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225:, (1180–1223) he commissioned a three-meter-high wall that fully enclosed the cemetery. This was done to limit outsiders coming in and to separate it from market activities located nearby. Les Innocents had begun as a cemetery with individual sepulchers, but by then had become a site for mass graves. People were buried together in the same pit (a pit could hold about 1,500 dead at a time); only when it was full would another be opened.
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to move the parish cemeteries out of the city were resisted by the church, which was operating from burial fees. To reduce the number of burials, the price of burials was increased. After a prolonged period of rain in spring 1780, conditions became untenable. On 4 September 1780, an edict forbade
274:
was painted on the back wall of the arcade below the charnel house on the south side of the cemetery. It was one of the earliest and best-known depictions of this theme. It was destroyed in 1669 when this wall was demolished to allow the narrow road behind it to be widened.
324:, inspectors recorded accounts of the difficulties in conducting business in the area due to the unsanitary conditions of the cemetery, caused by overuse and incomplete decomposition of bodies.
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335:
Bodies were exhumed and the bones were moved to the
Catacombs in 1786. Many bodies had incompletely decomposed and had reduced into large deposits of fat ("corpse wax", or
309:, that had withered for months, began to green again near an image of the Virgin. That was interpreted by Parisians as a sign of divine blessing and approval to the
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176:. It was closed because of overuse in 1780, and in 1786 the remaining corpses were exhumed and transported to the unused subterranean quarries near
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that was used from the Middle Ages until the late 18th century. It was the oldest and largest cemetery in Paris and had often been used for
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along the cemetery walls to relieve the overcrowding of the mass graves; bones from the graves were excavated and then deposited here.
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1127:
577:
Sophie
Oosterwijk (2008). "Of dead kings, dukes and constables. The historical context of the Danse Macabre in late-medieval Paris".
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370:, which had been erected in 1549 next to the church, was dismantled and rebuilt in the center of the new market. Now known as the "
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214:, and the associated church in the 12th century. It was located next to the central market (the original location of
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202:) from the attached church of the Holy Innocents that was demolished at the same time as the cemetery was cleared.
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until the eighteenth century the Holy
Innocents' Cemetery had been the repository of corpses from 22 parishes in
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The fountain as it appeared in 1791 when the French constitution was proclaimed on the Marché des
Innocents
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video game, set in 1789–94, as the cemetery is being closed down and the bodies moved to the catacombs.
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first encounters them, and they remain there until shortly before the cemetery is finally destroyed.
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The church was destroyed in 1787 and the cemetery was replaced by a herb and vegetable market. The
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The
Fontaine des Innocents at its original location in the 17th century (19th-century engraving)
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The cemetery and the
Catacombs to which the remains were relocated play an important part in
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The destruction of the church and removal of the cemetery at Les
Innocents is the subject of
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343:. During the exhumation, this fat was collected and subsequently turned into candles and
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The Holy
Innocents' Cemetery, c. 1550. The Church of the Holy Innocents, bordering the
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638:"Le massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy : l'obsession de la souillure hérétique"
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In the 14th and 15th centuries, citizens constructed arched structures called
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today as the present location contains buildings, arcades, and shops.
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burying corpses in Les
Innocents and in all other Paris cemeteries.
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coven of vampires resides in the Cimetière des
Innocents when
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The market in the area of the Holy Innocents cemetery in 1850
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The cemetery and its environs appear prominently in the
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In the Cemetery, on Sunday, 24 August 1572, at noon, a
302:) to study the bones there and bring it home with him.
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that was begun on the evening of the same day against
298:made several night visits in the cemetery (and the
551:"How the Paris Catacombs Solved a Cemetery Crisis"
579:Journal of the British Archaeological Association
576:
397:victims, and various unknowns who drowned in the
389:, including the remains of those who died at the
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210:Sources describe the burial ground, then called
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405:", for a total of about two million Parisians.
381:At its closure, it was estimated that from the
254:Between August 1424 and Lent 1425, during the
192:district now covers the site of the cemetery.
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195:The cemetery took its name (referring to the
572:
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1093:Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery
1204:Cemeteries established in the 12th century
1108:Lafayette Escadrille Cemetery and Memorial
1083:Aisne-Marne American Cemetery and Memorial
844:
830:
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262:ruled Paris as Regent after the deaths of
1153:St. Mihiel American Cemetery and Memorial
1128:Oise-Aisne American Cemetery and Memorial
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362:The Fontaine des Innocents today (detail)
851:
613:"Vesalius, the father of modern anatomy"
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1158:Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial
1123:Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial
1113:Lorraine American Cemetery and Memorial
1098:Brittany American Cemetery and Memorial
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538:https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=90224
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516:
514:
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1194:12th-century establishments in France
1103:Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial
825:
720:"You (posthumously) light up my life"
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1148:Somme American Cemetery and Memorial
1143:Rhone American Cemetery and Memorial
751:
415:
1184:Roman Catholic cemeteries in France
683:R.F. Ruttan, J.F. Marshall (1917).
525:"Cimetière des INNOCENTS (disparu)"
523:Philippe Landru (7 February 2008).
509:
13:
1088:Bény-sur-Mer Canadian War Cemetery
14:
1215:
1199:1780s disestablishments in France
771:
1138:Orry-la-Ville Dutch War Cemetery
1057:Protestant Cemetery, Montpellier
1005:
777:
549:Meier, Allison C. (2019-07-23).
