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ʾIʿrab

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2270:"accusative". Sentences in Arabic are divided into two branches, of which are the incomplete phrases (jumla inshaiya) and the complete phrases (jumla khabariya). Jumla inshaiya is composed of the descriptive phrase and possessive phrase, while the jumla khabariya is made up of the verbal sentence (jumla fi'lya khabariya) and the nominal sentence (jumla ismiya khabariya). The incomplete phrase cannot be a sentence in itself, and is usually used in the complete phrases. 5521: 246:"sits" on the letter before an alif added at the end of the word (the alif shows up even in unvowelled texts). Cases, however, are marked in the Qur'an, children's books, and to remove ambiguous situations. If marked, it is shown at the end of the noun. Further information on the types of declensions is discussed in the following section, along with examples. Grammatical case endings are not pronounced in 2269:
A noun's case depends on the role that the noun plays in the sentence. There are multiple sentence structures in Arabic, each of which demands different case endings for the roles in the sentence. "Subject" does not always correspond to "nominative", nor does "object" always correspond to
3695:
Traditional Arab grammarians equated the indicative with the nominative of nouns, the subjunctive with the accusative, and the jussive with the genitive, as indicated by their names (the only pair that is not borne out in the name is the jussive-genitive pair, probably because the
1968:
These nouns denote two of something. They decline very similarly to the sound masculine plurals because they are not marked for definiteness and look the same in both the accusative and genitive cases. For the nominative, the marking is
254:(where vowel points are written), the case endings may be written even if they are not pronounced. Some Arabic textbooks or children's books skip case endings in vocalised Arabic, thus allowing both types of pronunciation. 3704:
vowel is usually dropped). It is not known whether there is a genuine historical connection or whether the resemblance is mere coincidence, caused by the fact that these are the only three short vowels available.
2222:
and diptotic fall into this category. Additionally, there are rare invariable nouns which have other endings, like any name ending with "-ayhi," like Sībawayhi (colloquially pronounced, for example, in Egypt:
2478:), then there is no verb used. Both the subject and the predicate take nominative case when there is no overt verb. Such a sentence ("This writer is famous") is formed as follows (read from right to left): 2027:
in the accusative. These nouns were reckoned by the grammarians to have originally taken the triptotic endings, but through morpho-phonotactic processes, the latter resulted. An example is "judge," which is
2298:
In a verbal sentence, the subject takes nominative case and the object takes accusative case. Such a sentence ("This writer wrote the written") would be formed as follows (read from right to left):
2603:
If there is an overt verb, the subject takes nominative and the predicate takes accusative. Such a sentence ("This writer wrote the book") is formed as follows (read from right to left):
3044:
Although there was an overt verb in the above example, a nominal sentence without an overt verb will also have its subject take accusative case because of the introduction of one of
3260:
Sentences that use these verbs are considered to be a type of nominal sentence according to Arabic grammar, not a type of verbal sentence. Although the word order may seem to be
5760: 425:, or one of its sisters. The particles are subordinating conjunctions which require that the subject of the subordinate (complement) clause be in the accusative case. 5822: 5782: 5693: 5827: 5802: 5807: 5750: 89:
or texts written for children or Arabic learners, and they are articulated when a text is formally read aloud, but they do not survive in any spoken
782:
in the indefinite (spelled identically). Some forms of indefinite accusative are mandatory even for spoken and pausal forms of Arabic, sometimes
5767: 142:, either omitting the endings altogether or only giving a small introduction. Arabic without case endings may require a different and fixed 2122:
for definiteness, as morpho-phonotactic processes have resulted in the complete loss of the case distinctions. When indefinite, they take
5557: 3926: 3899: 3356:
begins a clause, then the subject takes nominative case and the object takes accusative case. (Because of this, Arabic contrasts
4052: 114:); i.e. when the word occurs at the end of the sentence, in accordance with certain rules of Arabic pronunciation. (That is, the 3977: 3684:
in unvocalised Arabic, and the final vowel is not pronounced in pausa and in informal Arabic, leaving just one pronunciation:
3540:
The imperfective tense of the verb also has suffixed vowels, which determine the mood of the verb, There are six moods in the
4059: 3833: 3814: 3664:, short energetic; its meaning is dependent upon the prefix that is attached to it, but it often means "he (should) write"; 1524:
A few singular nouns (including many proper names and names of places), and certain types of "broken plural", are known as
155: 2475: 3674:, long energetic; its meaning is dependent upon the prefix that is attached to it, but it often means "he (must) write". 136:, thus making it similar to spoken dialects. Many Arabic textbooks for foreigners teach Arabic without a heavy focus on 4520: 192:
Case is not shown in standard orthography, with the exception of indefinite accusative nouns ending in any letter but
3874: 3855: 3795: 3776: 2011:
These nouns behave differently due to the instability of the final vowel. When indefinite, these nouns take a final
5550: 5167: 4064: 6210: 4694: 3960: 5142: 3919: 1516:
is also dropped in classical poetry at the end of a couplet, and the vowel of the ending is pronounced long.
126:; the vowel suffix may or may not be, depending on the requirements of metre.) Depending on the knowledge of 3526:(was the.writer he.writes the.book, 'the writer was writing the book'), for instance, has both a main verb ( 5893: 4459: 4010: 3520:
In a sentence with an explicit verb, the sister of kāna marks aspect for the actual verb. A sentence like
3269: 3261: 2463: 2292: 1173:
alif is not written in the accusative case. It also applies to many "broken plurals". When words end in
6132: 5708: 5543: 5103: 4582: 178: 3593: 3557: 1038: 958:
in the construct state, again, spelled identically). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding
5604: 5587: 5577: 4856: 4846: 4823: 3264:
when there is no other verb in the sentence, it is possible to have a sentence in which the order is
1509: 1296: 1278: 1087: 765:
in the construct state, again, spelled identically). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding
6095: 5524: 5432: 4914: 3912: 2225: 122:
is generally dropped at the end of a sentence or line of poetry, with the notable exception of the
1129:
This system applies to most singular nouns in Arabic. It also applies to feminine nouns ending in
797:
Diptotes never take an alif ending in the written Arabic and are never pronounced with the ending
280:
For the subject and predicate of a non-verbal (equational) sentence, with some notable exceptions.
