Homs - Knowledge

2337: 4180: 2224: 1212:, to whom Strabo probably referred concerning the Emesenes' phylarchs' alliance with Q. Caecilius Bassus, regarded the Emesenes as a simple tribe, governed by its sheikhs, and still devoid of a real urban existence; according to Maamoun Abdulkarim, occupation of the citadel's tell does not confirm the existence of a real urban center in the plain before the Roman period and recent excavations have refuted the existence of vestiges preceding the Roman period under the actual town's outline, and the existence of an Arab Emesene dynasty in the region, probably located in Arethusa, attests to the secondary nature of this area during the Hellenistic period. Upon 4058: 1512: 95: 1390: 1382: 226: 2751:, while the more modern neighbourhoods of al-Sabil, al-Zahra Jub al-Jandali and Armenian quarter are situated to the east of the Old City. South of it are the neighbourhoods of Bab al-Sebaa, al-Mreijeh, al-Adawiyya, al-Nezha, Akrama and beyond them lay the Karm al-Loz, Karm al-Zaytoun, Wadi al-Dhahab, al-Shamas, Masaken al-Idikhar and Dahia al-Walid neighbourhoods. The modern commercial centre lies to the west in the neighbourhood of Jouret al-Shayyah, and further west are the upscale neighbourhoods of Qusoor, al-Qarabis, al-Baghtasia, al-Mahatta, al-Hamra, al-Inshaat, Karm al-Shami, al-Ghouta and 2292: 1523: 1822: 3771: 2470:

certain districts. By June, there were near-daily confrontations between protesting residents and Syrian forces. As a result of these circumstances, there have been more deaths in Homs and its vicinity than in other areas of Syria. Homs was the first Syrian city where images of al-Assad and his family were routinely torn down or defaced and the first place where Syrian forces used artillery during the uprising. The Center for Documenting Violations in Syria claims that at least 1,770 people have been killed in Homs since the uprising began.

259: 193: 3915:) and it includes exhibitions and concerts between Homs and Palmyra. The festival is held in the first week of May. The Al-Badiya Festival, which is held mainly in Palmyra with some events in Homs, draws approximately 60,000 tourists during the last week of May. Activities include horse, camel and car races, horse contests, music and theatre shows, antique exhibitions and a crafts market. Other festivals include the al-Nasarah Festival and the Festival of Krak des Chevaliers and the Valley. An annual festival is held at the 73: 3637: 3690: 1304: 84: 1288: 11106: 11112: 8904: 2300: 4379: 12803: 3870: 3963: 3525: 102: 10085: 8807: 2089: 2059: 2437: 1996:, who transformed it into a large, fortified camp and key fortress effectively preventing the Crusaders from penetrating deeper into Muslim territory. Immune from attack, Homs became a point where the Muslims could marshal their forces and launch raids against Crusader holdings along the Mediterranean coast. In the early 12th century, the Saljuqids engaged in internal fighting, during which Homs was often a prize. In 1149 the 332: 4392: 4366: 7664: 4258: 4246: 2486: 12796: 4087:, one of four major universities in Syria was founded in 1979. A specialist engineering foundation, the university has one of the largest student bodies. It houses several faculties including medicine, engineering, liberal arts, and sciences and a number of two-year career (vocational) institutions. It is the only university in the country to have departments in petroleum engineering and veterinary medicine. 2648: 2425: 266: 233: 200: 2721:

the Ottoman era, but a short section of fortified wall with a circular corner tower still exists. Half a kilometre to the south, a large earth mound marks the site where the citadel once stood. To the north of the citadel lies the Christian Quarter, known as "al-Hamidiyah". This neighbourhood is one of the few areas of Homs that retains its older look, with most of the

3721:, 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the city of Homs. Spreading across some 2,500 hectares (25 km), the city covers four main industrial sectors: textiles, food, chemical, engineering and vocational. In all, the facilities are designed to accommodate up to 66,000 workers and their families. Moreover, a free zone has been established within the city. 2533:, halfway on the road between the capital Damascus and Aleppo. The Orontes River splits the city into two main sections: To the east, on a flat land lies the city center and the main neighbourhoods; to the west, lies the more recent and modern suburb of al-Waer. The city spans an area of 4,800 hectares (19 sq mi). 7526: 1192:, as a "very strong place" of the Arab Sampsigeramos and of his son Iamblikhos, "phylarchs" of the Emesene, who had allied themselves to Q. Caecilius Bassus against Caesar in 47 BC; the translators above cited have thought strange Strabo's not saying a word about Emesa. Claims have been made that Emesa was founded by 2272:

centuries resulted in the sacking of its markets on several occasions. Security was even more hampered, when in the 18th century, the Ottomans tore down the gates of the city's walls. Around 1708, the emir Hamad al-'Abbas of the Mawali Bedouin confederation, whom the Ottomans had named "emir of the desert" (

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their manners are agreeable. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin." A series of earthquakes in 1157 inflicted heavy damage upon Homs and its fortress, then in 1170, a minor quake finished off the latter. However, because of its strategic importance, being opposite of the Crusader

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rule, Homs started to flourish again in the 20th century. Its geographic and strategic location has made it a centre of agriculture and industry. The "Homs Irrigation Scheme", the first of its kind in modern Syria, brought prosperity to cultivators and the long-established enterprises involved in the

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Saint Mary Church of the Holy Girdle is a historical Syriac Orthodox Church in Homs, Syria. The church is built over an underground church dating back to 50 AD. It is the seat of the Syriac Orthodox archbishopric. Homs is famous for its black stones and rocks of which this church and many others were

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The Old City is the most condensed area of Homs, and it includes the neighbourhoods of Bab Tadmur, Bab al-Dreib, Bab Hud and the immediate vicinity of the citadel, covering an area of 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi). Little remains of the Old City; its walls and gates were demolished in

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seized the city in 1400. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called "'Amr bin al-Rawas" who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city. Later in the 15th century as Mamluk weakness had brought insecurity to the countryside, Homs

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later emphasized that the commanders of the crusader army doubted if the defenders of the Homs citadel actually wanted to release their prisoners. Saladin returned to Homs soon after he was informed about the negotiations between the crusaders and the garrison. Instead of attacking him, the crusader

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The council's organizational structure is composed of the top leadership, consisting of the president, vice-president, and secretary, and the lower leadership, made up of the directors of seventeen city branches: Administrative Affairs, Finance, Technical Affairs, Health Affairs, Legal Affairs, the

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by the Syrian Army and security forces. The Syrian government claims it is targeting "armed gangs" and "terrorists" in the area. According to the Syrian opposition, Homs has since become a "blighted city," where authorities regularly block deliveries of medicine, food and fuel to the inhabitants of

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wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition. He described it as a large, but ruined village administratively dependent on Damascus. The Ottomans did little to revitalise Homs or ensure its security against Bedouin raids. Tribal unrest throughout the 17th and 18th

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and Muslims. The 1860s saw a rise in the population to 15,000–20,000. By 1907, Homs had roughly 65,000 inhabitants, of which two-thirds were Muslims and the remainder Christians. In the 1981 census, the population stood at 346,871, rising to 540,133 in 1994. According to the 2004 census by Syria's

4227:, is a short but vital street that connects the Old Clock Square and Quwatli Square in Downtown Homs. It branches into several smaller streets on its western end, one of which is al-Dablan Street which is the main commercial block in the city, and the other continues west to connect with the Homs- 2015:

noted in 1154 that Homs was populous, had paved streets, possessed one of the largest mosques in Syria, contained open markets, and was frequented by travellers attracted to its "products and rarities of all kinds." He also reported that its residents were "pleasant; living with them is easy, and

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between 1832 and 1840. The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored and up to the 1860s, Homs was large enough to form a discrete economic unit of trade and processing of agricultural

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There are 1,727 schools and 15,000 kindergartens in the Homs Governorate, most of which are public facilities. In 2007, 375,000 students in the governorate were enrolled in elementary schools (6–15 years), 36,000 in high schools (15–18 years), and around 12,000 in vocational training schools.

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Homs' location ensures that it receives softening influences and breezes from the Mediterranean. As a result, the city has a much milder climate than nearby Hama, with higher average rainfall of 18 inches (460 mm) instead of 14 inches (360 mm), but it also experiences greater winds.

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noted that Homs was situated along a broad river which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants. It was one of the largest cities in Syria and had several smaller districts surrounding it. In 944 the Hamdanids took definitive control of the city, dominating it until 1016. Arab

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The local economy was stimulated when the Ottoman government extended security to the city and its surrounding areas; new villages were established and old ones were resettled. However, Homs found itself faced with European economic competition since Ottoman rule was restored. Homs' economic

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is considered one of Syria's best five-star hotels and the only one of that status in the city. An-Nasr al-Jedid Hotel is built in a 100-year-old mansion and is labelled by tour guides as the "best budget hotel in Homs". Other hotels include Hotel al-Mimas, Ghazi Hotel, and Hotel Khayyam.

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in Syria, by virtue of its central location between the coastal cities and the interior. The main bus terminal is Karnak, situated along Hama Street, 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of the city centre on the outskirts. The terminal offers connections to most Syrian cities and

7518: 4045:. The Office aids the Governor in making management decisions related to the Governorate, while the city council is responsible for decisions specific to the city of Homs. It is headed by a president, Nadia Kseibi, and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the city. 4231:

highway. On the eastern end, al-Quwatli street continues as al-Hamidiyah Street which crosses the old Christian quarter and continues to the eastern edge of the city. The Homs-Damascus highway crosses the city from the south and reaches the city center in Quwatli Square.

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from their deposits near Palmyra; the fertiliser is for domestic consumption and export. A growing private industrial sector has flourished in the past decade and many small to medium-sized enterprises occupy the industrial zones northwest and south of the city. A new

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because their campaigns effectively drove out the Crusaders and the Mongols from the entirety of Syria. At the beginning of the 14th century, the city was merely the capital of the smallest province of Syria and was often attached to the province of Damascus.

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has been considered "the only edifice of any real note" in Homs, and was built in the last few years of Ottoman rule in Syria during the 1900s. The mosque is named after early Arab general Khalid ibn al-Walid, whose tomb is located within the building.

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industry boomed due to a decline of European textile production. The quality and design of cotton goods from Homs satisfied both the lower and upper classes of the local, Ottoman, and foreign markets. There were around 5,000 looms in Homs and nearby

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was built in Homs in the early 1930s and it followed an ancient caravan route between Palmyra and the Mediterranean. In 1959, an oil refinery was built to process some of this oil for domestic consumption. The city's oil refinery was bombed by the

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subsequently carried out restorations. All of this work is testified by inscriptions although without exception, they are lost. In 1994, a joint Syrian-British team studied the Citadel of Homs, recording the remains of the walls and towers.

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wrested control of Syria, including Homs, from the Umayyads, and the Arab tribes revolted. Despite the prosperity Homs experienced during this era, Abbasid rule was generally not welcomed nevertheless. During and after the reign of Caliph

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and consequently suffered a greater political eclipse, but it continued to thrive as an economic center, processing the agricultural and pastoral products that flowed to it from surrounding districts. Homs was particularly well known for

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Hama Street starts at the Old Clock Square in the city center and crosses Homs from south to north, where it continues along the neighbourhood of al-Khaldiyah on to the Karnak station, and turns into the Homs-Hama-Aleppo highway.

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noted that Homs was the largest city in all of Syria, but it had suffered "great misfortunes" and was "threatened with ruin." He stated that when the city was conquered by the Muslims they turned half of its church into a mosque.

1500:. It also continued to retain local significance, because it was the market center for the surrounding villages. The city remained a strong center of paganism, because of the Temple of El-Gabal. After one of his victories over 3714:. Also a new phosphate plant and oil refinery are being built east of the city. Homs is also the hub of an important road and rail network, it is the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast. 4303:. Originally a pagan temple dedicated to El-Gabal, it was consecrated as the Church of Saint John the Baptist under the Byzantines. Later, it was established as a Friday mosque during the Islamic Arab rule of Homs. The 1208:, Emesa does not seem to have received any Greek colony and the authors' complete silence makes one think that it did not increase its visibility under the Seleucid kings. According to Henri Seyrig, it even seems that 6204: 5552: 885:

that bore its current name. Throughout the Islamic era, Muslim dynasties contending for control of Syria sought after Homs due to the city's strategic position in the area. Homs began to decline under the

3543:, Homs had a population of 652,609 of which 51.5% were male and 48.5% female. In an independent 2005 estimate the city had 750,000 residents, and as of 2008 the population was estimated at about 823,000. 6733: 3533:

Homs was one of the largest cities in Syria in the 12th century with a population of 7,000. In 1785, the inhabitants of Homs numbered more than 2,000 and the population was divided almost evenly between

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With Abbasid rule over the Caliphate weakening in the mid-9th century, Homs became sought after by rebel dynasties contending for control of Syria due to the city's strategic position. Initially, the

3578:. In addition to Catholics, Evangelists and Maronites. In the 1880s, the Survey of Western Palestine noted that there were 5,500 Greek Orthodox Christians and 1,500 Syriac Orthodox Christians. The 2336: 2149:

raids; In 1510 a powerful tribe led by al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets as Homs had failed to pay compensation for his "services."

8761: 2208:, grown in the surrounding marshlands from the 16th century, were found in abundance in the city's markets. Moreover, the markets of Homs were the center of a trade in livestock, where flocks of 6051: 1484:; however, this dependence also caused the city's downfall when Palmyra sank to insignificance in the 4th century. Nonetheless, Emesa at this time had grown to rank with the important cities of 2043:

army retreated to Krak des Chevaliers; this enabled Saladin to capture the citadel on 17 March 1175. In 1179, after reorganising his territories in northern Syria, Saladin restored Homs to his

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For approximately 2,000 years, Homs has served as a key agricultural market, production site and trade center for the villages of northern Syria. It has also provided security services to the

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with a conch shell semi-dome. In the opposite wall, there is a carving of two lions, a symbol of Baibars. The first museum built in the city, Homs Museum founded in 1922, is located along

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Throughout the 20th century Homs held high political importance in the country and was home to several heads of state and other high-ranking government officials. In October 1918, it was

4095: 3678:, as well as serving as a point of exchange between the sedentary zone and the desert. Moreover, because of easy access to the Mediterranean, Homs has attracted overland trade from the 4891: 4315:("Church of the Virgin's Girdle") was built in 1852 atop an earlier church dating back to the 4th century, and perhaps 59 AD. The other prominent church in Homs is the 5th-century 4049:

Fire Department, Mechanisms, Parks, Hygiene, Property, Provisional Register, Services and Maintenance, Works, IT, Planning and Statistics, Culture, and Internal Oversight Service.

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in 1923, and the other one, at the western end facing al-Dablan street, is housed in the New Clock Tower which was built in 1957. Homs is well known for its historical roofed

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visitor noted that the city walls and citadel were in good repair, but all within was in decay and only its covered markets "retained their beauty." In 1785 French traveller,

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Homs is also home to several large public heavy industries, such as the oil refinery west of the city which opened in 1959. A fertiliser plant was built in 1971 to process

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around "Year 5 III Shemu day 9" of Ramesses II's reign (BAR III, p. 317) or more precisely: 12 May 1274 BCE based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC.

4292:. These consist of a complex maze of narrow streets and covered commercial alleys extending from the south and east from the Great Mosque towards the ancient citadel. The 8510: 12248: 11527: 8145: 11385: 11354: 11344: 3981:

Sports Club was founded in 1928 and is one of the oldest sports clubs in Syria. Al-Karamah is widely acclaimed on the regional and national levels, having won eight

2409:. The Homs Military Academy played a major role in the years following Syria's independence, as many of its graduates went on to become high-ranking officers in the 8392: 11612: 11607: 11259: 10506: 8092: 4633: 1346:

usurped the throne and put Iamblichus I to death in 31 BCE. Octavian's forces prevailed in the war, however, and as a result the kingdom's throne was reverted to

11159: 10191: 8332: 2513:. Because of the gap, the area around Homs receives much more rainfall and gusty winds than interior regions to its north and south. To the east of Homs, is the 11254: 7880: 8182: 12258: 11829: 11309: 11304: 10802: 6523: 12243: 12038: 11184: 10642: 10321: 7960: 6546: 8666: 8044: 1904:

in October 968, and its inhabitants were subject to slaughter and plunder while the Great Mosque of al-Nuri was briefly restored as a church. In 974–975,

12288: 11542: 11169: 10962: 10316: 10171: 8703: 6707: 4296:—lined with grocery and clothing stores, and workshops for carpenters, artisans, cobblers, metalworkers and knife-sharpeners—are busiest in the evening. 2397:, and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967. The French authorities had created a locally recruited military force designated as the 7478: 12559: 12113: 11859: 11759: 10837: 10456: 10241: 10221: 10186: 6737: 2743:

Homs consists of several subdivisions outside the Old City. The large neighbourhood of Khaldiyah spreads along its northern edge which is bordered by

12163: 12158: 12133: 11784: 11482: 11299: 3590: 2755:. The suburb of al-Waer is located even further west, separated from the city by areas of farmland called al-Basatin and the Orontes River forming a 7781: 12253: 12148: 11849: 11339: 11057: 11007: 10657: 10461: 10311: 10216: 10211: 7097: 6614: 6157: 3736:. The city is considered a good base for day trips and excursions to the many historical and touristic sights nearby. Popular destinations include 2601: 2108:

Towards the end of Ayyubid rule, Homs remained a centrepiece of the wars between them and the Crusaders, as well as internecine conflicts with the

12058: 11961: 11931: 11844: 11834: 11819: 11774: 11729: 11632: 11602: 11369: 11349: 11269: 11164: 10817: 10612: 10531: 10271: 3810:("stuffed carrot") is native dish in Homs and is made of yellow carrot stuffed with minced lamb, rice. The city specialises in cooking a type of 1347: 3835:, grilled chicken, and other common Syrian foods, as well as homemade juices. In the Old City, low-price restaurants are grouped together along 12293: 12093: 12048: 11936: 11864: 11854: 11769: 11719: 11622: 11572: 11567: 11507: 11374: 11364: 11264: 11239: 11229: 11224: 10942: 10902: 10662: 10491: 10411: 10341: 10266: 10261: 10161: 2140:

visited Homs in 1355, writing that it had fine trees, good markets, and a "fine Friday Mosque," noting that all of its inhabitants were Arabs.

