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659:, Homer G. Phillips was designed with seven stories to fit within the scale of the Ville neighborhood. A variety of roof shapes and polygonal ends on the patient wards add to the design of the building. The detailing on the building's exterior consists of a red granite base and terra cotta trim around windows and as a horizontal course around the buildings. Original secondary buildings, such as the nurses' building and lecture halls (connected to the main building via tunnel), are included as the part of hospital's designation on the National Register of Historic Places. However, a detached clinic built in 1960 is not included.
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black and poor, mostly from ages 15 to 20, and that in every case a nurse told the mother that her child had died but that she could not view the child's body. Because they had been prevented from seeing their reportedly dead children, these women suspect that there may have been a baby selling ring at the hospital. These claims were dismissed by U.S. Attorney
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reported that 18 women who gave birth at Homer G. Phillips and were told their babies had died during birth believe their children might be alive. Albert
Watkins, an attorney at law representing the women, says that the births occurred from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, that all of the mothers were
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official Ernest
Calloway said, "Giving up the hospital may be the price we have to pay for an integrated community." By the mid-1960s, efforts were underway to reduce services at the hospital or close it entirely. In the late 1960s, St. Louis city moved the neurological and psychiatric departments of
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clinic housed in an adjacent building. The community responded with protests, and more than a hundred police officers were required to control the crowd and to escort remaining patients out. William Lacy Clay, Sr. led opposition to the closure, and many in the community charged that the closure was
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to desegregate city hospitals, Homer G. Phillips began admitting patients regardless of race, color or religious beliefs. However, it remained a primarily black institution into the 1960s, by tradition and because of the ethnic character of its neighborhood. In 1960, each department of the hospital
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for allocation of funds to this purpose. Site acquisition resulted in the purchase of 6.3 acres in the Ville, the center of the black community of St. Louis. But, before construction could begin, Homer G. Phillips was shot and killed. Although two men were arrested and charged with the crime, they
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In
December 2001, renovations began on the main building through Robnett's development company, W.A.T. Dignity Corp., and Dominium Management Services, continuing through July 2003. The renovation project, led by architects of the Fleming Corporation, cost more than $ 42 million and produced a
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in 1982 for its significance in architecture, education and to black history. But in June 1985, Schoemehl ordered the closure of all municipal hospital services, both at City
Hospital and at the clinic at Homer G. Phillips. St. Louis area public hospital services were consolidated in nearby
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west of the
Mississippi River to serve the city's Black residents. By 1961, Homer G. Phillips Hospital had trained the "largest number of Black doctors and nurses in the world." It closed as a full-service hospital in 1979. While vacant, it was listed as a
631:. Homer G Phillips is a fully independent senior living facility for individuals age 55 plus. The Facility offers amenities which include a mini-mart grocery store, beauty and barber salon, computer lab, fully equipped exercise facility, and much more.
615:, but these efforts failed when agreements to lease the property stalled. The property was abandoned until 1991, when the city reopened the adjacent clinic. The former nurses' building behind the main hospital also was reopened as an addition to
475:. Speaking to the black community of St. Louis, Ickes noted that the hospital would help the community "achieve your rightful place in our economic system." It was renamed in 1942 from City Hospital #2 to Homer G. Phillips, in his honor.
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to take industrial jobs, yet the public City
Hospital served only whites, and had no facilities for black patients or staff. A group of black community leaders persuaded the city in 1919 to purchase a 177-bed hospital (formerly owned by
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220-unit supervised facility for the elderly, named Homer G. Phillips
Dignity House. In response to focus groups, the developers upgraded security measures at the site, including adding a perimeter fence, surveillance cameras, and
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In 1998, the daughter of
William Thomas, Sharon Thomas Robnett, renewed negotiations with the city to convert the building into a low-income nursing home and apartments for the elderly. She signed a 99-year lease on the property.
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racially motivated. Picketing and protests outside the hospital continued for more than a year after the closure, and a community group called
Campaign for Human Dignity was formed to continue the movement. Mayor
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of the central building was modified with a canopy entrance extension of the emergency room facilities, obscuring the first three stories of the building. All buildings in the complex are yellow brick with
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454:. The central building was finished between 1933 and 1935, while the two wings were finished between 1936 and 1937. The hospital was dedicated on February 22, 1937, with a parade and speeches by
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at
Garrison and Lawton avenues to serve African Americans. This hospital, denoted City Hospital #2, was inadequate to the needs of the more than 70,000 black St. Louisans. Local black attorney
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Homer G. Phillips to City Hospital, citing the low pay at Homer G. Phillips and distance from Washington University staff who were affiliated with City Hospital as reasons for the move.
