29:
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which they presented the participants with a memory set, which consists of target stimuli such as the number three. After being presented with the memory set they were rapidly shown 20 test frames which contained distractor stimuli. One of the slides they were shown contained one of the target stimuli from the memory set. With each trial, a new memory set and new test frames were presented. At the start of the experiment, participants averaged 55% in correctly identifying the target stimuli from the memory set. After 900 trials the participants were able to bring the average up to 90%. They reported that after about 600 trials the task became automatic and they were able to respond without thinking about it.
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during a number of tasks, and found that the subjects reacted more slowly to brake lights and stop signs during phone conversations than during other simultaneous tasks. A 2006 study showed that drivers talking on cell phones were more involved in rear-end collisions and sped up slower than intoxicated drivers. When talking, people must withdraw their attention from the road in order to formulate responses. Because the brain cannot focus on two sources of input at one time, driving and listening or talking, constantly changing input provided by cell phones distracts the brain and increases the likelihood of accidents.
168:, claims that instead of a "bottleneck," the brain experiences "adaptive executive control" which places priorities on each activity. These viewpoints differ in that while bottlenecking attempts to force many thoughts through the brain at once, adaptive executive control prioritizes tasks to maintain a semblance of order. The brain better understands this order and, as psychologists such as Dr. Meyer believe, can, therefore, be trained to multitask. It is not known exactly how the brain processes input and reacts to
382:. Media multitasking is when media consumers view several media platforms at the same time; such as watching TV while browsing the internet. This is evidenced by the fact that they are gaining control over deciding which messages they pay attention to or not. Nonetheless, while there is a great deal of evidence showing the negative effects of multitasking on cognitive tasks, there is no evidence showing that multitasking has a positive or neutral effect on these tasks.
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209:, plus or minus two." An illustrative example of this is a test in which a person must repeat numbers read aloud. While two or three numbers are easily repeated, fifteen numbers become more difficult. The person would, on average, repeat seven correctly. Brains are only capable of storing a limited amount of information in their short-term memories.
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than if they were done sequentially,” states Meyer. This is largely because "the brain is compelled to restart and refocus". A study by Meyer and David Kieras found that in the interim between each exchange, the brain makes no progress whatsoever. Therefore, multitasking people not only perform each task less suitably, but lose time in the process.
258:
superior memory and social cognition skills, making them more equipped for multitasking and creating solutions that work for a group." However, this study has been widely criticized because the differences could easily have been caused by increased head movement. Moreover, the link between the DTI data and behavioral performance is speculative.
100:)). Bottlenecking refers to the idea that because people only have a limited amount of attentional resources, the most important information is kept. Many researchers believe that the cognitive function subject to the most severe form of bottlenecking is the planning of actions and retrieval of information from memory. Psychiatrist
378:). While it is true that contemporary researchers find that youths in today's world exhibit high levels of multitasking, most experts believe that members of the Net Generation are not any better at multitasking than members of older generations. However, some studies from the 2010's argue that Generation Y is becoming better at
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found that, while their usage of media continued at a constant 6.5 hours per day, Americans ages 8 to 18 were crowding roughly 8.5 hours’ worth of media into their days due to multitasking. The survey showed that one quarter to one-third of the participants have more than one input “most of the time”
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quickened its ability to process the information, enabling the individuals to multitask more efficiently. However, the study also suggests that the brain is incapable of performing multiple tasks at one time, even after extensive training. This study further indicates that, while the brain can become
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found major differences in men and women's neural wiring that researchers suggested indicated that sex plays a role in multitasking skills. They said that " average, men are more likely better at learning and performing a single task at hand, like cycling or navigating directions, whereas women have
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processes information." Paul E. Dux, the co-author of the study, believes that this process can become faster through proper training. The study trained seven people to perform two simple tasks, either separately or together, and conducted brain scans of the participants. The individuals multitasked
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for women who could multitask, resulting in modern females being superior multitaskers. However, an attempted verification of this study found "that multiple methodological failures all bias their results in the same direction...their analysis does not contradict the wide body of empirical evidence
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could favor the development of a difference in men and women's cognitive abilities, based on the hunter-gatherer tasks each sex performed in the prehistoric past. This is based on the outdated belief that prehistoric males were hunters, while women were gatherers and took care of the children, and
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People have a limited ability to retain information, which worsens when the amount of information increases. For this reason, people alter information to make it more memorable, such as separating a ten-digit phone number into three smaller groups or dividing the alphabet into sets of three to five
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Multitasking is mentally and physically stressful for everyone, to the point that multitasking is used in laboratory experiments to study stressful environments. Research suggests that people who are multitasking in a learning environment are worse at learning new information compared to those who
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Because the brain cannot fully focus when multitasking, people take longer to complete tasks and are predisposed to error. When people attempt to complete many tasks at one time, “or rapidly between them, errors go way up, and it takes far longer—often double the time or more—to get the jobs done
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examined how multitasking affects academic success and found that students who engaged in high levels of multitasking reported significant issues with their academic work. A more recent study on the effects of multitasking on academic performance showed that using
Facebook and text messaging while
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describes one kind of multitasking: “It usually involves skimming the surface of the incoming data, picking out the relevant details, and moving on to the next stream. You’re paying attention, but only partially. That lets you cast a wider net, but it also runs the risk of keeping you from really
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supported the idea of supertaskers. This particular study showed that they tested people by making them drive on a driving simulator while at the same time memorizing words and solving math problems. As expected, most of the participants did much worse than their individual task test scores. The
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When studying the costs of multitasking there are typically two designs for or types of multitasking that are examined, task switching and dual tasking. Task switching involves shifting one’s attention from one thing to another. Dual tasking, on the other hand, is when attention is divided among
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Some experiments have been done that demonstrate that it is possible to divide one's attention among several tasks, how successfully depends on several factors such as how much practice one has with it or the difficulty of the task. Walter
Schneider and Robert Shiffrin performed an experiment in
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A prevalent example of this inattention to detail due to multitasking is apparent when people talk on cell phones while driving. One study found that having an accident is four times more likely when using a cell phone while driving. Another study compared reaction times for experienced drivers
1476:
Mealey, Linda (August 1994). "The
Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. US$ 55.00. ISBN 0-19-50623-7. Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA".
