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802:. Ischiofemoral ligament is the thickening of posterior capsule of the hip and pubofemoral ligament is the thickening of the inferior capsule. In the upright position, iliofemoral ligament prevents the trunk from falling backward without the need for muscular activity, thus preventing excessive hyperextension. In the sitting position, it becomes relaxed, thus permitting the pelvis to tilt backward into its sitting position. Ischiofemoral prevents excessive extension and the pubofemoral ligament prevents excess abduction and extension.
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63:
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931:, a compound movement in which the leg describes the surface of an irregular cone). Some of the hip muscles also act on either the vertebral joints or the knee joint, that with their extensive areas of origin and/or insertion, different part of individual muscles participate in very different movements, and that the range of movement varies with the position of the hip joint. Additionally, the
748:
719:
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824:, is attached to a depression in the acetabulum (the acetabular notch) and a depression on the femoral head (the fovea of the head). It is only stretched when the hip is dislocated, and may then prevent further displacement. It is not that important as a ligament but can often be vitally important as a conduit of a small artery to the head of the femur, that is, the
674:
and lateral one-third of the femoral neck, one finger breadth away from the intertrochanteric crest. From its attachment at the femoral neck, the fibres of the capsule reflected backwards towards the acetabulum, carrying retinacula vessels supplying the femoral head. The part of femoral neck outside the capsule is shorter in front than posteriorly.
813:, is covered by the other ligaments which partly radiate into it. The zona orbicularis acts like a buttonhole on the femoral head and assists in maintaining the contact in the joint. All three ligaments become taut when the joint is extended - this stabilises the joint, and reduces the energy demand of muscles when standing.
544:
or "roof", and the horizontal plane, or a line connecting the corner of the triangular cartilage and the lateral acetabular rim. In normal hips in children aged between 11 and 24 months, it has been estimated to be on average 20°, ranging between 18° and 25°. It becomes progressively lower with age.
646:
In the femur, the first system lines up with a system arising from the lateral part of the femoral shaft to stretch to the inferior portion of the femoral neck and head. The other system lines up with a system in the femur stretching from the medial part of the femoral shaft to the superior part of
673:
Proximally, capsule of the hip joint is attached to the edge of the acetabulum, acetabular labrum, and transverse acetabular ligament. Distally, it is attached to the trochanters of the femur and intertrochanteric line anteriorly. Posteriorly, it is attached to a junction between medial two-thirds
793:
respectively). All three strengthen the capsule and prevent an excessive range of movement in the joint. Of these, the Y-shaped and twisted iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the human body. It has a tensile strength of 350 kg. Iliofemoral ligament is a thickening of the anterior
1315:
are also more widely spaced in females, so as to widen the opening in the hip bone and thus facilitate childbirth. Finally, the ilium and its muscle attachment are shaped so as to situate the buttocks away from the birth canal, where contraction of the buttocks could otherwise damage the baby.
1231:
is especially involved in hip adduction. Maximal adduction is impeded by the thighs coming into contact with one another. This can be avoided by abducting the opposite leg, or having the legs alternately flexed/extended at the hip so they travel in different planes and do not
495:) and another line passing through the inferior angle of triradiate cartilage to superior acetabular rim. The angle measures 35 degrees at birth, 25 degrees at one year of age, and less than 10 degrees by 15 years of age. In adults the angle can vary from 33 to 38 degrees.
396:
of the pelvis. The socket of the acetabulum is pointing downwards and anterolaterally. The socket is also turned such that the outer edge of its roof is more lateral than outer edge of the floor. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the
523:(VCA) is an angle formed from a vertical line (V) and a line from the centre of the femoral head (C) and the anterior (A) edge of the dense shadow of the subchondral bone slightly posterior to the anterior edge of the acetabulum, with the radiograph being taken from the
51:
1401:
428:
where the roughly spherical femoral head is largely contained within the acetabulum and has an average radius of curvature of 2.5 cm. The acetabulum grasps almost half the femoral ball, a grip deepened by a ring-shaped fibrocartilaginous lip, the
352:
The hip joint, also known as a ball and socket joint, is formed by the acetabulum of the pelvis and the femoral head, which is the top portion of the thigh bone (femur). It allows for a wide range of movement and stability in the lower body.
1331:
and also serve as an anatomical cue of sexual maturity, they have been seen as an attractive trait for women for thousands of years. Many of the classical poses women take when sculpted, painted or photographed, such as the
3825:
437:. The acetabular labrum is horse-shoe shaped. Its inferior notch is bridged by transverse acetabular ligament. The joint space between the femoral head and the superior acetabulum is normally between 2 and 7 mm.
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950:
The movements of the hip joint is thus performed by a series of muscles which are here presented in order of importance with the range of motion from the neutral zero-degree position indicated:
830:. This artery is not present in everyone but can become the only blood supply to the bone in the head of the femur when the neck of the femur is fractured or disrupted by injury in childhood.
