History of tennis - Knowledge

445: 1688:. Twelve of the Grand Prix which were slightly less prestigious than the first nine events were renamed as the "Championship Series – Double Week" (meaning in most cases, 2 of those tournaments occurred the same week). Winning a Super Nine tournament was worth roughly half the points (370) of winning a Grand Slam tournament (750), while Championship Series tournaments were worth as much as 360 points depending on the total prize money. The format continued until 2000, at which time the Super Nine were renamed the Masters Series (the winner being awarded 500 points), occupying the rank below the Grand Slams (1000 points for the winner), and the Championship Series was renamed to simply the International Series Gold (worth 250 to 300 points for the winner). In 2000, the Grand Slam tournaments and the Masters Series tournaments became mandatory professional events if a player's ranking qualifies them for the tournament. Players were automatically entered and Masters and Slam events became the baseline for player rankings with up to an additional 5 tournaments also counted (18 in all plus the ATP Finals if they qualify). Before 2000, a players' best 14 tournaments were counted towards the ATP Point Rankings. 561:

mistakenly said to have played the first tennis game in the U.S. against her sister Laura in Staten Island, New York on an hourglass-shaped court. However, all this would have been impossible, as the tennis equipment she is said to have brought back from Bermuda was not available in Bermuda until 1875, and her next trip to Bermuda, when it was available there, was in 1877. In fact, lawn tennis was first introduced in the United States on a grass court on Col. William Appleton's Estate in Nahant, Massachusetts by Dr. James Dwight ("the Father of American Lawn Tennis"), Henry Slocum, Richard Dudley Sears and Sears' half-brother Fred Sears, in 1874.

318: 306: 1532:. The International Lawn Tennis Federation, alarmed by the control of the promoters, approved Kramer's Grand Prix. Twenty-seven tournaments, including the three Grand Slams (French Open, Wimbledon and US Open), were played that year, with Stockholm tournament ending on 1 November. The independent professional players along with a few contract players, entered the Grand Prix circuit. Contract players could play Grand Prix events provided their contracts allowed it, and that they had adequate time apart from their own circuit. 1345: 430: 184: 294: 1707:. The numbers in the tournament type name indicate the winners' ranking points. By way of comparison, a winner of one of the four Grand Slam tournaments is awarded 2000 points. In 2009, a greater emphasis began to be placed on winning a tournament, as the points awarded to the runner-up dropped from 70% of the champion's points to 60% (i.e. from 700 points to 600 points in a Masters 1000 event). Points also began to be awarded for Davis Cup singles play. 521:, Wales in 1874, but research has demonstrated that even his game was not likely played during that country weekend in Wales. He had likely based his game on both the evolving sport of outdoor tennis and on real tennis. Much of modern tennis terminology also derives from this period, for Wingfield and others borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis, and applied them to their variations of real tennis. In the scholarly work 1130: 4419: 4408: 1897: 229:, a game that evolved over three centuries from an earlier ball game played around the 12th century in France that involved hitting a ball with a bare hand and later with a glove. By the 16th century the glove had become a racquet, the game had moved to an enclosed playing area and the rules had stabilized. Real tennis spread in popularity throughout royalty in Europe, reaching its peak in the 16th century. 19: 4429: 495:

believed, mistakenly, that Wingfield obtained a patent on the game he devised to be played on that type of court, but in fact Wingfield never applied for nor received a patent on his game, although he did obtain a copyright — but not a patent — on his rules for playing it. And, after a running series of articles and letters in the British sporting magazine

1524:. . . a series of tournaments with a money bonus pool that would be split up on the basis of a cumulative point system. This would encourage the best players to compete regularly in the series, so that they could share in the bonus at the end and qualify for a special championship tournament that would climax the year. 529:

tennis. The service had to be made from a diamond-shaped box in the middle of one side of the court only, and the service had to bounce beyond the service line instead of in front of it. He adopted the rackets-based system of scoring where games consisted of 15 points (called 'aces'). None of these quirks survived the

517:, that is, "sphere-istic", an ancient Greek adjective meaning "of or pertaining to use of a ball, globe or sphere"), which was soon corrupted to "sticky". Wingfield claimed that he had invented his version of the game for the amusement of his guests at a weekend garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in 1632:

In 1978 the ILTF Grand Prix and WCT circuits merged. However, In 1982, the WCT circuit separated again and created a more complex WCT ranking, similar to the ATP ranking. The WCT was not as successful in the 1980s, and the Grand Prix circuit became the primary circuit. The Grand Prix's governance was

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from 1973 Wimbledon, due to Pilic's alleged refusal to play in Yugoslavia's Davis Cup tie against New Zealand. In retaliation, 81 out of 84 of Pilic's fellow players who were ATP members, boycotted 1973 Wimbledon in response, stating that professional players should have the right of deciding whether

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and introduced lawn tennis to the United States, setting up supposedly the first tennis court in the United States on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, which was near where the Staten Island Ferry Terminal is today. The club was founded on or about 22 March 1872. She is also

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designed an hourglass-shaped tennis court in order to obtain a patent on his court (as the rectangular court was already in use and was unpatentable). A temporary patent on this hourglass-shaped court was granted to him in February, 1874, which he never renewed when it expired in 1877. It is commonly

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Open Era, the establishment of an international professional tennis circuit, and revenues from the sale of television rights, tennis's popularity has spread worldwide, and the sport has shed its upper/middle-class English-speaking image (although it is acknowledged that this stereotype still exists).

