IPv6 address - Knowledge

20: 1121:), and in particular for link-local addresses, the choice of the network interface for sending a packet may depend on which zone the address belongs to. The same address may be valid in different zones, and in use by a different host in each of those zones. Even if a single address is not in use in different zones, the address prefixes for addresses in those zones may still be identical, which makes the operating system unable to select an outgoing interface based on the information in the 3831:

value is used to construct the final address: Typically the 64 least significant bits are concatenated to the 64-bit network prefix, to yield a 128-bit address. If the network prefix is smaller than 64 bits, more bits of the hash are used. If the resulting address does not conflict with existing or reserved addresses, it is assigned to the interface. Conflicts are resolved by adjusting the duplicate address counter.

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used a hierarchical scheme, in which the mapping of subsequent groups of address bits was specified by additional A6 records, providing the possibility to renumber all hosts in a network by changing a single A6 record. As the perceived benefits of the A6 format were not deemed to outweigh the perceived costs, the method was moved to experimental status in 2002, and finally to historic status in 2012.

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precedence value serving as the role of a link cost, where higher preference is expressed as a larger value. Source addresses are preferred to have the same label value as the destination address. Addresses are matched to prefixes based on the longest-matching most-significant bit sequence. Candidate source addresses are obtained from the

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algorithm was devised. It queries DNS for IPv6 and IPv4 addresses of the target host, sorts candidate addresses using the default address selection table, and tries to establish connections in parallel. The first established connection aborts current and future attempts to connect to other addresses.

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The lower 64 bits of these addresses are populated with a 64-bit interface identifier. This should be a pseudo-random number for privacy reasons. Also for privacy reasons, the interface identifier is different for each automatically configured address of that interface. This has the disadvantage that

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subnet prefix are reserved to be used as anycast addresses. These addresses usually have the first 57 bits of the interface identifier set to 1, followed by the 7-bit anycast ID. Prefixes for the network can be of any length for routing purposes, but subnets are required to have a length of 64 bits.

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During the transition of the Internet from IPv4 to IPv6, it is typical to operate in a mixed addressing environment. For such use cases, a special notation has been introduced, which expresses IPv4-mapped and IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses by writing the least-significant 32 bits of an address in the

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that take several inputs. The first uses a public key and a random modifier; the latter being incremented repeatedly until a specific amount of zero bits of the resulting hash is acquired. The second hash function takes the network prefix and the previous hash value. The least significant 64 bits of

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to handle connections from clients using IPv6 or IPv4 protocols. IPv6 clients are handled natively by default, and IPv4 clients appear as IPv6 clients at their IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. Transmission is handled similarly; established sockets may be used to transmit IPv4 or IPv6 datagram, based on the

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IPv6-enabled network interfaces usually have more than one IPv6 address, for example, a link-local and a global address. They may also have temporary addresses that change after a certain lifetime has expired. IPv6 introduces the concepts of address scope and selection preference, yielding multiple

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have global scope, but they are not globally administered. As a result, only other hosts in the same administrative domain (e.g., an organization), or within a cooperating administrative domain are able to reach such addresses, if properly routed. As their scope is global, these addresses are valid

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In 2009, many DNS resolvers in home-networking NAT devices and routers were found to handle AAAA records improperly. Some of these simply dropped DNS requests for such records, instead of properly returning the appropriate negative DNS response. Because the request is dropped, the host sending the

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Originally, two proposals existed for translating domain names to IPv6 addresses: one using AAAA records, the other using A6 records. AAAA records, the method that prevailed, are comparable to A records for IPv4, providing a simple mapping from hostname to IPv6 address. The method using A6 records

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The default configuration places preference on IPv6 usage, and selects destination addresses within the smallest possible scope, so that link-local communication is preferred over globally routed paths when otherwise equally suitable. The prefix policy table is similar to a routing table, with the

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Generation of a stable privacy address is based on a hash function that uses several stable parameters. It is implementation specific, but it is recommended to include at least the network prefix, the name of the network interface, a duplicate address counter, and a secret key. The resulting hash

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In all operating systems mentioned above, the zone index for link-local addresses actually refers to an interface, not to a zone. As multiple interfaces may belong to the same zone (e.g. when connected to the same network), in practice two addresses with different zone identifiers may actually be

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complicates several common operations, namely searching for a specific address or an address pattern in text documents or streams, and comparing addresses to determine equivalence. For mitigation of these complications, the IETF has defined a canonical format for rendering IPv6 addresses in text:

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address is assigned to a group of interfaces, usually belonging to different nodes. A packet sent to an anycast address is delivered to just one of the member interfaces, typically the nearest host, according to the routing protocol's definition of distance. Anycast addresses cannot be identified

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Applications may listen on one or more specific interfaces for incoming connections, which are shown in listings of active internet connections by a specific IP address (and a port number, separated by a colon). When the unspecified address is shown it means that an application is listening for

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field holds the binary value 0010 (link-local). Solicited-node multicast addresses are computed as a function of a node's unicast or anycast addresses. A solicited-node multicast address is created by copying the last 24 bits of a unicast or anycast address to the last 24 bits of the multicast

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The globally unique and static MAC addresses used by stateless address autoconfiguration to create interface identifiers offer an opportunity to track user equipment across time and IPv6 network prefix changes. To reduce the prospect of a user identity being permanently tied to an IPv6 address

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If a node receives a neighbor solicitation with its own tentative address as the target address, then it knows its address is not unique. The same is true if the node receives a neighbor advertisement with the tentative address as the source of the advertisement. Only after having successfully

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An IPv6 address consists of 128 bits. For each of the major addressing and routing methodologies, various address formats are recognized by dividing the 128 address bits into bit groups and using established rules for associating the values of these bit groups with special addressing features.

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The standards provide flexibility in the representation of IPv6 addresses. The full representation of eight four-digit groups may be simplified by several techniques, eliminating parts of the representation. In general, representations are shortened as much as possible. However, this practice

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IPv6 prefix is assigned to the device. This enables similar use cases as 6to4, where a single public IPv4 address gets translated into a prefix. This way, only one level of NAT is required and the devices do not need to do NAT66 internally if they need additional addresses, e.g. for

3823:) is exposed beyond the local network, permitting the tracking of user activities and correlation of user accounts to other information. It also permits vendor-specific attack strategies and reduces the size of the address space for searching for attack targets. 3826:

Stable privacy addresses were introduced to remedy these shortcomings. They are stable within a specific network but change when moving to another, to improve privacy. They are chosen deterministically, but randomly, in the entire address space of the network.

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in IPv4). This address must never be assigned to an interface and is to be used only in software before the application has learned its host's source address appropriate for a pending connection. Routers must not forward packets with the unspecified

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blocks of IPv4 addresses, which are the largest allocations of IPv4 addresses. The total pool, however, is sufficient for the foreseeable future, because there are 2 (exactly 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456) or about

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specifies that the address is valid only within the site network of an organization. It was part of the original addressing architecture in December 1995, but its use was deprecated in September 2004 because the definition of the term

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The size of a block of addresses is specified by writing a slash (/) followed by a number in decimal whose value is the length of the network prefix in bits. For example, an address block with 48 bits in the prefix is indicated by

4232:(IETF) deprecated the use of IPv4-compatible addresses. The only remaining use of this address format is to represent an IPv4 address in a table or database with fixed size members that must also be able to store an IPv6 address. 1910:

home agents anycast address. The address with value 0x7f (all bits 1) is reserved and may not be used. No more assignments from this range have been made, so all the remaining values, 0x00 through 0x7d, are reserved as well.

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portion, a node may create temporary addresses with interface identifiers based on time-varying random bit strings and relatively short lifetimes (hours to days), after which they are replaced with new addresses.

1530:(RIRs), which have the delegated task of allocation to network service providers and other local registries. The IANA has maintained the official list of allocations of the IPv6 address space since December 1995. 4468:

request has to wait for a timeout to trigger. This often causes increased latency when connecting to dual-stack IPv6/IPv4 hosts, as the client software waits for the IPv6 connection to fail before trying IPv4.

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addresses within an IPv6 transition technology. Such an IPv6 address has its first (most significant) 96 bits set to zero, while its last 32 bits are the IPv4 address that is represented. In February 2006, the

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was assigned for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHID). It was intended for experimental use. In September 2014 a second version of ORCHID was specified, and with the introduction of block

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addresses are syntactically identical to and indistinguishable from unicast addresses. Their only difference is administrative. Scopes for anycast addresses are therefore the same as for unicast addresses.

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In most cases, the lifetime does not expire because new Router Advertisements (RAs) refresh the timers. But if there are no more RAs, eventually the preferred lifetime elapses and the address becomes

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Each IPv6 address that is bound to an interface has a defined lifetime. Lifetimes are infinite, unless configured to a shorter period. There are two lifetimes that govern the state of an address: the

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The hash functions can also be used to verify if a specific IPv6 address satisfies the requirement of being a valid CGA. This way, communication can be set up between trusted addresses exclusively.

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private prefix. The procedure for selecting a 40-bit number results in only a negligible chance that two sites that wish to merge or communicate encounter address collisions, but can use the same

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address is also used by multiple hosts that acquire the multicast address destination by participating in the multicast distribution protocol among the network routers. A packet that is sent to a

4378:(IAB) reverted this intention, and decided in 2001 that arpa should retain its original function. Domains in ip6.int were moved to ip6.arpa and zone ip6.int was officially removed on 6 June 2006. 128:. However, the use of the all-nodes group is not recommended, and most IPv6 protocols use protocol-specific link-local multicast groups to avoid disturbing every interface on a given network. 101:

easily, they have the same format as unicast addresses, and differ only by their presence in the network at multiple points. Almost any unicast address can be employed as an anycast address.

