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1240:(PPM) began to have negative effects on the role of radio DJs beginning in the late 1990s, prompting one radio program manager to comment, "There was a time when the “top 40” format was ruled by legends such as Casey Kasem, or Wolfman Jack, and others who were known for both playing the hits and talking to you. Now with PPMs, it is all about the music, commercials and the format." Such format changes as well as the rise of new music distribution models such as
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were occasional segments for service people stationed in other places such as Cyprus Malta and
Singapore. Metcalfe was the main presenter from London until 1964. The program continued but became a program for British families spread across the rest of the world who were not connected with the armed services. During those years there were regular segments from Canada and Australia as well as Britain and other countries. The program itself was axed in 1980.
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From 7 October 1945 a presenter from London introduced requests from servicemen's families in
Britain and after each record a presenter based in Germany would play a record requested by a British serviceman stationed in Germany. Metcalfe later became the regular presenter from London. Later on there
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initially featured one of a series of guest DJs for each broadcast who would introduce and play popular recordings of the day; some were civilian celebrities, while others were servicemen. In May 1943, however, the format settled on a single regular host DJ, Martha
Wilkerson, who was known on the air
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in the early 1950s. Richbourg's practice of imitating
African-American street dialect of the mid-twentieth century was so successful, that WLAC programmed an entire cohort of white DJ's that spoke like blacks did while playing music that was popular in the black community. It was not common knowledge
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in
Cleveland in 1974. After Halper played a track called “Working Man” on the air, listeners began requesting more Rush songs, prompting other radio stations to add Rush songs to their playlists. Acknowledging her role in their success, the band dedicated its first two albums to her. Halper appeared
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The postwar period coincided with the rise of the radio disc jockey as a celebrity separate from the radio station, also known as a "radio personality". In the days before station-controlled playlists, the DJ often followed their personal tastes in music selection. DJs also played a role in exposing
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also clearly favored live music, providing accelerated license approval to stations promising not to use any recordings for their first three years on the air. Many noted recording artists tried to keep their recorded works off the air by having their records labeled as not being legal for airplay.
1008:, playing recordings that were targeted to the black youth and reflected jukebox selections that were popular. Most major U.S. cities operated a full-time rhythm and blues radio station, and as African Americans traveled the country they would spread the word of their favorite radio personalities.
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After the initial investigation, radio DJs were stripped of the authority to make programming decisions, and payola became a misdemeanor offense. Programming decisions became the responsibility of station program directors. As a result, the process of persuading stations to play certain songs was
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in the late 1960s. Responding to an ad for female disc jockeys, Steele auditioned with 800 other women and was chosen with three others to launch an "all woman" format. When WNEW abandoned this format in 1967 after an 18‐month trial, Steele was the only one asked to stay on. As a late night show
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Radio DJs often acted as commercial brokers for their program and actively solicited paying sponsors. They could also negotiate which sponsors would appear on their program. Many wrote and delivered the commercials themselves, talking the place of advertising agencies who formerly executed these
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In 1917 Captain Horace
Donisthorpe, who was training radio operators for the British Army near Worcester, England, made unofficial broadcasts as engineer from a field. At first his wife Gertrude spoke into the microphone to Captain Donisthorpe alone, but later she broadcast to army camps nearby
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formed the
National Jazz, Rhythm and Blues Disc Jockey Association. The group's name was later changed to the National Association of Radio and Television Announcers. In 1960, radio station managers formed the Negro Radio Association to foster and develop programming and talent in the radio
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Block was notable for his considerable influence on a records popularity. Block's program on station WNEW was highly successful, and Block was described as "the make-all, break-all of records. If he played something, it was a hit". Block later negotiated a multimillion-dollar contract with
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One of the presenters was Jean
Metcalfe. All the presenters were women as it was thought that high voices carried better on the short wave frequencies the GFP used. From 1 August 1945 the program was taken over as a joint production by BBC and British Forces Network and renamed
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pioneered an innovative, American-influenced style of presentation, often programming their personal music choices rather than adhere to a strict playlist, thereby winning large audiences hungry for youth-oriented sounds and the latest musical trends. When the
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that WLAC DJs were white until the mid-1960s. By then, the rebellious youth market made the nightly rhythm and blues station the one they tuned to for rock and roll, as atmospherics carried the signal enabling the station to be heard throughout much of the
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In addition to the DJ introducing and playing popular records, local bands and solo recording artists sometimes performed live at these events. Record hops were often sponsored by radio stations as a way to promote their disc jockeys, or by
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With exceptions such as
Halloween Martin's work in 1929 at WBBM in Chicago, the radio DJ profession in the U.S. was historically male-dominated. However beginning in the Top 40 era, female disc jockeys became more common. Judy Dibble on
274:(AFM) affected radio DJs during World War II. ASCAP and AFM cited the decline in demand for live appearances of musical artists due to the proliferation of radio disc jockeys playing recorded music. The disputes were settled in 1944.
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In the early radio age, broadcasters used "live" orchestras as well as prerecorded sound. Content typically included comedy, drama, news, music, and sports reporting. Most radio stations had an orchestra or band on the payroll. The
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on radio in the early 1950s. Freed also made a practice of presenting music by
African-American artists rather than cover versions by white artists on his radio program. Freed's career ended when it was shown that he had accepted
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published "... Gilbert is a disc jockey, who sings with his records." By the end of World War II, disc jockeys had established a reputation, as "hitmakers", someone whose influence "could start an artist's career overnight".