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Rapidly increasing technology fosters multitasking because it promotes multiple sources of input at a given time. Instead of exchanging old equipment like TV, print, and music, for new equipment such as computers, the
Internet, and video games, children and teens combine forms of media and
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Laboratory-based studies of multi-tasking indicate that one motivation for switching between tasks is to increase the time spent on the task that produces the most reward (Payne, Duggan & Neth, 2007). This reward could be progress towards an overall task goal, or it could simply be the
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10, a part of the brain's frontal lobes, is important for establishing and attaining long-term goals. Focusing on multiple dissimilar tasks at once forces the brain to process all activity in its anterior. Though the brain is complex and can perform myriad tasks, it cannot multitask well.
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opportunity to pursue a more interesting or fun activity. Payne, Duggan, and Neth (2007) found that decisions to switch task reflected either the reward provided by the current task or the availability of a suitable opportunity to switch (i.e. the completion of a subgoal). A French
50:. Some people may be proficient at the tasks in question and also be able to rapidly shift attention between the tasks, and therefore perform the tasks well; however, self-perception of being good at multitasking or getting more done while multitasking is frequently inaccurate.
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continually increase sources of input. According to studies by the Kaiser Family
Foundation, in 1999 only 16 percent of time spent using media such as Internet, television, video games, telephones, text-messaging, or e-mail was combined. In 2005, 26 percent of the time these
261:
In 2018, a study in Norway tested everyday scenarios via videogames and found that "none of the multitasking measures (accuracy, total time, total distance covered by the avatar, a prospective memory score, and a distractor management score) showed any sex differences."
338:'s idea of “continuous partial attention,” or, “constantly scanning for opportunities and staying on top of contacts, events, and activities in an effort to miss nothing”. As technology provides more distractions, attention is spread among tasks more thinly.
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Carrier, L Mark, Cheever, Nancy A, Rosen, Larry D, Benitez, Sandra, & Chang, Jennifer (2009). "Multitasking across generations: Multitasking choices and difficulty ratings in three generations of
Americans", Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 25,
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183:, discovered that the brain's capability of categorizing competing information continues to develop until ages sixteen and seventeen. A study by Vanderbilt University found that multitasking is largely limited by "the speed with which our
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has noted that, given the media-rich landscape of the
Internet era, it is tempting to get into a habit of dwelling in a constant sea of information with too many choices, which has been noted to have a negative effect on human happiness.
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Although some cultures believe that women are better at multitasking than men, there is little data available to support claims of a real sex difference. Most studies that do show any sex differences tend to find that the differences are
164:, discovered that the brain exhibits a "response selection bottleneck" when asked to perform several tasks at once. The brain must then decide which activity is most important, thereby taking more time. Psychologist David Meyer, of the
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2095:
Wood, N., & Cowan, N. (1995). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited. How frequent are attention shifts to one’s name in an irrelevant auditory channel. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(1),
325:. This increase in simultaneous media usage decreases the amount of attention paid to each device. In 2005 it was found that 82 percent of American youth use the Internet by the seventh grade in school. A 2005 survey by the
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Many studies, literature, articles, and worldwide consulting firms, stress the fact that multitasking of any kind reduces the productivity and/or increases rate of errors, thus generating unnecessary frustrations.
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section at the
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, "the most anterior part allows to leave something when it's incomplete and return to the same place and continue from there," while
84:
effect. Here, people are asked to make separate responses to each of two stimuli presented close together in time. An extremely general finding is a slowing in responses to the second-appearing stimulus.
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In 2010, a scientific study found that a small percent of the population appeared to be much better at multitasking than others, and these people were subsequently labeled "supertaskers". In 2015,
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Since the 1960s, psychologists have conducted experiments on the nature and limits of human multitasking. The simplest experimental design used to investigate human multitasking is the so-called
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and Moreno studied the phenomenon of cognitive load in multimedia learning and concluded that it is difficult, if not impossible, to learn new information while engaging in multitasking.
