1183:
1282:
2994:
1467:, blamed the Jews for the riots and issued a series of harsh restrictions on Jewish movements, but large numbers of pogroms continued until 1884, with at least tacit government approval. The pogroms proved a turning point in the history of the Jews in Poland, and throughout the world. They prompted a great flood of Jewish immigration to the United States, with almost two million Jews leaving the Pale by the late 1920s, and the pogroms set the stage for
44:
52:
1824:
1126:
1836:
1137:
1297:
in an attempt to develop a coherent approach to the Empire's new Jewish population. The
Committee in 1804 suggested a number of steps that were designed to encourage Jews to assimilate, though it did not force them to do so. It proposed that Jews be allowed to attend school and even to own land, but
1298:
it restricted them from entering Russia, banned them from the brewing industry, and included a number of other prohibitions. The more enlightened parts of this policy were never fully implemented, and the conditions of the Jews in the Pale gradually worsened. In the 1820s, the
1447:, they were still restricted to the Pale of Settlement and subject to restrictions on ownership and profession. In 1881, however, the status-quo was shattered with the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, which was falsely blamed on the Jews.
1278:, restricting Jews to the western parts of the empire, which would eventually include much Poland although it excluded some areas in which Jews had previously lived. By the late 19th century, over four million Jews would live in the Pale.
1590:
was killed by
Russian soldiers during a Polish demonstration in Warsaw, 1861. Although Christians weren't allowed by the police to participate in his burial, Michał Landy became soon a powerful symbol of Polish Jewish brotherhood.
1526:
By the late 19th century, Haskalah and the debates it caused created a growing number of political movements within the Jewish community itself, covering a wide range of views and vying for votes in local and regional elections.
1265:
Official
Russian policy would eventually prove to be substantially harsher to the Jews than that under independent Polish rule. The lands that had once been Poland were to remain the home of many Jews, as, in 1772,
1506:, pushed for assimilation and integration into Russian culture. At the same time, there was another school of Jewish thought that emphasized traditional study and a Jewish response to the ethical problems of
1306:
kept the traditional double taxation on Jews in lieu of army service, while actually requiring all Jewish communities to produce boys to serve in the military, where they were often forced to convert.
1294:
1567:
1515:
1293:
Initially, Russian policy towards the Jews of Poland was confused, alternating between harsh rules and somewhat more enlightened policies. In 1802, the Tsar established the
1548:
975:
1398:
until its closure in 1862. Jews and
Christians worked as teachers. Altogether about one thousand Jews graduated from the rabbinical school. The school inspired
1861:
1605:
79:
1813:
1560:
840:
2663:
656:
1463:
twelve Jews were killed, many others were wounded, and women were raped while over two million rubles worth of property was destroyed. The new czar,
3024:
725:
2668:
1204:
1164:
661:
1260:
2613:
2184:
2673:
1101:
666:
99:
1942:
1552:
1421:
meals and were generally pressed to abandon their religion. It did not help matters that the school inspector was a catholic priest, the
1040:
2774:
1876:
1866:
1618:
1610:
94:
84:
1317:
for Jewish male youth founded in 1826 on the basis of the Tsar's decree of July 1, 1825 and existed until the school year 1860/1861.