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Admin-local scope is the smallest scope that must be administratively configured, i.e., not automatically derived from physical connectivity or other, non-multicast-related configuration.

3494:(NDP) on the link without disturbing all nodes on the local network. A host is required to join a solicited-node multicast group for each of its configured unicast or anycast addresses. 1925:

There are a number of addresses with special meaning in IPv6. The IANA maintains a registry of these special-purpose addresses. They represent less than 2% of the entire address space:

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implemented a transcription algorithm to represent an IPv6 address in the form of a domain name that can be used in UNC paths. For this purpose, Microsoft registered and reserved the

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was ambiguous, which led to confusing routing rules. New networks must not support this special type of address. In October 2005, a new specification replaced this address type with

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address is assigned to an interface (e.g. a subnet-router anycast address), due to the inherent non-uniqueness of this type of address, duplicate address detection is not performed.

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BSD-based operating systems (including macOS) also support an alternative, non-standard syntax, where a numeric zone index is encoded in the second 16-bit word of the address. E.g.:

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By design, only a small fraction of the address space will be used actively. The large address space ensures that addresses are almost always available, which makes the use of

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The preference selection algorithm selects the most appropriate address to use in communications with a particular destination, including the use of IPv4-mapped addresses in

212:) is contained in the most significant 64 bits of the address. The size of the routing prefix may vary; a larger prefix size means a smaller subnet ID size. The bits of the 1631:

sized blocks to the end users. IPv6 addresses are assigned to organizations in much larger blocks as compared to IPv4 address assignments—the recommended allocation is a

86:

IPv6 addresses are classified by the primary addressing and routing methodologies common in networking: unicast addressing, anycast addressing, and multicast addressing.

2456: – Addresses in the link-local prefix are only valid and unique on the local subnet. This address range is comparable to the auto-configuration addresses 74:(IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses have a size of 128 bits. Therefore, in comparison, IPv6 has a vastly enlarged 1891:

anycast address. Applications may use this address when talking to any one of the available routers, as packets sent to this address are delivered to just one router.

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as a source address when communicating with any other global-scope address, even though it may be impossible to route packets from the destination back to the source.

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The routing prefix of an interface address may be directly indicated with the address using CIDR notation. For example, the configuration of an interface with address

5297:"The KAME implementation supports an extended numeric IPv6 address notation for link-local addresses, like "fe80::1%de0" draft-ietf-ipngwg-scopedaddr-format-02.txt" 3847:

implementations. It uses a configurable preference table that associates each routing prefix with a precedence level. The default table has the following content:

1222:(UNC) path names. However, the colon is an illegal character in a UNC path name. Thus, the use of IPv6 addresses is also illegal in UNC names. For this reason, 5511: 4050:

As in IPv4, each host is represented in the DNS by two DNS records: an address record and a reverse mapping pointer record. For example, a host computer named

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group ID are filled with the least significant 24 bits of the interface's unicast or anycast address. These addresses allow link-layer address resolution via

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multicast address for the tentative address and sends neighbor solicitations, with the tentative address as the target address and the unspecified address (

2989:— This prefix is used in documentation The addresses should be used anywhere an example IPv6 address is given or model networking scenarios are described. 811:). If the address contains multiple runs of all-zero fields of the same size, to prevent ambiguities, it is the leftmost that is compressed. For example, 777:

The hexadecimal digits are always compared in case-insensitive manner, but IETF recommendations suggest the use of only lower case letters. For example,

1140:(%). Although numeric zone indices must be universally supported, the zone index may also be an implementation-dependent string. The link-local address 1439:

Realm-local scope is defined as larger than link-local, automatically determined by network topology and must not be larger than the following scopes.

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block, each having 2 (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) addresses. In contrast, the entire IPv4 address space has only 2 (exactly 4,294,967,296 or about

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is required on every IPv6-enabled interface and applications may rely on the existence of a link-local address even when there is no IPv6 routing.

7981: 2758:— A prefix for locally translated IPv4/IPv6 addresses. Addresses with this prefix can be used for multiple IPv4/IPv6 translation mechanisms like 1555:. The rest of the IPv6 address space is reserved for future use or for special purposes. The address space is assigned to the RIRs in blocks of 93:

address identifies a single network interface. The Internet Protocol delivers packets sent to a unicast address to that specific interface.

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bit, the second-least-significant bit of the underlined quartet, inverted to 1 in this case because the MAC address is universally unique).

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Temporary addresses may be used as source addresses for originating connections, while external hosts use a public address by querying the

943:. The leading set of bits of the addresses are identical for all hosts in a given network, and are called the network's address or routing 380:

field contains the binary value 1111111010. The 54 zeroes that follow make the total network prefix the same for all link-local addresses (

2966:— Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHIDv2). These are non-routed IPv6 addresses used for Cryptographic Hash Identifiers. 5551: 4508:

Assuming that eth2 is equivalent to zone number 3. This is usually the case, as real zone numbers start at 1 (0 being the 'default zone')

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groups need to be joined for neighbor discovery. For this, the solicited-node multicast address is used, formed from the network prefix

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protocol. Queries and replies may be transmitted over IPv6 or IPv4 transports regardless of the address family of the data requested.

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This pointer record may be defined in a number of zones, depending on the chain of delegation of authority in the zone d.f.ip6.arpa.

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to indicate the source and the destination of each packet. The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about routing

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If an application in a host sends packets to this address, the IPv6 stack loops these packets back on the same virtual interface.

1237:(although they gave up the domain in January 2014). IPv6 addresses are transcribed as a hostname or subdomain name within this 5823: 3819:

format has serious implications for security and privacy concerns, because the underlying hardware address (most typically the

2780:, these addresses contain their translated IPv4 address in positions 48-63 and 72-87. This means that for every IPv4 address a 1778:(NAT) for the purposes of address conservation unnecessary. NAT has been increasingly used for IPv4 networks to help alleviate 7832: 5085: 5054: 4879: 3005:— This new prefix was allocated to account for modern-day large-scale network modelling, that cannot be covered by a single 7817: 6517: 3742:

after its valid-lifetime also expires; the address is removed from the interface and may be assigned somewhere else on the

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They are routable only within a set of cooperating sites. The block is split into two halves. The lower half of the block (

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unless they can show that they need more than 65k subnets. If you have lots of consumer customers you may want to assign

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Interface-local scope spans only a single interface on a node, and is useful only for loopback transmission of multicast.

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These methods can lead to very short representations for IPv6 addresses. For example, the localhost (loopback) address,

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A Method for Generating Semantically Opaque Interface Identifiers with IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

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T. Mrugalski; M. Siodelski; B. Volz; A. Yourtchenko; M. Richardson; S. Jiang; T. Lemon; T. Winters (November 2018).

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that provide the values used for autoconfiguration, or specified when manually configuring addresses on interfaces.

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A link-local address is also based on the interface identifier, but uses a different format for the network prefix.

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API for converting a name to an interface number, it does not support the customary "name after %" extension.

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Colon (:) characters in IPv6 addresses may conflict with the established syntax of resource identifiers, such as

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on each IPv6-enabled interface, even if globally routable addresses are manually configured or obtained through

2593:) was intended for globally allocated prefixes, but an allocation method has yet to be defined. The upper half ( 1253:

This notation is automatically resolved locally by Microsoft software, without any queries to DNS name servers.

1051:. Such a block contains 2 = 2 addresses. The smaller the length of the network prefix, the larger the block: a 7907: 3295: 2392:

in IPv4) for destination addresses (unicast, multicast and others) not specified elsewhere in a routing table.

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scope, which means they can only be used on a single directly attached network. All other addresses (including

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Leading zeros in each 16-bit field are suppressed, but each group must retain at least one digit. For example,

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cope, i.e. the domain in which the multicast packet should be propagated. Predefined and reserved scopes are:

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The lowest address within each subnet prefix (the interface identifier set to all zeroes) is reserved as the

1182:, but as support for this syntax is mandatory per standard, it is also available on other operating systems. 915:, whereas the 96 most-significant bits are written in IPv6 format. For example, the IPv4-mapped IPv6 address 4002:

To minimize the time to establish a connection when multiple addresses are available for communication, the

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is delivered to all interfaces that have joined the corresponding multicast group. IPv6 does not implement

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f.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.4.0.0.0.3.2.0.0.1.c.c.5.a.d.d.f.ip6.arpa. IN PTR derrick.example.com.

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refined the recommendations for allocation of address blocks to end sites. Instead of assigning either a

4375: 3786: 3558: 3529: 3491: 1775: 1519: 1324:) scope, which means they are potentially globally routable and can be used to connect to addresses with 1256:

If the IPv6 address contains a zone index, it is appended to the address portion after an 's' character:

1196: 1082: 71: 2497:. The least significant 64 bits were previously chosen as the interface hardware address constructed in 1537:, thereby reducing the size of the Internet routing tables, only one-eighth of the total address space ( 216:

field are available to the network administrator to define subnets within the given network. The 64-bit

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to create a globally routable unicast address: the host sends router solicitation requests and an IPv6

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An IPv6 network uses an address block that is a contiguous group of IPv6 addresses of a size that is a

4426:'s views of 2001), Internet service providers should consider assigning smaller blocks (for example a 8043: 8007: 7948: 4597:

bit (the 7th most significant bit of the EUI-64, starting from 1) is inverted, so that a 1 now means

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is diminishing, since the 6to4 mechanism is deprecated since May 2015. Although IPv4 address block

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addresses are formed according to several specific formatting rules, depending on the application.