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has gone so far as to describe multitasking as a "mythical activity in which people believe they can perform two or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as one."
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Robert Rogers; Stephen
Monsell (1995). "The costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks". Journal of Experimental Psychology. pp. 124, 207–231.
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When scientists want to study stress, they often ask people to perform several tasks at once. That's because multitasking is a reliable way to stress people out.
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Ingalhalikar, M.; Smith, A.; Parker, D.; Satterthwaite, T. D.; Elliott, M. A.; Ruparel, K.; Hakonarson, H.; Gur, R. E.; Gur, R. C.; Verma, R. (April 16, 2014).
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Ren, Dongning; Zhou, Haotian; Fu, Xiaolan (August 2009). "A Deeper Look at Gender Difference in Multitasking: Gender-Specific Mechanism of Cognitive Control".
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1897:"The Impact of Media Multitasking on the Cognitive and Attitudinal Responses to Television Commercials: The Moderating Role of Type of Advertising Appeal"
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is the concept that one can split their attention on more than one task or activity at the same time, such as speaking on the phone while driving a car.
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multiple things at once. Studies have been done to specifically examine the brain when one is engaged in either type of multitasking. Through the use of
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237:. They also found that while each type of tasking uses different mechanisms there are also some underlying mechanisms and resources that they share.
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Koch I.; Lawo V.; Fels J.; Vorländer M. (2011). "Switching in the cocktail party: exploring intentional control of auditory selective attention".
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Ren, D.; Zhou, H.; Fu, X. (August 1, 2009). "A Deeper Look at Gender Difference in Multitasking: Gender-Specific Mechanism of Cognitive Control".
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study published in 2010 indicated preliminary support for the hypothesis that the brain can pursue at most two goals simultaneously, one for each
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Observers of youth in modern society often comment upon the apparently advanced multitasking capabilities of the youngest generations of humans (
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Szameitat, André J.; Hamaida, Yasmin; Tulley, Rebecca S.; Saylik, Rahmi; Otermans, Pauldy C. J. (October 19, 2015). Pavlova, Marina A. (ed.).
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poorly at first but, with training, were able to adeptly perform the tasks simultaneously. Brain scans of the participants indicate that the
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1582:"Female foragers sometimes hunt, yet gendered divisions of labor are real: a comment on Anderson et al. (2023) The Myth of Man the Hunter"
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Strayer D. L.; Drews F. A. (2004). "Profiles in driver distraction: effects of cell phone conversations on younger and older drivers".
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Appelbaum, Steven H.; Marchionni, Adam; Fernandez, Arturo (2008). "The multi-tasking paradox: perceptions, problems and strategies".
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Strayer, David L.; Drews, Frank A.; Crouch, Dennis J. (Summer 2006). "A Comparison of the Cell Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver".
1344:"Putting a stereotype to the test: The case of gender differences in multitasking costs in task-switching and dual-task situations"
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Strayer David L.; Drews Frank A.; Crouch Dennis J. (2006). "A Comparison of the Cell Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver".
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Gladstones, W. H.; Regan, M. A.; Lee, R. B. (1989). "Division of attention: The single-channel hypothesis revisited".
317:" for this kind of processing. Continuous partial attention is multitasking where things do not get studied in depth.
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explanations for the popular belief. One story told by evolutionary biologists Silverman and Eals speculated that a
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575:"The Multitasking Framework: The Effects of Increasing Workload on Acute Psychobiological Stress Reactivity"
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The first published use of the word "multitask" appeared in an IBM paper describing the capabilities of the
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1695:"the Pew Internet and American Life Project: Part 1: Basic Demographics of Online Teens and Their Families"
913:"Multitasking in Today's Learning Environment:Does Technology Make a Difference? University of North Texas"
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A 2019 study showed that there are not significant sex differences in multi-tasking across numerous tasks.
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46:(e.g., determining which step is next in the task just switched to) and becoming prone to errors due to
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Crazy Busy: Overstretched, Overbooked, and About to Snap! Strategies for Handling Your Fast-Paced Life
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brain scans, researchers have found that frontoparietal regions are activated which would include the
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2465:"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits On Our Capacity for Processing Information"
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1411:""Women Are Better Than Men"–Public Beliefs on Gender Differences and Other Aspects in Multitasking"
1134:"Common Cognitive Control Processes Underlying Performance in Task-Switching and Dual-Task Contexts"
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In 2008, it was estimated that $ 650 billion a year is wasted in US businesses due to multitasking.
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studying were negatively related to student grades, while online searching and emailing were not.
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preventing the brain from working on certain key aspects of both tasks at the same time (e.g., (
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Kazakova, Snezhanka; Cauberghe, Verolien; Hudders, Liselot; Labyt, Christophe (October 2016).
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Some research suggests that the human brain can be trained to multitask. A study published in
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Executive Control of Cognitive Processes in Task Switching. Human Perception and Performance
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Richter, Franziska R.; Yeung, Nick (June 19, 2014), Grange, James; Houghton, George (eds.),
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700:. Special Issue: Living in the “Net” Generation: Multitasking, Learning, and Development.
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supertaskers, however, were able to multitask without major effects to their performance.