6205: 4679: 4622: 4025: 2474:
If the verb would be "is" (that is, the predicate merely attributes something to the subject—see
4981: 6179: 4787: 4747: 4672: 4667: 4431: 3967: 133: 94: 17: 2058:'nights', is a broken plural with a final unstable vowel. With case endings this noun becomes 6169: 6149: 5513: 5346: 5298: 5108: 5090: 5083: 5073: 5068: 5060: 4880: 4615: 4587: 4577: 4381: 4005: 3050:'s sisters. (The predicate of an equation is unaffected and will remain in the nominative.) 2858:("Verily, this writer wrote the book") would be formed as follows (read from right to left): 1511: 1298: 1280: 1089: 5249: 5009: 4929: 4409: 6105: 4050: 3686: 3628: 3601: 3565: 3341: 3327: 3313: 3299: 3285: 3251: 3233: 3211: 3194: 3141: 3126: 3111: 3096: 3045: 3031: 3014: 2951: 2936: 2921: 2906: 2887: 2834: 2820: 2798: 2784: 2762: 2750: 2728: 2668: 2653: 2638: 2585: 2565: 2531: 2513: 2456: 2431: 2397: 2363: 2348: 2333: 2285: 2255: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2217: 2210: 2202: 2194: 2186: 2168: 2160: 2148: 2140: 2132: 2118:, also behave differently due to the instability of a final vowel. These nouns are marked 2112: 2102: 2094: 2087: 2068: 2048: 2037: 2002: 1994: 1950: 1907: 1865: 1854: 1836: 1797: 1677: 1669: 1649: 1641: 1629: 1616: 1595: 1572: 1564: 1556: 1548: 1537: 1493: 1478: 1463: 1451: 1429: 1414: 1399: 1387: 1365: 1350: 1335: 1323: 1306: 1288: 1254: 1237: 1220: 1207: 1193: 1184: 1175: 1147: 1138: 1120: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1068: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1015: 996: 990: 978: 965: 952: 939: 926: 913: 900: 892: 884: 876: 859: 834: 813: 798: 789: 783: 777: 771: 760: 749: 738: 727: 700: 692: 684: 670: 657: 650: 643: 636: 629: 612: 574: 553: 538: 523: 508: 483: 467: 454: 402: 388: 377: 362: 350: 338: 321: 314: 307: 300: 263: 223: 213: 195: 172: 137: 127: 108: 82: 38: 8: 6144: 6110: 5986: 5308: 5118: 4991: 4814: 4365: 4279: 4216: 90: 4207: 6174: 6164: 6117: 6060: 6037: 5956: 5476: 5162: 5078: 4875: 4800: 4539: 4525: 3257:) form a class of 13 verbs that mark the time/duration of actions, states, and events. 1543:, literally 'forbidden from inflecting') meaning that they only have two case endings. 4545: 4342: 4324: 4117: 1562:
for the genitive and accusative with no nunation. The genitive reverts to the normal
6184: 6139: 6127: 5961: 5888: 5703: 5632: 5223: 4896: 4836: 4599: 4491: 4402: 4045: 3870: 3851: 3810: 3791: 3772: 3729: 4976: 4506: 4333: 3824:
Levin, Aryeh (1995). "The Fundamental Principles of the Arab Grammarians' Theory of
177:
means "making a thing expressed, disclosed or eloquent". The term is cognate to the
6159: 6154: 6122: 6090: 6027: 6006: 5991: 5976: 5941: 5847: 5837: 5832: 5787: 5566: 5244: 5042: 5023: 4986: 4865: 4795: 4738: 4650: 4496: 4481: 4426: 4388: 4092: 4035: 3995: 3541: 72: 68: 5386: 4723: 1526: 6100: 6032: 6001: 5873: 5792: 5777: 5688: 5637: 5617: 5612: 5427: 5356: 5293: 5287: 5156: 5031: 4971: 4831: 4775: 4760: 4755: 4728: 4718: 4662: 4635: 4610: 4511: 4468: 4450: 4040: 4020: 3955: 3895: 3734: 3532:) and a sister of kāna that indicates the non-completed aspect of the main verb. 3385:("This writer was famous") would be formed as follows (read from right to left): 1079: 906:) for the indefinite. The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding 368: 326:) for the indefinite. The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding 60: 55: 5996: 5936: 5920: 5817: 5812: 5797: 5772: 5740: 5730: 5715: 5683: 5647: 5507: 5437: 5371: 5276: 5050: 4939: 4934: 4919: 4904: 4870: 4655: 4030: 3972: 3714: 2849:
begins a clause, then the subject takes accusative case instead of nominative.
1183: 1146: 706:. This is the only case (when alif is written), which affects the unvocalised 6199: 6065: 6022: 5968: 5946: 5915: 5900: 5883: 5868: 5863: 5842: 5755: 5735: 5725: 5698: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5652: 5627: 5469: 5464: 5450: 5396: 5331: 5313: 5199: 5184: 5178: 5147: 4966: 4961: 4946: 4909: 4770: 4765: 4689: 4645: 4501: 4475: 4000: 3987: 473:'the girl was beautiful' ("beautiful" is spelled the same way in both cases). 416:
The subject of an equational (non-verbal) sentence, if it is initiated with
5720: 5642: 5442: 5401: 5341: 5321: 5281: 5194: 5189: 4956: 4951: 4841: 4564: 4550: 4254: 4164: 4137: 3636:, literally meaning 'clipped off'), means 'let him write'. This can become 869:
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a usually unwritten
622:
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a usually unwritten
5267: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4252: 4244: 4234: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4180: 4172: 4162: 4154: 4145: 4135: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4108: 1305: 5951: 5878: 5745: 5622: 5336: 5228: 5172: 4924: 4085: 158: 4225: 4171: 4144: 2138:. When definite, they are not marked, and they simply retain their long 6044: 5981: 5910: 5905: 5582: 4486: 4395: 4261: 3719: 1075: 143: 31: 4351: 4297: 4288: 4243: 4236: 4189: 4182: 4153: 3724: 1581:
Diptotes never take an alif in the accusative case in written Arabic.
5391: 1313:(construct state), that is, when it is followed by a genitive. Thus: 81: 5535: 4315: 4126: 1600:), mostly denoting male human beings, the suffixes are respectively 5376: 5366: 4069: 3739: 2295:
word order. This is the preferred word order of Classical Arabic.
1083: 115: 5259: 3904: 3053:
Consider the following example ("Verily, this writer is famous"):
5411: 4075: 3807:
Expressing I'rab: The Presentation of Arabic Grammatical Analysis
1271: 1050:), that is, having three separate case endings, the suffixes are 251: 132:, some Arabic speakers may omit case endings when reading out in 123: 76: 3890: 3644:
when required for euphony, e.g. when followed by two consonants.
5326: 5254: 3950: 3935: 852:
Elative (comparative/superlative) adjectives behave similarly:
64: 721:). The dual and regular masculine plural are formed by adding 682:, which is added to the ending of all nouns not ending with a 602:
Nouns following exceptive particles in non-negative sentences.
5406: 5361: 5351: 4270: 4198: 4080: 3767:
Brustad, Kristen; Al-Batal, Mahmoud; Al-Tonsi, Abbas (1997).
2180:
Invariable nouns are usually those foreign names that end in
1843: 1656: 1285:
is dropped when the noun is preceded by the definite article
1162: 247: 5381: 2749:
There is a class of words in Arabic called the "sisters of
1834:
is only there when the noun is indefinite (not preceded by
447:"be" and its sisters (there are 13 of these verbs). Hence, 2001: 605:
The noun following the absolute, or categorical, negation
222: 212: 194: 2174:
and diptotic, then it is completely invariable for case.