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located in Mexico and became an influential DJ who advocated for African American music on his long running rock and roll radio show. Many people thought Smith was a black DJ until he appeared as himself in the 1973 film
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on WGES, who was the first popular disc jockey to play urban blues and use "black street slang" in his broadcasts. Jesse "Spider" Burke hosted a popular show on KXLW in Saint Louis, Missouri. James Early was featured on
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experience for radio listeners. The term combined "disc", referring to phonograph disc records, and "jockey", denoting the DJs practice of riding the audio gain, or alternately, riding a song to success and popularity.
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to promote the sale of records. They were also sponsored by school or church organizations who considered them "wholesome recreation" for teenagers. Admission was either free, or a small admission fee was charged.
344:. Kaufman took over the station's 7-11PM time period for several years. His show was known for its frenetic pace that incorporated segues, jingles, sound effects, and antics. After being invited by Beatles manager
980:. Jackson moved to New York City in 1954, and was the first radio personality to broadcast three daily shows on three different New York stations. In 1990, Jackson was the first minority inducted into the
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in 1909. Elman B. Meyers started broadcasting a daily program in New York City in 1911 consisting mostly of recorded music. In 1914, his wife Sybil True broadcast records borrowed from a local music store.
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and other Communist countries. Conover reportedly had "millions of devoted followers in Eastern Europe alone; his worldwide audience in his heyday has been estimated at up to 30 million people".
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hours each week on Chicago's WCAP and is credited with being one of the first black radio announcers to broadcast gramophone records, including gospel music and jazz, using his own phonograph.
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simplified. Instead of reaching numerous DJs, record labels only had to connect with one station program director. Labels turned to independent promoters to circumvent allegations of payola.
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host, Steele created an on-air persona, calling herself "The Nightbird". Her popularity grew, drawing an average nightly audience of 78,000. In 1976, Steele was the first woman chosen by
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in Chicago, as early as 1929, hosting a morning program she called the "Musical Clock." She played up-beat songs, gave the time and temperature, and read the latest weather. Martin's
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personalized his own style of record hops called "Randle Romps" which he used to gauge the reactions of teenagers to new records he wished to promote while on the air. Cleveland DJ
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also testified before the committee, but survived, partially due to the fact that he had previously divested himself of ownership interest in all of his music-industry holdings.
143:, the first disc records to be offered to the public. The earliest broadcasts of recorded music were made by radio engineers and experimenters. On Christmas Eve 1906, American
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In the 1950s, radio disc jockeys from local and regional radio stations took advantage of their popularity and augmented their income by playing records and performing as
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is credited with breaking down racial barriers by playing and promoting African American music at record hops in the early 1950s and 60s. In 1957 alone, disc jockey and
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in Los Angeles are examples of notable radio personalities whose morning drive format included playing songs as well as sharing stories and taking listener phone calls.
234:, Block played records and created the illusion that he was broadcasting from a ballroom, with the nation's top dance bands performing live. The show, which he called
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Cleveland Rock and Roll Memories: True and Tall Tales of the Glory Days, Told by Musicians, DJs, Promoters, and Fans Who Made the Scene in the '60s, '70s, and '80s
57:", "DJ", "deejay", or "jock" was exclusively used to describe on-air personalities who played selections of popular recorded music on radio broadcasting stations.
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or "morning drive" shows capitalized on a listening audience of weekday commuters and parents getting children ready for school. Morning DJs such as New York's
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from his laboratory in the Parker Building in New York City, claiming "Of course, there weren't many receivers in those days, but I was the first disc jockey".
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format or adopted more profitable programming such as news and call-in talk shows, the impact of the radio DJ on popular music was lessened. The emergence of
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hosted a progressive rock show on BBC Radio 1 in 1969. In 1998, Zoe Ball began hosting the BBC's key breakfast show slot, followed by Sarah Cox in 2000.
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radio DJs emerged in the mid 1930s and late 1940s, mostly in cities with large black populations such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit.
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in which the song is presented by a DJ as being part of the normal day's broadcast became known in the music industry as "payola". The first major
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It took a Federal court ruling in 1940 to establish that a recording artist had no legal right to control the use of a record after it was sold.
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payola investigation occurred in 1959. Nationally renowned DJ Alan Freed, who was uncooperative in committee hearings, was fired as a result. DJ
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playing gramophone records. In 1967, she spoke about these experiments in a BBC radio programme called "Scrapbook for 1917". The first official
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broadcast both live and recorded music from Brant Rock, Massachusetts. In 1907, American inventor Lee de Forest broadcast a recording of the
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A number of actors and media personalities began their careers as traditional radio disc jockeys who played and introduced records, such as
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Especially during the 1950s, the sales success of any record depended to a large extent on its airplay by popular radio disc jockeys. The
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show. African American radio DJs found it necessary to organize in order to gain opportunities in the radio industry, and in the 1950s
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Alan Freed is commonly referred to as the "father of rock and roll" due to his promotion of the music and his introduction of the term
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era, because of their ability to introduce new music to the radio audience and promote or control which songs would be given airplay.
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led to the demise of radio DJs reputation as trendsetters and "hit makers" who wielded considerable influence over popular music.
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in response to popular demand for new music not provided by the more traditional BBC radio stations. The pirate stations included
1152:. She promoted herself as the "Morning Beyotch" and "The Antidote to Howard Stern" on her show on San Francisco radio stations
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while voicing announcements, introductions, comments, jokes, and commercials in between each song or short series of songs.