1920: 8002: 6336: 4223:, was mentioned in 1995 but never fully described. This range of addresses was used to represent 4202:

was defined as an OSI NSAP-mapped prefix set in August 1996, but was deprecated in December 2004.

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All other scopes are unassigned and available to administrators for defining additional regions.

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server, or assigned manually. (Historically, it was automatically generated from the interface's

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IPv6 address to an interface involves an internal test for the uniqueness of that address using

39:) is a numeric label that is used to identify and locate a network interface of a computer or a 4267:

was used for this purpose. Both address blocks were returned to the address pool in June 2006.

3734:, which it holds during its preferred-lifetime. After that lifetime expires the status becomes 1679: 5443: 5071: 3659:

type 135 and 136) messages. While in the process of establishing uniqueness an address has a

1199:(URI), the use of the percent sign causes a syntax conflict, therefore it must be escaped via 8081: 5040: 3356: 2933: 24: 5538: 3507: 2502: 2293: 7859: 7794: 7752: 7699: 7653: 7620: 7580: 7526: 7484: 7416: 7374: 7332: 7286: 7240: 7190: 7153: 7116: 7071: 7018: 6976: 6927: 6866: 6800: 6679: 6633: 6567: 6492: 6443: 6406: 6360: 6315: 6238: 6185: 6135: 6090: 6023: 5986: 5934: 5885: 5782: 5730: 5598: 5468: 5415: 5339: 5255: 5183: 5130: 5014: 4964: 4915: 4789: 4716: 4182: 4059: 3804:

the second hash result is appended to the 64-bit network prefix to form a 128-bit address.

2529: 2271: 1472:

Organization-local scope is intended to span all sites belonging to a single organization.

1335: 1313: 912: 235: 6829: 5623: 2950:

used for benchmarking IPv4. Assigned to the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG).

2315: 406: 8: 7639:

Representing Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Addresses in the Domain Name System (DNS)

3774: 1606:. Global unicast assignment records can be found at the various RIRs or other websites. 1483:

Global scope spans all reachable nodes on the Internet – it is unbounded.

1227: 955: 757: 152:

addresses are typically composed of two logical parts: a 64-bit network prefix used for

7900: 6064:

An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers Version 2 (ORCHIDv2)

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Representing IPv6 Zone Identifiers in Address Literals and Uniform Resource Identifiers

4531: 4363: 4143: 4032: 4016: 3759: 3724: 3562: 3513: 1428:

Link-local scope spans the same topological region as the corresponding unicast scope.

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specifies an alternative way of representing IPv6 addresses, using a base-85 encoding.

5487: 7916: 7828: 7096: 6968: 6919: 6792: 6559: 6484: 6082: 5978: 5877: 5853: 5774: 5590: 5407: 5331: 5122: 5081: 5077: 5050: 4875: 4593:

When this EUI-64 is used to form an IPv6 address, it is modified: the meaning of the

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In routing table configuration, the unspecified address may be used to represent the

1534: 1215: 1179: 113: 109: 40: 7685:

Tradeoffs in Domain Name System (DNS) Support for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

5364: 7849: 7784: 7742: 7689: 7643: 7570: 7538: 7516: 7474: 7406: 7364: 7322: 7276: 7230: 7206: 7180: 7143: 7106: 7061: 7008: 6958: 6909: 6856: 6812: 6782: 6669: 6623: 6549: 6474: 6433: 6396: 6350: 6305: 6228: 6175: 6125: 6072: 6013: 5968: 5924: 5867: 5764: 5720: 5580: 5458: 5397: 5321: 5245: 5173: 5112: 5004: 4954: 4905: 4868: 4779: 4706: 3996: 3700:

established that an address is unique may it be assigned and used by an interface.

2909: 2139: 1989: 1862: 1305: 1200: 1136:

must be appended to the address. The zone index is separated from the address by a

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value equal to the size in bits of the prefix. For example, the network written as

954:. A network is denoted by the first address in the block (ending in all zeroes), a 576:

In addition, the scope field is used to identify special multicast addresses, like

44: 1807:

and allows customers to make provider changes without renumbering their networks.

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choices for source and destination addresses in communication with another host.

2682: 2533: 2248: 1461:

Site-local scope is intended to span a single site belonging to an organisation.

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The longest sequence of consecutive all-zero fields is replaced with two colons (

239: 156:, and a 64-bit interface identifier used to identify a host's network interface. 7862: 7843: 7797: 7778: 7764: 7755: 7732: 7715: 7711: 7702: 7683: 7669: 7665: 7656: 7637: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7583: 7564: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7529: 7510: 7496: 7487: 7468: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7419: 7400: 7386: 7377: 7358: 7344: 7335: 7316: 7302: 7298: 7289: 7270: 7252: 7243: 7224: 7210: 7202: 7193: 7174: 7156: 7137: 7119: 7100: 7083: 7074: 7055: 7034: 7030: 7021: 7002: 6988: 6979: 6948: 6947:

D. Thaler; R. Draves; A. Matsumoto; T. Chown (September 2012). D. Thaler (ed.).

6930: 6899: 6882: 6878: 6869: 6850: 6816: 6803: 6772: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6682: 6663: 6649: 6645: 6636: 6617: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6570: 6539: 6504: 6495: 6464: 6446: 6427: 6409: 6390: 6372: 6363: 6340: 6318: 6299: 6250: 6241: 6218: 6201: 6197: 6188: 6165: 6138: 6119: 6102: 6093: 6062: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6007: 5989: 5958: 5937: 5914: 5897: 5888: 5857: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5785: 5754: 5733: 5714: 5610: 5601: 5570: 5471: 5452: 5431: 5427: 5418: 5387: 5351: 5342: 5311: 5267: 5258: 5239: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5186: 5167: 5142: 5133: 5102: 5026: 5017: 4998: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4967: 4948: 4931: 4927: 4918: 4899: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4792: 4769: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4719: 4700: 7173:

J. Bound; B. Carpenter; D. Harrington; J. Houldsworth; A. Lloyd (August 1996).

7172: 5524: 5163: 4471: 4003: 2694: 7885: 6425: 3738:

and no new connections should be made using this address. The address becomes

3684:) as its source address. The node also joins the all-hosts multicast address 2483:

subnet is allocated (there are 54 zero bits), yielding an effective format of

8076: 8070: 7893: 7051: 6972: 6923: 6796: 6563: 6537: 6488: 6386: 6086: 5982: 5881: 5778: 5710: 5594: 5411: 5335: 5235: 5126: 4696: 3800: 3770: 3766: 3765:

Network interfaces configured for IPv6 use temporary addresses by default in

3520:(see below). It does so independently and without any prior configuration by 3336: 2375: 1122: 951: 931:, thus expressing clearly the original IPv4 address that was mapped to IPv6. 479:

field are defined; the most-significant flag bit is reserved for future use.

75: 19: 6774:

Temporary Address Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6

5539:"RIPE NCC IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy: Minimum allocation" 1906:

The address with value 0x7e in the 7 least-significant bits is defined as a

7360:

An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers (ORCHID)

5159: 4121: 3275: 3150:

Available in scope 1 (interface-local), 2 (link-local) and 5 (site-local):

2681:

With a few exceptions, this address type allows the transparent use of the

2623: 1137: 940: 7636:

R. Bush; A. Durand; B. Fink; O. Gudmundsson; T. Hain, eds. (August 2002).

5689: 5669: 2742:. Addresses with this prefix are used for automatic IPv4/IPv6 translation. 116:. Broadcast's traditional role is subsumed by multicast addressing to the 7943: 5234: 5046: 4040: 3820: 3596: 3595:

A 64-bit interface identifier can be derived from the interface's 48-bit

1907: 1650:

times larger than the entire IPv4 address space of 2 addresses and about

1090: 1076: 749: 225: 60: 56: 16:

Label to identify a network interface of a computer or other network node

7000: 6661: 4901:

Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address

2693:

configuration, server applications only need to open a single listening

1793:

is assigned directly to the end user by the RIRs from the special range

1363:

addresses, the four least-significant bits of the second address octet (

7266: 3844: 2690: 1089:. The colon is conventionally used to terminate the host path before a 52: 6946: 5851: 1514:

The management of IPv6 address allocation process is delegated to the

7854: 7789: 7747: 7694: 7648: 7635: 7575: 7521: 7479: 7411: 7369: 7327: 7281: 7235: 7185: 7148: 7111: 7066: 7013: 6963: 6914: 6861: 6787: 6674: 6628: 6554: 6479: 6438: 6401: 6355: 6310: 6233: 6180: 6130: 6077: 6018: 5973: 5929: 5872: 5769: 5725: 5585: 5463: 5402: 5326: 5250: 5178: 5117: 5009: 4959: 4910: 4784: 4711: 3575: 2426: 2419: 1526:. Its main function is the assignment of large address blocks to the 1360: 1238: 1223: 1093:. To alleviate this conflict, literal IPv6 addresses are enclosed in 411: 232:

format, but this method is now not recommended for privacy reasons.)