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2674:"Discretionary task interleaving: Heuristics for time allocation in cognitive foraging"
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Hirsch, Patricia; Nolden, Sophie; Declerck, Mathieu; Koch, Iring (September 30, 2018).
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adept at processing and responding to certain information, it cannot truly multitask.
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1197:"Brain Connectivity Study Reveals Striking Differences Between Men and Women"
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1329:"Women Are Not Better at Multitasking. They Just Do More Work, Studies Show"
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The Overflowing Brain: Information Overload and the Limits of Working Memory
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The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong
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Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience
802:
Cognitive Psychology: connecting mind, research, and everyday experience
205:, believes the limits to the human brain's capacity centers around "the
4878:
4868:
4626:
4411:
4396:
4389:
4290:
4047:
4042:
3759:
3494:
3034:
2430:
1149:
733:"Dividing attention impairs metacognitive control more than monitoring"
306:
1758:
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
1055:
88:
Researchers have long suggested that there appears to be a processing
4564:
4498:
4465:
3709:
2492:
2408:
The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9–5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich
1988:
590:
1977:
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
1944:"Tuning in and tuning out: Media multitasking among young consumers"
1692:
1217:
330:
while watching television, listening to music, or reading. The 2007
4893:
4520:
4438:
4161:
3921:
3626:
2433:; Stoet, Gijsbert; O'Connor, Daryl B; Conner, Mark (October 2013).
1960:
1943:
2208:
The myth of multitasking : how doing it all gets nothing done
2148:
Rubinstein, Joshua S.; Meyer, David E.; Evans, Jeffrey E. (2001).
4853:
4659:
4493:
4062:
2797:
2282:"Multitasking Kills Productivity and That's Bad for New Business"
1974:
1723:
Daniel L. Schacter; Daniel T. Gilbert; Daniel M. Wegner (2011) .
1220:"Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain"
358:
694:"Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking"
1894:
107:
Others have researched multitasking in the area of learning.
2552:
2136:
1408:
179:
by Monica Luciana, associate professor of psychology at the
2429:
1941:
647:"Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning"
54:
do not have their attention divided among different tasks.
2743:
2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation
1693:
Amanda Lenhart; Paul Hitlin; Mary Madden (July 27, 2005).
1541:
2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation
2846:
2793:
2613:"Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory"
2210:(1st ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. p. 144.
72:
in 1965. The term has since been applied to human tasks.
2867:"Most People Can't Multitask, But a Few Are Exceptional"
2052:
1281:"No sex difference in an everyday multitasking paradigm"
1131:
286:
for gendered divisions of labor in foraging societies".
2306:
731:
Peng, Yaoping; Tullis, Jonathan G. (December 1, 2021).
1828:"How the Brains of 'Super-Multitaskers' Are Different"
1279:
Marco Hirnstein; Frank Larøi; Julien Laloyaux (2018).
691:
1014:"Multitasking Brain Divides And Conquers, To A Point"
645:
Mayer, Richard E.; Moreno, Roxana (January 1, 2003).
206:
1037:
804:. Cengage Learning. pp. Chapter 4 (pgs 85–114).
42:
Multitasking can result in time wasted due to human
2009:
622:"That Smartphone in Your Hand Changes How You Walk"
2581:
1853:
1755:
1724:
1088:
93:
2745:. IEEE Xplore - digital library. pp. 13–17.
2398:– The Multitasking Virus and the End of Learning?
2328:"Lost in E-Mail, Tech Firms Face Self-Made Beast"
2108:"Louisiana State University psychology professor"
1341:
573:Wetherell, Mark A.; Carter, Kirsty (April 2014).
4918:
855:"In-class multitasking and academic performance"
788:IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities
160:Another study by René Marois, a psychologist at
2671:
1225:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
572:
289:
2817:"Hooked on Gadgets, and Paying a Mental Price"
2672:Payne, S. J.; Duggan, G. B.; Neth, H. (2007).
479:
4271:
2902:
2435:"Are women better than men at multi-tasking?"
2164:"How Employers Can Make Us Stop Multitasking"
1097:, Oxford University Press, pp. 237–271,
860:. Computers in Human Behavior. Archived from
2114:. Louisiana State University. Archived from
1942:Bardhi, F.; Rohm, A. J.; Sultan, F. (2010).
1579:
1086:
359:Popular commentary on practical multitasking
16:Ability to perform activities simultaneously
4769:Political polarization in the United States
4285:
2916:
2681:Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
1731:(2nd ed.). Worth Publishers. pp.
1718:
1716:
1103:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199921959.003.0010
968:"Training Can Improve Multitasking Ability"
644:
4278:
4264:
2909:
2895:
2792:. Season 28. Episode 7. February 2, 2010.
2307:Derek Dean; Caroline Webb (January 2011).
2233:"Message to Executives: Stop Multitasking"
1183:"Are men or women better at multitasking?"
730:
4822:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
2861:
2842:"Think You're Multi-tasking? Think Again"
2740:
2631:
2482:
2450:
1959:
1665:"MEDIA MULTITASKING AMONG AMERICAN YOUTH"
1580:Venkataraman, et al. (May 7, 2024).