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The practice of dancing to recorded music at record hops hosted by radio DJs in the 1950s influenced the emergence of the
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acting as radio DJs introducing music and providing continuity and commentary, and later with radio personalities such as
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to be regularly playing records on a small transmitter while a student at Herrold College of Engineering and Wireless in
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From the late 50s to the late 1980s when the Top 40 music radio format was popular, audience measuring tools such as
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virtually ended pirate radio in 1967, many offshore pirate radio DJs moved to the relatively progressive land-based
1683:, 27 September 1965. Secret listed as: "'I was the world's first radio disc jockey' (in 1909)." Rebroadcast on the
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Radio disc jockey programs were often syndicated, at first with hourly musical programs with entertainers such as
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to let him broadcast a program consisting of American and American-influenced jazz records interspersed with his
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During the 1950s, 60s and 70s, radio DJs exerted considerable influence on popular music, especially during the
2405:"Throughout the 1950s and 60s WPOP disc jockeys were all over Central Connecticut emceeing various record hops"
1621:"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life The History of the Disc Jockey By BILL BREWSTER and FRANK BROUGHTON Grove Press"
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in Minneapolis started as "sidekick" to a male DJ in the mid 1960s and later went on to host her own DJ show.
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where he coined the phrase "dusty records" or "dusties." He spent several years as one of the original DJs at
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radio broadcasts aimed at Allied troops also adopted the disc jockey format, featuring personalities such as
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622:, and dancers were asked to remove their hard-soled shoes to protect the varnished floor of the gymnasium.
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who mixes transitions between songs to create a continuous flow of music, radio DJs played individual
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637:, described the scene, "where the jockey is the smoothest, and the music is the coolest at the hop".
441:, a practice that was highly controversial at the time, resulting in his being fired from his job at
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1081:, returning to WNEW in 1984. In later years, she was known as "The Grand Dame of New York Night".
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as "FM Personality of the Year", and she was instrumental in promoting performers such as the
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Barlow, William (1999) Voice Over: The Making of Black Radio- Philadelphia:Temple Univ press
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who would later specialize in mixing a continuous flow of recorded music for live audiences.
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67:, although the origin of the term is generally attributed to American radio news commentator
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was a notable Armed Forces Radio disc jockey whose experiences later inspired the 1987 film
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which was established that same year as a response to the public's changing musical tastes.
230:, the first announcer to become a star. While his audience was awaiting developments in the
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Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: VolumeII: Performance and Production
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From 1941 a record program was broadcast by the British "General Forces Programme" called
8:
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Christopher H. Sterling; Michael C. Keith; Communications Museum of Broadcast (2004).
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formats saw the DJs role change from music host to cultural provocateur and comedian.
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radio, from approximately 1955 to 1975, radio DJs established a style of fast talking
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in Boston. Sartori has been credited with influencing the success of artists such as
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140:
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Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8: Genres: North America
888:
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The earliest printed use of the term "disc jockey" appeared on August 13, 1941 when
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were used. However a combination of financial pressures and new technology such as
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or other inducement by record companies for the radio broadcast of recordings on
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covers the time when gramophone records were first transmitted by experimental
2972:
Hal Jackson, 96, New York Broadcaster Who Broke Racial Barriers in Radio, Dies
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Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution That Shaped a Generation
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2700:
2020:
1943:
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DJ Karen Begin (aka Darian O'Toole) is credited with being the first female
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who played popular American recorded songs interspersed with propaganda.
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326:
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226:, which is an operator of a machine) as a description of radio announcer
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The Seventh Stream: The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music
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The Mindset List of the Obscure: 74 Famously Forgotten Icons from A to Z
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Richard Sisson; Christian K. Zacher; Andrew Robert Lee Cayton (2007).
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in Seattle and was subsequently hired in 1970 as an afternoon DJ for
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One of the first woman disc jockeys was Halloween Martin. She was on
31:
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plays himself in a dramatized treatment of his career as a radio DJ.
3315:"Quincy Woman Still Promoting Rush 34 Years After Discovering Band"
3070:
Invisible Stars: A Social History of Women in American Broadcasting
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861:
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516:
1300:" - Wolfman Jack (Bob Smith) appeared as himself in the 1973 film.
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in Clarkesdale, Mississippi. Ramon Bruce became a prominent DJ at
60:
The term "disc jockey" first appeared in print in a 1941 issue of
1324:
plays fictional radio DJ Dave Garver who is menaced by a stalker.
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610:. The term came about because these events were commonly held at
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Bob Smith (aka Wolfman Jack) began his career as an announcer on
452:
372:
3352:"Rush gets a star in Hollywood with an assist from Quincy woman"
2514:
Coming Of Age In Buffalo: Youth and Authority in the Postwar Era
2379:
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
1915:"Keep Your Big Mouth Shut ..Disc Jockeys Learn To Toil And Spin"
1760:"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life - The History of the Disc Jockey"
925:
began his career in 1944 playing classical records on Chicago's
876:
and other "prohibited" American music aimed at listeners in the
154:
Ray Newby, of Stockton, California claimed on a 1965 episode of
2324:
History of the Mass Media in the United States: An Encyclopedia
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1005:
587:
438:
185:
90:
86:
54:
53:
For a number of decades beginning in the 1930s, the term "disc
325:
was the first New York City radio personality to play the new
3365:"Legendary DJ Donna Halper was first to spin Rush in America"
1163:"Less than a handful" of women were employed as radio DJs in
977:
127:
broadcasting Columbia phonograph records on New York station
98:
75:'s practice of introducing phonograph recordings to create a
2756:. J387:Communication History document. University of Oregon.
2701:"The Pirate Radio Hall of Fame: UK Offshore Radio 1964-1968"
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As radio stations moved from the AM Top 40 format to the FM
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Maxanne Sartori was the first female progressive rock DJ on
2225:
Media Literacy: Thinking Critically about Music & Media
1131:
1115:, RKO radio group in New York hired Paulie Riccio in 1974.