105: 6770: 5154: 1218:

operating systems, IPv4 addresses are valid location identifiers in

839:

is not used to represent just a single all-zero field. For example,

66:

IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the

5294: 5042:

IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6

4020: 3743: 2415: 1552: 1234: 67: 7566:

DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and Renumbering

1112: 310:

bit is one for locally assigned addresses; the address range with

6662:

T. Narten; E. Nordmark; W. Simpson; H. Holiman (September 2007).

6426:

C. Popoviciu; A. Hamza; G. Van de Velde; D. Dugatkin (May 2008).

6384: 5753:

M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; B. Haberman (April 2013). R. Bonica (ed.).

5290: 4654: 3704: 3644: 1584:

that distribute them to users. These are typically in sizes from

1347: 1298: 1094: 959: 153: 149: 145: 97: 90: 6950:

Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

5525:"ARIN Number Resource Policy Manual: Initial allocation to ISPs" 5306: 4039:, where the name space is hierarchically divided by the 1-digit 1992:—a virtual interface that loops all traffic back to itself, the 1178:). The latter (using an interface number) is the only syntax on 8023: 7356: 7001:

S. Thomson; C. Huitema; V. Ksinant; M. Souissi (October 2003).

5073:

IPv6 Address Planning: Designing an Address Plan for the Future

4767: 4496: 4044: 3730:

When an address is assigned to an interface it gets the status

3656: 3612: 3554: 3432: 3394: 2347: – The address with all zero bits is called the 221: 6429:

IPv6 Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices

6334: 3497: 2891:). Three assignments from this block are currently allocated: 1735:

blocks, typically one for each customer; customers can create

7734:

Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model

7470:

IAB/IESG Recommendations on IPv6 Address Allocations to Sites

5752: 5238:; B. Haberman; T. Jinmei; E. Nordmark; B. Zill (March 2005). 4446: 4371: 4250: 4036: 2759: 1175: 1171: 573:) is used to indicate where the address is valid and unique. 6771:

F. Gont; S. Krishnan; T. Narten; R. Draves (February 2021).

6615: 6266:

SRv6 Segment Identifiers in the IPv6 Addressing Architecture

5568: 5000:

A Method for Generating Link-Scoped IPv6 Multicast Addresses

4366:, IPv6 addresses were originally registered in the DNS zone 3999:

and candidate destination addresses may be queried via DNS.

1289:, which specifies in which part of the network it is valid. 1117:

For addresses with other than global scope (as described in

160:

General unicast address format (routing prefix size varies)

7933: 7919: 6954: 6545: 5760: 5317: 4442: 4438: 4423: 4382: 4349: 4271: 4253:

network in December 1998. Prior to that, the address block

4224: 3111:

Available in scope 1 (interface-local) and 2 (link-local):

2817: 2532:(ULAs) are intended for local communication (comparable to 2204: 1209: 1163: 48: 6462: 4996: 3075:

is any hexadecimal value, are reserved and managed by the

1707:

blocks, typically one for each ISP; an ISP can divide its

1301:

addresses, two scopes are defined: link-local and global.

1128:

In order to resolve the ambiguity in textual addresses, a

1103:

When the URL also contains a port number the notation is:

7969: 7780:

Common Misbehavior Against DNS Queries for IPv6 Addresses

7264: 1856: 1192:

equivalent, and refer to the same host on the same link.

1167: 753: 737:

Link-scoped multicast addresses use a comparable format.

7139:

Proposed Changes to the Format of the IANA IPv6 Registry

6117: 3780: 3603:

are now recommended as a default instead. A MAC address

3108:

All nodes address, identify the group of all IPv6 nodes

2501:

format, but are now pseudo-random values for privacy. A

2227:

Addresses used in documentation and example source code

2183:

Addresses used in documentation and example source code

318:

field is chosen randomly once, at the inception of the

6761:. Portal.acm.org (2010-04-21). Retrieved on 2011-09-28. 6256: 5100: 4768:

F. Gont; A. Cooper; D. Thaler; W. Liu (February 2017).

3504:

IPv6 § Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC)

748:

An IPv6 address is represented as eight groups of four

220:

is automatically established randomly, obtained from a

7730: 7095: 5956: 3049: 2698:

binding to an IPv6 address, or an IPv4-mapped address.

1813:(IXPs) are assigned special addresses from the ranges 1077:

Literal IPv6 addresses in network resource identifiers

7776: 7562: 6759:

The privacy implications of stateless IPv6 addressing

6541:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)

6167:

Deprecating the Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers

5104:

A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation

1250:

2001-db8-85a3-8d3-1319-8a2e-370-7348.ipv6-literal.net

1109:

where the trailing 443 is the example's port number.

140: 7508: 6739: 6297: 6216: 6060: 5708: 4946: 4897: 4601:. To create an IPv6 address with the network prefix 4370:, because it was expected that the top-level domain 4156: 1277:

Every IPv6 address, except the unspecified address (

7049: 6616:S. Thomson; T. Narten; T. Jinmei (September 2007). 4771:

Recommendation on Stable IPv6 Interface Identifiers

4694: 4072:derrick.example.com. IN AAAA fdda:5cc1:23:4::1f 3481: 2622:prefix is combined with a 40-bit locally generated 2371:incoming connections on all available interfaces. 1642:block which contains 2 addresses, being 2 or about 7357:P. Nikander; J. Laganier; F. Dupont (April 2007). 5856:; M. Bagnulo; M. Boucadair; X. Li (October 2010). 4867: 3592:and the 24 least significant bits of the address. 3512:On system startup, a node automatically creates a 7987:Comparison of IPv6 support in common applications 7621:Comparison of AAAA and A6 (do we really need A6?) 5490:. Iana.org (2010-10-29). Retrieved on 2011-09-28. 5169:Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax 8068: 7318:6bone (IPv6 Testing Address Allocation) Phaseout 7314: 3431:A relay agent may use this address to reach all 2685:protocols over IPv4 through the IPv6 networking 1609:The addresses are then typically distributed in 7982:Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems 7915: 6463:J. Arkko; M. Cotton; L. Vegoda (January 2010). 5569:T. Narten; G. Huston; L. Roberts (March 2011). 1113:Scoped literal IPv6 addresses (with zone index) 6466:IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation 6121:IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation 3792:(CGAs) were introduced in 2005 as part of the 3638: 657:Unicast-prefix-based multicast address format 475:Currently, three of the four flag bits in the 7901: 4997:J-S. Park; M-K. Shin; H-J. Kim (April 2006). 4950:Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 Multicast Addresses 4859: 4653:Comparable with the 'proof of work' field in 3600: 3039:— This prefix is used for discarding traffic. 2863:(split into the range of 64 network prefixes 1882: 306:field contains the binary value 1111110. The 7822: 7222: 6005: 5824:"IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry" 4865: 3834: 2840: 1865:have been assigned addresses from the range 6852:Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) 6009:TLS Handshake Message for Supplemental Data 5912: 5032: 3810: 3532:. This address is selected with the prefix 3498:Stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC) 1097:in such resource identifiers, for example: 400: 7908: 7894: 7845:A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses 7726: 7724: 7681: 7631: 7629: 7135: 7045: 7043: 6893: 6891: 6748:. Vol. 9, no. 3. pp. 16–29. 6665:Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6) 6533: 6531: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6212: 6210: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6118:G. Huston; A. Lord; P. Smith (July 2004). 6113: 6111: 6056: 6054: 6052: 5952: 5950: 5908: 5906: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5748: 5746: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5310:; S. Cheshire; R. Hinden (February 2013). 5278: 5276: 5230: 5228: 5063: 3043: 2820:addressing (prefix from the IPv4 network, 314:set to zero is currently not defined. The 23:Decomposition of an IPv6 address into its 7853: 7788: 7746: 7693: 7647: 7574: 7520: 7478: 7410: 7368: 7326: 7280: 7234: 7184: 7147: 7110: 7065: 7012: 6962: 6913: 6860: 6786: 6673: 6627: 6553: 6478: 6437: 6400: 6354: 6309: 6232: 6179: 6129: 6076: 6061:J. Laganier; F. Dupont (September 2014). 6017: 5972: 5928: 5871: 5768: 5724: 5584: 5462: 5401: 5325: 5249: 5177: 5116: 5101:S. Kawamura; M. Kawashima (August 2010). 5008: 4958: 4942: 4940: 4909: 4893: 4891: 4783: 4763: 4761: 4710: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 2849:address block for special assignments of 2836:The 6to4 addressing scheme is deprecated. 2509: 1685:Each RIR can divide each of its multiple 7977:World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day 7876:Represent any IPv6 address in 20 octets. 7509:S. Thomson; C. Huitema (December 1995). 6619:IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 6262: 6159: 5957:N. Hilliard; D. Freedman (August 2012). 5859:IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators 5385: 5038: 4898:P. Savola; B. Haberman (November 2004). 4449:regional registries' policies encourage 4249:was allocated for test purposes for the 3050:§ Deprecated and obsolete addresses 2306:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2262:fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2238:5f00:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2194:2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1551:) is currently allocated for use on the 1332:scope on the directly attached network. 1210:Literal IPv6 addresses in UNC path names 584:Solicited-node multicast address format 18: 8056:Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation 7770: 7731:A. Bierman; M. Bjorklund (March 2012). 7721: 7675: 7626: 7623:, Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino, (July 2001) 7556: 7502: 7459: 7453: 7398: 7392: 7350: 7308: 7258: 7216: 7166: 7129: 7089: 7040: 6994: 6940: 6897: 6888: 6848: 6842: 6764: 6655: 6609: 6528: 6518:"IPv6 Multicast Address Space Registry" 6456: 6419: 6378: 6328: 6298:R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). 6284: 6207: 6148: 6108: 6049: 5999: 5947: 5903: 5840: 5743: 5702: 5690:"Address Space Managed by the RIPE NCC" 5557: 5437: 5379: 5300: 5273: 5225: 5148: 5094: 5069: 4534:of fec0::/10 also require a zone index. 4517:Although Windows supports the RFC 3493 4084:The DNS protocol is independent of its 3960:IPv4-compatible addresses (deprecated) 3799:Such an address is generated using two 3568: 2652: 2218:3fff:fff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2174:2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1855:for communication with their connected 766:2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 760:(:). An example of an IPv6 address is: 559:Dynamically assigned multicast address 472:field holds the binary value 11111111. 8069: 7841: 7512:DNS Extensions to support IP version 6 7004:DNS Extensions to Support IP Version 6 6220:Expanding the IPv6 Documentation Space 6217:G. Huston; N. Buraglio (August 2024). 5916:Local-Use IPv4/IPv6 Translation Prefix 5716:Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses 4990: 4947:B. Haberman; D. Thaler (August 2002). 4937: 4888: 4758: 4671: 3769:and later Apple systems as well as in 3749: 3054: 2328: 2152:2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1894:The 128 highest addresses within each 1034: 988:2001:db8:1234:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 980:2001:db8:1234:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 950:Network address ranges are written in 7889: 7872:April Fools' Day Request for Comments 7563:M. Crawford; C. Huitema (July 2000). 6389:; R. Fink; T. Hain (September 2000). 5756:Special-Purpose IP Address Registries 4010: 3790:cryptographically generated addresses 3781:Cryptographically generated addresses 3486:The least significant 24 bits of the 3414:Link-local multicast name resolution 2422:address. This address corresponds to 2130:2001:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1785: 1509: 1328:scope anywhere, or to addresses with 81: 7777:Y. Morishita; T. Jinmei (May 2005). 7057:IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture 6339:; T. Anderson; F. Gont (June 2016). 5816: 5572:IPv6 Address Assignment to End Sites 5554:. Iana.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-28. 4702:IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture 4495:quantity is sometimes also called a 4047:units (4 bits) of the IPv6 address. 3816: 3557:exists, IPv6 hosts normally use the 3160:→ All routers in the interface-local 2720:Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (SIIT) 2498: 2323: 1914: 1244:2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348 883:, and the IPv6 unspecified address, 394: 229: 6522:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 6392:Initial IPv6 Sub-TLA ID Assignments 6301:Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses 5449:Internet Engineering Steering Group 4584:are used for documentation in IPv4. 4348:the original block was returned to 4151: 3785:As a means to enhance security for 3710: 3565:responds with a prefix assignment. 3522:stateless address autoconfiguration 3077:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 2090:64:ff9b:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1524:Internet Engineering Steering Group 1516:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 1118: 752:digits, each group representing 16 566: 454: 33:Internet Protocol version 6 address 13: 5514:db.ripe.net. Retrieved 2011-09-28. 5454:IPv6 Address Allocation Management 3121:→ All nodes in the interface-local 2395: 1791:Provider-independent address space 1580:The RIRs assign smaller blocks to 141:Unicast and anycast address format 131: 14: 8093: 7811: 7315:R. Fink; R. Hinden (March 2004). 7099:; B. Carpenter (September 2004). 5365:"ipv6-literal.net Domain History" 4270:Due to operational problems with 4157:Deprecated and obsolete addresses 3723:. Lifetimes can be configured in 2687:application programming interface 1921:Reserved IP addresses § IPv6 1272: 743: 468:For all multicast addresses, the 418:General multicast address format 7818:IP Version 6 multicast addresses 7102:Deprecating Site Local Addresses 5500:IPv6 unicast address assignments 5241:IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture 4356: 4319:In April 2007 the address block 4023:are mapped to IPv6 addresses by 3974:Site-local address (deprecated) 3488:solicited-node multicast address 3482:Solicited-node multicast address 3453:Solicited-node multicast address 3083:Common IPv6 multicast addresses 2970: 1504: 545:Address based on network prefix 397:), rendering them non-routable. 238:are addresses analogous to IPv4 7823:Beijnum, van, Iljitsch (2005). 7739:Internet Engineering Task Force 7614: 7272:IPv6 Testing Address Allocation 6906:Internet Engineering Task Force 6822: 6779:Internet Engineering Task Force 6752: 6733: 6510: 6471:Internet Engineering Task Force 6347:Internet Engineering Task Force 6225:Internet Engineering Task Force 6172:Internet Engineering Task Force 6069:Internet Engineering Task Force 6006:S. Santesson (September 2006). 5965:Internet Engineering Task Force 5921:Internet Engineering Task Force 5864:Internet Engineering Task Force 5682: 5662: 5616: 5577:Internet Engineering Task Force 5545: 5531: 5517: 5505: 5493: 5481: 5394:Internet Engineering Task Force 5357: 5109:Internet Engineering Task Force 4776:Internet Engineering Task Force 4647: 4634: 4587: 4537: 4524: 4511: 4502: 4374:would be retired. In 2000, the 4230:Internet Engineering Task Force 4075:and its IPv6 pointer record is 4069:. Its quad-A address record is 3180:→ All routers in the site-local 3170:→ All routers in the link-local 2207:addressing scheme (deprecated) 1166:-like operating systems (e.g., 1062:block is 8 times larger than a 4485: 4460:assignments where appropriate. 3553:include DHCP or PPP. Although 3508:Link-local address § IPv6 3276:Web Services Dynamic Discovery 2845:IANA has reserved a so-called 528:Rendezvous point not embedded 1: 6746:The Internet Protocol Journal 6740:Iljitsch van Beijnum (2006). 6342:IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm 6273:. I-D draft-ietf-6man-sids-06 5657:s to private residence sites. 5389:IPv6 Multicast Address Scopes 4874:(Second ed.). O'Reilly. 4664: 4205:The 96-bit zero-value prefix 4035:the IETF reserved the domain 3777:and later Microsoft systems. 