315:
510:, the night before the Persian fleet reached Attica, Hippias dreamt that he had sexual relations with his own mother, a dream which encouraged him greatly, since he took it as an omen that he would regain possession of his native land and die old there. But when he set foot on Greek soil, one of his teeth, which was loose due to his advanced age, fell out on to the beach after Hippias fell into a coughing and sneezing fit when directing the troops. Although he searched frantically for the tooth, he was not able to retrieve it. He believed that this fulfilled the real meaning of his dream: he would only regain this bite of his native country for his lost tooth held his share. Many Athenians were persuaded to join the battle when reminded that defeat under the Persians would lead to the re-installment of Hippias as tyrant.
455:
463:
38:
486:
165:
545:
342:
Aristogeiton executed after torture while
Harmodius was killed on the spot. It was said that Hippias thereafter became a bitter and cruel ruler over the next four years contrary to his father who was seen as moderate in his exercise of power. Hippias began executing a large number of citizens, exiling others, and imposing harsh taxes. His cruelty soon created unrest among his subjects and the
451:. The Athenians discovered Hippias' intentions, however, and sent a letter to Sardis to dissuade the Persians from listening to Athenian exiles but the Persians threatened to attack Athens if they did not accept Hippias' return. Nevertheless, the Athenians preferred to remain democratic despite the danger from Persia and refused to comply.
426:
Athens would be dangerous to
Spartan power and that it would be weaker and easier to control if under a tyranny. The Spartans then attempted to recall Hippias from Persia and re-establish the tyranny. Hippias arrived, but was soon forced into exile once more when the Corinthians and the other Spartan
501:
was intent on punishing Athens for its role in the revolt. In 490 BC Hippias, still in the service of the
Persians, encouraged Darius to invade Greece and attack Athens; when Darius initiated the campaign, Hippias himself accompanied the Persian fleet and suggested Marathon as the place where the
341:
festival. Aristogeiton was resentful at the advances made by
Hipparchus toward Harmodius and with a small group of accomplices he had planned to kill both Hipparchus and his brother. When the plot failed and only Hipparchus was slain, the group was captured by Hippias' soldiers. The tyrant had
305:
by having intercourse with his daughter in an indecent way, Peisistratos held counsel with his sons. Hippias suggested that they should retake the tyranny, which his father agreed to. Preparations began for which Athens fell to
Peisistratos for the third time in 546 BC.
346:
clan, who had previously ruled in Athens, along with other exiles attempted to free Athens from
Hippias by force. As he began losing control, he sought military support from the Persians. He managed to form an alliance by marrying his daughter,
556:, which Peisistratus began in the sixth century BC, continued under Hippias' reign. Building was halted, however, amidst the political turmoil that followed Hippias' exile and the temple was not completed until the time of
406:. They also took the Pisistratidae children hostage and forced Hippias to leave Athens in order to have them returned safely. Power of the city was then handed over to the Athenian magistrates thus beginning the
314:
322:
Hippias succeeded
Peisistratos as tyrant of Athens in 528/7 BC when his father died of advanced age. He was a patron of poets and craftsmen and under his rule Athens experienced a time of prosperity.
382:, which Peisistratus had exiled in 546 BC, was concerned about Hippias forming alliances with the Persian ruling class, and began planning an invasion to depose him.
1189:
1100:
427:
allies expressed that they did not think a tyranny should be imposed upon any of the Greek cities. As
Hippias made his way back, he was offered the cities of
615:. In general, these Greek aristocrats were generously welcomed by the Achaemenid kings, received land grants to support them, and ruled in various cities of
1194:
925:"It was he who advised the landing at Marathon where the Athenian army won a decisive victory. He is said to have died at Lemnos on the journey home." in
533:, the daughter of Callias son of Hyperechides. One of these, Peisistratus, named after his grandfather, was one of the family members who held the
356:
1199:
640:
410:. The deposed tyrant was granted safe passage to Sigeion, from which he made the journey to Lampsakos and then to King Darius in
1026:
820:
791:
743:
454:
221:
1169:
1159:
1084:
668:
187:
553:
489:
Coinage of Athens at the time of
Hippias. Four-spoked wheel / Incuse square, divided diagonally. Circa 545-510 BC
326:
266:
126:
1164:
1154:
257:, ruling from 527 to 510 BC. He was one of the Peisistratids, a group of tyrants from the same family in
1050:
228:
989:
654:
364:
330:
1184:
1179:
1174:
569:
1068:
The
Cambridge Ancient History IV: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, c. 525–479 B.C.