1256:
1574:
Jews joined also Polish struggles for an independent Poland. Many Jews participated in a number of Polish insurrections against the
874:
540:
1881:
1806:
1623:
935:
1745:
The Great Jewish Cities of
Central and Eastern Europe. A Travel Guide and Resource Book to Prague, Warsaw, Crakow, and Budapest
327:
495:
1444:
286:
246:
651:
3003:
2997:
1828:
1799:
1157:
122:
1932:
1907:
371:
346:
1927:
1688:
1514:. Though the Jews in the Pale were generally poorer and less educated than in other areas, they were still part of the
1502:, began to take hold in Poland during the 19th century, stressing secular ideas and values. Champions of Haskalah, the
1233:
1106:
1055:
366:
2658:
1937:
1756:
1727:
1696:
1633:
1252:
1229:
425:
376:
59:
1660:
1200:
2648:
1067:
641:
112:
1922:
1912:
1897:
381:
361:
351:
336:
3029:
2764:
1777:
268:
2804:
1417:’ circles. Throughout Eisenbaum's tenure at the school, rumors abounded that boys attending the school were fed
2854:
1150:
862:
25:
2749:
1062:
800:
570:
440:
3034:
2779:
2134:
1917:
1902:
1844:
1600:
396:
356:
33:
2754:
2719:
940:
2739:
2244:
2078:
960:
884:
850:
470:
204:
149:
2734:
2495:
1050:
2794:
2789:
2759:
2598:
1475:
965:
945:
909:
899:
889:
855:
676:
2799:
2540:
525:
500:
410:
2729:
2583:
1084:
1015:
955:
904:
420:
221:
780:
460:
445:
2809:
2239:
1628:
1195:
950:
914:
894:
159:
144:
2724:
520:
2938:
2568:
2214:
1310:
1000:
590:
430:
341:
1379:
Jewish elite: entrepreneurs, merchants, scientists, journalists, artists and patrons of the arts.
2769:
2744:
2689:
2573:
2530:
2159:
2139:
2028:
1464:
1005:
820:
715:
686:
530:
209:
164:
154:
2545:
1719:
1713:
985:
450:
2966:
2351:
2224:
1432:. Worse yet, the school's instructor of Hebrew and Bible was Abraham Buchner, like Eisenbaum a
1425:
1079:
1072:
580:
545:
490:
435:
1748:
1579:
550:
2653:
2234:
2219:
2194:
1781:
1089:
646:
610:
605:
595:
480:
169:
750:
2588:
2519:
2501:
2371:
2229:
1583:
1479:
1460:
1303:
1239:
1020:
2889:
2578:
2341:
2321:
1010:
600:
465:
8:
2412:
2407:
2366:
2331:
2204:
2149:
1956:
1395:
1391:
1365:
1267:
415:
69:
2480:
1487:
785:
740:
2555:
2422:
2326:
2169:
2103:
2038:
1791:
1483:
1422:
1399:
1314:
1275:
1094:
924:
535:
1587:
515:
43:
2507:
2417:
2376:
2043:
2003:
1752:
1723:
1692:
1437:
1407:
1403:
1375:. Supplementary classes were planned for them. Most of the graduates formed Warsaw's
1333:
775:
615:
585:
405:
296:
2840:
2356:
2285:
2973:
2699:
2593:
2386:
2381:
2280:
2179:
2098:
2088:
1540:
1414:
1025:
815:
696:
51:
2628:
2603:
1030:
825:
795:
770:
735:
2959:
2931:
2826:
2563:
2432:
2361:
1993:
1556:
1387:
1383:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
995:
755:
575:
565:
560:
555:
505:
485:
455:
174:
2316:
1459:
throughout 1881–1884. In the 1881 outbreak, pogroms also occurred in Russia, in
2833:
2784:
2513:
2474:
2452:
2437:
2427:
2391:
2306:
2275:
2063:
2018:
1665:
1575:
1536:
1511:
1361:
1299:
1129:
1125:
810:
760:
745:
475:
308:
258:
137:
3018:
2924:
2868:
2694:
2623:
2550:
2486:
2068:
1685:
From
Assimilation to Antisemitism. The "Jewish Question" in Poland, 1850-1914
1376:
1321:
1309:
One of the most important events of that period was the establishment of the
1140:
1136:
990:
879:
830:
790:
765:
691:
1474:
An even bloodier wave of pogroms broke out from 1903 to 1906, including the
2945:
2861:
2847:
2442:
2336:
2301:
2254:
2093:
1978:
1507:
1455:
The assassination prompted a large-scale wave of anti-Jewish riots, called
867:
805:
236:
132:
1182:
291:
2447:
2346:
2311:
2113:
2053:
2008:
1337:
510:
301:
1566:
1281:
1973:
1532:
1246:
241:
2903:
2875:
1544:
1341:
189:
2980:
2917:
2270:
1983:
1503:
1499:
1433:
253:
1490:(April 1906). Hundreds of Jews were killed and many more wounded.