1639:
is usually dropped in speech. In less formal Arabic only
1287: 655:) for the indefinite. For the indefinite accusative, the 290:
For singular nouns and broken plurals, it is marked as a
3609:), is used in phrases such as "so that he should write"; 1006:
Note: there is no dative case. Instead, the preposition
3766: 2789:(particle for emphasis, close to "it is the case that") 1036:
For fully declined nouns, known as "triptote" (‏
63:
term for the system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal
1570:
when the diptotic noun becomes definite (preceded by
154:
The term literally means 'making Arabic'. It is the
3698: 3668: 3658: 3648: 3638: 3626: 3613: 3599: 3585: 3575: 3563: 3549: 3494: 3447: 2414: 2245:), meaning 'the most eloquent '. Another example is 2216:
is not part of the root). Also, nouns that are both
716: 594: 441: 240: 30:"Irab" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see 2019:in the accusative. When definite, they take a long 1842:). Again the final vowel is dropped in speech and 1213:in pausal form, but in Classical Arabic it becomes 1031: 984:in the indefinite (spelled identically in Arabic). 371:). The regular feminine plural is formed by adding 1199:is pronounced when the case ending is added; thus 3786:Haywood, John Alfred; Nahmad, Hayim Musa (1965). 1264:when case endings are added (all usually spelled 6197: 1086:case respectively, with the addition of a final 3771:. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 1960: 567:Cardinal and ordinal numbers from 11, and 13-19 3268:. Such a non-equation sentence clearly shows 5551: 3920: 3867:A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic 3809:. Bellville: University of the Western Cape. 3785: 2469: 1863:The final "n" is dropped when the noun is in 1546:When the noun is indefinite, the endings are 3788:A new Arabic grammar of the written language 3679: 3620: 3527: 3521: 3504: 3487: 3474: 3440: 3429: 3418: 3392: 3380: 3351: 3335: 3321: 3318:('still'; literally, 'has not ceased to be') 3307: 3293: 3279: 3245: 3239: 3204: 3187: 3171: 3134: 3119: 3104: 3089: 3060: 3024: 3007: 2994: 2981: 2944: 2929: 2914: 2899: 2865: 2853: 2844: 2828: 2814: 2806: 2792: 2778: 2769: 2756: 2721: 2708: 2695: 2661: 2646: 2631: 2578: 2558: 2524: 2506: 2450: 2424: 2407: 2390: 2356: 2341: 2326: 2279: 2229:. An example of a common invariable noun is 2082: 1989: 1944: 1933: 1922: 1901: 1890: 1879: 1847: 1822: 1813: 1804: 1791: 1774: 1765: 1752: 1741: 1730: 1713: 1702: 1691: 1663: 1623: 1610: 1601: 1590: 1531: 1499: 1484: 1469: 1445: 1435: 1420: 1405: 1381: 1371: 1356: 1341: 1317: 1265: 1248: 1231: 1214: 1200: 1167: 1156: 1131: 1008: 972: 959: 946: 933: 920: 907: 870: 853: 841: 820: 766: 755: 744: 733: 722: 711: 677: 664: 623: 606: 589: 580: 559: 544: 529: 514: 504:Internal object/cognate accusative structure 477: 461: 448: 435: 429: 417: 407: 383: 372: 356: 344: 333: 327: 294: 268: 232: 204: 165: 102: 45: 1860:, making all cases pronounced identically. 832:The second, third, fourth, etc. term of an 5558: 5544: 3927: 3913: 1584: 97:, these suffixes are often not pronounced 3869:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3850:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 1785: 1589:In the case of sound masculine plurals ( 1303:is also dropped when the noun is used in 3790:(2nd ed.). London: Lund Humphries. 1001:) in the genitive and are never nunated. 492:As the complement of verbs of "seeming". 489:and its sisters in an equational clause. 3804: 3224: 2110:These nouns, like their close relative 2046:respectively. Also, a noun can be both 1790:In the case of sound feminine plurals ( 250:and in less formal forms of Arabic. In 14: 6198: 3864: 3678:All the first three forms are spelled 2224: 1026: 476:Both the subject and the predicate of 75:. These suffixes are written in fully 27:System of suffixes of Classical Arabic 5565: 5539: 3908: 3834:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 3823: 2264: 2154:. An example is "hospital," which is 743:respectively (spelled identically!) ( 277:For the subject of a verbal sentence. 146:, similar to spoken Arabic dialects. 54: 3845: 3523:كَانَ ٱلْكَاتِبُ يَكْتُبُ ٱلْكِتَابَ 2444: 1977:. An example is "parents," which is 1647:is used for all cases and the final 932:respectively (spelled identically) ( 187: 3934: 3680: 3621: 3592: 3556: 3528: 3522: 3505: 3488: 3475: 3441: 3430: 3419: 3393: 3381: 3352: 3336: 3322: 3308: 3294: 3280: 3246: 3240: 3205: 3188: 3172: 3135: 3120: 3105: 3090: 3061: 3059:Nominal Sentence without Verb with 3025: 3008: 2995: 2982: 2945: 2930: 2915: 2900: 2866: 2854: 2852:Such a sentence using the particle 2845: 2829: 2815: 2807: 2793: 2779: 2770: 2757: 2722: 2709: 2696: 2662: 2647: 2632: 2579: 2559: 2525: 2507: 2476:Predicative (adjectival or nominal) 2451: 2425: 2408: 2391: 2357: 2342: 2327: 2280: 2273: 2184:or nouns that end in an additional 2083: 1990: 1945: 1934: 1923: 1902: 1891: 1880: 1848: 1823: 1814: 1805: 1792: 1775: 1766: 1753: 1742: 1731: 1714: 1703: 1692: 1664: 1624: 1611: 1602: 1591: 1532: 1500: 1485: 1470: 1446: 1436: 1421: 1406: 1382: 1372: 1357: 1342: 1318: 1266: 1249: 1232: 1215: 1201: 1168: 1157: 1132: 1037: 1009: 973: 960: 947: 934: 921: 908: 871: 854: 842: 821: 767: 756: 745: 734: 723: 712: 678: 665: 624: 607: 590: 581: 573:Exclamation of astonishment. i.e.: 560: 545: 530: 515: 478: 462: 449: 436: 430: 418: 408: 393:in the indefinite (same spelling). 384: 373: 357: 345: 334: 328: 295: 269: 233: 205: 166: 103: 46: 24: 5512:Languages between parentheses are 2741: 588:Vocative first term of construct. 396: 257: 25: 6222: 5857:Possession, companion, instrument 3884: 3848:Arabic Grammar: A Reference Guide 1973:and for the accusative/genitive, 1803:), the suffixes are respectively 1578:or is in the construct state)). 507:The accusative of specification ( 273:) is used in several situations: 5520: 5519: 2864:Nominal Sentence with Verb with 2768:) that share characteristics of 2166:respectively. If a noun is both 2023:in the nominative/genitive, and 2015:in the nominative/genitive, and 1032:Fully declined nouns (triptotes) 849:The object of a locative adverb. 806: 3805:Jalajel, David Solomon (2011). 3769:A Textbook for Arabic: Part Two 3379:Such a sentence using the verb 3275:Among the sisters of kāna are: 1675:is dropped when the noun is in 1622:. These stay the same whether 989:Note: diptotic nouns receive a 537:The circumstantial accusative ( 495:The object of a transitive verb 286:For the citation form of words. 5516:of the language on their left. 3752: 2484:Nominal Sentence without Verb 1956:: the teachers of the children 1913:: the teachers of the children 1793:جَمْعُ ٱلْمُؤَنَّثُ ٱلسَّالِمُ 1592:جَمْعُ ٱلْمُذَكَّرُ ٱلسَّالِمُ 570:Counted nouns of numbers 11–99 171:), meaning "to be fluent", so 13: 1: 3745: 3654:, Imperative, means "write!"; 2598: 2092:(deficient nouns ending with 1999:(deficient nouns ending with 1504: : the house of the man. 1440: : the house of the man. 1376: : the house of the man. 1126:when the word is indefinite. 