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Most rules of (lawn) tennis derive from this precursor and it is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand, hence

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was first played in 1905 as The Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) Championships. Because of its geographic remoteness, historically, the event did not gain attendance from the top tennis players. It became one of the major tennis tournaments starting in 1924 (designated by the ILTF). In 1927,

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The reason for the numbering of scores being "15", "30" and "40" is unknown. Historical sources suggest the system was originally 15, 30, 45 with the 45 simplified to 40 over time. Common theories are that it originated from the quarters of a clock, or from gambling stakes or just a trick from royal

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that plagues high-class tennis. It is well known that amateurs bargain for – and receive – exorbitant expenses to compete at many tournaments. "We must take action on our own account to make the game honest", said Derek Penmam of the British association. "For too long now we have been governed by a

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recalled that in 1767 "in the summer we had another club, which met at the Red House in Battersea fields, nearly opposite Ranelagh.... The game we played was an invention of our own, and called field tennis, which afforded noble exercise.... The field, which was of sixteen acres in extent, was kept

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cigarettes. In 1971 and 1972, the WT Women's Pro Tour offered nearly 10 times the prize money of other pro women's tennis events. The USLTA initially would not sanction the tour; however, the two groups determined to give Virginia Slims the individual events, and the USLTA the tour, thus resolving

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The first WCT tournaments were held in February 1968 and the first NTL tournaments in March 1969. In July 1970, the WCT absorbed the NTL. At the end of 1970, a panel of journalists ranked the players, leading the WCT to send invitations to the 32 top men to play the 1971 WCT circuit: among the 32,

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stayed independent. In 1971, the WCT ran 20 tournaments, and concluded the year with the WCT Finals. In 1971, the majority of the best players still mainly played the WCT circuit. Thus, the 1971 Australian Open was a WCT competition whereas the French Open, Wimbledon and U.S. Open were ILTF Grand

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The origin of the use of love for zero is disputed. It is ascribed to derive from l'œuf, French for "the egg", traditionally representing the shape of a zero. Another possibility is that it derives from the Dutch expression "iets voor lof doen", which means to do something for praise, implying no

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In 1968 commercial pressures and rumours of some amateurs taking money under the table led to the abandonment of this distinction, inaugurating the Open Era, in which all players could compete in all tournaments and top players were able to make their living from tennis. With the beginning of the

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but only 9 tournament matches. Joe McCauley determined that for 1952, only 7 professional tournaments were played by the top international players, and 2 other professional tournaments (the British Pro and the German Pro) were reserved for domestic players. Only during the 1960s did professional

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for the first Lawn Tennis Championship, at Wimbledon in 1877 (the men who devised those rules were members of both clubs). Wingfield does deserve great credit for popularizing the game of lawn tennis, as he marketed, in one boxed set, all the equipment needed to play his or other versions of it,

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Wingfield did patent his hourglass court in 1874, but not his eight-page rule book titled "Sphairistike or Lawn Tennis", but he failed in enforcing his patent. In his version, the game was played on an hourglass-shaped court, and the net was higher (4 feet 8 inches) than it is in official lawn

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in 1877 to raise money for the club. The first Championships were contested by 22 men and the winner received a Silver Gilt Cup proclaiming the winner to be "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World". The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to

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standardize the rules. The following year, it was recognized as the official British Championships, although it was open to international competitors. In 1884 the Ladies Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles Championships were inaugurated, followed by the Ladies and Mixed Doubles in 1913.

1837:. From 1984 to 1998, the finals matches of the championship event were best-of-five, uniquely among women's tournaments. In 1999, the finals reverted to best-of-three. The WTA Tour Championships are generally considered to be the women's fifth most prestigious event (after the four 3410:'Yes, "open" tennis has come at last and Bournemouth has been entrusted with the task of a world shaking launching,' said the programme notes for the 1968 Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, which brought an end to the sport's segregation of amateur and professional players. 266:

granted a constitution to the Corporation of Tennis Professionals in 1571, creating the first pro tennis 'tour', establishing three professional levels: apprentice, associate, and master. A professional named Forbet wrote and published the first codification of the rules in 1599.

1570:) complicated matters further with a third professional tour, the U.S. Indoor Circuit. In 1972, the conflict between the ILTF and the WCT culminated in the ILTF banning the contract professional players from all ILTF Grand Prix events between January and July, which included the 1265:. Vines probably never entered a tournament in 1937 and 1938. In 1937, Vines played 70 matches on two tours and no tournament matches. Even in the 1950s, some professionals continued to play tour matches. During his first five months as a professional (January through May 1957), 359:. Giovanni Andrea dell'Anguillara translated it into Italian in 1561 and replaced the ancient game of discus in the original text with pallacorda or tennis, which had achieved a high status at the courts in the middle of the 16th century. Tiepolo's painting, displayed at the 956:

because of New Zealand tennis authorities releasing their commitments to the tournament, it became known as the Australian Championships. For most of the 1970s and the early 1980s, the event lacked participation from top ranked tennis professionals. Since its move to

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won the singles match. There was also a doubles match which was won by a local pair. There were different rules at each club. The ball in Boston was larger than the one normally used in NY. On 21 May 1881, the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (now the

525:, Heiner Gillmeister reveals that on 8 December 1874, Wingfield had written to Harry Gem, commenting that he had been experimenting with his version of lawn tennis for a year and a half. Gem himself had largely credited Perera with the invention of the game. 1565:

By then, the rivalry between the two groups became so intense that Rosewall, Gimeno, Laver, Emerson and some other WCT players boycotted the 1971 US Open (although Newcombe played and lost in the first round to Kodes). Bill Riordan (the future manager of

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The tournament initially was known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge. It was renamed the Davis Cup following the death of Dwight Davis in 1945. The tournament has vastly expanded and, on its 100th anniversary in 1999, 130 nations competed.

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under contract to Charles C. Pyle. The main events of the professional circuit comprised head-to-head competition and by-invitation Pro Championships, which were the equivalent of the Grand Slam tournaments on the professional circuit.

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In the years before the Open Era, professionals often played more frequently on head-to-head tours than in tournaments because tours paid much better than tournaments and the number of professional tournaments was small. For example,

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tournaments agreed to allow professional players to compete with amateurs. Before 1968, only amateurs were allowed to compete in Grand Slam tournaments and other events organized or sanctioned by the ILTF, including the Davis Cup.

1885:. The building contains a large collection of memorabilia as well as honoring prominent players and others. Each year, a grass-court tournament takes place on its grounds, as well as an induction ceremony honoring new members. 573:

Tennis comes from the French tenez, the formal imperative form of the verb tenir, to hold, meaning "hold!", "receive!" or "take!", an interjection used as a call from the server to his opponent to indicate that he is about to

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term Tenez, which can be translated as 'hold!', 'receive!' or 'take!', a call from the server to his opponent indicating that he is about to serve. The first known appearance of the word in English literature is by poet

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The same year, tennis withdrew from the Olympics after the 1924 Games but returned 60 years later as a 21-and-under demonstration event in 1984. This reinstatement was credited by the efforts by the then ITF President

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created the first professional tennis tour in 1926, with a group of American and French tennis players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable of these early professionals were the American

109:) was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution; it was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. 1944:

The first known instance of the word tennis in the English language dates to 1396 when a William Terrey had to appear before the burghmote of Canterbury for allowing people to play le Closhe and le Tenesse on his

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Before the Open Era, the leading professional players were under contract with a professional promoter who controlled their appearances. For example, in 1926, Lenglen and Richards toured North America along with

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equipment that had been available previously only at several different outlets. Because of this convenience, versions of the game spread like wildfire in Britain, and by 1875 lawn tennis had virtually supplanted

115:'s Rules of Lawn Tennis have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since 1875. Those rules were adopted by the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for the first lawn tennis championship, 1815:

the conflict. In 1973, the U.S. Open made history by offering equal prize money to men and women. Billie Jean King, the most visible advocate for the women's cause, earned over $ 100,000 in 1971 and 1972.

