1589:
209:
serious or too complex, or another offence is being charged which is triable only on indictment, they can send the case to the Crown Court, in which case the defendant has no say in the matter. If the magistrates decide that the case is suitable to be heard by the magistrates, then the defendant is asked for consent to do so. The defendant can then either consent to be tried summarily (though likely in a different hearing on a later date) or opt for trial by jury at the
1598:
122:
Record
Suspension an individual must complete an application that is later reviewed by the Board and a decision to grant, or deny the application is made by an officer. Under Section 7, the Parole Board of Canada also has the ability to revoke granted Record Suspensions if there is a breach in good conduct on the part of the applicant or if a person reoffends and commits an indictable offence and even in some cases a summary offence.
121:
is the administrative tribunal that has the exclusive authority to make decisions regarding Record
Suspensions. A Record Suspension is a formal means to remove the disadvantages associated with having a Criminal Record for people that have been convicted of a criminal offence. In order to apply for a
322:
In
California, one example of a wobbler offense is grand theft (PC487). In this case, the judge has the power to reduce a felony charge of this type to a misdemeanor during various stages of the proceeding, including the preliminary hearing all the way until after a defendant completes probation.
208:
When a person is charged with an either-way offence, the decision as to which court will hear the case is determined at a Mode of Trial hearing before a magistrates' court. The court decides if the case is suitable to be heard in a magistrates' court. If they decide that the case is either too
220:
Magistrates' courts have limited powers of sentencing; for example, they may not impose a sentence of imprisonment longer than twelve months. If the defendant is tried summarily in a magistrates' court and is convicted, there may still be a committal to the Crown Court for sentencing if the
299:
in which these offenses occur, the prosecuting attorney has discretion in deciding which category to charge the defendant. Prosecutors may strategically file such offenses as felonies, agreeing to refile the charge as a misdemeanor should the defendant consent to a guilty plea.
524:
276:, or on indictment (also referred to as solemn procedure) in the High Court of Justiciary or Sheriff Court. For statutory offences, the statute will provide whether the offence is triable summarily, on indictment, or both.
221:
magistrates think that their sentencing powers are inadequate. Thus it is not possible for a defendant to avoid the harsher sentences available in the Crown Court simply by accepting a summary trial.
498:
919:
185:), or an offence that can normally be tried only summarily may nonetheless be tried on indictment along with other offences that are themselves indictable (Part V of the
229:
The expression "hybrid offence" was applicable to an offence triable either on indictment or summarily. It was applicable to offences to which section 18 of the
110:
A hybrid offence is the most common type of charge in Canada. There are three types of charges and each will affect when one can apply for a Record
Suspension.
430:
1402:
1342:
929:
383:
213:, provided that they have pleaded not guilty. If they have pleaded guilty then they have no say in the matter – thus there is no way for a defendant to
314:, after a minor is declared to be delinquent following a bench trial or open plea, the judge may classify a wobbler felony as a misdemeanor instead.
1352:
733:
571:
1040:
502:
143:
1511:
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307:, the judge or magistrate has discretion to reduce a felony wobbler to a misdemeanor charge; the opposite is not permitted.
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181:
In some cases an offence may be triable only summarily because the amount of money at issue is small (section 22 of the
564:
1193:
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166:
to describe an offence which, if committed by an adult, is triable either on indictment or summarily. By contrast a
2190:
2112:
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451:
1030:
438:
230:
182:
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678:
147:
525:"California "Wobblers": How to De termine Whether a Prior California Conviction Was a Felony or a Misdemeanor"
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557:
2185:
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1114:
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When an enactment in the United
Kingdom creates an offence, it generally specifies what penalties apply
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8:
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defined as triable on indictment (cannot normally be tried in the Crown Court), whereas
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52:
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1654:
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1322:
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800:
472:
284:
139:
252:, all common law offences other than those within the exclusive jurisdiction of the
91:
The power to choose under which class a hybrid offence will be tried rests with the
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1962:
1900:
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48:
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280:
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104:
92:
56:
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1444:
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72:
2303:
1984:
1980:
1890:
1639:
1553:
708:
433:), as amended by section 170 of, and paragraph 59 of Schedule 15 to, the
210:
202:
151:
68:
64:
268:
and breach of duty by magistrates) can be tried either summarily in the
189:); these circumstances do not affect whether an offence is described as
103:(major crimes). For most indictable offences, a person has the right to
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1937:
1815:
1699:
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44:
906:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
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2015:
2005:
1967:
1905:
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1440:
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59:, an alternative misdemeanor/felony offense (colloquially known as a
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201:. Offences committed by offenders under 18 are usually tried in the
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2135:
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471:
Aldridge, Trevor M. The
Criminal Law Act 1977. Butterworths. 1978.