2952:
2896:
1835:
1528:
1468:
1456:
1325:
1271:
194:
1823:
2882:
1429:
1371:
Only a few graduates dedicated themselves to the profession of
1329:
1286:
263:
2910:
1418:
1372:
231:
184:
179:
1443:
Though the Jews were accorded slightly more rights with the
1413:
The Warsaw
Rabbinical School was bitterly criticized by the
1360:. The graduates from the School were members of the Jewish
199:
1320:
In four school years the following subjects were taught:
1821:
1555:(People's Party) which supported assimilation and the
1436:, who taught Hebrew using Chiarini's grammar and used
1382:
The founding committee appointed by the government of
1606:
History of the Jews in Poland before the 18th century
1247:
Jews of Poland within the
Russian Empire (1795–1918)
1394:from its founding until his death in 1852, then by
3016:
1521:
1261:History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union
1807:
1243:), until the beginning of the 20th century.
1158:
1531:became very popular with the advent of the
1510:and persecution, one form of which was the
1814:
1800:
1619:History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland
1615:History of the Jews in 19th-century Poland
1611:History of the Jews in 18th-century Poland
1226:history of the Jews in 19th-century Poland
1165:
1151:
1771:
1257:History of the Jews in the Russian Empire
1715:History of the Jews in Russia and Poland
1655:
1653:
1651:
1565:
1295:Committee on the Improvement of the Jews
1280:
3025:History of the Jews in Poland by period
2682:
1678:
1676:
1328:(commentaries on the Holy Scriptures),
3017:
1772:Opalski, Magdalena; Barṭal, Yiśraʼel.
1742:
1711:
1390:. The rabbinical school was headed by
2669:Union of Jewish Religious Communities
1795:
1682:
1648:
662:Union of Jewish Religious Communities
1774:Poles and Jews: A Failed Brotherhood
1747:. Rowman & Littlefield. p.
1673:
1624:Jewish-Polish history (1989–present)
1386:consisted of three Poles, including
1176:
13:
1689:Northern Illinois University Press
1056:Anti-Fascist Military Organisation
14:
3046:
2659:Jewish Community Centre of Krakow
1634:Timeline of Jewish-Polish history
1516:debate over the future of Judaism
1068:Resistance movements in Auschwitz
652:Jewish Community Centre of Kraków
2993:
2992:
2649:Central Committee of Polish Jews
1834:
1822:
1181:
1135:
1124:
642:Central Committee of Polish Jews
50:
42:
1778:University Press of New England
1539:, and the increasingly popular
1535:party as well as the religious
1402:attitudes. Some students, like
1285:Jewish children in a street of
269:Zionist Socialist Workers Party
2855:Der Beobachter an der Weichsel
1765:
1736:
1705:
1561:Revolutionary Movement of 1905
1234:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1232:from the dismemberment of the
1:
2135:Chanokh Heynekh of Aleksander
1641:
1601:History of the Jews in Poland
1570:A Bundist demonstration, 1917
1559:. Many Jews took part in the
1253:History of Poland (1795–1918)
2245:Yaakov Yitzchak of Peshischa
1522:Politics in Polish territory
1428:, a notorious critic of the
7:
1683:Weeks, Theodore R. (2006).
1594:
1493:
1445:emancipation reform of 1861
1194:to comply with Knowledge's
1107:Righteous Among the Nations
1063:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
10:
3051:
2584:Operation Harvest Festival
1830:Jews and Judaism in Poland
1549:General Jewish Labour Bund
1498:The Jewish Enlightenment,
1450:
1440:'s Biblical commentaries.
1274:of Russia, instituted the
1250:
1085:Jewish Combat Organization
1016:Operation Harvest Festival
3005:List of active synagogues
3002: .