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Suzanne Lenglen was the leading player in the first year of the professional circuit, and after she retired in February 1927, few female players played on the professional circuit before the Open Era.

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as part of the ITF's 50th anniversary celebrations; it involved 16 countries and was played over one week. By the 1990s, over 70 nations competed each year, and regional qualifiers were introduced in

627:. Since the mid-1920s they became and have remained the more prestigious events in tennis. Winning these four tournaments in the same year is called the Calendar Grand Slam (a term borrowed from 175:

and composed in 1400; "Of the tenetz to winne or lese a chase, Mai no lif wite er that the bal be ronne". (Whether a chase is won or lost at tennis, Nobody can know until the ball is run).

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dates to 1891 as the Championat de France International de Tennis. This tournament was not recognised as a Major or Grand Slam tournament until it was opened to all nationalities in 1925.

1145:(ITF). The rules the association promulgated in 1924 have remained remarkably stable in the ensuing century, the one major change being the addition of the tie-break system designed by 1800:

offered the women only $ 7,500 in prize money versus the men's total of $ 50,000. When Kramer refused to match the men's prize money, King and Casals urged the other women to boycott.

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established the first professional tour with a group of American and French players playing exhibition matches to paying audiences. The most notable early professionals were American

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image. In the United States, since the 1970s, courts have been a common feature of public recreational facilities. Accordingly, in the 1970s, the U.S. Open moved from the private

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was held between 1957 and 1959, the 1957 Australian editions taking place in Sydney White City and Melbourne Kooyong, while the U.S. editions in 1957, 1958 and 1959 took place at

1300:, played between 1927 and 1999. Between 1954 and 1962, it was played indoors in Cleveland and was called the World Professional Championships. The third major tournament was the 556:

played the game in Bermuda at Clermont, a house with a spacious lawn in Paget parish. Innumerable histories claim that in 1874, Mary returned from Bermuda onboard the ship S.S.

250:(1547–59), was also an excellent player and continued the royal French tradition. In 1555 an Italian priest, Antonio Scaino da Salothe, wrote the first known book about tennis, 1374:

During the first years of the Open Era, power struggles between the ILTF and the commercial promoters led to boycotts of Grand Slam events. The first Open Era event was the

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in September, all the players attended and agreed to form a player syndicate to protect themselves from the promoters and associations, resulting in the creation of the

1304:, played between 1930 and 1968. The British and American championships continued into the Open Era but devolved to the status of minor tournaments after the late 1960s. 505:, the official rules of lawn tennis were promulgated by that Club in 1875, which preserved none of the aspects of the variations that Wingfield had dreamed up and named 2812: 1283: 2707: 3582: 3143: 2088: 3260: 1077:

of the Harvard University tennis team designed a tournament format with the idea of challenging the British to a tennis showdown. The first match, between the

335:(1599), when a basket of them is given to King Henry as a mockery of his youth and playfulness; the incident is also mentioned in some earlier chronicles and 1664:) that is accessible to anyone who buys a ticket. About the same time, the ruling body's name changed from the United States Lawn Tennis Association to the 864:

Tennis was predominantly a sport of the English-speaking world, dominated by Great Britain and the United States. It was also popular in France, where the

246:(1515–1547) was an enthusiastic player and promoter of real tennis, building courts and encouraging play among the courtiers and commoners. His successor, 1699:

becoming a non-mandatory event, meaning a player could use his results from a lower-level tournament in place of it. International Series Gold became the

240:, when the drain outlet, through which he hoped to escape assassins, had been blocked to prevent the loss of tennis balls. James was trapped and killed. 1634: 1288:

In addition to head-to-head events several annual professional tournaments were called championship tournaments. The most prestigious was usually the

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families to confuse the servants and maids so they wouldn't understand the system of scoring (that's why they use 40 in their system and not 45).

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Another significant turning point came in 1968 when the French Internationals became the first Grand Slam tournament to join the "Open"" era.

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In the first two years of the Open Era, the National Tennis League and WCT promoters began to take control of the game. To outmaneuver them,

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The first American National tournament was played in 1880 at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club in New York. An Englishman named

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In 1973, there were four rival professional circuits: the WCT circuit, the Grand Prix circuit, the U.S. Indoor Circuit with Connors and

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the royal families of Europe were besieged and real tennis was largely abandoned. Real tennis played a minor role in the history of the

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in September 1973, King brought even more media attention to tennis, and to women professionals in all walks of life by beating Riggs.

2624: 1684:, and packaged the nine most prestigious events as the "Championship Series – Single Tournament Week", and beginning in 1996, as the 2892: 1114: 1094: 1090: 649: 538: 347:(1752–1753), in which a strung racquet and three tennis balls are depicted. The theme of the painting is the mythological story of 336: 3422: 3202: 3638: 2680: 1183:, awarded in an annual match between the two strongest women's tennis nations of the time, the United States and Great Britain. 4641: 3727: 1161:. The success of the event was overwhelming, and the IOC decided to reintroduce tennis as a full medal sport at Seoul in 1988. 831: 126:, an annual competition between men's national teams, dates to 1900. The analogous competition for women's national teams, the 3436: 2572:

The Monumental Inscriptions in the Parish Church of S. Michael, Coventry, together with drawings of all the arms found therein

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Deuce comes from "a deux du jeu" - two points away from game (that is, two consecutive points must be scored to win the game).

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and in 1874, with two doctors from the Warneford Hospital, founded the world's first tennis club, the Leamington Tennis Club.

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came into use and the game began to be called 'tennis'. It was popular in the Kingdom of France as well as in England, where

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tournament held in August 1967, the first tournament where professional tennis players were allowed to play at Wimbledon.