2457:
Ruiz
Santiago, Fernando; Santiago Chinchilla, Alicia; Ansari, Afshin; Guzmán Álvarez, Luis; Castellano García, Maria del Mar; Martínez Martínez, Alberto; Tercedor Sánchez, Juan (2016).
639:, from where its trabeculae are reflected to the inferior part of the acetabulum. The other system emerges on the lower part of the auricular surface, converges at the level of the
1181:. Maximal abduction is inhibited by the neck of the femur coming into contact with the lateral pelvis. When the hips are flexed, this delays the impingement until a greater angle.
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that occurs in the upper part of the femur. Symptoms may include pain around the hip particularly with movement and shortening of the leg. The hip joint can be replaced by a
881:, the latter of which provides most of the blood to the head of the femur. These anastomoses exist between the femoral artery or profunda femoris and the gluteal vessels.
440:
The head of the femur is attached to the shaft by a thin neck region that is often prone to fracture in the elderly, which is mainly due to the degenerative effects of
433:, which extends the joint beyond the equator. The centre of the acetabulum (fovea) does not articulate to anything. Instead, it is lined with fat pad and attached to
502:
is an angle between a line passing from the anterior to the posterior acetabular rim and the sagittal plane. It measures 7° at birth and increases to 17° in adults.
756:
Intracapsular ligament. Left hip joint from within pelvis with the acetabular floor removed (left); right hip joint with capsule removed, anterior aspect (right).
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Changes in the CCD angle is the result of changes in the stress patterns applied to the hip joint. Such changes, caused for example by a dislocation, change the
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1931:
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when the blood supply from the medial and lateral circumflex arteries are disrupted (e.g. through fracture of the neck of the femur along their course).
509:(CE angle) is an angle between a vertical line and a line from the centre of the femoral head to the most lateral part of the acetabulum, as seen on an
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The acetabulum is oriented inferiorly, laterally and anteriorly, while the femoral neck is directed superiorly, medially, and slightly anteriorly.
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1069:(if put out of action, active standing from a sitting position is not possible, but standing and walking on a flat surface is); dorsal fibers of
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619:
Changes in trabecular patterns due to altered CCD angle. Coxa valga leads to more compression trabeculae, coxa vara to more tension trabeculae.
854:. There is also a small contribution from the foveal artery, a small vessel in the ligament of the head of the femur which is a branch of the
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The strong but loose fibrous capsule of the hip joint permits the hip joint to have the second largest range of movement (second only to the
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Hip
Preservation Awareness, information and support for hip impingement, hip dysplasia, and related issues in young adults (12-adult)
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In humans, unlike other animals, the hip bones are substantially different in the two sexes. The hips of human females widen during
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In the hip bone, one system arises on the upper part of the auricular surface to converge onto the posterior surface of the
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inhibits lateral rotation and extension, this is why the hip can rotate laterally to a greater degree when it is flexed.
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of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline
1291:. Excessive coverage of femoral head by the acetabulum can lead to pincer-type femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI).
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may be the result of numerous causes, including nervous, osteoarthritic, infectious, traumatic, and genetic.
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The hip muscles act on three mutually perpendicular main axes, all of which pass through the center of the
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This article is about the anatomical description of the hip. For the cultural description of buttocks, see
1927:"Anterior acetabular head index of the hip on false-profile views. New index of anterior acetabular cover"
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1735:"Anthropometric study of the hip joint in northeastern region population with computed tomography scan"
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850:(profunda femoris), but there are numerous variations and one or both may also arise directly from the
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The hip joint is reinforced by four ligaments, of which three are extracapsular and one intracapsular.
538:
or
Hilgenreiner angle) is an angle formed parallel to the weight bearing dome, that is, the acetabular
1998:
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patterns inside the bones. Two continuous trabecular systems emerging on the auricular surface of the
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Mannava S, Geeslin AG, Frangiamore SJ, Cinque ME, Geeslin MG, Chahla J, Philippon MJ (October 2017).
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1678:"The normal hip joint space: variations in width, shape, and architecture on 223 pelvic radiographs"
487:(or Sharp's angle) is the angle between the horizontal line passing through the inferior aspects of
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which functions as a tension band and reduces the bending loads on the proximal part of the femur.
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329:) postures. The hip joints have very important roles in retaining balance, and for maintaining the
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Windhagen, H.; Thorey, F.; Kronewid, H.; Pressel, T.; Herold, D.; Stukenborg-Colsman, C. (2005).
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meander and criss-cross each other down through the hip bone, the femoral head, neck, and shaft.
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that is designed to prevent hip fractures among such uses as the elderly and hospital patients.
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1834:"Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Femoroacetabular Impingement Part 2, Plain Radiography"
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Anatomical region between the torso and the legs, holding the buttocks and genital region
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1587:"Understanding the Coxofemoral Joint: Anatomy, Functions, and Common Causes of Hip Pain"
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around a sagittal axis (forward-backward); and a combination of these movements (i.e.
