only limited by the display's resolution and
4092:
2378:
1886:
1884:
902:
671:There is also a WQHD+ option for some of these.
2094:
986:2.25 Mbit/s (SD) and 4.5 Mbit/s (HD)
19:For high-definition video in broadcasting, see
2509:"Microsoft prepares major update to Xbox Live"
1905:
664:Also, there are less common but still popular
3275:
2878:
2225:
2127:"You Can Now Stream 4K Netflix on Windows 10"
1881:
457:23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50, 59.94, 60, 72
366:. The 720p60 format is 1,280 × 720
143:(HDTV) system at a Swiss conference in 1983.
53:. While there is no standardized meaning for
2321:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
1162:2.6 Mbit/s and 3.8 Mbit/s (1080p)
520:24 (23.976), 25, 30 (29.97), 50, 60 (59.94)
499:24 (23.976), 25, 30 (29.97), 50, 60 (59.94)
97:mandated 525 for the US. In wartime France,
2151:"Internet Connection Speed Recommendations"
1544:
1542:
1322:
360:The number of frames or fields per second (
157:(1,250 lines, 50 Hz), a member of the
3282:
3268:
2885:
2871:
2406:
1892:"CBS.com - HD Video - System Requirements"
1791:
1429:driver support. Some PC hardware supports
1026:3.5 Mbit/s and 2.5 Mbits (720p)
759:
344:draws the image field every other line or
3289:
2593:
2591:
2566:
2305:"Vimeo - Compression guidelines on Vimeo"
2281:"Vimeo - Compression guidelines on Vimeo"
2257:"Vimeo - Compression guidelines on Vimeo"
2233:"Vimeo - Compression guidelines on Vimeo"
2192:
1642:Institution of Engineering and Technology
2892:
2649:
2617:
2615:
2482:"PlayStation 3 Technical Specifications"
2327:
1633:
1539:
1487:Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting
287:
127:) that ran at 60 frames per second. The
119:Analog high-definition television system
1627:
4093:
3876:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc)
2733:
2677:
2621:
2588:
2506:
2205:
1754:"Why HD movie downloads are a big lie"
1746:
224:in 1972, and was later adapted into a
81:The first electronic scanning format,
69:, a technique which is often known as
3263:
2866:
2705:
2612:
2536:"Iwata Asks: E3 2011 Special Edition"
1699:Video on demand: Research Paper 94/68
1589:
1356:
886:HD on the World Wide Web/HD streaming
845:Movies are also produced using other
253:Advanced Television Systems Committee
220:technique that was first proposed by
3833:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc)
2597:
2173:
2100:
1583:
1492:United States Federal Standard 1037C
678:
305:The number of lines in the vertical
283:
2734:Castle, Katharine (March 1, 2018).
2650:Vjestica, Adam (January 19, 2023).
2548:from the original on April 21, 2013
2507:Reimer, Jeremy (October 30, 2006).
1695:
1514:
827:
232:such as the H.26x formats from the
13:
2758:
2708:"Are ultrawide monitors worth it?"
2567:Yin-Poole, Wesley (June 5, 2012).
1689:
1664:
1567:10.1016/B978-0-444-81844-7.50072-3
1410:can display some games in 4K. The
413:Common high-definition video modes
402:the image vertically to present a
208:was enabled by the development of
14:
4137:
2851:
2678:Dexter, Alan (November 4, 2022).
2463:. SecurityInfoWatch. 15 June 2018
1658:
527:Ultra high-definition video modes
356:artifacts when subject is moving.
3870:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc)
2916:Ultra-high-definition television
1418:can display games in 4K and 8K.
1372:can output native 1080p through
1350:with motion picture frame rate.
683:
25:High definition (disambiguation)
2727:
2699:
2671:
2643:
2560:
2528:
2500:
2474:
2332:. HDTV Magazine. Archived from
2143:
2119:
1305:
1296:
2401:HDX (1080p) requires 4500 kbps
2328:Sturgeon, Shane (2008-02-21).