2068: 1853:. The caliph put down the revolt by expelling Christians from the city, burning down their churches and executing members of their leadership. 7815: 1318:

The city of Emesa grew to prominence after the new-found wealth of the Emesene dynasty, governed first by one of the sons of Sampsiceramus I,

12178: 11981: 11839: 11627: 11587: 11314: 11234: 11199: 11027: 10687: 10511: 10406: 7063: 7028: 826:, Homs was a major industrial centre, and with a population of at least 652,609 people in 2004, it was the third-largest city in Syria after 12278: 12233: 12103: 12068: 11647: 11467: 11379: 11214: 11174: 11017: 10577: 10556: 10336: 10141: 8241:

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church

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Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites

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On 9 December 2015, under a UN-negotiated deal, the remnants of anti-government forces and their families, that had been under siege the

2429: 1273: 7562: 7500: 7012:أدب الـنـكـتـة، بـحـث في جـذور الـنـكـتـة الـحـمـصـيـة ، حـرب الأيـديـولـوجـيـا الـفـكـاهـيـة و لـيـتـورجـيـا الـمـجـانـيـن الـمـنـدثـرة 5961: 4947: 4338:

of Syria. It has been archaeologically neglected because of military occupation until recent years. The tell dates back at least to the

4179: 3885:, the Mamluk sultan, is now the National Folklore Museum. Outside the building is a courtyard, occupied on one side by a large terraced 12238: 12188: 11789: 11617: 11522: 11517: 11442: 11324: 10286: 10073: 7416: 6588: 6558: 4099: 225: 12228: 12168: 11462: 11047: 10582: 10391: 10356: 10176: 10151: 8795: 4073: 3926:

was considered an important day for Homs citizens which is related to certain events happened in the history of the city. During the

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is the largest in Syria. Homs, the governorate's capital, is located in central western Syria, situated along the east bank of the

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writes that Silvanus, the city's first bishop, had no jurisdiction over the city, but the surrounding villages. He was executed by

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Winter, Stefan (2019). "Alep et l'émirat du désert (çöl beyliği) au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle". In Winter, Stefan; Ade, Mafalda (eds.).

4694: 2740:). Only two gates—Bab Tadmor and Bab al-Dreib—remain today. The oldest of Homs' mosques and churches are located in the Old City. 12223: 11390: 11062: 10592: 10446: 10326: 6267: 2728:

At the time of the Abbasids, Homs was known for its seven gates. They were Bab al-Souq (Gate of the Market), Bab Tadmur (Gate of

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The countryside of Homs saw an increase in Bedouin raids in the first half of the 19th century, interrupted by its occupation by

1550:; however, few ancient Christian inscriptions exist in Homs today. Under the Byzantines, the city became an important center for 1110:

indicate that the earliest settlement at the site dates back to around 2300 BCE. Biblical scholars have identified the city with

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of the Romans for aiding their troops in various wars. At its greatest extent, the Arab kingdom's boundaries extended from the

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Adab al-nuktah, baḥth fī judhūr al-nuktah al-Ḥimṣīyah, ḥarb al-aydyūlūjiyā al-fukāhīyah wa-lītūrjiyā al-majānīn al-mundathirah

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ne se prononçait-il pas primitivement ou très faiblement, et cela expliquerait sa présence dans le mot amiral, transcription d

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Le terme « vulgo » indique que Camela est tiré du vocable arabe Ḥimṣ. La transcription de la gutturale initiale par

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stone buildings dating from the Mamluk era. They are still used as shops and dwellings, and there has been recent renovation.

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and traces of Roman town planning still remain. Its transformation into a major city was completed under the reign of Emperor

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with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated in 2000. Homs has produced a number of well-known sportsmen, including footballers

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and contains a selection of artefacts from the Homs region, covering the time between the prehistoric and Islamic eras.

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inherited the kingship. Under him, Emesa sent the Roman military a regular levy of archers and assisted them in their

12545: 8660: 8623: 8537: 8504: 8461: 8423: 8386: 8364: 8326: 8229: 8038: 7933: 7847: 7809: 7775: 7741: 7584: 6711: 6120: 6045: 5726: 5583: 4996: 4941: 4763: 1818:, enjoyed the support of the Qays and subsequently razed the city walls in response to a rebellion by the Banu Kalb. 1276:, has been found, 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Palmyra, probably marking a boundary with the territory of 891: 771: 685: 677: 669: 603: 7870: 5661: 4703: 3903:

Homs has several festivals, and the city annually co-hosts the Desert Folk Festival and the Al-Badiya Festival with

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complex and dormitories are located on the western-southern edge of the city next to the neighbourhood of Akrama.

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run through with gold threads and used in feminine apparel. This silk was exported as far as the Ottoman capital

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and only in the 19th century did the city regain its economic importance when its cotton industry boomed. During

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and his partisans, the inhabitants of Homs allied themselves with Ali. When he was defeated, the Umayyad caliph

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mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.

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asserted that both territories were contiguous); this boundary probably ran northwards to Khirbet al-Bilaas on

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According to J. L. Whitaker, "Strabo seems to consider these Emesani to be among the tribes of tent dwellers (

1841:(796–809), the Abbasid authorities sent numerous punitive expeditions against Homs. Under the reign of Caliph 1810:

for a while longer. As a stronghold of the Banu Kalb, a Yamani tribe, the city became heavily involved in the

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between the Mongols and the Mamluks took place on 10 December 1260, ending in a decisive Mamluk victory. The

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There are two main museums in Homs, both located in the central part of the city. Qasr al-Zahrawi, a former

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claimed in the early 10th century that Homs was "noted for the personal beauty of its inhabitants." In 985,

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who made it the kingdom's capital. The Emesene proved their loyalty to Rome once more when they aided Gaius

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at Wadi al-Nasarah opened in 2004 and is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city. In 2005, the

2362: 2048: 1515:

Silver vase from Emesa, decorated with busts of biblical figures (end of 6th century or beginning of 7th).

528: 8803: 8648:

Little Foods of the Mediterranean: 500 Fabulous Recipes for Antipasti, Tapas, Hors d'œuvre, Meze, and More

8067: 4606: 2358: 2255:—its old rival. In the late 16th century the district was ruled by emir 'Ali Harfush of the famous Shiite 13201: 12648: 12322: 7765: 4077: 3998: 3967: 2125: 2124:

was fought on 29 October 1281, also ending in a Mamluk victory. The Mamluks were finally defeated in the

127: 6165: 2405:

were given privileged positions. The military academy in Homs trained the indigenous officers for these

906:; reconstruction to affected parts of the city is underway with major reconstruction beginning in 2018. 13208: 10206: 8589: 7876: 4661: 4304: 2557: 2303: 1846: 119: 8749: 8738: 5437: 5158:

est fréquente, ainsi Calep (Gautier le chancelier, etc.) pour Ḥaleb. La vocalisation et l'addition de

1342:. Iamblichus I took the side of Octavian, and so upon encouragement from Antony, Iamblichus's brother 12213: 12053: 11244: 10059: 5200: 3990: 3753: 3598: 1923:

tribe ruled over Homs, replacing the Hamdanids. Inclined towards Shia Islam, they did not oppose the

1559: 1534:

Due to the strength of the pagan sun cult in Emesa, Christians initially did not settle in the city.

1393:

The Emesa temple to the sun god El-Gabal, with the holy stone, on the reverse of this bronze coin by

7872:

The Survey of Western Palestine: Special Papers on Topography, Archaeology, Manners and Customs, Etc

2235:

The coming of the Ottomans brought administrative changes to Homs, as it became the capital city of

13236: 11472: 8781: 8652: 7799: 4419: 4057: 2693: 2581: 1988:, they failed in taking the city. Soon after, Homs came under the control of the Saljuqid ruler of 1981: 1769: 1389: 536: 7067: 7032: 4538: 4176:

that mostly travel to Hama are also based in Karnak and are mostly used for quick transportation.

3550:

Today, Homs' population reflects Syria's general religious diversity, and is made up primarily of

2228: 12997: 12877: 11209: 10081: 9940: 8811: 4774: 4714: 4601: 4414: 4283: 2370: 1984:, and finally besieged Homs itself. Although they managed to cut the city off from its main port 1656: 1381: 1371: 1363: 11111: 8061: 5162:

ont été entraînées pour retrouver un mot considéré comme typique pour la région. Peut-être cet

2732:), Bab al-Dreib (or Bab al-Deir), Bab al-Sebaa (Gate of the Lions), Bab al-Turkman (Gate of the 1042:; "nearness"). Thus, the name collectively means "The fortress surrounding" which refers to the 12841: 11082: 10536: 9600: 9091: 8473: 8258: 7645: 7301: 6411: 5254:

Kitchen, K.A, "Ramesside Inscriptions", Volume 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996, pp. 16–17

4566: 4192: 3907:. The Desert Folk Festival is an annual festival of the ancient traditions and costumes of the 2341: 2284: 1811: 1758: 1745: 1257: 1017: 997: 808: 780: 482: 94: 8009: 7504: 5346: 3593:, the district of Homs had a total population of 80.691, consisting of 67.587 Muslims, 10.246 2291: 1522: 11125: 8819: 8689: 5955: 5951: 5395: 4931: 4316: 4279: 3982: 3927: 3916: 3892: 2653: 2394: 2366: 2121: 2063: 1803:) was located in the city, and Islamic tradition claims his fingerprints are engraved on it. 1632: 1527: 1511: 1375: 1319: 1308: 1225: 1170: 507: 344: 115: 24: 20: 8593: 7448: 6592: 4342:. The extant Islamic-style walls were built during the Ayyubid period and the Mamluk sultan 894:

rule, the city became a center of insurrection and, after independence in 1946, a center of

11492: 11487: 11154: 9930: 8585:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500

7551: 3974: 2307: 2280: 2117: 2093: 1901: 1773: 1726: 1652: 1551: 1535: 1127: 857:

Homs did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st century BC at the time of the

843: 517: 8111:

Between Rome and Persia: The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra Under Roman Control

7925: 4597:"President al-Assad issues decrees on appointing new governors for eight Syrian provinces" 2276:) in the region, actually managed to capture the governor of Homs to hold him for ransom. 2020:, the city and its fortifications were soon restored. In 1164, Nur al-Din awarded Homs to 1900:

For around thirty years during the 10th century, Homs was raided by the Byzantines led by

1821: 846:. There are a number of historic mosques and churches in the city, and it is close to the 705: 8: 12073: 11532: 10541: 9775: 6661: 6076:

Aleppo and its Hinterland in the Ottoman Period / Alep et sa province à l'époque ottomane

4502: 4103: 4084: 4062: 3737: 2760: 2733: 2386: 2021: 1667: 1539: 1253: 1201: 851: 847: 819:, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast. 159: 123: 8903: 5506: 4001:

has a 35,000-person capacity and is home to both football clubs. Another stadium called

3770: 2047:. Shirkuh's descendants retained Homs for nearly a century until 1262 with the death of 1480:

Emesa also grew wealthy because it formed a link in the eastern trade funnelled through

1454: 834:

to the south. Its population reflected Syria's general religious diversity, composed of

12676: 12658: 12622: 12594: 12004: 11680: 11642: 11413: 11179: 9650: 9610: 8912: 8353: 8251: 7637: 7440: 7201:معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم والثقافة خلال قرن من الزمن! 6398: 5208: 4691: 4628: 4335: 4124: 3931: 3621: 2398: 1943: 1644: 1594: 1542:

and succeeded by Bishop Antonius—the first bishop to settle Emesa. By the 5th century,

1466: 1412: 1358:

came under the kingdom's control. Relations with the Roman government grew closer when

1193: 1174: 866: 356: 7663: 6263: 1350:(the son of Iamblichus I) after Alexander was executed for treason. It was in 32 that 1330:

in 48 BC, by sending him army detachments. Subsequently, they became embroiled in the

13017: 12973: 12857: 12831: 12694: 12427: 11955: 11739: 11657: 10146: 9950: 9870: 9810: 9715: 9390: 8693: 8656: 8619: 8597: 8533: 8500: 8457: 8447: 8419: 8382: 8360: 8322: 8301: 8282: 8262: 8225: 8204: 8172: 8135: 8114: 8082: 8034: 8013: 8002: 7950: 7929: 7902: 7843: 7805: 7771: 7737: 7706: 7599: 7580: 7576: 7444: 6116: 6079: 6041: 5722: 5579: 5212: 5093: 4992: 4937: 4869: 4670: 4275: 4224: 3779: 3617: 3269: 3175: 2589: 2450: 2378: 2374: 2017: 1927: 1833: 1714: 1602: 1598: 1416: 1359: 7556: 6908: 6341: 6296: 2501:

in a particularly fertile area. The city is in between the southern outliers of the

2414: 2030:, but reclaimed it five years later following Shirkuh's death. The latter's nephew, 1643:

abandoned the city,which served as his headquarters, after his army's defeat by the

12968: 12907: 12836: 11926: 11435: 10526: 10416: 10236: 10089: 9895: 9595: 9425: 9081: 9016: 9011: 7629: 7432: 7327: 6810: 6033: 5549:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Nemesius" 4424: 4339: 4282:. The older one, at the eastern end facing al-Hamidiya Street, was elevated by the 4228: 4038: 4010: 3782:, the city is well known throughout Syria for its own cuisine. A prominent dish is 3544: 2573: 2553: 2522: 2494: 2390: 2005: 1967: 1959: 1916: 1905: 1869: 1710:. Homs was likely the first city in Syria to have a substantial Muslim population. 1636: 1624: 1614: 1563: 1547: 1469:, the local Arab sun god. He brought the image of this god, a conical black stone ( 1461:

of the privileges given by Caracalla and a reestablishment of those by Elagabalus.