1538:
1513:
1452:
1434:
1385:
1367:
1304:
1255:
1245:
1157:
1063:
987:
885:
799:
764:
493:
253:In 2013, a brain connectivity study from
4073:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
2836:
2205:
1848:
1713:
1090:"Neuroimaging Studies of Task Switching"
936:
934:
932:
527:
525:
523:
521:
201:. George Miller, former psychologist at
27:
2811:
2610:
2401:
2325:
2230:
2105:
2099:
1856:The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less
97:
4919:
2459:
2309:"Recovering from information overload"
1803:"Time Management Tips for Freelancers"
1475:
890:. Cengage Learning. pp. 100–102.
790:- Witt, Bernard I. & Lambert, Ward
531:
4864:Psychological effects of Internet use
4259:
3565:Psychological effects of Internet use
2890:
2354:
2256:about.com : Cognitive Psychology
2252:"The Cognitive Costs of Multitasking"
2152:. Journal of Experimental Psychology.
2106:Elliott, Emily (September 18, 2012).
1672:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
1662:
965:
940:
929:
852:
518:
2715:
1180:
1095:Task Switching and Cognitive Control
992:. Oxford: Oxford UP. pp. 7, 8.
640:
638:
619:
475:
473:
268:There have been attempts to produce
4839:Digital media use and mental health
3545:Digital media use and mental health
2189:"Multitasking Gets You There Later"
1640:. November 29, 2009. Archived from
910:
904:
134:
13:
3176:Automatic and controlled processes
2381:– BBC News Monday, August 24, 2009
2348:
2249:
1606:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.014
620:Heid, Markham (January 23, 2024).
532:Wallis, Claudia (March 19, 2006).
240:
221:(which has a goal-oriented area).
14:
4943:
4844:Effects of violence in mass media
4548:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
3585:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
2776:
737:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
635:
470:
4817:2021 Facebook company files leak
4543:Mobile phones and driving safety
4236:
4223:
4211:
4210:
3610:Mobile phones and driving safety
2718:"The autumn of the multitaskers"
2393:- The Problems With Multitasking
2379:Multitaskers bad at multitasking
2231:RICHTEL, Matt (April 20, 2011).
1519:Sarah Lacy & Cara Ocobock. "
1185:. PsyBlog: understand your mind.
1138:Advances in Cognitive Psychology
94:Gladstones, Regan & Lee 1989
4789:2020 U.S. presidential election
4784:2016 U.S. presidential election
3513:Computer-mediated communication
2326:RICHTEL, Matt (June 14, 2008).
2300:
2274:
2243:
2224:
2199:
2181:
2156:
2141:
2130:
2089:
2046:
2003:
1968:
1935:
1888:
1878:
1842:
1820:
1795:
1749:
1686:
1656:
1630:
1612:
1573:
1543:. Vol. 5. pp. 13–17.
1532:
1469:
1402:
1335:
1321:
1272:
1211:
1189:
1174:
1125:
1080:
1031:
1006:
981:
959:
911:Lin, Lin (September 11, 2008).
879:
846:
826:
808:
197:letters, a phenomenon known as
82:psychological refractory period
3790:Empathising–systemising theory
3093:female intrasexual competition
3030:Evolutionarily stable strategy
1638:"Continuous Partial Attention"
1479:Politics and the Life Sciences
793:
781:
724:
685:
613:
566:
345:
1:
4360:Betteridge's law of headlines
4150:Standard social science model
3203:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
1948:Journal of Consumer Behaviour
1913:10.1080/00913367.2016.1183244
1663:Foehr, Ulla (December 2006).
534:"The Multitasking Generation"
464:
143:According to a study done by
21:Multitasking (disambiguation)
4874:Social aspects of television
4774:Social media use in politics
4424:Missing white woman syndrome
3998:Missing heritability problem
3590:Social aspects of television
3213:Evolution of nervous systems
3181:Computational theory of mind
2012:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1586:Evolution and Human Behavior
1436:10.1371/journal.pone.0140371
1369:10.1371/journal.pone.0220150
886:Goldstein, E. Bruce (2015).
800:Goldstein, E. Bruce (2011).
315:continuous partial attention
296:Continuous partial attention
290:Continuous partial attention
281:that over time, there was a
57:
7:
4385:Least objectionable program
4244:Evolutionary biology portal
2724:(Nov. 2007). Archived from
2693:10.1037/0096-3445.136.3.370
2642:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.220
2067:10.1518/hfes.46.4.640.56806
1181:Dean, Jeremy (April 2013).
504:10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.220
454:Task switching (psychology)
392:
274:sex-based division of labor
75:
10:
4948:
4720:Algorithmic radicalization
4205:Evolutionary psychologists
4078:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
3993:Human–animal communication
3705:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
3555:Imprinted brain hypothesis
3523:Human–computer interaction
2530:10.1518/001872006777724471
2024:10.1016/j.tics.2005.04.010
1770:10.1518/001872006777724471
1674:. Kaiser Family Foundation
988:Klingberg, Torkel (2009).
943:"The Myth of Multitasking"
836:. 2007. Ballantine Books.