2990:
2818:
2712:
2641:
2612:
2529:
2465:
2400:
2294:
2263:
2240:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
2127:
1966:
1955:
1890:
1854:
1843:
1629:Hasidic Judaism in Poland
1051:Białystok Ghetto uprising
2939:Lodzer Naje Folkscajtung
2215:Menachem Mendel of Kotzk
2199:Saba Kadisha of Radzymin
2064:Shalom Shachna of Lublin
1718:. Avotaynu Inc. p.
1486:(October 1905), and the
1207:may contain suggestions.
1192:may need to be rewritten
526:Old Synagogue (Przemyśl)
501:New Synagogue (Przemyśl)
16:Aspect of Jewish history
2690:Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva
2160:Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter
2140:Avraham Mordechai Alter
2029:Aaron Samuel Kaidanover
1586:(1863). Jewish student
1102:Rescue of Jews by Poles
687:Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva
3030:19th century in Poland
2770:Okopowa Street, Warsaw
2225:Mordechai Yosef Leiner
1712:Dubnow, Simon (2000).
1571:
1290:
1080:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1073:Auschwitz Combat Group
521:Old Synagogue (Kraków)
496:New Synagogue (Ostrów)
441:Great Synagogue (Łódź)
2654:Council of Four Lands
2235:Elimelech of Lizhensk
2220:Gershon Henoch Leiner
2195:Yaakov Aryeh Guterman
1569:
1518:in the 19th century.
1284:
1230:Jewish-Polish history
1228:covers the period of
1090:Jewish Military Union
927:and mass murder sites
647:Council of Four Lands
3035:19th-century Judaism
2674:Vaad Rosh Hashochtim
2372:Abraham Silberschein
2230:Shmuel Shlomo Leiner
1743:Valley, Eli (1999).
1584:January Insurrection
1543:. Jews also took up
1482:(October 1905), the
1240:Partitions of Poland
667:Vaad Rosh Hashochtim
2413:Shmuel Yankev Imber
2408:Yechiel Granatstein
2367:Adam Daniel Rotfeld
2332:Maksymilian Horwitz
2205:Ben Zion Halberstam
2150:Yitzchak Meir Alter
1580:Kościuszko Uprising
1434:radical enlightener
1406:, took part in the
1332:, general history,
841:Concentration camps
60:Historical Timeline
34:History of Jews and
2664:Judaica Foundation
2327:Apolinary Hartglas
2170:Avrohom Bornsztain
2104:David HaLevi Segal
2079:Moses ha-Levi Minz
2039:Yitzhak-Meir Levin
1572:
1478:(April 1903), the
1423:Christian Hebraist
1315:Junior High School
1291:
1276:Pale of Settlement
936:Auschwitz-Birkenau
657:Judaica Foundation
471:Kowea Itim le-Tora
3012:
3011:
2967:Włocławker Sztyme
2708:
2707:
2637:
2636:
2615:Post-World War II
2461:
2460:
2418:Julian Kornhauser
2377:Stefan Staszewski
2342:Józef Lewartowski
2322:Bronisław Geremek
2185:Shmuel Bornsztain
2044:Yaakov Lorberbaum
2004:Aryeh Tzvi Frumer
1951:
1950:
1408:November Uprising
1404:Stanislas Hernisz
1364:related with the
1334:history of Poland
1311:Rabbinical School
1289:, Poland in 1897.