1264:

or one of his successors, which marked the boundary between Palmyrene and Emesene (

1123: 1096: 899: 874: 823: 804: 745: 716: 619: 613: 583: 349: 72: 8583: 4830: 4735: 12922: 12867: 12725: 12568: 11971: 11892: 11869: 11552: 11319: 11002: 10987: 10867: 10632: 10597: 10572: 10485: 10381: 9900: 9890: 9740: 9585: 9430: 9380: 9146: 9136: 9131: 8766: 8753: 8613: 8560: 8527: 8413: 8219: 7977: 7918: 7833: 7731: 7690: 7275: 6249: 6244: 6212: 6208: 6110: 5716: 5684: 5621: 5513: 5100: 4986: 4740: 4698: 4539:"معنى كلمة عَذية في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط – معجم عربي عربي – صفحة 1" 4331: 4212: 4006: 3947: 3939: 3822: 3625: 3602: 3575: 2671: 2585: 2256: 2052: 2044: 2039: 1955: 1915:

Throughout most of the 11th century, the Byzantine raids receded greatly and the

1838: 1784: 1749: 1444: 1331: 1312: 1281: 1265: 1217: 1197: 1107: 1080: 1068: 1043: 1008: 988: 895: 862: 858: 730: 711: 693: 577: 473: 7209: 6973: 6943: 5123: 1674:

because its inhabitants agreed to pay a substantial ransom of 71,000 to 170,000

1370:, the dynasty was very likely deprived of its kingdom, which was annexed to the 1072: 13095: 12607: 12078: 11966: 11764: 11512: 11288: 11052: 10711: 10647: 10136: 9665: 9525: 9520: 9505: 9375: 9320: 8409: 7155: 6669: 6376: 6237: 5712: 4370: 4220: 4022: 3836: 3594: 3563: 3559: 2454: 2418: 2252: 2242: 2164: 1939: 1796: 1730: 1671: 1408: 1367: 1303: 1296: 1269: 1221: 1143: 1060: 927: 887: 878: 8279:

The Counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the Twelfth Century: Sons of Saint-Gilles

8253:

The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in

8201:

The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

5025: 4278:. It is also well recognised by its two public clocks standing at each end of 3724:

The hinterland of Homs is well known for its grapes which are used in Syria's

3654:

processing of agricultural and pastoral products. Crops grown in Homs include

3636: 1768:) settled there after its conquest. The tombs of Khalid ibn al-Walid, his son 1570:, who lived in the fourth or early fifth century AD, was the bishop of Emesa. 83: 13231: 13225: 13101: 12902: 12684: 12473: 12453: 12388: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12298: 12123: 12033: 11754: 10892: 10652: 10521: 10451: 10441: 10401: 10276: 10102: 10030: 10020: 9980: 9910: 9855: 9780: 9710: 9695: 9630: 9570: 9540: 9335: 9305: 9240: 9190: 8348: 7801:

Territorial Allocation by Imperial Rivalry: The Human Legacy in the Near East

7710: 7436: 6037: 4793: 4666: 4069: 4034: 3978: 3912: 3787: 3717:

A major industrial project was the establishment of a new industrial city in

3689: 3650: 3610: 3054: 2737: 2629: 2514: 2506: 2498: 2466: 2264: 2158: 2109: 1973: 1924: 1889: 1842: 1792: 1737: 1703: 1683: 1663: 1631:, settled around Emesa, ensuring its position as an important center for the 1516: 1485: 1428: 1394: 1323: 1147: 903: 816: 361: 309: 296: 7633: 6446: 4892:"Life in the aftermath: A wounded Homs city struggles to reconcile its past" 3693:

The oil refinery of Homs, built by Czechoslovakian firm Technoexport in 1959

1419:

to a woman from a family of notables based in Emesa. According to a text of

13131: 13011: 12932: 12572: 12537: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12408: 12403: 12338: 12333: 12283: 12273: 11582: 11447: 11147: 10997: 10957: 10912: 10861: 10792: 10761: 10732: 10727: 10681: 10637: 10622: 10561: 10346: 10305: 10181: 10025: 9925: 9865: 9860: 9820: 9750: 9745: 9700: 9635: 9500: 9480: 9460: 9405: 9295: 9280: 9275: 9250: 9210: 9046: 9021: 8991: 8971: 8926: 7839: 7613: 7129: 6703: 6027: 4320: 4195:

operated daily departures to Damascus and Aleppo. The nearest airports are

4141: 4042: 3951: 3826: 3729: 3679: 3606: 3551: 2748: 2609: 2260: 1935: 1543: 1449: 1355: 1292: 1233: 1229: 1205: 1139: 1111: 980: 870: 865:

who gave the city its name. Originally a center of worship for the sun god

5026:"The client kings of Emesa: a study of local identities in the Roman East" 3881:-era palace belonging to Ali ibn Abi al-Fadl al-Azzhari, a subordinate of 2288:

products from its satellite villages and the neighbouring Bedouin tribes.

1311:, photographed 1907; it may have been built in 78–79 by a relative of the 948:

in turn derived from the name of the nomadic Arab tribe known in Greek as

12735: 12640: 12602: 12498: 12493: 12478: 12398: 12088: 11921: 11709: 11562: 10932: 10886: 10396: 10251: 9995: 9990: 9905: 9790: 9765: 9720: 9675: 9510: 9490: 9435: 9370: 9340: 9265: 9255: 9121: 9086: 8941: 8883: 8843: 6112:

Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945

5653: 4778: 4356: 3854: 3711: 2597: 2561: 2410: 2345: 2137: 1780: 1474: 1335: 1287: 1188: 1163: 1131: 382: 31: 13179: 7618:"Antiquités Syriennes 53: Antiquités de la Nécropole d'Émèse (1 partie)" 7241: 4718: 2315:

importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its

12781: 12758: 12378: 12173: 12098: 11557: 11219: 11194: 11077: 10742: 10737: 10602: 10256: 10226: 10040: 10000: 9985: 9970: 9815: 9755: 9645: 9640: 9565: 9530: 9420: 9325: 9235: 9220: 9185: 9156: 9151: 8981: 8966: 8888: 8853: 7641: 5987: 5783: 5741: 3986: 3667: 2756: 2744: 2525:, is to the southwest, lying some 125 kilometres (78 mi) south of 2325: 1920: 1893: 1873: 1807: 1606: 1578: 1462: 1440: 1404: 1327: 1209: 1103: 1930:

of Egypt, which was aiming to extend its rule into northern Syria and

13005: 12948: 12612: 12503: 12488: 12468: 12463: 12373: 12083: 12026: 11976: 11824: 11734: 11702: 11652: 11477: 11329: 11249: 11189: 11037: 10812: 10807: 10786: 10516: 10156: 10035: 10015: 9785: 9730: 9680: 9605: 9555: 9545: 9535: 9455: 9410: 9365: 9360: 9350: 9285: 9215: 9141: 9111: 9101: 9096: 9006: 8986: 8976: 8921: 8162: 8078:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

6708:

Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics

5275: 3994: 3935: 3923: 3749: 3745: 3698: 2613: 2593: 2518: 2421:

who became the president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.

2299: 2189: 2012: 1884: 1815: 1722: 1718: 1679: 1640: 1628: 1590: 1436: 1299:. Its owner was likely buried in the first half of the 1st century AD 1245: 1183: 882: 498: 12802: 3962: 3869: 3524: 2647: 101: 13126: 13052: 12887: 12763: 12753: 12743: 12717: 12666: 12630: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12383: 12183: 12138: 12118: 11814: 11808: 11749: 11714: 11637: 11042: 10927: 10692: 10627: 10546: 10501: 10496: 10231: 10201: 9960: 9955: 9945: 9935: 9915: 9830: 9805: 9760: 9705: 9685: 9670: 9655: 9625: 9615: 9590: 9515: 9485: 9475: 9450: 9395: 9345: 9315: 9310: 9260: 9195: 9166: 9061: 8873: 8833: 8685:

Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria

7417:"Archaeological fieldwork at the Citadel of Homs, Syria: 1995–1999" 4173: 4148:. A second "luxury" bus station is located a little further north. 3831: 3806:

stuffed with ground lamb, cooked with lamb fat and various spices.

3733: 3567: 2752: 2605: 2577: 2569: 2537: 2510: 2436: 2185: 2088: 2058: 2025: 1989: 1963: 1877: 1861: 1610: 1567: 1505: 1497: 1458: 1339: 1135: 1076: 831: 812: 4485: 4102:

was established in 2005 near Homs, and is constructing one of its

1795:

hived the northern half of Jund Hims to form a separate district,

1736:

The Muslims transformed half of St. John's Church into the city's

13173: 13142: 13089: 13069: 12953: 12882: 12862: 12826: 12458: 12448: 12207: 12153: 12108: 11577: 11537: 11204: 11067: 11032: 10952: 10937: 10922: 10907: 10842: 10617: 10551: 10466: 10375: 10351: 9920: 9885: 9880: 9840: 9825: 9795: 9690: 9660: 9575: 9445: 9415: 9385: 9355: 9330: 9290: 9270: 9225: 9176: 9161: 9116: 9076: 9066: 9056: 9051: 9041: 9036: 8961: 8956: 8868: 8075:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007).

7121:افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي 5957:حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني 5576:

The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam

4443:

Meaning a fertile land far from the water, scourge and pestilence

4383: 4343: 4200: 4188: 4165: 4157: 4149: 4133: 3904: 3882: 3857:

and chicken dishes. Restaurants and coffeehouses typically offer

3844: 3725: 3222: 2729: 2549: 2485: 2402: 2146: 2132: 2031: 1977: 1699: 1687: 1555: 1501: 1481: 1397: 1351: 1261: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1151: 1106:

of Syria, protecting it from invading forces. Excavations at the

964:

by its Arab inhabitants, many of whom settled there prior to the

952:, who inhabited the region prior to Roman influence in the area. 839: 548: 463: 368: 12795: 5645: 4257: 4245: 4021:

Culture House Theater in Homs was established in 1973. It hosts

2393:

from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as

1744:) and Homs soon became a centre of Islamic piety since some 500 1713:

In 638, Heraclius sought help from the Christian Arab tribes in

1162:"Emesa" redirects here. For the genus of thread-legged bug, see 13165: 13154: 13148: 13083: 13058: 13039: 13028: 12992: 12963: 12958: 12927: 12912: 12811: 12773: 12393: 12343: 11914: 11779: 11592: 11452: 11012: 10992: 10981: 10897: 10587: 10435: 10281: 10246: 10010: 9965: 9875: 9850: 9845: 9835: 9800: 9770: 9620: 9580: 9560: 9470: 9440: 9205: 9126: 9106: 9071: 9031: 9026: 9001: 8951: 8936: 8931: 8893: 8828: 6438:رغم تهجير نصف سكانها.. ديموغرافيا حمص تحافظ على ثباتها حتى الآن 4768: 4708: 4596: 4378: 4365: 4271: 4169: 4153: 4145: 4137: 4129: 3878: 3858: 3840: 3802: 3792: 3718: 3707: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3583: 2617: 2541: 2526: 2445: 2377:. It was considered for some time to become the capital of the 2316: 2247: 2237: 2197: 2181: 2113: 2001: 1985: 1865: 1695: 1691: 1493: 1470: 1420: 1213: 1179: 915: 827: 701: 524: 503: 139: 8726: 4862:"11 Million Dollars for Reconstruction in Homs. – Syria Scope" 2552:

on the Mediterranean coast. Nearby towns and villages include

1806:

Despite repression by the Umayyads, Homs remained a center of

1284:, was the first of Rome's Arab clients on the desert fringes. 13120: 13112: 13047: 13022: 12917: 12897: 12872: 12748: 12707: 12483: 12368: 12348: 11457: 10767: 10722: 10717: 10084: 10005: 9975: 9495: 9465: 9400: 9300: 9230: 9200: 8878: 8863: 8838: 8806: 7274:. The International School of Choueifat. 2006. Archived from 4324: 3887: 3849: 3741: 3703: 3655: 3555: 2722: 2382: 2217: 2209: 2201: 2193: 2141: 2131:

Homs declined politically after falling to the Mamluks under

1997: 1857: 1850: 1675: 1489: 1119: 1115: 1050: 919: 835: 800: 735: 640: 625: 489: 337: 8732: 2424: 2381:. In Autumn 1925, the city joined Damascus and the southern 1403:

Under the Romans, Emesa began to show attributes of a Greek

1154:

battle ever fought, involving perhaps 5,000–6,000 chariots.

13077: 12892: 12328: 10947: 10797: 10131: 9725: 8996: 8946: 8848: 7555: 6622: 4988:

Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 BC—AD 100

4396: 4391: 4288: 4161: 3811: 3683: 3675: 3642: 2565: 2545: 2530: 2477:

district for three years, began to evacuate from the city.

2321: 2213: 2205: 2173: 2169: 1931: 1733:

invaded their homeland in an effort to counter their act.

1707: 1648: 1277: 794: 763: 757: 751: 8746: 6264:"Syria conflict: Rebels leave Homs under truce – BBC News" 3710:

company, and an automobile plant is under construction by

3529:

built. Photo: Daniel Demeter founder of Syria Photo Guide.

2736:), Bab al-Masdoud (Closed Door), and Bab Hud (The Gate of 1976:

was launched in 1096, and in 1098, the Crusaders captured

655: 589: 9245: 6736:. Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008. Archived from 5913: 5911: 5361: 5122:(in Arabic). Al-Sayih Library. p. 38. Archived from 4561: 4559: 3943: 3624:

immigrated to Homs and the surrounding villages. A small

2073: 1880:

invaded northern Syria and established Homs as his base.

1864:

came into control of it, but they were forced out by the

1788: 1581:

and was in Sasanian hands until near the end of the war.

19:"Hims" redirects here. For the telemedicine company, see 7916:

Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Humphreys, Andrew (2004).

6993: 6991: 4634:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4136:. It also has international bus connections to Lebanon, 1071:

but likely a corruption of the Arabic name according to

861:. It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the 8415:

D'Alexandre à Zénobie : Histoire du Levant antique

8074: 6202:

The fearful realities keeping the Assad regime in power

5789: 5150:

Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale

898:

resistance to the first Syrian governments. During the

7915: 5908: 5872: 4556: 3829:. For the local population, popular restaurants serve 3586:

in 1933, but relocated once more to Damascus in 1959.

2536:

Homs is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of

13247:

Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC

8128:

Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2008).

7943:

Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Thomas, Amelia (2008).

6988: 5950: 5718:

Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity

5373: 5205:

The Seventh Crusade, 1244–1254: Sources and Documents

3821:

Homs has an array of restaurants, some specialise in

3778:

Although people in Homs eat the same foods common in

2440:

The Syrian civil war caused major destruction in Homs

2389:

against French rule. In 1932, the French moved their

2128:, also known as the "Third Battle of Homs," in 1299. 1949: 1374:, between 72 and the date of the construction of the 811:

and is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of

772: 760: 686: 678: 670: 661: 646: 631: 604: 595: 6295:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. 2008. Archived from 6216:. pp.35–36. 4 March 2012. Retrieved on 4 March 2012. 6108: 6029:

The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788

5896: 5884: 5801: 3861:

and are a common place for men to gather and smoke.

3800:

or "grilled kibbeh". It consists of two pancakes of

1763: 1706:

and the territory in between, including the town of

1530:

date back to the 6th century (not the ones pictured)

1022: 1002: 487: 7942: 7326:(in Arabic). SANA. 7 September 2008. Archived from 4068:Some of the oldest schools in Homs were founded by 2295:

General view of Homs at the end of the 19th century

1087:, 7.12, 21.6), although they never ruled the city. 754: 748: 658: 652: 643: 637: 628: 622: 592: 586: 8352: 8250: 8001: 7917: 5923: 5860: 2324:, and one British consul referred to Homs as the " 30:"Emesa" redirects here. For the insect genus, see 8127: 7767:Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire 5112: 4933:The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology 4323:martyr Saint Elian, whose tomb is located in the 4152:operate from Karnak station with destinations to 1678:. Caliph Umar established Homs as the capital of 1157: 13223: 11424: 8131:The Encyclopedia of Christianity: Volume 5: Si-Z 8004:A History of the Modern Middle East: 2nd Edition 6783:. Homs Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from 5116:History of Homs – Chapter One, 2300 BCE – 622 AD 3946:on "the fourth day" of the divine workweek (The 2548:, and 186 kilometres (116 mi) southeast of 2188:. In addition to weaving industries, there were 1584: 8529:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey 8449:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East 8445: 6466: 6464: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5023: 8318:Syria & Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide 7090:"موقع حمص – قريباً "حمص" ستكون بملعبين دوليين" 6905:Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums 6340:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. Archived from 6287: 6285: 5941:Ibn Batuta quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 357. 5770: 5768: 5652:Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fiḍā ‘Imād Ad-Din Ismā‘īl. 4025:, poetry, instrumental and musical festivals. 2417:that were to follow. An important example was 12553: 10067: 8789: 7831: 7804:. University of Chicago, Dept. of Geography. 7300:. Al-Andalus University. 2008. Archived from 6907:(in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Archived from 6524:General Census of Population and Housing 2004 4929: 4821: 4819: 4350: 2759:where it is forbidden to build anything. The 2701: 2465:From May 2011 – May 2014, the city was under 1508:visited the city to pay thanks to the deity. 1366:in 70. Sohaemus had died in 73. According to 1272:where another marker, laid by Roman governor 979:was derived from that of the Aramean city of 902:, much of the city was devastated due to the 12567: 8446:Seale, Patrick; McConville, Maureen (1990). 7899:Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History 7566:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 648. 7208:(in Arabic). 1 February 2014. Archived from 7178:"Homs City Council Organizational Structure" 7006: 6615:"Syria Arab Republic – Governorates profile" 6547:"CITY PROFILE HOMS: Multi Sector Assessment" 6541: 6539: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6461: 6445:(in Arabic). 31 January 2016. Archived from 5676: 5527: 5147: 4936:. Wayne State University Press. p. 24. 4410:Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War 3997:Sports Club, which was founded in 1937. The 3938:at the great "Temple of the Sun" (currently 2623: 2413:, many of them taking part in the series of 2310:in Homs, was built in the early 20th century 1942:, who occupied Homs under the leadership of 1252:'s southwestern border was found in 1936 by 720: 175: 163: 151: 143: 8762:Drone footage revealing devastation of Homs 8492: 8221:Qadesh 1300 B.C, Clash of the Warrior Kings 8030:Historical Dictionary of Syria: 2nd Edition 7356: 7354: 6830: 6828: 6757: 6755: 6734:"Relations with Syria: The Greek community" 6607: 6282: 6115:. Princeton University Press. p. 138. 5981: 5979: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5765: 4456:) who dwelt in the region south of Apamea". 4270:The city itself is famous for its historic 3547:had an estimated 1,767,000 people in 2011. 2430:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade 2069:La Fleur des histoires de la terre d'Orient 1799:, apparently as punishment. Ali's oratory ( 1465:served as the high priest at the Temple of 1067:" (literally meaning "the female camel" in 12560: 12546: 10074: 10060: 8796: 8782: 8735:– brief information about the city of Homs 8581: 8238: 7154:(in Arabic). E-Syria. 2007. Archived from 6492: 6490: 6316: 6314: 6187: 6185: 6183: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 4816: 4472: 4467: 4100:Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences 3989:titles. Al-Karamah was a runner-up in the 2794:Climate data for Homs (1952–2004 normals) 2708: 2694: 7999: 7832:Beattie, Andrew; Pepper, Timothy (2001). 7729: 7688: 7519:"پیمان خواهرخواندگی بین شهرهای حمص و یزد" 7128:(in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Archived from 6536: 6473: 5960:(in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43. 5721:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5617: 5615: 5613: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5455: 4829:. HomsOnline. 16 May 2008. Archived from 4524: 3628:community also still exists in the city. 3320:Source 2: Weather Atlas(sun-daylight-UV) 1248:(Arethusa) in the north. A marker at the 1049:The city was subsequently referred to as 881:in the 7th century and made capital of a 8681: 8314: 8198: 7570: 7351: 7023: 7021: 6825: 6752: 6224: 6222: 5976: 5917: 5878: 5795: 5573: 4730: 4728: 4536: 4334:is situated on one of the largest urban 4178: 4056: 3993:. The second sports club of the city is 3961: 3919:, attracting large numbers of pilgrims. 3868: 3769: 3688: 3635: 3620:in the early 20th century, about 20,000 3523: 2540:, 193 kilometres (120 mi) south of 2529:and 34 kilometres (21 mi) south of 2484: 2435: 2423: 2335: 2298: 2290: 2222: 2163:In 1516, Homs was incorporated into the 2087: 2057: 1876:, after the latter's Turkish rebel ally 1820: 1521: 1510: 1388: 1380: 1302: 1286: 12581:With correspondence to modern geography 8611: 8558: 8298:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades 8248: 8063:Cook's Handbook for Palestine and Syria 8026: 7797: 7730:Al-Dbiyat, Mohamed (5 September 2013). 7550: 7239: 7066:. Welt Fussball Archive. Archived from 7031:. Welt Fussball Archive. Archived from 6519: 6517: 6487: 6311: 6180: 5985: 5813: 5281: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5199: 5052: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4627: 4113: 3790:made with yogurt and garlic instead of 3649:After long periods of stagnation under 2220:and cattle moving north from Damascus. 2092:Mamluks being chased by archers at the 2038:provided military assistance for them. 1457:has hypothesized about a revocation by 1150:near Homs. It was possibly the largest 13224: 12003: 11124: 8706:from the original on 23 September 2023 8669:from the original on 23 September 2023 8644: 8632:from the original on 23 September 2023 8569:from the original on 23 September 2023 8546:from the original on 23 September 2023 8513:from the original on 23 September 2023 8432:from the original on 23 September 2023 8408: 8395:from the original on 23 September 2023 8347: 8335:from the original on 23 September 2023 8185:from the original on 23 September 2023 8148:from the original on 23 September 2023 8108: 8095:from the original on 23 September 2023 8047:from the original on 23 September 2023 7986:from the original on 23 September 2023 7963:from the original on 23 September 2023 7883:from the original on 23 September 2023 7868: 7818:from the original on 23 September 2023 7784:from the original on 23 September 2023 7750:from the original on 23 September 2023 7717:from the original on 23 September 2023 7678: 7612: 7593: 7529:from the original on 16 September 2020 7429:School of Oriental and African Studies 6507: 6505: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6270:from the original on 20 September 2018 6129:from the original on 23 September 2023 6073: 6054:from the original on 23 September 2023 6025: 5964:from the original on 23 September 2023 5807: 5693:from the original on 23 September 2023 5682: 5651: 5610: 5555:from the original on 26 September 2022 5461: 5443: 5431: 5407: 5391: 5379: 5367: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5285: 5005:from the original on 23 September 2023 4791: 3930:era, people who worshiped the sun god 3640:Souk al-Harir, one of the many roofed 2544:, 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of 12541: 12002: 11890: 11678: 11411: 11123: 10100: 10055: 8777: 8276: 8217: 7896: 7018: 6809:. Cortas Winery. 2007. Archived from 6726: 6694:Fahlbusch and Bromiley, 2008, p. 282. 6338:"A Map of the divisions of Homs City" 6219: 6109:Philip Shukry Khoury (14 July 2014). 5902: 5890: 5711: 5705: 5342: 4984: 4950:from the original on 30 December 2019 4827:"Distance Between Main Syrian Cities" 4725: 4197:Bassel Al-Assad International Airport 2227:18th-century illustration of Homs by 1725:, and they mustered a large army and 1443:each promoted Emesa to the rank of a 1126:took place between the forces of the 729: 710: 8525: 8496:Labour in the medieval Islamic world 8374: 8295: 8059: 7975: 7763: 7573:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 7571:Bosworth, C. Edmund (2007). "Homs". 7525:(in Persian). Parsine. 28 May 2012. 7414: 7180:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. 2008 6958: 6676:from the original on 6 February 2011 6514: 6256: 5929: 5866: 5419: 5225: 5184: 4962: 4577:from the original on 21 January 2018 3796:. Homs is also home to a variety of 3774:Courtyard of Beit al-Agha restaurant 3728:industry, particularly in producing 2444:An oil pipeline between Tripoli and 1872:, who were briefly succeeded by the 1036: 1012: 16:City in western Syria, ancient Emesa 11891: 11679: 11412: 8239:Herbermann, Charles George (1913). 8161: 7683:dans la province romaine de Syrie". 7481:from the original on 15 August 2021 7248:. GPO for the Library of Congress. 6502: 6401:, World Meteorological Organization 6397:World Weather Information Service: 6323: 5994:. GPO for the Library of Congress. 5786:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 354. 5744:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 355. 5664:from the original on 9 October 2021 5624:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356. 5040:from the original on 21 August 2021 4567:"Syria Top 20 Cities by Population" 4251:The New Clock Tower, Quwatli Square 3942:), celebrating the creation of the 1908:managed to control the city during 1753: 1032: 992: 807:. It is 501 metres (1,644 ft) 721: 697: 477: 176: 164: 152: 144: 13: 12703:Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium 8474:"Caractères de l'histoire d'Émèse" 7324:"Directorate of Education in Homs" 6972:. KadmusArts. 2009. Archived from 6942:. KadmusArts. 2009. Archived from 6528:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics 6375:. HomsOnline. 2008. Archived from 5036:. Translated by Mary Wong-Sommer. 4804:from the original on 10 March 2009 4501:The neighbourhood was named after 4215:in the Syrian Desert to the east. 4098:opened a school outside the city. 3591:1914 Ottoman population statistics 1950:Saljuqid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk rule 971:Other sources claim that the name 116:Martyrs' Square with the Old Clock 14: 13258: 10101: 8720: 8471: 8243:. Universal Knowledge Foundation. 7705:. Société historique algérienne. 7477:(in Portuguese). Belo Horizonte. 7471:"Cidades Irmãs de Belo Horizonte" 7252:from the original on 13 June 2011 6940:"Desert Folk Festival in Palmyra" 6712:The University of Wisconsin Press 6496:Population Census Report (1981), 5998:from the original on 13 June 2011 5578:. Pen and Sword. pp. 42–43. 4609:from the original on 20 July 2022 4118: 4096:International School of Choueifat 2340:The Citadel behind a camp of the 1934:at the time. This precipitated a 1847:the Christian population revolted 1575:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 1566:'s head in a nearby cave in 452. 944:Most sources claim that the name 248:Show map of Eastern Mediterranean 12801: 12794: 11110: 11104: 10083: 8902: 8805: 8480:from the original on 9 July 2022 8168:A History of Palestine, 634–1099 8066:. Thos. Cook & Son. p. 7856:from the original on 8 July 2023 7662: 7511: 7493: 7463: 7408: 7399: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7363: 7342: 7316: 7290: 7264: 7233: 7224: 7192: 7170: 7144: 7112: 7082: 7056: 7047: 7000: 6932: 6923: 6891: 6882: 6873: 6864: 6855: 6846: 6837: 6799: 6773: 6764: 6717: 6697: 6688: 6654: 6645: 6581: 6429: 6404: 6391: 5686:The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094 5084:Gibbon and Ockley, 1870, p. 177. 4390: 4377: 4364: 4256: 4244: 3839:and sell similar foods, such as 2773:hot-summer Mediterranean climate 2646: 1682:, a district of the province of 1385:Coin minted by Macrinus in Emesa 1228:were confirmed in their rule as 869:, it later gained importance in 744: 618: 582: 437:104 km (40 sq mi) 330: 264: 257: 231: 224: 198: 191: 100: 93: 82: 71: 8618:. University Press of Florida. 7671: 6633:from the original on 5 May 2018 6511:PUN Demographic Yearbook (1999) 6365: 6356: 6231: 6194: 6150: 6141: 6102: 6093: 6067: 6019: 6010: 5944: 5935: 5851: 5777: 5756: 5747: 5735: 5636: 5627: 5601: 5592: 5567: 5541: 5518: 5495: 5449: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5352: 5327: 5315: 5303: 5291: 5266: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5193: 5178: 5141: 5106: 5087: 5078: 5017: 4978: 4923: 4914: 4884: 4854: 4845: 4785: 4756: 4495: 4459: 4446: 4223:, named after former president 3327: 2460: 2352: 2152: 2062:Mamluks chasing archers at the 1558:, Homs was given the status of 1546:was well established under the 1236:in the west to the border with 1095:For a chronological guide, see 429:76 km (29 sq mi) 421:48 km (19 sq mi) 42:City in Homs Governorate, Syria 8612:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2001). 8532:. Cambridge University Press. 8454:University of California Press 8203:. Cambridge University Press. 8171:. Cambridge University Press. 8134:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8000:Cleveland, William L. (2000). 7733:Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale 7503:. 2 April 2015. Archived from 6032:. Cambridge University Press. 5333:Schlumberger 1939, pp. 43, 66. 4741:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4685: 4649: 4621: 4589: 4530: 4518: 4437: 4263:The Old Clock, Martyrs' Square 4205:Damascus International Airport 4164:in northern Syria, as well as 1427:50.15.1.4) and another one of 1411:(138–161) when Emesa began to 1158:Emesene dynasty and Roman rule 1: 7982:(in French). Dar el-Machreq. 4985:Kropp, Andreas J. M. (2013). 4637:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 4512: 4028: 3706:refinery is being built by a 3582:was transferred to Homs from 2777:Köppen climate classification 2331: 2036:Raymond III, Count of Tripoli 1621:Muslim conquest of the Levant 1585:Arab caliphates and dynasties 914:The city's modern name is an 830:to the north and the capital 8645:Wright, Clifford A. (2003). 8359:. Harvard University Press. 8027:Commins, David Dean (2004). 7152:"Electronic Portal of Syria" 6498:Central Bureau of Statistics 4299:Other landmarks include the 4235: 4209:Aleppo International Airport 4078:Al Ghassania Orthodox School 4052: 3898: 3541:Central Bureau of Statistics 2480: 2399:Special Troops of the Levant 2192:presses and water mills for 1686:, encompassing the towns of 1023: 909: 795: 265: 245:Homs (Eastern Mediterranean) 232: 199: 7: 13202:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 12649:Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa 8729:– official website for Homs 8321:. Footprint Travel Guides. 8277:Lewis, Kevin James (2017). 7901:. Oxford University Press. 7798:Baylson, Joshua C. (1987). 7396:Mannheim, 2001, p. 205–206. 6966:"Al Badya Fesival [ 4991:. Oxford University Press. 4800:. Robert Appleton Company. 4403: 4183:The railway station of Homs 4074:National Evangelical School 4033:Homs is the capital of the 4016: 3999:Khaled ibn al-Walid Stadium 3968:Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium 3752:. Homs has several hotels; 3572:Eastern Orthodox Christians 3536:Eastern Orthodox Christians 3127:Average precipitation days 2983:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2843:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2723:alternating black-and-white 2407:Troupes Speciales du Levant 2385:chieftains in a full-blown 2126:Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar 2051:. In 1225, Arab geographer 1814:. The last Umayyad caliph, 1783:, the conflict between the 1776:, are located in the city. 1764: 1295:found in the necropolis of 1260:, dating from the reign of 1046:and the encircling plains. 1003: 706: 488: 128:Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium 10: 13263: 13209:Legacy of the Roman Empire 8615:Syria and the Palestinians 8590:Palestine Exploration Fund 8493:Shatzmiller, Maya (1994). 8199:Hamilton, Bernard (2000). 8008:. Westview Press. p. 7877:Palestine Exploration Fund 7689:Albertini, Eugène (1934). 7679:Abdulkarim, Maamoun. "Les 7544: 7475:portalbelohorizonte.com.br 7272:"History and Achievements" 6562:. May 2014. Archived from 5187:Histoire des Croisades III 5113:Khoury Issa Ahmed (1983). 4662:Collins English Dictionary 4351:Twin towns – sister cities 4305:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 3864: 3765: 3760: 3631: 3319: 3314: 2793: 2766: 2627: 2304:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 2156: 1953: 1883:In 891, Muslim geographer 1588: 1168: 1161: 1094: 1090: 1051: 784: 445:501 m (1,644 ft) 120:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 29: 18: 13197: 13164: 13111: 13068: 13038: 12991: 12982: 12941: 12850: 12819: 12810: 12792: 12772: 12734: 12716: 12693: 12675: 12657: 12639: 12621: 12593: 12586: 12579: 12417: 12312: 12249:al-Mashrafah al-Sharqiyah 12214:Ayn al-Tineh al-Sharqiyah 12197: 12054:Ayn al-Tineh al-Gharbiyah 12015: 12011: 11998: 11945: 11903: 11899: 11886: 11798: 11691: 11687: 11674: 11420: 11407: 11278: 11136: 11132: 11119: 11102: 10971: 10876: 10851: 10776: 10751: 10701: 10671: 10475: 10425: 10365: 10295: 10113: 10109: 10096: 9175: 8911: 8900: 8818: 8812:Cities and towns of Syria 8526:Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). 