816:"Is multi-tasking a myth?"
749:10.3758/s13423-021-01950-9
414:Directed attention fatigue
293:
61:
18:
4834:Cultural impact of TikTok
4799:
4705:
4620:
4464:
4352:
4297:
4199:
4125:Environmental determinism
4096:Cultural selection theory
4088:
3983:Evolutionary epistemology
3970:
3897:evolutionary neuroscience
3859:
3852:
3750:
3625:
3570:Rank theory of depression
3493:
3417:
3319:
3125:
3118:
3072:Parent–offspring conflict
2981:
2924:
2596:10.1080/14640748908402350
2567:10.1108/00251740810911966
1491:10.1017/s0730938400018700
1297:10.1007/s00426-018-1045-0
941:Rosen, Christine (2008).
663:10.1207/s15326985ep3801_6
235:posterior parietal cortex
231:inferior frontal junction
4906:Violence and video games
4884:Social impact of YouTube
4764:Knowledge gap hypothesis
4687:Social-desirability bias
4585:Information–action ratio
4018:Cultural group selection
3902:Biocultural anthropology
3595:Societal impacts of cars
3528:Media naturalness theory
3218:Fight-or-flight response
710:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.005
651:Educational Psychologist
327:Kaiser Family Foundation
323:media were used together
4859:Mass shooting contagion
4312:Evolutionary psychology
4218:Evolutionary psychology
4182:Sociocultural evolution
4023:Dual inheritance theory
3480:Personality development
2941:Theoretical foundations
2918:Evolutionary psychology
2389:April 27, 2021, at the
2237:The New York Times Blog
2206:Crenshaw, Dave (2008).
2168:Harvard Business Review
1791:(subscription required)
1247:10.1073/pnas.1316909110
966:Moran, Melanie (2009).
332:Harvard Business Review
181:University of Minnesota
122:August 1, 2020, at the
32:Laptop and mobile phone
4849:Fascination with death
4712:Political polarization
4640:Availability heuristic
4605:Television consumption
4140:Social constructionism
4135:Psychological nativism
4110:Biological determinism
4058:Recent human evolution
4053:Punctuated equilibrium
3876:Behavioral epigenetics
3871:evolutionary economics
3840:Variability hypothesis
3785:Emotional intelligence
3518:Engineering psychology
3208:Evolution of the brain
2620:Psychological Bulletin
2452:10.1186/2050-7283-1-18
1901:Journal of Advertising
1285:Psychological Research
853:Junco, Reynol (2012).
832:Hallowell, Edward M..
482:Psychological Bulletin
166:University of Michigan
149:cognitive neuroscience
48:insufficient attention
33:
4812:Criticism of Facebook
4692:Social influence bias
4580:Information pollution
4570:Information explosion
4553:Texting while driving
4509:Low information voter
4407:Pink-slime journalism
4167:Multilineal evolution
4130:Nature versus nurture
4089:Theoretical positions
3937:Functional psychology
3932:Evolutionary medicine
3907:Biological psychiatry
3615:Texting while driving
3605:Lead–crime hypothesis
3465:Cognitive development
3450:Caregiver deprivation
2961:Gene selection theory
2751:10.1109/ICNC.2009.542
2716:Kirn, Walter (2007).
1874:The Paradox of Choice
1625:Steven Berlin Johnson
1549:10.1109/ICNC.2009.542
302:Steven Berlin Johnson
278:hunters and gatherers
162:Vanderbilt University
64:Computer multitasking
31:
4829:Criticism of Netflix
4635:Availability cascade
4575:Information overload
4484:Attention management
4479:Attention inequality
4375:Human-interest story
4317:Behavioral modernity
4302:Cognitive psychology
4120:Cultural determinism
3927:Evolutionary biology
3912:Cognitive psychology
3860:Academic disciplines
3508:Cognitive ergonomics
3475:Language acquisition
3455:Childhood attachment
3268:Wason selection task
3162:Behavioral modernity
2951:Cognitive revolution
2934:Evolutionary thought
2722:The Atlantic Monthly
2611:Pashler, H. (1994).
2470:Psychological Review
2118:on December 21, 2012
698:Developmental Review
409:Crossmodal attention
404:Attention management
305:studying the fish."
19:For other uses, see
4742:Post-truth politics
4672:Mean world syndrome
4187:Unilineal evolution
3952:Population genetics
3737:Sexy son hypothesis
3675:Hormonal motivation
3655:Concealed ovulation
3196:Dual process theory
3067:Parental investment
2840:(October 2, 2008).
2555:Management Decision
2361:Getting Things Done
1598:2024EHumB..4506586V
1526:Scientific American
1427:2015PLoSO..1040371S
1360:2019PLoSO..1420150H
1238:2014PNAS..111..823I
1044:Human Brain Mapping
313:coined the phrase "
102:Edward M. Hallowell
4560:Influence-for-hire
4538:Media multitasking
4533:Human multitasking
4451:Tabloid television
4402:Media manipulation
4145:Social determinism
4028:Fisher's principle
3988:Great ape language
3978:Cultural evolution
3947:Philosophy of mind
3780:Division of labour
3742:Westermarck effect
3690:Mating preferences
3600:Distracted driving
3334:Literary criticism
3191:Domain specificity
3171:modularity of mind
2822:The New York Times
2332:The New York Times
2313:McKinsey Quarterly
1529:, 1 November 2023.