1222:
1221:
1196:quality standards
1175:
1174:
1117:
1116:
705:
704:
317:
316:
297:Jewish Autonomism
133:Polish-Ashkenazim
36:Judaism in Poland
3042:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2974:Wloclawker Weker
2700:Novardok Yeshiva
2680:
2679:
2616:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2487:Cossack riots -
2387:Szmul Zygielbojm
2382:Roman Zambrowski
2281:Herman Lieberman
2180:Dovid Bornsztain
2099:Moshe Rosenstain
2089:Meir Dan Plotzky
1964:
1963:
1959:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1582:(1794), and the
1578:, including the
1541:General Zionists
1488:Białystok pogrom
1461:a riot in Warsaw
1396:Jakub Tugendhold
1392:Antoni Eisenbaum
1217:
1214:
1208:
1185:
1177:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1139:
1134:
1128:
722:
721:
697:Novardok Yeshiva
635:
634:
421:Chabad-Lubavitch
119:
118:
68:
64:
54:
49:
46:
21:
20:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2986:
2960:The Jewish Word
2932:Lubliner Sztyme
2827:Arbeiter Fragen
2814:
2704:
2678:
2633:
2614:
2608:
2599:Valley of Death
2569:Kielce Cemetery
2531:
2525:
2467:
2457:
2433:Yosef Rosenthal
2396:
2362:Roman Romkowski
2290:
2259:
2154:Chidushei Harim
2123:
1994:Meir Eisenstadt
1957:
1947:
1913:Gdańsk (Danzig)
1886:
1845:
1839:
1829:
1820:
1790:
1789:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1681:
1674:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1644:
1597:
1557:rights of labor
1524:
1496:
1476:Kishinev pogrom
1453:
1388:Stefan Witwicki
1384:Congress Poland
1263:
1251:Main articles:
1249:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1199:
1186:
1171:
1132:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1035:
1001:Kielce Cemetery
970:
966:Valley of Death
919:
835:
719:
718:
707:
706:
701:
671:
632:
631:
622:
621:
620:
426:Chachmei Lublin
400:
399:
388:
387:
386:
331:
330:
319:
318:
313:
273:
216:
175:Izhbitza-Radzin
116:
115:
104:
66:
62:
47:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3010:
3009:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2841:Chełmer Sztyme
2837:
2834:Arbeiterstimme
2830:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2475:Alfonse Pogrom
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2453:Lidia Zamenhof
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:Artur Sandauer
2435:
2430:
2428:Roman Polanski
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2392:Jakub Wygodzki
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Noach Pryłucki
2354:
2352:Roza Pomerantz
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Jerzy Borejsza
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2286:Noach Pryłucki
2283:
2278:
2276:Herman Diamand
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2147:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2058:Maharam Lublin
2051:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2019:Moses Isserles
2016:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1764:
1757:
1735:
1728:
1704:
1697:
1691:. p. 29.
1672:
1666:Virtual Shtetl
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1596:
1593:
1576:Russian Empire
1537:Polish Mizrahi
1523:
1520:
1512:Musar movement
1495:
1492:
1452:
1449:
1426:Luigi Chiarini
1362:intelligentsia
1300:Cantonist Laws
1248:
1245:
1220:
1219:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1130:Judaism portal
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
979:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
932:
929:
928:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:Kraków-Płaszów
872:
871:
870:
860:
859:
858:
847:
844:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
732:
729:
728:
720:
714:
713:
712:
709:
708:
703:
702:
700:
699:
694:
689:
683:
680:
679:
673:
672:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
638:
633:
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
446:High Synagogue
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
402:
401:
395:
394:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
333:
332:
326:
325:
324:
321:
320:
315:
314:
312:
311:
309:Reform Judaism
306:
305:
304:
294:
289:
283:
280:
279:
275:
274:
272:
271:
266:
261:
259:Lovers of Zion
256:
251:
250:
249:
239:
234:
228:
225:
224:
218:
217:
215:
214:
213:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
142:
141:
140:
138:Musar movement
129:
126:
125:
117:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:
73:
72:
56:
55:
39:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3047:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3007:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:Kaliszer Woch