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Wightman's original idea for a worldwide women's team tournament would bear fruit more than 40 years later in 1962, when

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The idea of a Davis Cup-style tournament for national women's teams is surprisingly old—it was first proposed in 1919 by

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because their organization did not receive a guarantee. In 1970, neither WCT nor NTL players played in the French Open.

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to join his tour of eight men for two years. The professional women then played as independents as the Open Era began.

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and Fred Sears in 1874. In 1881, the desire to play tennis competitively led to the establishment of tennis clubs.

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The Open Era, the global professional circuit, and television helped tennis spread globally and shed its elitist,

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In England, during the 18th and early 19th centuries as real tennis declined, three other racquet sports emerged:

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to play Davis Cup matches or not. The only ATP players who refused to boycott 1973 Wimbledon were Ilie Năstase,

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The French Championships at Roland Garros was the first Grand Slam tournament to become "open" to professionals

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that have been official, with periodic slight modifications, ever since then. Those rules were adopted by the

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There was virtually no further women's professional tennis until 1967, when promoter George McCall signed

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In 1947, women professionals were again in action with a short-lived series of exhibition matches between

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in Dallas continued being held until the end of the 1980s, and then disbanded with the creation of the

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Tennis was first played in the U.S. on a grass court set up on the Estate of Col. William Appleton in

4535: 4342: 1517: 1507: 1451: 1328: 130:, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the 75: 4575: 4565: 3707: 3675: 1617: 1535: 1176: 859: 491: 360: 310: 298: 3399: 4580: 4555: 4530: 4432: 4347: 4247: 4020: 3722: 3717: 3496: 2012: 1723:. The series ended in 1927, and the women did not compete as professionals again until 1941 when 1301: 530: 502: 371: 112: 50:

or royal tennis, which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules.

3095: 3001: 2848: 2212: 2206: 1973: 1967: 4585: 4500: 3846: 3732: 3302: 3285: 2352: 2346: 2243: 2237: 1915: 1554: 1419: 1158: 1102: 1098: 736: 553: 259: 2940: 2663: 2299: 2293: 1998: 1516:, the best player of the late 1940s / early 1950s, and at that time a promoter, conceived the 1394:. The Open Era allowed all tennis players the opportunity to make a living by playing tennis. 4610: 4510: 3964: 3821: 3762: 3712: 3332: 3189: 3069: 3040: 2964: 1882: 1661: 1653: 1602: 1596:

and the European Spring Circuit with Năstase as their star. During the year, the ILTF banned

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persuaded the ITF to begin sponsoring such an event. The first Federation Cup was played in

4615: 4206: 4143: 2323: 1767: 1383: 1312: 1289: 865: 826: 762:. The U.S. National Women's Singles Championships were first held in 1887 in Philadelphia. 722: 497: 352: 340: 263: 2621: 2500: 2494: 2434: 2428: 8: 4600: 4550: 4505: 4165: 4153: 4148: 4112: 4100: 4095: 3995: 3668: 3378: 2760: 2376: 1838: 1782: 1739: 1696: 1411: 1379: 1357: 946: 923: 608: 326: 243: 237: 172: 90: 3354: 2896: 2158: 2062: 2041: 317: 286:, was watching a game when she was arrested and that Henry was playing when news of her 4595: 4545: 4525: 4520: 4515: 3851: 3520: 3462: 3440: 1704: 1700: 394: 271: 247: 233: 2458:

Roger Morgan (1991). "The silver ball of rattray: a note on an early form of tennis".

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1913 also saw 12 national tennis associations agree at a Paris conference to form the

201:(c. 1500) shepherds gave three gifts, including a tennis ball, to the newborn Christ. 162:

The word tennis came into use in English in the mid-14th century from French, via the

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1891–1908: shared by Tennis Club de Paris/Ile de Puteaux, Paris/Racing Club de France

698: 693: 387: 383: 278:(1509–47) made the biggest impact as a young monarch, playing the game with gusto at 255: 102: 98: 97:. Many of the French courts were decommissioned with the terror that accompanied the 1475: 305: 4570: 4474: 4257: 4025: 3841: 3804: 3784: 3535: 2576: 2490: 2424: 1910: 1778: 1774: 1571: 1529: 1397: 1387: 1247: 1187: 838: 755: 616: 569:

Wingfield borrowed both the name and much of the French vocabulary of real tennis:

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The move is made because the English are tired of the hypocrisy in the sport, the

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in 1988, the Australian Open has gained the popularity of the other three majors.

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Racket (or racquet) derives from the Arabic rakhat, meaning the palm of the hand.

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The game thrived among the 17th-century nobility in France, Spain, Italy and the

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was a notable enthusiast of the game, which is now referred to as 'real tennis'.

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Tour rivalries and the creation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)

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Women's professional tennis began in 1926, when world number one female player

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earned U.S. $ 91,000 ($ 1,928,694 today) in a 1937 North American tour against

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The tournament was made officially one of the tennis 'Majors' from 1924 by the

510: 484: 472: 433: 418: 331: 3457: 1609:. They were later fined by the ATP for their participation in the tournament. 429: 4630: 4412: 3924: 3779: 3490: 2641: 1902: 1858: 1842: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1728: 1567: 1459: 1415: 1316: 1293: 1113:, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed jointly until 458: 279: 2410: 1227: 1222:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments. 183: 150:. Players turning pro could not compete in the major (amateur) tournaments. 4237: 4133: 4080: 3959: 3949: 3944: 3934: 3886: 3863: 3404: 1786: 1747: 1735: 1724: 1719:

accepted $ 50,000 for a series of matches against three-time U.S. Champion

1649: 1427: 1407: 1391: 1366: 1266: 1199: 1180: 1021: 999: 732: 476: 85:

Many original tennis courts remain, including courts at Oxford, Cambridge,

55: 39: 31: 23: 2580: 1810:

magazine, responded with a separate women's tour under the sponsorship of

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Between 1974 and 1978, any tennis player who participated in the nascent

1513: 1491: 1443: 1439: 994: 986: 793: 678: 620: 293: 283: 226: 210: 47: 4221: 4211: 4158: 4105: 3891: 3876: 1854: 1638: 1606: 1546: 1463: 1447: 1254: 895: 798: 518: 202: 168: 138: 2271:(Dover ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. pp. 25, 26. 2181:"tennis – Origin and history of tennis by Online Etymology Dictionary" 1129: 611:

tournaments, the four biggest competitions on the tennis circuit, are

475:, a Spanish merchant, combined elements of the game of racquets and a 282:

on a court he had built in 1530. It is believed that his second wife,

4216: 4201: 3919: 3871: 3466:. 19 June 1969. p. 30 – via National Library of Australia. 3373: 3371: 3169: 2298:(Rev. and updated 1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p. 1423: 1211: 1068: 1016: 991: 806: 547: 468: 437: 339:. One of the most striking early references appears in a painting by 290:

arrived. During the reign of James I (1603–25) London had 14 courts.