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Extracapsular ligaments. Anterior (left) and posterior (right) aspects of right hip.
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The longitudinal retinacular fibers travel along the neck and carry blood vessels.
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or CCD angle, normally measures approximately 150° in newborn and 126° in adults (
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The angle between the longitudinal axes of the femoral neck and shaft, called the
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1945:
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2026:"The effect of functional splinting on mild dysplastic hips after walking onset"
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1808:
THIEME Atlas of
Anatomy - Volume 1 - General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System
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through the ages has often drawn attention to the girth of the wearer's hips.
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2459:"Imaging of Hip Pain: From Radiography to Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques"
2438:. The Harriet and Robert Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health
1701:
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1246:
1147:. Maximal flexion is inhibited by the thigh coming in contact with the chest.
944:
424:, is fused definitively at ages 14–16. It is a special type of spheroidal or
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95:
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The proximal femur is largely covered by muscles and, as a consequence, the
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The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones — the
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2003:
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and the three muscles together form the three-headed muscle known as the
870:
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461:
330:
255:
243:
3090:
2963:
2914:
2788:
2740:
2732:
2726:
1811:(2nd ed.). China: Thieme Medical Pu blish ers, In c. p. 439.
1430:
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1287:
can lead to hip subluxation (partial dislocation), degeneration of the
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1112:
896:
863:
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598:
588:
527:, that is, a lateral view rotated 25 degrees towards becoming frontal.
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393:
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302:
181:
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The circular fibers form a collar around the femoral neck called the
624:
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402:
377:
368:
592:. Because changes in shape of the femur naturally affects the knee,
3172:
3070:
2990:
2825:
2758:
2644:
Thieme Atlas of
Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System
2621:
2414:
1262:
678:
643:, and is reflected laterally onto the upper part of the acetabulum.
336:
318:
279:
235:
31:
1971:
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1890:
Imaging of the hip & bony pelvis: techniques and applications
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The capsule has two sets of fibers: longitudinal and circular.
216:
2023:
1879:
1877:
1338:, serve to emphasize the prominence of their hips. Similarly,
1294:
809:, which lies like a collar around the most narrow part of the
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3000:
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2892:
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Faller, Adolf; Schuenke, Michael; Schuenke, Gabriele (2004).
1312:
360:
is often the only palpable bony structure in the hip region.
314:
263:
212:
83:
1085:. Additionally, the following thigh muscles extend the hip:
282:, which forms the superomedial/deep wall of the hip region.
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3015:
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1874:
2410:"Smart beds, disease detectors and other cool tech at CES"
2287:
at
Medscape. Author: Moira Davenport. Updated: Apr 2, 2012
1265:
can have multiple sources and can also be associated with
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738:
718:
709:
3167:
3110:
2982:
2820:
2815:
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2567:
1804:
1283:
Abnormal orientation of the acetabular socket as seen in
681:) and yet support the weight of the body, arms and head.
470:
Transverse and sagittal angles of acetabular inlet plane.
2622:
Palastanga, Nigel; Field, Derek; Soames, Roger (2006).
549:
to classify the angle as abnormally increased include:
2205:
Color Atlas of Human
Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System
961:(30° with the hip extended, 50° with the hip flexed):
50:
1932:
The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
420:. The Y-shaped growth plate that separates them, the
1732:
1319:
The female hips have long been associated with both
2319:
2317:
2295:
2293:
2240:
2167:
2165:
2163:
1887:
2625:Anatomy and human movement: structure and function
919:around a longitudinal axis (along the thigh); and
2101:
846:arteries, which are both usually branches of the
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2314:
2290:
2160:
2082:
1800:
1798:
1657:
1257:operation due to fractures or illnesses such as
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2188:
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2184:
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1805:Schuenke, M; Schulte, E; Schumacher, U (2015).
1645:
1553:
1536:"Everything You Need to Know About Hip Anatomy"
2340:(Eighth ed.). Philadelphia. p. 728.
2275:. teachmeanatomy.net. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
2244:Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Hip Joint
2225:
2141:
1733:Saikia KC, Bhuyan SK, Rongphar R (July 2008).
1187:(30° with hip extended, 20° with hip flexed):
1153:(50° with hip extended, 80° with hip flexed):
838:The hip joint is supplied with blood from the
3153:
2703:
1974:Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Secrets - E-Book
1795:
1787:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
1619:(Third ed.). Elsevier Ltd. p. 287.
2305:
2241:Gold, M.; Munjal, A.; Varacallo, M. (2021).
2177:
1911:
1909:
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1638:
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1972:Jeffrey D. Placzek, David A. Boyce (2016).