215:
808:
537:
in Athens. All of his sons along with other Peisistratids joined the invading Persian army of
398:
to tell the Spartans that they should help liberate the Athenians. After a failed expedition,
1016:
761:
466:
439:. There he made his illegitimate son, Hegesistratus, tyrant of Sigeion. Hippias returned to
735:
8:
1058:
1046:
1095:
514:
498:
407:
194:
37:
462:
1080:
1022:
816:
787:
739:
664:
596:
403:
391:
338:
168:
1129:
1072:
1054:
485:
53:
1076:
728:
1204:
886:
A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, Mythology, and Geography
658:
704:
A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology and geography
1062:
927:
258:
544:
164:
1148:
494:
270:
1066:
1122:
600:
402:
of Sparta successfully invaded Athens in 510 BC and trapped Hippias on the
375:
343:
76:
1018:
Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity
541:
in 480 BC. Never again would the Peisistratids have influence in Athens.
506:
should begin as it was the most suitable for their cavalry. According to
444:
436:
399:
383:
334:
294:
278:
262:
148:
435:
but he refused them and made for Sigeion instead at the entrance to the
363:. This relationship with Hippoklos helped facilitate Hippias' access to
758:
616:
612:
534:
474:
269:
may have ruled jointly with him. Hippias also had an illegitimate son,
635:
604:
573:
565:
507:
423:
360:
352:
348:
235:
137:
595:
Hippias was one of several Greek aristocrats who took refuge in the
297:, the first tyrant of Athens. When his father was forced to flee to
608:
589:
577:
538:
530:
428:
318:
Death of the tyrant Hipparchus, by the Syriskos Painter, 475-470 BC
302:
576:
added to the structure. A temple was further dedicated to the god
585:
581:
580:
just to the south. There were other building projects known from
557:
298:
274:
518:
503:
448:
432:
395:
387:
379:
282:
254:
250:
116:
100:
49:
1071:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–302.
285:
successfully invaded Athens and forced him to flee to Persia.
561:
513:
Hippias is said to have died on the return journey from the
417:
1002:"Hippias." Livius, www.livius.org/articles/person/hippias/.
440:
411:
368:
233:
560:
in 125 AD. Along with Zeus's temple, the west side of the
265:, who preceded him as ruler of Athens, while his brother
329:, who may have ruled jointly with him, was murdered by
1101:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
564:
was remodeled. Hippias also took some interest in the
599:
following reversals at home, other famous ones being
293:
Hippias was born around 570 BC as the eldest son of
861:
859:
784:The History of Democracy: A Marxist Interpretation
727:
936:
1190:Ancient Greek emigrants to the Achaemenid Empire
1146:
856:
1049:(1988). "The tyranny of the Pisistratidae". In
781:
725:
422:The Spartans later concluded that a free and
806:
390:in 525/4 BC before being exiled, bribed the
249: – 490 BC) was the last
1195:Military personnel of the Achaemenid Empire
443:, where he railed against the Athenians to
1021:. Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
36:
660:Athenian Propertied Families 600–300 B.C.
418:Attempts to reclaim the tyranny and death
543:
484:
461:
453:
313:
1112:), volume 8, part 2, columns 1703–1705.
813:Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World
1147:
1014:
1010:
1008:
730:The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History
663:Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 446.
497:began. It was put down in 494 BC, but
883:
701:
386:, an Alcmaeonidian who had served as
960:
815:. Infobase Publishing. p. 157.