8257:. Da Capo Press. p. 7924:. Lonely Planet. p. 7387:Carter, 2008, pp. 156–57. 6888:Carter, 2004, pp. 158–59. 6530:(CBS). Homs Governorate. 6470:Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 59. 6238:Capital of the Revolution 5857:le Strange, 1890, p. 354. 5774:le Strange, 1890, p. 353. 5689:. Aleppo: Dar al-Amanah. 5524:Herbermann, 1913, p. 403. 5358:Schlumberger 1939, p. 64. 5099:23 September 2023 at the 4037:, and the capital of the 3991:2006 AFC Champions League 3957: 3893:Shoukri al-Quwatly Street 3837:Shoukri al-Quwatly Street 3818:("okra with olive oil"). 3383: 3375: 3370: 3362: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3267: 3220: 3173: 3126: 3052: 2982: 2912: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2645: 2624:Old City and subdivisions 2523:huge dam of Roman origins 1980:to the northwest, looted 1672:captured Emesa peacefully 1560:ecclesiastical metropolis 1526:Some frescoes inside the 557: 547: 535: 514: 497: 469: 462: 454: 449: 441: 433: 425: 417: 412: 404: 393: 388: 377: 367: 355: 343: 325: 290: 185: 135: 64: 57: 47: 11473:al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah 8747:Executive Branch of Homs 8653:The Harvard Common Press 8582:le Strange, Guy (1890). 7835:The Rough Guide to Syria 7437:10.1179/lev.2002.34.1.39 7240:Collelo, Thomas (1987). 7200: 7120: 7029:"Al-Karamah Sports Club" 7014:(in Arabic). Dār Raslān. 7011: 6970:] (Badyet Al-Chaam)" 6899: 6437: 6243:17 December 2011 at the 6147:Cleveland, 2000, p. 215. 6038:10.1017/CBO9780511676413 5988:"Syria – Ottoman Empire" 5986:Collelo, Thomas (1987). 5633:le Strange, 1890, p. 25. 5574:Crawford, Peter (2013). 5024:Michaela Konrad (2017). 4430: 4420:List of people from Homs 2582:al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah 2505:located to the west and 2176:weaving, especially the 1787:and their partisans and 1204:. However, according to 966:Muslim conquest of Syria 879:conquered by the Muslims 799:), is a city in western 734:), known in pre-Islamic 13204:; Proposed; in Danger 12998:Palestinian territories 11386:Umm Tuwaynah al-Shamali 11345:Mushayrifah al-Qibliyah 11210:al-Mukharram al-Tahtani 11148:Al-Mukharram al-Fawqani 8315:Mannheim, Ivan (2001). 7875:. The Committee of the 7869:Besant, Walter (1881). 7634:10.3406/syria.1952.4788 7598:. Pen and Sword Books. 7594:Romane, Julian (2015). 7563:Encyclopædia Britannica 7415:King, Geoffrey (2002). 7348:Mannheim, 2001, p. 204. 6929:Mannheim, 2001, p. 209. 6026:Winter, Stefan (2010). 5683:Zakkar, Suhayl (1971). 5654:"Al Bidayah wa Nihayah" 5607:Mannheim, 2001, p. 205. 4792:Vailhé, Siméon (1909). 4775:Oxford University Press 4715:Oxford University Press 4602:Syrian Arab News Agency 4571:World Population Review 4465:Inscription reproduced: 4415:List of cities in Syria 4301:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 4061:Faculty of Medicine in 4003:Bassel al-Assad Stadium 2681:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 2373:, Homs was part of the 2216:coming from Aleppo met 1827:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 1742:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 1577:, Emesa fell in 613 to 1562:after the discovery of 1372:Roman province of Syria 1218:Seleucid state of Syria 803:and the capital of the 12744:Aelia Augusta Aeclanum 11613:Samaqiyat al-Sharqiyah 11608:Samaqiyat al-Gharbiyah 11260:Umm al-Sarj al-Shamali 11083:al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah 10507:al-Dahiyah al-Umaliyah 9601:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud 9047:al-Mukharram al-Foqani 8682:Winckler, Onn (1998). 8249:Kennedy, Hugh (2007). 8109:Edwell, Peter (2008). 7897:Bryce, Trevor (2014). 7764:Ball, Warwick (2000). 7378:Beattie, 2001, p. 207. 7246:Syria: A Country Study 7230:Beattie, 2000, p. 150. 6997:Beattie, 2001, p. 208. 6770:Commins, 2004, p. 136. 6723:Toynbee, 1916, p. 550. 6484:Winckler, 1998, p. 72. 6191:Commins, 2004, p. 130. 5992:Syria: A Country Study 5753:Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97. 5512:22 August 2007 at the 4975:Ball, 2000, pp. 34–35. 4930:Raphael Patai (2015). 4866:www.en.syria-scope.com 4193:Chemins de Fer Syriens 4184: 4065: 3970: 3874: 3775: 3694: 3646: 3566:), with minorities of 3530: 2503:Coastal Mountain Range 2490: 2453:(IAF) during the 1973 2441: 2433: 2349: 2342:Australian Light Horse 2311: 2296: 2232: 2105: 2085: 1829: 1772:, and the son of Umar 1746:companions of Muhammad 1531: 1519: 1400: 1386: 1334:between the rebelling 1315: 1300: 1258:Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi 1240:in the east, and from 23:. For other uses, see 21:Hims & Hers Health 11528:Hawsh Murshid Sama'an 11160:Abu Hakfah al-Shamali 10192:Judaydat al-Sharqiyah 8690:Sussex Academic Press 8418:(in French). Fayard. 8375:Room, Adrian (2006). 8224:. Osprey Publishing. 8060:Cook, Thomas (1907). 7976:Chad, Carlos (1972). 7736:. Presses de l’Ifpo. 7552:Hogarth, David George 7405:Beattie, 2001, p. 53. 7369:Carter, 2008, p. 156. 7360:Carter, 2004, p. 159. 7007:George Kadar (2009). 6879:Wright, 2003, p. 182. 6870:Wright, 2003, p. 223. 6861:Wright, 2003, p. 427. 6834:Carter, 2004, p. 158. 6761:Dumper, 2007, p. 174. 6666:Britannica.com Online 6651:Baylson, 1987, p. 27. 6412:"The climate of Homs" 6362:Carter, 2008, p. 157. 6320:Carter, 2004, p. 157. 5952:Mohammad Amin Sheikho 5848:Dumper, 2007, p. 173. 5642:Kennedy, 2007, p. 86. 5538:Carter, 2008, p. 155. 5492:Dumper, 2007, p. 172. 5148:René Dussaud (1927). 5075:Dumper, 2007, p. 171. 4798:Catholic Encyclopedia 4771:UK English Dictionary 4711:UK English Dictionary 4697:19 April 2019 at the 4319:, built in honour of 4317:Church of Saint Elian 4182: 4123:Homs is considered a 4060: 3965: 3917:Church of Saint Elian 3872: 3825:, while others serve 3773: 3692: 3639: 3527: 2612:to the northeast and 2488: 2439: 2428:The Homs camp of the 2427: 2395:Homs Military Academy 2344:on 19 November 1918 ( 2339: 2302: 2294: 2229:Louis-François Cassas 2226: 2122:Second Battle of Homs 2091: 2061: 1954:Further information: 1824: 1633:Qays and Yaman tribes 1589:Further information: 1528:Church of Saint Elian 1525: 1514: 1392: 1384: 1376:Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1309:Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1306: 1290: 1216:'s submission of the 1171:Royal family of Emesa 516: • Summer ( 310:34.73083°N 36.70944°E 25:Homs (disambiguation) 11493:Daminah al-Gharbiyah 11488:Daminah al-Sharqiyah 11255:Umm al-Sarj al-Qibli 11155:Abu Hakfah al-Janubi 9931:al-Surah al-Saghirah 8752:13 June 2017 at the 8296:Lock, Peter (2006). 8218:Healy, Mark (1993). 7979:Les Dynastes d'Émèse 7596:Byzantium Triumphant 7507:on 27 December 2016. 7451:on 15 September 2012 7158:on 22 September 2010 7053:Carter, 2004, p. 67. 6852:Wright, 2003, p. 63. 6843:Carter, 2008, p. 158 6228:Seale, 2007, p. 210. 6207:15 June 2012 at the 5598:Kennedy, 2007, p. 74 5129:on 10 September 2017 4721:on 15 February 2020. 4114:Local infrastructure 4104:University Hospitals 4083:Homs is home to the 3973:Homs is home to two 2363:5th Cavalry Division 2308:Ottoman architecture 2281:Muhammad Ali's Egypt 2180:, which was mottled 2118:First Battle of Homs 1938:reaction led by the 1910:his Syrian campaigns 1902:Nikephoros II Phokas 1825:The interior of the 1653:Battle of the Yarmuk 1552:Eastern Christianity 1196:who established the 400:Namir Habib Makhlouf 13242:Tells (archaeology) 12259:Khirbet al-Manqalah 11533:Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali 11310:Duwayr al-Sharqiyah 11305:Duwayr al-Gharbiyah 10542:Khirbet Tin Mahmoud 9776:Rasm Harmil al-Imam 8588:. Committee of the 8355:The Roman Near East 8033:. Scarecrow Press. 7946:Syria & Lebanon 7920:Syria & Lebanon 7242:"Syria – Education" 7035:on 16 February 2010 6595:on 21 February 2016 6569:on 28 December 2018 6344:on 13 December 2005 6266:. 9 December 2015. 6253:. 15 December 2011. 6158:"Military Training" 6016:Talhami, 2001, p. 2 5370:, pp. 189–190. 5236:Cook, 1907, p. 362. 4920:Room, 2006, p. 167. 4781:on 29 January 2020. 4503:Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl 4313:Um al-Zennar Church 4085:Al-Baath University 4072:missionaries, the " 4063:Al-Baath University 3738:Krak des Chevaliers 3732:, nectar wine, and 3580:Syriac Patriarchate 2913:Daily mean °C (°F) 2495:Governorate of Homs 2094:Homs Battle of 1299 2064:Homs Battle of 1281 2022:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh 2008:captured the city. 1851:additional taxation 1668:Khalid ibn al-Walid 1657:Jordan–Syria border 1627:, particularly the 1338:and the pro-Caesar 1254:Daniel Schlumberger 1202:Alexander the Great 983:, a combination of 926:, derived from the 918:form of the city's 852:World Heritage Site 848:Krak des Chevaliers 306: / 126: • 124:Al-Baath University 122: • 118: • 113:Homs city landmarks 13025:: Emmaus Nicopolis 13008:: Aelia Capitolina 12820:Of legion veterans 12677:Gallia Narbonensis 12659:Gallia Lugdunensis 12623:Britannia Inferior 12595:Britannia Superior 12005:Talkalakh District 11643:Tell al-Nabi Mando 11185:Buwaydat Salamiyah 11180:Buwaydat Rihaniyah 11126:Mukharram District 10322:Ayn Husayn Shamali 8307:9-78-0-415-39312-6 7212:on 4 December 2017 7132:on 7 November 2017 7100:on 16 January 2019 6911:on 4 December 2017 6449:on 15 October 2019 5762:Gil, 1997, p. 343. 5272:Healy, 1993, p. 39 5263:Healy, 1993, p. 22 5209:Ashgate Publishing 4902:on 9 November 2018 4872:on 3 December 2017 4211:to the north, and 4191:station, with two 4185: 4172:in Lebanon. Newer 4125:transportation hub 4066: 3985:titles, and eight 3971: 3948:Creation narrative 3875: 3847:, various salads ( 3776: 3695: 3647: 3531: 2592:to the northwest, 2584:to the southwest, 2556:to the southeast, 2509:, overlooking the 2491: 2442: 2434: 2350: 2312: 2297: 2245:, attached to the 2233: 2106: 2096:(same manuscript, 2086: 2011:Muslim geographer 1982:Ma'arrat al-Nu'man 1944:Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1845:, in October 855, 1830: 1812:Qays–Yaman rivalry 1645:Rashidun Caliphate 1595:Rashidun Caliphate 1532: 1520: 1401: 1387: 1364:siege of Jerusalem 1316: 1301: 1200:upon the death of 1194:Seleucus I Nicator 1175:Elagabalus (deity) 1027:; "fortress") and 541:Country code: 963 434: • Metro 426: • Urban 405: • Mayor 315:34.73083; 36.70944 136:Nickname(s): 13217: 13216: 13193: 13192: 13189: 13188: 13018:Caesarea Maritima 12942:Possible colonies 12832:Caesarea Maritima 12790: 12789: 12749:Castra Taurinorum 12695:Germania Inferior 12535: 12534: 12531: 12530: 12527: 12526: 11994: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11882: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11670: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11658:Zita al-Gharbiyah 11403: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11095: 10963:Zaafarinah Gharbi 10317:Ayn Husayn Gharbi 10147:al-Dar al-Kabirah 10049: 10048: 9391:al-Hajar al-Aswad 8770:, 2 February 2016 8699:978-1-902210-16-2 8603:978-0-404-56288-5 8288:978-1-4724-5890-2 8268:978-0-306-81585-0 8210:978-0-521-64187-6 8178:978-0-521-59984-9 8141:978-0-8028-2417-2 8120:978-1-134-09573-5 8088:978-1-57607-919-5 8019:978-0-8133-3489-9 7956:978-1-74104-609-0 7949:. Lonely Planet. 7908:978-0-19-100292-2 7577:Koninklijke Brill 7330:on 25 August 2008 6976:on 6 January 2009 6946:on 6 January 2009 6099:Shaw, 1977, p. 33 6085:978-90-04-37902-2 5458:, pp. 24–26. 5218:978-0-7546-5722-4 4744:. Merriam-Webster 4225:Shukri al-Quwatli 4187:Homs has a large 4092:German University 3798:kibbeh mishwiyyeh 3780:Levantine cuisine 3618:Armenian genocide 3589:According to the 3522: 3521: 3388: 3387: 3324: 3323: 3270:ultraviolet index 2718: 2717: 2590:al-Dar al-Kabirah 2521:, impounded by a 2451:Israeli Air Force 2379:Syrian Federation 2375:State of Damascus 2018:County of Tripoli 1928:Fatimid Caliphate 1834:Abbasid Caliphate 1762: 1715:Upper Mesopotamia 1698:along the coast, 1603:Abbasid Caliphate 1599:Umayyad Caliphate 1417:Septimius Severus 1398:Uranius Antoninus 1280:. The kingdom of 1122:. In 1274 BCE, a 1118:mentioned in the 1021: 1001: 956:was shortened to 815:. Located on the 793: 569: 568: 486: 455: • City 418: • City 408:Abdullah Al-Bawab 215:Show map of Syria 212:Location in Syria 13254: 12989: 12988: 12969:Emmaus Nicopolis 12837:Aelia Capitolina 12817: 12816: 12805: 12798: 12591: 12590: 12562: 12555: 12548: 12539: 12538: 12114:Khirbet al-Jabab 12013: 12012: 12000: 11999: 11901: 11900: 11888: 11887: 11689: 11688: 11676: 11675: 11422: 11421: 11409: 11408: 11134: 11133: 11121: 11120: 11114: 11108: 10537:Khirbet al-Sawda 10527:Khirbet al-Hamam 10187:Judaydat al-Assi 10111: 10110: 10098: 10097: 10090:Homs Governorate 10088: 10087: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10053: 10052: 9896:al-Shaykh Maskin 9596:Khirbet Ghazaleh 9426:Harran al-Awamid 9017:Maarat al-Numaan 9012:Jisr ash-Shughur 8906: 8810: 8809: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8775: 8774: 8758: 8743: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8678: 8676: 8674: 8641: 8639: 8637: 8607: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8559:Strabon (1819). 8555: 8553: 8551: 8522: 8520: 8518: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8467: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8370: 8358: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8311: 8292: 8272: 8256: 8244: 8235: 8214: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8124: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8071: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8023: 8007: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7939: 7923: 7912: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7684: 7667: 7666: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7644:. Archived from 7628:(3–4): 204–250. 7609: 7590: 7567: 7559: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7447:. Archived from 7412: 7406: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7388: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7370: 7367: 7361: 7358: 7349: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7304:on 12 April 2009 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7237: 7231: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7185: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7105: 7096:. Archived from 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7070:on 17 March 2012 7060: 7054: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7025: 7016: 7015: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6936: 6930: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6895: 6889: 6886: 6880: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6862: 6859: 6853: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6835: 6832: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6715: 6701: 6695: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6619: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6591:. Archived from 6589:"Daniel Demeter" 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6568: 6551: 6543: 6534: 6533: 6521: 6512: 6509: 6500: 6494: 6485: 6482: 6471: 6468: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6408: 6402: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6369: 6363: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6334: 6321: 6318: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6289: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6260: 6254: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6217: 6198: 6192: 6189: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6164:. Archived from 6154: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6106: 6100: 6097: 6091: 6089: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5763: 5760: 5754: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5634: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5608: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5525: 5522: 5516: 5499: 5493: 5490: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5399: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5350: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5279: 5273: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5223: 5222: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5185:Grousset, René. 5182: 5176: 5175: 5169: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5128: 5121: 5110: 5104: 5091: 5085: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5010: 4982: 4976: 4973: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4898:. Archived from 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4868:. Archived from 4858: 4852: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4777:. Archived from 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4732: 4723: 4722: 4717:. Archived from 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4673:on 19 April 2019 4669:. Archived from 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4605:. 20 July 2022. 