1722:
1508:
1287:
1:
3860:
3764:
2706:Smith, Matt (July 12, 2021).
2622:Byford, Sam (June 20, 2017).
2330:"Showdown: Apple TV vs. VUDU"
1502:
903:World Wide Web HD resolutions
771:National Film Board of Canada
674:
505:1440p (also known as Quad HD)
484:1080p (also known as Full HD)
463:1080i (also known as Full HD)
442:720p (also known as HD Ready)
2844:, technical report from the
2829:, technical report from the
2598:Wood, Rhys (March 8, 2022).
2206:Dipert, Brian (2008-07-17).
1775:"Amazon.com -- News Release"
1621:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z
1381:does not support HD. In the
640:4320p (also known as 8K UHD)
577:2160p (also known as 4K UHD)
251:The FCC process, led by the
7:
2416:. Microsoft. Archived from
1634:Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003).
1475:HDTV input and colorspace (
1448:
537:Frame size in pixels (W×H)
423:Frame size in pixels (W×H)
163:European Broadcasting Union
10:
4142:
4121:High-definition television
4079:Electronic Video Recording
2906:High-definition television
1730:"L_2021068EN.01010801.xml"
1460:Digital Video Broadcasting
908:
789:
742:The optical disc standard
532:
418:
294:common display resolutions
292:This chart shows the most
236:from 1988 onwards and the
234:Video Coding Experts Group
181:due to impractically high
168:
141:high-definition television
116:
76:
21:High-definition television
18:
4116:Film and video technology
4059:
4024:
3956:
3915:
3908:
3895:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray)
3885:
3813:
3792:PVD (Personal Video Disc)
3735:
3670:
3661:
3590:
3511:
3306:
3297:
3241:
3205:
3095:
3074:
3038:
3002:
2970:
2924:
2898:
2766:"Images formats for HDTV"
2174:Hunt, Neil (2008-11-06).
2101:Hunt, Neil (2008-11-06).
2058:. MetaCDN. Archived from
2056:"MetaCDN Technical Specs"
1934:"Live Streaming Solution"
1600:Digital Signal Processing
919:Total bit rate/bandwidth
916:Highest resolution (W×H)
692:This section needs to be
263:In the end, however, the
210:discrete cosine transform
135:, April 1981 and Japan's
112:
3328:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
2544:. June 2011. p. 7.
2386:"Streaming Requirements"
2358:"Streaming Requirements"
2081:"Live Streaming Service"
1756:. Ziff-Davis. 2007-05-31
1704:House of Commons Library
1323:HD in video surveillance
338:Progressive scanning (p)
3827:Professional Disc (PFD)
3334:Sony 2 inch helical VTR
989:2.25 - 4.5 Mbit/s
760:Types of recorded media
342:Interlaced scanning (i)
4073:Electronicam kinescope
4060:Video recorded to film
2484:. SCEA. Archived from
2388:. Vudu. Archived from
2360:. Vudu. Archived from
2013:. Hulu. Archived from
1985:. Hulu. Archived from
1957:. Hulu. Archived from
1665:Li, Jian Ping (2006).
895:(3-9 Mbit/s MP2)
297:
242:data compression ratio
177:was not possible with
23:. For other uses, see
3887:Ultra-High Definition
3291:Video storage formats
2911:High-definition video
2210:. EDN. Archived from
1863:. BBC. Archived from
1835:. BBC. Archived from
1696:Lea, William (1994).
1523:John Wiley & Sons
394:horizontally in 16:9
326:The scanning system:
291:
189:requirements, with a
139:presented its analog
117:Further information:
35:High-definition video
4106:Consumer electronics
2962:8640p (16K Ultra HD)
2893:High-definition (HD)
1710:on 20 September 2019
764:The high resolution
328:progressive scanning
230:video coding formats
93:until, in 1941, the
4126:Japanese inventions
3075:Filming and storage
2957:4320p (8K Ultra HD)
2952:2160p (4K Ultra HD)
2805:, article from the
2781:, article from the
2488:on January 13, 2008
1613:1991DSP.....1....4A
332:interlaced scanning
51:standard-definition
29:HD (disambiguation)
4111:Digital television
2741:Rock Paper Shotgun
2442:. SecurityMagazine
2420:on 27 October 2012
1515:Lee, Jack (2005).