1331:. August 15, 2019.
1150:10.5709/acp-0239-y
822:. August 20, 2010.
626:The New York Times
424:Media multitasking
380:media multitasking
250:and inconsistent.
203:Harvard University
37:Human multitasking
34:
4914:
4913:
4737:Fake news website
4697:Spiral of silence
4650:Confirmation bias
4474:Attention economy
4456:Yellow journalism
4344:Social psychology
4253:
4252:
4231:Psychology portal
4195:
4194:
4038:Hologenome theory
4008:Unit of selection
4003:Primate cognition
3917:Cognitive science
3848:
3847:
3719:Sexual attraction
3695:Mating strategies
3460:Cinderella effect
3390:Moral foundations
3294:Visual perception
3186:Domain generality
3155:Facial expression
3103:Sexual dimorphism
3062:Natural selection
3008:Hamiltonian spite
2760:978-0-7695-3736-8
2659:on April 24, 2016
2461:Miller, George A.
2422:978-0-307-35313-9
2371:978-1-101-12849-7
2217:978-0-470-37225-8
1867:978-0-06-000569-6
1742:978-1-4292-3719-2
1644:on March 15, 2023
1558:978-0-7695-3736-8
1112:978-0-19-992195-9
1056:10.1002/hbm.21199
999:978-0-19-537288-5
897:978-1-285-76388-0
579:Stress and Health
434:Ovsiankina effect
419:Human reliability
399:Absent-mindedness
283:natural selection
190:prefrontal cortex
185:prefrontal cortex
177:Child Development
44:context switching
4939:
4759:Knowledge divide
4655:Crowd psychology
4645:Bandwagon effect
4417:Public relations
4334:Media psychology
4280:
4273:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4240:
4227:
4214:
4213:
3857:
3856:
3853:Related subjects
3640:Adult attachment
3167:Cognitive module
3123:
3122:
3110:Social selection
3084:Costly signaling
3079:Sexual selection
2966:Modern synthesis
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2863:Konnikova, Maria
2858:
2856:
2854:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2815:(June 6, 2010).
2808:
2806:
2804:
2784:"Digital Nation"
2772:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:on April 6, 2010
2712:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2652:. Archived from
2635:
2617:
2607:
2578:
2561:(9): 1313–1325.
2549:
2512:
2493:10.1037/h0043158
2486:
2456:
2454:
2426:
2413:Crown Publishers
2403:Ferriss, Timothy
2375:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2258:. Archived from
2250:Cherry, Kendra.
2247:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2179:
2178:
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2160:
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2145:
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2138:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1989:10.1037/a0022189
1983:(4): 1140–1147.
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1871:
1859:
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1818:
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1815:
1813:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1730:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:on June 22, 2022
1697:. Archived from
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1628:
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1473:
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1421:(10): e0140371.
1406:
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1308:
1276:
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1208:
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1204:
1199:. April 16, 2014
1193:
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1119:
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1003:
985:
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978:
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938:
927:
926:
924:
922:
917:
908:
902:
901:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
867:on April 3, 2013
866:
859:
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844:
830:
824:
823:
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805:
797:
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785:
779:
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768:
743:(6): 2064–2074.
728:
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721:
689:
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642:
633:
632:
617:
611:
610:
591:10.1002/smi.2496
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
538:
529:
516:
515:
497:
477:
439:Pareto principle
135:The brain's role
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4927:Neuropsychology
4917:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4795:
4710:
4701:
4677:Negativity bias
4625:
4616:
4504:Cognitive miser
4460:
4353:Media practices
4348:
4293:
4284:
4254:
4249:
4191:
4177:Neoevolutionism
4084:
4068:Species complex
4033:Group selection
3971:Research topics
3966:
3942:Neuropsychology
3844:
3830:Substance abuse
3752:Sex differences
3746:
3660:Coolidge effect
3621:
3533:Neuroergonomics
3498:
3489:
3413:
3315:
3249:Folk psychology
3130:
3114:
2984:
2977:
2920:
2915:
2877:
2875:
2865:(May 7, 2014).
2852:
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2827:
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2800:
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2779:
2761:
2731:
2729:
2676:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2633:10.1.1.324.4916
2615:
2484:10.1.1.308.8071
2423:
2391:Wayback Machine
2372:
2351:
2349:Further reading
2346:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2288:. July 22, 2011
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2262:on May 15, 2015
2248:
2244:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2051:
2047:
2008:
2004:
1973:
1969:
1940:
1936:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1868:
1850:Schwartz, Barry
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1721:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1617:
1613:
1578:
1574:
1559:
1537:
1533:
1518:
1514:
1474:
1470:
1407:
1403:
1354:(8): e0220150.