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to travel with the band, he came to be referred to as the "
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What's the story on the radio payola scandal of the 1950s?
1973:
Rock eras: interpretations of music and society, 1954-1984
1650:"Television/Radio; When AM Ruled Music, and WABC Was King"
892:
Plaque commemorating radio DJ Nat D. Williams in downtown
340:
in New York City in the mid 1960s was Murray Kaufman, aka
3466:
Radio in the Movies: A History and Filmography, 1926-2010
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The Hits Just Keep on Coming: The History of Top 40 Radio
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615:
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Points on the Dial: Golden Age Radio beyond the Networks
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3334:"Women see 'underlying theme' in Rush documentary film"
3241:
3003:
2923:
The Cool Gent: The Nine Lives of Radio Legend Herb Kent
2645:
2347:
2734:
The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series
2714:
The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series
1419:
The Radio Station: Broadcast, Satellite & Internet
1308:- Based on radio DJs of the real-life offshore pirate
268:
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
50:
who host shows featuring a variety of recorded music.
2863:
Adrian Cronauer: Air Force Radio Announcer in Vietnam
2767:"History of the BBC: Family Favourites 1 August 1945"
2320:
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in Philadelphia. Some of these radio pioneers of the
960:
was the first African American radio sportscaster at
945:, a "heritage" station to Chicago's black community.
93:
to bookend three minute pop songs. Unlike the modern
3395:
2460:
Sh-Boom!: The Explosion of Rock 'n' Roll (1953-1968)
1563:"Radio Patter From the Past: Vintage D.J.'s Rock On"
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rock and roll artists to large, national audiences.
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1050:became a regular member of the DJ staff in 1963 at
685:by promoting their appearances at his record hops.
3095:Broadcast pioneer Marjorie Anthony Linden dies, 77
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2376:
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2041:The American Midwest: an interpretive encyclopedia
1970:
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982:National Association of Broadcaster's Hall of Fame
625:Record hops became strongly associated with early
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2490:. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. pp. 22–.
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1938:
1936:
1806:Radio Cultures: The Sound Medium in American Life
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1266:plays fictional small town radio DJ Stevie Wayne.
669:made 157 appearances at dances and record hops.
3533:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1909
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3194:. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 245–.
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218:used the term "disc jockey" (the combination of
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2625:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 147–.
2571:. Gray & Company, Publishers. pp. 6–.
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2423:
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2135:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America
1516:. Random House Publishing Group; 2 April 2009.
317:to radio audiences in the northeastern U.S. At
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1933:
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1399:Archives of African American Music and Culture
1014:was the first African American disc jockey on
781:Willis Conover on the Voice of America in 1969
3062:
3060:
2959:New York black radio-pioneer Hal Jackson dies
2877:"The DJ Who Shook the Soviet Union With Jazz"
2672:
2314:
2221:
2194:
2170:How sweet the sound: the golden age of gospel
2009:. New Orleans: 498 Publications. p. 139.
1757:
1533:
3218:Radio Free Boston: The Rise and Fall of WBCN
3187:
3066:
2994:
2835:
2666:
2585:
2544:. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 155–.
2504:
2483:
2341:
1798:
1796:
1643:
1641:
1439:
677:is credited with influencing the success of
3390:Darian O'Toole, S.F. disc jockey dies at 40
3245:Biographical Encyclopedia of American Radio
3214:
3167:Biographical Encyclopedia of American Radio
2564:
2477:
2351:Biographical Encyclopedia of American Radio
2242:
2044:. Indiana University Press. pp. 636–.
1527:
1477:. Boy Scouts of America, Inc. pp. 27–.
1126:is credited with discovering the rock band
586:who hosted the first nationally syndicated
3456:
3296:Wagner, Vit (2002-05-11). "What A Rush!".
3268:
3138:"In the World of Radio, She's a Rare Bird"
3057:
3024:
2898:
2829:
2646:John Shepherd; David Horn (8 March 2012).
2430:Ron Nief; Tom McBride (2 September 2014).
2321:Margaret A. Blanchard (19 December 2013).
2215:
2188:
2138:. Oxford University Press. pp. 152–.
1614:
1612:
1610:
1560:
1422:. Taylor & Francis; 13 December 2006.
929:, then an FM broadcasting service for the
359:radio disc jockeys of the period included
19:For the history of club disc jockeys, see
3262:
2905:"Chicago's Radio Voice, Jack Cooper", at
2746:
2558:
2531:
2517:. Temple University Press. pp. 39–.
2463:. Morgan James Publishing. pp. 16–.
2456:
2374:
2265:
2159:
1890:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1793:
1647:
1638:
1504:
872:from 1955 through the mid-1990s featured
3430:"Dick Clark survives the Payola Scandal"
3402:Christopher H. Sterling (1 March 2004).
3235:
3208:
3181:
3004:Christopher H. Sterling (1 March 2004).
2790:
2450:
2278:. Duke University Press. pp. 165–.
1589:"Club Features New Breed of Disc Jockey"
1433:
1410:
1119:in New York hired DJ Liz Kiley in 1979.
947:
887:
776:
703:
478:
412:
281:
246:for a syndicated nationwide radio show.
201:
119:
71:who used it to describe radio presenter
25:
3242:Christopher H. Sterling (13 May 2013).
3130:
2842:, Urgent Communications, archived from
2348:Christopher H. Sterling (13 May 2013).
2078:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 375–.
1867:
1607:
1467:Harris, Arthur S. Jr. (November 1961).
1460:
716:stations proliferated off the coast of
199:format was uncommon in the late 1920s.
3515:
3446:Cartwright, Robin (August 31, 2004). "
3312:
3295:
2926:. Chicago Review Press. pp. 80–.