1466:Digital television
1357:HD in video gaming
998:Blockbuster Online
943:2.5-6 Mbit/s
312:digital television
307:display resolution
298:
257:range of standards
228:DCT algorithm for
226:motion-compensated
179:uncompressed video
4088:
4087:
4055:
4054:
3904:
3903:
3851:BD (Blu-ray Disc)
3821:MUSE Hi-Vision LD
3657:
3656:
3257:
3256:
3003:Digital broadcast
2809:Technical Review.
2785:Technical Review.
1734:eur-lex.europa.eu
1408:PlayStation 4 Pro
1283:
1282:
1170:PlayStation Video
766:photographic film
713:
712:
659:
658:
540:Pixels per image
524:
523:
426:Pixels per image
396:anamorphic format
284:Technical details
255:(ATSC) adopted a
218:lossy compression
214:video compression
153:Europe developed
63:high-speed camera
49:and quality than
4133:
3913:
3912:
3865:
3862:
3769:
3766:
3668:
3667:
3304:
3303:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3182:Ultra HD Blu-ray
2994:MUSE (Hi-Vision)
2977:
2972:Analog broadcast
2887:
2880:
2873:
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2007:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1979:
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1972:
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1966:
1951:
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1941:
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1761:
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1744:
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1741:
1740:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1706:. Archived from
1693:
1687:
1686:
1673:World Scientific
1662:
1656:
1655:
1644:. pp. 1–2.
1631:
1625:
1624:
1593:(January 1991).
1587:
1581:
1580:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1512:
1497:Waveform monitor
1344:image processing
1316:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1261:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
1228:4.5 Mbit/s
1210:320 kbit/s
1187:256 kbit/s
1175:H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
1072:2.5 Mbit/s
992:192 kbit/s
971:192 kbit/s
965:3.2 Mbit/s
907:
906:
828:HD in filmmaking
708:
705:
699:
687:
686:
679:
531:
530:
417:
416:
199:
173:High-definition
85:, was the first
4141:
4140:
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4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4051:
4020:
3952:
3900:
3881:
3863:
3814:High Definition
3809:
3767:
3731:
3653:
3592:High Definition
3586:
3545:Digital Betacam
3507:
3293:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3237:
3201:
3098:
3091:
3070:
3034:
2998:
2984:819 line system
2975:
2974:
2966:
2947:1440p (Quad HD)
2942:1080p (Full HD)
2937:1080i (Full HD)
2920:
2894:
2891:
2854:
2839:
2835:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:Further reading
2756:
2746:
2744:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2676:
2672:
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2589:
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2561:
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2193:
2181:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2149:
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2120:
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2084:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
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1911:
1910:
1906:
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1773:
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1747:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1675:. p. 847.
1663:
1659:
1652:
1632:
1628:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1451:
1391:Nintendo Switch
1359:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1159:25 Mbit/s
925:Audio bit rate
922:Video bit rate
905:
888:
860:The four major
830:
798:
762:
709:
703:
700:
697:
688:
684:
677:
529:
415:
286:
216:. The DCT is a
204:video. Digital
194:
171:
121:
115:
99:René Barthélemy
87:high definition
79:
55:high-definition
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
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4103:
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3958:
3954:
3953:
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3944:
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3926:
3919:
3917:
3916:Media agnostic
3910:
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3898:
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3889:
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3882:
3880:
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3603:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3557:Digital-S (D9)
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
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3505:
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3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Super Audio CD
3174:
3169:
3167:MUSE LaserDisc
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
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3093:
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3090:
3089:
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3078:
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3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:Surround sound
3048:
3042:
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3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
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3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
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2889:
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2875:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2852:External links
2850:
2849:
2848:
2833:
2810:
2786:
2760:
2757:
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2754:
2726:
2698:
2670:
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2272:
2248:
2224:
2191:
2166:
2142:
2118:
2093:
2072:
2047:
2030:
2011:"Hulu - About"
2002:
1983:"Hulu - About"
1974:
1955:"Hulu - About"
1946:
1925:
1904:
1880:
1852:
1817:
1790:
1766:
1745:
1721:
1688:
1681:
1657:
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1582:
1575:
1538:
1531:
1525:. p. 25.