287: 195:

Tennis is mentioned in literature as far back as the Middle Ages. In

123: 35: 4443: 2835: 2833: 4138: 4085: 3929: 3914: 3909: 3826: 2741:"When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear" 1834: 1681: 1403: 1029: 1025: 1004: 809: 3368: 4262: 3976: 2830: 1862: 1170: 801: 751:) was formed to standardize the rules and organize competitions. 543: 480: 375: 127: 2291: 1398:

National Tennis League (NTL) and World Championship Tennis (WCT)

3691: 2351:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. pp. 1841:

tournaments.) Sponsors have included Virginia Slims (1971–78),

364: 348: 297:

Drawing of a Lawn Tennis court as originally designed by Major

206: 43: 18: 4407: 2242:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 2211:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 1972:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. p. 1896: 1261:

but won only U.S. $ 450 ($ 9,740) for his 1938 victory at the

2546:

The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fifth. Act 1, Scene 2

2292:

United States Tennis Association (1979). Bill Shannon (ed.).

1850: 1296:

in England, played between 1934 and 1990. The oldest was the

1033: 213:'s round table, plays tennis against a group of 17 giants in 26:

in 2008, a year before the installation of a retractable roof

3423:"Event Guide / History: Roland-Garros, a never-ending story" 3355:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928" 2063:"History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928" 309:

Cover of the first edition of the book about Lawn Tennis by

236:, the playing of tennis indirectly led to the death of King 3383: 592: 356: 2122:

it was no longer true that tennis was a middle-class sport

1528:

In 1970, none of the contract players participated in the

3660: 2813:"Bermudas Place in Tennis History > The IC of Bermuda" 1676:

In 1990, the Association of Tennis Professionals, led by

1402:

In 1968, a few professionals were independent, including

1284:

Major professional tennis tournaments before the Open Era

2941:"Speaking of animals: a dictionary of animal metaphors" 912:

1909: Societe Athletique de la Villa Primrose, Bordeaux

2136:"Max Clifford to help shed tennis' middle-class image" 754:

The U.S. National Men's Singles Championship, now the

2979:

Heeft yemant lust met bal, of met reket te spelen...?

1386:, while the first open Grand Slam tournament was the 467:

Between 1859 and 1865, in Birmingham, England, Major

464:

The modern sport is tied to two separate inventions.

254:. Two French kings died from tennis related episodes— 171:

in his poem titled 'In Praise of Peace' dedicated to

1892: 1868: 1370:

set of amateur rules that are quite unenforceable."