2875:Freund, Charles Paul (9 August 2015).
2874:
2868:
2511:William Graebner (25 September 2010).
2004:
1968:
1962:
1834:
1823:
1785:"Meet DePaul Legend Halloween Martin."
1753:
1751:
1749:
1667:
1580:
1466:
1336:plays real-life Armed Forces Radio DJ
3483:
3035:Voice Over: The Making of Black Radio
2793:"TCW defending freedom: the Lost BBC"
1368:plays fictional radio DJ Grant Mazzy.
1034:
763:Marine Broadcasting Offences Act 1967
222:, referring to the disc records, and
3356:
3275:. SAGE Publications. pp. 531–.
3104:
3039:. Temple University Press. pp.
2791:Ashworth, Margaret (3 August 2022).
2679:. SAGE Publications. pp. 146–.
2487:Connecticut Rock 'n' Roll: A History
2397:
2300:Lessons Learned from Popular Culture
2201:. Psychology Press. pp. 1096–.
2132:Glenn C. Altschuler (16 July 2003).
2013:
1725:"Pause For Thought. Fri 26 Mar 2021"
1648:Battaglio, Stephen (10 March 2002).
1618:
1446:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 2–.
772:
214:In 1935, American radio commentator
3191:FM: The Rise and Fall of Rock Radio
2920:Herb Kent; David Smallwood (2009).
2799:from the original on 3 August 2022.
2272:Alexander Russo (20 January 2010).
2107:"Big Day Belongs To The Local Hero"
1746:
1717:
1595:. Milwaukee Sentinel, June 29, 1984
1586:
1554:
987:Other prominent black DJs included
933:. During the 1950s, Kent worked at
699:
461:African-American Vernacular English
277:
139:began commercial production of his
85:Culminating in the "golden age" of
13:
3405:Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set
3007:Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set
2759:
2228:. Walch Publishing. pp. 28–.
1758:Brewster, Bill; Broughton, Frank.
313:was one of the first to introduce
14:
3569:
3489:
3188:Richard Neer (18 December 2001).
3067:Donna Halper (11 February 2015).
2592:Ralph G. Giordano (5 June 2017).
2538:Philip H. Ennis (December 1992).
2251:Rock 'n' Roll Dances of the 1950s
1944:"Disc jockey - Radio personality"
1870:"NBC's Radio City, San Francisco"
1208:
1174:
1107:was the first female DJ hired by
1073:. She worked as an announcer for
260:Federal Communications Commission
115:
3463:Laurence Etling (19 July 2011).
3362:
2839:The real life of Adrian Cronauer
2652:. A&C Black. pp. 180–.
2595:Pop Goes the Decade: The Fifties
1561:Weingarten, Markk (9 May 2002).
1540:. A&C Black. pp. 187–.
496:. Smith hosted TV shows such as
272:American Federation of Musicians
3440:
3422:
3382:
3345:
3327:
3306:
3289:
3272:Encyclopedia of Gender in Media
3087:
2977:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2856:
2803:
2784:
2707:
2368:
2254:. ABC-CLIO; 12 September 2011.
2099:
1998:
1907:
1884:
1861:
1777:
1690:
1130:while working as a radio DJ at
789:, disc jockey programs such as
708:Radio Caroline DJ Emperor Rosko
3492:"The State of the Disc Jockey"
2836:Jim Barthold (March 1, 2005),
2673:Hugh Chignell (5 March 2009).
2484:Tony Renzoni (7 August 2017).
2436:. Sourcebooks. pp. 199–.
2222:Peyton Paxson (January 2003).
2027:. National Radio Hall Of Fame.
1440:Shelly Field (21 April 2010).
1378:plays fictional DJ Jeff Dugan.
1138:Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage
593:
1:
3101:. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
2676:Key Concepts in Radio Studies
1534:John Shepherd (8 July 2003).
1469:"How To Become A Disc Jockey"
1443:Career Opportunities in Radio
1404:
884:African American disc jockeys
602:at teen dance parties called
40:history of radio disc jockeys
3408:. Routledge. pp. 377–.
3313:McLean, Chuck (2008-07-09).
3248:. Routledge. pp. 134–.
3073:. Routledge. pp. 260–.
2457:Clay Cole (1 October 2009).
2354:. Routledge. pp. 207–.
2327:. Routledge. pp. 569–.
2303:. SUNY Press; 28 June 2016.
1809:. Peter Lang. pp. 83–.
1018:in Memphis with his popular
180:, who in 1927 convinced the
46:broadcasters to present day
7:
3010:. Routledge. pp. 45–.
2949:National Radio Hall of Fame
2411:. Man From Mars Productions
2383:. Routledge. p. 1811.
1893:"The NBC Chicago Orchestra"
1699:"Doc Herrold and Ray Newby"
1382:
1187:illegal practice of payment
795:were broadcast by the U.S.
10:
3574:
3469:. McFarland. pp. 4–.
3170:. Routledge; 13 May 2013.
2619:Gordon Castelnero (2006).
2598:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 18–.
1625:New York Times Book Review
1251:
1178:
1077:and also as a producer at
797:Armed Forces Radio Service
724:and its short-lived rival
375:counterparts included the
336:A top-rated radio host at
329:Capitol Records' single, "
18:
16:History of radio employees
3269:Mary Kosut (1 May 2012).
3164:Christopher H. Sterling.
2907:African American Registry
2754:World War II on the Radio
2732:Mackenzie, Harry (1999).
2198:Encyclopedia of the Blues
1977:. Popular Press. p.
1969:Curtis, James M. (1987).
1843:. Random House. pp.
1803:Michael C. Keith (2008).