734:. Harvard University Press. p.
1005:
309:
16:Tyrant of Athens from 527 to 510 BC
13:
1093:
1039:
807:Sacks, David; et al. (2009).
653:
14:
1216:
1045:
1200:People of the Greco-Persian Wars
888:. New York: Harper. p. 671.
706:. New York: Harper. p. 671.
188:First Persian invasion of Greece
163:
996:
982:
969:
965:. London: Penguin. p. 173.
954:
945:
919:
910:
901:
892:
877:
868:
847:
838:
829:
800:
786:. Pluto Press. pp. 21–22.
775:
766:
752:
719:
710:
695:
686:
677:
647:
629:
1:
1077:10.1017/CHOL9780521228046.011
990:"Athens Olympian Zeus Temple"
963:The Pelican History of Greece
622:
288:
243:
111:
95:
1015:Miller, Margaret C. (2004).
234:
7:
548:The Temple of Olympian Zeus
10:
1221:
932:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
414:where he stayed at court.
331:Harmodius and Aristogeiton
220:
219:
1127:
1119:
929:Hippias, tyrant of Athens
641:The Athenian Constitution
529:Hippias had five sons by
524:
481:Square incuse. 545–525 BC
273:, whom he made tyrant of
205:
182:
174:
159:
154:
144:
133:
122:
106:
91:
86:
82:
70:
59:
48:
44:
35:
29:
28:
21:
1170:5th-century BC Athenians
1160:6th-century BC Athenians
1094:Miller, Julius (1913), "
782:Roper, Brian S. (2013).
726:Fine, John V.A. (1983).
572:was also renovated with
469:at the time of Hippias.
702:Smith, William (1851).
570:temple of Athena Polias
554:temple of Olympian Zeus
337:) in 514 BC during the
884:Smith, Willam (1851).
549:
490:
482:
459:
319:
277:. He was deposed when
1165:5th-century BC deaths
1155:6th-century BC births
547:
493:Soon after this, the
488:
465:
458:The plain of Marathon
457:
317:
175:Years of service
979:, Book V, chapter 11
961:Burn, A. R. (1988).
552:Construction of the
502:Persian invasion of
907:Herodotus 6.107.3-4
898:Herodotus 6.107.1-2
874:Herodotus 5.96.1-2
683:Herodotus 1.61.1-3
550:
515:Battle of Marathon
499:Darius I of Persia
491:
483:
460:
447:, the governor of
408:Athenian democracy
320:
195:Battle of Marathon
1143:
1142:
1028:978-0-521-60758-2
951:Thucydides 6.54.6
942:Thucydides 6.55.1
916:Herodotus 6.109.3
835:Thucydides 6.59.4
822:978-1-4381-1020-2
793:978-1-84964-713-7
745:978-0-674-03314-6
692:Thucydides 6.57.4
597:Achaemenid Empire
467:Coinage of Athens
392:Pythian priestess
261:. His father was
232:
209:
208:
169:Achaemenid Empire
1212:
1185:Athenian tyrants
1130:Tyrant of Athens
1120:Preceded by
1117:
1116:
1113:
1090:
1033:
1032:
1012:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
980:
973:
967:
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958:
952:
949:
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940:
934:
933:
923:
917:
914:
908:
905:
899:
896:
890:
889:
881:
875:
872:
866:
865:Herodotus 5.94.1
863:
854:
853:Herodotus 5.93.2
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
826:
804:
798:
797:
779:
773:
770:
764:
756:
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749:
733:
723:
717:
716:Herodotus 5.62.2
714:
708:
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699:
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684:
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651:
645:
633:
359:, the tyrant of
310:Tyrant of Athens
301:after insulting
248:
245:
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227:
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167:
155:Military service
113:
97:
87:Personal details
73:
64:
40:
19:
18:
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1219:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
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1180:Archaic tyrants
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1144:
1133:
1125:
1087:
1042:
1040:Further reading
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1218:
1208:
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1175:Archaic Athens
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1167:
1162:
1157:
1141:
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1085:
1055:N.G.L. Hammond
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772:Herodotus 5.63
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259:Ancient Greece
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1086:0-521-22804-2
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1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:John Boardman
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978:
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670:0-19-814273-0
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495:Ionian Revolt
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286:
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280:
276:
272:
271:Hegesistratus
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247: 570 BC
240:
238:
230:
223:
217:
216:Ancient Greek
213:
204:
196:
193:
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166:
162:
158:
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150:
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125:
121:
118:
110:490 BC (aged
109:
105:
102:
94:
90:
85:
81:
78:
75:
69:
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
20:
1137:
1128:
1123:Peisistratus
1109:
1105:
1099:
1067:
1017:
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956:
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754:
729:
721:
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688:
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659:
655:Davies, J.K.