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was elected mayor of St. Louis on a campaign promising to reopen Homer G. Phillips. Instead, Schoemehl deferred to the Conway task force. The next year, the hospital was listed on the
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When the bond issue was passed in 1923, the city refused to allocate funding for the hospital, instead advocating a segregated addition to the original City Hospital, located in the
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neighborhood and distant from the center of black population. Phillips again led the efforts to implement the original plan for a new hospital, successfully debating the St. Louis
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From 1964 until 1979, no other departments were moved. However, on August 17, 1979, St. Louis abruptly closed all departments at Homer G. Phillips Hospital except for a small
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commissioned a task force to study the issue of the hospital, but nothing resulted of the plan. The protests were ultimately unsuccessful in reopening the hospital.
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of city hospitals, and continued to serve the Black community of St. Louis until its closure in 1979. It was named for St. Louis lawyer and civil rights advocate
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As early as 1961, proposals were made to merge Homer G. Phillips with City Hospital. Although some leaders in the black community opposed the idea (such as
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connected to the central building (forming an X shape), a service and power plant building, and a nurses' residence behind the main building. The original
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Construction on the site began in October 1932, with the city initially using funds from the 1923 bond issue and later from the newly formed
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when medical records revealed that one of the parents had given birth at a different hospital and had abandoned her baby.
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Between 1910 and 1920, the black population of St. Louis increased by sixty percent, as rural migrants came North in the
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In 1988, developer William Thomas began negotiations to convert the former Homer G. Phillips Hospital into a
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in the United States, it was consistently underfunded and understaffed by the city. By 1948, its medical
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Architectural history and photographs of Homer G. Phillips before, during and after renovation
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In the midst of the protests, the hospital was listed by the St. Louis Board of Aldermen as a
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in February 1980. In 1981, after a contentious primary with incumbent Mayor Conway, Alderman
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from 1937 until 1955, when the city began to desegregate. It continued to operate after
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746:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for Homer G. Phillips Hospital"
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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Architect and preservationist Michael Allen's site on Homer G. Phillips Hospital
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National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis (city, A–L), Missouri
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was staffed by at least one black doctor who also was a staff member of either
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The original Homer G. Phillips complex includes a main central building, four
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Ain't But a Place: An Anthology of African American Writings about St. Louis
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Holding Bureaucrats Accountable: Politicians and Professionals in St. Louis
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Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
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that would provide for the construction of a larger hospital for blacks.
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499:. In the 1940s and 1950s it was a leader in developing the practice of
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1091:"St. Louis' top federal prosecutor deflates baby-stealing ring claims"
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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937:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp. 72–75.
545:, leader of opposition to the closure of Homer G. Phillips Hospital
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Discovering African American St. Louis: A Guide to Historic Sites
1006:"$ 32 million apartments, care center planned for Homer G. site"
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1060:"18 women suspect that babies they were told died are alive"
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Although by 1944 the hospital ranked among the ten largest
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Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
1125:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Historical Society Press.
899:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Historical Society Press.
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Was former St. Louis hospital site for baby-selling ring?
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Was former St. Louis hospital site for baby-selling ring?
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Although many hospitals were constructed in the 1920s as
603:, and the Homer G. Phillips complex was totally vacated.
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included more than one third of all graduates, including
949:"Homer G. Phillips Hospital St. Louis Landmark listing"
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After being adapted for residential use, it reopened as
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were acquitted; and Phillips' murder remains unsolved.
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Homer G. Phillips School of Nursing records, 1929-1991
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
1089:Patrick, Robert; Cambria, Nancy (August 14, 2015).
868:"Integration Threatens to Close St. Louis Hospital"
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1035:"Homer G. Phillips senior center has waiting list"
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2558:Historically black hospitals in the United States
2553:National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis
1275:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
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1667:National Register of Historic Places portal
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981:. Preservation Research Office. Archived from
619:. However, the main building remained vacant.
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979:"Short History of Homer G. Phillips Hospital"
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789:"The Strange Murder of Homer G. Phillips"
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787:Clayton, Edward T. (September 1977).