1506:
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1500:
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1494:
1489:
1484:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1393:, Microsoft's
1383:8th generation
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1207:4 Mbit/s
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1184:8 Mbit/s
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1050:5 Mbit/s
1048:
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1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
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1007:
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968:3 Mbit/s
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543:Scanning type
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429:Scanning type
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3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Archival Disc
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
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3059:
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3049:
3047:
3046:Dolby Digital
3044:
3043:
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3037:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
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3018:
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3013:
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3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
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2990:
2987:
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2982:
2981:
2979:
2976:(All defunct)
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2503:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2462:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2392:on 2010-01-29
2391:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2364:on 2010-01-29
2363:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2336:on 2008-05-12
2335:
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2317:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2258:
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2234:
2228:
2214:on 2008-09-07
2213:
2209:
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2200:
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2188:
2177:
2170:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2104:
2097:
2082:
2076:
2062:on 2014-08-20
2061:
2057:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2027:
2017:on 2009-10-26
2016:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1989:on 2009-10-26
1988:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1961:on 2009-10-26
1960:
1956:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1867:on 2014-02-22
1866:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1839:on 2014-02-22
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1814:
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1794:
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1682:9789812709998
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1651:9780852967102
1647:
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1576:9781483298511
1572:
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1532:9780470857649
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1444:
1443:multi-monitor
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1416:Xbox Series X
1413:
1412:PlayStation 5
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:PlayStation 4
1397:, and Sony's
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:, Nintendo's
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:game consoles
1368:
1364:
1363:PlayStation 3
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1332:
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1314:
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1199:
1196:
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1120:
1116:
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1111:
1108:
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1104:
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1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:On2 Flash VP6
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1044:
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883:
876:
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870:
867:
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865:
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856:
852:
848:
843:
839:
834:
825:
823:
817:
814:
809:
807:
803:
797:
796:Deinterlacing
793:
788:
784:
782:
778:
777:
772:
767:
757:
749:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
720:
718:
707:
695:
690:
681:
680:
672:
669:
667:
662:
654:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
633:
631:
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622:
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407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
383:
381:
373:
369:
365:
363:
358:
355:
351:
350:even numbered
347:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
324:
321:
318:Disc and the
317:
313:
309:
308:
303:
302:
301:
295:
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281:
277:
275:
271:
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261:
258:
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231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:digital video
166:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
120:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4101:Blu-ray Disc
3591:
3370:Cartrivision
3187:Uncompressed
3097:HD media and
2910:
2745:. Retrieved
2739:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2711:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2683:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2655:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2627:
2603:
2578:. Retrieved
2572:
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2539:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:Ars Technica
2512:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2476:
2465:. Retrieved
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2418:the original
2414:"XBox Video"
2408:
2400:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:the original
2380:
2372:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:the original
2352:
2344:
2338:. Retrieved
2334:the original
2323:
2315:
2309:. Retrieved
2299:
2291:
2285:. Retrieved
2275:
2267:
2261:. Retrieved
2251:
2243:
2237:. Retrieved
2227:
2216:. Retrieved
2212:the original
2186:
2180:. Retrieved
2169:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2113:
2107:. Retrieved
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:the original
2050:
2025:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2005:
1997:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1977:
1969:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1928:
1917:. Retrieved
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1875:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1855:
1847:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1812:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1793:
1785:
1779:. Retrieved
1777:. 2006-09-07
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:
1724:
1714:20 September
1712:. Retrieved
1708:the original
1698:
1691:
1667:
1660:
1636:
1629:
1604:
1598:
1591:Ahmed, Nasir
1585:
1554:
1517:
1510:
1439:aspect ratio
1420:
1360:
1352:
1340:
1336:image sensor
1333:
1326:
1307:
1298:
1289:
931:Amazon Video
889:
880:
862:film formats
859:
849:, including
835:
831:
818:
810:
799:
785:
774:
763:
754:
744:Blu-ray Disc
714:
701:
693:
670:
663:
660:
644:7,680×4,320
623:4,096×3,072
602:4,520×2,540
581:3,840×2,160
560:2,048×1,536
546:Frame rate (
509:2,560×1,440
488:1,920×1,080
467:1,920×1,080
432:Frame rate (
408:
403:
399:
391:
384:
377:
359:
353:
349:
346:odd-numbered
345:
341:
337:
325:
304:
299:
278:
276:standards).