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2869:Folkstsaytung
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Lomza Yeshiva
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:Organizations
2640:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:Easter Pogrom
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:The Holocaust
2528:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:Kedushas Zion
2206:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:Shem MiShmuel
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:Solomon Luria
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:Shmuel Eidels
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Early history
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1758:9780765760005
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1729:1-886223-11-4
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1698:9780875803524
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:anti-semitism
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:Odessa pogrom
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:Alexander III
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Orthodox Jews
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:Old Testament
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1213:November 2012
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1190:This article
1188:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:Poland portal
1138:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:Oyneg Shabbos
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:Easter Pogrom
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
980:
977:
974:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
857:
854:
853:
852:
849:
848:
846:
845:
842:
839:
838:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
730:
727:
724:
723:
717:
716:The Holocaust
711:
710:
698:
695:
693:
692:Lomza Yeshiva
690:
688:
685:
684:
682:
681:
678:
675:
674:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
637:
636:
630:Organizations
626:
625:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
398:
392:
391:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
329:
323:
322:
310:
307:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
281:
277:
276:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
226:
223:
220:
219:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
128:
127:
124:
121:
120:
114:
108:
107:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
80:Early history
78:
77:
75:
74:
71:
61:
58:
57:
53:
45:
41:
40:
37:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2946:Lodzer Veker
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2862:Folks-Sztyme
2860:
2853:
2848:Der Arbeyter
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2819:Publications
2730:Chełm-Gdańsk
2556:
2488:
2443:Julian Tuwim
2337:Alfred Lampe
2317:Paweł Finder
2302:Jakub Berman
2255:Meir Shapiro
2249:Yid HaKadosh
2248:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2173:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2117:
2107:
2094:Jacob Pollak
2083:Maharam Minz
2082:
2072:
2057:
2047:
2032:
2022:
2012:
1997:
1987:
1979:Solomon Eger
1882:1989–present
1877:20th century
1872:19th century
1871:
1867:18th century
1833:
1827:
1773:
1767:
1744:
1738:
1714:
1707:
1684:
1664:
1588:Michał Landy
1573:
1525:
1497:
1473:
1454:
1442:
1412:
1381:
1370:
1366:assimilation
1319:
1308:
1304:Tsar Nicolas
1292:
1268:Catherine II
1264:
1237:
1225:
1223:
1210:
1201:You can help
1191:
868:Mittelsteine
436:Ezras Israel
237:Brit HaHayal
100:1989–present
95:20th century
90:19th century
89:
85:18th century
70:List of Jews
18:
2557:Grossaktion
2546:Częstochowa
2496:Częstochowa
2468:and Pogroms
2448:Jerzy Urban
2423:Louis Meyer
2347:Hilary Minc
2312:Ludwik Dorn
2295:Politicians
2174:Avnei Nezer
2114:Joel Sirkis
2054:Meir Lublin
2009:Joshua Falk
1998:Maharam Ash
1484:Kiev pogrom
1438:Mendelssohn
1377:progressive
1338:mathematics
986:Częstochowa
925:Death camps
863:Gross-Rosen
821:Stanisławów
751:Częstochowa
606:Wolf Popper
596:White Stork
511:Nomer Tamid
302:Folkspartei
3019:Categories
2890:Głos Bundu
2790:Tarnobrzeg
2713:Cemeteries
2489:Tach VeTat
2144:Imrei Emes
2073:Maharashal
1974:Akiva Eger
1780:. p.
1642:References
1547:, forming
1533:Poale Zion
1368:movement.
1302:passed by
1238:see also:
1041:Resistance
451:Inowrocław
397:Synagogues
247:Komverband
242:Poale Zion
205:Sochatchov
150:Aleksander
2904:Ha-Tsfira
2876:Folkswort
2720:Białystok
2594:Szczuczyn
2541:Białystok
2481:Białystok
2466:Massacres
2164:Sfas Emes
2033:Maharshak
1908:Białystok
1661:"History"
1553:Folksists
1545:socialism
1410:of 1831.