566:), others accepted the notion. Local
2528:Hospital buildings completed in 1937
2523:Hospital buildings completed in 1935
977:Allen, Michael (February 22, 2005).
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824:. National Park Service. 1999-09-17.
822:National Register of Historic Places
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755:. National Park Service. 1982-09-23.
753:National Register of Historic Places
596:National Register of Historic Places
385:National Register of Historic Places
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16:Hospital in Missouri, United States
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1630:National Historic Preservation Act
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1004:Manning, Margie (March 14, 1999).
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529:Washington University in St. Louis
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351:was the only public hospital for
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874:. October 26, 1961. p. 51
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686:History of St. Louis, Missouri
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236:Show map of the United States
617:Annie Malone Children's Home
522:After a 1955 order by Mayor
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1635:Historic Preservation Fund
1614:American Legation, Morocco
1152:Homer G. Phillips Hospital
1117:Early, Gerald Lyn (1998).
1039:St. Louis Business Journal
1010:St. Louis Business Journal
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515:. Not only did it house a
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2533:Landmarks of St. Louis
1552:Minor Outlying Islands
1535:Lists by insular areas
1249:Keeper of the Register
556:William Lacy Clay, Sr.
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543:William Lacy Clay, Sr.
533:Saint Louis University
452:Tandy Community Center
417:Barnes Medical College
1254:National Park Service
1234:Contributing property
1154:at Wikimedia Commons
893:Wright, John (2002).
853:accompanying pictures
840:National Park Service
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280:38.65861°N 90.23611°W
186:Show map of St. Louis
110:Hospitals in Missouri
1609:District of Columbia
1177:, Emory University:
931:Stein, Lana (1991).
629:remote keyless entry
367:who helped plan it.
211:Show map of Missouri
2170:O'Fallon (Illinois)
2087:Medium-sized cities
2068:O'Fallon (Missouri)
560:U.S. representative
503:and treatments for
501:intravenous feeding
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795:. pp. 160–164
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1150:Media related to
985:on April 26, 2005
955:. St. Louis City.
849:– via NARA.
601:Clayton, Missouri
592:Vincent Schoemehl
485:general hospitals
456:Missouri Governor
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425:Homer G. Phillips
421:Mill Creek Valley
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2299:Lake St. Louis
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2256:
2254:East St. Louis
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2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:Webster Groves
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
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2096:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2045:Largest cities
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2009:Transportation
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
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1960:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1880:Transportation
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1815:
1810:
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1599:
1598:
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1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1567:Virgin Islands
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:American Samoa
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:South Carolina
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:North Carolina
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
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1268:Lists by state
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1259:Property types
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1141:External links
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524:Raymond Tucker
517:nursing school
505:gunshot wounds
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2240:
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2209:
2206:
2199:Largest towns
2197:
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2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:Mehlville CDP
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
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1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Neighborhoods
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1821:
1820:
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1746:United States
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1594:
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1516:West Virginia
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1502:
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1442:
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1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:New Hampshire
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Massachusetts
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
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1327:
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1266:
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1197:
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1190:
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1134:
1132:1-883982-27-8
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1123:
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954:
950:
944:
936:
935:
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923:
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917:
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906:1-883982-45-6
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869:
863:
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677:
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667:In 2015, the
660:
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486:
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474:
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453:
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441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
398:
396:
393:
392:senior living
388:
386:
382:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
341:
338:
335:
328:
325:
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318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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289:
261:
257:
253:
252:St. Louis, MO
248:
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223:
198:
173:
163:
156:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
129:
122:
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70:
65:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
2410:St. Francois
2201:and villages
2165:Oakville CDP
2140:Granite City
2135:Edwardsville
2130:Collinsville
2058:Chesterfield
2033:
2027:Central city
1892:
1758:Architecture
1481:South Dakota
1471:Rhode Island
1466:Pennsylvania
1446:North Dakota
1144:
1120:
1098:. Retrieved
1095:STLtoday.com
1094:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:
999:
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
952:
943:
933:
895:
888:
876:. Retrieved
871:
845:November 13,
843:. Retrieved
830:
821:
809:
797:. Retrieved
792:
770:
761:
752:
666:
654:
638:
635:Architecture
625:
621:
613:nursing home
610:
585:
573:
553:
521:
482:
445:
433:
409:
406:Construction
389:
369:
348:
347:
47:Organization
2405:St. Charles
2279:Glen Carbon
2244:Creve Coeur
2234:Concord CDP
2073:St. Charles
1865:Skyscrapers
1602:Other areas
1562:Puerto Rico
1396:Mississippi
1311:Connecticut
1064:www.msn.com
989:January 20,
878:January 20,
799:January 20,
663:Controversy
657:skyscrapers
650:terra cotta
283: /
259:Coordinates
2517:Categories
2497:Metro East
2490:Subregions
2430:Washington
2374:Wood River
2364:Washington
2309:Manchester
2264:Farmington
2185:Wentzville
2120:Belleville
2100:Affton CDP
2078:St. Peters
2063:Florissant
1860:Public art
1511:Washington
1431:New Mexico
1426:New Jersey
1301:California
1161:, CBS News
1100:2020-04-13
1079:, CBS News
607:Renovation
429:bond issue
395:apartments
271:90°14′10″W
268:38°39′31″N
2481:St. Clair
2395:Jefferson
2304:Lemay CDP
2239:Crestwood
2219:Bridgeton
2145:Hazelwood
2035:St. Louis
1994:Education
1835:Landmarks
1830:Hospitals
1813:Geography
1798:Education
1773:City Hall
1521:Wisconsin
1486:Tennessee
1391:Minnesota
1366:Louisiana
489:residents
479:Operation
397:in 2003.