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4506: 4499: 4493: 4463: 4457: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4425:Timeline of Homs 4395: 4394: 4382: 4381: 4369: 4368: 4340:Early Bronze Age 4260: 4248: 4076:" in 1855, and " 4039:Homs Governorate 4011:Jehad Al Hussain 3545:Homs Governorate 3419:1860s (estimate) 3392: 3391: 3334: 3333: 3130: 2791: 2790: 2761:Baath University 2710: 2703: 2696: 2650: 2634: 2633: 2391:military academy 2306:, an example of 2251:("province") of 2241:("district") of 1968:Mamluk Sultanate 1960:Seljuk Sultanate 1906:John I Tzimiskes 1767: 1757: 1755: 1625:tribes of Arabia 1615:Mirdasid dynasty 1564:John the Baptist 1548:Byzantine Empire 1455:Eugène Albertini 1326:in his siege of 1244:in the south to 1097:Timeline of Homs 1054: 1053: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1016: 1014: 1006: 996: 994: 900:Syrian civil war 824:Syrian Civil War 805:Homs Governorate 798: 788: 786: 775: 770: 769: 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 733: 724: 723: 717:Levantine Arabic 714: 709: 699: 689: 681: 673: 668: 667: 664: 663: 660: 657: 654: 649: 648: 645: 642: 639: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 617: 607: 602: 601: 598: 597: 594: 591: 588: 581: 521: 493: 481: 479: 471: 373:Homs Subdistrict 350:Homs Governorate 336: 334: 333: 321: 320: 318: 317: 316: 311: 307: 304: 303: 302: 299: 282: 281:Show map of Asia 268: 267: 261: 249: 235: 234: 228: 216: 202: 201: 195: 179: 178: 167: 166: 165:مدينة ابن الوليد 155: 154: 147: 146: 104: 97: 86: 75: 45: 44: 13262: 13261: 13257: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13237:Emesene dynasty 13222: 13221: 13218: 13213: 13185: 13160: 13151:: Philippopolis 13107: 13080:: Arca Caesarea 13064: 13034: 12996: 12984: 12978: 12937: 12846: 12806: 12800: 12799: 12786: 12768: 12730: 12726:Augusta Emerita 12712: 12689: 12671: 12653: 12635: 12617: 12582: 12575: 12566: 12536: 12523: 12419: 12413: 12314: 12308: 12199: 12193: 12017: 12007: 11986: 11947: 11941: 11905: 11895: 11893:Tadmur District 11874: 11870:al-Zaafaraniyah 11800: 11794: 11693: 11683: 11681:Rastan District 11662: 11553:Jusiyah al-Amar 11483:Dahiyat al-Majd 11426: 11416: 11414:Qusayr District 11395: 11320:Maksar al-Hisan 11300:Aliyat al-Alyan 11280: 11274: 11138: 11128: 11115: 11109: 11092: 11003:Ghawr Gharbiyah 10988:Karad Dayasinah 10973: 10967: 10878: 10872: 10853: 10847: 10778: 10772: 10753: 10747: 10703: 10697: 10673: 10667: 10569:(Khirbet Sawda) 10486:Khirbet Tin Nur 10477: 10476:Khirbet Tin Nur 10471: 10427: 10421: 10382:Fatim al-Arnouk 10367: 10361: 10297: 10291: 10115: 10105: 10092: 10082: 10080: 10050: 10045: 9901:Shayukh Tahtani 9891:Shaykh al-Hadid 9741:Qalaat al-Madiq 9611:Ma'arrat Misrin 9586:Kuwayris Sharqi 9171: 9137:al-Suqaylabiyah 9132:ash-Shaykh Badr 8907: 8898: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8767:The Independent 8756: 8754:Wayback Machine 8741: 8723: 8718: 8709: 8707: 8700: 8672: 8670: 8663: 8635: 8633: 8626: 8604: 8572: 8570: 8565:. Vol. 5. 8549: 8547: 8540: 8516: 8514: 8507: 8483: 8481: 8472:Seyrig, Henri. 8464: 8435: 8433: 8426: 8410:Sartre, Maurice 8398: 8396: 8389: 8367: 8338: 8336: 8329: 8308: 8289: 8269: 8232: 8211: 8188: 8186: 8179: 8151: 8149: 8142: 8121: 8098: 8096: 8089: 8050: 8048: 8041: 8020: 7989: 7987: 7966: 7964: 7957: 7936: 7909: 7886: 7884: 7859: 7857: 7850: 7821: 7819: 7812: 7787: 7785: 7778: 7753: 7751: 7744: 7720: 7718: 7699:Revue Africaine 7674: 7661: 7658: 7651: 7649: 7606: 7587: 7547: 7542: 7532: 7530: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7501:"Humus Kayseri" 7499: 7498: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7469: 7468: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7413: 7409: 7404: 7400: 7395: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7377: 7373: 7368: 7364: 7359: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7296: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7278:on 7 March 2009 7270: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7238: 7234: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7183: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7027: 7026: 7019: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6887: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6826: 6816: 6814: 6813:on 15 June 2008 6805: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6753: 6743: 6741: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6598: 6596: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6537: 6531: 6522: 6515: 6510: 6503: 6495: 6488: 6483: 6474: 6469: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6371: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6324: 6319: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6250:Al-Ahram Weekly 6245:Wayback Machine 6236: 6232: 6227: 6220: 6213:The Independent 6209:Wayback Machine 6199: 6195: 6190: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6168:on 4 March 2016 6156: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6123: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6094: 6086: 6072: 6068: 6057: 6055: 6048: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5984: 5977: 5967: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5928: 5924: 5916: 5909: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5794: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5766: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5713:Crone, Patricia 5710: 5706: 5696: 5694: 5681: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5632: 5628: 5622:Yaqut al-Hamawi 5620: 5611: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5537: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5514:Wayback Machine 5500: 5496: 5491: 5462: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5304: 5296: 5292: 5284:, p. 209; 5280: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5226: 5219: 5198: 5194: 5183: 5179: 5167: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5101:Wayback Machine 5094:ܨܘܒܐ in English 5092: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4999: 4983: 4979: 4974: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4944: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4833:on 8 March 2009 4825: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4790: 4786: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4747: 4745: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4702: 4699:Wayback Machine 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4565: 4564: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4406: 4389: 4376: 4363: 4353: 4332:Citadel of Homs 4268: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4238: 4213:Palmyra Airport 4168:, Tripoli, and 4121: 4116: 4055: 4031: 4019: 4007:Firas Al Khatib 3960: 3940:al-Nouri mosque 3928:Emesani dynasty 3901: 3873:Qasr al-Zahrawi 3867: 3823:Italian cuisine 3816:bamya bi-l zayt 3814:meal, known as 3768: 3763: 3634: 3599:Catholic Greeks 3595:Orthodox Greeks 3515:2017 (estimate) 3507:2013 (estimate) 3499:2011 (estimate) 3491:2008 (estimate) 3483:2005 (estimate) 3427:1907 (estimate) 3390: 3389: 3381: 3368: 3355: 3330: 3325: 3128: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2769: 2714: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2632: 2626: 2586:Khirbet Tin Nur 2483: 2463: 2401:, in which the 2355: 2334: 2257:Harfush dynasty 2161: 2155: 2145:was ravaged by 2066:(manuscript of 2053:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2045:Ayyubid dynasty 2040:William of Tyre 1970: 1956:Abbasid dynasty 1952: 1849:in response to 1839:Harun al-Rashid 1785:Umayyad dynasty 1662:In 637 CE, the 1617: 1587: 1332:Roman Civil War 1313:Emesene dynasty 1282:Sampsiceramus I 1266:Pliny the Elder 1226:Emesene dynasty 1224:in 64 BCE, the 1198:Seleucid Empire 1182:only mentioned 1177: 1167: 1160: 1142:at the city of 1128:Egyptian Empire 1108:Citadel of Homs 1100: 1093: 1081:William of Tyre 1044:Citadel of Homs 912: 863:Emesene dynasty 809:above sea level 773: 747: 743: 731:[ħɔmsˤ] 712:[ħɪmsˤ] 687: 679: 671: 651: 636: 621: 612: 611: 605: 585: 576: 575: 542: 515: 472: 331: 329: 314: 312: 308: 305: 300: 297: 295: 293: 292: 286: 285: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 274: 273: 269: 252: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 242: 241: 240: 236: 219: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 208: 207: 203: 181: 169: 157: 149: 145:أم الحجار السود 131: 130: 114: 110: 109: 108: 107: 106: 105: 98: 89: 88: 87: 78: 77: 76: 60: 53: 50: 43: 38: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13260: 13250: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13211: 13205: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13184: 13183: 13177: 13170: 13168: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13158: 13152: 13146: 13140: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13117: 13115: 13109: 13108: 13106: 13105: 13099: 13093: 13087: 13081: 13074: 13072: 13066: 13065: 13063: 13062: 13056: 13050: 13044: 13042: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13032: 13026: 13020: 13015: 13009: 13002: 13000: 12986: 12983:Locations with 12980: 12979: 12977: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12945: 12943: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12854: 12852: 12851:Of late Empire 12848: 12847: 12845: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12823: 12821: 12814: 12808: 12807: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12784: 12778: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12740: 12738: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12728: 12722: 12720: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12699: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12681: 12679: 12673: 12672: 12670: 12669: 12663: 12661: 12655: 12654: 12652: 12651: 12645: 12643: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12627: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12615: 12610: 12608:Lindum Colonia 12605: 12599: 12597: 12588: 12584: 12583: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12565: 12564: 12557: 12550: 12542: 12533: 12532: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12522: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12423: 12421: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12318: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12203: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12149:al-Shabruniyah 12146: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12079:Burj al-Maksur 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12021: 12019: 12009: 12008: 11996: 11995: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11951: 11949: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11939: 11934: 11929: 11924: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11897: 11896: 11884: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11804: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11793: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11765:Murayj al-Durr 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11697: 11695: 11685: 11684: 11672: 11671: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11513:al-Ghassaniyah 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11430: 11428: 11418: 11417: 11405: 11404: 11401: 11400: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11340:Muntar al-Abal 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11289:Jubb al-Jarrah 11284: 11282: 11279:Jubb al-Jarrah 11276: 11275: 11273: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11142: 11140: 11130: 11129: 11117: 11116: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10977: 10975: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10882: 10880: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10865: 10857: 10855: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10782: 10780: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10765: 10757: 10755: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10707: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10677: 10675: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10658:Zayti al-Bahra 10655: 10650: 10648:Wujuh al-Hajar 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10481: 10479: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10431: 10429: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10371: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10359: 10354: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10319: 10314: 10312:Ayn al-Dananir 10309: 10301: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10217:al-Mukhtariyah 10214: 10212:al-Mubarakiyah 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10119: 10117: 10107: 10106: 10094: 10093: 10079: 10078: 10071: 10064: 10056: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9811:al-Sabe' Biyar 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9666:Mashta al-Helu 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9506:Jubb al-Jarrah 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9376:al-Ghizlaniyah 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9182: 9180: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8918: 8916: 8909: 8908: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8825: 8823: 8816: 8815: 8801: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8759: 8744: 8736: 8730: 8722: 8721:External links 8719: 8717: 8716: 8698: 8679: 8661: 8642: 8624: 8609: 8602: 8579: 8556: 8538: 8523: 8505: 8490: 8469: 8462: 8443: 8424: 8406: 8387: 8372: 8365: 8349:Millar, Fergus 8345: 8327: 8312: 8306: 8293: 8287: 8274: 8267: 8246: 8236: 8230: 8215: 8209: 8196: 8177: 8159: 8140: 8125: 8119: 8106: 8087: 8072: 8057: 8039: 8024: 8018: 7997: 7973: 7955: 7940: 7934: 7913: 7907: 7894: 7866: 7848: 7829: 7810: 7795: 7776: 7761: 7742: 7727: 7691:"A propos des 7686: 7681:centuriationes 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7610: 7605:978-1473845701 7604: 7591: 7585: 7568: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7510: 7492: 7462: 7407: 7398: 7389: 7380: 7371: 7362: 7350: 7341: 7315: 7289: 7263: 7232: 7223: 7191: 7169: 7143: 7126:Discover-Syria 7111: 7081: 7055: 7046: 7017: 6999: 6987: 6957: 6931: 6922: 6890: 6881: 6872: 6863: 6854: 6845: 6836: 6824: 6807:"Wine Profile" 6798: 6787:on 2 June 2009 6772: 6763: 6751: 6740:on 21 May 2011 6725: 6716: 6696: 6687: 6670:Britannica.com 6653: 6644: 6606: 6580: 6535: 6513: 6501: 6486: 6472: 6460: 6443:enabbaladi.net 6428: 6403: 6390: 6379:on 16 May 2015 6364: 6355: 6322: 6310: 6299:on 18 May 2006 6281: 6255: 6230: 6218: 6200:Fisk, Robert. 6193: 6179: 6149: 6140: 6121: 6101: 6092: 6084: 6066: 6046: 6018: 6009: 5975: 5943: 5934: 5922: 5907: 5905:, p. 240. 5895: 5893:, p. 239. 5883: 5871: 5859: 5850: 5812: 5800: 5798:, p. 157. 5788: 5776: 5764: 5755: 5746: 5734: 5727: 5704: 5675: 5644: 5635: 5626: 5609: 5600: 5591: 5584: 5566: 5540: 5526: 5517: 5494: 5460: 5456:Albertini 1934 5448: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5410:, p. 250. 5400: 5384: 5382:, p. 190. 5372: 5360: 5351: 5335: 5326: 5314: 5312:, p. 187. 5302: 5300:, p. 186. 5290: 5288:, p. 187. 5274: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5238: 5224: 5217: 5211:. p. 83. 5201:Jackson, Peter 5192: 5177: 5140: 5105: 5086: 5077: 5051: 5016: 4997: 4977: 4961: 4942: 4922: 4913: 4883: 4853: 4844: 4815: 4784: 4755: 4724: 4684: 4648: 4620: 4588: 4555: 4537:Almaany Team. 4529: 4525:Al-Dbiyat 2013 4516: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4494: 4458: 4445: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4400: 4387: 4374: 4371:Belo Horizonte 4352: 4349: 4280:Quwatli Street 4262: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4221:Quwatli Street 4207:to the south, 4120: 4119:Transportation 4117: 4115: 4112: 4054: 4051: 4030: 4027: 4018: 4015: 3959: 3956: 3922:Historically, 3900: 3897: 3866: 3863: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3633: 3630: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3422:15,000–20,000 3420: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337:Homs Religions 3332: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3315:Source 1: WMO 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3223:daylight hours 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3176:sunshine hours 3171: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2768: 2765: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2698: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2679: 2678: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2660: 2652: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2625: 2622: 2608:to the north, 2602:al-Mukhtariyah 2572:to the south, 2489:Satellite view 2482: 2479: 2462: 2459: 2455:Yom Kippur War 2419:Hafez al-Assad 2371:French mandate 2354: 2351: 2333: 2330: 2259:of the nearby 2165:Ottoman Empire 2154: 2151: 2049:al-Ashraf Musa 1951: 1948: 1940:Saljuqid Turks 1925:Isma'ili Shi'i 1797:Jund Qinnasrin 1731:Iyad ibn Ghanm 1727:besieged Emesa 1717:, mainly from 1586: 1583: 1554:. Initially a 1540:Emperor Julian 1409:Antoninus Pius 1368:Maurice Sartre 1297:Tell Abu Sabun 1270:Jabal al-Bilas 1222:Roman Republic 1159: 1156: 1136:Hittite Empire 1092: 1089: 1061:Medieval Greek 911: 908: 892:French Mandate 567: 566: 561: 555: 554: 551: 545: 544: 539: 533: 532: 522: 512: 511: 501: 495: 494: 466: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 447: 446: 443: 439: 438: 435: 431: 430: 427: 423: 422: 419: 415: 414: 410: 409: 406: 402: 401: 398: 391: 390: 386: 385: 379: 375: 374: 371: 365: 364: 359: 353: 352: 347: 341: 340: 327: 323: 322: 288: 287: 277: 271: 270: 263: 262: 256: 255: 254: 253: 244: 238: 237: 230: 229: 223: 222: 221: 220: 211: 205: 204: 197: 196: 190: 189: 188: 187: 186: 183: 182: 172:House of Peace 150:Al-'Adhiyyah ( 138:Mother of the 137: 133: 132: 112: 111: 99: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 79: 70: 69: 68: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 58: 55: 54: 51: 48: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13259: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13220: 13210: 13206: 13203: 13200: 13199: 13196: 13181: 13178: 13175: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13167: 13163: 13156: 13153: 13150: 13147: 13144: 13141: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13122: 13119: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13110: 13103: 13100: 