6061:Postpositional/Prepositional 4011:Ancient South Arabian script 3978:Influence on other languages 3387: 1961:Other declensional paradigms 1635:precedes or not. The final 1597:- jam‘ al-mudhakkar as-sālim 460:'the girl is beautiful' but 149: 7: 5268: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4253: 4245: 4235: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4181: 4173: 4163: 4155: 4146: 4136: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4051: 3896:Irab and syntactic analysis 3708: 3699: 3687: 3669: 3659: 3649: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3614: 3602: 3600: 3586: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3550: 3495: 3448: 3342: 3332:('reached a state, became') 3328: 3314: 3300: 3286: 3252: 3234: 3212: 3195: 3142: 3127: 3112: 3097: 3046: 3032: 3015: 2952: 2937: 2922: 2907: 2888: 2835: 2821: 2799: 2785: 2763: 2751: 2729: 2669: 2654: 2639: 2609:Nominal Sentence with Verb 2586: 2566: 2532: 2514: 2457: 2432: 2415: 2398: 2364: 2349: 2334: 2286: 2256: 2248: 2240: 2232: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2195: 2187: 2169: 2161: 2149: 2141: 2133: 2113: 2103: 2095: 2088: 2069: 2054:and diptotal: for example, 2049: 2038: 2003: 1995: 1951: 1908: 1866: 1855: 1837: 1830:(identical spelling). The 1798: 1678: 1670: 1659:and in less formal Arabic. 1650: 1642: 1630: 1617: 1596: 1573: 1565: 1557: 1549: 1538: 1533:ٱلْمَمْنُوعُ مِنْ ٱلصَّرْفِ 1519: 1494: 1479: 1464: 1452: 1430: 1415: 1400: 1388: 1366: 1351: 1336: 1324: 1307: 1289: 1255: 1238: 1221: 1208: 1194: 1185: 1176: 1148: 1139: 1121: 1113: 1105: 1097: 1069: 1061: 1053: 1045: 1016: 997: 991: 979: 966: 953: 940: 927: 914: 901: 893: 885: 877: 860: 835: 814: 799: 794:in pausa or spoken Arabic. 790: 784: 778: 772: 761: 750: 739: 728: 717: 701: 693: 685: 671: 658: 651: 644: 637: 630: 613: 595: 585:'Oh, how beautiful she is!' 575: 554: 539: 524: 522:The accusative of purpose ( 509: 484: 468: 463:ٱلْبِنْتُ كَانَتْ جَمِيلَةً 455: 442: 403: 389: 378: 363: 351: 339: 322: 315: 308: 301: 264: 241: 224: 214: 196: 173: 138: 128: 109: 83: 39: 10: 6227: 3366:in the present tense with 2470:Equations (no copula verb) 2452:ٱلْجُمْلَةُ ٱلْاِسْمِيَّةُ 2281:ٱلْجُمْلَةُ ٱلْفِعْلِيَّةُ 1799:jam‘ al-mu’annath as-sālim 1773:is spelled identically to 1683:(construct state). Thus: 1205:("message") is pronounced 663:+ nunation is added to an 29: 6078: 6053: 6015: 5929: 5856: 5662:Location, time, direction 5661: 5605:Morphosyntactic alignment 5603: 5596: 5588:Morphosyntactic alignment 5573: 5499: 5492:Islam and Arabic language 5485: 5420: 5307: 5237: 5216: 5141: 5059: 5041: 5002: 4895: 4855: 4822: 4813: 4786: 4746: 4737: 4711: 4598: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4419: 4373: 4364: 4101: 3986: 3943: 3865:Ryding, Karin C. (2011). 3573:), means 'he writes' and 3390: 3350:If one of the sisters of 3058: 2863: 2843:If one of the sisters of 2608: 2483: 2303: 1946:مُدَرِّسَاتِ ٱلْأَوْلَادِ 1903:مُدَرِّسَاتُ ٱلْأَوْلَادِ 1699:: parents (more than two) 1393:); literally, 'erected'): 1270:when written without the 5433:Arabic script in Unicode 5168:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin 4528:(North-Eastern Tunisian) 3535: 1917:Accusative and genitive: 1760:: the parents of the men 1725:Accusative and genitive: 1721:: the parents of the men 1457:; literally, 'dragged'): 829:Objects of prepositions. 469:al-bintu kānat jamīlatan 4695:Western Egyptian Bedawi 2449:In a nominal sentence ( 1585:Sound masculine plurals 1554:for the nominative and 1329:; literally, "raised"): 846:genitive construction). 788:is changed to a simple 531:ٱلْمَفْعُولُ لِأَجْلِهِ 3591:, subjunctive (‏ 3581:means "he will write"; 3391:Nominal Sentence with 2839:('as if', 'as though') 2278:In a verbal sentence ( 1786:Sound feminine plurals 1525: 890:) for the definite or 641:) for the definite or 564:) 'how much/how many'. 312:) for the definite or 134:Modern Standard Arabic 77:vocalized Arabic texts 6211:Linguistic morphology 5299:Quranic Arabic Corpus 4006:Ancient North Arabian 3891:Classical Arabic Blog 3555:, indicative (‏ 2811:– lākinna (but) 2287:al-jumlah al-fi‘līyah 1539:al-mamnū‘ min aṣ-ṣarf 5250:Sun and moon letters 4410:Pre-classical Arabic 3900:grammatical checking 3376:in the past tense.) 2458:al-jumlah al-ismīyah 2126:, which rests on an 1952:mudarrisāti l-awlādi 1909:mudarrisātu l-awlādi 971:in the definite and 776:in the definite and 412:) has several uses: 382:in the definite and 283:For certain adverbs. 5104:Judeo-Tripolitanian 4583:Judeo-Tripolitanian 3846:Mace, John (2002). 3270:subject–verb–object 3266:subject–verb–object 3262:verb–subject–object 3244:) and its sisters ( 2774:. Among them are: 2464:subject–verb–object 2293:verb–subject–object 1930:: (female) teachers 1887:: (female) teachers 1871:(construct state). 1754:وَالِدِي ٱلرِّجَالِ 1715:وَالِدُو ٱلرِّجَالِ 1027:Types of declension 811:The genitive case ( 525:al-maf‘ūl li-ajlihi 450:ٱلْبِنْتُ جَمِيلَةٌ 343:respectively (just 163:of the root ‘-r-b ( 5477:MacArabic encoding 3758:Hasan, 1987, I:545 2265:Sentence structure 2226:[sebæˈweː] 2178:Invariable nouns - 2084:ٱسْمُ ٱلْمَقْصُورِ 1991:ٱسْمُ ٱلْمَنْقُوصِ 501:Semi-prepositions. 456:al-bintu jamīlatun 6193: 6192: 6074: 6073: 5567:Grammatical cases 5533: 5532: 5508:extinct languages 5447:MS-DOS codepages 5212: 5211: 5208: 5207: 4891: 4890: 4809: 4808: 4707: 4706: 4403:Old Hijazi Arabic 3816:978-1-86808-716-7 3730:Arabic diacritics 3518: 3517: 3466:(sister of kāna) 3401:grammatical role 3222: 3221: 3163:(sister of inna) 3069:grammatical role 3042: 3041: 2973:(sister of inna) 2874:grammatical role 2739: 2738: 2614:grammatical role 2596: 2595: 2489:grammatical role 2445:Nominal sentences 2442: 2441: 2309:grammatical role 1489: : the house 1425: : the house 1361: : the house 1165:, but for these, 428:The predicate of 292:usually unwritten 188:Grammatical cases 91:dialect of Arabic 56:[ʔiʕraːb] 16:(Redirected from 6218: 6086:Classical Arabic 5601: 5600: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5523: 5522: 5271: 4820: 4819: 4744: 4743: 4680:Western Algerian 4627:Eastern Algerian 4623:Algerian Saharan 4553:(Lesser Kabylia) 4456: 4455: 4447: 4446: 4389:Nabataean Arabic 4371: 4370: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4258: 4248: 4240: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4203: 4194: 4186: 4176: 4168: 4158: 4149: 4141: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4093:Maltese alphabet 4056: 4036:Algerian Braille 4026:Eastern numerals 3996:Nabataean script 3929: 3922: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3880: 3861: 3842: 3828: 3820: 3801: 3782: 3759: 3756: 3702: 3690: 3683: 3682: 3672: 3662: 3652: 3642: 3634: 3632: 3624: 3623: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3596: 3589: 3579: 3571: 3569: 3560: 3553: 3542:Classical Arabic 3531: 3530: 3525: 3524: 3508: 3507: 3498: 3491: 3490: 3489:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ 3478: 3477: 3451: 3444: 3443: 3433: 3432: 3422: 3421: 3396: 3395: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3355: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3225:With sisters of 3215: 3208: 3207: 3198: 3191: 3190: 3189:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبَ 3175: 3174: 3145: 3138: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3107: 