262:
250:
246:
172:
152:
145:
122:
86:
80:
54:
38:
34:
33:
4026:Solid state
3864: 2006
3768: 1996
3678:Phonovision
3636:D6 HDTV VTR
3376:Philips VCR
3242:Deployments
3218:DisplayPort
3099:compression
2925:Resolutions
2747:January 26,
2719:January 26,
2691:January 26,
2663:January 26,
2635:January 26,
2580:January 26,
2520:January 26,
2492:January 14,
2373:HDX (1080p)
2155:Help Center
1561:: 611–618.
1431:DisplayPort
1421:Generally,
953:BBC iPlayer
851:70 mm films
847:film gauges
838:VistaVision
773:short film
737:DisplayPort
651:Progressive
647:33,177,600
634:24, 30, 60
630:Progressive
626:12,582,912
613:24, 30, 60
609:Progressive
605:11,480,800
588:Progressive
571:24, 30, 60
567:Progressive
534:Video mode
516:Progressive
495:Progressive
453:Progressive
420:Video mode
222:Nasir Ahmed
4095:Categories
3563:Betacam SX
3472:Betacam SP
3436:Video 2000
3316:Quadruplex
3206:Connectors
2823:(117
2799:(207
2775:(549
2467:2018-06-15
2446:2020-01-28
2424:8 November
2396:2010-02-09
2368:2010-02-09
2340:2009-11-05
2311:2009-10-16
2287:2009-10-16
2263:2009-10-16
2239:2009-10-16
2218:2009-10-16
2182:2009-10-16
2160:2016-11-26
2136:2016-11-26
2109:2009-10-16
2087:2014-08-20
2066:2014-08-20
2021:2009-10-16
1993:2009-10-16
1965:2009-10-16
1940:2011-11-30
1919:2011-11-30
1898:2009-10-16
1871:2014-02-11
1843:2014-02-11
1808:2009-10-16
1781:2009-10-16
1760:2010-06-28
1739:2023-03-19
1607:(1): 4–5.
1503:References
1455:ATSC tuner
1404:Xbox One X
1348:megapixels
1329:frame rate
1315:" in 2012.
1313:Xbox Video
1273:7680×4320
1244:1920×1080
1238:Xbox Video
1225:1920×1080
1202:1920×1080
1179:1920×1080
1156:3840×2160
1098:1920×1080
1023:1920×1080
842:Technirama
790:See also:
704:March 2024
675:HD content
584:8,294,400
563:3,145,728
512:3,686,400
491:2,073,600
474:Interlaced
470:2,073,600
446:1,280×720
193:exceeding
59:scan lines
47:resolution
45:of higher
4067:Kinescope
3997:AVC-Intra
3964:CamCutter
3947:DVCPRO HD
3714:Laserfilm
3696:LaserDisc
3663:Videodisc
3600:Sony HDVS
3299:Videotape
3213:Component
3132:DVD-Audio
2932:720p (HD)
2657:TechRadar
2629:The Verge
2605:TechRadar
2574:Eurogamer
2178:. Netflix
2131:MakeUseOf
2105:. Netflix
2083:. MetaCDN
1894:. CBS.com
1435:Ultrawide
1361:Both the
1135:No Limit
1091:QuickTime
1069:1280×720
1004:1280×720
983:1280×720
962:1280×720
940:1280×720
893:DVD-Video
666:UltraWide
404:letterbox
187:bandwidth
129:Sony HDVS
109:network.