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437:, and by section 154 of, and paragraph 169 of Schedule 7 to, the
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1995:
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1020:
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76:
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80:
158:. Some offences allow either mode of trial, and as such the
2220:
1947:
1425:
1094:
1010:
265:
431:"construction of certain expressions relating to offences"
217:
in exchange for having a case dealt with by magistrates.
47:
jurisdictions where the case may be prosecuted either
146:
without a jury before a district judge or a panel of
1593:
1343:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
930:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
534:. Administrative Office of the United States Courts
287:, and is determined in a process known as marking.
1338:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
925:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
488:Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, section 3
2320:
79:sentence) as possible punishment, for example,
142:, the first expression refers to a trial in a
1505:
565:
150:, while the latter refers to a trial in the
43:is one of the special class offences in the
16:Class of offence in common law jurisdictions
532:Defender Services Office, Training Division
429:, section 5 and Schedule 1 (in the heading
1512:
1498:
572:
558:
499:"California Penal Code, Section 484-502.9"
892:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
579:
279:The choice of forum is a matter for the
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1085:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
897:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
1493:
1053:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
553:
960:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
125:
13:
1519:
205:, which has different procedures.
14:
2340:
384:"Record Suspensions - Fact Sheet"
236:See sections 14(c) and 64 of the
95:. Hybrid offences can either be
2113:Perverting the course of justice
1596:
1587:
1535:. Not all types are listed here.
1353:Encouraging or assisting a crime
1313:Perverting the course of justice
734:Encouraging or assisting a crime
522:
290:
178:includes an either way offence.
1851:Intellectual property violation
1477:History of English criminal law
1368:Obstruction of a police officer
1031:Fear or provocation of violence
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1378:Refusing to assist a constable
1194:Taking without owner's consent
491:
482:
465:
444:
419:
402:
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333:
1:
1398:Fabrication of false evidence
1110:Misconduct in a public office
1036:Harassment, alarm or distress
610:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
326:
317:
1115:Misfeasance in public office
715:Ignorantia juris non excusat
439:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
303:After hearing evidence at a
231:Magistrates' Courts Act 1952
183:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
7:
1282:Cheating the public revenue
1074:Effecting a public mischief
920:Assault with intent to rape
479:. paragraph 195 at page 40.
270:justice of the peace courts
243:
136:on conviction on indictment
10:
2345:
1876:Possessing stolen property
1358:Escape from lawful custody
1244:Fraud by abuse of position
910:Assault with intent to rob
834:Category:Criminal defences
224:
37:offence triable either way
2290:
2255:
2155:
2122:
2071:
2025:
1919:
1779:
1613:
1585:
1541:
1528:
1474:For obsolete aspects see
1463:
1411:
1295:
1267:
1209:Misappropriation of funds
1141:Offences against property
1139:
1001:
973:
843:
823:Diminished responsibility
762:
724:
696:
628:
587:
435:Criminal Justice Act 1988
187:Criminal Justice Act 1988
86:
1975:(such as prohibition of
1296:Offences against justice
1069:Outraging public decency
993:Sexual Offences Act 2003
794:inc. participation in a
704:Lesser included offences
660:Intention in English law
655:Intention (criminal law)
254:High Court of Justiciary
427:Interpretation Act 1978
416:, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-47
373:, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-47
162:defines the expression
160:Interpretation Act 1978
2093:Miscarriage of justice
1413:Other common law areas
1363:Obstruction of justice