3100: 3093: 3092: 3081:Sister of ʼinna 3064: 3063: 3056: 3055: 3049: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3018: 3011: 3010: 3009:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبَ 2998: 2997: 2985: 2984: 2955: 2948: 2947: 2940: 2933: 2932: 2925: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2902: 2891: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2848: 2847: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2732: 2725: 2724: 2723:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ 2712: 2711: 2699: 2698: 2672: 2665: 2664: 2657: 2650: 2649: 2642: 2635: 2634: 2606: 2605: 2589: 2582: 2581: 2580:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ 2569: 2562: 2561: 2535: 2528: 2527: 2517: 2510: 2509: 2481: 2480: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2435: 2428: 2427: 2418: 2411: 2410: 2409:هٰذَا ٱلْكَاتِبُ 2401: 2394: 2393: 2367: 2360: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2330: 2329: 2304:Verbal Sentence 2301: 2300: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2274:Verbal sentences 2259: 2251: 2243: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2206: 2198: 2190: 2172: 2164: 2152: 2144: 2136: 2130:or occasionally 2116: 2106: 2098: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2072: 2052: 2041: 2006: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1937: 1936: 1926: 1925: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1894: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1869: 1858: 1851: 1850: 1840: 1826: 1825: 1817: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1778: 1777: 1769: 1768: 1756: 1755: 1745: 1744: 1734: 1733: 1717: 1716: 1706: 1705: 1695: 1694: 1681: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1653: 1645: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1576: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1515: 1503: 1502: 1501:بَيْتِ ٱلرَّجُلِ 1497: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1439: 1438: 1437:بَيْتَ ٱلرَّجُلِ 1433: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1410: : a house 1409: 1408: 1403: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1375: 1374: 1373:بَيْتُ ٱلرَّجُلِ 1369: 1360: 1359: 1354: 1346: : a house 1345: 1344: 1339: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1310: 1302: 1292: 1284: 1269: 1268: 1262: 1252: 1251: 1245: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1204: 1203: 1197: 1188: 1179: 1171: 1170: 1160: 1159: 1151: 1142: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1116: 1108: 1100: 1093: 1072: 1064: 1056: 1048: 1041: 1019: 1012: 1011: 1000: 994: 982: 976: 975: 969: 963: 962: 956: 950: 949: 943: 937: 936: 930: 924: 923: 917: 911: 910: 904: 896: 888: 880: 874: 873: 863: 857: 856: 845: 844: 838: 824: 823: 817: 802: 793: 787: 781: 775: 770: 769: 764: 759: 758: 753: 748: 747: 742: 737: 736: 731: 726: 725: 720: 715: 714: 704: 696: 688: 681: 680: 674: 668: 667: 661: 654: 647: 640: 633: 627: 626: 616: 610: 609: 598: 593: 592: 584: 583: 582:!مَا أَجْمَلَهَا 578: 563: 562: 557: 548: 547: 542: 533: 532: 527: 518: 517: 512: 487: 481: 480: 471: 465: 464: 458: 452: 451: 445: 439: 438: 433: 432: 421: 420: 411: 410: 406: 401:The accusative ( 392: 387: 386: 381: 376: 375: 366: 360: 359: 354: 348: 347: 342: 337: 336: 331: 330: 325: 318: 311: 304: 298: 297: 272: 271: 267: 262:The nominative ( 252:vocalised Arabic 244: 236: 235: 227: 217: 208: 207: 199: 176: 169: 168: 141: 131: 112: 106: 105: 86: 73:grammatical case 69:Classical Arabic 58: 53: 49: 48: 42: 21: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6133:Old High German 6070: 6049: 6011: 5925: 5852: 5657: 5592: 5569: 5564: 5534: 5529: 5495: 5481: 5428:Arabic keyboard 5416: 5311: 5303: 5288:Mater lectionis 5282:Triliteral root 5233: 5204: 5145: 5137: 5055: 5037: 4998: 4887: 4851: 4805: 4782: 4733: 4703: 4594: 4574:Judeo-Maghrebi 4442: 4436: 4432:Modern Standard 4415: 4360: 4097: 4041:Maltese Braille 4021:Arabic numerals 3982: 3939: 3933: 3887: 3877: 3858: 3826: 3817: 3798: 3779: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3735:Mater lectionis 3711: 3538: 3513: 3509: 3500: 3496:hādhā al-kātibu 3492: 3483: 3479: 3445: 3434: 3423: 3410:Sister of kāna 3374: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3247:أَخَوَاتُ كَانَ 3230: 3217: 3209: 3200: 3196:hādhā al-kātiba 3192: 3180: 3176: 3139: 3124: 3109: 3094: 3037: 3029: 3020: 3016:hādhā al-kātiba 3012: 3003: 2999: 2990: 2986: 2949: 2934: 2919: 2904: 2758:أَخَوَاتُ إِنَّ 2747: 2734: 2730:hādhā al-kātibu 2726: 2717: 2713: 2704: 2700: 2666: 2651: 2636: 2601: 2591: 2587:hādhā al-kātibu 2583: 2571: 2563: 2529: 2511: 2472: 2447: 2437: 2429: 2420: 2416:hādhā al-kātibu 2412: 2403: 2395: 2361: 2346: 2331: 2276: 2267: 1963: 1935:ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتِ 1918: 1892:ٱلْمُدَرِّسَاتُ 1875: 1846:, leaving only 1788: 1758:wālidī r-rijāli 1726: 1719:wālidū r-rijāli 1687: 1587: 1522: 1474: : a house 1458: 1394: 1330: 1172: 1161: 1136: 1034: 1029: 855:أَطْوَلُ وَلَدٍ 809: 599:"Oh, Abdallah!" 596:yā ‘abd-a-llah! 399: 397:Accusative case 369:construct state 260: 258:Nominative case 237: 209: 190: 152: 95:Literary Arabic 51: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6224: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6206:Arabic grammar 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6180:Serbo-Croatian 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6136: 6135: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6106:Middle English 6098: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6016:Cause, purpose 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5987:Multiplicative 5984: 5979: 5974: 5971: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5823:Superdirective 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5540: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5527: 5517: 5510: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5445: 5440: 5438:ISO/IEC 8859-6 5435: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5372:Naskh (script) 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5152: 5150: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5109:Judeo-Tunisian 5106: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5091:Judeo-Moroccan 5088: 5087: 5086: 5076: 5074:Judeo-Egyptian 5071: 5069:Judeo-Algerian 5065: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5051:Bedouin Arabic 5047: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5015: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4873: 4868: 4862: 4860: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4792: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4763: 4758: 4752: 4750: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4663:Moroccan koiné 4660: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4636:Tunisian koiné 4632:Eastern Hilal 4630: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4616:Judeo-Algerian 4611:Algerian koiné 4607:Central Hilal 4604: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4588:Judeo-Tunisian 4585: 4580: 4578:Judeo-Moroccan 4572: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4548: 4543: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4472: 