1340:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1277:
1273:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1085:
1081:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1000:
986:
982:
972:
970:
964:
960:
950:
948:
945:
939:
930:
920:
918:
915:
909:
905:
898:
884:
880:
870:
868:
864:
857:
851:
847:
831:
827:
814:
813:
809:
798:
794:
786:
782:
729:
725:
690:
686:
643:
636:
618:
614:
571:
567:
557:
555:
536:
530:
519:
495:10.1.1.324.4916
478:
471:
467:
459:Time management
444:Parkinson's Law
395:
361:
348:
298:
292:
243:
241:Sex differences
170:overstimulation
147:, chief of the
137:
124:Wayback Machine
117:Shelia R Cotten
109:Richard E Mayer
78:
66:
60:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4945:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4800:Related topics
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4716:
4714:
4707:Digital divide
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4622:Cognitive bias
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4612:Sticky content
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4600:Binge-watching
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4516:Digital zombie
4513:
4512:
4511:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Attention span
4486:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4434:Sensationalism
4431:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4380:Junk food news
4377:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4234:
4221:
4208:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3882:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3721:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Mind-blindness
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3504:
3502:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3253:theory of mind
3246:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3136:
3134:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:Baldwin effect
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2872:The New Yorker
2859:
2834:
2809:
2778:
2777:External links
2775:
2774:
2773:
2759:
2738:
2713:
2687:(3): 370–388.
2669:
2626:(2): 220–244.
2608:
2579:
2550:
2513:
2457:
2439:BMC Psychology
2427:
2421:
2399:
2394:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2318:
2299:
2273:
2242:
2223:
2216:
2198:
2180:
2155:
2140:
2129:
2098:
2088:
2061:(4): 640–649.
2045:
2018:(6): 296–305.
2002:
1967:
1961:10.1002/cb.320
1954:(4): 316–332.
1934:
1907:(4): 403–416.
1887:
1877:
1866:
1841:
1830:. May 27, 2015
1819:
1794:
1764:(2): 381–391.
1748:
1741:
1712:
1685:
1655:
1629:
1611:
1572:
1557:
1531:
1512:
1485:(2): 294–295.
1468:
1401:
1334:
1320:
1291:(2): 286–296.
1271:
1232:(2): 823–828.
1210:
1188:
1173:
1124:
1111:
1079:
1050:(1): 130–142.
1030:
1005:
998:
980:
958:
928:
903:
896:
878:
845:
825:
807:
792:
780:
723:
684:
634:
612:
585:(2): 103–109.
565:
517:
488:(2): 220–244.
468:
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
449:Polychronicity
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
394:
391:
364:Barry Schwartz
360:
357:
347:
344:
294:Main article:
291:
288:
242:
239:
145:Jordan Grafman
136:
133:
77:
74:
70:IBM System/360
62:Main article:
59:
56:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4944:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:Computer rage
4805:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4779:United States
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Filter bubble
4752:
4748:
4747:United States
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4682:Peer pressure
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Doomscrolling
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Media studies
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4291:human factors
4288:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Neo-Darwinism
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Functionalism
4155:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Connectionism
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:indeterminism
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Schizophrenia
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Mental health
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Mate guarding
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Age disparity
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3575:Schizophrenia
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3500:Mental health
3496:
3495:Human factors
3492:
3486:
3485:Socialization
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:paternal bond
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3309:NaĂŻve physics
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:Motor control
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3233:Ophidiophobia
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Arachnophobia
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:Display rules
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Kin selection
3050:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Adaptationism
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2864:
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3346:Anthropology
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3258:Intelligence
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429:Multi-boxing
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372:Generation Y
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4595:Screen time
4429:News values
4365:Gatekeeping
4307:Externality
4101:Determinism
4013:Coevolution
3957:Primatology
3795:Gender role
3700:Orientation
3580:Screen time
3437:Affectional
3419:Development
3098:Mate choice
3025:By-products
2993:Adaptations
2956:Cognitivism
2732:November 4,
2663:November 4,
2590:(A): 1–17.
2364:. Penguin.
2315:. McKinsey.
346:Supertasker
336:Linda Stone
311:Linda Stone
4921:Categories
4879:Social bot
4869:Sealioning
4627:Conformity
4412:Propaganda
4397:Media bias
4390:Soft media
4048:Population
4043:Lamarckism
3889:behavioral
3867:Behavioral
3815:Narcissism
3760:Aggression
3550:Hypophobia
3540:Depression
3427:Attachment
3409:Universals
3373:Psychology
3351:Biological
3339:Musicology
3329:Aesthetics
3228:Basophobia
3035:Exaptation
3013:Reciprocal
2286:FUEL LINES
1727:Psychology
871:January 1,
465:References
307:Multimedia
90:bottleneck
4932:Attention
4565:Infodemic
4499:Clickbait
4466:Attention
4322:Cognition
3893:cognitive
3885:Affective
3770:Cognition
3724:Sexuality
3710:Pair bond
3470:Education
3127:Cognition
3045:Inclusive
2985:processes
2973:Criticism
2803:August 2,
2789:FRONTLINE
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1921:0091-3367
1885:p483–489.
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3880:genetics
3715:Physical
3680:Jealousy
3635:Activity
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3385:Morality
3363:Language
3244:taxonomy
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2998:Altruism
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