1924:
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1600:
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1295:Sexual dimorphism and cultural significance
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2628:(5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
2588:(3rd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
2360:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2234:
2107:
1503:
1119:(with psoas major from vertebral column);
856:posterior division of the obturator artery
388:formed by the articulation of the rounded
61:
49:
2509:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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2146:(12 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
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1996:
1944:
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781:attached to the bones of the pelvis (the
651:On the lateral side of the hip joint the
2522:
1976:(3 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.
1675:
1593:
1298:
1276:, a company named Safeware announced an
1236:
1097:. Maximal extension is inhibited by the
903:and three pair of principal directions:
884:
614:
367:
2586:Anatomy: palpation and surface markings
2202:
1303:Dancers often stand with hands on hips.
1139:. Thigh muscles acting as hip flexors:
911:around a transverse axis (left-right);
869:The hip has two anatomically important
372:Radiograph of a healthy human hip joint
14:
3878:
2368:
2128:
1482:
1410:of the hip, with measurements used in
1051:; and, with the leg abducted also the
580:An abnormally small angle is known as
500:sagittal angle of the acetabular inlet
3141:
2691:
2583:
2529:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2436:"Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology"
2335:
2329:
2144:Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging
1615:Ryan, Stephanie (2011). "Chapter 8".
1533:
564:
521:vertical-centre-anterior margin angle
266:. In adults, the three pelvic bones (
2543:
1999:"Developmental dysplasia of the hip"
1614:
1500:in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77)
1345:
289:, scientifically referred to as the
3405:posterior of the head of the fibula
2211:. pp. 196, 198, 200, 244–246.
1395:Illustration of Hip (Frontal view).
858:, which becomes important to avoid
479:
215:on the outer (lateral) side of the
196:
24:
3467:medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
3400:anterior of the head of the fibula
2285:Hip Fracture in Emergency Medicine
1534:Green, Shelby (15 December 2022).
25:
3907:
3497:lateral collateral of ankle joint
3270:Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
2661:
2389:from the original on 29 June 2017
1383:Muscles of Thigh. Anterior views.
586:and an abnormally large angle as
3582:plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
3265:Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
2547:Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology
2085:Pediatric Orthopedic Deformities
1682:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
1573:"Hip joint - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS"
1400:
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2463:Radiology Research and Practice
2450:
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2017:
1997:Setia, Rahul; Gaillard, Frank.
1990:
1961:
1726:
833:
363:
3587:bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
1925:Chosa, E.; Tajima, N. (2003).
1617:Anatomy for diagnostic imaging
1579:
1565:
1527:
1441:Femoral acetabular impingement
1327:. Since broad hips facilitate
1274:2022 Consumer Electronics Show
13:
1:
2606:. MediLexicon. Archived from
2523:Clemente, Carmine D. (2006).
2516:
2408:Patterson, Dan (2022-01-06).
796:anterior inferior iliac spine
571:caput-collum-diaphyseal angle
309:. Its primary function is to
3713:interosseous cuneometatarsal
3433:Interosseous membrane of leg
2526:Clemente's Anatomy Dissector
1946:10.1302/0301-620X.85B6.14146
1888:Whitehouse, Richard (2006).
989:from the vertebral column);
699:
655:is strengthened to form the
342:
7:
3708:interosseous intercuneiform
3620:bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
2338:Clinically oriented anatomy
1496:in the sense "hip", but by
1419:
1207:with its attachment at the
1165:with its attachment at the
67:Right hip of a female human
10:
3912:
3757:Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
1850:10.1016/j.eats.2017.06.011
1323:and general expression of
1031:(40°): anterior fibers of
888:
844:lateral circumflex femoral
666:
662:
555:30° up to 4 months of age.
29:
3843:
3816:
3793:
3755:
3732:
3725:
3688:
3665:
3642:
3632:
3595:
3567:
3558:
3522:
3454:
3445:
3413:
3390:
3383:
3356:
3250:
3241:
3183:
3061:
2981:
2972:
2877:
2849:
2739:
2725:
2083:Frederic Shapiro (2002).
1642:Faller (2004), pp 174-175
937:Superior gemelli muscles
840:medial circumflex femoral
558:25° up to 2 years of age.
532:articular cartilage angle
347:
162:
150:
134:
118:
106:
94:
82:
77:
72:
60:
48:
43:
3734:Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
2550:. Taylor & Francis.
2336:Moore, Keith L. (2018).
2231:Palastanga (2006), p 353
2203:Platzer, Werner (2004).
1759:(inactive 24 Apr 2024).
1476:
1371:Hip joint. Lateral view.
1359:Hip joint. Lateral view.
1227:. Of the thigh muscles,
1215:(extends to the tibia);
879:trochanteric anastomoses
848:deep artery of the thigh
602:(bow-leggedness), while
331:pelvic inclination angle
3891:Bones of the lower limb
2544:Diab, Mohammad (1999).
2324:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
2300:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
2172:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
2142:Brian D. Coley (2013).