1105:Accessory (legal term)
867:Corporate manslaughter
119:Parole Board of Canada
33:dual procedure offence
2088:Malfeasance in office
1531:Note: Crimes vary by
1328:Misprision of treason
1249:Conspiracy to defraud
1204:Handling stolen goods
1048:Public Order Act 1986
1003:Public order offences
238:Criminal Law Act 1977
215:agree to plead guilty
132:on summary conviction
2181:Cybersex trafficking
1943:Censorship violation
1348:Harboring a fugitive
1318:Witness intimidation
1268:Forgery, personation
887:Concealment of birth
581:English criminal law
452:"Magistrates' Court"
413:Criminal Records Act
388:Government of Canada
370:Criminal Records Act
345:Government of Canada
115:Criminal Records Act
29:Crown option offence
1973:Illegal consumption
1645:Criminal negligence
1403:Rescuing a prisoner
1373:Wasting police time
1131:Dereliction of duty
1090:Breach of the peace
808:Prevention of crime
670:Criminal negligence
390:. 23 September 2016
341:"Criminal offences"
305:preliminary hearing
117:, Section 2.1, the
101:indictable offences
2176:Child sexual abuse
2141:Wildlife smuggling
2131:Cruelty to animals
1920:Against the public
1749:Negligent homicide
1660:False imprisonment
1615:Against the person
1469:English law portal
1455:Criminal procedure
1120:Abuse of authority
950:False imprisonment
801:Medical procedures
629:Elements of crimes
176:indictable offence
164:triable either way
144:magistrates' court
99:(minor crimes) or
2316:
2315:
2299:Wikimedia Commons
2257:Inchoate offenses
2201:Indecent exposure
1690:Human trafficking
1655:Domestic violence
1487:
1486:
1393:Contempt of court
1323:Witness tampering
1041:intent aggravates
1026:Unlawful assembly
882:Child destruction
726:Inchoate offences
588:Classes of crimes
285:procurator fiscal
140:England and Wales
138:. In relation to
126:England and Wales
2336:
1963:Ethnic cleansing
1901:Trespass to land
1796:Arms trafficking
1606:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
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1259:Webcam blackmail
1080:disorderly house
1016:Violent disorder
877:Unlawful killing
845:Offences against
683:Strict liability
574:
567:
560:
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501:. Archived from
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97:summary offences
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2231:Sex trafficking
2157:Sexual offenses
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2123:Against animals
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1831:False pretenses
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1407:
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1179:Criminal damage
1135:
1064:Public nuisance
997:
975:Sexual offences
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945:Child abduction
846:
839:
785:Loss of control
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364:
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329:
320:
293:
246:
227:
170:is one that is
168:summary offence
128:
89:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2342:
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2301:
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2268:
2263:
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2259:
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2241:Sexual slavery
2238:
2236:Sexual assault
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
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2159:
2153:
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2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
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2030:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Hostage-taking
1955:
1950:
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1333:Jury tampering
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1239:Fraud Act 2006
1236:
1234:Theft Act 1978
1231:
1229:Theft Act 1968
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1201:
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1159:Cheating (law)
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1100:Forcible entry
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988:Sexual assault
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902:Common assault
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796:sporting event
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523:Chen, Davina.