3489: 1766:("the Golden Goddess") as the opening act for the 1742:, both U.S. National Champions. In 1950 and 1951, 1124: 46:, is the direct descendant of what is now denoted 3479:, by Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, pages 275–276 3299:"James Henry Van Alen in the Tennis Hall of Fame" 2470: 2460:The International Journal of the History of Sport 4628: 3205:. Archived from the original on 25 February 2006 2594:The Prodigal Rake: the Memoirs of William Hickey 1277: 1274:tournaments become more significant than tours. 436:'s house in Edgbaston, Birmingham, where he and 3639:"International Tennis Hall of Fame Information" 1999:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries 1635:Men's International Professional Tennis Council 1327:"Open era" redirects here. For other uses, see 187:Real tennis racquets and balls. Cahusac at the 2692: 2661: 1710: 483:lawn in Edgbaston. In 1872, both men moved to 4459: 3676: 3144:"History of United States Tennis Association" 2107: 2081: 2079: 1691:In 2009, the Masters events were renamed the 34:traditionally named lawn tennis, invented in 2777:. Oxford: Bodleian Library. pp. 13–19. 2457: 1822:exhibition match against the vocally sexist 1762:turned professional in 1958 and joined with 1637:(also called the Men's Tennis Council). The 2599: 2568: 2478:The Kings & Queens of Scotland: James I 2344: 2235: 2204: 1965: 1845:(1979–82), Virginia Slims again (1983–94), 1494:. In 1970, NTL players did not play in the 1446:. Meanwhile Dave Dixon (later succeeded by 1205: 882:1925: Championnats Internationaux de France 440:first played the modern game of lawn tennis 59: 4466: 4452: 3683: 3669: 3528: 3279: 2133: 2076: 325:Real tennis is mentioned in literature by 321:Tennis doubles final at 1896 Olympic Games 74:). It was not until the 16th century that 3397: 2938: 2112:. London: The Observer, theguardian.co.uk 1938: 1587:Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) 1340:Open Era tennis records – women's singles 853: 550:as outdoor games for both men and women. 408:Time's arm for shame grew tyred at last. 225:The Medieval form of tennis is termed as 3015:"Originality of the phrase "Grand Slam"" 2763:– University of South Carolina Libraries 2489: 2423: 2417: 2156: 2042:"Suzanne Lenglen and the First Pro Tour" 1343: 1133:1896 Summer Olympics men's singles final 1128: 940: 650:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club 593:Tournaments and tours of the Amateur Era 539:All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club 443: 428: 316: 304: 292: 182: 42:, England, now commonly known simply as 17: 3500:. 29 July 1970. p. 3C – via 3033: 2995: 2919:"The Online Guide to Traditional Games" 2885: 2772: 2766: 2686: 2390: 2384: 2266: 2110:"Middle-class heroes can lift our game" 2103: 2101: 1336:Open era tennis records – men's singles 1141:(ILTF), renamed in 1977 as the current 1097:the tournament had expanded to include 424: 4629: 3557:"History of the West Side Tennis Club" 3516:"French to lift ban on W.T.T. players" 3195: 2562: 2451: 597: 262:after hitting his head during a game. 4473: 4447: 3664: 3575: 3458:"Power struggle on the tennis courts" 3231: 3170:"Fact & History of Rhodes Island" 2976: 2712: 2615: 2395:. London: Octopus Books. p. 21. 2378:Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1501: 1390:in May. Both tournaments were won by 1376:1968 British Hard Court Championships 1024:and alternated in Melbourne, Sydney, 457:in as high an order, and smooth as a 448:Amateur tennis match in Sweden, 1892. 270:Royal interest in England began with 4428: 3611:, 1974, The Viking Press, New York, 3379:"Open tennis accepted for Wimbledon" 3136: 2943:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 245. 2911: 2754: 2674: 2544:Shakespeare, William (Early 1600s). 2098: 1703:and the remaining events became the 1269:played 76 matches on a tour against 1139:International Lawn Tennis Federation 963: 871: 772: 767:International Lawn Tennis Federation 656: 402:Here lyes an old toss'd Tennis Ball: 397:, written circa 1705 read, in part: 258:of a severe chill after playing and 4383:Association of Tennis Professionals 4253:International Premier Tennis League 3110: 2981:. Hilversum: Verloren. p. 10. 2893:"Tennis from Beijing Olympics 2008" 2799:"Bermuda's Place in Tennis History" 2697:. The Viking Press. pp. 22–24. 2634: 2269:Tennis : Origins and Mysteries 421:and lawn tennis (the modern game). 406:With so much heat and so much hast, 404:Was racketted, from spring to fall, 13: 2499:. New York: Random House. p. 2433:. New York: Random House. p. 2108:Jon Henderson (10 December 2008). 2019: 1520:in late 1969. He described it as: 918:1926: Racing Club de France, Paris 914:1910: Racing Club de France, Paris 716: 634: 602: 329:, who mentions "tennis balles" in 14: 4653: 2535:The Encyclopedia of Tennis, p. 18 2381:. Medieval Institute Publications 1879:International Tennis Hall of Fame 1869:International Tennis Hall of Fame 817:Venue change (men's championship) 189:Falkland Palace Royal Tennis Club 4427: 4417: 4406: 2845:Staten Island Tennis Association 2348:Tennis : A Cultural History 2324:"John Gower: In Praise of Peace" 2239:Tennis : A Cultural History 2208:Tennis : A Cultural History 1969:Tennis : A Cultural History 1895: 1758:, wherein Betz dominated Moran. 1666:United States Tennis Association 1062: 972:1905: Australasian Championships 781:1881: U.S. National Championship 749:United States Tennis Association 4418: 4393:International Tennis Federation 3631: 3622: 3601: 3549: 3508: 3482: 3470: 3450: 3415: 3398:Henderson, Jon (15 June 2008). 3391: 3347: 3329:International Tennis Federation 3317: 3291: 3253: 3183: 3162: 3094:. wimbledon.org. Archived from 3084: 3068:. wimbledon.org. Archived from 3058: 3045:International Tennis Federation 3007: 2970: 2957: 2932: 2863: 2805: 2791: 2733: 2701: 2655: 2622:Lawn Tennis and Major T. H. Gem 2586: 2550: 2538: 2529: 2517: 2483: 2369: 2338: 2316: 2295:Official Encyclopedia of Tennis 2285: 2260: 2229: 2198: 2173: 1794:Pacific Southwest Championships 1452:World Championship Tennis (WCT) 1143:International Tennis Federation 1125:International Tennis Federation 252:Trattato del Giuoco della Palla 132:International Tennis Federation 3477:THE GAME My 40 Years in Tennis 3437:Fédération Française de Tennis 3428:Roland Garros Official Website 2873:. Etymonline.com. 10 June 1927 2150: 2127: 2055: 2005: 1990: 1959: 1627: 1164: 974:1927: Australian Championships 884:1928: Tournoi de Roland Garros 564: 471:, a solicitor, and his friend 220: 1: 4642:Sports originating in England 2871:"Online Etymology Dictionary" 2761:The Beginnings Of Lawn Tennis 2720:"23 February 1874 in History" 2267:Whitman, Malcolm D. (2004) . 1952: 1926:Tennis at the Summer Olympics 1298:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships 1278:Pro Championships (Pro Slams) 1263:U.S. Pro Tennis Championships 395:St Michael's Church, Coventry 2775:The Original Rules of Tennis 2708:Leamington Tennis Court Club 2662:E. M. Halliday (June 1971). 2345:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 2236:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 2205:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 1966:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). 1624:in the same calendar year. 1420:National Tennis League (NTL) 1241: 758:, was first held in 1881 at 646:The Championships, Wimbledon 501:, and a meeting at London's 313:, published in February 1874 157: 117:The Championships, Wimbledon 7: 2524:The Encyclopedia of Tennisp 2134:Kate Magee (10 July 2008). 1888: 1711:Women's professional tennis 1693:ATP World Tour Masters 1000 1671: 1658:USTA National Tennis Center 1322: 920:1927: Stade Français, Paris 916:1925: Stade Français, Paris 880:1891: Championnat de France 374:but suffered under English 10: 4658: 4388:Women's Tennis Association 3690: 3609:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 3261:"Davis Cup by BNP Paribas" 2939:Palmatier, Robert (1995). 