1756:10.4103/0019-5413.39572
1694:10.1136/ard.2003.018424
1664:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
1652:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
1560:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy
794:capsule extending from
596:is often combined with
534:(AC angle, also called
55:Bones of the hip region
3780:superficial transverse
3615:plantar calcaneocuboid
3524:Subtalar/talocalcaneal
3428:Posterior tibiofibular
2719:Human regional anatomy
2311:Clemente (2006), p 227
2047:10.1186/1471-2431-5-17
1838:Arthroscopy Techniques
1412:X-ray of hip dysplasia
1304:
800:intertrochanteric line
620:
373:
291:acetabulofemoral joint
278:) have fused into one
207:, refers to either an
164:Anatomical terminology
34:. For other uses, see
3605:dorsal calcaneocuboid
3569:Talocalcaneonavicular
3507:posterior talofibular
3423:Anterior tibiofibular
3415:Inferior tibiofibular
3392:Superior tibiofibular
3371:Infrapatellar fat pad
3218:transverse acetabular
2678:High-performance hips
2584:Field, Derek (2001).
1466:Snapping hip syndrome
1446:Hip dysplasia (human)
1302:
1237:Clinical significance
899:, resulting in three
885:Muscles and movements
779:pubofemoral ligaments
641:superior gluteal line
637:greater sciatic notch
618:
489:triradiate cartilages
426:ball and socket joint
384:is a ball and socket
371:
317:in both static (e.g.
299:ball-and-socket joint
246:, and lateral to the
3577:dorsal talonavicular
3502:anterior talofibular
3477:posterior tibiotalar
3456:Talocrural and ankle
2476:10.1155/2016/6369237
1892:. Berlin: Springer.
1676:Lequesne, M (2004).
1159:tensor fasciae latae
1121:tensor fasciae latae
1099:iliofemoral ligament
1041:tensor fasciae latae
1019:iliofemoral ligament
669:Capsule of hip joint
422:triradiate cartilage
321:) and dynamic (e.g.
36:Hip (disambiguation)
3795:Metatarsophalangeal
3472:anterior tibiotalar
2302:(2006), pp 383, 440
1456:Obstetrical dilemma
1093:, and long head of
973:; dorsal fibers of
493:Hilgenreiner's line
301:between the pelvic
205:medical terminology
2271:2013-01-03 at the
2266:teachmeanatomy.net
2110:"Acetabular angle"
1920:2011-07-24 at the
1844:(5): e2003–e2009.
1305:
1225:obturator externus
1209:gluteal tuberosity
1179:obturator internus
1047:inserted into the
991:obturator externus
971:obturator internus
941:obturator internus
901:degrees of freedom
891:Muscles of the hip
860:avascular necrosis
769:ligaments are the
621:
565:Femoral neck angle
374:
358:greater trochanter
311:support the weight
260:greater trochanter
3870:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3839:
3838:
3721:
3720:
3667:Cuboideonavicular
3628:
3627:
3560:Transverse tarsal
3441:
3440:
3379:
3378:
3223:acetabular labrum
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
2673:Hip anatomy video
2653:978-1-58890-419-5
2347:978-1-4963-4721-3
2153:978-1-4557-5360-4
2094:978-0-08-053856-3
1983:978-0-323-28683-1
1899:978-3-540-20640-8
1818:978-1-60406-923-5
1626:978-0-7020-2971-4
1346:Additional images
1289:acetabular labrum
1221:quadratus femoris
1049:adductor tubercle
1029:internal rotation
967:quadratus femoris
959:external rotation
864:head of the femur
647:the femoral head.
507:centre-edge angle
431:acetabular labrum
392:and the cup-like
390:head of the femur
382:coxofemoral joint
248:obturator foramen
209:anatomical region
178:
177:
173:
16:(Redirected from
3903:
3730:
3729:
3640:
3639:
3565:
3564:
3452:
3451:
3388:
3387:
3248:
3247:
3233:zona orbicularis
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3138:
2979:
2978:
2910:Vertebral column
2712:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2657:
2646:. Thieme. 2006.
2639:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2599:
2580:
2561:
2540:
2511:
2506:
2496:
2478:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2383:OrthoInfo - AAOS
2375:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2351:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2207:(5th ed.).
2200:
2175:
2169:
2158:
2157:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2108:Frank Gaillard.
2105:
2099:
2098:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1688:(9): 1145–1151.