387:in 1982.
372:The Ville
312:Architect
40:St. Louis
31:Geography
2502:Westplex
2466:Macoupin
2390:Franklin
2369:Waterloo
2314:Overland
2294:Jennings
2289:Highland
2269:Ferguson
2229:Columbia
2190:Wildwood
2150:Kirkwood
1958:Missouri
1953:Illinois
1899:Category
1823:Timeline
1742:Missouri
1677:Category
1506:Virginia
1456:Oklahoma
1436:New York
1411:Nebraska
1401:Missouri
1386:Michigan
1376:Maryland
1361:Kentucky
1341:Illinois
1316:Delaware
1306:Colorado
1296:Arkansas
680:See also
337:82004738
324:Art deco
299:10 acres
246:Location
67:Services
36:Location
2471:Madison
2456:Clinton
2451:Calhoun
2400:Lincoln
2339:Swansea
2324:St. Ann
2284:Godfrey
2224:Clayton
2115:Ballwin
1999:History
1989:Economy
1979:Culture
1818:History
1793:Economy
1788:Cuisine
1778:Culture
1763:Airport
1623:Related
1526:Wyoming
1501:Vermont
1406:Montana
1346:Indiana
1326:Georgia
1321:Florida
1291:Arizona
1281:Alabama
1044:Jan 20,
1015:Jan 20,
550:Closure
401:History
80:History
2476:Monroe
2461:Jersey
2425:Warren
2329:Shiloh
2274:Festus
2110:Arnold
1972:Topics
1870:Sports
1855:Police
1850:People
1461:Oregon
1416:Nevada
1356:Kansas
1331:Hawaii
1286:Alaska
1222:Topics
1129:
903:
652:trim.
645:facade
511:, and
509:ulcers
468:, and
93:Closed
85:Opened
2359:Union
2105:Alton
2004:Parks
1984:Crime
1845:Parks
1783:Crime
1593:Palau
1491:Texas
1371:Maine
1336:Idaho
851:With
818:(PDF)
793:Ebony
749:(PDF)
712:Notes
641:wards
568:NAACP
513:burns
419:) in
304:Built
106:Lists
101:Links
2446:Bond
2205:2020
2091:2020
2049:2020
1808:Flag
1803:Fire
1547:Guam
1496:Utah
1451:Ohio
1351:Iowa
1127:ISBN
1046:2011
1017:2011
991:2011
901:ISBN
880:2011
847:2023
801:2011
562:for
307:1937
296:Area
96:1979
88:1937
72:Beds
53:Type
872:Jet
531:or
355:in
332:No.
75:177
2519::
1093:.
1062:.
1037:.
1025:^
1008:.
961:^
951:.
915:^
870:.
859:^
838:.
820:.
791:.
779:^
769:.
751:.
719:^
507:,
461:,
2207:)
2093:)
2051:)
1934:e
1927:t
1920:v
1711:e
1704:t
1697:v
1277::
1207:e
1200:t
1193:v
1135:.
1103:.
1066:.
1048:.
1019:.
993:.
909:.
882:.
803:.
773:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