4464: 4462: 4453: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4377: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4142: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4031:Arabic Braille 4028: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3893: 3886: 3885:External links 3883: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3862: 3856: 3843: 3821: 3815: 3802: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3761: 3760: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3715:Arabic grammar 3710: 3707: 3676: 3675: 3665: 3655: 3645: 3610: 3582: 3537: 3534: 3516: 3515: 3502: 3501:(this writer) 3485: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3438: 3427: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3347: 3333: 3319: 3305: 3291: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3202: 3201:(this writer) 3185: 3182: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3132: 3117: 3102: 3087: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3040: 3039: 3022: 3021:(this writer) 3005: 2992: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2942: 2927: 2912: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2841: 2840: 2826: 2812: 2804: 2790: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735:(this writer) 2719: 2706: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2659: 2644: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592:(this writer) 2576: 2573: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2522: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2471: 2468: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2422: 2421:(this writer) 2405: 2404:(the written) 2388: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2354: 2339: 2328:مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ 2324: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2263: 1985:respectively. 1962: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1942: 1941:: the teachers 1939:al-mudarrisāti 1931: 1915: 1914: 1899: 1898:: the teachers 1896:al-mudarrisātu 1888: 1787: 1784: 1762: 1761: 1750: 1739: 1723: 1722: 1711: 1700: 1655:is dropped in 1586: 1583: 1521: 1518: 1506: 1505: 1495:bayti r-rajuli 1490: 1475: 1442: 1441: 1431:bayta r-rajuli 1426: 1411: 1378: 1377: 1367:baytu r-rajuli 1362: 1347: 1166: 1155: 1130: 1094:(nunation, or 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1003: 867: 866: 865:'tallest boy'. 861:aṭwalu waladin 850: 847: 830: 808: 805: 620: 619: 603: 600: 591:يَا عبدَ اللهِ 586: 571: 568: 565: 550: 535: 520: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 474: 426: 398: 395: 288: 287: 284: 281: 278: 259: 256: 231: 203: 189: 186: 151: 148: 79:, notably the 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6223: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6096:Archaic Dutch 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930:State, manner 5928: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5783:Postdirective 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5694:Approximative 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5578:List of cases 5576: 5575: 5572: 5568: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5526: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5498: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5397:Sini (script) 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5387:Ruqʿah script 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:Hijazi script 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5180: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5010:Central Asian 5008: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4982:Taʽizzi-Adeni 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4561:Traras-Msirda 4560: 4559: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 4001:Arabic script 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3878: 3876:9780521771511 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3857:0-7486-1079-0 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3797:0-85331-585-X 3793: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3778:0-87840-350-7 3774: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3673: 3671: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3618: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3533: 3512: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3439: 3437: 3428: 3426: 3417: 3415:Arabic label 3414: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3389: 3386: 3377: 3375: 3365: 3344: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3236: 3228: 3216: 3214: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3088: 3086:Arabic label 3085: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3036: 3034: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3006: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2898: 2896:Arabic label 2895: 2894: 2890: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2862: 2859: 2850: 2837: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2767: 2765: 2753: 2745: 2733: 2731: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2703: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2630: 2628:Arabic label 2627: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2590: 2588: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2505: 2503:Arabic label 2502: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2436: 2434: 2423: 2419: 2417: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2325: 2323:Arabic label 2322: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2271: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2252: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2219:ism al-maqṣūr 2215: 2213: 2212:alif maqṣūrah 2207: 2205: 2199: 2197: 2196:alif maqṣūrah 2191: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2170:ism al-maqṣūr 2165: 2163: 2157: 2153: 2151: 2150:alif maqṣūrah 2145: 2143: 2137: 2135: 2129: 2128:alif maqṣūrah 2125: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2114:ism al-manqūṣ 2109: 2107: 2105: 2104:alif maqṣūrah 2099: 2097: 2090: 2089:ism al-maqṣūr 2079: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2050:ism al-manqūṣ 2045: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2008: 2007: 2005: 1997: 1996:ism al-manqūṣ 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1955: 1953: 1943: 1940: 1932: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1910: 1900: 1897: 1889: 1886: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1800: 1783: 1782:(see above). 