27:
1118:Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery
1067:Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice
754:"Pure by Andrew Miller: review"
745:
730:
692:Journal of Biological Chemistry
663:"Paris' Les Innocents cemetery"
712:
685:"The Composition of Adipocere"
676:
655:
630:
605:
542:
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311:St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
162:Cimetière des Saints-Innocents
1:
1133:Orglandes German war cemetery
1052:Protestant Cemetery, Bordeaux
737:Trouilleux, Rodolphe (1997).
705:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86795-3
502:
345:soap made from human corpses
7:
232:Charnier with mural of the
168:) is a defunct cemetery in
10:
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752:Kyte, Holly (2011-06-16).
408:There are no signs of the
339:), chiefly in the form of
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1062:Jewish cemetery, Besançon
1014:
1003:
982:Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois
859:
741:. Parigramme. p. 11.
294:The well known anatomist
256:Anglo-Burgundian alliance
200:Massacre of the Innocents
144:
132:
93:
83:
71:
51:
46:
42:
26:
21:
16:Cemetery in Paris, France
1042:Marseille (Saint-Pierre)
724:Scientific American blog
591:10.1179/174767008x330563
461:Those Who Hunt the Night
376:Joachim-du-Bellay Square
158:Holy Innocents' Cemetery
22:Holy Innocents' Cemetery
784:Cimetière des Innocents
644:(in French). 2007-08-03
186:place Joachim-du-Bellay
166:Cimetière des Innocents
37:, is in the background.
428:Assassin's Creed Unity
374:", it still stands on
368:Fountain of the Nymphs
363:
355:
291:
283:
238:
1032:Lyon (La Guillotière)
1027:Grenoble (Saint Roch)
372:Fountain of Innocents
361:
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289:
281:
231:
853:Cemeteries in France
808:48.86056°N 2.34778°E
786:at Wikimedia Commons
320:During the reign of
300:Gibbet of Montfaucon
268:Charles VI of France
260:John Duke of Bedford
1179:Cemeteries in Paris
804: /
483:Lestat de Lioncourt
221:Under the reign of
113: /
1047:Reims (Saint-Remi)
1022:Cannes (Grand Jas)
474:The Vampire Lestat
364:
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264:Henry V of England
239:
1166:
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987:Sainte-Marguerite
932:Neuilly-sur-Seine
813:48.86056; 2.34778
782:Media related to
416:In modern fiction
403:Court of miracles
270:, a mural of the
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153:
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1189:History of Paris
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907:Levallois-Perret
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739:Unexplored Paris
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726:. 15 April 2011.
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117:48.860°N 2.349°E
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772:External links
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698:(2): 319–327.
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585:(1): 131–162.
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492:'s novel 1985
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458:'s novel 1988
456:Barbara Hambly
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327:Two edicts by
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410:charnel house
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341:palmitic acid
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317:in the city.
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307:hawthorn bush
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272:Danse Macabre
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122:48.860; 2.349
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1015:Other places
992:Saints-Pères
922:Montparnasse
896:
789:
758:. Retrieved
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666:. Retrieved
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621:. Retrieved
619:. 2017-01-24
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558:. Retrieved
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527:(in French).
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178:Montparnasse
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55:12th century
962:Saint-Denis
872:Batignolles
811: /
756:. Telegraph
668:February 6,
642:Le Monde.fr
555:JSTOR Daily
440:Costa prize
383:Middle Ages
174:mass graves
120: /
95:Coordinates
52:Established
1173:Categories
972:Saint-Ouen
917:Montmartre
796:48°51′38″N
760:2012-01-05
648:2022-12-22
623:2022-07-01
560:2022-07-01
503:References
444:2011 novel
391:Hôtel-Dieu
216:Les Halles
190:Les Halles
149:churchyard
138:not extant
105:48°51′36″N
927:Montrouge
912:Madeleine
877:Catacombs
799:2°20′52″E
599:154086960
469:Anne Rice
337:adipocere
329:Louis XVI
315:Huguenots
244:charniers
223:Philip II
212:Champeaux
182:Catacombs
160:(French:
108:2°20′56″E
937:Panthéon
892:Grenelle
882:Errancis
479:Armand's
471:'s 1985
442:winning
425:'s 2014
322:Louis XV
197:Biblical
136:Public (
72:Location
887:Gonards
867:Bagneux
495:Perfume
423:Ubisoft
206:History
188:in the
84:Country
65:Removed
47:Details
997:Thiais
957:Picpus
942:Pantin
597:
395:plague
184:. The
88:France
67:: 1786
61:: 1780
59:Closed
947:Passy
688:(PDF)
595:S2CID
399:Seine
387:Paris
258:when
170:Paris
145:Style
77:Paris
670:2011
448:Pure
266:and
156:The
133:Type
700:doi
587:doi
583:161
488:In
467:In
438:'s
247:or
218:).
164:or
1175::
722:.
696:29
694:.
690:.
640:.
615:.
593:.
581:.
569:^
553:.
511:^
477:,
393:,
378:.
347:.
845:e
838:t
831:v
763:.
708:.
702::
672:.
651:.
626:.
601:.
589::
563:.
464:.
451:.
140:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