2557:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 1831:Women's Tennis Association 1792:In 1970, promoter for the 1505: 1333: 1326: 1281: 1245: 1168: 1066: 947:History of Australian Open 944: 857: 720: 638: 523:Tennis: A Cultural History 198:The Second Shepherds' Play 4496:Australian rules football 4481: 4401: 4375: 4330: 4284: 4275: 4230: 4194: 4183: 4126: 4073: 4064: 4034: 4003: 3994: 3900: 3862: 3755: 3746: 3698: 3387:. ESPN. 14 December 1967. 3223:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2326:. University of Rochester 1881:, a non-profit museum in 1727:headlined a tour against 1518:Grand Prix tennis circuit 1508:Grand Prix tennis circuit 1329:Open era (disambiguation) 514: 452:The lawyer and memoirist 178: 134:, also known as the ITF. 3497:Press & Sun-Bulletin 3286:History of The Davis Cup 2642:"Leamington Tennis Club" 2631:Birmingham Civic Society 2391:Clerici, Gianni (1976). 1931: 1806:, American publisher of 1750:to play a pro tour with 1618:French Tennis Federation 1206:The professional circuit 1177:Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 665:1877: The Championships 641:Wimbledon, The Beginning 492:Walter Clopton Wingfield 361:Museo Thyssen Bornemisza 311:Walter Clopton Wingfield 299:Walter Clopton Wingfield 4248:Champions Tennis League 3536:"ATP corporate history" 3400:"Now I'd choose tennis" 3288:. Retrieved 2007-09-10. 2977:Bondt, Cees de (1993). 2693:Robertson, Max (1974). 2664:"Sphairistiké, Anyone?" 2627:9 February 2008 at the 2607:The True Home of Tennis 1309:Tournament of Champions 1302:French Pro Championship 531:Marylebone Cricket Club 503:Marylebone Cricket Club 490:In December 1873 Major 372:Austro-Hungarian Empire 113:Marylebone Cricket Club 107:Serment du Jeu de Paume 22:Players on Wimbledon's 4561:Professional wrestling 2773:Barrett, John (2010). 2695:Encyclopedia of Tennis 1916:Match fixing in tennis 1656:to a public park (the 1526: 1372: 1349: 1159:Juan Antonio Samaranch 1134: 976:1969: Australian Open 860:History of French Open 854:1891/1925: French Open 648:, were founded by the 554:Mary Ewing Outerbridge 449: 441: 411: 322: 314: 302: 192: 93:regularly played, and 27: 3822:electronic line judge 3491:"New grip on masters" 3331:(ITF). Archived from 2681:The History of Tennis 2592:Quennell, Peter, ed. 1883:Newport, Rhode Island 1662:Flushing Meadows Park 1654:West Side Tennis Club 1522: 1480:Earl "Butch" Buchholz 1363: 1347: 1315:. There was also the 1132: 1087:Boston, Massachusetts 941:1905: Australian Open 760:Newport, Rhode Island 729:Nahant, Massachusetts 447: 432: 399: 345:The Death of Hyacinth 320: 308: 296: 186: 80:Henry VIII of England 21: 4491:Association football 4207:Billie Jean King Cup 3628:Max Robertson, p. 70 3305:on 30 September 2007 2569:John Astley (1885), 2375:Hahn, Thomas(1995). 1768:Harlem Globetrotters 1620:from playing in the 1384:Bournemouth, England 1313:Forest Hills, Queens 1290:Wembley Championship 737:Richard Dudley Sears 723:History of U.S. Open 535:Rules of Lawn Tennis 425:Birth of lawn tennis 341:Giambattista Tiepolo 146:and the Frenchwoman 95:Hampton Court Palace 4171:ITF Women's Circuit 4113:ATP Challenger Tour 3589:on 12 November 2006 3239:"Davis Cup History" 3041:"History of Tennis" 3021:on 6 September 2012 2851:on 20 December 2022 2496:The World of Tennis 2430:The World of Tennis 2161:. BookieBusters.net 2013:"Davis Cup History" 1820:Battle of the Sexes 1740:Sarah Palfrey Cooke 1697:Monte-Carlo Masters 1380:The West Hants Club 1356:began in 1968 when 924:Stade Roland Garros 697:1922: Church Road, 692:1877: Worple Road, 607:The four majors or 598:Amateur tournaments 479:and played it on a 327:William Shakespeare 244:Francis I of France 238:James I of Scotland 215:The Turke and Gowin 91:Mary Queen of Scots 3524:. 4 November 1974. 3521:The New York Times 3463:The Canberra Times 3150:on 30 October 2007 3098:on 9 December 2010 2899:on 1 November 2007 2091:2007-10-31 at the 2002:, page 115 (2003). 1705:ATP World Tour 250 1701:ATP World Tour 500 1502:Grand Prix circuit 1350: 1210:In 1926, promoter 1135: 835:1924: Forest Hills 450: 442: 323: 315: 303: 234:Blackfriars, Perth 193: 28: 4637:History of tennis 4624: 4623: 4486:American football 4475:History of sports 4441: 4440: 4413:Tennis portal 4371: 4370: 4271: 4270: 4179: 4178: 4118:ITF Men's Circuit 4060: 4059: 3990: 3989: 3617:978-0-670-29408-4 3583:"History of USTA" 3335:on 26 August 2020 3325:"Fed Cup History" 3004:– Australian Open 2967:, page 13 (2006). 2668:American Heritage 2491:Schickel, Richard 2425:Schickel, Richard 1921:Tennis technology 1861:(2006–2010), and 1847:J.P. Morgan Chase 1614:World Team Tennis 1555:Željko Franulović 1454:and managed the " 1378:held in April at 1155:Philippe Chatrier 1059: 1058: 937: 936: 850: 849: 713: 712: 388:Tennis Court Oath 384:French Revolution 103:Tennis Court Oath 99:French Revolution 4649: 4468: 4461: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4431: 4430: 4421: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4376:Governing bodies 4285:Intercontinental 4282: 4281: 4258:World TeamTennis 4192: 4191: 4071: 4070: 4001: 4000: 3785:serve-and-volley 3753: 3752: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3662: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3641:. Archived from 3635: 3629: 3626: 3620: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3585:. Archived from 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3559:. Archived from 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3493: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3443:on 4 July 2008. 3439:. Archived from 3419: 3413: 3412: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3301:. Archived from 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3263:. Archived from 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3222: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3146:. Archived from 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3120:. Archived from 3118:"Women In Sport" 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3092:"Roll of Honour" 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3072:on 27 April 2009 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3017:. Archived from 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2974: 2968: 2963:Horn, Geoffrey. 2961: 2955: 2954: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2895:. Archived from 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2847:. 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Davis 1071: 1065: 1060: 1045: 1040: 1019: 1014: 1002: 997: 989: 984: 975: 973: 971: 953:Australian Open 949: 943: 938: 927: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 901: 899: 893: 885: 883: 881: 879: 862: 856: 851: 836: 834: 829: 824: 819: 804: 796: 791: 782: 780: 744:Otway Woodhouse 725: 719: 717:1881: U.S. Open 714: 703: 696: 691: 683: 676: 668: 664: 643: 637: 635:1877: Wimbledon 625:Australian Open 605: 603:The Four Majors 600: 595: 567: 427: 419:squash racquets 410: 407: 405: 403: 380:Age of Napoleon 264:King Charles IX 232:In 1437 at the 223: 181: 160: 148:Suzanne Lenglen 144:Vinnie Richards 87:Falkland Palace 71: 68: 65: 62: 12: 11: 5: 4655: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4536:Figure skating 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4448: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4425: 4415: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4363:South American 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4302:Youth Olympics 4299: 4294: 4288: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4243:World Team Cup 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4166:WTA 125 series 4163: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4047:Singles finals 4044: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4007: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3833:Controversies 3831: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3763:Scoring system 3759: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3645:on 18 May 2007 3630: 3621: 3600: 3574: 3563:on 19 May 2004 3548: 3527: 3507: 3502:Newspapers.com 3481: 3469: 3449: 3414: 3390: 3367: 3346: 3316: 3290: 3278: 3252: 3241:. daviscup.com 3230: 3194: 3182: 3161: 3135: 3109: 3083: 3066:"The Trophies" 3057: 3032: 3006: 2994: 2987: 2969: 2956: 2949: 2931: 2910: 2884: 2862: 2829: 2804: 2790: 2783: 2765: 2753: 2732: 2711: 2700: 2685: 2673: 2654: 2633: 2614: 2612:, 22 June 2005 2605:Tyzack, Anna, 2598: 2585: 2575:, p. 21, 2561: 2549: 2537: 2528: 2516: 2509: 2482: 2469: 2450: 2443: 2416: 2401: 2383: 2368: 2361: 2337: 2315: 2308: 2284: 2277: 2259: 2252: 2228: 2221: 2197: 2185:Etymonline.com 2172: 2157:The Sugarman. 