1781: 1772: 1764:Note: ending 1759: 1751: 1749:: the parents 1748: 1743:ٱلْوَالِدِينَ 1740: 1737: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1720: 1712: 1710:: the parents 1709: 1704:ٱلْوَالِدُونَ 1701: 1698: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1646: 1644: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1621: 1619: 1608: 1598: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1529: 1528: 1517: 1513: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1434: 1432: 1427: 1419: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1282: 1275: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1212: 1210: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1164: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1141: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1102:) to produce 1101: 1099: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1057: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1040: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 993: 987: 986: 985: 983: 981: 970: 968: 957: 955: 944: 942: 931: 929: 918: 916: 905: 903: 897: 895: 889: 887: 881: 879: 864: 862: 851: 848: 839: 837: 831: 828: 827: 826: 818: 816: 807:Genitive case 804: 801: 795: 792: 786: 780: 774: 763: 752: 741: 730: 719: 710:Arabic (e.g. 709: 705: 703: 697: 695: 689: 687: 675: 673: 662: 660: 653: 648: 646: 639: 634: 632: 617: 615: 604: 601: 597: 587: 577: 572: 569: 566: 556: 551: 541: 536: 526: 521: 511: 506: 503: 500: 498:Most adverbs. 497: 494: 491: 488: 486: 475: 472: 470: 459: 457: 446: 444: 427: 424: 415: 414: 413: 405: 394: 391: 380: 370: 365: 353: 341: 324: 319: 317: 310: 305: 303: 293: 285: 282: 279: 276: 275: 274: 266: 255: 253: 249: 245: 243: 238:), where the 229: 228: 226: 219: 218: 216: 201: 200: 198: 185: 183: 182: 175: 170: 162: 161: 157: 147: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 121: 117: 113: 111: 100: 96: 92: 88: 87: 85: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 57: 43: 41: 33: 19: 6085: 5889:Instrumental 5828:Superelative 5803:Subdirective 5761:-qualitative 5704:Distributive 5633:Intransitive 5503: 5443:Windows-1256 5402:Taliq script 5342:Jeli Thuluth 5322:Ajami script 5286: 5266: 5190:Pidgin madam 5177: 5155: 5119:Judeo-Yemeni 5061:Judeo-Arabic 5043:Sociological 5030: 4992:Judeo-Yemeni 4815:Mesopotamian 4690:Libyan koiné 4474: 4467: 4460:Pre-Hilalian 4408: 4401: 4394: 4387: 4382:Proto-Arabic 4380: 4015:Zabūr script 3968:Romanization 3866: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3806: 3787: 3768: 3754: 3697: 3694: 3685: 3677: 3667: 3657: 3647: 3637: 3625: 3612: 3598: 3584: 3574: 3562: 3548: 3539: 3519: 3510: 3493: 3480: 3446: 3442:أُخْتُ كَانَ 3435: 3424: 3378: 3367: 3357: 3349: 3346:('remained') 3274: 3272:word order. 3265: 3259: 3253:akhawāt kāna 3250: 3231: 3226: 3210: 3193: 3177: 3140: 3136:أُخْتُ إِنَّ 3125: 3110: 3095: 3052: 3043: 3030: 3013: 3000: 2987: 2950: 2946:أُخْتُ إِنَّ 2935: 2920: 2905: 2851: 2842: 2764:akhawāt inna 2761: 2748: 2743: 2727: 2714: 2701: 2667: 2652: 2637: 2602: 2584: 2564: 2530: 2512: 2473: 2466:word order. 2462:), there is 2455: 2448: 2430: 2413: 2396: 2392:ٱلْمَكْتُوبَ 2362: 2347: 2332: 2297: 2291:), there is 2284: 2277: 2268: 2254: 2246: 2238: 2230: 2209: 2201: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2162:al-mustashfā 2159: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2101: 2093: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1949: 1938: 1928:mudarrisātin 1927: 1924:مُدَرِّسَاتٍ 1916: 1906: 1895: 1885:mudarrisātun 1884: 1881:مُدَرِّسَاتٌ 1873: 1864: 1862: 1852: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1824:ـَاتٍ, ـَاتِ 1818: 1815:ـَاتٍ, ـَاتِ 1809: 1806:ـَاتٌ, ـَاتُ 1796: 1789: 1779: 1770: 1763: 1757: 1746: 1735: 1724: 1718: 1707: 1696: 1685: 1676: 1668: 1661: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1615: 1606: 1588: 1580: 1571: 1563: 1555: 1547: 1545: 1536: 1523: 1507: 1492: 1477: 1462: 1450: 1443: 1428: 1413: 1398: 1386: 1380:Accusative ( 1379: 1364: 1349: 1334: 1322: 1316:Nominative ( 1315: 1304: 1286: 1276: 1272:vowel points 1257: 1253: 1240: 1236: 1223: 1219: 1206: 1192: 1186:tā’ marbūṭah 1182: 1174: 1149:tā’ marbūṭah 1145: 1137: 1128: 1119: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1067: 1059: 1051: 1043: 1035: 1020: 1013: 1005: 988: 977: 964: 951: 938: 925: 912: 899: 898:+ nunation ( 891: 883: 875: 868: 858: 833: 822:ٱلْمَجْرُورُ 812: 810: 796: 707: 702:tā’ marbūṭah 699: 691: 690:followed by 683: 669: 656: 649:+ nunation ( 642: 628: 621: 611: 576:mā ajmalahā! 552:Objects of ( 516:ٱلتَّمْيِيزُ 482: 466: 453: 440: 422: 400: 320:+ nunation ( 313: 299: 291: 289: 270:ٱلْمَرْفُوعُ 261: 239: 221: 220:followed by 211: 197:tā’ marbūṭah 193: 191: 180: 164: 159: 153: 119: 107: 98: 80: 37: 36: 6111:Old English 6079:Declensions 6028:Benefactive 6007:Translative 5992:Orientative 5977:Instructive 5942:Comparative 5894:-comitative 5848:Terminative 5838:Superlative 5833:Superessive 5788:Postelative 5337:Jawi script 5309:Calligraphy 5238:Linguistics 5163:Gulf Pidgin 5079:Judeo-Iraqi 5020:Kashkadarya 4876:Judeo-Iraqi 4801:Palestinian 4712:Nile Valley 4374:Pre-Islamic 4086:Dagger alif 3619:, jussive ( 3463:nominative 3460:accusative 3160:accusative 3154:nominative 2991:(the book) 2970:accusative 2964:accusative 2825:('because') 2742:Sisters of 2705:(the book) 2687:nominative 2681:accusative 2550:nominative 2544:nominative 2379:nominative 2376:accusative 2335:maf‘ūl bihi 2261:) 'world'. 2200:(when that 2076:al-layāliya 1874:Nominative: 1747:al-wālidīna 1708:al-wālidūna 1686:Nominative: 443:kāna/yakūnu 409:ٱلْمَنْصُوب 332:-an(i) and 6200:Categories 6170:Lithuanian 6002:Semblative 5911:Possessive 5874:Comitative 5808:Subelative 5793:Postessive 5778:Pertingent 5751:Limitative 5689:Apudessive 5638:Nominative 5618:Accusative 5613:Absolutive 5583:Declension 5224:Literature 4897:Peninsular 4837:Khuzestani 4567:(Mountain) 4487:Australian 4396:Old Arabic 4046:Diacritics 3973:Numerology 3841:: 214–232. 3746:References 3720:Inflection 3670:yaktubanna 3476:مَشْهُورًا 3184:(no verb) 3157:(no verb) 3121:مُبْتَدَأٌ 3075:(no verb) 2983:ٱلْكِتَابَ 2931:مُبْتَدَأٌ 2886:Sister of 2697:ٱلْكِتَابَ 2663:مُبْتَدَأٌ 2599:Overt verb 2575:(no verb) 2547:(no verb) 2526:مُبْتَدَأٌ 2521:(no verb) 2495:(no verb) 2156:mustashfan 1966:The Dual - 1732:وَالِدِينَ 1693:وَالِدُونَ 1508:The final 1444:Genitive ( 1277:The final 1080:accusative 1076:nominative 1039:مُنْصَرِفٌ 144:word order 93:. Even in 32:Irab, Iran 6150:Hungarian 5997:Revertive 5937:Adverbial 5921:Sociative 5916:Privative 5906:Possessed 5818:Sublative 5813:Subessive 5798:Prolative 5773:Perlative 5741:Intrative 5731:Inelative 5716:Egressive 5709:-temporal 5684:Antessive 5648:Partitive 5514:varieties 5506:indicate 5421:Technical 5392:Shahmukhi 5347:Kairouani 5245:Phonology 5024:Khorasani 5014:Bakhtiari 4866:Anatolian 4796:Jordanian 4776:Damascene 4739:Levantine 4651:Hassaniya 4492:Cottenera 4427:Classical 4366:Varieties 3944:Overviews 3622:مَجْزُومٌ 3594:مَنْصُوبٌ 3577:sayaktubu 3558:مَرْفُوعٌ 3484:(famous) 3481:mashhūran 3449:ukht kāna 3309:مَا زَالَ 3232:The verb 3218:(verily) 3181:(famous) 3178:mashhūrun 3173:مَشْهُورٌ 3143:ukht inna 3038:(verily) 2988:al-kitāba 2953:ukht inna 2702:al-kitāba 2572:(famous) 2567:mashhūrun 2560:مَشْهُورٌ 2399:l-maktūba 2070:al-layālī 2044:al-qāḍiya 2036:, versus 1983:wālidayni 1738:: parents 1447:مَجْرُورٌ 1422:ٱلْبَيْتَ 1383:مَنْصُوبٌ 1358:ٱلْبَيْتُ 1319:مَرْفُوعٌ 1250:رِسَالَةٍ 1233:رِسَالَةً 1216:رِسَالَةٌ 843:إِضَافَةٌ 815:al-majrūr 510:al-tamyīz 404:al-manṣūb 265:al-marfū‘ 150:Etymology 6123:Georgian 6066:Vocative 6023:Aversive 5969:Exessive 5947:Equative 5901:Ornative 5884:Genitive 5869:Caritive 5864:Abessive 5843:Temporal 5756:Locative 5736:Inessive 5726:Illative 5699:Delative 5679:Allative 5674:Adessive 5669:Ablative 5653:Pegative 5628:Ergative 5525:Category 5377:Nastaliq 