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1612:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1507:
1501:
1486:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1335:Grande Odalisque
1193:adductor minimus
913:lateral rotation
829:
828:
822:ligamentum teres
807:zona orbicularis
750:
741:
721:
712:
690:zona orbicularis
657:iliotibial tract
629:sacroiliac joint
536:acetabular index
485:Acetabular angle
480:Articular angles
464:
455:
435:ligamentum teres
198:
170:edit on Wikidata
167:
65:
53:
41:
40:
21:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3862:
3835:
3818:Interphalangeal
3812:
3789:
3785:deep transverse
3751:
3717:
3684:
3661:
3624:
3591:
3554:
3518:
3512:calcaneofibular
3437:
3409:
3375:
3366:Patellar tendon
3352:
3301:fibular/lateral
3237:
3179:
3166:
3136:
3127:
3057:
2968:
2873:
2845:
2735:
2721:
2716:
2664:
2654:
2642:
2636:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2596:
2577:
2558:
2537:
2519:
2514:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2379:"Hip Fractures"
2377:
2376:
2369:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2273:Wayback Machine
2264:
2260:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2201:
2178:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2077:
2073:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1966:
1962:
1922:Wayback Machine
1914:
1907:
1900:
1882:
1875:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1803:
1796:
1780:
1779:
1739:Indian J Orthop
1731:
1727:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1613:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1498:Pliny the Elder
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:Waist–hip ratio
1451:Hip examination
1422:
1415:
1405:
1396:
1393:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1348:
1340:women's fashion
1297:
1267:lower back pain
1255:hip replacement
1239:
1205:gluteus maximus
1201:adductor brevis
1197:adductor longus
1189:adductor magnus
1171:gluteus minimus
1163:gluteus maximus
1133:adductor brevis
1129:adductor longus
1087:semimembranosus
1079:adductor magnus
1067:gluteus maximus
1045:adductor magnus
995:adductor magnus
963:gluteus maximus
917:medial rotation
893:
887:
836:
826:
825:
760:
759:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
743:
742:
731:
730:
729:
728:
724:
723:
722:
714:
713:
702:
671:
665:
612:(knock-knees).
567:
511:anteroposterior
482:
474:
473:
472:
471:
467:
466:
465:
457:
456:
366:
350:
345:
337:Pain of the hip
174:
127:
68:
56:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3909:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3690:Intercuneiform
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3644:Cuneonavicular
3637:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3597:Calcaneocuboid
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3487:tibionavicular
3484:
3482:tibiocalcaneal
3479:
3474:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3358:Patellofemoral
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3308:intracapsular:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3275:extracapsular:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2884:
2882:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:Hip Pain ICD10
2680:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2662:External links
2660:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2619:
2600:
2594:
2581:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2449:
2427:
2400:
2385:. April 2009.
2367:
2346:
2328:
2313:
2304:
2289:
2277:
2258:
2247:. StatPearls.
2233:
2224:
2217:
2176:
2159:
2152:
2127:
2100:
2093:
2071:
2030:BMC Pediatrics
2016:
1989:
1982:
1960:
1939:(6): 826–829.
1905:
1898:
1873:
1824:
1817:
1794:
1725:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1625:
1592:
1578:
1564:
1552:
1540:Feel Good Life
1526:
1502:
1480:
1478:
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1474:
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1373:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1296:
1293:
1259:osteoarthritis
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1229:semitendinosus
1182:
1155:gluteus medius
1148:
1141:rectus femoris
1102:
1095:biceps femoris
1091:semitendinosus
1071:gluteus medius
1056:
1043:; the part of
1033:gluteus medius
1022:
975:gluteus medius
889:Main article:
886:
883:
852:femoral artery
835:
832:
820:ligament, the
755:
754:
745:
744:
736:
735:
734:
733:
732:
726:
725:
716:
715:
707:
706:
705:
704:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
693:
667:Main article:
664:
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561:
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481:
478:
469:
468:
459:
458:
450:
449:
448:
447:
446:
399:axial skeleton
386:synovial joint
365:
362:
349:
346:
344:
341:
258:overlying the
252:muscle tendons
236:gluteal region
176:
175:
166:
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3668:
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3655:
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3650:
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3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:
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3631:
3621:
3618:
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3483:
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3478:
3475:
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3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
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3450:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
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3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3348:anterolateral
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:medial/tibial
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
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3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:head of femur
3211:
3208:
3207:ischiofemoral
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
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3149:
3144:
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3140:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
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3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
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3066:
3064:
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3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
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3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
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2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
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2899:
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2655:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2635:0-7506-8814-9
2631:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2610:on 2011-07-16
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2595:0-7506-4618-7
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2576:3-13-129271-7
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2557:90-5702-597-3
2553:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2536:0-7817-6339-8
2532:
2528:
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2521:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2500:
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2477:
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2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2437:
2431:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2326:(2006), p 386
2325:
2320:
2318:
2308:
2301:
2296:
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2286:
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2274:
2270:
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2250:
2246:
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2237:
2228:
2220:
2218:3-13-533305-1
2214:
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2206:
2199:
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2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2174:(2006), p 367
2173:
2168:
2166:
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2155:
2149:
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2117:
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2020:
2006:
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1993:
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1928:
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1762:
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1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1666:(2006), p 378
1665:
1660:
1654:(2006), p 365
1653:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1607:
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1582:
1574:
1568:
1562:(2006), p 381
1561:
1556:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Rump (animal)
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
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1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
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1355:
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1343:
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1337:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:hip dysplasia
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
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1198:
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1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
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1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
946:
945:triceps coxae
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:circumduction
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
892:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
831:
827:foveal artery
823:
819:
818:intracapsular
814:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:ischiofemoral
772:
768:
767:extracapsular
763:
749:
740:
720:
711:
694:
691:
687:
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591:
590:
585:
584:
578:
576:
572:
557:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
548:
547:cutoff values
543:
542:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
517:
515:
512:
508:
503:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
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463:
454:
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443:
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436:
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427:
423:
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415:
411:
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404:
400:
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391:
387:
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379:
370:
361:
359:
354:
340:
338:
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332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
190:
186:
183:
171:
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
90:
87:
85:
81:
76:
71:
64:
59:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3872:
3853:Longitudinal
3775:interosseous
3610:long plantar
3550:interosseous
3493:
3463:
3384:Tibiofibular
3307:
3274:
3252:Tibiofemoral
3192:
3184:
3075:
2859:Adam's apple
2643:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2608:the original
2604:"Hip Region"
2585:
2566:
2546:
2525:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2419:. Retrieved
2413:
2403:
2393:27 September
2391:. Retrieved
2382:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2307:
2299:
2280:
2261:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2204:
2171:
2143:
2119:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2087:. Elsevier.