1352:plays real-life radio DJ
1290:plays real-life radio DJ
970:The House That Jack Built
3538:Broadcasting occupations
2970:Watkins, Mel (May 2012)
2375:Partridge, Eric (2006).
2166:Horace C. Boyer (1995).
2021:"Murray "The K" Kaufman"
1673:Ray Newby appearance on
545:before he began hosting
455:(aka John Richbourg) in
331:I Want to Hold Your Hand
3031:William Barlow (1999).
2910:. Retrieved 20 May 2014
2174:. Elliott & Clark.
2007:The Beatles Are Coming!
1948:Encyclopædia Britannica
1697:Bay Area Radio Museum.
1031:broadcasting industry.
937:in Chicago and then at
840:United States Air Force
3548:Mass media occupations
3221:. UPNE. pp. 63–.
2195:Edward Komara (2006).
2005:Spizer, Bruce (2003).
1143:Hollywood Walk of Fame
1141:, and spoke at Rush's
953:
931:Chicago Public Schools
896:
782:
734:Swinging Radio England
730:Wonderful Radio London
709:
633:", a 1957 hit song by
614:, often in the school
484:
429:
290:
238:, was an instant hit.
211:
132:
35:
2075:Encyclopedia of radio
1919:Eugene Register-Guard
1835:Fisher, Marc (2007).
1394:Black-appeal stations
1329:Good Morning, Vietnam
1238:Portable People Meter
1167:before the 1970s. DJ
951:
891:
851:Good Morning, Vietnam
780:
707:
635:Danny and the Juniors
567:and DJ teams such as
482:
419:
285:
236:Make Believe Ballroom
206:DJ Martin Block with
205:
149:William Tell Overture
145:Reginald A. Fessenden
123:
78:Make Believe Ballroom
29:
3553:Occupations in music
3215:Carter Alan (2013).
3099:The Globe & Mail
2565:Carlo Wolff (2006).
1839:Something in the Air
1195:United States Senate
1135:in the documentary,
1060:began her career at
1004:period presaged the
600:master of ceremonies
502:Rock and Roll Palace
463:of African-American
457:Nashville, Tennessee
232:Lindbergh kidnapping
165:San Jose, California
3528:Radio personalities
2736:. Greenwood Press.
2716:. Greenwood Press.
2703:. 15 December 2023.
2113:. 12 September 1983
1246:online music stores
1215:album-oriented rock
1160:in the late 1990s.
1075:Search for Tomorrow
968:, and later hosted
424:on New York City's
299:WERE (1300 AM)
48:radio personalities
3523:American radio DJs
3452:The Straight Dope.
3339:2010-06-19 at the
3320:The Patriot Ledger
2961:New Haven Register
2111:The Glasgow Herald
2025:Radio Hall of Fame
1654:The New York Times
1593:Milwaukee Sentinel
1567:The New York Times
1493:. Backbeat; 2001.
1221:personalities and
1122:Radio disc jockey
1067:Billboard magazine
1035:Women disc jockeys
1002:Black-appeal radio
972:, a DJ program of
954:
897:
894:Memphis, Tennessee
868:'s program on the
826:Family Favourites.
821:Forces Favourites.
783:
712:During the 1960s,
710:
663:American Bandstand
649:During the 1950s,
557:responsibilities.
551:American Bandstand
537:was a radio DJ at
485:
430:
291:
266:Disputes with the
212:
197:morning radio show
141:gramophone records
133:
36:
3476:978-0-7864-8616-8
3415:978-1-135-45649-8
3282:978-1-5063-3828-6
3255:978-1-136-99375-6
3228:978-1-55553-729-6
3201:978-0-679-46295-8
3176:978-1-136-99375-6
3146:. 9 December 1971
3080:978-1-317-52018-4
3050:978-1-56639-667-7
3017:978-1-135-45649-8
2933:978-1-56976-254-7
2865:at HistoryNet.com
2817:. 29 January 2000
2686:978-1-4739-0360-9
2659:978-1-4411-4874-2
2605:978-1-4408-4472-0
2578:978-1-886228-99-3
2551:978-0-8195-6257-9
2524:978-1-4399-0475-6
2497:978-1-4396-6207-6
2470:978-1-60037-768-6
2443:978-1-4022-9347-4
2361:978-1-136-99375-6
2334:978-1-135-91742-5
2309:978-1-4384-6147-2
2285:978-0-8223-9112-8
2260:978-0-313-36557-7
2248:Lisa Jo Sagolla.
2235:978-0-8251-4487-5
2208:978-0-415-92699-7
2181:978-1-880216-19-4
2145:978-0-19-513943-3
2085:978-1-57958-249-4
2051:978-0-253-34886-9
1988:978-0-87972-369-9
1854:978-0-375-50907-0
1816:978-0-8204-8648-2
1788:DePaul University
1685:Game Show Network
1680:I've Got a Secret
1547:978-0-8264-6322-7
1522:978-0-307-54709-5
1499:978-0-87930-664-9
1487:Ben Fong-Torres.
1453:978-1-4381-1084-4
1428:978-1-136-02777-2
1416:Michael C Keith.
1389:Radio personality
1317:Play Misty for Me
1298:American Graffiti
1169:Annie Nightingale
1020:Tan Town Jamboree
773:Wartime radio DJs
515:, talk show host
494:American Graffiti
417:
178:Christopher Stone
160:I've Got a Secret
3565:
3558:Radio presenters
3508:
3507:
3505:
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2017:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1950:. britannica.com
1940:
1931:
1930:
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1710:
1701:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
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1600:
1587:Higgins, Terry.