3131:→ All nodes in the link-local 1752:networks from their assigned 1304:Link-local addresses and the 1149:fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a%eth2 556:Well-known multicast address 407:Multicast address § IPv6 8039:Multicast Listener Discovery 4027:resource records, so-called 3528:), using a component of the 2472:Within this prefix only one 1533:In order to allow efficient 1528:regional Internet registries 1354: 1241:, in the following fashion: 1197:uniform resource identifiers 756:The groups are separated by 246:Unique local address format 7: 8034:Neighbor Discovery Protocol 6263:Krishnan, S. (2024-02-15). 5913:T. Anderson (August 2017). 5445:Internet Architecture Board 4376:Internet Architecture Board 3984: 3981: 3970: 3967: 3956: 3953: 3942: 3939: 3928: 3925: 3914: 3911: 3900: 3897: 3886: 3883: 3872: 3869: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3787:Neighbor Discovery Protocol 3639:Duplicate address detection 3559:Neighbor Discovery Protocol 3530:Neighbor Discovery Protocol 3492:Neighbor Discovery Protocol 2816:— This prefix was used for 1776:network address translation 1520:Internet Architecture Board 1162:name) is customary on most 934: 542:Without prefix information 120:link-local multicast group 72:Internet Protocol version 4 10: 8098: 8049:Multicast router discovery 7767:. 7718:. 7682:R. Austein (August 2002). 7672:. 7611:. 7553:. 7499:. 7389:. 7347:. 7305:. 7275:. Network Working Grouop. 7255:. 7213:. 7086:. 7037:. 6991:. 6885:. 6819:. 6730:. 6652:. 6606:. 6507:. 6375:. 6253:. 6204:. 6105:. 6046:. 5900:. 5813:. 5613:. 5488:IPv6 address space at IANA 5434:. 5354:. 5270:. 5222:. 5145:. 5029:. 4987:. 4934:. 4856:. 4755:. 4469: 3501: 3020: 2673:IPv6 transition mechanisms 2671:— This prefix is used for 2378:address (corresponding to 2284:fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 2051:IPv4-translated addresses 1918: 1883:Reserved anycast addresses 1342: 1292: 1259:fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a%3 1188:fe80:3::1ff:fe23:4567:890a 1155:fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a%3 531:Rendezvous point embedded 404: 336:Link-local address format 8044:Secure Neighbor Discovery 8016: 8008:IPv6 transition mechanism 7995: 7957: 7926: 7848:. Network Working Group. 7688:. Network Working Group. 7642:. Network Working Group. 7569:. Network Working Group. 7515:. Network Working Group. 7473:. Network Working Group. 7405:. Network Working Group. 7363:. Network Working Group. 7321:. Network Working Group. 7226:RFC 1888 Is Obsolete 7223:B. Carpenter (Apr 2005). 7179:. Network Working Group. 7142:. Network Working Group. 7105:. Network Working Group. 7060:. Network Working Group. 7007:. Network Working Group. 6855:. Network Working Group. 6668:. Network Working Group. 6622:. Network Working Group. 6432:. Network Working Group. 6395:. Network Working Group. 6304:. Network Working Group. 6124:. Network Working Group. 6012:. Network Working Group. 5960:A Discard Prefix for IPv6 5719:. Network Working Group. 5457:. Network Working Group. 5244:. Network Working Group. 5172:. Network Working Group. 5003:. Network Working Group. 4953:. Network Working Group. 4904:. Network Working Group. 4866:Silvia Hagen (May 2006). 4705:. Network Working Group. 4518: 4274:the use of address block 4221:IPv4-compatible addresses 4126:Time to live, in seconds 3904:IPv4-mapped IPv6 address 3835:Default address selection 3794:Secure Neighbor Discovery 3472:Node information queries 3397:servers and relay agents 2914:IPv6 transition mechanism 2841:Special-purpose addresses 2716:IPv4-translated addresses 2278:fe80::/64 from fe80::/10 2110:100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff 1682:) unique IPv6 addresses. 1582:local Internet registries 1393: 1390: 1387: 1220:Uniform Naming Convention 1125:(which is prefix-based). 395:link-local address prefix 5386:R. Droms (August 2014). 4478: 4142:128-bit IPv6 address in 3811:Stable privacy addresses 3611:is turned into a 64-bit 3601:stable privacy addresses 3362:Available in all scopes 3341:Available in all scopes 3059:The multicast addresses 2718:. These are used by the 2677:IPv4-mapped IPv6 address 2609:probabilistically unique 2093:2, with 2 for each IPv4 2066:64:ff9b::255.255.255.255 2038:::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 1811:Internet exchange points 1265:fe80--1ff-fe23-4567-890a 1143:fe80::1ff:fe23:4567:890a 483:Multicast address flags 401:Multicast address format 8003:IPv4 address exhaustion 7842:R. Elz (1 April 1996). 7399:R. Bush (August 2001). 7136:G. Houston (Aug 2005). 5624:"IPv6 Addressing Plans" 5039:Graziani, Rick (2012). 3694:Neighbor Advertisements 3551:configuration protocols 3518:configuration protocols 3044:Deprecated and obsolete 2936:IPv6. Corresponds with 2611:addresses in which the 1929:Special address blocks 1780:IPv4 address exhaustion 1375:) identify the address 859:2001:db8:0000:1:1:1:1:1 7763:Obsoleted by RFC 7545:. Updated by RFC 7495:Obsoleted by RFC 7427:Obsoleted by RFC 7402:Delegation of IP6.ARPA 7385:Obsoleted by RFC 7297:Obsoleted by RFC 7201:Obsoleted by RFC 7082:Obsoleted by RFC 6898:F. Gont (April 2014). 6849:T. Aura (March 2005). 6694:. Updated by RFC 6648:. Updated by RFC 6194:Best Current Practice. 6038:. Updated by RFC 5809:. Updated by RFC 5635:All customers get one 5206:. Updated by RFC 4731:. Updated by RFC 4615:it yields the address 4219:, originally known as 4183:unique local addresses 4162:The site-local prefix 4134:Length of RDATA field 3653:Neighbor Advertisement 2534:IPv4 private addresses 2530:Unique local addresses 2510:Unique local addresses 2414: – The 2099:IPv4/IPv6 translation 2079:IPv4/IPv6 translation 2023:IPv4-mapped addresses 2010:::ffff:255.255.255.255 1658:times larger than the 1336:Unique local addresses 1314:unique local addresses 1146:could be expressed by 236:Unique local addresses 28: 7301:. Obsoletes RFC 6160:O. Troan (May 2015). 5791:Best Common Practice. 5607:Best Common Practice. 5192:Internet Standard 66. 5070:Coffeen, Tom (2014). 3946:Unique local address 3649:Neighbor Solicitation 3435:servers in the site. 2675:and designated as an 2418:address is a unicast 1934:Address block (CIDR) 1158:The former (using an 1119:§ Address scopes 405:Further information: 22: 7591:Updated by RFC 7265:R. Hinden; R. Fink; 7251:Updated by RFC 6877:Updated by RFC 6101:Obsoletes RFC 5266:Updated by RFC 4975:Updated by RFC 4926:Updated by RFC 4532:site-local addresses 4437:) to end users. The 4060:unique local address 3692:, so it can receive 3643:The assignment of a 3569:Interface identifier 2714:— A prefix used for 2653:Transition from IPv4 2312:The global Internet 2272:Unique local address 2200:The global Internet 2136:The global Internet 2076:The global Internet 1969:Unspecified address 1943:Number of addresses 1003:connected to subnet 913:dot-decimal notation 867:2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1 843:2001:db8:0:0:0:0:2:1 815:2001:db8:0:0:1:0:0:1 792:2001:0db8::0001:0000 567:four-bit scope field 369:interface identifier 295:interface identifier 218:interface identifier 193:interface identifier 114:broadcast addressing 55:are included in the 7996:IPv4 to IPv6 topics 7607:. Updates RFC 7431:. Updates RFC 7343:Obsoletes RFC 7029:Obsoletes RFC 6987:Obsoletes RFC 6690:Obsoletes RFC 6644:Obsoletes RFC 6578:Obsoletes RFC 6371:Obsoletes RFC 6196:Obsoletes RFC 5793:Obsoletes RFC 5609:Obsoletes RFC 5512:DE-TELEKOM-20050113 5218:. Updates RFC 5194:Obsoletes RFC 4930:. Updates RFC 4727:Obsoletes RFC 4381:In March 2011, the 4093: 4092:AAAA record fields 3775:Windows 2008 Server 3750:Temporary addresses 3666:The node joins the 3218:designated routers 3084: 3055:Multicast addresses 2626:number to obtain a 2349:unspecified address 2329:Unspecified address 2070:64:ff9b::ffff:ffff 2042:::ffff:0:ffff:ffff 1930: 1384: 1228:second-level domain 1035:Address block sizes 658: 585: 484: 419: 337: 247: 161: 63:to other networks. 43:participating in a 7467:(September 2001). 7176:OSI NSAPs and IPv6 7125:Proposed Standard. 7027:Internet Standard. 6985:Proposed Standard. 6936:Proposed Standard. 6875:Proposed Standard. 6809:Proposed Standard. 6576:Proposed Standard. 6369:Proposed Standard. 6324:Proposed Standard. 6099:Proposed Standard. 6032:Proposed Standard. 5943:Proposed Standard. 5894:Proposed Standard. 5739:Proposed Standard. 5670:"What are Bogons?" 5424:Proposed Standard. 5348:Proposed Standard. 5293:Kernel Interfaces 5264:Proposed Standard. 5139:Proposed Standard. 5023:Proposed Standard. 4973:Proposed Standard. 4924:Proposed Standard. 4798:Proposed Standard. 4364:reverse DNS lookup 4188:The address block 4144:network byte order 4091: 4065:fdda:5cc1:23:4::1f 4043:representation of 4017:Domain Name System 4011:Domain Name System 3760:Domain Name System 3717:preferred lifetime 3514:link-local address 3466:ff02::2:ff00:0/104 3446:ff02::1:ff00:0/104 3082: 2503:link-local address 2351:(corresponding to 2294:Link-local address 2268:Private internets 2096:Private internets 1928: 1786:Special allocation 1510:General allocation 1469:organization-local 1382: 976:starts at address 927:::ffff:192.0.2.128 781:is preferred over 656: 583: 482: 417: 335: 245: 208:combined with the 159: 82:Addressing methods 29: 8064: 8063: 8017:Related protocols 7917:Internet Protocol 7834:978-1-59059-527-5 7710:Updates RFC 7664:Updates RFC 7269:(December 1998). 7054:(December 1995). 6830:"IPv6 on Windows" 6503:Updates RFC 6249:Updates RFC 6034:Updates RFC 5896:Updates RFC 5451:(December 1995). 5426:Updates RFC 5350:Updates RFC 5141:Updates RFC 5087:978-1-4919-0326-1 5056:978-0-13-303347-2 5025:Updates RFC 4881:978-0-596-10058-2 4800:Updates RFC 4699:(February 2006). 4623:0c:29ff:fe0c:47d5 4149: 4148: 3992: 3991: 3988:6bone (returned) 3932:Teredo tunneling 3796:(SEND) protocol. 3607:00-0C-29-0C-47-D5 3549:In IPv4, typical 3479: 3478: 3094:Available scopes 2834:, was also used). 2798:docker containers 2740:well-known prefix 2324:Unicast addresses 2321: 2320: 2316:Multicast address 2014:::ffff:ffff:ffff 1915:Special addresses 1863:Root name servers 1535:route aggregation 1499: 1498: 1269:.ipv6-literal.net 1216:Microsoft Windows 1180:Microsoft Windows 891:, are reduced to 831:2001:db8:0:0:1::1 823:2001:db8::1:0:0:1 735: 734: 646: 645: 563: 562: 466: 465: 374: 373: 300: 299: 198: 197: 110:multicast address 8089: 7910: 7903: 7896: 7887: 7886: 7866: 7857: 7855:10.17487/RFC1924 7838: 7805: 7801: 7792: 7790:10.17487/RFC4074 7774: 7768: 7759: 7750: 7748:10.17487/RFC6536 7728: 7719: 7706: 7697: 7695:10.17487/RFC3364 7679: 7673: 7660: 7651: 7649:10.17487/RFC3363 7633: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7587: 7578: 7576:10.17487/RFC2874 7560: 7554: 7533: 7524: 7522:10.17487/RFC1886 7506: 7500: 7491: 7482: 7480:10.17487/RFC3177 7457: 7451: 7423: 7414: 7412:10.17487/RFC3152 7396: 7390: 7381: 7372: 7370:10.17487/RFC4843 7354: 7348: 7339: 7330: 7328:10.17487/RFC3701 7312: 7306: 7293: 7284: 7282:10.17487/RFC2471 7262: 7256: 7247: 7238: 7236:10.17487/RFC4048 7220: 7214: 7197: 7188: 7186:10.17487/RFC1888 7170: 7164: 7160: 7151: 7149:10.17487/RFC4147 7133: 7127: 7123: 7114: 7112:10.17487/RFC3879 7093: 7087: 7078: 7069: 7067:10.17487/RFC1884 7047: 7038: 7025: 7016: 7014:10.17487/RFC3596 6998: 6992: 6983: 6966: 6964:10.17487/RFC6724 6944: 6938: 6934: 6917: 6915:10.17487/RFC7217 6895: 6886: 6873: 6864: 6862:10.17487/RFC3972 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6826: 6820: 6807: 6790: 6788:10.17487/RFC8981 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6742:"IPv6 Internals" 6737: 6731: 6686: 6677: 6675:10.17487/RFC4861 6659: 6653: 6640: 6631: 6629:10.17487/RFC4862 6613: 6607: 6574: 6557: 6555:10.17487/RFC8415 6535: 6526: 6525: 6514: 6508: 6499: 6482: 6480:10.17487/RFC5737 6460: 6454: 6450: 6441: 6439:10.17487/RFC5180 6423: 6417: 6413: 6404: 6402:10.17487/RFC2928 6382: 6376: 6367: 6358: 6356:10.17487/RFC7915 6332: 6326: 6322: 6313: 6311:10.17487/RFC4193 6295: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6260: 6254: 6245: 6236: 6234:10.17487/RFC9637 6214: 6205: 6192: 6183: 6181:10.17487/RFC7526 6157: 6146: 6142: 6133: 6131:10.17487/RFC3849 6115: 6106: 6097: 6080: 6078:10.17487/RFC7343 6058: 6047: 6030: 6021: 6019:10.17487/RFC4680 6003: 5997: 5993: 5976: 5974:10.17487/RFC6666 5954: 5945: 5941: 5932: 5930:10.17487/RFC8215 5910: 5901: 5892: 5875: 5873:10.17487/RFC6052 5849: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5834: 5820: 5814: 5789: 5772: 5770:10.17487/RFC6890 5750: 5741: 5737: 5728: 5726:10.17487/RFC2526 5706: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5632: 5631: 5626:. ARIN IPv6 Wiki 5620: 5614: 5605: 5588: 5586:10.17487/RFC6177 5566: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5466: 5464:10.17487/RFC1881 5441: 5435: 5422: 5405: 5403:10.17487/RFC7346 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5361: 5355: 5346: 5329: 5327:10.17487/RFC6874 5304: 5298: 5288: 5287: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5251:10.17487/RFC4007 5232: 5223: 5190: 5181: 5179:10.17487/RFC3986 5166:(January 2005). 