2084:
2074:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2008:. Retrieved
2002:
1992:
1973:
1963:
1936:
1930:
1889:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1807:
1783:cite journal
1742:
1738:
1728:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1616:
1581:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1539:
1529:
1518:. Retrieved
1514:
1511:"hip region"
1505:
1492:was used by
1489:
1484:
1436:Bump (dance)
1426:Belly dancer
1333:
1318:
1306:
1282:
1271:
1243:hip fracture
1240:
1184:
1150:
1111:(140°): the
1108:
1104:
1063:retroversion
1062:
1058:
1028:
1024:
958:
954:
949:
897:femoral head
894:
868:
837:
834:Blood supply
817:
815:
811:femoral neck
804:
766:
764:
761:
683:
676:
672:
650:
622:
607:
603:
597:
593:
587:
581:
579:
574:
570:
568:
539:
535:
531:
529:
524:
520:
518:
506:
504:
499:
497:
484:
483:
475:
442:osteoporosis
439:
407:
375:
364:Articulation
355:
351:
335:
307:femoral head
294:
290:
286:
284:
256:soft tissues
223:
221:
200:
192:
188:
179:
129:A01.1.00.034
125:A01.2.08.005
100:
88:
3635:intertarsal
3292:collateral
3202:pubofemoral
3197:iliofemoral
2115:Radiopaedia
2004:Radiopaedia
1545:17 December
1515:MediLexicon
1278:airbag belt
1167:fascia lata
1113:hip flexors
1109:anteversion
987:psoas major
985:(including
939:assist the
871:anastomoses
771:iliofemoral
653:fascia lata
609:genu valgum
525:false angle
244:iliac crest
226:is located
78:Identifiers
3880:Categories
3858:Transverse
3831:collateral
3808:collateral
3343:transverse
3277:popliteal
3026:Fingernail
2614:2009-06-04
2569:. Thieme.
2517:References
2421:2022-01-06
2121:2018-03-01
2010:2018-03-01
1520:2018-08-02
1431:Body shape
1414:in adults.
1329:childbirth
1251:prosthesis
1232:intersect.
1175:piriformis
1083:piriformis
1011:piriformis
625:trabecular
599:genu varum
594:coxa valga
589:coxa valga
575:coxa norma
545:Suggested
514:radiograph
394:acetabulum
303:acetabulum
297:), is the
295:art. coxae
224:hip region
182:vertebrate
3536:posterior
3319:posterior
3310:cruciate
3177:human leg
3173:ligaments
2942:Genitalia
2485:2090-1941
2356:cite book
1702:0003-4967
1325:sexuality
1321:fertility
1217:pectineus
1185:Adduction
1151:Abduction
1145:sartorius
1125:pectineus
1117:iliopsoas
1059:Extension
1053:pectineus
1015:sartorius
983:iliopsoas
925:adduction
921:abduction
909:extension
700:Ligaments
606:leads to
604:coxa vara
583:coxa vara
505:Wiberg's
403:cartilage
378:hip joint
343:Structure
287:hip joint
18:Hip joint
3532:anterior
3494:lateral:
3314:anterior
3071:Buttocks
2991:Shoulder
2826:Mandible
2759:Forehead
2503:26885391
2469:: 1–15.