1584:
1578:
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1531:
1525:
1508:
1502:
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1478:
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1457:
1437:
1431:
1414:
1366:Stephen McHattie
1283:American Hot Wax
1264:Adrienne Barbeau
1191:commercial radio
917:
916:
912:
908:was on the air 9
900:African American
870:Voice of America
758:Spangles Muldoon
700:Pirate radio DJs
590:countdown show.
498:Midnight Special
418:
404:Radio Luxembourg
278:1950s to present
270:(ASCAP) and the
34:New York in 1964
30:Disc jockeys at
21:History of DJing
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3498:. radioinfo.com
3488:
3484:
3477:
3461:
3457:
3445:
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3428:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3400:
3396:
3388:Justin Berton,
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3346:
3341:Wayback Machine
3332:
3328:
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3116:las-solanas.com
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2847:
2834:
2830:
2820:
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2811:"Jean Metcalfe"
2809:
2808:
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2622:TV Land Detroit
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1963:
1953:
1951:
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1922:
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1898:
1896:
1895:. Samuels, Rich
1891:Samuels, Rich.
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1801:
1794:
1783:Jane Connolly.
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1705:on 22 July 2010
1695:
1691:
1687:on 22 May 2008.
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
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1619:Udovitch, Mim.
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1407:
1385:
1376:Michael Brandon
1338:Adrian Cronauer
1254:
1230:ratings diaries
1211:
1183:
1177:
1037:
1012:Nat D. Williams
914:
910:
909:
886:
846:Adrian Cronauer
775:
702:
596:
413:
280:
216:Walter Winchell
188:introductions.
118:
69:Walter Winchell
24:
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3143:New York Times
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2974:New York Times
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2846:on May 9, 2012
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2012:
1997:
1987:
1961:
1932:
1921:. 23 June 1955
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1764:New York Times
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1334:Robin Williams
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1322:Clint Eastwood
1313:
1310:Radio Caroline
1301:
1295:
1279:
1267:
1253:
1250:
1234:voice tracking
1210:
1209:Format changes
1207:
1179:Main article:
1176:
1175:Payola scandal
1173:
1105:Yvonne Daniels
1054:in Montreal.
1036:
1033:
966:Washington, DC
906:Jack L. Cooper
885:
882:
866:Willis Conover
856:Robin Williams
804:as "GI Jill."
774:
771:
742:Tony Blackburn
736:. DJs such as
722:Radio Caroline
701:
698:
595:
592:
569:Mark and Brian
509:Hogan's Heroes
472:continent and
470:North American
400:Tony Blackburn
396:Radio Caroline
389:Radio London's
279:
276:
137:Emile Berliner
117:
116:1900s to 1950s
114:
15:
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3369:Howl Magazine
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3302:. p. J8.
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2752:Bivins, Tom.
2749:
2743:
2742:0-313-30812-8
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2722:0-313-30812-8
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1872:. Roddy, Bill
1871:
1868:Roddy, Bill.
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1271:Private Parts
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858:as Cronauer.
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754:Emperor Rosko
751:
747:
746:Kenny Everett
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:Radio Atlanta
723:
719:
715:
706:
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695:
691:
686:
684:
683:The Four Tops
680:
676:
675:Robin Seymour
672:
668:
664:
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656:
652:
647:
644:
643:record stores
638:
636:
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627:rock and roll
623:
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527:Ryan Seacrest
524:
523:
522:American Idol
518:
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434:rock and roll
427:
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397:
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386:
382:
381:Brian Matthew
378:
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366:
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358:
353:
351:
347:
346:Brian Epstein
343:
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334:
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328:
324:
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315:Elvis Presley
312:
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125:Lee de Forest
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66:
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58:
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
33:
28:
22:
3500:. Retrieved
3495:
3485:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3404:
3397:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3368:
3363:Tsui, Nick.
3358:
3347:
3329:
3318:
3308:
3299:Toronto Star
3297:
3291:
3271:
3264:
3244:
3237:
3217:
3210:
3190:
3183:
3165:
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3141:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3115:
3106:
3098:
3089:
3069:
3034:
3026:
3006:
2979:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2880:
2870:
2858:
2848:, retrieved
2844:the original
2838:
2831:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:The Guardian
2814:
2805:
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2770:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2733:
2728:
2713:
2709:
2695:
2675:
2668:
2648:
2641:
2621:
2614:
2594:
2587:
2567:
2560:
2540:
2533:
2513:
2506:
2486:
2479:
2459:
2452:
2432:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2408:
2399:
2378:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2316:
2298:
2294:
2274:
2267:
2249:
2244:
2224:
2217:
2197:
2190:
2169:
2161:
2149:. Retrieved
2134:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2074:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2040:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1993:disc jockey.
1992:
1972:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1947:
1923:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1863:
1838:
1805:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:
1736:. Retrieved
1728:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1692:
1678:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1653:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1597:. Retrieved
1592:
1582:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1556:
1536:
1529:
1511:
1506:
1488:
1483:
1472:
1462:
1442:
1435:
1417:
1412:
1359:
1354:Petey Greene
1343:
1327:
1315:
1305:Pirate radio
1303:
1288:Tim McIntire
1281:
1276:Howard Stern
1269:
1257:
1227:
1212:
1203:
1184:
1162:
1147:
1136:
1124:Donna Halper
1121:
1111:in Chicago.