5152: 5146: 5137: 5120: 5118:10.17487/RFC5952 5098: 5092: 5091: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5036: 5030: 5021: 5012: 5010:10.17487/RFC4489 4994: 4988: 4971: 4962: 4960:10.17487/RFC3306 4944: 4935: 4922: 4913: 4911:10.17487/RFC3956 4895: 4886: 4885: 4873: 4863: 4857: 4796: 4787: 4785:10.17487/RFC8064 4765: 4756: 4723: 4714: 4712:10.17487/RFC4291 4692: 4658: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4624: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4530:The now-removed 4528: 4522: 4520: 4519:if_nametoindex() 4515: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4491:A 16 bit or two 4489: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4416: 4415: 4412: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4152:Historical notes 4094: 4090: 4067: 4066: 3997:operating system 3890:Default unicast 3850: 3849: 3711:Address lifetime 3690: 3689: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3634: 3633: 3622: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3468: 3467: 3448: 3447: 3427: 3426: 3410: 3409: 3389: 3388: 3372: 3371: 3351: 3350: 3332: 3331: 3311: 3310: 3290: 3289: 3271: 3270: 3251: 3250: 3231: 3230: 3211: 3210: 3192: 3191: 3178: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3158: 3157: 3143: 3142: 3129: 3128: 3119: 3118: 3104: 3103: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3072: 3065: 3064: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3014: 3013: 3010: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2910:Teredo tunneling 2906: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2875: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2778: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2591: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2495: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2140:Teredo tunneling 2069: 2062: 2059:64:ff9b::0.0.0.0 2041: 2034: 2031:::ffff:0:0.0.0.0 2028:::ffff:0:0:0/96 2013: 2006: 1990:Loopback address 1931: 1927: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1770: 1768: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1696:blocks into 512 1694: 1693: 1690: 1677: 1675: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1372: 1306:loopback address 1283: 1282: 1231:ipv6-literal.net 1201:percent-encoding 1134: 1133: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1001: 1000: 990: 989: 982: 981: 974: 973: 970: 967: 929: 928: 921: 920: 919:::ffff:c000:0280 907:, respectively. 905: 904: 897: 896: 889: 888: 881: 880: 869: 868: 861: 860: 853: 852: 847:is shortened to 845: 844: 833: 832: 825: 824: 817: 816: 802: 801: 794: 793: 768: 767: 659: 655: 586: 582: 485: 481: 420: 416: 392: 391: 388: 385: 338: 334: 329:routing prefix. 327: 326: 323: 248: 244: 162: 158: 126: 125: 45:computer network 8097: 8096: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8086: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8060: 8012: 7991: 7965:IPv6 deployment 7953: 7922: 7914: 7835: 7814: 7809: 7808: 7775: 7771: 7729: 7722: 7680: 7676: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7615: 7561: 7557: 7507: 7503: 7458: 7454: 7397: 7393: 7355: 7351: 7313: 7309: 7263: 7259: 7221: 7217: 7171: 7167: 7134: 7130: 7094: 7090: 7048: 7041: 6999: 6995: 6945: 6941: 6896: 6889: 6847: 6843: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6769: 6765: 6757: 6753: 6738: 6734: 6688:Draft Standard. 6660: 6656: 6642:Draft Standard. 6614: 6610: 6536: 6529: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6461: 6457: 6424: 6420: 6383: 6379: 6335:C. Bao; X. Li; 6333: 6329: 6296: 6285: 6276: 6274: 6261: 6257: 6215: 6208: 6184:. BCP 196. 6158: 6149: 6116: 6109: 6059: 6050: 6004: 6000: 5955: 5948: 5911: 5904: 5850: 5841: 5832: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5781:. BCP 153. 5751: 5744: 5707: 5703: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5683: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5629: 5627: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5597:. BCP 157. 5567: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5442: 5438: 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5305: 5301: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5233: 5226: 5153: 5149: 5099: 5095: 5088: 5080:. p. 170. 5068: 5064: 5057: 5037: 5033: 4995: 4991: 4945: 4938: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4870:IPv6 Essentials 4864: 4860: 4766: 4759: 4725:Draft Standard. 4693: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4652: 4648: 4639: 4635: 4629:Universal/Local 4618: 4617: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4595:Universal/Local 4592: 4588: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4455: 4452: 4451: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4359: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302:is deprecated, 4297: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4086:transport layer 4079: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4013: 3837: 3817:modified EUI-64 3815:The use of the 3813: 3783: 3752: 3713: 3687: 3686: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3641: 3625: 3624: 3623:in the middle: 3617: 3616: 3605: 3604: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3571: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3510: 3500: 3484: 3475:2 (link-local) 3465: 3464: 3458:2 (link-local) 3445: 3444: 3438:5 (site-local) 3424: 3423: 3417:2 (link-local) 3407: 3406: 3400:2 (link-local) 3386: 3385: 3379:2 (link-local) 3369: 3368: 3348: 3347: 3329: 3328: 3322:2 (link-local) 3308: 3307: 3301:2 (link-local) 3287: 3286: 3280:2 (link-local) 3268: 3267: 3261:2 (link-local) 3248: 3247: 3241:2 (link-local) 3228: 3227: 3221:2 (link-local) 3208: 3207: 3201:2 (link-local) 3189: 3188: 3175: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3140: 3139: 3126: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3101: 3100: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3046: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2843: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2683:transport layer 2680: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2499:modified EUI-64 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2396:Local addresses 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2249:Segment Routing 2119:Discard prefix 2084:64:ff9b:1::/48 2067: 2060: 2039: 2032: 2011: 2004: 1923: 1917: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1885: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1766: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1673: 1671: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1512: 1507: 1414:interface-local 1366: 1365: 1357: 1345: 1295: 1280: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1260: 1251: 1245: 1212: 1207: 1189: 1156: 1150: 1144: 1131: 1130: 1115: 1107: 1101: 1095:square brackets 1079: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1026: 1023: 1021:2001:db8:a::123 1020: 1019: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 999:2001:db8:a::123 998: 997: 987: 986: 979: 978: 971: 968: 966:2001:db8:1234:: 965: 964: 937: 926: 925: 918: 917: 902: 901: 894: 893: 887:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 886: 885: 879:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 878: 877: 866: 865: 863:is rendered as 858: 857: 850: 849: 842: 841: 830: 829: 827:rather than as 822: 821: 819:is rendered as 814: 813: 799: 798: 796:is rendered as 791: 790: 770: 765: 764: 746: 740: 641:unicast address 525:R (Rendezvous) 497:Meaning when 1 494:Meaning when 0 409: 403: 389: 386: 383: 382: 324: 321: 320: 240:private network 230:modified EUI-64 143: 134: 132:Address formats 123: 122: 84: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8095: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8026: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8005: 7999: 7997: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7961: 7959: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7930: 7928: 7924: 7923: 7913: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7868:Informational. 7839: 7833: 7820: 7813: 7812:External links 7810: 7807: 7806: 7803:Informational. 7769: 7720: 7708:Informational. 7674: 7662:Informational. 7625: 7613: 7555: 7501: 7452: 7415:. BCP 49. 7391: 7349: 7341:Informational. 7307: 7257: 7249:Informational. 7215: 7165: 7162:Informational. 7128: 7088: 7039: 6993: 6939: 6887: 6841: 6821: 6763: 6751: 6732: 6654: 6608: 6527: 6509: 6501:Informational. 6455: 6452:Informational. 6418: 6415:Informational. 6377: 6327: 6283: 6255: 6247:Informational. 6206: 6147: 6144:Informational. 6107: 6048: 5998: 5995:Informational. 5946: 5902: 5839: 5815: 5742: 5713:(March 1999). 5701: 5681: 5661: 5615: 5556: 5544: 5530: 5516: 5504: 5492: 5480: 5477:Informational. 5436: 5378: 5356: 5299: 5272: 5224: 5182:. STD 66. 5156:T. Berners-Lee 5147: 5093: 5086: 5078:O'Reilly Media 5062: 5055: 5049:. p. 55. 