5367:Muhaqqaq 5357:Maghrebi 5217:Academic 5157:Bimbashi 5113:Tunisene 5084:Baghdadi 5032:Shirvani 4972:Hadhrami 4930:Bahraini 4881:Baghdadi 4832:Baghdadi 4771:Aleppine 4761:Lebanese 4756:Cilician 4729:Sudanese 4719:Egyptian 4600:Hilalian 4558:Western 4536:Eastern 4533:Village 4512:Żurrieqi 4476:Sicilian 4469:Andalusi 4451:Maghrebi 4420:Literary 4072:(tanwin) 4070:Nunation 3956:Alphabet 3951:Language 3938:language 3740:Mimation 3709:See also 3660:yaktuban 3597:‎ 3561:‎ 3544:, Thus: 3529:يَكْتُبُ 3471:example 3407:Subject 3340:– 3326:– 3323:أَصْبَحَ 3312:– 3298:– 3284:– 3168:example 3128:mubtada’ 3078:Subject 3004:(wrote) 2978:example 2938:mubtada’ 2883:Subject 2833:– 2819:– 2803:('that') 2797:– 2783:– 2718:(wrote) 2692:example 2670:mubtada’ 2623:Subject 2555:example 2533:mubtada’ 2498:Subject 2438:(wrote) 2387:example 2315:Subject 2257:al-dunyā 2241:al-fuṣḥá 2064:layāliya 1979:wālidāni 1736:wālidīna 1697:wālidūna 1527:diptotes 1520:Diptotes 1486:ٱلبَيْتِ 1480:al-bayti 1416:al-bayta 1352:al-baytu 1202:رِسَالَة 1084:genitive 1046:munṣarif 1042:‎ 1021:is used. 184:itself. 116:nunation 104:ٱلْوَقْف 99:in pausa 71:to mark 65:suffixes 59:) is an 47:إِعْرَاب 6175:Russian 6165:Latvian 6118:Finnish 6101:English 5957:-formal 5721:Elative 5643:Oblique 5504:Italics 5412:Thuluth 5277:Grammar 5148:pidgins 5143:Creoles 5132:Sanʽani 5017:Bukhara 4977:Sanʽani 4940:Kuwaiti 4935:Emirati 4920:Dhofari 4905:Bahrani 4871:Cypriot 4859:(Qeltu) 4686:Sulaym 4673:Western 4668:Eastern 4546:Sfaxian 4542:(Sahel) 4497:Gozitan 4482:Maltese 4102:Letters 4076:Shaddah 4065:Harakat 4060:Tashkil 3988:Scripts 3961:History 3725:Tashkīl 3640:yaktubi 3587:yaktuba 3551:yaktubu 3404:Object 3315:mā zāla 3304:('not') 3290:('was') 3072:Object 2967:(verb) 2877:Object 2836:ka-anna 2830:كَأَنَّ 2822:li-anna 2816:لِأَنَّ 2808:لٰكِنَّ 2684:(verb) 2617:Object 2492:Object 2382:(verb) 2343:فَاعِلٌ 2312:Object 2060:layālin 2056:layālin 2039:al-qāḍī 2034:qāḍiyan 1828:-āti(n) 1819:-āti(n) 1810:-ātu(n) 1407:بَيْتًا 1295:). The 1191:) the 980:-āt(in) 915:-ayn(i) 872:كَسْرَة 779:-āt(in) 729:-ayn(i) 718:bayt-an 713:بَيْتاً 708:written 676:, e.g. 625:فَتْحَة 546:ٱلْحَال 437:يَكُونُ 390:-āt(un) 367:in the 156:stem IV 124:nuniyya 118:suffix 110:al-waqf 6185:Slovak 6140:Gothic 6128:German 6038:-final 6033:Causal 5973:Formal 5962:-modal 5952:Essive 5879:Dative 5768:Medial 5746:Lative 5623:Direct 5327:Diwani 5314:Script 5272:(case) 5269:ʾIʿrāb 5255:Tajwid 5200:Bongor 5179:Maridi 5129:Habban 5003:Others 4987:Tihami 4967:Yemeni 4962:Shihhi 4947:Hejazi 4915:Bedawi 4910:Bareqi 4766:Syrian 4724:Saʽidi 4656:Nemadi 4642:Maqil 4540:Sahili 4507:Żejtun 4443:spoken 4441:Modern 3936:Arabic 3898:, and 3873:  3854:  3813:  3794:  3775:  3688:yaktub 3630:majzūm 3615:yaktub 3603:manṣūb 3567:marfū‘ 3514:(was) 3425:khabar 3420:خَبَرٌ 3329:aṣbaḥa 3295:لَيْسَ 3106:فِعْلٌ 3098:khabar 3091:خَبَرٌ 3001:kataba 2996:كَتَبَ 2916:فِعْلٌ 2908:khabar 2901:خَبَرٌ 2715:kataba 2710:كَتَبَ 2648:فِعْلٌ 2640:khabar 2633:خَبَرٌ 2515:khabar 2433:kataba 2426:كَتَبَ 2358:فِعْلٌ 2066:, and 2042:, and 1867:iḍāfah 1776:ـَيْنِ 1679:iḍāfah 1471:بَيْتٍ 1465:baytin 1453:majrūr 1401:baytan 1389:manṣūb 1343:بَيْتٌ 1337:baytun 1325:marfū‘ 1308:iḍāfah 1256:risāla 1247:, and 1239:risāla 1222:risāla 1209:risāla 1177:-a/-at 1163:hamzah 1154:) and 1140:-a/-at 1118:, and 1098:tanwīn 1082:, and 992:fatḥah 967:-āt(i) 928:-īn(a) 922:ـِيْنَ 909:ـَيْنِ 894:kasrah 878:kasrah 836:iḍāfah 773:-āt(i) 740:-īn(a) 724:ـَيْنِ 694:hamzah 659:fatḥah 645:fatḥah 631:fatḥah 540:al-ḥāl 379:-āt(u) 340:-ūn(a) 316:ḍammah 302:ḍammah 296:ضَمَّة 225:hamzah 174:ʾiʿrāb 160:masdar 139:ʾiʿrāb 129:ʾiʿrāb 84:Qur’ān 61:Arabic 40:ʾIʿrāb 6160:Latin 6155:Irish 6145:Hindi 6091:Czech 6054:Other 6045:Final 5982:Modal 5597:Cases 5486:Other 5407:Tawqi 5362:Mashq 5352:Kufic 5260:Imāla 5229:Names 5195:Turku 5123:Adeni 4957:Omani 4952:Najdi 4857:North 4847:South 4842:Shawi 4824:Gilit 4788:South 4748:North 4646:Fessi 4565:Jebli 4551:Jijel 4526:Tunis 4521:Urban 4502:Qormi 4111:ʾAlif 4081:Hamza 4053:i‘jām 3827:' 3650:uktub 3536:Verbs 3506:كَانَ 3457:case 3431:ٱسْمٌ 3382:كَانَ 3353:كَانَ 3343:ẓalla 3337:ظَلَّ 3301:laysa 3281:كَانَ 3241:كَانَ 3206:إِنَّ 3151:case 3062:إِنَّ 3026:إِنَّ 2961:case 2880:Verb 2855:إِنَّ 2846:إِنَّ 2794:أَنَّ 2780:إِنَّ 2771:إِنَّ 2678:case 2620:Verb 2541:case 2508:خَبَر 2373:case 2350:fā‘il 2318:Verb 2249:dunyā 2233:fuṣḥá 2030:qāḍin 2017:-iyan 1975:-ayni 1844:pausa 1780:-ayni 1767:ـِينَ 1657:pausa 1612:ـِينَ 1603:ـُونَ 1267:رسالة 974:ـَاتٍ 961:ـَاتِ 768:ـَاتِ 735:ـِينَ 698:or a 618:"No". 485:ẓanna 431:كَانَ 385:ـَاتٌ 374:ـَاتُ 335:ـُونَ 329:ـَانِ 248:pausa 242:-a(n) 210:) or 179:word 167:ع-ر-ب 18:I`rab 5382:Rasm 5185:Nubi 5173:Juba 5146:and 5126:Beda 5098:Wqal 5095:Kjal 4925:Gulf 4273:Ġayn 4264:ʿAyn 3871:ISBN 3852:ISBN 3829:amal 3811:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3773:ISBN 3681:يكتب 3511:kāna 3371:was 3287:kāna 3235:kāna 3227:kāna 3213:inna 3113:fi‘l 3047:inna 3033:inna 2923:fi‘l 2889:inna 2800:anna 2786:inna 2752:inna 2744:inna 2655:fi‘l 2365:fi‘l 2204:alif 2188:alif 2182:alif 2158:and 2142:alif 2134:alif 2120:only 2096:alif 2025:-iya 1981:and 1971:-āni 1849:ـَات 1821:and 1771:-īna 1662:The 1643:-īna 1618:-īna 1609:and 1607:-ūna 1074:for 945:and 935:ـَيْ 919:and 754:and 746:ـَيْ 732:and 686:alif 672:alif 561:كَمْ 479:ظَنَ 423:inna 355:and 215:alif 181:Arab 52:IPA: 5470:864 5465:720 5461:711 5458:710 5455:709 5451:708 5294:IPA 4354:Yāʾ 4345:Wāw 4336:Hāʾ 4327:Nūn 4318:Mīm 4309:Lām 4300:Kāf 4291:Qāf 4282:Fāʾ 4255:Ẓāʾ 4246:Ṭāʾ 4237:Ḍād 4228:Ṣād 4219:Šīn 4210:Sīn 4201:Zāy 4192:Rāʾ 4183:Ḏāl 4174:Dāl 4165:Ḫāʾ 4156:Ḥāʾ 4147:Ǧīm 4138:Ṯāʾ 4129:Tāʾ 4120:Bāʾ 3831:". 3436:ism 3394:كان 3373:ACC 3369:NOM 3363:NOM 3361:is 3359:NOM 2867:إنّ 2755:" ( 2208:or 2192:or 2146:or 2124:-an 2108:) - 2100:or 2013:-in 2009:) - 2004:yā’ 1838:al- 1671:-na 1631:al- 1574:al- 1290:al- 1274:). 1122:-in 1114:-an 1106:-un 1017:li- 1010:لـِ 948:ـِي 941:-ay 902:-in 800:-an 785:-an 757:ـِي 751:-ay 679:ـًا 652:-an 608:لَا 555:kam 358:ـُو 346:ـَا 323:-un 67:of 6202:: 5312:· 3839:19 3837:. 3700:-i 3692:. 2078:. 2074:, 2062:, 2032:, 2021:-ī 1856:āt 1812:, 1651:-a 1637:-a 1625:ال 1566:-i 1558:-a 1550:-u 1260:in 1243:an 1230:, 1226:un 1110:, 1078:, 1070:-i 1066:, 1062:-a 1058:, 1054:-u 998:-a 954:-ī 886:-i 825:) 819:, 803:. 791:-a 762:-ī 638:-a 614:lā 579:, 558:, 549:). 543:, 534:). 528:, 519:). 513:, 434:/ 419:إن 309:-u 120:-n 50:, 5559:e 5552:t 5545:v 3928:e 3921:t 3914:v 3879:. 3860:. 3819:. 3800:. 3781:. 3238:( 2253:( 2237:( 1853:- 1832:n 1665:ن 1530:( 1514:/ 1512:n 1510:/ 1301:/ 1299:n 1297:/ 1283:/ 1281:n 1279:/ 1258:t 1241:t 1224:t 1195:t 1181:( 1169:ا 1158:ء 1144:( 1133:ة 1092:/ 1090:n 1088:/ 995:( 882:( 840:( 666:ا 635:( 364:ū 361:- 352:ā 349:- 306:( 234:ء 230:( 206:ة 202:( 101:( 44:( 34:. 20:)

Index

I`rab
Irab, Iran
[ʔiʕraːb]
Arabic
suffixes
Classical Arabic
grammatical case
vocalized Arabic texts
Qur’ān
dialect of Arabic
Literary Arabic
nunation
nuniyya
Modern Standard Arabic
word order
stem IV
masdar
word Arab
tā’ marbūṭah
alif
hamzah
pausa
vocalised Arabic
construct state
مُنْصَرِفٌ
nominative
accusative
genitive
n
tā’ marbūṭah

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