1102:
1083:
1056:
1046:
1038:
1019:
1010:
986:
969:
955:
920:
904:
898:
878:Soviet Union
860:
849:
833:
830:
825:
820:
818:
800:
790:
787:World War II
784:
714:pirate radio
711:
687:
679:The Supremes
648:
639:
624:
612:high schools
597:
573:
559:
555:
543:Philadelphia
531:Howard Stern
520:
506:
501:
497:
486:
483:Wolfman Jack
459:adopted the
447:
431:
408:Jimmy Savile
385:Alan Freeman
371:, and their
365:Wolfman Jack
354:
350:Fifth Beatle
342:Murray the K
335:
323:Jack Spector
296:
292:
265:
256:
248:
240:
235:
228:Martin Block
223:
219:
213:
190:
170:
158:
153:
134:
110:Top 40 radio
107:
103:music tracks
84:
76:
73:Martin Block
62:
59:
52:
39:
37:
3434:history.com
2947:Hal Jackson
2821:20 February
2776:20 February
2415:14 February
2117:29 December
1925:29 December
1769:8 September
1350:Don Cheadle
1223:morning zoo
1071:Moody Blues
1024:Jack Gibson
958:Hal Jackson
952:Hal Jackson
836:Vietnam War
834:During the
806:Axis powers
799:to troops.
767:BBC Radio 1
750:Tony Prince
692:and modern
690:discotheque
655:Bill Randle
608:record hops
594:Record hops
584:Casey Kasem
576:Dick Powell
369:Casey Kasem
311:Bill Randle
208:Stan Kenton
3517:Categories
3496:Radio Info
3392:SFGate.com
3374:22 January
3178:. p. 363–.
3122:29 October
2850:2013-01-13
2151:13 October
2091:13 October
2057:13 October
1474:Boys' Life
1405:References
1345:Talk to Me
1292:Alan Freed
1219:shock jock
1199:Dick Clark
1150:shock jock
1145:ceremony.
814:Axis Sally
810:Tokyo Rose
667:Dick Clark
659:Alan Freed
631:At the Hop
561:Drive time
535:Dick Clark
422:Alan Freed
361:Alan Freed
287:Dick Clark
2890:23 August
2409:WCRG/WPOP
2311:. p. 92–.
2262:. p. 54–.
1790:Archives.
1729:bbc.co.uk
1572:2 January
1524:. p. 13–.
1501:. p. 22–.
1430:. p. 52–.
1361:Pontypool
1117:WABC (AM)
1103:In 1973,
1094:Aerosmith
998:WHAT (AM)
994:WROX (AM)
989:Al Benson
956:In 1939,
923:Herb Kent
864:radio DJ
854:starring
738:John Peel
673:radio DJ
653:radio DJ
651:Cleveland
620:cafeteria
604:sock hops
580:Peggy Lee
513:Bob Crane
476:islands.
474:Caribbean
451:radio DJ
426:WINS (AM)
420:Radio DJ
392:John Peel
319:WMCA (AM)
303:Cleveland
297:While at
193:WBBM (AM)
186:ad libbed
135:In 1892,
32:WMCA (AM)
3337:Archived
2885:Newsweek
2881:Newsweek
2797:Archived
1899:26 April
1876:26 April
1383:See also
1236:and the
1109:WLS (AM)
1098:The Cars
862:Cold War
843:sergeant
694:club DJs
565:Don Imus
517:Art Bell
428:in 1955.
355:Notable
327:Beatles'
131:in 1916.
65:magazine
3150:3 April
2991:, pg100
1738:5 March
1259:The Fog
1252:In film
1165:Britain
1158:KFRC-FM
1090:WBCN-FM
1062:WNEW-FM
964:-AM in
913:⁄
801:GI Jive
792:GI Jive
785:During
718:England
671:Detroit
547:WFIL-TV
453:John R.
373:British
289:in 1963
251:Variety
176:DJ was
174:British
95:club DJ
63:Variety
3502:7 July
3473:
3412:
3279:
3252:
3225:
3198:
3174:
3118:. ARSA
3112:"CKGM"
3077:
3047:
3014:
2987:
2930:
2740:
2720:
2683:
2656:
2629:
2602:
2575:
2548:
2521:
2494:
2467:
2440:
2387:
2358:
2331:
2307:
2282:
2258:
2232:
2205:
2178:
2142:
2082:
2048:
1985:
1954:6 July
1851:
1813:
1709:21 May
1659:8 July
1630:8 July
1599:7 July
1544:
1520:
1497:
1450:
1426:
1181:Payola
1113:99X FM
1086:KOL-FM
1006:Top 40
588:Top 40
529:, and
439:payola
402:, and
224:jockey
91:patter
87:Top 40
55:jockey
3543:DJing
978:blues
665:host
525:host
511:star
321:, DJ
309:, DJ
99:songs
44:radio
3504:2016
3471:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3376:2018
3277:ISBN
3250:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3196:ISBN
3172:ISBN
3152:2017
3124:2022
3075:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3012:ISBN
2985:ISBN
2928:ISBN
2892:2016
2823:2024
2778:2024
2738:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2573:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2519:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2438:ISBN
2417:2018
2385:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2230:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2176:ISBN
2153:2011
2140:ISBN
2119:2013
2093:2011
2080:ISBN
2059:2011
2046:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1956:2016
1927:2013
1901:2010
1878:2010
1849:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1771:2015
1740:2022
1711:2008
1661:2016
1632:2016
1601:2016
1574:2017
1542:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1244:and
1156:and
1154:KSAN
1132:WMMS
1128:Rush
1096:and
1052:CKGM
1042:WDGY
1028:WERD
1016:WDIA
976:and
974:jazz
962:WOOK
943:WVON
939:WBEE
935:WGES
927:WBEZ
874:jazz
812:and
756:and
732:and
681:and
578:and
539:WFIL
500:and
489:XERF
465:DJ's
449:WLAC
443:WABC
383:and
357:U.S.
338:WINS
307:Ohio
220:disc
38:The
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