5031: 4989: 4936: 4887: 4880: 4858: 4757: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4646: 4633: 4619:2001:db8:1:2:0 4605:2001:db8:1:2:: 4586: 4536: 4523: 4510: 4501: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4472:Happy Eyeballs 4465: 4461: 4418:(according to 4379: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4317: 4268: 4235:Address block 4233: 4203: 4186: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4077: 4071: 4033:reverse lookup 4012: 4009: 4004:Happy Eyeballs 3990: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3895:::ffff:0:0/96 3892: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3836: 3833: 3812: 3809: 3801:hash functions 3782: 3779: 3751: 3748: 3721:valid lifetime 3712: 3709: 3668:solicited-node 3640: 3637: 3582:ff02::1:ff00:0 3570: 3567: 3499: 3496: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3450: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3429: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3402: 3401: 3398: 3391: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3353: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3334: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3313: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3292: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3171: 3161: 3148: 3145: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3122: 3109: 3106: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3056: 3053: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 2990: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2951: 2917: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2801: 2796:interfaces or 2766:. Compared to 2743: 2723: 2699: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2607:) is used for 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2441: 2397: 2394: 2368: 2367: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2224:Documentation 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2180:Documentation 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168:2001:db8::/32 2165: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2064: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2008: 2003:::ffff:0.0.0.0 2001: 2000:::ffff:0:0/96 1997: 1996: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1937:First address 1935: 1916: 1913: 1884: 1881: 1787: 1784: 1518:(IANA) by the 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1356: 1353: 1344: 1341: 1294: 1291: 1274: 1273:Address scopes 1271: 1264: 1262:is written as 1258: 1249: 1247:is written as 1243: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1187: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1114: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1078: 1075: 1036: 1033: 1017:is written as 936: 933: 923:is written as 911:familiar IPv4 873: 872: 805: 786: 762: 745: 744:Representation 742: 733: 732: 727: 725:network prefix 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 688: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 644: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 609: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 578:solicited node 561: 560: 557: 554: 553:T (Transient) 551: 547: 546: 543: 540: 537: 533: 532: 529: 526: 523: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 499: 498: 495: 492: 489: 464: 463: 458: 451: 446: 441: 437: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 402: 399: 372: 371: 366: 361: 356: 352: 351: 348: 345: 342: 298: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 268: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 206:routing prefix 202:network prefix 196: 195: 190: 185: 183:routing prefix 180: 176: 175: 172: 171:16 (or fewer) 169: 166: 142: 139: 133: 130: 83: 80: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8094: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7911: 7906: 7904: 7899: 7897: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7826: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7804: 7799: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7773: 7766: 7762: 7757: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7727: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7704: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7678: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7658: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7641: 7640: 7632: 7630: 7622: 7617: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7585: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7568: 7567: 7559: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7537:Obsoleted by 7536: 7531: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7514: 7513: 7505: 7498: 7494: 7489: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7395: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7353: 7346: 7342: 7337: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7311: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7291: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7228: 7227: 7219: 7212: 7208: 7205:. Updated by 7204: 7200: 7195: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7169: 7163: 7158: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7141: 7140: 7132: 7126: 7121: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7098: 7092: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7046: 7044: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7023: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7006: 7005: 6997: 6990: 6986: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6951: 6943: 6937: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6902: 6894: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6854: 6853: 6845: 6831: 6825: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6805: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6767: 6760: 6755: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6684: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6658: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6612: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6534: 6532: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6506: 6502: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6459: 6453: 6448: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6416: 6411: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6370: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6325: 6320: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6259: 6252: 6248: 6243: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6213: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6114: 6112: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6002: 5996: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5953: 5951: 5944: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5909: 5907: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5819: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5757: 5749: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5705: 5691: 5685: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5656: 5645: 5625: 5619: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5553: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5526: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5382: 5366: 5360: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5296: 5292: 5289: – 5286: 5279: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5066: 5058: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5035: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4862: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4794: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4670: 4656: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4569: 4555: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4514: 4505: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4473: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4406: 4395: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4357:Miscellaneous 4351: 4347: 4332: 4318: 4315: 4301: 4287: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4252: 4248: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4204: 4201: 4187: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4161: 4160: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4116:Internet (1) 4115: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4031:records. For 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3771:Windows Vista 3768: 3763: 3761: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3636: 3632: 3630: 3620: 3615:by inserting 3614: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3591: 3577: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3390: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3291: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3186: 3185: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3162: 3159: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3123: 3120: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3052: 3051: 3038: 3025: 3024: 3015: 3004: 2991: 2988: 2975: 2974: 2971:Documentation 2965: 2952: 2949: 2935: 2931: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2876: 2862: 2848: 2833: 2819: 2815: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2779: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2647: 2636: 2625: 2621: 2610: 2606: 2592: 2576: 2562: 2548: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2482: 2469: 2455: 2442: 2437: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2400: 2399: 2393: 2391: 2377: 2376:default route 2372: 2364: 2350: 2346: 2333: 2332: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146:2001:20::/28 2145: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2065: 2063:64:ff9b::0:0 2058: 2056:64:ff9b::/96 2055: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2037: 2035:::ffff:0:0:0 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1940:Last address 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1909: 1904: 1892: 1890: 1889:subnet-router 1880: 1878: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1840: 1826: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1792: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1771:) addresses. 1762: 1751: 1734: 1717: 1706: 1695: 1683: 1681: 1668: 1641: 1630: 1619: 1607: 1605: 1594: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1565: 1554: 1550: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1505:Address space 1502: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1386: 1383:Scope values 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1352: 1349: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1268: 1263: 1257: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1195:When used in 1193: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1147: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1124: 1123:routing table 1120: 1110: 1106:https://:443/ 1104: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1074: 1072: 1061: 1050: 1032: 1030: 1016: 1002: 993: 991: 983: 975: 961: 957: 953: 952:CIDR notation 948: 946: 942: 932: 930: 922: 914: 908: 906: 898: 890: 882: 870: 862: 854: 851:2001:db8::2:1 846: 838: 834: 826: 818: 810: 806: 803: 800:2001:db8::1:0 795: 787: 784: 780: 776: 775: 774: 769: 761: 759: 755: 751: 741: 738: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 690: 689: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 660: 654: 651: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 611: 610: 606: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 587: 581: 579: 574: 572: 568: 558: 555: 552: 549: 548: 544: 541: 538: 535: 534: 530: 527: 524: 521: 520: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 501: 500: 496: 493: 490: 487: 486: 480: 478: 473: 471: 462: 459: 457: 456: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 439: 438: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 421: 415: 413: 408: 398: 396: 393: 379: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 354: 353: 349: 346: 343: 340: 339: 333: 330: 328: 317: 313: 309: 305: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 270: 269: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 243: 241: 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Retrieved 6824: 6808: 6773: 6766: 6754: 6745: 6735: 6687: 6664: 6657: 6641: 6618: 6611: 6575: 6540: 6512: 6500: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6391: 6380: 6368: 6341: 6330: 6323: 6300: 6275:. Retrieved 6265: 6258: 6246: 6219: 6193: 6166: 6162:B. Carpenter 6143: 6120: 6098: 6063: 6031: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5959: 5942: 5915: 5893: 5858: 5831:. Retrieved 5828:www.iana.org 5827: 5818: 5790: 5755: 5738: 5715: 5709:D. Johnson; 5704: 5693:. Retrieved 5684: 5673:. Retrieved 5664: 5647: 5636: 5634: 5628:. Retrieved 5618: 5606: 5571: 5547: 5533: 5519: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5476: 5453: 5439: 5423: 5388: 5381: 5369:. Retrieved 5359: 5347: 5312: 5308:B. 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