13097: 13094: 13091: 13088: 13085: 13082: 13079: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13071: 13067: 13060: 13057: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13045: 13043: 13041: 13037: 13030: 13027: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13013: 13010: 13007: 13004: 13003: 13001: 12999: 12994: 12990: 12987: 12981: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12946: 12944: 12940: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12928:Philippopolis 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12893:Arca Caesarea 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12849: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12809: 12804: 12797: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12727: 12724: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12685:Narbo Martius 12683: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12638: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12592: 12589: 12585: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12563: 12558: 12556: 12551: 12549: 12544: 12543: 12540: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12474:Jiwar al-Afas 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12454:Baydar Rafiah 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12429: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12416: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12389:al-Muqaabarat 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12364:Ish al-Shuhah 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12354:Duwair al-Lin 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12324: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12311: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12299:Umm al-Dawali 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12209: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12196: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12059:al-Bahluniyah 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12029: 12028: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12014: 12010: 12006: 12001: 11997: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11957: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11944: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11925: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11917: 11916: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11902: 11898: 11894: 11889: 11885: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11845:Saan al-Aswad 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11835:al-Makramiyah 11833: 11831: 11830:al-Hashimiyah 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11820:al-Farhaniyah 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11810: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11730:al-Ghasibiyah 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11690: 11686: 11682: 11677: 11673: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11633:al-Shumariyah 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11603:al-Sallumiyah 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11438: 11437: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11423: 11419: 11415: 11410: 11406: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11350:Rasm Humaydah 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11277: 11271: 11270:al-Uthmaniyah 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11165:Abu Khashabah 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11150: 11149: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11118: 11113: 11107: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10983: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10970: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10893:Ayn Al-Fawwar 10891: 10889: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10875: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10850: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10818:Jabab al-Zayt 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10788: 10784: 10783: 10781: 10775: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10700: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10670: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:al-Zurzuriyah 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10532:Khirbet Hayek 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10522:Khirbet Ghazi 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10424: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10402:Jubb al-Shami 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10364: 10358: 10355: 10353: 10350: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10294: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10277:al-Thabitiyah 10275: 10273: 10272:Tell Zubaydah 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10103:Homs District 10099: 10095: 10091: 10086: 10077: 10072: 10070: 10065: 10063: 10058: 10057: 10054: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10031:al-Yaarubiyah 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10021:Urum al-Kubra 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9981:Tell al-Daman 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9736:al-Qahtaniyah 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9711:al-Nashabiyah 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9696:al-Musayfirah 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9571:Khan Shaykhun 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9541:Kafr Takharim 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9336:al-Darbasiyah 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9241:Assal al-Ward 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9191:Abu al-Thuhur 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8910: 8905: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8808: 8799: 8794: 8792: 8787: 8785: 8780: 8779: 8776: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8760: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742:(in Japanese) 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8724: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8680: 8668: 8664: 8662:1-55832-227-2 8658: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8643: 8631: 8627: 8625:0-8130-3121-4 8621: 8617: 8616: 8610: 8605: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8586: 8580: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8557: 8545: 8541: 8539:0-521-29166-6 8535: 8531: 8530: 8524: 8512: 8508: 8506:90-04-09896-8 8502: 8498: 8497: 8491: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8463:0-520-06976-5 8459: 8455: 8451: 8450: 8444: 8431: 8427: 8425:9782213640693 8421: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8407: 8394: 8390: 8388:0-7864-2248-3 8384: 8381:. McFarland. 8380: 8379: 8373: 8368: 8366:9780674778863 8362: 8357: 8356: 8350: 8346: 8334: 8330: 8328:1-900949-90-3 8324: 8320: 8319: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8300:. Routledge. 8299: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8281:. Routledge. 8280: 8275: 8270: 8264: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8233: 8231:1-85532-300-1 8227: 8223: 8222: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8202: 8197: 8184: 8180: 8174: 8170: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8126: 8122: 8116: 8113:. Routledge. 8112: 8107: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8058: 8046: 8042: 8040:0-8108-4934-8 8036: 8032: 8031: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8005: 7998: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7974: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7941: 7937: 7935:1-86450-333-5 7931: 7927: 7922: 7921: 7914: 7910: 7904: 7900: 7895: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7867: 7855: 7851: 7849:1-85828-718-9 7845: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7830: 7817: 7813: 7811:0-89065-125-6 7807: 7803: 7802: 7796: 7783: 7779: 7777:0-415-11376-8 7773: 7770:. Routledge. 7769: 7768: 7762: 7749: 7745: 7743:9782351594704 7739: 7735: 7734: 7728: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7694: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7676: 7665: 7648:on 2 May 2019 7647: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7614:Seyrig, Henri 7611: 7607: 7601: 7597: 7592: 7588: 7586:9789047423836 7582: 7578: 7574: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7558: 7553: 7549: 7548: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7496: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7402: 7393: 7384: 7375: 7366: 7357: 7355: 7345: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7303: 7299: 7293: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7236: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7195: 7179: 7173: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7050: 7034: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7010: 7003: 6994: 6992: 6975: 6971: 6969: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6926: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6894: 6885: 6876: 6867: 6858: 6849: 6840: 6831: 6829: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6786: 6782: 6781:"About Homes" 6776: 6767: 6758: 6756: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6720: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6700: 6691: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6657: 6648: 6629: 6626:. June 2014. 6625: 6624: 6616: 6610: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6499: 6493: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6432: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6400: 6394: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6286: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6234: 6225: 6223: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6197: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6144: 6128: 6124: 6122:9781400858392 6118: 6114: 6113: 6105: 6096: 6087: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6053: 6049: 6047:9780511676413 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6022: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5980: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5938: 5932:, p. 62. 5931: 5926: 5920:, p. 99. 5919: 5918:Hamilton 2000 5914: 5912: 5904: 5899: 5892: 5887: 5881:, p. 98. 5880: 5879:Hamilton 2000 5875: 5869:, p. 61. 5868: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5810:, p. 73. 5809: 5804: 5797: 5796:Bosworth 2007 5792: 5785: 5780: 5771: 5769: 5759: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5730: 5728:0-521-52940-9 5724: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5708: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5679: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5648: 5639: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5604: 5595: 5587: 5585:9781473828650 5581: 5577: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5503:Roman History 5498: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5457: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5434:, p. 84. 5433: 5428: 5422:, p. 92. 5421: 5416: 5409: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5381: 5376: 5369: 5364: 5355: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5330: 5323: 5318: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5294: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5269: 5260: 5251: 5242: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5189:. p. 18. 5188: 5181: 5174: 5172: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5144: 5125: 5118: 5117: 5109: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5090: 5081: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5004: 5000: 4998:9780199670727 4994: 4990: 4989: 4981: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4949: 4945: 4943:9780814341926 4939: 4935: 4934: 4926: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4759: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4729: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4667:HarperCollins 4664: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4592: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4527:, p. 160 4526: 4521: 4517: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4462: 4455: 4449: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4259: 4247: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4203:to the west, 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4181: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4111: 4107: 4106:in the city. 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4035:Homs District 4026: 4024: 4023:theatre plays 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3983:Syrian League 3980: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3913:Syrian Desert 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3758: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3691: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3644: 3638: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3552:Sunni Muslims 3548: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3526: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3352: 3350:Sunni Muslims 3348: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3055:precipitation 3051: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2699: 2697: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2666: 2665:the Holy Belt 2657: 2649: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2630:Gates of Homs 2621: 2620:to the east. 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2588:to the west, 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515:Syrian Desert 2512: 2508: 2507:Mount Lebanon 2504: 2500: 2499:Orontes River 2496: 2487: 2478: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2438: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2369:. During the 2368: 2367:Allied forces 2364: 2360: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285:Ibrahim Pasha 2282: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2160: 2159:Ottoman Syria 2150: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:Mongol Empire 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1974:First Crusade 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:al-Mutawakkil 1840: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1770:Abd al-Rahman 1766: 1760: 1754:اَلصَّحَابَةُ 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738:Friday mosque 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1704:Syrian Desert 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:Bilad al-Sham 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664:Rashidun army 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1619:Prior to the 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1517:Louvre Museum 1513: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1395:Roman usurper 1391: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360:King Sohaemus 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:Iamblichus II 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324:Julius Caesar 1321: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1148:Orontes River 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1030: 1025: 1019: 1010: 1005: 999: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 905: 904:Siege of Homs 901: 897: 893: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 842:Muslims, and 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 818: 817:Orontes River 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 791: 782: 781:Ancient Greek 778: 777: 768: 741: 737: 732: 728: 718: 713: 708: 703: 695: 691: 690: 683: 682: 675: 674: 666: 615: 609: 608: 600: 579: 573: 565: 562: 560: 556: 552: 550: 546: 543:City code: 31 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 523: 519: 513: 509: 505: 502: 500: 496: 492: 491: 484: 475: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 411: 407: 403: 399: 397: 394: • 392: 387: 384: 380: 378:First settled 376: 372: 370: 366: 363: 362:Homs District 360: 358: 354: 351: 348: 346: 342: 339: 328: 324: 319: 291:Coordinates: 289: 260: 227: 194: 184: 173: 161: 141: 134: 129: 125: 121: 117: 103: 96: 85: 74: 63: 56: 46: 40: 36: 34: 26: 22: 13219: 13136: 13132:Dura-Europos 13092:: Heliopolis 12985:modern names 12933:Dura-Europos 12573:Ancient Rome 12444:Ain al-Raheb 12439:Ain al-Barda 12434:Amar al-Husn 12426: 12404:al-Shuwayhid 12339:Ain al-Ghara 12334:Ain al-Ajouz 12321: 12294:Tell al-Safa 12284:Qaz al-Khass 12244:al-Malikiyah 12206: 12074:Burj al-Arab 12049:Ayn al-Sawda 12025: 12024: 11954: 11937:Rasm al-Abid 11913: 11912: 11865:Umm Sharshuh 11855:Tell Jayurin 11807: 11785:al-Waza'iyah 11770:al-Qunaytrat 11701: 11700: 11623:al-Sawadiyah 11583:al-Nizariyah 11573:al-Nahariyah 11508:al-Fadeliyah 11448:al-Aqrabiyah 11434: 11433: 11365:Tall al-Qata 11287: 11265:Umm Tuwaynah 11240:Tell al-Ward 11230:Tell al-Ghar 11225:Shawkatliyah 11146: 11145: 10980: 10958:Uyun al-Wadi 10903:al-Diyabiyah 10885: 10860: 10785: 10762:Al-Qaryatayn 10760: 10728:al-Qanaqiyah 10710: 10680: 10663:Zawr Baqraya 10643:Umm Haratayn 10638:Umm al-Qasab 10633:Umm al-'Adam 10562:Marj al-Qata 10484: 10434: 10412:al-Sabuniyah 10374: 10347:al-Mushrifah 10342:al-Jabiriyah 10306:Ayn al-Niser 10304: 10296:Ayn al-Niser 10267:Tell al-Shur 10262:Tell al-Naqa 10162:Hubub al-Rih 10124: 10123: 10122: 10026:Wadi al-Oyun 9866:al-Shaddadah 9751:al-Qaryatayn 9701:al-Mushannaf 9501:al-Jawadiyah 9481:al-Janudiyah 9461:Ibbin Samaan 9406:al-Hamidiyah 9296:Bir al-Helou 9281:Barri Sharqi 9251:Ayn al-Fijah 9177:Sub-district 9092:Ra's al-'Ayn 9022:al-Malikiyah 8858: 8765: 8708:. 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Retrieved 4932: 4925: 4916: 4904:. Retrieved 4900:the original 4896:Syria Direct 4895: 4886: 4874:. Retrieved 4870:the original 4865: 4856: 4851:2004 census. 