2415:CBS News
2387:Archived
2269:Archived
2253:29262200
2138:Page 942
2079:Page 217
2066:15958160
2038:Figure 2
1968:Page 309
1955:12931799
1918:Archived
1884:Page 131
1868:29399468
1775:19753150
1747:Figure 2
1720:15308525
1420:See also
1263:Hip pain
1213:gracilis
1137:gracilis
933:inferior
877:and the
875:cruciate
679:shoulder
319:standing
305:and the
280:hip bone
240:inferior
232:anterior
32:Buttocks
3826:plantar
3803:plantar
3765:plantar
3742:plantar
3698:plantar
3675:plantar
3652:plantar
3633:Distal
3541:lateral
3464:medial:
3336:lateral
3326:menisci
3286:arcuate
3281:oblique
3260:Capsule
3228:capsule
3193:femoral
3175:of the
3116:Toenail
3006:Forearm
2952:Scrotum
2898:Midriff
2888:Abdomen
2881:(Trunk)
2831:Occiput
2774:Eyebrow
2494:4738697
2442:June 5,
2057:1166563
1859:5794674
1766:2739474
1711:1755132
1309:puberty
1272:At the
1105:Flexion
1075:minimus
1065:(20°):
1037:minimus
1007:minimus
979:minimus
955:Lateral
905:Flexion
862:of the
787:ischium
663:Capsule
541:sourcil
418:ischium
327:running
323:walking
313:of the
272:ischium
262:of the
250:, with
242:to the
234:to the
228:lateral
185:anatomy
113:D006615
73:Details
3896:Joints
3845:Arches
3770:dorsal
3747:dorsal
3703:dorsal
3680:dorsal
3657:dorsal
3545:medial
3331:medial
3169:Joints
3051:Little
3041:Middle
3021:Finger
2996:Axilla
2937:Pelvis
2930:Nipple
2925:Breast
2920:Thorax
2864:Throat
2841:Temple
2804:Tongue
2784:Eyelid
2650:
2632:
2592:
2573:
2554:
2533:
2501:
2491:
2483:
2344:
2251:
2215:
2209:Thieme
2150:
2091:
2064:
2054:
1980:
1953:
1896:
1866:
1856:
1815:
1773:
1763:
1718:
1708:
1700:
1623:
1494:Celsus
1488:Latin
1313:femora
1311:. The
1245:is a
1223:; and
1177:; and
1135:, and
1081:; and
1025:Medial
1017:. The
1013:; and
1005:, and
1003:brevis
999:longus
873:, the
789:, and
777:, and
416:, and
348:Region
217:pelvis
187:, the
3726:Other
3101:Ankle
3081:Thigh
3036:Index
3031:Thumb
3011:Wrist
3001:Elbow
2974:Limbs
2957:Vulva
2947:Penis
2903:Navel
2893:Waist
2879:Torso
2836:Scalp
2809:Tooth
2794:Mouth
2764:Cheek
2036:(1).
1745:(3).
1477:Notes
1408:X-ray
1253:in a
1247:break
1191:with
791:pubis
783:ilium
414:pubis
410:ilium
315:torso
276:pubis
268:ilium
264:femur
213:joint
211:or a
203:) in
201:coxae
191:, or
168:[
157:24964
101:ισχίο
96:Greek
84:Latin
3447:Foot
3243:Knee
3171:and
3121:Sole
3106:Heel
3096:Foot
3091:Calf
3086:Knee
3046:Ring
3016:Hand
2964:Anus
2915:Back
2869:Nape
2851:Neck
2789:Nose
2769:Chin
2754:Face
2749:Hair
2741:Head
2733:Skin
2727:Body
2648:ISBN
2630:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2552:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2499:PMID
2481:ISSN
2467:2016
2444:2009
2395:2017
2362:link
2342:ISBN
2249:PMID
2213:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2140:in:
2089:ISBN
2081:in:
2062:PMID
1978:ISBN
1970:in:
1951:PMID
1894:ISBN
1886:in:
1864:PMID
1813:ISBN
1789:link
1771:PMID
1716:PMID
1698:ISSN
1621:ISBN
1547:2022
1490:coxa
1143:and
1073:and
1035:and
977:and
935:and
923:and
915:and
907:and
842:and
816:The
805:The
765:The
530:The
519:The
498:The
376:The
285:The
274:and
254:and
230:and
222:The
193:coxa
120:TA98
108:MeSH
89:coxa
3886:Hip
3185:Hip
3111:Toe
3076:Hip
3063:Leg
2983:Arm
2821:Jaw
2816:Ear
2799:Lip
2779:Eye
2489:PMC
2471:doi
2052:PMC
2042:doi
1941:doi
1854:PMC
1846:doi
1761:PMC
1751:doi
1706:PMC
1690:doi
1107:or
1061:or
1027:or
957:or
798:to
577:).
380:or
325:or
197:pl.
189:hip
180:In
152:FMA
145:158
141:316
136:TA2
44:Hip
3882::
2497:.
2487:.
2479:.
2465:.
2461:.
2412:.
2381:.
2370:^
2358:}}
2354:{{
2316:^
2292:^
2179:^
2162:^
2130:^
2112:.
2060:.
2050:.
2040:.
2032:.
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