649:
639:
631:
601:Themistocles
594:
551:
528:
512:
492:
478:
470:
421:
376:Alcmaeonidae
373:
335:tyrannicides
325:His brother
324:
321:
292:
236:
211:
210:
183:Battles/wars
140:and 4 others
77:Peisistratus
66:527 – 510 BC
61:
1134:527–510 BC
1047:Lewis, D.M.
975:Aristotle,
473:An archaic
445:Artaphrenes
400:Cleomenes I
384:Cleisthenes
339:Panathenaic
295:Pisistratus
279:Cleomenes I
263:Pisistratus
149:Pisistratus
72:Preceded by
1149:Categories
1063:M. Ostwald
1059:D.M. Lewis
759:Thucydides
623:References
617:Asia Minor
613:Alcibiades
535:archonship
475:Gorgoneion
437:Hellespont
424:democratic
378:family of
327:Hipparchus
289:Early life
267:Hipparchus
160:Allegiance
127:Hipparchus
1096:Hippias 1
809:"Hippias"
644:, Part 18
636:Aristotle
605:Demaratos
592:as well.
574:propylaea
566:Acropolis
508:Herodotus
429:Anthemous
404:Acropolis
367:court at
361:Lampsakos
357:Hippoklos
355:, son of
353:Aiantides
349:Archedice
344:Alkmeonid
229:romanized
138:Archedice
129:(brother)
123:Relations
62:In office
1065:(eds.).
977:Politics
844:5.91.1-2
657:(1971).
609:Gongylos
590:Thorikos
578:Dionysus
531:Myrrhine
303:Megakles
134:Children
586:Piraeus
582:Eleusis
558:Hadrian
365:Darius'
299:Eretria
275:Sigeion
237:Hippías
231::
212:Hippias
23:Hippias
1205:Iolcus
1083:
1061:&
1025:
819:
790:
762:6.59.3
742:
667:
611:, and
588:, and
568:. The
539:Xerxes
525:Legacy
519:Lemnos
504:Attica
449:Sardis
433:Iolkos
412:Persia
396:Delphi
388:archon
380:Athens
283:Sparta
255:Athens
251:tyrant
222:Ἱππίας
178:490 BC
145:Parent
117:Lemnos
101:Athens
98:570 BC
54:Athens
50:Tyrant
30:Ἱππίας
1138:None
562:agora
517:, at
351:, to
333:(the
1081:ISBN
1023:ISBN
817:ISBN
788:ISBN
740:ISBN
665:ISBN
479:Rev:
471:Obv:
441:Asia
431:and
374:The
369:Susa
107:Died
92:Born
1098:",
1073:doi
736:226
394:of
281:of
253:of
114:80)
52:of
1151::
1110:PW
1108:,
1106:RE
1079:.
1057:;
1053:;
1007:^
858:^
811:.
738:.
638:,
619:.
607:,
603:,
584:,
521:.
477:.
371:.
244:c.
242:;
226:,
218::
112:c.
96:c.
1104:(
1089:.
1075::
1031:.
992:.
825:.
796:.
748:.
673:.
214:(
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