515:
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358:
347:. 24 July 2015
331:
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312:juvenile court
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274:Sheriff Courts
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127:
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88:
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71:sentence) and
21:hybrid offence
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2:
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2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Homosexuality
2189:
2187:
2184:
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505:on 2010-06-28
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477:0-406-55211-8
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281:Lord Advocate
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105:trial by jury
102:
98:
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93:crown counsel
84:
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66:
63:) lists both
62:
58:
57:United States
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2329:Criminal law
2281:Solicitation
2216:Prostitution
2206:Masturbation
2037:Lèse-majesté
2026:Against the
1821:Embezzlement
1710:Manslaughter
1695:Intimidation
1573:
1533:jurisdiction
1530:
1475:
1467:
1270:and cheating
1254:Fare evasion
863:Manslaughter
832:
828:Intoxication
770:Self-defence
713:
665:Recklessness
647:
635:
599:
536:. Retrieved
531:
518:
507:. Retrieved
503:the original
493:
484:
467:
455:. Retrieved
446:
421:
411:
404:
392:. Retrieved
387:
378:
368:
361:
349:. Retrieved
344:
335:
321:
309:
302:
294:
278:
247:
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228:
219:
207:
198:
194:
190:
180:
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167:
163:
135:
131:
129:
112:
109:
90:
73:state prison
60:
40:
36:
32:
28:
25:dual offence
24:
20:
18:
2186:Fornication
2103:Obstruction
2083:Compounding
1891:Tax evasion
1640:Child abuse
1554:Misdemeanor
871:Infanticide
709:Concurrence
297:U.S. states
211:Crown Court
203:Youth Court
152:Crown Court
148:magistrates
69:misdemeanor
65:county jail
2294:WikiSource
2276:Incitement
2271:Conspiracy
2146:Bestiality
2098:Misprision
2062:Subversion
2016:War crimes
2011:Usurpation
1938:Corruption
1816:Cybercrime
1700:Kidnapping
1680:Hate crime
1670:Harassment
1650:Defamation
1604:Law portal
1579:Corruption
1569:Indictable
1549:Infraction
1224:Cybercrime
1154:Dishonesty
1078:Keeping a
955:Harassment
940:Kidnapping
847:the person
739:Conspiracy
637:Actus reus
620:Common law
600:Either way
595:Indictable
509:2010-06-12
327:References
318:California
199:either way
195:indictable
113:Under the
53:indictment
45:common law
2304:Wikiquote
2246:Voyeurism
2226:Pederasty
2211:Obscenity
2052:Secession
2047:Espionage
2006:Terrorism
1968:Smuggling
1906:Vandalism
1886:Smuggling
1826:Extortion
1801:Blackmail
1714:corporate
1520:Types of
1388:Espionage
1219:Extortion
1214:Blackmail
1199:Deception
1184:Squatting
780:Necessity
744:Accessory
697:Doctrines
688:Omissions
679:Vicarious
675:Corporate
643:Causation
615:Statutory
250:Scots law
233:applied.
55:. In the
49:summarily
2323:Category
2309:Wikinews
2166:Adultery
2136:Poaching
2072:Against
2057:Sedition
2001:Regicide
1953:Genocide
1928:Apostasy
1910:Mischief
1846:Gambling
1811:Burglary
1782:property
1780:Against
1764:Stabbing
1759:Stalking
1742:Homicide
1705:Menacing
1685:Homicide
1450:Evidence
1431:Property
1421:Contract
1383:Sedition
1287:Uttering
1189:Trespass
1164:Burglary
1062:Causing
1058:Nuisance
855:Homicide
818:Insanity
763:Defences
649:Mens rea
538:27 April
394:27 April
351:27 April
244:Scotland
2266:Attempt
2108:Perjury
2074:justice
2042:Treason
1985:smoking
1981:alcohol
1948:Dueling
1933:Begging
1881:Robbery
1861:Looting
1856:Larceny
1836:Forgery
1806:Bribery
1769:Torture
1754:Robbery
1712: (
1665:Frameup
1635:Battery
1630:Assault
1564:Summary
1542:Classes
1445:estates
1308:Perjury
1303:Bribery
1277:Forgery
1169:Robbery
1127:of oath
1125:Perjury
965:Treason
935:Battery
915:Robbery
790:Consent
749:Attempt
605:Summary
262:treason
225:History
191:summary
61:wobbler
41:wobbler
2196:Incest
2171:Bigamy
1996:Piracy
1983:, and
1866:Payola
1730:felony
1725:Murder
1720:Mayhem
1574:Hybrid
1559:Felony
1441:Trusts
1021:Affray
859:Murder
775:Duress
475:
457:5 June
258:murder
256:(i.e.
87:Canada
77:felony
51:or on
39:, or
2028:state
1977:drugs
1896:Theft
1841:Fraud
1791:Arson
1522:crime
1479:table
1436:Wills
1174:Theft
1149:Arson
528:(PDF)
197:, or
81:theft
2221:Rape
1443:and
1426:Tort
1095:Rout
1011:Riot
983:Rape
540:2018
473:ISBN
459:2022
425:The
396:2018
353:2018
283:and
266:rape
156:jury
310:In
295:In
272:or
248:In
172:not
154:by
134:or
83:.
31:,
2325::
1979:,
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869:/
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861:/
681:/
677:/
530:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.