2149: 2126: 2097: 2075: 2054: 2018: 2004: 1989: 1982: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1890: 1887: 1875:James Van Alen 1870: 1867: 1818:In the famous 1812:Virginia Slims 1804:Gladys Heldman 1783:Françoise Dürr 1721:Mary K. Browne 1712: 1709: 1673: 1670: 1629: 1626: 1576:1972 Wimbledon 1559:Clark Graebner 1537: 1534: 1506:Main article: 1503: 1500: 1488:Dennis Ralston 1484:Cliff Drysdale 1476:Pierre Barthès 1456:Handsome Eight 1399: 1396: 1324: 1321: 1292:, held at the 1282:Main article: 1279: 1276: 1246:Main article: 1243: 1240: 1232:Mary K. Browne 1207: 1204: 1169:Main article: 1166: 1163: 1147:James Van Alen 1126: 1123: 1067:Main article: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1048:Melbourne Park 1008: 982:Surface change 978: 962: 958:Melbourne Park 945:Main article: 942: 939: 935: 934: 929: 903: 891:Surface change 887: 870: 858:Main article: 855: 852: 848: 847: 842: 813: 789:Surface change 785: 771: 721:Main article: 718: 715: 711: 710: 705: 685: 670: 655: 639:Main article: 636: 633: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 589: 585: 581: 578: 575: 566: 563: 485:Leamington Spa 473:Augurio Perera 454:William Hickey 434:Augurio Perera 426: 423: 400: 393:An epitaph in 386:, through the 222: 219: 180: 177: 159: 156: 89:in Fife where 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4654: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4576:Rowing sports 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4566:Rock climbing 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4434: 4426: 4424: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4322:Mediterranean 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4274: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4063: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3625: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3537: 3531: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3492: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3356: 3350: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3240: 3234: 3226: 3220: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3003: 2998: 2990: 2988:9789065503794 2984: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2952: 2950:9780313294907 2946: 2942: 2935: 2920: 2914: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2872: 2866: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2841:"Our History" 2836: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2801:. Blackburne. 2800: 2794: 2786: 2784:9781851243181 2780: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2742: 2736: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2704: 2696: 2689: 2683:– Mary Bellis 2682: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2643: 2637: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2595: 2589: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2565: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2512: 2510:0-394-49940-9 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2486: 2480:, p. 143 2479: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2446: 2444:0-394-49940-9 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2402:9780706405231 2398: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2364: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2341: 2325: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2288: 2280: 2274: 2270: 2263: 2255: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2232: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2201: 2186: 2182: 2176: 2160: 2153: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2111: 2104: 2102: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2064: 2058: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2014: 2008: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1903:Tennis portal 1898: 1893: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1859:Sony Ericsson 1856: 1852: 1849:(1996–2000), 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1764:Karol Fageros 1761: 1760:Althea Gibson 1757: 1756:Pancho Segura 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1729:Mary Hardwick 1726: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568:Jimmy Connors 1563: 1562:Prix events. 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1509: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460:John Newcombe 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1432:Andrés Gimeno 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416:Owen Davidson 1413: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1317:Wimbledon Pro 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1294:Wembley Arena 1291: 1285: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1249: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1131: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1083:Great Britain 1080: 1079:United States 1076: 1070: 1063:The Davis Cup 1055: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1036:. In 1912 at 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1001: 996: 993: 988: 983: 979: 977: 970: 966: 965: 961: 959: 954: 948: 933: 930: 928: 925: 908: 904: 902: 897: 892: 888: 886: 878: 874: 873: 869: 867: 861: 846: 843: 841: 840: 833: 828: 823: 818: 814: 812: 811: 808: 803: 800: 795: 790: 786: 784: 779: 775: 774: 770: 768: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 745: 740: 738: 734: 730: 724: 709: 706: 704: 701: 700: 695: 690: 686: 684: 681: 680: 675: 671: 669: 666: 663: 659: 658: 654: 651: 647: 642: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 586: 582: 579: 576: 572: 571: 570: 562: 559: 555: 551: 549: 545: 540: 536: 532: 526: 524: 520: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499: 493: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 465: 462: 460: 459:bowling green 455: 446: 439: 435: 431: 422: 420: 416: 409: 398: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 366: 362: 358: 355:, written by 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 333: 328: 319: 312: 307: 300: 295: 291: 289: 285: 281: 280:Hampton Court 277: 273: 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 239: 235: 230: 228: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 199: 190: 185: 176: 174: 173:King Henry IV 170: 165: 155: 151: 149: 145: 140: 135: 133: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 110: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 83: 81: 77: 57: 51: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 25: 20: 16: 4605: 4581:Rugby league 4556:Martial arts 4531:Field hockey 4358:Pan American 4312:Commonwealth 4238:Wightman Cup 4134:WTA rankings 4081:ATP rankings 4065:Professional 3965:double fault 3950:Passing shot 3935:Groundstroke 3847:Match fixing 3702: 3647:. 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