91:441 lines
83:405 lines
71:filmizing
3957:Tapeless
3941:DVCPRO50
3720:CD Video
3684:Ampex-HS
3648:HDCAM SR
3612:BCH 1000
3575:MPEG IMX
3569:Digital8
2899:Concepts
2713:PC World
2685:PC Gamer
2546:Archived
2541:Nintendo
1936:. Dacast
1915:. Dacast
1559:Elsevier
1471:HD ready
1449:See also
1423:PC games
1395:Xbox One
1367:Xbox 360
1086:Apple TV
1047:Unknown
1015:CBS.com/
977:blinkbox
897:upscaled
855:CINERAMA
824:movies.
792:Telecine
776:Momentum
655:60, 120
592:60, 120
449:921,600
400:squishes
392:squeezed
372:pulldown
274:SD video
191:bit rate
39:HD video
4075:(1950s)
4046:MicroP2
3967:Editcam
3909:Virtual
3761:MiniDVD
3749:MovieCD
3736:Digital
3581:MicroMV
3513:Digital
3490:S-VHS-C
3460:Betacam
3394:Betamax
3364:U-matic
3346:CV-2000
3117:Blu-ray
3015:DMB-T/H
2552:June 9,
2307:. Vimeo
2283:. Vimeo
2259:. Vimeo
2235:. Vimeo
1609:Bibcode
1256:YouTube
1147:Netflix
1110:MetaCDN
910:Source
822:Blu-ray
802:Betacam
781:IMAX HD
735:and/or
694:updated
354:combing
330:(p) or
316:Blu-ray
195:1
169:Digital
133:Algiers
77:History
4081:(1967)
4069:(1947)
4048:(2012)
4042:(2007)
4036:(2004)
4017:(2012)
4011:(2009)
4009:iFrame
4005:(2007)
3999:(2006)
3993:(2006)
3987:(2005)
3981:(2004)
3979:GBA-TV
3975:(2003)
3969:(1995)
3949:(2000)
3943:(1997)
3937:(1996)
3931:(1995)
3929:DVCPRO
3925:(1995)
3897:(2016)
3878:(2008)
3872:(2007)
3857:MiniBD
3853:(2006)
3847:(2006)
3845:HD DVD
3841:(2006)
3835:(2004)
3829:(2003)
3823:(1994)
3806:(2005)
3800:(2004)
3794:(2003)
3788:(2003)
3782:(1998)
3776:(1998)
3757:(1996)
3751:(1996)
3745:(1993)
3728:(1990)
3722:(1987)
3716:(1984)
3710:(1983)
3704:(1981)
3698:(1978)
3692:(1975)
3686:(1967)
3680:(1927)
3671:Analog
3650:(2003)
3644:(2003)
3638:(2000)
3632:(1998)
3626:(1997)
3620:(1994)
3614:(1992)
3608:(1984)
3602:(1984)
3583:(2001)
3577:(2000)
3571:(1999)
3565:(1996)
3559:(1995)
3553:(1994)
3547:(1993)
3541:(1992)
3535:(1991)
3529:(1988)
3523:(1986)
3504:(1998)
3498:(1989)
3492:(1987)
3486:(1987)
3480:(1986)
3474:(1986)
3468:(1985)
3466:Video8
3462:(1982)
3456:(1982)
3450:(1982)
3444:(1980)
3438:(1980)
3432:(1979)
3426:(1977)
3420:(1976)
3414:(1976)
3412:Type C
3408:(1976)
3406:Type B
3402:(1975)
3396:(1975)
3390:(1974)
3384:(1974)
3382:V-Cord
3378:(1972)
3372:(1972)
3366:(1971)
3360:(1969)
3358:EIAJ-1
3354:(1967)
3348:(1965)
3342:(1965)
3340:Type A