4847: 4835:. Retrieved 4831:the original 4806:. Retrieved 4797: 4787: 4779:the original 4767: 4758: 4746:. Retrieved 4739: 4719:the original 4707: 4687: 4675:. Retrieved 4671:the original 4660: 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4632: 4623: 4611:. Retrieved 4600: 4591: 4579:. Retrieved 4570: 4546:. Retrieved 4542: 4532: 4520: 4497: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4448: 4439: 4354: 4329: 4310: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4269: 4217: 4186: 4142:Saudi Arabia 4122: 4108: 4089: 4082: 4067: 4047: 4043:city council 4032: 4020: 3972: 3952:Hebrew Bible 3921: 3908: 3902: 3886: 3876: 3848: 3830: 3820: 3815: 3808:Jazar Mahshi 3807: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788:baba ghanouj 3786:, a type of 3783: 3777: 3723: 3716: 3696: 3680:Persian Gulf 3648: 3641: 3615: 3588: 3549: 3532: 3403:12th century 3328:Demographics 3057:mm (inches) 2785: 2780: 2770: 2749:Deir Baalbah 2742: 2727: 2719: 2638: 2637:Old City of 2610:al-Mishirfeh 2535: 2492: 2472: 2464: 2461:21st century 2443: 2415:coup d'états 2406: 2356: 2353:20th century 2313: 2278: 2273: 2263:. Later, a 2261:Beqaa valley 2246: 2236: 2234: 2177: 2162: 2153:Ottoman rule 2130: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2026: 2010: 1971: 1936:Sunni Muslim 1914: 1899: 1882: 1855: 1832:In 750, the 1831: 1805: 1801:mashhad 'Ali 1800: 1778: 1735: 1712: 1661: 1618: 1572: 1544:Christianity 1533: 1479: 1450:ius Italicum 1448: 1447:and granted 1435:50.15.8.6), 1432: 1424: 1402: 1356:Beqaa Valley 1320:Iamblichus I 1317: 1293:Emesa helmet 1234:Bekaa Valley 1230:client kings 1206:Henri Seyrig 1187: 1178: 1140:Muwatalli II 1112:Hamath-zobah 1101: 1084: 1073:René Dussaud 1064: 1056: 1048: 1039: 1028: 984: 981:Hamath-zobah 976: 972: 970: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 943: 938: 934: 930: 923: 913: 871:Christianity 856: 821: 739: 726: 571: 570: 537:Area code(s) 160:Ibn Al-Walid 158:The city of 140:black stones 39: 32: 13014:: Ptolemais 12708:Mogontiacum 12641:Roman Dacia 12603:Camulodunum 12499:al-Mishtaya 12494:Mashta Azar 12420:Subdistrict 12399:Qal al-Saqa 12315:Subdistrict 12200:Subdistrict 12179:Tell Sarrin 12089:Hajar Abyad 12039:al-Amariyah 12018:Subdistrict 11982:al-Tuwaynat 11948:Subdistrict 11906:Subdistrict 11840:al-Qanniyah 11801:Subdistrict 11710:Abu Hamamah 11694:Subdistrict 11628:al-Shayahat 11588:al-Qurniyah 11563:al-Masriyah 11427:Subdistrict 11315:Ghuzayliyah 11281:Subdistrict 11245:Umm al-Amad 11235:Tell Shinan 11200:al-Junaynat 11170:Bab al-Hawa 11139:Subdistrict 11028:al-Humaymah 10974:Subdistrict 10933:al-Mahfurah 10879:Subdistrict 10854:Subdistrict 10803:al-Aziziyah 10779:Subdistrict 10754:Subdistrict 10704:Subdistrict 10688:al-Ghunthir 10674:Subdistrict 10512:al-Faysiyah 10478:Subdistrict 10462:al-Ma'murah 10428:Subdistrict 10407:al-Nasriyah 10397:Jabab Hamad 10368:Subdistrict 10298:Subdistrict 10252:Teir Maalah 10172:al-Hurriyah 10116:Subdistrict 9996:Tell Salhab 9991:Tell Rifaat 9791:al-Ruhaybah 9676:al-Masmiyah 9651:al-Mansurah 9511:Jubb Ramlah 9491:al-Jarniyah 9371:al-Ghariyah 9341:Deir Atiyah 9266:Ayn al-Nasr 9256:Ayn Halaqim 9122:al-Sanamayn 9087:al-Qutayfah 8942:Ayn al-Arab 8884:Rif Dimashq 8844:Deir ez-Zor 8820:Governorate 8757:(in Arabic) 8733:Homs Online 7659:(in French) 7523:parsine.com 7455:17 February 7334:26 February 7308:26 February 7282:26 February 7256:26 February 7184:28 February 7162:28 February 7074:27 February 7064:"Al-Wathba" 7039:27 February 6980:17 February 6950:17 February 6817:28 February 6791:26 February 6744:26 February 6680:11 February 6573:28 December 6532:(in Arabic) 6383:26 February 6348:26 February 6303:28 February 6090:p. 101-102. 6002:28 February 5808:Romane 2015 5444:Sartre 2001 5432:Millar 1993 5408:Seyrig 1952 5392:Edwell 2008 5380:Seyrig 1952 5368:Seyrig 1952 5310:Seyrig 1952 5298:Seyrig 1952 5286:Seyrig 1952 5133:9 September 5103:glosbe.com. 4837:26 February 4808:26 February 4543:almaany.com 4080:" in 1887. 3977:clubs. The 3934:held their 3855:shish kebab 3827:Arabic food 3754:Safir Hotel 3712:Iran Khodro 3668:sugar beets 3616:During the 3611:Protestants 3554:(including 3398:Population 3221:Mean daily 3174:Mean daily 2771:Homs has a 2656:Saint Elian 2598:Teir Maalah 2562:al-Nuqayrah 2411:Syrian Army 2346:James McBey 2328:of Syria." 2076:, NAF 886, 1888:geographer 1781:First Fitna 1779:During the 1774:Ubayd Allah 1651:during the 1573:During the 1475:Elagabalium 1336:Mark Antony 1164:Emesa (bug) 1132:Ramesses II 1065:la Chamelle 877:. Homs was 822:Before the 369:Subdistrict 345:Governorate 313: / 278:Homs (Asia) 153:الْعَذِيَّة 13226:Categories 13207:See also: 13182:: Seleucia 13145:: Laodicea 13031:: Neronias 12878:Heliopolis 12782:Singidunum 12759:Mediolanum 12428:Al-Nasirah 12379:al-Mazraah 12234:Dardariyah 12174:Tell Hawsh 12104:Jaafariyat 12099:Hasrajiyah 12069:Bayt Qarin 11956:Al-Sukhnah 11932:al-Bi'arat 11860:al-Thawrah 11740:Izz al-Din 11648:Wadi Hanna 11558:Kafr Mousa 11543:Husseiniya 11468:Burhaniyah 11380:Umm al-Rif 11220:al-Sankari 11195:Jubb Abbas 11175:al-Batamah 11078:Tell Dahab 11018:al-Hashmah 10743:al-Shinyah 10738:Sharqliyya 10603:Ram al-Anz 10557:Marj Bulad 10337:Humaydiyah 10257:Tell Ahmar 10227:al-Naqirah 10142:Ashrafiyah 10041:az-Ziyarah 10001:Tell Tamer 9986:Tell Hamis 9971:al-Tamanah 9951:al-Sukhnah 9871:al-Shajara 9816:al-Sabkhah 9756:al-Qurayya 9716:al-Nasirah 9646:al-Malihah 9566:al-Khafsah 9551:al-Karamah 9531:Kafr Batna 9421:Harbnafsah 9326:Darat Izza 9236:al-Asharah 9221:al-Arishah 9186:Abu Qilqil 9157:al-Thawrah 9152:Tell Abyad 8967:Dayr Hafir 8889:as-Suwayda 8854:al-Hasakah 8592:. p. 8562:Géographie 8484:9 November 8163:Gil, Moshe 7575:. Leiden: 7298:"Overview" 7216:3 December 7136:2 November 7104:16 January 6915:3 December 6599:9 February 6559:UN–Habitat 6453:15 October 6293:"Overview" 6172:3 December 5968:14 October 5903:Lewis 2017 5891:Lewis 2017 5784:al-Maqdisi 5742:Ibn Jubair 5697:13 October 5501:Herodian, 5394:, p. 5345:, p. 5343:Bryce 2014 5322:Abdulkarim 4954:14 October 4906:16 January 4876:3 December 4548:24 October 4513:References 4482:Palmyrenos 4174:microbuses 4029:Government 3987:Syrian Cup 3979:Al-Karamah 3932:Elagabalus 3699:phosphates 3376:Christians 2757:green belt 2745:Al-Bayadah 2628:See also: 2332:Modern era 2326:Manchester 2157:See also: 2138:Ibn Batuta 2006:Nur al-Din 1921:Banu Kilab 1894:al-Maqdisi 1890:al-Mas'udi 1874:Qarmatians 1808:Shia Islam 1607:Ikhshidids 1579:Shahrbaraz 1504:, Emperor 1473:), to the 1463:Elagabalus 1441:Elagabalus 1413:mint coins 1405:city-state 1352:Heliopolis 1328:Alexandria 1210:Posidonius 1169:See also: 1104:hinterland 1063:, and as " 1035:; Syriac: 875:Byzantines 873:under the 850:castle, a 844:Christians 450:Population 389:Government 301:36°42′34″E 298:34°43′51″N 177:دار السلام 13176:: Antioch 13157:: Palmyra 13086:: Berytus 13006:Jerusalem 12842:Ptolemais 12764:Placentia 12754:Florentia 12613:Londinium 12504:Qalatiyah 12489:Marmarita 12469:Jankamrah 12464:Habnamrah 12374:Juwaniyat 12323:Al-Hawash 12304:Umm Jamah 12289:Rihaniyah 12274:Na'isiyah 12269:Marasiyah 12264:Lawaybdah 12219:Barudiyah 12164:Sindiyana 12159:Shamsiyah 12144:al-Shabaq 12084:Dabousieh 12027:Talkalakh 12016:Talkalakh 11977:al-Taybah 11825:al-Ghantu 11760:al-Manara 11735:Gharnatah 11703:Al-Rastan 11598:al-Sakher 11548:Jubaniyah 11503:Diyabiyah 11478:al-Dabaah 11436:Al-Qusayr 11382:(al-Rish) 11335:Mughayzil 11330:Masudiyah 11295:Abu Qatur 11250:Umm Jabab 11190:al-Haraki 11137:Mukharram 11038:Kafr Laha 10998:Burj Qa'i 10943:Muta'arid 10918:al-Jabbat 10838:al-Rawdah 10833:al-Nuzhah 10828:al-Manzul 10823:al-Madaba 10813:al-Hamrat 10808:Dardaghan 10787:Al-Riqama 10752:Qaryatayn 10608:Ram Jabal 10598:al-Rabwah 10573:al-Mazraa 10567:Mashahdah 10517:Ghuzaylah 10457:al-Kashaf 10417:al-Sayyid 10387:al-Hazzah 10242:al-Riyadh 10237:al-Rayyan 10222:al-Najmah 10197:Kafr Abed 10157:Fairouzeh 10036:al-Zirbah 10016:Uqayribat 9786:al-Riqama 9731:al-Qadmus 9681:al-Mazraa 9606:al-Kiswah 9556:al-Kasrah 9546:Kafr Zita 9536:Kafr Nabl 9456:al-Huwash 9411:al-Hamraa 9366:Ghandoura 9361:Ghabaghib 9351:al-Dumayr 9286:Beit Jinn 9216:al-Ariqah 9142:Talkalakh 9112:Salamiyah 9102:as-Safira 9097:al-Rastan 9082:al-Qusayr 9007:Jarabulus 8987:al-Haffah 8977:Duraykish 8922:Abu Kamal 8739:Emesa-net 8710:2 October 8673:2 October 8636:2 October 8573:2 October 8550:2 October 8517:2 October 8499:. BRILL. 8436:2 October 8399:2 October 8339:2 October 8189:2 October 8152:2 October 8099:2 October 8051:2 October 7990:2 October 7967:2 October 7887:2 October 7860:2 October 7822:2 October 7788:2 October 7754:2 October 7721:2 October 7711:458398245 7445:162137882 7431:: 39–58. 7094:esyria.sy 6162:All Refer 6133:2 October 6078:. Brill. 6064:pp. 48-51 5930:Lock 2006 5867:Lock 2006 5668:9 October 5420:Chad 1972 4701:(US) and 4613:15 August 4321:Christian 4236:Landmarks 4150:Minibuses 4053:Education 3995:Al-Wathba 3936:liturgies 3924:Wednesday 3899:Festivals 3750:Marmarita 3746:Talkalakh 3708:Brazilian 3622:Armenians 3603:Assyrians 3576:Assyrians 2663:Church of 2654:Church of 2614:Fairouzeh 2594:al-Ghantu 2574:al-Qusayr 2554:al-Rayyan 2519:Lake Homs 2481:Geography 2190:olive oil 2013:al-Idrisi 1946:in 1090. 1917:Mirdasids 1885:al-Yaqubi 1870:Hamdanids 1816:Marwan II 1765:al-ṣaḥāba 1759:romanized 1719:Circesium 1680:Jund Hims 1666:, led by 1655:(now the 1641:Heraclius 1637:Byzantine 1629:Banu Kalb 1591:Caliphate 1477:in Rome. 1437:Caracalla 1378:(78–79). 1344:Alexander 1278:Epiphania 1250:Palmyrene 1246:al-Rastan 1189:Geography 1077:Crusaders 1075:) by the 1031:(Hebrew: 1018:romanized 998:romanized 910:Etymology 859:Seleucids 790:romanized 499:Time zone 483:romanized 468:English: 442:Elevation 13180:Samandağ 13127:Damascus 13123:: Bostra 13061:: Gerasa 13055:: Gadara 13053:Umm Qais 12974:Neronias 12923:Neapolis 12888:Damascus 12868:Seleucia 12858:Laodicea 12718:Hispania 12667:Lugdunum 12631:Eboracum 12569:Colonies 12519:Zweitina 12514:Tannurin 12509:Qurb Ali 12384:Mizyeneh 12239:Haratayn 12189:Zanbiyah 12184:al-Zarah 12139:Qumayrah 12134:Qurayyat 12119:Masyadah 11972:al-Kadir 11927:al-Bayda 11850:al-Sabil 11815:Deir Ful 11809:Talbiseh 11799:Talbiseh 11790:Zamaymer 11750:Kafr Nan 11715:Asiliyah 11638:Shinshar 11618:Saqrajah 11523:al-Hawik 11518:al-Hamam 11443:Abu Juri 11325:Masaadah 11058:Mujaydil 11053:Maryamin 11043:Kafr Ram 10928:Juwaykat 10868:al-Hafar 10693:Huwwarin 10628:Tannunah 10547:Kunaysah 10502:Bataysah 10497:Balqasah 10287:Zhuriyah 10232:Qattinah 10207:Maskanah 10202:Kafr Aya 10137:Abu Dali 9961:Talbiseh 9956:al-Tabni 9946:al-Susah 9936:al-Suwar 9916:Sirghaya 9831:Saidnaya 9806:Sabburah 9761:Qurqania 9706:Muzayrib 9686:Muhambal 9671:Maskanah 9626:Maaloula 9616:Maabatli 9591:Khanaser 9516:Jindires 9486:Jaramana 9476:al-Jalaa 9451:Huraytan 9431:al-Hirak 9396:al-Hajib 9381:al-Hader 9346:al-Dimas 9311:Busayrah 9261:Ayn Issa 9196:Akhtarin 9167:Zabadani 9062:Qamishli 8913:District 8874:Quneitra 8834:Damascus 8750:Archived 8704:Archived 8667:Archived 8630:Archived 8567:Archived 8544:Archived 8511:Archived 8478:Archived 8430:Archived 8412:(2001). 8393:Archived 8351:(1993). 8333:Archived 8183:Archived 8165:(1997). 8146:Archived 8093:Archived 8045:Archived 7984:Archived 7961:Archived 7881:Archived 7854:Archived 7816:Archived 7782:Archived 7748:Archived 7715:Archived 7695:syriens" 7616:(1952). 7554:(1911). 7527:Archived 7479:Archived 7250:Archived 6900:متحف حمص 6714:, p. 178 6706:(1985), 6674:Archived 6672:. 2009. 6628:Archived 6268:Archived 6241:Archived 6205:Archived 6127:Archived 6052:Archived 5996:Archived 5962:Archived 5954:(2011). 5715:(1980). 5691:Archived 5662:Archived 5553:Archived 5510:Archived 5203:(2007). 5097:Archived 5038:Archived 5003:Archived 4948:Archived 4802:Archived 4748:19 April 4695:Archived 4677:19 April 4641:19 April 4607:Archived 4575:Archived 4478:Hadriano 4454:skénitai 4404:See also 4386:, Turkey 4373:, Brazil 4355:Homs is 4276:churches 4070:American 4017:Theaters 3975:football 3832:shawarma 3734:red wine 3597:, 1.327 3568:Alawites 3518:775,404 3510:544,428 3502:806,625 3494:823,000 3486:750,000 3478:652,609 3470:540,133 3462:346,871 3454:306,000 3446:136,000 3430:~65,000 3268:Average 3122:(16.89) 3053:Average 2753:Baba Amr 2606:Talbiseh 2578:Qattinah 2570:Kafr Aya 2558:Maskanah 2538:Damascus 2511:Homs Gap 2403:Alawites 2359:captured 2274:çöl beyi 2200:, while 2186:Istanbul 2112:and the 2100:No. 31, 2080:No. 27, 1990:Damascus 1964:Ayyubids 1878:Alptakin 1862:Tulunids 1793:Mu'awiya 1639:emperor 1611:Fatimids 1568:Nemesius 1536:Eusebius 1506:Aurelian 1498:Damascus 1467:El-Gebal 1459:Macrinus 1354:and the 1340:Octavian 1184:Arethusa 1134:and the 1085:Historia 950:Emesenoi 896:Baathist 888:Ottomans 883:district 867:El-Gabal 832:Damascus 813:Damascus 464:Demonyms 396:Governor 357:District 13174:Antakya 13143:Latakia 13139:: Emesa 13104:: Tyrus 13098:: Sidon 13090:Baalbek 13070:Lebanon 12995:and the 12954:Ascalon 12908:Sebaste 12883:Palmyra 12863:Antioch 12827:Berytus 12459:Daghlah 12449:Bahzina 12418:Nasirah 12359:al-Husn 12279:Na'urah 12254:Khansaa 12229:Baznaya 12208:Hadidah 12198:Hadidah 12169:Samikah 12154:Shalluh 12109:Kafrish 11967:al-Kawm 11946:Sukhnah 11578:al-Naim 11538:al-Houz 11463:Baluzah 11370:Tarfawi 11205:Khilfah 11068:Samalil 11048:Mahnaya 11033:Jurnaya 11008:Hadatha 10953:Suwayri 10938:Muranah 10923:Jablaya 10908:Hadiyah 10843:Shayrat 10712:Al-Qabu 10618:Shalluh 10583:Nuwayha 10552:Liftaya 10467:Shamsin 10392:Hulayah 10376:Furqlus 10366:Furqlus 10357:Waridah 10352:Talamri 10177:Jawalik 10152:Fahilah 9921:Slinfah 9886:Shathah 9881:Sharran 9841:Saraqib 9826:Sahnaya 9796:al-Saan 9691:Muhasan 9661:Markada 9576:Khasham 9526:al-Qabu 9521:al-Jiza 9446:al-Hawl 9416:Harasta 9386:Hadidah 9356:Furqlus 9331:Darkush 9321:al-Dana 9291:Binnish 9271:Babbila 9226:Armanaz 9179:centres 9162:Yabroud 9147:al-Tall 9117:Salkhad 9077:Qudsaya 9067:Qardaha 9057:Palmyra 9052:an-Nabk 9042:Mhardeh 9037:Mayadin 8962:Darayya 8957:Baniyas 8915:centres 8869:Latakia 8822:centres 7642:4390311 7545:Sources 6421:16 July 6274:21 June 6058:9 March 5658:Waqfeya 4794:"Emesa" 4764:"Emesa" 4491:ṃesenos 4384:Kayseri 4357:twinned 4344:Baybars 4272:mosques 4229:Tripoli 4201:Latakia 4189:railway 4166:Baalbek 4158:Palmyra 4134:Lebanon 3950:in the 3905:Palmyra 3883:Baibars 3865:Museums 3859:hookahs 3845:falafel 3784:Batarsh 3766:Cuisine 3761:Culture 3726:liqueur 3664:lentils 3651:Ottoman 3632:Economy 3564:Turkmen 3438:65,000 3414:~2,000 3406:~7,000 3380: 3367: 3363:Alawite 3354: 3129:(≥ 1mm) 3117:(3.18) 3112:(1.89) 3107:(0.83) 3102:(0.09) 3092:(0.01) 3087:(0.10) 3082:(0.51) 3077:(1.31) 3072:(2.22) 3067:(3.01) 3062:(3.74) 3048:(51.8) 3043:(38.8) 3038:(44.6) 3033:(54.9) 3028:(63.5) 3023:(68.2) 3018:(67.6) 3013:(62.8) 3008:(55.4) 3003:(48.6) 2998:(42.1) 2993:(37.9) 2988:(37.0) 2978:(62.6) 2973:(46.8) 2968:(55.6) 2963:(67.6) 2958:(75.9) 2953:(79.7) 2948:(79.0) 2943:(75.2) 2938:(68.0) 2933:(59.7) 2928:(52.0) 2923:(46.8) 2918:(44.6) 2908:(73.2) 2903:(54.5) 2898:(66.4) 2893:(80.4) 2888:(88.3) 2883:(91.0) 2878:(90.1) 2873:(87.4) 2868:(80.6) 2863:(70.9) 2858:(61.9) 2853:(55.4) 2848:(52.0) 2767:Climate 2734:Turkmen 2730:Palmyra 2674:Citadel 2550:Latakia 2475:al-Waer 2365:of the 2361:by the 2283:led by 2253:Tripoli 2147:Bedouin 2133:Baibars 2114:Mamluks 2032:Saladin 2002:Zangids 2000:-based 1978:Antioch 1919:of the 1868:-based 1860:-based 1761:: 1702:in the 1700:Palmyra 1688:Latakia 1556:diocese 1502:Zenobia 1482:Palmyra 1453:to it; 1445:colonia 1274:Silanus 1262:Hadrian 1238:Palmyra 1220:to the 1186:in his 1152:chariot 1146:on the 1091:History 1020:: 1000:: 840:Alawite 792:: 559:Climate 549:Geocode 485:: 458:775,404 326:Country 13166:Turkey 13155:Tadmur 13149:Shahba 13084:Beirut 13059:Jerash 13040:Jordan 13029:Banias 12993:Israel 12964:Gadara 12959:Gerasa 12913:Bostra 12812:Levant 12774:Moesia 12736:Italia 12587:Europe 12409:Tallah 12394:Muqlus 12344:Ballat 12313:Hawash 12129:Qanuta 12124:Naarah 12064:Baruha 12044:Aridah 12034:Akkari 11915:Tadmur 11904:Tadmur 11780:Tasnin 11775:Sulaym 11755:Kissin 11745:Hameis 11725:Dalfin 11720:Ballan 11692:Rastan 11653:Zira'a 11593:Rablah 11498:Dibbin 11453:Arjoun 11425:Qusayr 11360:Taladi 11088:Zaybaq 11073:Sinsil 11023:Haysah 11013:Harqal 10993:Arqaya 10982:Taldou 10972:Taldou 10898:Bahhur 10777:Riqama 10613:Sannun 10588:Qazhal 10452:Jandar 10442:Bureij 10436:Hisyah 10426:Hisyah 10332:Burzah 10282:Zaidal 10247:Sakrah 10182:Jawbar 10167:Halmuz 10011:Thiban 9966:Taldou 9911:Sinjar 9876:Shaqqa 9856:Sawran 9851:Sarrin 9846:Sarmin 9836:Salqin 9801:Saasaa 9781:al-Rai 9771:Rankus 9631:Madaya 9621:Maadan 9581:Kirnaz 9561:Kessab 9471:Jayrud 9441:Hisyah 9306:Bulbul 9206:Arbeen 9127:Shahba 9107:Safita 9072:Qatana 9032:Masyaf 9027:Manbij 9002:Jableh 8952:al-Bab 8937:Atarib 8932:Arihah 8894:Tartus 8829:Aleppo 8696: 8659: 8622: 8600: 8536: 8503: 8460: 8422: 8385: 8363: 8325: 8304: 8285: 8265: 8228: 8207: 8175: 8138: 8117: 8085: 8037: 8016: 7953: 7932: 7905: 7846: 7808: 7774: 7740: 7709: 7693:Numeri 7640: 7602: 7583: 7485:23 May 7443: 7421:Levant 6662:"Ḥimṣ" 6373:"Homs" 6119: 6082: 6044: 5725: 5582: 5215: 5044:25 May 5009:25 May 4995: 4940: 4769:Lexico 4736:"Homs" 4709:Lexico 4704:"Homs" 4692:"Homs" 4657:"Homs" 4629:"Homs" 4399:, Iran 4359:with: 4284:French 4170:Beirut 4160:, and 4154:Tartus 4146:Turkey 4138:Jordan 4130:Beirut 3958:Sports 3909:Badiya 3879:Mamluk 3841:hummus 3803:kibbeh 3793:tahini 3719:Hisyah 3674:, and 3672:cotton 3660:barley 3609:and 6 3607:Latins 3605:, 751 3601:, 774 3584:Mardin 3562:, and 3097:(0.0) 2799:Month 2618:Zaidal 2542:Aleppo 2527:Aleppo 2446:Kirkuk 2432:(1940) 2387:revolt 2317:cotton 2269:Volney 2265:French 2248:eyalet 2238:sanjak 2218:camels 2202:grapes 2198:sesame 2182:muslin 2116:. The 2004:under 1986:Tartus 1966:, and 1866:Aleppo 1750:Arabic 1696:Tartus 1694:, and 1692:Jableh 1676:dinars 1647:under 1635:. 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