1400:patriotic
1342:geography
1205:talk page
1026:Szczuczyn
976:Massacres
961:Treblinka
885:Poniatowa
851:Auschwitz
816:Sosnowiec
786:Nowy Sącz
741:Białystok
551:Przedbórz
536:Piaskower
416:Bydgoszcz
347:Białystok
190:Peshischa
2999:Category
2981:Zibn teg
2918:In Kampf
2810:Wrzeszcz
2780:Oświęcim
2765:Obrzycko
2735:Chrzanów
2683:Yeshivas
2589:Radziłów
2564:Jedwabne
2508:Naliboki
2271:Emil Byk
1988:Maharsha
1595:See also
1551:and the
1504:Maskilim
1500:Haskalah
1494:Haskalah
1021:Radziłów
996:Jedwabne
946:Majdanek
910:Trawniki
900:Stutthof
890:Potulice
880:Lipowa 7
856:Monowitz
801:Piotrków
756:Frysztak
677:Yeshivas
541:Piotrków
531:Oświęcim
292:Haskalah
254:HeHalutz
123:Orthodox
26:a series
24:Part of
2953:Midrasz
2897:Ha-Asif
2805:Wrocław
2800:Wiślica
2740:Cieszyn
2574:Tykocin
2514:Przytyk
2401:Writers
2264:Lawyers
2048:Nesivos
1903:Beuthen
1891:By city
1846:History
1529:Zionism
1469:Zionism
1457:pogroms
1451:Pogroms
1326:Midrash
1272:tzarina
1006:Tykocin
956:Sobibor
941:Chełmno
905:Szebnie
811:Siedlce
761:Gorlice
746:Brzesko
726:Ghettos
616:Zasanie
601:Włodawa
586:Tykocin
581:Szydłów
546:Pińczów
491:Maharam
466:Końskie
406:Bielsko
342:Beuthen
287:Bundism
222:Zionist
195:Radomsk
160:Bluzhev
145:Hasidim
65:•
2883:Forojs
2795:Warsaw
2775:Ostrów
2760:Lublin
2750:Krakow
2745:Kielce
2725:Bródno
2629:Kraków
2624:Kielce
2604:Wąsosz
2559:Warsaw
2522:(1881)
2520:Warsaw
2516:(1936)
2510:(1943)
2504:(1918)
2502:Kielce
2498:(1902)
2492:(1684)
2483:(1906)
2477:(1905)
2128:Rebbes
1967:Rabbis
1958:People
1943:Wieluń
1928:Łęczna
1923:Kraków
1918:Kalisz
1898:Adamów
1855:By era
1755:
1726:
1695:
1430:Talmud
1358:French
1354:German
1350:Polish
1346:Hebrew
1330:Talmud
1287:Warsaw
1270:, the
1259:, and
1203:. The
1133:
1031:Wąsosz
951:Belzec
915:Warsaw
895:Soldau
831:Warsaw
826:Tarnów
796:Opatów
791:Olkusz
771:Kraków
766:Kielce
736:Będzin
611:Zamość
591:Warsaw
481:Łańcut
431:Danzig
382:Wieluń
367:Łęczna
362:Kraków
357:Kalisz
352:Gdańsk
337:Adamów
328:Cities
264:Tarbut
113:Groups
67:
63:
48:
28:on the
2911:Haynt
2579:Dynów
1938:Łuków
1419:treyf
1373:rabbi
1011:Dynów
806:Radom
781:Mińsk
776:Łomża
576:Stolp
571:Stara
566:Sejny
556:Radom
516:Nożyk
506:Nisko
486:Lesko
461:Jasło
456:Izaak
411:Bobov
377:Łuków
278:Other
232:Betar
210:Vurka
185:Lelov
180:Kotzk
165:Bobov
155:Biala
2785:Rema
2755:Łódź
2118:Bach
2023:Rema
1933:Łódź
1753:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1356:and
1313:, a
1224:The
561:Rema
476:Kupa
372:Łódź
200:Sanz
2108:Taz
2013:Sma
1749:203
1720:342
170:Ger
3021::
1782:44
1776:.
1751:.
1722:.
1687:.
1675:^
1663:.
1650:^
1563:.
1471:.
1352:,
1348:,
1344:,
1340:,
1336:,
1324:,
1255:,
2251:)
2247:(
2211:)
2207:(
2201:)
2197:(
2191:)
2187:(
2176:)
2172:(
2166:)
2162:(
2156:)
2152:(
2146:)
2142:(
2120:)
2116:(
2110:)
2106:(
2085:)
2081:(
2075:)
2071:(
2060:)
2056:(
2050:)
2046:(
2035:)
2031:(
2025:)
2021:(
2015:)
2011:(
2000:)
1996:(
1990:)
1986:(
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1784:.
1761:.
1732:.
1701:.
1669:.
1236:(
1215:)
1211:(
1198:.
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