3336:(1961)
3330:(1961)
3324:(1958)
3318:(1956)
3308:Analog
3162:MPEG-2
3157:HD VMD
3152:HD DVD
2989:HD MAC
2821:
2797:
2773:
1803:Amazon
1679:
1648:
1573:
1529:
1441:, and
1115:MPEG-4
1082:iTunes
1034:Dacast
1017:TV.com
913:Codec
368:pixels
320:HD DVD
212:(DCT)
197:Gbit/s
183:memory
155:HD-MAC
113:Analog
3991:AVCHD
3973:XDCAM
3935:DVCAM
3630:D-VHS
3624:HDCAM
3618:W-VHS
3606:UniHi
3484:S-VHS
3448:VHS-C
3197:W-VHS
3147:H.266
3142:H.265
3137:H.264
3127:D-VHS
3039:Audio
3030:SBTVD
2840:(PDF)
2817:(PDF)
2793:(PDF)
2769:(PDF)
1481:YCbCr
1477:YPbPr
1462:(DVB)
1387:Wii U
1221:H.264
1198:H.264
1193:Vimeo
1094:H.264
1043:H.264
958:H.264
813:1080i
619:4000p
598:2540p
387:frame
380:1080p
202:1080p
43:video
41:) is
4015:XAVC
3780:SVCD
3502:Ruvi
3352:Akai
3322:VERA
3228:HDMI
3192:VC-1
3122:CBHD
3025:ISDB
3010:ATSC
2858:ATSC
2749:2023
2721:2023
2693:2023
2665:2023
2637:2023
2582:2023
2554:2011
2522:2023
2494:2008
2426:2012
1716:2019
1677:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1414:and
1406:and
1389:and
1374:HDMI
1365:the
1216:Vudu
1152:VC-1
1127:WebM
1060:Hulu
936:VC-1
806:720p
794:and
733:HDMI
556:2000
322:are.
272:and
238:MPEG
206:HDTV
200:for
185:and
125:MUSE
67:film
27:and
4040:SxS
4003:TOD
3985:MOD
3839:VMD
3804:FVD
3798:UMD
3786:EVD
3774:CVD
3755:DVD
3743:VCD
3726:VSD
3708:VHD
3702:CED
3690:TeD
3642:HDV
3539:DCT
3496:Hi8
3478:MII
3442:CVC
3430:SVR
3418:VHS
3400:IVC
3233:VGA
3223:DVI
3172:MVC
3112:AV1
3087:HDV
3082:DCI
3066:DTS
3061:DXD
3056:DSD
3020:DVB
2846:EBU
2831:EBU
2825:KiB
2807:EBU
2801:KiB
2783:EBU
2777:KiB
1617:doi
1563:doi
1427:GPU
1379:Wii
1269:AV1
1265:VP9
1131:3GP
1123:OGG
1119:FLV
1039:VP6
729:DVI
725:VGA
334:(i)
265:DVB
159:MAC
137:NHK
107:TF1
103:819
95:FCC
4097::
4034:P2
3923:DV
3861:c.
3765:c.
3551:D5
3533:D3
3527:D2
3521:D1
3424:VK
3388:VX
2738:.
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2185:.
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1521:.
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1125:,
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1117:,
1041:,
857:.
783:.
748:GB
731:,
727:,
717:BD
550:)
548:Hz
436:)
434:Hz
385:A
362:Hz
336:.
270:HD
165:.
73:.
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3859:(
3770:)
3763:(
3454:M
3283:e
3276:t
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